HomeMy WebLinkAboutKoyukuk 2012-VEEP
EENNEERRGGYY AAUUDDIITT
PPOOSSTT IINNSSTTAALLLLAATTIIOONN RREEPPOORRTT
Results and Recommendations from
Energy Audit of Koyukuk
For VEEP Grants
City of Koyukuk, Alaska
June 20, 2012
Prepared By: Prepared For:
Ameresco, Inc.
6643 Brayton Drive
Anchorage, AK 99507
Alaska Energy Authority
City of Koyukuk
Alaskan Village Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Koyukuk
Page i Koyukuk, AK
TTAABBLLEE OOFF CCOONNTTEENNTTSS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND PREFACE .................................................................................. 1
1.0 BUILDING DESCRIPTIONS ............................................................................................ 3
1.1 KOYUKUK CITY OFFICE AND TRIBAL OFFICE BUILDING ............................................. 3
1.2 KOYUKUK CLINIC AND LIBRARY .............................................................................. 5
1.3 KOYUKUK POWER PLANT ....................................................................................... 7
1.4 KOYUKUK SCHOOL (ELLA B. VERNETTI SCHOOL) ..................................................... 9
1.5 KOYUKUK WASHETERIA AND WATER TREATMENT PLANT ....................................... 12
2.0 UTILITIES ..................................................................................................................... 15
2.1 ELECTRICITY ....................................................................................................... 15
2.1.1 Electricity Usage Profiles ........................................................................15
2.2 FUEL ................................................................................................................... 17
2.2.1 Fuel Usage Profiles ................................................................................17
3.0 OPERATIONS/MAINTENANCE PRACTICES .............................................................. 19
4.0 ENERGY CONSERVATION OPPORTUNITIES ............................................................ 20
4.1 ECO DESCRIPTIONS – FUNDED – INITIAL REPORTING ............................................ 21
4.1.1 Building Envelope Opportunities .............................................................21
4.1.2 Controls Opportunities ............................................................................21
4.1.3 Electrical Opportunities ...........................................................................21
4.1.4 Mechanical Opportunities .......................................................................22
4.2 ECO DESCRIPTIONS – NOT FUNDED – INITIAL REPORTING ..................................... 22
4.2.1 Building Envelope Opportunities .............................................................22
4.2.2 Mechanical Opportunities .......................................................................22
5.0 FINAL COSTING AND CHANGES FROM INITIAL REPORTING .................................. 23
5.1 CHANGES FROM INITIAL REPORTING ..................................................................... 23
5.2 FUNDING ALLOCATION SUMMARY TABLES ............................................................. 24
AAPPPPEENNDDIICCEESS
APPENDIX A – VEEP PROJECT COSTS & EXPECTED SAVINGS ...................................... A-1
APPENDIX B – ECO CALCULATION RESULTS – NOT FUNDED ......................................... B-1
APPENDIX C – EQUATIONS USED IN CALCULATIONS ...................................................... C-1
APPENDIX D – POST INSTALLATION PHOTOS ................................................................... D-1
Alaskan Village Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Koyukuk
Page 1 Koyukuk, AK
EEXXEECCUUTTIIVVEE SSUUMMMMAARRYY AANNDD PPRREEFFAACCEE
This Post Installation Report summarizes the results of an Ameresco Energy Audit of the City of
Koyukuk, the initial energy savings measures identified and proposed, and any changes that may have
occurred throughout the installation process. The City of Koyukuk is a recipient of an Alaska Energy
Authority (AEA) Village Energy Efficiency Program (VEEP) grant of $75,000.
Ameresco engineers conducted an energy audit of the City of Koyukuk on January 12-13, 2011. The
table below shows the buildings audited and their respective square footages.
City of Koyukuk - Building Summary
Building Category Square Footage
City Office Public Building 1,800
Clinic & Library Public Building 1,328
Power Plant Public Facility 1,363
Washeteria & Water Plant Public Facility 1,050
School School 6,912
The audit identified existing types, conditions, operating modes, and energy consumption profiles for a
variety of buildings, facilities and systems. The audit also identified all cost-effective system and facility
modifications, adjustments, alterations, additions, and retrofits. Systems investigated during the audit
included heating, ventilation, interior and exterior lighting, process exhaust, domestic hot water, motors,
building envelopes, utility metering systems, and energy management control systems (EMCS).
The table below shows the actual costs of the project and expected annual savings. See Appendix A for
more detailed calculation results. Project costs include costs incurred from the site visit, engineering time,
materials cost, and labor cost, as well as Ameresco’s markup. It is important to note that the simple
paybacks (SPBs) have been determined according to ECO type. For example, the SPB for an electrical
ECO is calculated using only the annual kWh savings, even though the equivalent annual fuel gallon
monetary savings is reported.
