HomeMy WebLinkAboutKlawock City School District High Efficiency Low Emission Wood Fired Heating System Preliminary Fesability Report 08-26-2014-WOODHigh Efficiency Low Emission
Wood Fired Heating System
Pre-Feasibility Report
August 26, 2014
Version: Final
WES Energy & Environment, LLC
902 Market Street • Meadville, PA 16335
(814) 337‐8223
Prepared for:
Klawock City School District
In Partnership with :
Fairbanks Economic Development CorporaƟon
Alaska Wood Energy Development Task Group
Prepared By:
Biomass Prefeasibility Report Date: August 26, 2014 Klawock School District
FINAL Klawock, Alaska
WES Energy & Environment
Table of Contents
1.0 Executive Summary .............................................................................................................. 1
2.0 Existing Fuel Usage & Heating System ................................................................................. 2
2.1 Main Building ................................................................................................................... 2
2.2 Gymnasium ....................................................................................................................... 4
2.3 Modular Buildings ............................................................................................................ 6
2.4 Native Arts Building .......................................................................................................... 8
3.0 Forest Resource and Fuel Availability ................................................................................ 10
4.0 Proposed Biomass System Options ................................................................................... 11
4.1 Main Building Biomass System Options ......................................................................... 13
4.1.1 Option 1a : 300,000 Btu/hr Wood Pellet System ................................................... 13
4.1.2 Option 1b : 300,000 Btu/hr Dry Fuel System .......................................................... 15
4.2 Gymnasium ..................................................................................................................... 17
4.2.1 Option 2a : 510,000 Btu/hr Wood Pellet System ................................................... 18
4.2.2 Option 2b : 500,000 Btu/hr Dry Fuel System .......................................................... 19
4.3 Modular Buildings .......................................................................................................... 20
4.3.1 Option 3a : 570,000 Btu/hr Wood Pellet System ................................................... 21
4.3.2 Option 3b : 500,000 Btu/hr Dry Fuel System .......................................................... 23
4.4 Native Arts Building ........................................................................................................ 24
4.0 Benefit/Cost Analysis ......................................................................................................... 24
5.0 Conclusions & Recommendations ..................................................................................... 29
6.0 General Biomass Technology Information ........................................................................ 30
Appendix A – Conceptual Drawings
Appendix B – Capital Cost Estimates
Appendix C – 20 Year Financing at 4% APR Cash Flow Analysis
Appendix D – Sensitivity Analysis of Annual Savings to Oil and Biomass Prices
Appendix E – Alaska Department of Education & Early Development 20 Year LCCA
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1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This preliminary feasibility study evaluates options for Klawock City Schools to utilize high
efficiency low emission wood fired technologies for space heating and domestic hot water in
the Main Building, Gymnasium, Modular Buildings, and Native Arts Building. Installation of a
wood fired heating system would present the Klawock City Schools with the opportunity to
reduce operating costs, utilize a renewable fuel, and keep fuel expenditures within the regional
economy.
Four buildings were evaluated for interconnection with a biomass heating system including the
Main Building, Gymnasium, Modular Buildings, and Native Arts Building. Figure 1 shows an
aerial picture of the school identifying the buildings considered in this report.
Figure 1 – Aerial View of Klawock City School District
Image source: Bing Maps
The Native Arts Building is planned for replacement in the near future and is not considered as
a viable option for interconnection. Two biomass boiler technologies including wood pellet and
dry fuel (dry sawdust, dry wood chips, or wood pellets) systems were considered for each of the
three remaining building combinations. Dry sawdust is the best value for the dry fuel system
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and is used for generation costs and savings for this report. A summary of the costs and
benefits for each option are listed in Table ES1.
Table ES1 – Cost and Benefit Summary
Option Estimated
Capital Cost
1st Year Net
Annual
Operating
Savings
Simple
Payback,
Years
20 Year Net
Present
Value
20 Year
B/C Ratio
1a – Main Building Wood Pellet
System $297,781 $8,056 37.0 ($115,801) 0.61
1b – Main Building Dry Sawdust
System $721,493 $23,540 30.6 ($240,194) 0.67
2a – Main Building & Gymnasium
Wood Pellet System $420,929 $11,326 37.2 ($162,675) 0.61
2b – Main Building & Gymnasium
Dry Sawdust System $858,556 $36,430 23.6 ($114,859) 0.87
3a – Main Building, Gymnasium, &
Modulars Wood Pellet System $573,994 $10,778 53.3 ($322,974) 0.44
3b – Main Building, Gymnasium, &
Modulars Dry Sawdust System $983,791 $39,834 24.7 ($170,769) 0.83
Notes:
1 – Net Annual Operating Savings include costs for wood fuel, supplemental fossil fuel, and operation &
maintenance (O&M) costs.
2 – 20 Year Net Present Value takes the present value of the operating savings over 20 years with annual inflations
of 3.3% for oil and 3.0% for remaining O&M costs and the initial capital outlay of the total project cost using a
discount rate of 3.0% as published in the “Energy Price Indices and Discount Factors for Life‐Cycle Cost Analysis ‐
2013”. A value greater than zero means that savings are greater than expenses over 20 years in the value of
today’s dollars.
3 – 20 Year Benefit/Cost (B/C) Ratio is calculated by dividing the present value of net annual operating savings over
a 20 year period with a discount rate of 3.0% by the Estimated Capital Cost. A value greater than 1 means the
benefits exceed the costs over a 20 year period.
2.0 EXISTING FUEL USAGE & HEATING SYSTEM
The Klawock School District uses #1 fuel oil to heat buildings on the campus. Four buildings
were evaluated during the site visit. This section gives an overview of the fuel use and heating
systems for each of the four buildings.
2.1 MAIN BUILDING
The Main Building contains most of the classrooms, library, and administration offices for the
school. This building is 60 years old, houses 130 students, and has two floors with 32,280 ft2 of
heated floor space. The Main Building uses approximately 12,000 gallons of #1 fuel oil annually
at an approximate price of $4.10 per gallon for an annual expenditure of $49,200 for heating
and domestic hot water. Two above ground 550 gallon fuel oil tanks are used for onsite fuel
storage.
The Main Building has two model 88 Weil McLain hot water boilers firing on #1 fuel oil and
rated at 943,000 Btu/hr output and 50 psig. The boilers were installed in 2001 and are in good
Biomass Prefeasibility Report Date: August 26, 2014 Klawock School District
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condition. The hot water heating distribution system is a primary‐secondary piping system.
Unit ventilators provide heating and ventilation to classrooms and are controlled by wall
mounted thermostats. A combination of Johnson Controls pneumatics (1983 vintage) and low
voltage controls (1954 vintage) from an unknown manufacturer are installed throughout the
building and are unable to be serviced. Domestic hot water is heated indirectly using the Weil
Mclain boilers and stored in a hot water storage tank that is boosted by electric heat when
needed. There is potential room in the existing boiler room to locate hot water thermal storage
tanks, however the biomass boilers will likely have to be located in another location.
Fuel deliveries for calendar year (CY) 2013 are used for the purposes of load modeling and
boiler sizing in this memorandum. The heating degree days for CY 2013 were fairly close to the
30 year average for the region. Thus, CY 2013 weather data from Klawock, Alaska is used with
the 12,000 gallon annual fuel oil use for the purposes of load modeling and boiler sizing in this
study. Figure 2 shows how the daily average heating demand for the Main Building would be
expected to vary over the course of a year. During a 24‐hr period, the actual load will vary
above and below this average value. Peak loads are estimated at 150% of the average load.
Peak loads would be experienced for short durations over a 24 hour period.
Figure 2 – Main Building Estimated Average Daily Heating Demand for CY 2013
Note: The daily average heating demand model is based on local weather data and annual fuel usage provided
by Klawock City School District. Actual demand would fluctuate above and below the average heating demand
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values shown over a 24‐hr period. The peak demand is estimated as 150% of the average demand and would
only be experienced for short durations over a 24 hour period.
A load duration curve was developed using the daily average heating demand curves. Load
duration curves sort the daily average heating demand over the course of a year from highest
to lowest and plot it over the number of days to show the annual range of facility heating
demand. Figure 3 shows the estimated load duration curve for CY 2013.
Figure 3 – Main Building Estimated Load Duration Curve for CY 2013
Note: The daily average heating demand model is based on local weather data and annual fuel usage provided
by Klawock City School District. Actual demand would fluctuate above and below the daily average heating
demand values shown over a 24‐hr period. The peak demand is estimated as 150% of the average demand and
would only be experienced for short durations over a 24 hour period.
2.2 GYMNASIUM
The Gymnasium contains the basketball court and locker rooms. This building has 11,500 ft2 of
floor space and is 40 years old. The Gymnasium uses approximately 6,000 gallons of #1 fuel oil
annually at an approximate price of $4.10 per gallon which results in an annual expenditure of
$24,600. An above ground 2,000 gallon fuel oil tank is used for onsite storage.
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The gymnasium has two model 88 Weil McLain hot water boilers firing on #1 fuel oil, each rated
at 704,000 Btu/hr output and 50 psig. The boilers were installed in 1999 and are in good
condition. The distribution piping is connected to baseboard radiators in the locker rooms and
to air handling units for heating the gym. The piping system has one set of boiler pumps that
circulate water through the boiler and through the distribution system. Flow and balancing of
the piping has been an issue. Domestic hot water is heated indirectly using the heating boilers
and a storage tank that is boosted by electric heat as needed. There is not enough room in the
existing boiler room to install a biomass boiler or thermal storage tanks. An addition would
have to be constructed to house the biomass system or the heating system would have to be
connected to the Main Building distribution system. Pipes are capped and abandoned in place
that used to heat the Gymnasium from the Main Building boiler system. These pipes were
abandoned due to inadequate insulation. These pipes are not considered for reuse in this
study. Figure 4 shows how the daily average heating demand for the Gymnasium would be
expected to vary over the course of a year.
Figure 4 – Gymnasium Estimated Average Daily Heating Demand for CY 2013
Note: The daily average heating demand model is based on local weather data and annual fuel usage provided
by Klawock City School District. Actual demand would fluctuate above and below the daily average heating
demand values shown over a 24‐hr period. The peak demand is estimated as 150% of the average demand and
would only be experienced for short durations over a 24 hour period.
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Figure 5 shows the load duration curve for the Gymnasium.
Figure 5 – Gymnasium Estimated Load Duration Curve for CY 2013
Note: The daily average heating demand model is based on local weather data and annual fuel usage provided
by Klawock City School District. Actual demand would fluctuate above and below the daily average heating
demand values shown over a 24‐hr period. The peak demand is estimated as 150% of the average demand and
would only be experienced for short durations over a 24 hour period.
2.3 MODULAR BUILDINGS
Two 1,920 ft2 Modular Buildings were constructed in 1989 as temporary structures for
classrooms. They each use Lennox oil fired furnaces rated at 134,000 Btu/hr input located in
closets with forced air distribution systems. The furnaces were installed in 1989 and are well
maintained. One gallon domestic hot water heaters are located in the closets next to each
furnace. The Modular Buildings used 1,600 gallons total of #1 fuel oil annually at an
approximate price of $4.10 per gallon which results in an annual expenditure of $6,560 for
heating and DHW. An above ground 550 gallon fuel oil tank serves both buildings. There is not
enough room in the modular buildings to install a biomass boiler and thermal storage tanks. An
addition would have to be constructed or heating pipes would have to be extended from the
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Main Building and hot water coils installed in the ductwork. Figure 6 shows how the daily
average heating demand for the Modular Buildings would be expected to vary over the course
of a year.
Figure 6 – Modular Buildings Estimated Average Daily Heating Demand for CY 2013
Note: The daily average heating demand model is based on local weather data and annual fuel usage provided
by Klawock City School District. Actual demand would fluctuate above and below the daily average heating
demand values shown over a 24‐hr period. The peak demand is estimated as 150% of the average demand and
would only be experienced for short durations over a 24 hour period.
Figure 7 shows the load duration curve for the Modular Buildings.
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Figure 7 – Modular Buildings Estimated Load Duration Curve for CY 2013
Note: The daily average heating demand model is based on local weather data and annual fuel usage provided
by Klawock City School District. Actual demand would fluctuate above and below the daily average heating
demand values shown over a 24‐hr period. The peak demand is estimated as 150% of the average demand and
would only be experienced for short durations over a 24 hour period.
2.4 NATIVE ARTS BUILDING
The Native Arts Building is a modular building used for carving and woodworking. A small Toyo
fuel oil fired space heater provides building heat. Domestic hot water is not currently available
in the building. The Native Arts Building used 400 gallons of #1 fuel oil annually at an
approximate price of $4.10 per gallon which results in an annual expenditure of $1,640 for
space heating. An above ground 550 gallon fuel oil tank serves the building. The building is
planned for replacement in the near future. There is not enough room in the Native Arts
Building to install a biomass boiler or thermal storage tanks. Figure 8 shows how the daily
average heating demand for the Native Arts Building would be expected to vary over the course
of a year.
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Figure 8 – Native Arts Building Estimated Average Daily Heating Demand for CY 2013
Note: The daily average heating demand model is based on local weather data and annual fuel usage provided
by Klawock City School District. Actual demand would fluctuate above and below the daily average heating
demand values shown over a 24‐hr period. The peak demand is estimated as 150% of the average demand and
would only be experienced for short durations over a 24 hour period.
Figure 9 shows the load duration curve for the Native Arts Building.
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Figure 9 – Native Arts Building Estimated Load Duration Curve for CY 2013
Note: The daily average heating demand model is based on local weather data and annual fuel usage provided
by Klawock City School District. Actual demand would fluctuate above and below the daily average heating
demand values shown over a 24‐hr period. The peak demand is estimated as 150% of the average demand and
would only be experienced for short durations over a 24 hour period.
3.0 FOREST RESOURCE AND FUEL AVAILABILITY
Prince of Wales Island is heavily forested with the majority of the land owned by the US Forest
Service and smaller tracts owned by and State and private owners. There are currently no
known forest stewardship plans in place for management. Potential fuel suppliers were
contacted for pricing and availability of biomass fuel. Table 1 lists the companies contacted,
location, contact information, and fuels available.
Table 1 – Contacted Fuel Supplier’s
Company Location Phone Fuels
Welcome Inn B&B Thorne Bay 907‐828‐3950 Palletized Split Cordwood
Viking Lumber Klawock 907‐755‐8880 Dry wood chips, Dry Sawdust, Wet Wood
Chips, Compressed Bricks
Tongass Forest Enterprises Ketchikan 907‐617‐4542 Wood Pellets
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The biomass fuels considered for evaluation in this report are dry sawdust, dry wood chips, and
wood pellets. Fuel prices used for evaluation are $120 per ton for dry sawdust, $260 per ton
for dry wood chips, and $330 per ton for wood pellets. Table 2 summarizes the available fuels
for heating as well as their cost per mmBtu output comparison.