Alaskan Village Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Koyukuk
Page 2 Koyukuk, AK
VEEP ECOS - PROJECT COSTS & EXPECTED SAVINGS - KOYUKUK
ECO Cost Savings SPB
B01 - WEATHERSTRIPPING $ 8,883.60 $ 664.66 13.37
B02 - THERMAL INSULATION UPGRADE $15,524.53 $ 976.33 15.90
C01 - THERMOSTAT UPGRADE $ 3,701.47 $1,811.40 2.04
E01 - T8 LIGHTING UPGRADE $ 1,275.19 $ 51.47 24.77
E02 - INSTALL OCCUPANCY SENSORS $13,769.36 $2,722.15 5.06
E03 - PREMIUM EFFICIENCY MOTORS UPGRADE $13,407.74 $ 119.49 112.21
M02 - FURNACE UPGRADE $18,508.86 $ 812.83 22.77
TOTAL $75,070.74 $7,158.33 10.49
TOTAL GRANT $75,000.00
BUDGET EXCEEDED $ (70.74)
Alaskan Village Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Koyukuk
Page 3 Koyukuk, AK
11..00 BBUUIILLDDIINNGG DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONNSS
11..11 KKOOYYUUKKUUKK CCIITTYY OOFFFFIICCEE AANNDD TTRRIIBBAALL OOFFFFIICCEE BBUUIILLDDIINNGG
Description: The Koyukuk City Office and the village Tribal Office are both housed in the same facility.
The city offices are located on the second floor of the building, while the village tribal offices are located
on the first floor. Typical operating hours are 0800 to 1700 hours, Monday through Friday.
General Conditions: The building is in fair condition overall, due to the fact it was constructed
sometime during the 1970’s and has not been renovated.
Pictures of general conditions found during the field audit immediately follow this building description.
Building Envelope: The roof is in poor condition with little insulation and is leaking water into the
building. The walls appear to be in good condition. The double pane windows are in fair condition, and
one has a crack in the exterior pane. Weather-stripping, when present, is in poor condition and needs to
be upgraded.
Heating: Building heating comes from three separate sources – a fuel oil Williamson Thermoflo furnace,
an oil stove, and a wood stove. The wood stove is used as a backup heating system in case the fuel oil
freezes in the colder winter months. A combustion analysis was performed on the furnace and showed it
to be operating at 80.4% combustion efficiency at the time of the audit.
Controls: Building heating from the furnace is controlled by a mechanical thermostat. The oil-burning
stove contains an individual internal thermostat. The wood-burning stove does not have any controls.
Lighting: Interior lighting consists primarily of T8 fluorescent lamps with electronic ballasts. There are
no occupancy sensors in the building.
Domestic Water: This building does not have a domestic water system.
Alaskan Village Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Koyukuk
Page 4 Koyukuk, AK
Building Photos: Koyukuk City Office and Tribal Office
Melting Snow on Roof – Poor Insulation Exterior Door – Poor Seal and Inadequate Insulation
Toyotomi Laser 73 Fuel Oil Stove Wood Stove
Furnace Water Damage
Alaskan Village Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Koyukuk
Page 5 Koyukuk, AK
11..22 KKOOYYUUKKUUKK CCLLIINNIICC AANNDD LLIIBBRRAARRYY
Description: The Koyukuk Clinic is a multifunctional building that also houses the village Library.
Typical operational hours are 0900 to 1600 hours, Monday through Friday.
General Conditions: The structure overall is in fair condition, though it seems to still be holding up
adequately. The exterior shows many signs of weathering and age, but the greatest concern is the leaking
roof. Many opportunities for exist improvements.
Pictures of general conditions found during the field audit immediately follow this building description.
Building Envelope: The roof is in poor condition and is leaking water into the attic when the snow melts
from the escaping heat. The double pane windows are in fair condition. The weather-stripping, where
present, is in poor condition and in need of replacement.
Heating: Space heating is provided by a Monitor M441 oil stove and a Toyotomi Laser 56 oil stove. The
Monitor oil stove’s controls system is not operating the way it ought. Even though the thermostat was set
to 72°F at the time of the audit, the stove continued generating hot air into the space, even though the
room was well above the set point at 78°F.
Controls: There are no additional building controls.
Lighting: Interior lighting fixtures are mostly T8 fluorescent with electronic ballasts. There are no
occupancy sensors in the building.
Domestic Water: A tankless Toyotomi water heater provides the building with domestic hot water. The
city delivers potable water via truck to this building to meet its domestic water needs.
Alaskan Village Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Koyukuk
Page 6 Koyukuk, AK
Building Photos: Koyukuk Clinic and Library
Fuel Tank and Melting Snow on Roof Exterior Windows
Poor Weather-stripping on Doors Monitor 441 Heater
Toyotomi Instantaneous Water Heater Toyostove Laser 56 Heater
Alaskan Village Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Koyukuk
Page 7 Koyukuk, AK
11..33 KKOOYYUUKKUUKK PPOOWWEERR PPLLAANNTT
Description: The Koyukuk Power Plant houses the villages 4 electric generators. The plant operates 3
hours a day, 7 days a week. An operator is always on call for emergencies and necessary shut-downs.
General Conditions: The building is in good condition, having been recently constructed in 2006. There
is little opportunity for improvement in this facility.
Pictures of general conditions found during the field audit immediately follow this building description.
Building Envelope: Because of its youth, the Koyukuk Power Plant is in excellent condition. Exterior
windows and doors are in good condition with adequate weather-stripping. The roof is in good condition
and shows no evidence of inadequate insulation.
Heating: Several unit heaters are scattered throughout the facility to provide additional building heat if
the waste heat from the generators is not enough to keep the building at a comfortable level.
Controls: The unit heaters have coordinating mechanical thermostats throughout the building.
Lighting: Interior lighting is primarily T8 fluorescent with electronic ballasts as well as several CFL
fixtures scattered throughout the building. There are no occupancy sensors in the building.
Domestic Water: There is not a domestic hot water system at the Power Plant.
Power Equipment and Loading: There are a total of 4 generators in the Koyukuk Power Plant.
Generator 1 and Generator 2 are both 64 kW capacity models, while Generator 3 and Generator 4 are 37
kW capacity models. At the time of the audit, Generator 1 did not carry a load, Generator 2 carried a
51.87 kW load, Generator 3 did not carry a load, and Generator 4 did not carry a load.
Alaskan Village Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Koyukuk
Page 8 Koyukuk, AK
Building Photos: Koyukuk Power Plant
Extra Floor Insulation Switchgear
Generators Dirty Filters
Fuel Storage
Alaskan Village Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Koyukuk
Page 9 Koyukuk, AK
11..44 KKOOYYUUKKUUKK SSCCHHOOOOLL ((EELLLLAA BB.. VVEERRNNEETTTTII SSCCHHOOOOLL))
Description: The Koyukuk School houses elementary through high school students for the village.
Typical operating hours are 0800 to 1700 hours, Monday through Friday, but other activities sometimes
cause the building to remain open longer. The dental clinic is also located in this building and remains
open until 1900 hours, Monday through Friday. The school also accommodates Koyukuk visitors from
time to time.
General Conditions: The building is in good condition overall, though there are some serious problems
with the heating controls system currently in place. The school is clearly overheated, and reducing the
heating output will generate noteworthy energy savings.
Pictures of general conditions found during the field audit immediately follow this building description.
Building Envelope: The building is in fair condition, showing signs of weathering and age. Like many
of the other building in the village, the school was constructed sometime during the 1970’s. The roof
exterior is in good condition, but there is not enough insulation in the attic to retain building heat. Walls
are in good condition, as are exterior doors. Weather-stripping, however, is in fair condition and is due to
be replaced.
Heating: Two Burnham V-36 fuel oil boilers provide the building with space heating. At the time of the
audit, these boilers were functioning at 80% and 76.9% combustion efficiency. These boilers are older
models and are rated as 77% thermally efficient. The waste heat from the generators at the village power
plant also supplies the school with additional space heating.
Controls: Building heating is controlled by several mechanical thermostats placed throughout the
building. Almost every office or classroom has its own thermostat. The building, however, is currently
being overheated. Temperature measurements taken during the audit read 83°, 88°, and 85°F. Heating set
points were found to be 85°, 80°, and 85°F. These set points are higher than most villages and most other
buildings in Koyukuk. Employees also shared that night set points remain near 85F, and library windows
Alaskan Village Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Koyukuk
Page 10 Koyukuk, AK
are sometimes opened to cool the building down. Reducing these set points, especially at night, and
installing more efficient boilers would result in significant energy savings.
Lighting: Lighting in the building has already been retrofit to T8 fixtures with electronic ballasts. There
are no occupancy sensors in the building. There are also some areas of the building that appear to be over
lighted. Delamping some fixtures could result in significant energy savings.
Domestic Water: Two Bock water heaters are housed in the Water Treatment Plant and provide the
school with domestic hot water. There is also an indirect water heater somewhere in the school, but
Ameresco engineers were unable to locate this water heater at the time of the audit.
Alaskan Village Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Koyukuk
Page 11 Koyukuk, AK
Building Photos: Koyukuk School
Overheated Building – Snow Melting on Roof Windows in Good Condition
Doors Need Weather-stripping Unit Heaters in Gym
Abundant Light Fixtures in Library Mechanical Room – Old Boilers, Fuel Day Tank, etc
Alaskan Village Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Koyukuk
Page 12 Koyukuk, AK
11..55 KKOOYYUUKKUUKK WWAASSHHEETTEERRIIAA AANNDD WWAATTEERR TTRREEAATTMMEENNTT PPLLAANNTT
Description: The Koyukuk Water Treatment Plant provides clean water to the entire city. The plant has
a single operator, but receives extra maintenance help when needed. The Washeteria is also housed in the
same building as the Water Treatment Plant. Typical operating hours are 0900 to 1600, 7 days a week.