Table 2 – Fuel Pricing and Cost per mmBtu
Fuel, Unit Cost per
Unit
Input Heating
Value, mmBtu
per Unit
Estimated Boiler
Efficiency
Boiler Output
Heating Value,
mmBtu/Unit
Boiler Output
Heating Cost,
$/mmBtu
1Dry Sawdust, Ton $120.00 13.2 75% 9.9 $12.12
1Dry Wood Chip, Ton $260.00 13.2 75% 9.9 $26.26
1Wood Pellets, Ton $330.00 15.2 80% 12.16 $27.14
#1 Fuel Oil, Gallon $4.10 0.134 80% 0.1072 $38.25
Note:
1 ‐ Input heating values assumes 8% moisture content wet basis for wood pellets and 20% moisture content wet
basis for chips and sawdust with an average High Heating Value of 8,255 Btu/lb of bone dry wood based on a
mixture of Sitka Spruce(8,100 Btu/lb) and Western Hemlock (8,410 Btu/lb)1.
Dry sawdust is the lowest cost fuel per unit of energy and is therefore used in this report to
generate fuel costs and savings for the dry fuel options. The dry fuel system would also be able
to utilize dried wood chips or wood pellets if fuel prices became more competitive in the future
or if dry sawdust became unavailable.
4.0 PROPOSED BIOMASS SYSTEM OPTIONS
Options for using high efficiency low emission biomass systems were evaluated for heating the
Main Building, Gymnasium, Modular Buildings, and Native Arts Building. There is not adequate
space to locate new wood fired heating systems in the Gymnasium, Modular Buildings, and
Native Arts Building. Because of this each building is evaluated for interconnection with the
biomass system evaluated for the Main Building. Preliminary pipe routing for interconnecting
buildings to determine lengths required are shown in Figure 10.
1 Avery, Robert B., Funck, James W., & Wilson, Pamela L. (2010). Fuelwood Characteristics of Northwestern Conifers
and Hardwoods (updated). Portland, Or.: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest
Research Station.
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Figure 10 – Preliminary Building Connection Piping Routes
Additional wood fuel use would be required due to heat loss through the buried distribution
pipes. Piping heat losses are estimated and resulting wood volumes are calculated for these
losses. Additional wood use resulting from piping heat losses are included in the total volumes
required for each option. A summary of estimated piping heat losses and additional wood
requirements due to heat losses are provided in Table 3.
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Table 3 – District Piping Lengths, Heat Losses, and Heat Loss Fuel Use Summary
Option
Supply and
Return Total
Heating Pipe
Length, Feet
Heat Loss per
Foot, Btu/hr
per Foot
Annual Hours
of Operation
Annual Heat Loss
from Piping,
mmBtu
Additional Fuel
Required for
Piping Heat Loss,
Tons/Year
1a – Main Building Wood Pellet System 240 23 6,500 35.1 2.9
1b – Main Building Dry Sawdust System 240 23 6,500 35.1 3.6
2a – Main Building & Gymnasium Wood
Pellet System 800 23 6,500 117.0 9.7
2b – Main Building & Gymnasium Dry
Sawdust System 800 23 6,500 117.0 11.9
3a – Main Building, Gymnasium, &
Modulars Wood Pellet System 1,100 23 6,500 160.9 13.3
3b – Main Building, Gymnasium, &
Modulars Dry Sawdust System 1,100 23 6,500 160.9 16.3
Note: Assumes 9 months of operation for all options.
4.1 MAIN BUILDING BIOMASS SYSTEM OPTIONS
Two high efficiency low emission biomass fired boiler systems are evaluated for
interconnection with the existing heating system serving the Main Building. Option 1a
considers a boiler system that would fire exclusively on wood pellets. Option 1b considers a
boiler system that would fire on dried sawdust since it is the lowest cost per unit of energy.
This system could also utilize dried wood chips or wood pellets if the prices for these fuels
became more economical in the future.
4.1.1 Option 1a : 300,000 Btu/hr Wood Pellet System
Two advanced combustion wood pellet boilers each sized at approximately 0.15 mmBtu/hr of
heat output would be combined with approximately 500 gallons of thermal storage to
efficiently meet the school's range of heating needs. The rated operating range of the system
would be from ~0.05 to ~0.3 mmBtu/hr with thermal storage allowing short term peaks to be
met. The hot water thermal storage would be heated to a preset temperature (typically 195°F
or higher) that is higher than distributed for building heat. The thermal storage tank would use
a 3‐way mixing valve to blend hot water in the tank with colder return water from the school to
maintain a range of supply water temperatures (160°F – 190°F) determined by an outside air
temperature reset schedule.
The storage would allow the system to meet a 1‐hr peak of ~0.36 mmBtu/hr and a 15 minute
peak of ~0.54 mmBtu/hr. The storage would also allow one boiler to operate efficiently to
provide domestic hot water heating. The storage will hold approximately 220,000 Btu for
domestic hot water usage. This allows one pellet boiler to fire for a period of approximately 1‐
½ hours within its efficient firing range to charge the storage. The heat in the storage is then
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used to provide domestic hot water needs, until the temperature drops to ~140oF and the
system has to fire to charge it once more.
The wood pellet boilers, metering bin, expansion tank, valves, fittings, and distribution pumps
will be factory installed in a roll off shipping container. The container can vary depending on
the manufacturer selected, but can be a roll off shipping container or wood paneled storage
box. A fuel storage bin capable of holding 45 tons of wood pellets will be located next to the
roll off container to accept bulk deliveries of wood pellets pneumatically or with an auger.
Wood pellets will be automatically transferred using a flexible auger or pneumatic hose from
the storage bin to a metering bin that feeds the three wood pellet boilers. Heating distribution
pipes will be installed from the wood pellet heating plant to the existing fuel oil fired boiler
plant. The thermal storage system will be located in the existing fuel oil boiler plant and tie‐in
with the existing hot water heating system. The existing fuel oil fired heating boilers would
remain to supplement the biomass system during periods of maintenance and if the heating
demand is outside the range of the biomass system. Appendix A contains a conceptual site
plan, floor plan, and schematic for the biomass system. Figure 11 shows the estimated wood
pellet system coverage of the FY 2013 load duration curve.
Figure 11 – Estimated Biomass System Coverage of Load Duration Curve
Note: The load duration curve model is based on local weather data and annual fuel delivery volumes provided by
Klawock City School District. Potential coverage of 97% is shown. Actual coverage will depend on management of
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loads and the use of thermal storage. The system can be used as described in the text to cover approximately 100%
of the annual demand. Management of loads, the use of thermal storage, and operations will determine actual
biomass coverage.
Figure 11 shows 97% biomass coverage of the FY 2013 load duration curve. Actual coverage
will vary depending on weather conditions, peak demands, equipment operation schedules,
and periods when the boilers are shut down for maintenance. This report assumes 95%
coverage of fuel oil usage for estimating the potential fuel use and savings for this
memorandum.
4.1.2 Option 1b : 300,000 Btu/hr Dry Fuel System
An advanced combustion unit and hot water boiler capable of firing on dry sawdust, dry wood
chips, or wood pellets sized at approximately 300,000 Btu/hr of heat output is evaluated. The
boiler would be combined with approximately 750 gallons of thermal storage to efficiently
meet the school's range of heating needs. The rated operating range of the system would be
from ~0.09 to ~0.3 mmBtu/hr with thermal storage allowing short term peaks to be met. The
storage would allow the system to meet a 1‐hr peak of ~0.4 mmBtu/hr and a 15 minute peak of
~0.65 mmBtu/hr. The storage will hold approximately 330,000 Btu for domestic hot water
usage. This allows the boiler to fire for a period of approximately one hour within its efficient
firing range to charge the storage. The heat in the storage is then used to provide domestic hot
water needs, until the temperature drops to ~140oF and the system has to fire to charge it once
more.
Wood chips do not convey as easily as wood pellets, require additional storage space since they
are less dense, and typically require screening to eliminate rocks and other foreign materials
from the fuel. Site constraints of the school property limit the cost effective options available
for installing sufficient onsite fuel storage. A silo style storage bin is not recommended for
wood chips or sawdust in an institutional setting. Since the material is not free flowing it can
bridge, freeze, or clog the outlet of the silo style bin and can be dusty or noisy to convey from
the delivery truck to the storage silo.
The storage system recommended would be two self‐unloading walking floor tractor trailers
purchased by Klawock City Schools for use as onsite storage and for fuel delivery. One trailer
would be “plugged in” to the fuel handling system at the school and the second trailer would be
at the sawmill or pellet plant waiting to be swapped out when needed. The storage trailer at
the school would unload out of the back to keep a small storage building (~120 ft2) filled with
dry wood chips, wood pellets, or dry sawdust. A hydraulic rake system would pull fuel from the
bottom of the storage building onto a vibrating conveyor with a perforated holes at the end
allowing “right sized” wood fuel to fall through and oversized materials to be separated out of
the fuel stream. The “right sized” fuel would continue on through a series of augers into a
metering bin that would feed the boiler to satisfy the heating demand of the Main Building.
The dry wood chip boiler, metering bin, valves, fittings, and distribution pumps will be factory
installed in a container. The container can vary depending on the manufacturer selected, but
can be a roll off shipping container or wood paneled storage box. The thermal storage tanks
could be located in the existing fuel oil fired boiler room to reduce the outdoor footprint of the
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system. Heating distribution pipes will be installed from the wood chip heating plant to the
thermal storage tank(s) and tie‐in with the existing hot water heating system. The existing fuel
oil fired heating boilers would remain to supplement the biomass system during periods of
maintenance and if the heating demand is outside the range of the biomass system. Appendix
A contains a conceptual site plan, floor plan, and schematic for the biomass system. Figure 12
shows the estimated wood pellet system coverage of the FY 2013 load duration curve.
Figure 12 – Estimated Biomass System Coverage of Load Duration Curve
Note: The load duration curve model is based on local weather data and annual fuel delivery volumes provided by
Klawock City School District. Potential coverage of 92% is shown. Actual coverage will depend on management of
loads and the use of thermal storage.
The single wood chip boiler would not be as responsive to load fluctuations as multiple smaller
pellet boilers and is sized to maximum the time spent in the efficient operating range of the
boiler. Figure 12 shows 92% biomass coverage of the FY 2013 load duration curve as the red
shaded portion. The existing fuel oil system will supplement the wood chip boiler during peak
loads, low loads, and during periods of maintenance. Actual coverage will vary depending on
weather conditions, peak demands, equipment operation schedules, and periods when the
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boilers are shut down for maintenance. This report assumes 90% coverage of fuel oil usage for
estimating the potential fuel use and savings for this memorandum.
There are currently limited manufacturers who offer a boiler capable of firing with a dry wood
chip or dry sawdust in the optimal size recommended for the Main Building. Many
manufacturers offer their smallest boiler at ~500,000 Btu/hr output. Use of a 500,000 Btu/hr
system may result in excessive cycling during the shoulder seasons but could be mitigated
through increased thermal storage sizing.
4.2 GYMNASIUM
The gymnasium is a standalone building currently using #1 fuel oil fired boilers for space
heating and domestic hot water. There is not enough room to locate wood fired boilers in the
existing boiler room, build an addition, or install a containerized system in the vicinity of the
Gymnasium. Because of this the Gymnasium is evaluated for interconnection with the heating
system in the Main Building if a wood fired system was installed. All costs and savings for the
Gymnasium are estimated assuming that a wood fired system is being installed for the Main
Building. Insulated heating pipes would be installed from the Main Building boiler room to the
Gymnasium boiler room to tie into the existing heating system. Buried pipes that run between
the Gymnasium and the Main Building were previously abandoned in place and capped due to
inadequate insulation. This analysis assumes using new buried pre‐insulated PEX piping for
interconnection.
The oil boiler located in the Gymnasium could likely be decommissioned and removed since the
existing fuel oil boilers in the Main Building would be large enough for backup capacity for the
system. Figure 13 shows the Gymnasium (Blue Shading) and Main Building (Green Shading)
average daily heat demand stacked on top of each other for an estimated combined heating
demand and the estimated combined daily peak demand in yellow.
Biomass Prefeasibility Report Date: August 26, 2014 Klawock School District
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Figure 13 – Estimated Load Duration Curve for the Main Building & Gymnasium
Note: The load duration curve model shows the estimated daily average heating demands for the Main Building
and Gymnasium stacked on top of each other. The daily peak heating demand is represented for both buildings
combined in yellow.
4.2.1 Option 2a : 510,000 Btu/hr Wood Pellet System
If the Gymnasium were connected to the heating distribution system for the Main Building, the
recommended wood pellet system would have 510,000 Btu/hr of capacity and 750 gallons of
hot water thermal storage. The biomass system would be located in the same location as
Option 1a and hot water distribution pipes would be extended from the boiler room in the
Main Building to tie into the boiler room in the Gymnasium. Three 170,000 Btu/hour advanced
combustion units and hot water boilers firing on wood pellets could be used with cascading
operation. The rated operating range of the system would be from ~0.05 to ~0.51 mmBtu/hr.
The hot water thermal storage would allow the system to meet a 1‐hr peak of ~0.6 mmBtu/hr
and a 15 minute peak of ~0.87 mmBtu/hr.
The storage will hold approximately 330,000 Btu for domestic hot water usage. This allows one
boiler to fire for a period of approximately two hours within its efficient firing range to charge
the storage. The heat in the storage is then used to provide domestic hot water needs, until
the temperature drops to ~140oF and the system has to fire to charge it once more. Figure 14
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shows the potential coverage of the total combined load duration curve for the Main Building
and Gymnasium using the wood pellet system.
Figure 14 – Estimated Biomass System Coverage of Load Duration Curve
Note: The load duration curve model is based on local weather data and annual fuel delivery volumes provided by
Klawock City School District. Potential coverage of 98% is shown. Actual coverage will depend on management of
loads and the use of thermal storage. The system can be used as described in the text to cover approximately 100%
of the annual demand. Management of loads, the use of thermal storage, and operations will determine actual
biomass coverage.
Figure 14 shows 98% biomass coverage of the FY 2013 load duration curve for both buildings
combined. Three boilers operating as a cascading system with the use of thermal storage
would allow efficient operation throughout the range of heating loads expected for the Main
Building and Gymnasium combined. Actual coverage will vary depending on weather
conditions, peak demands, equipment operation schedules, and periods when the boilers are
shut down for maintenance. This report assumes 95% coverage of fuel oil usage for estimating
the potential fuel use and savings for the Main Building and Gymnasium combined.
4.2.2 Option 2b : 500,000 Btu/hr Dry Fuel System
Option 2b would interconnect the Gymnasium with the Main Building boiler plant as described
in Option 2a and use a 500,000 Btu/hr dry fuel system with 1,000 gallons of hot water thermal
storage. The dry fuel system location, fuel storage, and fuel handling arrangement would be
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would be identical to Option 1b. The differences would be a larger, 500,000 Btu/hr boiler and
distribution piping interconnecting the Gymnasium. The estimated coverage of the combined
load duration curve for both buildings is shown in Figure 15.
Figure 15 – Estimated Biomass System Coverage of Load Duration Curve
Note: The load duration curve model is based on local weather data and annual fuel delivery volumes provided by
Klawock City School District. Potential coverage of 91% is shown. Actual coverage will depend on management of
loads and the use of thermal storage.