General Conditions: The building is in fair condition and was constructed in 1987. Most of the
equipment housed at the facility has been well-maintained, though there are several outdated pumps and
motors that could be replaced with more efficient models. The water plant pumps water to two locations
only – the school and one house.
Pictures of general conditions found during the field audit immediately follow this building description.
Building Envelope: The building is in fair condition due to weathering and age over the years. The roof
is in poor condition and is leaking water into the facility. Attic insulation is poor and needs to be
upgraded. Doors are in fair condition, and weather-stripping needs to be upgraded. Windows are in good
condition.
Heating: Building heating is provided by a Metzger Machine Corp fuel oil furnace as well as a Toyostove
Laser 73 fuel oil stove.
Controls: A mechanical thermostat controls the Metzger furnace.
Lighting: The building is lit by a mixture of T8 fluorescent fixtures with electronic ballasts as well as
several T12 fixtures with magnetic ballasts in the pump rooms. There are no occupancy sensors in the
facility.
Domestic Water: The water treatment plant houses many pumps and motors of varying ages and
efficiencies. Opportunities exist here for more efficient replacements. The Water Treatment Plant and
Washeteria houses two Bock water heaters.
Alaskan Village Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Koyukuk
Page 13 Koyukuk, AK
Vacuum System: Vacuum sewage systems are installed in bush Alaska due to permafrost and lack of
available pitch. The system originates at the treatment facility and is in good operational condition. The
vacuum pump motor runs 24/7 to meet village requirements. A higher efficiency motor will result in
measurable savings for this system.
Heat Trace System: To prevent system freeze ups, hot water heat trace pumps that run throughout the
water and sewer distribution system originate from this facility. The system is manually controlled and
runs at all times or at operators’ discretion. Limiting the operation of the heat trace based on outside air
or ground temperatures will provide significant savings to the village.
Laundry Equipment: There are 3 washers and 2 dryers in the Washeteria section of the building to meet
villagers’ laundering needs. These washers and dryers appear to be in good condition and functioning
properly. One of the newer washers is ENERGY STAR rated, but some of the older stacked models
could be upgraded to more efficient units.
Alaskan Village Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Koyukuk
Page 14 Koyukuk, AK
Building Photos: Koyukuk Washeteria and Water Treatment Plant
Poorly Insulated Roof – Melting Snow Exterior Windows
Doors Needing Weather-stripping Washeteria Area
Domestic Water Heaters Toyostove Laser 73
Alaskan Village Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Koyukuk
Page 15 Koyukuk, AK
22..00 UUTTIILLIITTIIEESS
22..11 EELLEECCTTRRIICCIITTYY
The City of Koyukuk produces its own electricity via the Koyukuk Electric Company (KEC). All
buildings surveyed, with the exception of the Koyukuk School receive a Power Cost Equalization (PCE)
credit. This has been factored in for calculations. The school pays a separate rate to the KEC. The
consumption rates are listed below.
Rate Per kWh, All Buildings But School $ 0.4500
Rate Per kWh, School $ 0.3300
PCE Rate Per kWh $ 0.2767
Rate Per kWh for Calculations (But Not Koyukuk School) $ 0.1733
22..11..11 EElleeccttrriicciittyy UUssaaggee PPrrooffiilleess
Note that in the electricity usage profiles below, September and October usage for 2010 is identical. This
is because consumption was billed for the months of September and October in one large bill. Ameresco
engineers divided this value to more accurately display typical usage.
Koyukuk City Office & Tribal Office Electric Usage (Available Bills)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Oct-
09
Nov-
09
Dec-
09
Jan-
10
Feb-
10
Mar-
10
Apr-
10
May-
10
Jun-
10
Jul-
10
Aug-
10
Sep-
10
Oct-
10
Nov-
10kWh
Alaskan Village Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Koyukuk
Page 16 Koyukuk, AK
Koyukuk Clinic & Library Electric Usage (Available Bills)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Oct-
09
Nov-
09
Dec-
09
Jan-
10
Feb-
10
Mar-
10
Apr-
10
May-
10
Jun-
10
Jul-
10
Aug-
10
Sep-
10
Oct-
10
Nov-
10kWh
Koyukuk School Electric Usage (Available Bills)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
Oct-
09
Nov-
09
Dec-
09
Jan-
10
Feb-
10
Mar-
10
Apr-
10
May-
10
Jun-
10
Jul-
10
Aug-
10
Sep-
10
Oct-
10
Nov-
10kWh
Alaskan Village Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Koyukuk
Page 17 Koyukuk, AK
22..22 FFUUEELL
The City of Koyukuk purchases its fuel from Crowley Petroleum Distribution, Inc at a rate of
$3.5635/gallon.
22..22..11 FFuueell UUssaaggee PPrrooffiilleess
Alaskan Village Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Koyukuk
Page 18 Koyukuk, AK
Alaskan Village Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Koyukuk
Page 19 Koyukuk, AK
33..00 OOPPEERRAATTIIOONNSS//MMAAIINNTTEENNAANNCCEE PPRRAACCTTIICCEESS
The village has a number of designated maintenance personnel that seem to possess the basic skills
required to clean and maintain selected equipment. From Ameresco’s observations, if the equipment
should fall into disrepair, the staff does not have the training or experience to repair the equipment per the
manufacturer’s requirements and tends to piece together the equipment to maintain operation. Over time,
the systems no longer function as required, which currently appears to be the case of most equipment and
systems with in the village.
Operations and maintenance is one area in energy services where improvement and training costs are
lower than equipment replacement costs, and the energy efficiency return is high. During the site audit,
Ameresco found that outside of general cleaning, most of the equipment is not maintained to meet
standard manufacturers’ recommendations. Dirty filters, boilers in disrepair, systems altered, and control
systems disconnected are a result of limited funding and lack of system training. This results in excessive
energy use, premature equipment failure, and employee and resident discomfort. An annual system check
by a qualified burner service technician to perform services such as boiler cleaning, boiler tune ups,
system check out, and control system reviews will not only extend the overall life of the equipment, but
improve occupant comfort as well as increase and maintain long term energy efficiency.
Alaskan Village Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Koyukuk
Page 20 Koyukuk, AK
44..00 EENNEERRGGYY CCOONNSSEERRVVAATTIIOONN OOPPPPOORRTTUUNNIITTIIEESS
The ECO matrix below summarizes the energy conservation opportunities identified during the site
survey and baseline analysis. A description of each energy conservation opportunity follows the matrix.
Please Note: This matrix applies to the initial proposal and the ECOs identified during that stage of the
Koyukuk project. There are some ECOs included in this section that were not performed, or the scope of
work may have changed. Section 4 is for reference only. See Section 5 for updated project information.
ECO
No.
ECO Description ECO MATRIX
B=Building Envelope;
C=Controls; E=Electrical;
M=Mechanical;
W=Water/Wastewater;
R=Renewable
KOYUKUK City Office Clinic & Library School Washeteria & Water Treatment Building Envelope
B01 Door Weather-stripping Upgrade X X X X
B02 Insulation Upgrade X X X
Controls
C01 Thermostat Upgrade X X
Electrical
E01 T-8 Lighting Upgrade X
E02 Occupancy Sensors X X X X
E03 Premium Efficiency Motors X
Mechanical
M01 Boiler Tune-Up X
M02 Furnace Upgrade X
VEEP – INITIAL PROPOSAL (FINAL AUDIT REPORT)
ECO Cost Savings SPB
B01 - WEATHERSTRIPPING $ 7,840.00 $ 664.66 11.80
B02 - THERMAL INSULATION UPGRADE $ 18,132.52 $ 976.33 18.57
C01 - THERMOSTAT UPGRADE $ 1,218.00 $ 3,940.60 0.31
E01 - T8 LIGHTING UPGRADE $ 1,170.40 $ 68.63 17.05
E02 - INSTALL OCCUPANCY SENSORS $ 13,614.16 $ 2,722.15 5.00
E03 - PREMIUM EFFICIENCY MOTORS UPGRADE $ 2,660.00 $ 119.49 22.26
M01 - BOILER TUNE-UP $ 4,200.00 $ 3,670.78 1.14
M02 - FURNACE UPGRADE $ 15,799.00 $ 812.83 19.44
DESIGN/AUDIT $ 2,500.00
AVAILABLE FUNDING $ 7,865.92
* Available funding allocated for travel expenses, shipping, additional labor, etc
TOTAL $ 75,000.00 $ 12,975.47 5.78
Alaskan Village Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Koyukuk
Page 21 Koyukuk, AK
44..11 EECCOO DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONNSS –– FFUUNNDDEEDD –– IINNIITTIIAALL RREEPPOORRTTIINNGG
Below are the descriptions of the Energy Conservation Opportunities (ECOs) that Ameresco analyzed for
the Village of Koyukuk in the Final Audit Report. These include Ameresco’s initial project
recommendations for the village.
44..11..11 BBuuiillddiinngg EEnnvveellooppee OOppppoorrttuunniittiieess
B01 – Door Weather-stripping Upgrade
This ECO proposes applying weather stripping to exterior door perimeters to reduce air infiltration into
the buildings. Many building doors have existing weather stripping material which is worn or missing.
B02 – Thermal Insulation Upgrade
This ECO proposes installing blown-in roof insulation on existing building envelopes to reduce energy
consumption. Insulation can be added to roofs to increase or renew their insulating ratings (R-value).
44..11..22 CCoonnttrroollss OOppppoorrttuunniittiieess
C01 – Thermostat Upgrade
This ECO proposes replacing the outdated mechanical thermostats with 7-day programmable thermostats.