Figure 15 shows 91% coverage of the FY 2013 load duration curve using the dry fuel system.
The existing fuel oil system in the Main Building boiler room will supplement the biomass
system as needed. Actual coverage will vary depending on weather conditions, peak demands,
equipment operation schedules, and periods when the boilers are shut down for maintenance.
This report assumes 90% coverage for the dry wood chip system for estimating the potential
fuel use and savings for the Main Building and Gymnasium.
4.3 MODULAR BUILDINGS
The Modular Buildings consist of two side by side buildings that each have a #1 fuel oil fired
forced air furnace for space heating and one gallon domestic hot water heaters. There is not
enough room to locate wood fired boilers in the modular buildings, build an addition, or install
a containerized system with storage in the vicinity of the modular buildings. Because of this
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the Modular buildings are evaluated for interconnection with the heating system in the Main
Building if a wood fired system was installed.
All costs and savings for the Modular Building are estimated assuming that a wood fired system
is being installed for the Main Building. Insulated heating pipes would be installed from the
Main Building boiler room to the Modular Buildings and tie into the ductwork using hot water
coils. The fuel oil furnaces would remain for backup. Figure 15 shows the load duration curves
for all three buildings.
Figure 16 – Estimated Load Duration Curve for the Main Building, Gymnasium, & Modular Buildings
Note: The load duration curve model shows the estimated daily average heating demands for the Main Building,
Gymnasium, and Modular Buildings stacked on top of each other. The daily peak heating demand is represented
for all three buildings combined in yellow.
4.3.1 Option 3a : 570,000 Btu/hr Wood Pellet System
If the Modular Buildings were added to Option 2a, connecting the Main Building, Gymnasium,
and Modular Buildings to a district heating system, the recommended wood pellet system
would have 570,000 Btu/hr of capacity and 750 gallons of hot water thermal storage. The
biomass system would be located in the same location as Options 1a and 2a and hot water
distribution pipes would branch off from the pipes between the Main Building and Gymnasium.
Three 190,000 Btu/hour advanced combustion units and hot water boilers firing on wood
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pellets could be used with cascading operation. The rated operating range of the system would
be from ~0.06 to ~0.57 mmBtu/hr. The hot water thermal storage would allow the system to
meet a 1‐hr peak of ~0.66 mmBtu/hr and a 15 minute peak of ~0.93 mmBtu/hr.
The storage will hold approximately 330,000 Btu for domestic hot water usage. This allows one
boiler to fire for a period of approximately two hours within its efficient firing range to charge
the storage. The heat in the storage is then used to provide domestic hot water needs, until
the temperature drops to ~140oF and the system has to fire to charge it once more. Figure 17
shows the potential coverage of the total combined load duration curve for all three buildings
using the wood pellet system.
Figure 17 – Estimated Biomass System Coverage of Load Duration Curve
Note: The load duration curve model is based on local weather data and annual fuel delivery volumes provided by
Klawock City School District. Potential coverage of 98% is shown. Actual coverage will depend on management of
loads and the use of thermal storage. The system can be used as described in the text to cover approximately 100%
of the annual demand. Management of loads, the use of thermal storage, and operations will determine actual
biomass coverage.
Figure 17 shows 98% biomass coverage of the FY 2013 load duration curve for both buildings
combined. Three boilers operating as a cascading system with the use of thermal storage
would allow efficient operation throughout the range of heating loads expected for the Main
Building and Gymnasium combined. Actual coverage will vary depending on weather
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conditions, peak demands, equipment operation schedules, and periods when the boilers are
shut down for maintenance. This report assumes 95% coverage of fuel oil usage for estimating
the potential fuel use and savings for the Main Building, Gymnasium, and Modular Buildings
combined.
4.3.2 Option 3b : 500,000 Btu/hr Dry Fuel System
Option 3b would interconnect the Modular Buildings, Gymnasium, and Main Building boiler
plant as described in Option 3a and use a 500,000 Btu/hr dry fuel system with 1,000 gallons of
hot water thermal storage. The dry wood chip system location, fuel storage, and fuel handling
arrangement would be would be identical to Option 2b. The differences would be installing a
distribution piping branch from the pipe connecting the Gymnasium and Main Building to tie
into the furnaces in the modular buildings. The estimated coverage of the combined load
duration curves for all three buildings is shown in Figure 18.
Figure 18 – Estimated Biomass System Coverage of Load Duration Curve
Note: The load duration curve model is based on local weather data and annual fuel delivery volumes provided by
Klawock City School District. Potential coverage of 90% is shown. Actual coverage will depend on management of
loads and the use of thermal storage.
Figure 18 shows 90% coverage of the FY 2013 load duration curve using the dry fuel system.
The existing fuel oil system in the Main Building boiler room will supplement the biomass
system as needed. Actual coverage will vary depending on weather conditions, peak demands,
equipment operation schedules, and periods when the boilers are shut down for maintenance.
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This report assumes 90% coverage for the dry fuel system for estimating the potential fuel use
and savings for the Main Building and Gymnasium.
4.4 NATIVE ARTS BUILDING
The Native Arts Building is a modular building that uses a Toyo space heater. A wood fired
heating system would not be practical to tie into the existing heating system or cost effective
due to the small amount of oil use (400 gallons/year). The Klawock School District has
suggested that the Native Arts Building will be replaced in the near future and is therefore not
further considered in this study.
4.0 BENEFIT/COST ANALYSIS
The estimated capital costs for each Option are listed in Table 4.
Table 4 – Estimated Project Capital Costs
Option Estimated Capital Cost
1a – Main Building Wood Pellet System $297,781
1b – Main Building Dry Sawdust System $721,493
2a – Main Building & Gymnasium Wood Pellet System $420,929
2b – Main Building & Gymnasium Dry Sawdust System $858,556
3a – Main Building, Gymnasium, & Modular Buildings Wood Pellet System $573,994
3b – Main Building, Gymnasium, & Modular Buildings Dry Sawdust System $983,791
Project cost estimates are based on recent quotations and bids provided by boiler
manufacturers and recent bids for similar projects. These costs include the fuel storage and
handling system, biomass combustion unit, boiler, accessory equipment, installation,
integration with the existing heating and domestic hot water systems, professional fees, and
contingency. Tables showing the detailed cost breakdowns are found in Appendix B.
It is assumed that existing staff would coordinate deliveries, empty ash bins, and check on the
system. Ash removal costs have been estimated at $70 per ton of ash and $220 per container
delivery. Option 3b would generate the largest quantity of ash and would result in
approximately 4 cubic yards annually. Wood ash can be used as a direct replacement for lime
and costs for removal could be reduced if it is used as a soil amendment on school grounds or
other locations.
An increase in electricity use would occur from the circulation pumps and fuel handling system.
Electricity costs using a price of $0.23/ kWh have been estimated considering motors for pumps
and augers for the wood pellet system and the hydraulic system and screening for the dry fuel
system. Annual operation and maintenance (O&M) costs are estimated for each option and are
listed in Table 5.
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Table 5 – Estimated Annual O&M Costs
Task Option 1a Option 1b Option 2a Option 2b Option 3a Option 3b
Electricity $2,450 $3,730 $3,650 $4,880 $4,810 $4,940
Ash Removal $410 $490 $500 $530 $500 $560
Annual Service $1,500 $2,000 $1,500 $2,000 $1,500 $2,000
Totals $4,360 $6,220 $5,650 $7,410 $6,810 $7,500
Annual operating savings are estimated considering fuel costs and O&M costs. Table 6 shows
the estimated annual operating savings for each option.
Table 6 – Estimated Annual Operating Savings
Option
Current
Annual Fuel
Oil Cost
Estimated
Annual
Biomass Cost
Estimated
Annual Fuel
Oil Cost with
Biomass
System
Estimated
Additional
Annual
O&M Costs
Estimated
Annual
Savings
1a – Main Building Wood Pellet
System $49,200 $34,320 $2,464 $4,360 $8,056
1b – Main Building Dry Sawdust
System $49,200 $14,520 $4,920 $6,220 $23,540
2a – Main Building & Gymnasium
Wood Pellet System $73,800 $53,130 $3,694 $5,650 $11,326
2b – Main Building & Gymnasium
Dry Sawdust System $73,800 $22,560 $7,380 $7,430 $36,430
3a – Main Building, Gymnasium, &
Modulars Wood Pellet System $80,360 $58,740 $4,022 $6,820 $10,778
3b – Main Building, Gymnasium, &
Modulars Dry Sawdust System $80,360 $24,960 $8,036 $7,530 $39,834
Note: Assumes dry sawdust is used for Options 1b, 2b, and 3b due to the energy cost advantage and wood pellets
for Options 1a, 2a, and 3a.
A benefits summary is listed in Table 7 showing the estimated capital cost, 1st year net
operating savings, simple payback, 20 year Net Present Value, and 20 Year Benefits to Cost
(B/C) ratio. A sensitivity analysis of estimated first year annual operating savings over a range
of biomass and oil costs are provided in Appendix D.
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Table 7 – Cost and Benefit Summary
Option Estimated
Capital Cost
1st Year Net
Annual
Operating
Savings
Simple
Payback,
Years
20 Year Net
Present
Value
20 Year
B/C Ratio
1a – Main Building Wood Pellet
System $297,781 $8,056 37.0 ($115,801) 0.61
1b – Main Building Dry Sawdust
System $721,493 $23,540 30.6 ($240,194) 0.67
2a – Main Building & Gymnasium
Wood Pellet System $420,929 $11,326 37.2 ($162,675) 0.61
2b – Main Building & Gymnasium
Dry Sawdust System $858,556 $36,430 23.6 ($114,859) 0.87
3a – Main Building, Gymnasium, &
Modulars Wood Pellet System $573,994 $10,778 53.3 ($322,974) 0.44
3b – Main Building, Gymnasium, &
Modulars Dry Sawdust System $983,791 $39,834 24.7 ($170,769) 0.83
Notes:
1 – Net Annual Operating Savings include costs for wood fuel, supplemental fossil fuel, and operation &
maintenance (O&M) costs.
2 – 20 Year Net Present Value takes the present value of the operating savings over 20 years with annual inflations
of 3.3% for oil and 3.0% for remaining O&M costs and the initial capital outlay of the total project cost using a
discount rate of 3.0% as published in the “Energy Price Indices and Discount Factors for Life‐Cycle Cost Analysis ‐
2013”. A value greater than zero means that savings are greater than expenses over 20 years in the value of
today’s dollars.
3 – 20 Year Benefit/Cost (B/C) Ratio is calculated by dividing the present value of net annual operating savings over
a 20 year period with a discount rate of 3.0% by the Estimated Capital Cost. A value greater than 1 means the
benefits exceed the costs over a 20 year period.
A cash flow analysis was completed for financing the projects assuming a 20 year financing term
at a 4.0% interest rate. None of the Options had a positive first year cash flow after annual
payments. The detailed analyses are shown in Appendix C.
A 20 year Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) complying with the requirements for the Alaska
Department of Education & Early Development was conducted for the Options 2a and 2b since
they had the shortest simple payback. The spreadsheet is provided in Appendix E and the
results of the LCCA are listed in Table 8.
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Table 8 – 20 Year Life Cycle Cost Analysis for Options 2a and 2b
Item
Alternate #1
(Using Oil
Boilers)
Alternate #2
(Option 2a)
Alternate #3
(Option 2b)
Initial Investment Cost $0 $420,929 $858,556
Operations Cost $1,097,958 $906,891 $526,212
Maintenance & Repair Cost $7,439 $22,316 $29,755
Replacement Cost $74,409 $0 $0
Residual Value $0 $0 $0
Total 20 Year Life Cycle Costs $1,179,806 $1,350,136 $1,414,522
Notes:
1 ‐ Values generated using the Alaska Department of Education & Early Development LCCA spreadsheet.
2 – Alternate #1 assumes the two oil boilers in the Main Building and one boiler in the Gymnasium will be replaced
in ten years.
The 20 year life cycle costs indicate that capital costs and maintenance costs for Options 2a and
2b outweigh the savings in operations costs. It is noted that a discount rate of 3.0% was used as
required by the Alaska Department of Education & Early Education. This model does not take
into consideration the high rates of fuel oil price inflation experienced in recent years and may
not represent the true costs of future operation for the fuel oil system. A sensitivity analysis
was completed comparing 20 year net present value for each option over a range of annual oil
inflation rates and 3.0% for remaining O&M costs. Table 9 shows the results of the 20 year net
present value sensitivity analysis.
Table 9 – 20 Year Net Present Value Sensitivity to Oil Inflation Rate
Option
20 Year NPV
with Oil
Inflation at
3.0% Annually
20 Year NPV
with Oil
Inflation at
3.3% Annually
20 Year NPV
with Oil
Inflation at
4.0% Annually
20 Year NPV
with Oil
Inflation at
6.8% Annually
1a – Main Building Wood Pellet
System ($141,356) ($115,801) ($52,572) $259,586
1b – Main Building Dry Sawdust
System ($264,405) ($240,194) ($180,287) $115,467
2a – Main Building & Gymnasium
Wood Pellet System ($201,008) ($162,675) ($67,828) $400,422
2b – Main Building & Gymnasium
Dry Sawdust System ($151,177) ($322,974) ($24,999) $418,632
3a – Main Building, Gymnasium, &
Modulars Wood Pellet System ($364,714) ($322,974) ($219,695) $290,180
3b – Main Building, Gymnasium, &
Modulars Dry Sawdust System ($210,315) ($170,769) ($72,921) $410,144
Note: Net Present Values are calculated using annual inflation rates of 3% for wood fuel and O&M costs, the
inflation rate for oil stated in the table, the initial capital cost, and a discount rate of 3%.
Table 10 lists the assumptions and values used to develop costs and savings in this study.