The programmable thermostats would allow a building’s HVAC system to be scheduled to operate in
comfortable conditions while occupied and allow for night set-backs.
44..11..33 EElleeccttrriiccaall OOppppoorrttuunniittiieess
E01 – T8 Lighting Upgrade
This ECO proposes replacing current T-12 fluorescent lighting and magnetic ballast with T-8 lamps and
electronic ballasts. Post-light levels will be nearly equal or better to that of the existing lighting systems.
E02 – Occupancy Sensors
Lighting systems are often left energized in unoccupied areas. This ECO proposes to install sensors to
shut off lighting in unoccupied spaces. Common sensing technologies include infrared, ultrasonic, and
audible sound, often combining multiple types of sensing in one unit to avoid shutting off lights in an
occupied area.
E03 – Premium Efficiency Motors
This ECO proposes installing National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) premium
efficiency motors to replace standard and high efficiency motors. There are various mechanical systems
operating with inefficient motors throughout the base. Premium efficiency motors typically increase
energy efficiency by 2-3%.
Alaskan Village Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Koyukuk
Page 22 Koyukuk, AK
44..11..44 MMeecchhaanniiccaall OOppppoorrttuunniittiieess
M01 – Boiler Tune-Up
This ECO proposes a comprehensive re-commissioning of the boilers in each building to optimize system
operations. Such efforts include:
Replace, repair, calibrate or install sensors or switches
Repair air linkages
Conduct combustion efficiency test services
Clean combustion chambers and stacks
M02 – Furnace Upgrade
This ECO proposes replacing existing fuel oil furnaces with more energy efficient units. Many of the
existing units in the village are original to the buildings they serve and have reached the end of their
useful service life. Furnaces employing modern technology can be installed to reduce energy
consumption, improve system operations, and reduce maintenance costs.
44..22 EECCOO DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONNSS –– NNOOTT FFUUNNDDEEDD –– IINNIITTIIAALL RREEPPOORRTTIINNGG
Below are the descriptions of the Energy Conservation Opportunities (ECOs) that Ameresco analyzed for
the Village of Koyukuk but did not have enough funding to complete. For the results of the calculations,
refer to Appendix B.
44..22..11 BBuuiillddiinngg EEnnvveellooppee OOppppoorrttuunniittiieess
B02 – Thermal Insulation Upgrade
This ECO proposes installing blown-in roof insulation on existing building envelopes to reduce energy
consumption. Insulation can be added to roofs to increase or renew their insulating ratings (R-value).
44..22..22 MMeecchhaanniiccaall OOppppoorrttuunniittiieess
M03 – Boiler Upgrade
This ECO proposes replacing existing hot-water heating boilers with more energy efficient units. Many
of the existing units in the village are original to the buildings they serve and have reached the end of their
useful service life. Boilers employing modern technology can be installed to reduce energy consumption,
improve system operations, and reduce maintenance costs.
Alaskan Village Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Koyukuk
Page 23 Koyukuk, AK
55..00 FFIINNAALL CCOOSSTTIINNGG AANNDD CCHHAANNGGEESS FFRROOMM IINNIITTIIAALL RREEPPOORRTTIINNGG
Due to the brief nature of these contracts and the high cost of travel to and from the villages, audits were
conducted a quickly and efficiently as possible. Once engineers have left the villages, communication is
strained at best, and gathering additional information is difficult. Because of this, assumptions must be
made during the initial ECO assessments and project cost estimates. Occasionally, Ameresco engineers
have found that previously identified projects have been externally funded from another source, but this
information usually comes too late in the process. As a result of all these factors, some previously
identified projects have been modified or abandoned. Final project costs and expected annual savings can
be found in Section 5.2 and Appendix A. ECOs that were categorized as “Not Funded,” whether in the
initial stages of the proposal or during construction, can be found in Appendix B.
55..11 CCHHAANNGGEESS FFRROOMM IINNIITTIIAALL RREEPPOORRTTIINNGG
B01 – Door Weather-stripping Upgrade
Installed as planned.
B02 – Thermal Insulation Upgrade
Installed as planned.
C01 – Programmable Thermostat Upgrade
Three programmable thermostats were originally ordered for the School but could not be installed. The
model ordered was a low voltage type, but the school building needs a line voltage type thermostat. One
low voltage model has been left with the school. The remaining two thermostats were installed in the City
Hall and Washeteria.
E01 – T8 Lighting Upgrade
Only 3 of the proposed 4 lighting fixtures were replaced. See Section 5.2 and Appendix A for updated cost
and savings information.
E02 – Occupancy Sensors
Installed as planned.
E03 – Premium Efficiency Motors
Installed as planned, but project costs exceeded initial projections.
M01 – Boiler Tune-Up
Rejected due to lack of funding.
M02 – Furnace Upgrade
Installed as planned, but project costs exceeded initial projections.
Alaskan Village Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Koyukuk
Page 24 Koyukuk, AK
55..22 FFUUNNDDIINNGG AALLLLOOCCAATTIIOONN SSUUMMMMAARRYY TTAABBLLEESS
VEEP ECOS - PROJECT COSTS & EXPECTED SAVINGS - KOYUKUK
ECO Cost Savings SPB
B01 - WEATHERSTRIPPING $ 8,883.60 $ 664.66 13.37
B02 - THERMAL INSULATION UPGRADE $15,524.53 $ 976.33 15.90
C01 - THERMOSTAT UPGRADE $ 3,701.47 $1,811.40 2.04
E01 - T8 LIGHTING UPGRADE $ 1,275.19 $ 51.47 24.77
E02 - INSTALL OCCUPANCY SENSORS $13,769.36 $2,722.15 5.06
E03 - PREMIUM EFFICIENCY MOTORS UPGRADE $13,407.74 $ 119.49 112.21
M02 - FURNACE UPGRADE $18,508.86 $ 812.83 22.77
TOTAL $75,070.74 $7,158.33 10.49
TOTAL GRANT $75,000.00
BUDGET EXCEEDED $ (70.74)
ECOS NOT FUNDED - INITIAL PROPOSAL
ECO Cost Savings SPB
B02 - THERMAL INSULATION UPGRADE $ 29,998.08 $ 1,717.54 17.47
M03 - BOILER UPGRADE $ 40,880.00 $ 9,314.07 4.39
TOTAL $ 70,878.08 $ 11,031.62 6.42
ECOS NOT FUNDED - REJECTED IN CONSTRUCTION PHASE
ECO Cost Savings SPB
C01 – THERMOSTAT UPGRADE $ 1,850.73 $ 3,940.60 0.47
M01 - BOILER TUNE-UP $ 4,200.00 $ 3,670.78 1.14
TOTAL $ 6,050.73 $ 7,611.38 0.79
APPENDIX A
VEEP PROJECT COSTS
& EXPECTED SAVINGS
B01 - WEATHERSTRIPPING
Building # of Doors
Price Per
Door Total Cost
Electric
kWh
Savings
Fuel
mmBtu
Savings
Total
mmBtu
Savings
Equivalent
Fuel Gallons
Savings
Annual
kWh Cost
Savings
Annual
Equivalent
Fuel Cost
Savings
Total
Annual
Savings
Simple
Payback
City Office 3 $888.36 $2,665.08 0.00 6.42 6.42 45.83 $0.00 $163.31 $163.31 16.32
Clinic & Library 2 $888.36 $1,776.72 0.00 5.42 5.42 38.70 $0.00 $137.92 $137.92 12.88
School 3 $888.36 $2,665.08 0.00 8.79 8.79 62.81 $0.00 $223.83 $223.83 11.91
Washeteria, etc 2 $888.36 $1,776.72 0.00 5.48 5.48 39.18 $0.00 $139.60 $139.60 12.73
B02 - THERMAL INSULATION UPGRADE
Building Current
Insulation
Proposed
Insulation Total Cost
Electric
kWh
Savings
Fuel
mmBtu
Savings
Total
mmBtu
Savings
Equivalent
Fuel Gallons
Savings
Annual
kWh Cost
Savings
Annual
Equivalent
Fuel Cost
Savings
Total
Annual
Savings
Simple
Payback
City Office R-19 R-38 $6,688.40 0.00 16.70 16.70 119.32 $0.00 $425.19 $425.19 15.73
Clinic & Library R-19 R-38 $4,934.55 0.00 12.03 12.03 85.91 $0.00 $306.14 $306.14 16.12
Washeteria, etc R-19 R-38 $3,901.57 0.00 9.63 9.63 68.75 $0.00 $245.00 $245.00 15.92
C01 - THERMOSTAT UPGRADE
Building
# of
Thermo-
stats
Installed
Cost Per
Thermostat Total Cost
Electric
kWh
Savings
Fuel
mmBtu
Savings
Total
mmBtu
Savings
Equivalent
Fuel Gallons
Savings
Annual
kWh Cost
Savings
Annual
Equivalent
Fuel Cost
Savings
Total
Annual
Savings
Simple
Payback
City Hall 1 $1,850.73 $1,850.73 0.00 34.18 34.18 244.15 $0.00 $869.17 $869.17 2.13
Washeteria 1 $1,850.73 $1,850.73 0.00 37.05 37.05 264.67 $0.00 $942.23 $942.23 1.96
E01 - T8 LIGHTING UPGRADE
Building # of
Fixtures
Price Per
Fixture Total Cost
Electric
kWh
Savings
Electric
kW
Savings
Equivalen
t mmBtu
Savings
Equivalent
Fuel Gallons
Savings
Annual
kWh Cost
Savings
Annual
Equivalent
Fuel Cost
Savings
Total
Annual
Savings
Simple
Payback
Washeteria, etc 3 $425.06 $1,275.19 297.02 2.45 1.01 21.55 $51.47 $76.81 $171.05 24.77
E02 - INSTALL OCCUPANCY SENSORS
Building # of