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Page 28 of 32
Table 10 – Assumptions and Values Used in the Report
Item Value and Unit Source
Main Building annual #1 fuel oil use 12,000 gallons Klawock City Schools
Gymnasium annual #1 fuel oil use 6,000 gallons Klawock City Schools
Modular Buildings annual #1 fuel oil use 1,600 gallons Klawock City Schools
Native Arts Building annual #1 fuel oil use 400 gallons Klawock City Schools
Option 1a portion of fuel oil replaced 95%WES E&E estimate
Option 1b portion of fuel oil replaced 90%WES E&E estimate
Option 2a portion of fuel oil replaced 95%WES E&E estimate
Option 2b portion of fuel oil replaced 90%WES E&E estimate
Option 3a portion of fuel oil replaced 95%WES E&E estimate
Option 3b portion of fuel oil replaced 90%WES E&E estimate
#1 Fuel oil heat content 134,000 Btu/gal WES E&E assumption
Dry wood chip moisture content wet basis 20%WES E&E assumption
Dry sawdust moisture content wet basis 20%WES E&E assumption
Wood pellet moisture content wet basis 8%WES E&E assumption
Dry wood chip high heating value 13.2 mmBtu/ton WES E&E assumption
Dry sawdust high heating value 13.2 mmBtu/ton WES E&E assumption
Wood pellet high heating value 15.2 mmBtu/ton WES E&E assumption
#1 Fuel oil boiler efficiency 80%WES E&E assumption
Dry sawdust/wood chip boiler efficiency (HHV)75%WES E&E assumption
Wood pellet boiler efficiency (HHV) 80%WES E&E assumption
#1 Fuel oil price $4.10/gallon Klawock City Schools
Electricity price $0.23/kWh Klawock City Schools
Dry wood chip price $260.00/ton Budget quote
Wood pellet price $330.00/ton Budget quote
Dry sawdust price $120.00/ton Budget quote
Discount rate 3.0%NISTIR 85‐3273‐28
#1 Fuel oil inflation rate 3.3%WES E&E assumption
Wood pellet inflation rate 3.0%WES E&E assumption
O&M inflation rate 3.0%WES E&E assumption
Dry sawdust inflation rate 3.0%WES E&E assumption
Biomass Prefeasibility Report Date: August 26, 2014 Klawock School District
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5.0 CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS
This study concludes that the Klawock City Schools can reduce annual operating costs for space
heating and domestic hot water heating by installing a high efficiency, low emission wood fired
heating system. Based on the current economics, capital costs may be too high for the school
district to justify proceeding with a project. The proposed systems will generate hot water to
offset 90% ‐ 95% of the current fuel oil use for space heating and domestic hot water within
school buildings at capital costs ranging from ~$300,000 ‐ ~$1,000,000 depending on the option
selected. This would provide Klawock City School District with net operating savings ranging
from ~$8,000 to ~$40,000 in the first year of operation. If 80% of the project costs were funded
through grants, the simple payback for School District funds would range from 8 ‐ 10 years for
the proposed wood pellet options and 6 years or less for the proposed dry sawdust options.
Additional benefits that would be provided by a high efficiency, low emission wood fired system
include:
Purchase of dried wood chips or dried sawdust will immediately impact the local
economy since the fuel is planned for production on Prince of Wales Island;
Purchase of wood pellets will impact the regional economy, with pellet production
currently operational in Ketchikan, AK;
Decreased dependence on imported oil by replacing 10,800 to 18,600 gallons of #1 fuel
oil with renewable biomass fuel;
A hedge against volatility of the fossil fuel market;
As Klawock City Schools continues to pursue biomass energy options, WES Energy &
Environment recommends that the next level of evaluation includes detailed consideration of
the following items:
Siting of the biomass plant and fuel storage.
Biomass system capital costs based on detailed site investigations, initial plant layout
and design, and direct quotes from manufacturers.
Alternative funding sources (low interest loans, grants, and incentives).
Biomass Prefeasibility Report Date: August 26, 2014 Klawock School District
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Source:
http://www.woodboilers.com/products/pellet‐
boilers/froling‐p4‐pellet.html
6.0 GENERAL BIOMASS TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION
This section describes technologies that can be used for efficiently using wood for space
heating and domestic hot water heating. Manufacturers of each technology are available both
domestically and abroad. A partial list of manufacturers is provided for technologies and does
not constitute an endorsement. Other manufacturers are available and individual
investigations should be completed prior to purchase. Local codes and regulations may require
modifications or additional components for compliance depending on the system considered.
High Efficiency Indoor Wood Pellet Boiler
High efficiency indoor wood pellet boilers utilize
premium wood pellets as a renewable biomass fuel
source for hot water space heating systems. Wood
pellets are automatically fed from an adjacent storage
hopper into the firebox based on heating demand.
Efficiencies can exceed 80% when coupled with a hot
water thermal storage system that allows the boiler to
operate at high fire to charge the hot water thermal
storage tank. Multiple boilers can be operated to
increase heating capacity. Equipment costs can vary
depending on the heating capacity required. Annual
savings can range from $3,000 to $6,000 per year based
on a facility using 5,000 gallons of #1 fuel oil per year at
current prices. Manual and automatic hopper loading is
available. Ash removal is manual. A partial list of
manufacturers include ACT Bioenergy, Froling, MESys,
Evo World, Windhager, Kedel, and Wood Master.
High Efficiency Indoor Cord Wood Boiler
High efficiency indoor cordwood boilers utilize split
cordwood as a renewable biomass fuel source for hot
water space heating systems. Efficiencies can exceed
70% when coupled with a hot water thermal storage
system that allows the cordwood boiler to operate at
high fire to charge the hot water thermal storage tank.
Equipment costs can range from $7,000 to $15,000 plus
installation. Annual savings can range from $1,800 to
$2,200 per year based on an average building using
1,500 gallons of #1 fuel oil per year at current prices.
Manual loading and ash removal are required. A partial
list of manufacturers include Wood Gun, Econoburn,
Froling, Windhager, and Wood Master.
Source:
http://www.woodboilers.com/product
s/woodboilers/froeling‐fhg.html
Biomass Prefeasibility Report Date: August 26, 2014 Klawock School District
FINAL Klawock, Alaska
WES Energy & Environment
Page 31 of 32
Source:
http://www.afsenergy.com/Biomass%20Energy.htm
Advanced Biomass Combustion Units and Boilers
Advanced biomass combustion units and boilers are
typically an engineered product capable of firing on
wood chips, saw mill residue, wood pellets, and saw
dust. Fuel is typically delivered in bulk semi‐trailer
loads and automatically conveyed to the
combustion unit. Efficiencies can exceed 70% when
coupled with a hot water thermal storage system.
Emission controls are typically required to clean up
exhaust gasses. Capital costs are high and vary
depending on many factors. Annual fuel cost savings
can range from $100,000 to $120,000 per year
based on a facility using 50,000 gallons of #1 fuel oil
per year at current prices. The greater the fossil fuel
costs and usage the greater the savings to pay back
capital costs. A partial list of manufacturers include
Viessman, ACT Bioenergy, Froling, MESys, Evo
World, Wood Master, Messersmith Manufacturing,
AFS Energy Systems, Solagen, Wellons FEI, and Hurst.
Hot Water Thermal Storage System
Thermal storage tanks, also known as accumulator
tanks or buffer tanks, can raise the efficiency of hot
water heating systems firing on wood. Solid fuels
burn more efficiently at higher firing rates than at
lower rates or idle modes where the fuel smolders,
smokes, and wastes energy. Hot water thermal
storage allows the solid fuel boiler to fire efficiently
at full output to store the heat at elevated
temperatures in storage tanks. For optimum
operation a mixing valve is installed to blend cold
water returning from the facility with hot water
stored in the thermal storage tank. Hot water is sent
back to the facility at a temperature that is lower
than the storage tanks, providing heat storage and a
buffer for short periods of high demand. This
method of operation reduces: smoldering and
smoking from inefficient operation, fuel use,
creosote buildup, and the need for frequent stoking.
Source:
http://www.viessmann‐
us.com/en/District_Heating/Products/dhw/Stor
age_Tanks.html
Biomass Prefeasibility Report Date: August 26, 2014 Klawock School District
FINAL Klawock, Alaska
WES Energy & Environment
Page 32 of 32
Source:
WES Energy & Environment File Photo
District Piping Systems
It can often be cost effective to connect multiple
buildings to one central wood fired heating plant.
Long runs of buried piping can be installed cost
effectively using pre‐insulated PEX piping. It is
important to use factory injected close cell foam
insulation with a High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
insulation jacket to prevent the insulation from being
compromised from ground water or leaks. Pipe sizes
can range from 3/4” to 5” with roll lengths up to 600
feet. Pipe material costs can be more expensive than
traditional iron pipe, however installation costs can
be reduced due to longer runs between splices and
connections.
Biomass Prefeasibility Report Date: August 26, 2014 Klawock School District
FINAL Klawock, Alaska
WES Energy & Environment
Appendix A
Conceptual Drawings
SCALE100'0'50' 100'Klawock City School DistrictWESEE Klawock City School
Klawock, AK
Site Plan
SCALE50'0'25' 50'Options 1A & 1BOptions 2A & 2BOptions 3A & 3BNew BoilerSystemWESEE Klawock City School
Klawock, AK
Piping Run Diagram
Hot Water Supply PipeHot Water Return PipeExisting SchoolPackagedBoiler UnitConcretePadBoiler(Typ.)MeteringBin (Typ.)Fuel StorageStack (Typ.)Fuel AugerFuel HopperConcretePadSCALE5'0'2.5' 5'Existing RollUp DoorWESEE Klawock City School
Klawock, AK
Option 1A Plan ViewNote: This drawing is a conceptual plan view for the purposesof showing a general biomass system arrangement. Equipment,final sizing, and pressures will vary depending on the engineer,manufacturer and contractor installing the biomass system.
To ExistingHeating System500 GallonThermalStorage TankBoiler Protection ValveValve to be controlled to maintainat least 140° to boilers.VFDTTTIVariable Frequency DriveTemperature TransmitterPumpThree Way Mixing ValveLegendFrom ExistingHeating SystemTTTIVFDTemperature IndicatorTTTITo SchoolBoiler RoomFrom SchoolBoiler Room150,000 Bth/hrBiomass Boiler150,000 Bth/hrBiomass BoilerFrom LoadTo LoadExisting943,000 Btu/hrFuel Oil BoilerExisting943,000 Btu/hrFuel Oil BoilerWESEE Klawock City School
Klawock, AK
Option 1A SchematicNote: This drawing is a conceptual schematic for the purposesof showing a general biomass system arrangement. Equipment,final sizing, and pressures will vary depending on the engineer,manufacturer and contractor installing the biomass system.
Fuel ConveyorFuelAugerOvers BinBiomass
Boiler Metering BinExisting SchoolSCALE5'0'2.5' 5'Existing RollUp DoorStackRetaining WallFuelTrailerWESEE Klawock City School
Klawock, AK
Option 1B Plan ViewNote: This drawing is a conceptual plan view for the purposesof showing a general biomass system arrangement. Equipment,final sizing, and pressures will vary depending on the engineer,manufacturer and contractor installing the biomass system.
To ExistingHeating System300,000 Btu/hrBiomass Boiler750 GallonThermalStorage TankVFDTTTIVariable Frequency DriveTemperature TransmitterPumpThree Way Mixing ValveLegendFrom ExistingHeating SystemTTTIVFDTemperature IndicatorTTTITo SchoolBoiler RoomFrom SchoolBoiler RoomFrom LoadTo LoadExisting943,000 Btu/hrFuel Oil BoilerExisting943,000 Btu/hrFuel Oil BoilerBoiler Protection ValveValve to be controlled to maintainat least 140° to boilers.WESEE Klawock City School
Klawock, AK
Option 1B SchematicNote: This drawing is a conceptual schematic for the purposesof showing a general biomass system arrangement. Equipment,final sizing, and pressures will vary depending on the engineer,manufacturer and contractor installing the biomass system.
PackagedBoiler UnitBoiler(Typ.)MeteringBin (Typ.)Fuel StorageStack (Typ.)Fuel AugerFuel HopperConcretePadHot Water Supply PipeHot Water Return PipeExisting SchoolSCALE5'0'2.5' 5'Existing RollUp DoorConcretePadWESEE Klawock City School
Klawock, AK
Option 2A Plan ViewNote: This drawing is a conceptual plan view for the purposesof showing a general biomass system arrangement. Equipment,final sizing, and pressures will vary depending on the engineer,manufacturer and contractor installing the biomass system.
To ExistingHeating System750 GallonThermalStorage TankVFDTTTIVariable Frequency DriveTemperature TransmitterPumpThree Way Mixing ValveLegendFrom ExistingHeating SystemTTTIVFDTemperature IndicatorTTTITo SchoolBoiler RoomFrom SchoolBoiler Room170,000 Btu/hrBiomass Boiler170,000 Btu/hrBiomass Boiler170,000 Btu/hrBiomass BoilerFrom LoadTo LoadExisting943,000 Btu/hrFuel Oil BoilerExisting943,000 Btu/hrFuel Oil BoilerFrom GymTo GymBoiler Protection ValveValve to be controlled to maintainat least 140° to boilers.WESEE Klawock City School
Klawock, AK
Option 2A SchematicNote: This drawing is a conceptual schematic for the purposesof showing a general biomass system arrangement. Equipment,final sizing, and pressures will vary depending on the engineer,manufacturer and contractor installing the biomass system.
Fuel ConveyorFuelAugerOvers BinBiomass
Boiler Metering BinExisting SchoolSCALE5'0'2.5' 5'Existing RollUp DoorStackRetaining WallFuelTrailerWESEE Klawock City School
Klawock, AK
Option 2B Plan ViewNote: This drawing is a conceptual plan view for the purposesof showing a general biomass system arrangement. Equipment,final sizing, and pressures will vary depending on the engineer,manufacturer and contractor installing the biomass system.
To ExistingHeating System500,000 Btu/hrBiomass Boiler1,000 GallonThermalStorage TankVFDTTTIVariable Frequency DriveTemperature TransmitterPumpThree Way Mixing ValveLegendFrom ExistingHeating SystemTTTIVFDTemperature IndicatorTTTITo SchoolBoiler RoomFrom SchoolBoiler RoomFrom SchoolExisting943,000 Btu/hrFuel Oil BoilerExisting943,000 Btu/hrFuel Oil BoilerFrom GymTo GymTo SchoolBoiler Protection ValveValve to be controlled to maintainat least 140° to boilers.WESEE Klawock City School
Klawock, AK
Option 2B SchematicNote: This drawing is a conceptual schematic for the purposesof showing a general biomass system arrangement. Equipment,final sizing, and pressures will vary depending on the engineer,manufacturer and contractor installing the biomass system.
PackagedBoiler UnitConcretePadBoiler(Typ.)MeteringBin (Typ.)Fuel StorageStack (Typ.)Fuel AugerFuel HopperConcretePadHot Water Supply PipeHot Water Return PipeExisting SchoolExisting RollUp DoorSCALE5'0'2.5' 5'
WESEE Klawock City School
Klawock, AK
Option 3A Plan ViewNote: This drawing is a conceptual plan view for the purposesof showing a general biomass system arrangement. Equipment,final sizing, and pressures will vary depending on the engineer,manufacturer and contractor installing the biomass system.
To ExistingHeating System750 GallonThermalStorage TankVFDTTTIVariable Frequency DriveTemperature TransmitterPumpThree Way Mixing ValveLegendFrom ExistingHeating SystemTTTIVFDTemperature IndicatorTTTITo SchoolBoiler RoomFrom SchoolBoiler Room190,000 Btu/hrBiomass Boiler190,000 Btu/hrBiomass Boiler190,000 Btu/hrBiomass BoilerExisting943,000 Btu/hrFuel Oil BoilerExisting943,000 Btu/hrFuel Oil BoilerTo Gym AndModular BuildingsTo Gym AndModular BuildingsFrom SchoolTo SchoolBoiler Protection ValveValve to be controlled to maintainat least 140° to boilers.WESEE Klawock City School
Klawock, AK
Option 3A SchematicNote: This drawing is a conceptual schematic for the purposesof showing a general biomass system arrangement. Equipment,final sizing, and pressures will vary depending on the engineer,manufacturer and contractor installing the biomass system.
Fuel ConveyorFuelAugerOvers BinMetering BinExisting SchoolSCALE5'0'2.5' 5'Existing RollUp DoorRetaining WallBiomass
Boiler
StackFuelTrailerWESEE Klawock City School
Klawock, AK
Option 3B Plan ViewNote: This drawing is a conceptual plan view for the purposesof showing a general biomass system arrangement. Equipment,final sizing, and pressures will vary depending on the engineer,manufacturer and contractor installing the biomass system.
To ExistingHeating System500,000 Btu/hrBiomass Boiler1,000 GallonThermalStorage TankVFDTTTIVariable Frequency DriveTemperature TransmitterPumpThree Way Mixing ValveLegendFrom ExistingHeating SystemTTTIVFDTemperature IndicatorTTTITo SchoolBoiler RoomFrom SchoolBoiler RoomFrom SchoolTo SchoolExisting943,000 Btu/hrFuel Oil BoilerExisting943,000 Btu/hrFuel Oil BoilerTo Gym AndModular BuildingsTo Gym AndModular BuildingsBoiler Protection ValveValve to be controlled to maintainat least 140° to boilers.WESEE Klawock City School
Klawock, AK
Option 3B SchematicNote: This drawing is a conceptual schematic for the purposesof showing a general biomass system arrangement. Equipment,final sizing, and pressures will vary depending on the engineer,manufacturer and contractor installing the biomass system.
Biomass Prefeasibility Report Date: August 26, 2014 Klawock School District
FINAL Klawock, Alaska
WES Energy & Environment
Appendix B
Preliminary Capital Cost Estimates
Appendix B Klawock City Schools
Line Item Cost1&2
Two (2) ‐ 150,000 Btu/hr wood pellet hot water boilers
containerized 120,000$
45 ton storage bin 15,000$
Storage bin site work 5,000$
Thermal storage 500 gal with insulation 15,000$
Interconnection with existing boiler room, pumps, installation 10,000$
Electrical 15,000$
Mechanical 10,000$
Distribution Piping, 120 linear feet @ $200/linear foot 24,000$
Sub‐Total 214,000$
Contractor Profit 10%21,400$
Sub‐Total 235,400$
Contingency 10%23,540$
Sub‐Total 258,940$
Profesional Services 15%38,841$
Total 297,781$
Notes:
4 ‐ Estimate is based on competitive bidding.
Option 1a ‐ Conceptual Cost Estimate ‐ Main Building Wood Pellet Boilers
1 ‐ The boiler system is to be provided in a containerized pre‐packaged system. Output range is from ~0.045 ‐
0.3 mmBtu/hr. Pricing is based on a two‐boiler solution. There are multiple manufacturers that can provide
varying boiler sizes. Other boiler sizing combinations to meet a similar output range may also be selected.
3 ‐ Professional Services includes permitting, legal, engineering, & project management. (Assumed that
2 ‐ Assumes pipe route as shown. Connections should be evaluated in additional detail as the project moves
forward.
WES Energy & Environment
Appendix B Klawock City Schools
Line Item Value Units $/Unit Cost1&2
One (1) ‐ 300,000 Btu/hr dry wood fuel boiler (sawdust, chips, pellets), containerized 120,000$
Two 30' length by 8' wide self unloading trailers, freight, hydraulic unit 140,000$
80,000$
Earth removal, retaining wall, concrete floor 40,000$
Stick frame unloading bin poured concrete floor, 120 ft2 @ $100/ft2 12,000$
Two hydraulic cylinders, scrapes, and embedment 30,000$
Thermal storage 750 gal with insulation 17,500$
Interconnection with existing boiler room, pumps, installation 10,000$
Electrical 25,000$
Mechanical 20,000$
Distribution Piping, 120 linear feet @ $200/linear foot 24,000$
Sub‐Total 518,500$
Contractor Profit 10%51,850$
Sub‐Total 570,350$
Contingency 10%57,035$
Sub‐Total 627,385$
Profesional Services 15%94,108$
Total 721,493$
Notes:
4 ‐ Estimate is based on competitive bidding.
Option 1b ‐ Conceptual Cost Estimate ‐ Main Bulding Dry Fuel Boilers
1 ‐ The boiler system is to be provided in a containerized pre‐packaged system. Output range is from ~0.09 ‐
0.3 mmBtu/hr. Pricing is based on a one‐boiler solution. There are multiple manufacturers that can provide
varying boiler sizes. Other boiler sizing combinations to meet a similar output range may also be selected.
2 ‐ Assumes pipe route as shown. Connections should be evaluated in additional detail as the project moves
forward.
3 ‐ Professional Services includes permitting, legal, engineering, & project management. (Assumed that
minimal engineering is required.)
Material handling including vibrating conveyer, shaker screener, two metering bins and
conveyor augers
WES Energy Environment
Appendix B Klawock City Schools
Line Item Cost1&2
Three (3) ‐ 170,000 Btu/hr wood pellet hot water boilers
containerized 140,000$
45 ton storage bin 15,000$
Storage bin site work 5,000$
Thermal storage 750 gal with insulation 17,500$
Interconnection with existing boiler room, pumps, installation 10,000$
Electrical 20,000$
Mechanical 15,000$
Distribution Piping, 400 linear feet @ $200/linear foot 80,000$
Sub‐Total 302,500$
Contractor Profit 10%30,250$
Sub‐Total 332,750$
Contingency 10%33,275$
Sub‐Total 366,025$
Profesional Services 15%54,904$
Total 420,929$
Notes:
4 ‐ Estimate is based on competitive bidding.
Option 2a ‐ Conceptual Cost Estimate ‐ Main Building & Gymnasium
Wood Pellet Boilers
1 ‐ The boiler system is to be provided in a containerized pre‐packaged system. Output range is from ~0.051 ‐
0.51 mmBtu/hr. Pricing is based on a three‐boiler solution. There are multiple manufacturers that can
provide varying boiler sizes. Other boiler sizing combinations to meet a similar output range may also be
selected.
2 ‐ Assumes pipe route as shown. Connections should be evaluated in additional detail as the project moves
forward.
3 ‐ Professional Services includes permitting, legal, engineering, & project management. (Assumed that
WES Energy & Environment
Appendix B Klawock City Schools
Line Item Value Units $/Unit Cost1&2
One (1) ‐ 500,000 Btu/hr dry wood fuel boiler (sawdust, chips, pellets), containerized 140,000$
Two 30' length by 8' wide self unloading trailers, freight, hydraulic unit 140,000$
80,000$
Earth removal, retaining wall, concrete floor 40,000$
Stick frame unloading bin poured concrete floor, 120 ft2 @ $100/ft2 12,000$
Two hydraulic cylinders, scrapes, and embedment 30,000$
Thermal storage, 1,000 gallon with insulation 20,000$
Interconnection with existing boiler room, pumps, installation 20,000$
Electrical 30,000$
Mechanical 25,000$
Distribution Piping, 400 linear feet @ $200/linear foot 80,000$
Sub‐Total 617,000$
Contractor Profit 10%61,700$
Sub‐Total 678,700$
Contingency 10%67,870$
Sub‐Total 746,570$
Profesional Services 15%111,986$
Total 858,556$
Notes:
4 ‐ Estimate is based on competitive bidding.
Option 2b ‐ Conceptual Cost Estimate ‐ Main Bulding & Gymnasium
Dry Fuel Boilers
Material handling including vibrating conveyer, shaker screener, two metering bins and
conveyor augers
1 ‐ The boiler system is to be provided in a containerized pre‐packaged system. Output range is from ~0.15 ‐
0.5 mmBtu/hr. Pricing is based on a one‐boiler solution. There are multiple manufacturers that can provide
varying boiler sizes. Other boiler sizing combinations to meet a similar output range may also be selected.
2 ‐ Assumes pipe route as shown. Connections should be evaluated in additional detail as the project moves
forward.
3 ‐ Professional Services includes permitting, legal, engineering, & project management. (Assumed that
minimal engineering is required.)
WES Energy & Environment
Appendix B Klawock City Schools
Line Item Cost1&2
Three (3) ‐ 190,000 Btu/hr wood pellet hot water boilers
containerized 150,000$
45 ton storage bin 15,000$
Storage bin site work 5,000$
Thermal storage 750 gal with insulation 17,500$
Interconnection with existing boiler room, pumps, installation 20,000$
Hot water coils, interconnection with Modular Building furnaces, installation 40,000$
Electrical 35,000$
Mechanical 20,000$
Distribution Piping, 550 linear feet @ $200/linear foot 110,000$
Sub‐Total 412,500$
Contractor Profit 10%41,250$
Sub‐Total 453,750$
Contingency 10%45,375$
Sub‐Total 499,125$
Profesional Services 15%74,869$
Total 573,994$
Notes:
4 ‐ Estimate is based on competitive bidding.
Option 3a ‐ Conceptual Cost Estimate ‐ Main Building, Gymnasium, &
Modular Buildings Wood Pellet Boilers
1 ‐ The boiler system is to be provided in a containerized pre‐packaged system. Output range is from ~0.051 ‐
0.57 mmBtu/hr. Pricing is based on a three‐boiler solution. There are multiple manufacturers that can
provide varying boiler sizes. Other boiler sizing combinations to meet a similar output range may also be
selected.
2 ‐ Assumes pipe route as shown. Connections should be evaluated in additional detail as the project moves
forward.
3 ‐ Professional Services includes permitting, legal, engineering, & project management. (Assumed that
WES Energy & Environment
Appendix B Klawock City Schools
Line Item Value Units $/Unit Cost1&2
One (1) ‐ 500,000 Btu/hr dry wood fuel boiler (sawdust, chips, pellets), containerized 140,000$
Two 30' length by 8' wide self unloading trailers, freight, hydraulic unit 140,000$
80,000$
Earth removal, retaining wall, concrete floor 40,000$
Stick frame unloading bin poured concrete floor, 120 ft2 @ $100/ft2 12,000$
Two hydraulic cylinders, scrapes, and embedment 30,000$
Thermal storage, 1,000 gallon with insulation 20,000$
Interconnection with Gym boiler room, pumps, installation 20,000$
Interconnection with Modular Furnaces, installation 40,000$
Electrical 45,000$
Mechanical 30,000$
Distribution Piping, 550 linear feet @ $200/linear foot 110,000$
Sub‐Total 707,000$
Contractor Profit 10%70,700$
Sub‐Total 777,700$
Contingency 10%77,770$
Sub‐Total 855,470$
Profesional Services 15%128,321$
Total 983,791$
Notes:
4 ‐ Estimate is based on competitive bidding.
Option 3b ‐ Conceptual Cost Estimate ‐ Main Building, Gymnasium, &
Modular Buildings Dry Fuel Boilers
Material handling including vibrating conveyer, shaker screener, two metering bins and
conveyor augers
1 ‐ The boiler system is to be provided in a containerized pre‐packaged system. Output range is from ~0.15 ‐
0.5 mmBtu/hr. Pricing is based on a one‐boiler solution. There are multiple manufacturers that can provide
varying boiler sizes. Other boiler sizing combinations to meet a similar output range may also be selected.
2 ‐ Assumes pipe route as shown. Connections should be evaluated in additional detail as the project moves
forward.
3 ‐ Professional Services includes permitting, legal, engineering, & project management. (Assumed that
minimal engineering is required.)
WES Energy & Environment
Biomass Prefeasibility Report Date: August 26, 2014 Klawock School District
FINAL Klawock, Alaska
WES Energy & Environment
Appendix C
20 Year Financing at 4% APR Cash Flow Analysis
Appendix COption 1a ‐ Main Building Wood Pellet Boilers20 Year, 4% FinancingKlawock City SchoolsInput Variables Value Units Year #1 Fuel Oil Cost, Current System Wood Pellet Cost #1 Fuel Oil Cost, w/ Wood System Added O&M Cost Net Operating Savings Annual Financing Payment Net Cash Flow Present Value of Cash Flow Project Costs Financed297,781 $1 49,200$ (34,320)$ (2,464)$ (4,360)$ 8,056$ (21,911)$ (13,855)$ (13,855)$ Financing Term20 # years 2 50,824$ (35,350)$ (2,545)$ (4,491)$ 8,438$ (21,911)$ (13,473)$ (13,081)$ Financing Rate (apr)4.0% Percent 3 52,501$ (36,410)$ (2,629)$ (4,626)$ 8,836$ (21,911)$ (13,075)$ (12,325)$ Current #1 Fuel Oil Usage12,000 gal4 54,233$ (37,502)$ (2,716)$ (4,764)$ 9,250$ (21,911)$ (12,661)$ (11,586)$ Year 1 #1 Fuel Oil Average Price$4.10 $/gal 5 56,023$ (38,627)$ (2,806)$ (4,907)$ 9,683$ (21,911)$ (12,229)$ (10,865)$ Proposed Annual Wood Pellet Usage104 tons/yr 6 57,872$ (39,786)$ (2,898)$ (5,054)$ 10,133$ (21,911)$ (11,779)$ (10,160)$ Year 1 Wood Pellet Purchase Price$330 $/ton 7 59,782$ (40,980)$ (2,994)$ (5,206)$ 10,602$ (21,911)$ (11,310)$ (9,472)$ Annual #1 Fuel Oil Usage w/ Wood System601 gal/yr 8 61,754$ (42,209)$ (3,093)$ (5,362)$ 11,090$ (21,911)$ (10,821)$ (8,799)$ Fossil Fuel Inflation Rate (apr)3.3% Percent 9 63,792$ (43,476)$ (3,195)$ (5,523)$ 11,599$ (21,911)$ (10,313)$ (8,141)$ Wood Pellet Inflation Rate (apr)3.0% Percent 10 65,897$ (44,780)$ (3,300)$ (5,689)$ 12,128$ (21,911)$ (9,783)$ (7,498)$ O&M Inflation Rate3.0% Percent 11 68,072$ (46,123)$ (3,409)$ (5,859)$ 12,680$ (21,911)$ (9,231)$ (6,869)$ Discount Rate (apr)3.0% Percent 12 70,318$ (47,507)$ (3,522)$ (6,035)$ 13,254$ (21,911)$ (8,657)$ (6,254)$ Added Annual O&M Costs for Biomass Plant 4,360$ $/yr 13 72,639$ (48,932)$ (3,638)$ (6,216)$ 13,852$ (21,911)$ (8,059)$ (5,652)$ 14 75,036$ (50,400)$ (3,758)$ (6,403)$ 14,475$ (21,911)$ (7,436)$ (5,064)$ 15 77,512$ (51,912)$ (3,882)$ (6,595)$ 15,123$ (21,911)$ (6,788)$ (4,488)$ 1680,070$ (53,469)$ (4,010)$ (6,793)$ 15,798$ (21,911)$ (6,114)$ (3,924)$ 17 82,712$ (55,074)$ (4,143)$ (6,997)$ 16,500$ (21,911)$ (5,411)$ (3,372)$ 18 85,442$ (56,726)$ (4,279)$ (7,206)$ 17,230$ (21,911)$ (4,681)$ (2,832)$ 1988,261$ (58,428)$ (4,420)$ (7,423)$ 17,991$ (21,911)$ (3,920)$ (2,303)$ 2091,174$ (60,180)$ (4,566)$ (7,645)$ 18,782$ (21,911)$ (3,129)$ (1,784)$ Present Value (148,324)$ WES Energy & Environment
Appendix COption 1b ‐ Main Bulding Dry Fuel Boilers20 Year, 4% FinancingKlawock City SchoolsInput Variables Value Units Year #1 Fuel Oil Cost, Current System Dry Sawdust Cost #1 Fuel Oil Cost, w/ Wood System Added O&M Cost Net Operating Savings Annual Financing Payment Net Cash Flow Present Value of Cash Flow Project Costs Financed721,493 $1 49,200$ (14,520)$ (4,920)$ (6,220)$ 23,540$ (53,089)$ (29,549)$ (28,688)$ Financing Term20 # years 2 50,824$ (14,956)$ (5,082)$ (6,407)$ 24,379$ (53,089)$ (28,710)$ (27,062)$ Financing Rate (apr)4.0% Percent 3 52,501$ (15,404)$ (5,250)$ (6,599)$ 25,248$ (53,089)$ (27,841)$ (25,479)$ Current #1 Fuel Oil Usage12,000 gal4 54,233$ (15,866)$ (5,423)$ (6,797)$ 26,147$ (53,089)$ (26,942)$ (23,938)$ Year 1 #1 Fuel Oil Average Price$4.10 $/gal 5 56,023$ (16,342)$ (5,602)$ (7,001)$ 27,078$ (53,089)$ (26,011)$ (22,437)$ Proposed Annual Dry Sawdust Usage121 tons/yr 6 57,872$ (16,833)$ (5,787)$ (7,211)$ 28,041$ (53,089)$ (25,047)$ (20,977)$ Year 1 Dry Sawdust Purchase Price$120 $/ton 7 59,782$ (17,338)$ (5,978)$ (7,427)$ 29,039$ (53,089)$ (24,050)$ (19,555)$ Annual #1 Fuel Oil Usage w/ Wood System1,200 gal/yr 8 61,754$ (17,858)$ (6,175)$ (7,650)$ 30,071$ (53,089)$ (23,017)$ (18,170)$ Fossil Fuel Inflation Rate (apr)3.3% Percent 9 63,792$ (18,394)$ (6,379)$ (7,879)$ 31,140$ (53,089)$ (21,949)$ (16,822)$ Sawdust Inflation Rate (apr)3.0% Percent 10 65,897$ (18,945)$ (6,590)$ (8,116)$ 32,247$ (53,089)$ (20,842)$ (15,508)$ O&M Inflation Rate3.0% Percent 11 68,072$ (19,514)$ (6,807)$ (8,359)$ 33,392$ (53,089)$ (19,697)$ (14,229)$ Discount Rate (apr)3.0% Percent 12 70,318$ (20,099)$ (7,032)$ (8,610)$ 34,577$ (53,089)$ (18,511)$ (12,983)$ Added Annual O&M Costs for Biomass Plant 6,220$ $/yr 13 72,639$ (20,702)$ (7,264)$ (8,868)$ 35,805$ (53,089)$ (17,284)$ (11,770)$ 14 75,036$ (21,323)$ (7,504)$ (9,134)$ 37,075$ (53,089)$ (16,014)$ (10,587)$ 15 77,512$ (21,963)$ (7,751)$ (9,408)$ 38,390$ (53,089)$ (14,699)$ (9,435)$ 1680,070$ (22,622)$ (8,007)$ (9,691)$ 39,751$ (53,089)$ (13,338)$ (8,312)$ 17 82,712$ (23,300)$ (8,271)$ (9,981)$ 41,159$ (53,089)$ (11,929)$ (7,217)$ 18 85,442$ (23,999)$ (8,544)$ (10,281)$ 42,618$ (53,089)$ (10,471)$ (6,151)$ 1988,261$ (24,719)$ (8,826)$ (10,589)$ 44,127$ (53,089)$ (8,962)$ (5,111)$ 2091,174$ (25,461)$ (9,117)$ (10,907)$ 45,689$ (53,089)$ (7,400)$ (4,097)$ Present Value (308,527)$ WES Energy & Environment
Appendix COption 2a ‐ Main Building & Gymnasium Wood Pellet Boilers20 Year, 4% FinancingKlawock City SchoolsInput Variables Value Units Year #1 Fuel Oil Cost, Current System Wood Pellet Cost #1 Fuel Oil Cost, w/ Wood System Added O&M Cost Net Operating Savings Annual Financing Payment Net Cash Flow Present Value of Cash Flow Project Costs Financed 420,929 $ 1 73,800$ (53,130)$ (3,694)$ (5,650)$ 11,326$ (30,973)$ (19,647)$ (19,075)$ Financing Term20 # years 2 76,235$ (54,724)$ (3,816)$ (5,820)$ 11,876$ (30,973)$ (19,097)$ (18,000)$ Financing Rate (apr)4.0% Percent 3 78,751$ (56,366)$ (3,942)$ (5,994)$ 12,450$ (30,973)$ (18,523)$ (16,951)$ Current #1 Fuel Oil Usage18,000 gal4 81,350$ (58,057)$ (4,072)$ (6,174)$ 13,047$ (30,973)$ (17,925)$ (15,926)$ Year 1 #1 Fuel Oil Average Price$4.10 $/gal 5 84,035$ (59,798)$ (4,206)$ (6,359)$ 13,671$ (30,973)$ (17,302)$ (14,925)$ Proposed Annual Wood Pellet Usage161 tons/yr 6 86,808$ (61,592)$ (4,345)$ (6,550)$ 14,320$ (30,973)$ (16,652)$ (13,946)$ Year 1 Wood Pellet Purchase Price$330 $/ton 7 89,672$ (63,440)$ (4,489)$ (6,746)$ 14,997$ (30,973)$ (15,975)$ (12,989)$ Annual #1 Fuel Oil Usage w/ Wood System901 gal/yr 8 92,631$ (65,343)$ (4,637)$ (6,949)$ 15,703$ (30,973)$ (15,270)$ (12,054)$ Fossil Fuel Inflation Rate (apr)3.3% Percent 9 95,688$ (67,303)$ (4,790)$ (7,157)$ 16,438$ (30,973)$ (14,535)$ (11,140)$ Wood Pellet Inflation Rate (apr)3.0% Percent 10 98,846$ (69,323)$ (4,948)$ (7,372)$ 17,204$ (30,973)$ (13,769)$ (10,245)$ O&M Inflation Rate3.0% Percent 11 102,108$ (71,402)$ (5,111)$ (7,593)$ 18,001$ (30,973)$ (12,971)$ (9,371)$ Discount Rate (apr)3.0% Percent 12 105,478$ (73,544)$ (5,280)$ (7,821)$ 18,833$ (30,973)$ (12,140)$ (8,515)$ Added Annual O&M Costs for Biomass Plant 5,650$ $/yr 13 108,958$ (75,751)$ (5,454)$ (8,056)$ 19,698$ (30,973)$ (11,275)$ (7,677)$ 14 112,554$ (78,023)$ (5,634)$ (8,297)$ 20,600$ (30,973)$ (10,373)$ (6,858)$ 15 116,268$ (80,364)$ (5,820)$ (8,546)$ 21,538$ (30,973)$ (9,434)$ (6,056)$ 16120,105$ (82,775)$ (6,012)$ (8,803)$ 22,516$ (30,973)$ (8,457)$ (5,270)$ 17 124,068$ (85,258)$ (6,210)$ (9,067)$ 23,534$ (30,973)$ (7,439)$ (4,501)$ 18 128,163$ (87,816)$ (6,415)$ (9,339)$ 24,593$ (30,973)$ (6,380)$ (3,747)$ 19132,392$ (90,450)$ (6,627)$ (9,619)$ 25,696$ (30,973)$ (5,277)$ (3,009)$ 20136,761$ (93,164)$ (6,846)$ (9,907)$ 26,844$ (30,973)$ (4,128)$ (2,286)$ Present Value (202,542)$ WES Energy & Environment
Appendix COption 2b ‐ Main Bulding & Gymnasium Dry Fuel Boilers20 Year, 4% FinancingKlawock City SchoolsInput Variables Value Units Year #1 Fuel Oil Cost, Current System Dry Sawdust Cost #1 Fuel Oil Cost, w/ Wood System Added O&M Cost Net Operating Savings Annual Financing Payment Net Cash Flow Present Value of Cash Flow Project Costs Financed858,556 $1 73,800$ (22,560)$ (7,380)$ (7,430)$ 36,430$ (63,174)$ (26,744)$ (25,965)$ Financing Term20 # years 2 76,235$ (23,237)$ (7,624)$ (7,653)$ 37,722$ (63,174)$ (25,452)$ (23,991)$ Financing Rate (apr)4.0% Percent 3 78,751$ (23,934)$ (7,875)$ (7,882)$ 39,060$ (63,174)$ (24,114)$ (22,068)$ Current #1 Fuel Oil Usage18,000 gal4 81,350$ (24,652)$ (8,135)$ (8,119)$ 40,444$ (63,174)$ (22,730)$ (20,195)$ Year 1 #1 Fuel Oil Average Price$4.10 $/gal 5 84,035$ (25,391)$ (8,403)$ (8,363)$ 41,877$ (63,174)$ (21,297)$ (18,371)$ Proposed Annual Dry Sawdust Usage188 tons/yr 6 86,808$ (26,153)$ (8,681)$ (8,613)$ 43,360$ (63,174)$ (19,814)$ (16,594)$ Year 1 Dry Sawdust Purchase Price$120 $/ton 7 89,672$ (26,938)$ (8,967)$ (8,872)$ 44,895$ (63,174)$ (18,279)$ (14,862)$ Annual #1 Fuel Oil Usage w/ Wood System1,800 gal/yr 8 92,631$ (27,746)$ (9,263)$ (9,138)$ 46,484$ (63,174)$ (16,690)$ (13,175)$ Fossil Fuel Inflation Rate (apr)3.3% Percent 9 95,688$ (28,578)$ (9,569)$ (9,412)$ 48,129$ (63,174)$ (15,045)$ (11,531)$ Sawdust Inflation Rate (apr)3.0% Percent 10 98,846$ (29,436)$ (9,885)$ (9,694)$ 49,831$ (63,174)$ (13,343)$ (9,928)$ O&M Inflation Rate3.0% Percent 11 102,108$ (30,319)$ (10,211)$ (9,985)$ 51,593$ (63,174)$ (11,581)$ (8,366)$ Discount Rate (apr)3.0% Percent 12 105,478$ (31,228)$ (10,548)$ (10,285)$ 53,417$ (63,174)$ (9,757)$ (6,844)$ Added Annual O&M Costs for Biomass Plant 7,430$ $/yr 13 108,958$ (32,165)$ (10,896)$ (10,593)$ 55,304$ (63,174)$ (7,870)$ (5,359)$ 14 112,554$ (33,130)$ (11,255)$ (10,911)$ 57,257$ (63,174)$ (5,917)$ (3,912)$ 15 116,268$ (34,124)$ (11,627)$ (11,239)$ 59,279$ (63,174)$ (3,895)$ (2,500)$ 16120,105$ (35,148)$ (12,011)$ (11,576)$ 61,371$ (63,174)$ (1,803)$ (1,124)$ 17 124,068$ (36,202)$ (12,407)$ (11,923)$ 63,536$ (63,174)$ 362$ 219$ 18 128,163$ (37,288)$ (12,816)$ (12,281)$ 65,778$ (63,174)$ 2,604$ 1,529$ 19132,392$ (38,407)$ (13,239)$ (12,649)$ 68,097$ (63,174)$ 4,923$ 2,807$ 20136,761$ (39,559)$ (13,676)$ (13,029)$ 70,497$ (63,174)$ 7,323$ 4,055$ Present Value (196,174)$ WES Energy & Environment
Appendix COption 3a ‐ Main Building, Gymnasium, & Modular Buildings Wood Pellet Boilers20 Year, 4% FinancingKlawock City SchoolsInput Variables Value Units Year #1 Fuel Oil Cost, Current System Wood Pellet Cost #1 Fuel Oil Cost, w/ Wood System Added O&M Cost Net Operating Savings Annual Financing Payment Net Cash Flow Present Value of Cash Flow Project Costs Financed 573,994 $ 1 80,360$ (58,740)$ (4,022)$ (6,820)$ 10,778$ (42,235)$ (31,458)$ (30,541)$ Financing Term20 # years 2 83,012$ (60,502)$ (4,155)$ (7,025)$ 11,330$ (42,235)$ (30,905)$ (29,131)$ Financing Rate (apr)4.0% Percent 3 85,751$ (62,317)$ (4,292)$ (7,235)$ 11,907$ (42,235)$ (30,329)$ (27,755)$ Current #1 Fuel Oil Usage19,600 gal4 88,581$ (64,187)$ (4,434)$ (7,452)$ 12,508$ (42,235)$ (29,727)$ (26,412)$ Year 1 #1 Fuel Oil Average Price$4.10 $/gal 5 91,504$ (66,112)$ (4,580)$ (7,676)$ 13,136$ (42,235)$ (29,099)$ (25,101)$ Proposed Annual Wood Pellet Usage178 tons/yr 6 94,524$ (68,096)$ (4,731)$ (7,906)$ 13,791$ (42,235)$ (28,445)$ (23,822)$ Year 1 Wood Pellet Purchase Price$330 $/ton 7 97,643$ (70,139)$ (4,887)$ (8,143)$ 14,474$ (42,235)$ (27,762)$ (22,573)$ Annual #1 Fuel Oil Usage w/ Wood System981 gal/yr 8 100,865$ (72,243)$ (5,048)$ (8,388)$ 15,186$ (42,235)$ (27,049)$ (21,353)$ Fossil Fuel Inflation Rate (apr)3.3% Percent 9 104,194$ (74,410)$ (5,215)$ (8,639)$ 15,929$ (42,235)$ (26,306)$ (20,161)$ Wood Pellet Inflation Rate (apr)3.0% Percent 10 107,632$ (76,642)$ (5,387)$ (8,899)$ 16,704$ (42,235)$ (25,531)$ (18,998)$ O&M Inflation Rate3.0% Percent 11 111,184$ (78,942)$ (5,565)$ (9,166)$ 17,512$ (42,235)$ (24,723)$ (17,861)$ Discount Rate (apr)3.0% Percent 12 114,853$ (81,310)$ (5,749)$ (9,440)$ 18,354$ (42,235)$ (23,881)$ (16,750)$ Added Annual O&M Costs for Biomass Plant 6,820$ $/yr 13 118,643$ (83,749)$ (5,938)$ (9,724)$ 19,232$ (42,235)$ (23,003)$ (15,664)$ 14 122,559$ (86,262)$ (6,134)$ (10,015)$ 20,147$ (42,235)$ (22,088)$ (14,603)$ 15 126,603$ (88,850)$ (6,337)$ (10,316)$ 21,101$ (42,235)$ (21,134)$ (13,565)$ 16130,781$ (91,515)$ (6,546)$ (10,625)$ 22,095$ (42,235)$ (20,141)$ (12,551)$ 17 135,097$ (94,260)$ (6,762)$ (10,944)$ 23,131$ (42,235)$ (19,105)$ (11,559)$ 18 139,555$ (97,088)$ (6,985)$ (11,272)$ 24,209$ (42,235)$ (18,026)$ (10,588)$ 19144,160$ (100,001)$ (7,215)$ (11,611)$ 25,333$ (42,235)$ (16,902)$ (9,639)$ 20148,918$ (103,001)$ (7,453)$ (11,959)$ 26,504$ (42,235)$ (15,731)$ (8,710)$ Present Value (377,337)$ WES Energy & Environment
Appendix COption 3b ‐ Main Building, Gymnasium, & Modular Buildings Dry Fuel Boilers20 Year, 4% FinancingKlawock City SchoolsInput Variables Value Units Year #1 Fuel Oil Cost, Current System Dry Sawdust Cost #1 Fuel Oil Cost, w/ Wood System Added O&M Cost Net Operating Savings Annual Financing Payment Net Cash Flow Present Value of Cash Flow Project Costs Financed983,791 $1 80,360$ (24,960)$ (8,036)$ (7,530)$ 39,834$ (72,389)$ (32,555)$ (31,607)$ Financing Term20 # years 2 83,012$ (25,709)$ (8,301)$ (7,756)$ 41,246$ (72,389)$ (31,143)$ (29,355)$ Financing Rate (apr)4.0% Percent 3 85,751$ (26,480)$ (8,575)$ (7,989)$ 42,708$ (72,389)$ (29,682)$ (27,163)$ Current #1 Fuel Oil Usage19,600 gal4 88,581$ (27,274)$ (8,858)$ (8,228)$ 44,220$ (72,389)$ (28,169)$ (25,028)$ Year 1 #1 Fuel Oil Average Price$4.10 $/gal 5 91,504$ (28,093)$ (9,150)$ (8,475)$ 45,786$ (72,389)$ (26,603)$ (22,948)$ Proposed Annual Dry Sawdust Usage208 tons/yr 6 94,524$ (28,935)$ (9,452)$ (8,729)$ 47,407$ (72,389)$ (24,982)$ (20,922)$ Year 1 Dry Sawdust Purchase Price$120 $/ton 7 97,643$ (29,804)$ (9,764)$ (8,991)$ 49,084$ (72,389)$ (23,305)$ (18,949)$ Annual #1 Fuel Oil Usage w/ Wood System1,960 gal/yr 8 100,865$ (30,698)$ (10,087)$ (9,261)$ 50,820$ (72,389)$ (21,569)$ (17,027)$ Fossil Fuel Inflation Rate (apr)3.3% Percent 9 104,194$ (31,619)$ (10,419)$ (9,539)$ 52,617$ (72,389)$ (19,772)$ (15,153)$ Sawdust Inflation Rate (apr)3.0% Percent 10 107,632$ (32,567)$ (10,763)$ (9,825)$ 54,477$ (72,389)$ (17,912)$ (13,328)$ O&M Inflation Rate3.0% Percent 11 111,184$ (33,544)$ (11,118)$ (10,120)$ 56,402$ (72,389)$ (15,987)$ (11,549)$ Discount Rate (apr)3.0% Percent 12 114,853$ (34,550)$ (11,485)$ (10,423)$ 58,394$ (72,389)$ (13,995)$ (9,816)$ Added Annual O&M Costs for Biomass Plant 7,530$ $/yr 13 118,643$ (35,587)$ (11,864)$ (10,736)$ 60,456$ (72,389)$ (11,933)$ (8,126)$ 14 122,559$ (36,655)$ (12,256)$ (11,058)$ 62,590$ (72,389)$ (9,799)$ (6,478)$ 15126,603$ (37,754)$ (12,660)$ (11,390)$ 64,799$ (72,389)$ (7,590)$ (4,872)$ 16130,781$ (38,887)$ (13,078)$ (11,731)$ 67,085$ (72,389)$ (5,304)$ (3,306)$ 17 135,097$ (40,053)$ (13,510)$ (12,083)$ 69,450$ (72,389)$ (2,939)$ (1,778)$ 18 139,555$ (41,255)$ (13,955)$ (12,446)$ 71,898$ (72,389)$ (491)$ (288)$ 19144,160$ (42,493)$ (14,416)$ (12,819)$ 74,432$ (72,389)$ 2,043$ 1,165$ 20148,918$ (43,768)$ (14,892)$ (13,204)$ 77,054$ (72,389)$ 4,665$ 2,583$ Present Value (263,944)$ WES Energy & Environment
Biomass Prefeasibility Report Date: August 26, 2014 Klawock School District
FINAL Klawock, Alaska
WES Energy & Environment
Appendix D
Sensitivity Analysis of Estimated Annual Operating Savings
to Oil and Biomass Fuel Prices
Appendix DOption 1a ‐ Main Building Wood Pellet BoilersSensitivity Analysis of 1st Year Operating Savings to Fuel CostsKlawock City Schools8,056$ $3.50 $3.75 $4.00 $4.10 $4.25 $4.50 $4.75 $5.00$225$12,137 $14,986 $17,836 $18,976 $20,686 $23,536 $26,385 $29,235$250$9,537 $12,386 $15,236 $16,376 $18,086 $20,936 $23,785 $26,635$275$6,937 $9,786 $12,636 $13,776 $15,486 $18,336 $21,185 $24,035$300$4,337 $7,186 $10,036 $11,176 $12,886 $15,736 $18,585 $21,435$330$1,217 $4,066 $6,916 $8,056 $9,766 $12,616 $15,465 $18,315$350($864) $1,986 $4,836 $5,976 $7,686 $10,536 $13,385 $16,235$375($3,464) ($614) $2,236 $3,376 $5,086 $7,936 $10,785 $13,635*Note: Excludes financing costs.Price of Fuel Oil per GallonPrice of Wood Pellets per TonWES Energy & Environment
Appendix DOption 1b ‐ Main Bulding Dry Fuel BoilersSensitivity Analysis of 1st Year Operating Savings to Fuel CostsKlawock City Schools23,540$ $3.50 $3.75 $4.00 $4.10 $4.25 $4.50 $4.75 $5.00$25$28,555 $31,255 $33,955 $35,035 $36,655 $39,355 $42,055 $44,755$50$25,530 $28,230 $30,930 $32,010 $33,630 $36,330 $39,030 $41,730$75$22,505 $25,205 $27,905 $28,985 $30,605 $33,305 $36,005 $38,705$100$19,480 $22,180 $24,880 $25,960 $27,580 $30,280 $32,980 $35,680$120$17,060 $19,760 $22,460 $23,540 $25,160 $27,860 $30,560 $33,260$150$13,430 $16,130 $18,830 $19,910 $21,530 $24,230 $26,930 $29,630$175$10,405 $13,105 $15,805 $16,885 $18,505 $21,205 $23,905 $26,605*Note: Excludes financing costs.Price of Fuel Oil per GallonPrice of Wood Pellets per TonWES Energy & Environment
Appendix DOption 2a ‐ Main Building & Gymnasium Wood Pellet BoilersSensitivity Analysis of 1st Year Operating Savings to Fuel CostsKlawock City Schools11,326$ $3.50 $3.75 $4.00 $4.10 $4.25 $4.50 $4.75 $5.00$225$17,972 $22,246 $26,521 $28,231 $30,796 $35,071 $39,345 $43,620$250$13,947 $18,221 $22,496 $24,206 $26,771 $31,046 $35,320 $39,595$275$9,922 $14,196 $18,471 $20,181 $22,746 $27,021 $31,295 $35,570$300$5,897 $10,171 $14,446 $16,156 $18,721 $22,996 $27,270 $31,545$330$1,067 $5,341 $9,616 $11,326 $13,891 $18,166 $22,440 $26,715$350($2,154) $2,121 $6,396 $8,106 $10,671 $14,946 $19,220 $23,495$375($6,179) ($1,904) $2,371 $4,081 $6,646 $10,921 $15,195 $19,470*Note: Excludes financing costs.Price of Fuel Oil per GallonPrice of Wood Pellets ‐ per TonWES Energy & Environment
Appendix DOption 2b ‐ Main Bulding & Gymnasium Dry Fuel BoilersSensitivity Analysis of 1st Year Operating Savings to Fuel CostsKlawock City Schools36,430$ $3.50 $3.75 $4.00 $4.10 $4.25 $4.50 $4.75 $5.00$25$44,570 $48,620 $52,670 $54,290 $56,720 $60,770 $64,820 $68,870$50$39,870 $43,920 $47,970 $49,590 $52,020 $56,070 $60,120 $64,170$75$35,170 $39,220 $43,270 $44,890 $47,320 $51,370 $55,420 $59,470$100$30,470 $34,520 $38,570 $40,190 $42,620 $46,670 $50,720 $54,770$120$26,710 $30,760 $34,810 $36,430 $38,860 $42,910 $46,960 $51,010$150$21,070 $25,120 $29,170 $30,790 $33,220 $37,270 $41,320 $45,370$175$16,370 $20,420 $24,470 $26,090 $28,520 $32,570 $36,620 $40,670*Note: Excludes financing costs.Price of Fuel Oil per GallonPrice of Wood Pellets ‐ per TonWES Energy & Environment
Appendix DOption 3a ‐ Main Building, Gymnasium, & Modular Buildings Wood Pellet BoilersSensitivity Analysis of 1st Year Operating Savings to Fuel CostsKlawock City Schools10,778$ $3.50 $3.75 $4.00 $4.10 $4.25 $4.50 $4.75 $5.00$225$17,972 $22,246 $26,521 $28,231 $30,796 $35,071 $39,345 $43,620$250$13,947 $18,221 $22,496 $24,206 $26,771 $31,046 $35,320 $39,595$275$9,922 $14,196 $18,471 $20,181 $22,746 $27,021 $31,295 $35,570$300$5,897 $10,171 $14,446 $16,156 $18,721 $22,996 $27,270 $31,545$330$1,067 $5,341 $9,616 $11,326 $13,891 $18,166 $22,440 $26,715$350($2,154) $2,121 $6,396 $8,106 $10,671 $14,946 $19,220 $23,495$375($6,179) ($1,904) $2,371 $4,081 $6,646 $10,921 $15,195 $19,470*Note: Excludes financing costs.Price of Fuel Oil per GallonPrice of Wood Pellets ‐ per TonWES Energy & Environment
Appendix DOption 3b ‐ Main Building, Gymnasium, & Modular Buildings Dry Fuel BoilersSensitivity Analysis of 1st Year Operating Savings to Fuel CostsKlawock City Schoolsperating Sa$3.50 $3.75 $4.00 $4.10 $4.25 $4.50 $4.75 $5.00$25$44,570 $48,620 $52,670 $54,290 $56,720 $60,770 $64,820 $68,870$50$39,870 $43,920 $47,970 $49,590 $52,020 $56,070 $60,120 $64,170$75$35,170 $39,220 $43,270 $44,890 $47,320 $51,370 $55,420 $59,470$100$30,470 $34,520 $38,570 $40,190 $42,620 $46,670 $50,720 $54,770$120$26,710 $30,760 $34,810 $36,430 $38,860 $42,910 $46,960 $51,010$150$21,070 $25,120 $29,170 $30,790 $33,220 $37,270 $41,320 $45,370$175$16,370 $20,420 $24,470 $26,090 $28,520 $32,570 $36,620 $40,670*Note: Excludes financing costs.Price of Fuel Oil per GallonPrice of Wood Pellets ‐ per TonWES Energy & Environment
Biomass Prefeasibility Report Date: August 26, 2014 Klawock School District
FINAL Klawock, Alaska
WES Energy & Environment
Appendix E
Alaska Department of Education & Early Development
20 Year Life Cycle Cost Analysis
Life Cycle Cost Analysis - Summary
District:Klawock City Schools
School:Main Building and Gymnasium
Project:Biomass Heating System
Project #:N/A
Study Period:20
Discount Rate:3.00%
Alternate #1 Alternate #2 Alternate #3
Initial Investment Cost $0 $420,929 $858,556
Operations Cost $1,097,958 $906,891 $526,212
Maintenance & Repair Cost $7,439 $22,316 $29,755
Replacement Cost $74,409 $0 $0
Residual Value $0 $0 $0
Total Life Cycle Cost $1,179,806 $1,350,136 $1,414,522
GSF of Project 43,780 GSF 43,780 GSF 43,780 GSF
Initial Cost/GSF $0.00 $9.61 $19.61
LCC/GSF $26.95 $30.84 $32.31
Life Cycle Costs of Project Alternatives
1 of 1
Life Cycle Cost Analysis - Alternate #1 (Existing Oil Boilers)
District:Klawock City Schools
School:Main Building and Gymnasium
Project:Biomass Heating System
Project #:N/A
GSF:43,780 GSF
Quantity Unit Unit Cost Total Cost Years Present Value
Initial Expenses
Initial Investment Cost (one time start-up costs)
Construction Management 1 LPSM $0 $0 0 $0
Land Acquisition 1 LPSM $0 $0 0 $0
Site Investigation 1 LPSM $0 $0 0 $0
Design Services 1 LPSM $0 $0 0 $0
Construction 1 LPSM $0 $0 0 $0
Equipment 1 LPSM $0 $0 0 $0
Technology 1 LPSM $0 $0 0 $0
Indirect/Administration 1 LPSM $0 $0 0 $0
Art 1 LPSM $0 $0 0 $0
Contingency 1 LPSM $0 $0 0 $0
Future Expenses
Operations Cost (annual costs)
Heating Fuel 18,000 GALS $4.10 $73,800 20 $1,097,958
Electricity 0 KWH $0.23 $0 20 $0
Water and Sewer 0 LPSM $0 $0 20 $0
Garbage Disposal 0 LPSM $490 $0 20 $0
Custodial 0 LPSM $0 $0 20 $0
Grounds 0 LPSM $0 $0 20 $0
Lease 0 LPSM $0 $0 20 $0
Insurance 0 LPSM $0 $0 20 $0
Other 0 LPSM $330 $0 20 $0
Maintenance & Repair Cost (upkeep costs…estimate on annual basis)
Site Improvements 0 LPSM $0 $0 20 $0
Site Utilities 0 LPSM $0 $0 20 $0
Foundation/Substructure 0 GSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Superstructure 0 GSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Exterior Wall Systems 0 EWSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Exterior Windows 0 GLSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Exterior Doors 0 LEAF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Roof Systems 0 RFSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Interior Partitions 0 PTSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Interior Doors 0 LEAF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Interior Floor Finishes 0 FFSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Interior Wall Finishes 0 WFSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Interior Ceiling Finishes 0 CFSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Interior Specialities 0 GSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Conveying Systems 0 LPSM $0 $0 20 $0
Plumbing Piping 0 GSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Plumbing Fixtures 0 FIXT $0.00 $0 20 $0
Fire Protection Systems 0 GSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
HVAC Distribution 0 GSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
HVAC Equipment 1 LPSM $500 $500 20 $7,439
HVAC Controls 0 GSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Special Mechanical Systems 0 GSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
1 of 3
Life Cycle Cost Analysis - Alternate #1 (Existing Oil Boilers)
District:Klawock City Schools
School:Main Building and Gymnasium
Project:Biomass Heating System
Project #:N/A
GSF:43,780 GSF
Quantity Unit Unit Cost Total Cost Years Present Value
Electrical Service/Generation 0 LPSM $0 $0 20 $0
Electrical Distribution 0 GSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Electrical Lighting 0 GSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Special Electrical Systems 0 GSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Equipment & Furnishings 0 LPSM $1,500 $0 20 $0
Other 0 LPSM $0 $0 20 $0
Replacement Cost (scheduled replacement of building system or component)
Site Improvements 0 LPSM $0 $0 1 $0
Site Utilities 0 LPSM $0 $0 1 $0
Foundation/Substructure 0 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Superstructure 0 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Exterior Wall Systems 0 EWSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Exterior Windows 0 GLSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Exterior Doors 0 LEAF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Roof Systems 0 RFSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Interior Partitions 0 PTSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Interior Doors 0 LEAF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Interior Floor Finishes 0 FFSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Interior Wall Finishes 0 WFSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Interior Ceiling Finishes 0 CFSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Interior Specialities 0 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Conveying Systems 0 LPSM $0 $0 1 $0
Plumbing Piping 0 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Plumbing Fixtures 0 FIXT $0.00 $0 1 $0
Fire Protection Systems 0 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
HVAC Distribution 0 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
HVAC Equipment 1 LPSM $100,000 $100,000 10 $74,409
HVAC Controls 0 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Special Mechanical Systems 0 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Electrical Service/Generation 0 LPSM $0 $0 1 $0
Electrical Distribution 0 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Electrical Lighting 0 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Special Electrical Systems 0 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Equipment & Furnishings 0 LPSM $0 $0 1 $0
Other 0 LPSM $0 $0 1 $0
Residual Value (value of facility at end of study period)
Site Improvements 0 LPSM $0 $0 1 $0
Site Utilities 0 LPSM $0 $0 1 $0
Foundation/Substructure 0 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Superstructure 0 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Exterior Wall Systems 0 EWSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Exterior Windows 0 GLSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Exterior Doors 0 LEAF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Roof Systems 0 RFSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Interior Partitions 0 PTSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Interior Doors 0 LEAF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Interior Floor Finishes 0 FFSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Interior Wall Finishes 0 WFSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Interior Ceiling Finishes 0 CFSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Interior Specialities 0 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
2 of 3
Life Cycle Cost Analysis - Alternate #1 (Existing Oil Boilers)
District:Klawock City Schools
School:Main Building and Gymnasium
Project:Biomass Heating System
Project #:N/A
GSF:43,780 GSF
Quantity Unit Unit Cost Total Cost Years Present Value
Conveying Systems 0 LPSM $0 $0 1 $0
Plumbing Piping 0 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Plumbing Fixtures 0 FIXT $0.00 $0 1 $0
Fire Protection Systems 0 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
HVAC Distribution 0 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
HVAC Equipment 1 LPSM $50,000 $50,000 1 $0
HVAC Controls 0 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Special Mechanical Systems 0 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Electrical Service/Generation 0 LPSM $0 $0 1 $0
Electrical Distribution 0 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Electrical Lighting 0 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Special Electrical Systems 0 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Equipment & Furnishings 0 LPSM $0 $0 1 $0
Other 0 LPSM $0 $0 1 $0
Total Life Cycle of Alternate #1 $1,179,806
3 of 3
Life Cycle Cost Analysis - Alternate #2 (Opt. 2a Wood Pellet System)
District:Klawock City Schools
School:Main Building and Gymnasium
Project:Biomass Heating System
Project #:N/A
GSF:43,780 GSF
Quantity Unit Unit Cost Total Cost Years Present Value
Initial Expenses
Initial Investment Cost (one time start-up costs)
Construction Management 1 LPSM $18,301 $18,301 0 $18,301
Land Acquisition 1 LPSM $0 $0 0 $0
Site Investigation 1 LPSM $0 $0 0 $0
Design Services 1 LPSM $36,603 $36,603 0 $36,603
Construction 1 LPSM $80,250 $80,250 0 $80,250
Equipment 1 LPSM $252,500 $252,500 0 $252,500
Technology 1 LPSM $0 $0 0 $0
Indirect/Administration 1 LPSM $0 $0 0 $0
Art 1 LPSM $0 $0 0 $0
Contingency 1 LPSM $33,275 $33,275 0 $33,275
Future Expenses
Operations Cost (annual costs)
Heating Fuel 901 GALS $4.10 $3,694 20 $54,959
Electricity 15,840 KWH $0.23 $3,643 20 $54,202
Water and Sewer 0 LPSM $0 $0 20 $0
Garbage Disposal 1 LPSM $490 $490 20 $7,290
Custodial 0 LPSM $0 $0 20 $0
Grounds 0 LPSM $0 $0 20 $0
Lease 0 LPSM $0 $0 20 $0
Insurance 0 LPSM $0 $0 20 $0
Other 161 LPSM $330 $53,130 20 $790,440
Maintenance & Repair Cost (upkeep costs…estimate on annual basis)
Site Improvements 1 LPSM $0 $0 20 $0
Site Utilities 1 LPSM $0 $0 20 $0
Foundation/Substructure 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Superstructure 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Exterior Wall Systems 1 EWSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Exterior Windows 1 GLSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Exterior Doors 1 LEAF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Roof Systems 1 RFSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Interior Partitions 1 PTSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Interior Doors 1 LEAF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Interior Floor Finishes 1 FFSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Interior Wall Finishes 1 WFSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Interior Ceiling Finishes 1 CFSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Interior Specialities 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Conveying Systems 1 LPSM $0 $0 20 $0
Plumbing Piping 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Plumbing Fixtures 1 FIXT $0.00 $0 20 $0
Fire Protection Systems 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
HVAC Distribution 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
1 of 3
Life Cycle Cost Analysis - Alternate #2 (Opt. 2a Wood Pellet System)
District:Klawock City Schools
School:Main Building and Gymnasium
Project:Biomass Heating System
Project #:N/A
GSF:43,780 GSF
Quantity Unit Unit Cost Total Cost Years Present Value
HVAC Equipment 1 LPSM $0 $0 20 $0
HVAC Controls 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Special Mechanical Systems 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Electrical Service/Generation 1 LPSM $0 $0 20 $0
Electrical Distribution 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Electrical Lighting 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Special Electrical Systems 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Equipment & Furnishings 1 LPSM $1,500 $1,500 20 $22,316
Other 1 LPSM $0 $0 20 $0
Replacement Cost (scheduled replacement of building system or component)
Site Improvements 1 LPSM $0 $0 1 $0
Site Utilities 1 LPSM $0 $0 1 $0
Foundation/Substructure 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Superstructure 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Exterior Wall Systems 1 EWSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Exterior Windows 1 GLSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Exterior Doors 1 LEAF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Roof Systems 1 RFSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Interior Partitions 1 PTSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Interior Doors 1 LEAF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Interior Floor Finishes 1 FFSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Interior Wall Finishes 1 WFSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Interior Ceiling Finishes 1 CFSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Interior Specialities 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Conveying Systems 1 LPSM $0 $0 1 $0
Plumbing Piping 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Plumbing Fixtures 1 FIXT $0.00 $0 1 $0
Fire Protection Systems 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
HVAC Distribution 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
HVAC Equipment 1 LPSM $0 $0 1 $0
HVAC Controls 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Special Mechanical Systems 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Electrical Service/Generation 1 LPSM $0 $0 1 $0
Electrical Distribution 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Electrical Lighting 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Special Electrical Systems 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Equipment & Furnishings 1 LPSM $0 $0 1 $0
Other 1 LPSM $0 $0 1 $0
Residual Value (value of facility at end of study period)
Site Improvements 1 LPSM $0 $0 1 $0
Site Utilities 1 LPSM $0 $0 1 $0
Foundation/Substructure 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Superstructure 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Exterior Wall Systems 1 EWSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Exterior Windows 1 GLSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Exterior Doors 1 LEAF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Roof Systems 1 RFSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Interior Partitions 1 PTSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
2 of 3
Life Cycle Cost Analysis - Alternate #2 (Opt. 2a Wood Pellet System)
District:Klawock City Schools
School:Main Building and Gymnasium
Project:Biomass Heating System
Project #:N/A
GSF:43,780 GSF
Quantity Unit Unit Cost Total Cost Years Present Value
Interior Doors 1 LEAF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Interior Floor Finishes 1 FFSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Interior Wall Finishes 1 WFSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Interior Ceiling Finishes 1 CFSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Interior Specialities 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Conveying Systems 1 LPSM $0 $0 1 $0
Plumbing Piping 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Plumbing Fixtures 1 FIXT $0.00 $0 1 $0
Fire Protection Systems 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
HVAC Distribution 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
HVAC Equipment 1 LPSM $0 $0 1 $0
HVAC Controls 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Special Mechanical Systems 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Electrical Service/Generation 1 LPSM $0 $0 1 $0
Electrical Distribution 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Electrical Lighting 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Special Electrical Systems 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Equipment & Furnishings 1 LPSM $0 $0 1 $0
Other 1 LPSM $0 $0 1 $0
Total Life Cycle of Alternate #1 $1,350,136
3 of 3
Life Cycle Cost Analysis - Alternate #3 (Opt. 2b Dry Fuel System)
District:Klawock City Schools
School:Main Building and Gymnasium
Project:Biomass Heating System
Project #:N/A
GSF:43,780 GSF
Quantity Unit Unit Cost Total Cost Years Present Value
Initial Expenses
Initial Investment Cost (one time start-up costs)
Construction Management 1 LPSM $37,329 $37,329 0 $37,329
Land Acquisition 1 LPSM $0 $0 0 $0
Site Investigation 1 LPSM $0 $0 0 $0
Design Services 1 LPSM $74,657 $74,657 0 $74,657
Construction 1 LPSM $176,700 $176,700 0 $176,700
Equipment 1 LPSM $502,000 $502,000 0 $502,000
Technology 1 LPSM $0 $0 0 $0
Indirect/Administration 1 LPSM $0 $0 0 $0
Art 1 LPSM $0 $0 0 $0
Contingency 1 LPSM $67,870 $67,870 0 $67,870
Future Expenses
Operations Cost (annual costs)
Heating Fuel 1,800 GALS $4.10 $7,380 20 $109,796
Electricity 21,216 KWH $0.23 $4,880 20 $72,597
Water and Sewer 1 LPSM $0 $0 20 $0
Garbage Disposal 1 LPSM $550 $550 20 $8,183
Custodial 1 LPSM $0 $0 20 $0
Grounds 1 LPSM $0 $0 20 $0
Lease 1 LPSM $0 $0 20 $0
Insurance 1 LPSM $0 $0 20 $0
Other 188 LPSM $120 $22,560 20 $335,636
Maintenance & Repair Cost (upkeep costs…estimate on annual basis)
Site Improvements 1 LPSM $0 $0 20 $0
Site Utilities 1 LPSM $0 $0 20 $0
Foundation/Substructure 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Superstructure 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Exterior Wall Systems 1 EWSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Exterior Windows 1 GLSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Exterior Doors 1 LEAF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Roof Systems 1 RFSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Interior Partitions 1 PTSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Interior Doors 1 LEAF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Interior Floor Finishes 1 FFSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Interior Wall Finishes 1 WFSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Interior Ceiling Finishes 1 CFSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Interior Specialities 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Conveying Systems 1 LPSM $0 $0 20 $0
Plumbing Piping 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Plumbing Fixtures 1 FIXT $0.00 $0 20 $0
Fire Protection Systems 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
HVAC Distribution 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
1 of 3
Life Cycle Cost Analysis - Alternate #3 (Opt. 2b Dry Fuel System)
District:Klawock City Schools
School:Main Building and Gymnasium
Project:Biomass Heating System
Project #:N/A
GSF:43,780 GSF
Quantity Unit Unit Cost Total Cost Years Present Value
HVAC Equipment 1 LPSM $0 $0 20 $0
HVAC Controls 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Special Mechanical Systems 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Electrical Service/Generation 1 LPSM $0 $0 20 $0
Electrical Distribution 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Electrical Lighting 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Special Electrical Systems 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 20 $0
Equipment & Furnishings 1 LPSM $2,000 $2,000 20 $29,755
Other 1 LPSM $0 $0 20 $0
Replacement Cost (scheduled replacement of building system or component)
Site Improvements 1 LPSM $0 $0 1 $0
Site Utilities 1 LPSM $0 $0 1 $0
Foundation/Substructure 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Superstructure 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Exterior Wall Systems 1 EWSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Exterior Windows 1 GLSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Exterior Doors 1 LEAF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Roof Systems 1 RFSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Interior Partitions 1 PTSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Interior Doors 1 LEAF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Interior Floor Finishes 1 FFSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Interior Wall Finishes 1 WFSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Interior Ceiling Finishes 1 CFSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Interior Specialities 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Conveying Systems 1 LPSM $0 $0 1 $0
Plumbing Piping 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Plumbing Fixtures 1 FIXT $0.00 $0 1 $0
Fire Protection Systems 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
HVAC Distribution 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
HVAC Equipment 1 LPSM $0 $0 1 $0
HVAC Controls 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Special Mechanical Systems 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Electrical Service/Generation 1 LPSM $0 $0 1 $0
Electrical Distribution 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Electrical Lighting 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Special Electrical Systems 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Equipment & Furnishings 1 LPSM $0 $0 1 $0
Other 1 LPSM $0 $0 1 $0
Residual Value (value of facility at end of study period)
Site Improvements 1 LPSM $0 1 $0
Site Utilities 1 LPSM $0 $0 1 $0
Foundation/Substructure 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Superstructure 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Exterior Wall Systems 1 EWSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Exterior Windows 1 GLSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Exterior Doors 1 LEAF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Roof Systems 1 RFSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Interior Partitions 1 PTSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
2 of 3
Life Cycle Cost Analysis - Alternate #3 (Opt. 2b Dry Fuel System)
District:Klawock City Schools
School:Main Building and Gymnasium
Project:Biomass Heating System
Project #:N/A
GSF:43,780 GSF
Quantity Unit Unit Cost Total Cost Years Present Value
Interior Doors 1 LEAF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Interior Floor Finishes 1 FFSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Interior Wall Finishes 1 WFSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Interior Ceiling Finishes 1 CFSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Interior Specialities 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Conveying Systems 1 LPSM $0 $0 1 $0
Plumbing Piping 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Plumbing Fixtures 1 FIXT $0.00 $0 1 $0
Fire Protection Systems 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
HVAC Distribution 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
HVAC Equipment 1 LPSM $0 $0 1 $0
HVAC Controls 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Special Mechanical Systems 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Electrical Service/Generation 1 LPSM $0 $0 1 $0
Electrical Distribution 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Electrical Lighting 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Special Electrical Systems 43,780 GSF $0.00 $0 1 $0
Equipment & Furnishings 1 LPSM $0 $0 1 $0
Other 1 LPSM $0 $0 1 $0
Total Life Cycle of Alternate #1 $1,414,522
3 of 3