Sensors
Price Per
Sensor Total Cost
Electric
kWh
Savings
Electric
kW
Savings
Equivalen
t mmBtu
Savings
Equivalent
Fuel Gallons
Savings
Annual
kWh Cost
Savings
Annual
Equivalent
Fuel Cost
Savings
Total
Annual
Savings
Simple
Payback
City Office 10 $299.33 $2,993.34 685.75 0.00 2.34 49.76 $118.84 $177.33 $296.18 25.19
Clinic & Library 8 $299.33 $2,394.67 1,980.93 0.00 6.76 143.75 $343.29 $512.27 $855.56 6.98
School 22 $299.33 $6,585.34 11,746.48 0.00 40.09 852.43 $2,035.66 $3,037.63 $5,073.30 3.23
Washeteria, etc 6 $299.33 $1,796.00 1,294.59 0.00 4.42 93.95 $224.35 $334.78 $559.13 8.01
E03 - PREMIUM EFFICIENCY MOTORS UPGRADE
Building # of Motors
Price Per
Motor Total Cost
Electric
kWh
Savings
Electric
kW
Savings
Equivalen
t mmBtu
Savings
Equivalent
Fuel Gallons
Savings
Annual
kWh Cost
Savings
Annual
Equivalent
Fuel Cost
Savings
Total
Annual
Savings
Simple
Payback
Water Treatment 2 Varies w/HP $13,407.74 555.25 0.20 1.90 40.29 $119.49 $143.59 $263.07 112.21
M01 - FURNACE UPGRADE
Building
# of
Furnaces
to Replace
New Furnace
Efficiency
(AFUE)
Total Cost
Electric
kWh
Savings
Fuel
mmBtu
Savings
Total
mmBtu
Savings
Equivalent
Fuel Gallons
Savings
Annual
kWh Cost
Savings
Annual
Equivalent
Fuel Cost
Savings
Total
Annual
Savings
Simple
Payback
City Office 1 85.00%$18,508.86 0.00 31.93 31.93 228.10 $0.00 $812.83 $812.83 22.77
APPENDIX A - VEEP PROJECT COSTS & EXPECTED SAVINGS - KOYUKUK
Note: The reported simple paybacks are based on the type of ECO listed. For example, electrical ECOs only use the Annual kWh Cost Savings column to
calculate the SPB, even though the Annual Equivalent Fuel Cost Savings is still reported.
APPENDIX B
ECO CALCULATION
RESULTS – NOT
FUNDED
B02 - THERMAL INSULATION UPGRADE
Building Current
Insulation
Proposed
Insulation Total Cost
Electric
kWh
Savings
Fuel
mmBtu
Savings
Total
mmBtu
Savings
Equivalent
Fuel
Gallons
Savings
Annual kWh
Cost Savings
Annual
Equivalent
Fuel Cost
Savings
Simple
Payback
School R-19 R-38 $29,998.08 0.00 67.48 67.48 481.98 $0.00 $1,717.54 17.47
M03 - BOILER UPGRADE
Building # of Boilers to
Replace
New Boiler
Efficiency
(AFUE)
Total Cost
Electric
kWh
Savings
Fuel
mmBtu
Savings
Total
mmBtu
Savings
Equivalent
Fuel
Gallons
Savings
Annual kWh
Cost Savings
Annual
Equivalent
Fuel Cost
Savings
Simple
Payback
School 2 86.70%$40,880.00 0.00 365.92 365.92 2,613.74 $0.00 $9,314.07 4.39
C01 - THERMOSTAT UPGRADE
Building # of Thermo-
stats Installed
Cost Per
Thermostat Total Cost
Electric
kWh
Savings
Fuel
mmBtu
Savings
Total
mmBtu
Savings
Equivalent
Fuel
Gallons
Savings
Annual kWh
Cost Savings
Annual
Equivalent
Fuel Cost
Savings
Simple
Payback
School 1 $1,850.73 $1,850.73 154.82 154.82 1,105.82 0.00 $0.00 $3,940.60 0.47
M01 - BOILER TUNE-UP
Building Number of
Boilers
Increase in
Efficiency Total Cost
Electric
kWh
Savings
Fuel
mmBtu
Savings
Total
mmBtu
Savings
Equivalent
Fuel
Gallons
Savings
Annual kWh
Cost Savings
Annual
Equivalent
Fuel Cost
Savings
Simple
Payback
School 2 2.00%$4,200.00 0.00 144.21 144.21 1,030.10 $0.00 $3,670.78 1.14
APPENDIX B - ECO CALCULATION RESULTS - NOT FUNDED - KOYUKUK
Note: The reported simple paybacks are based on the type of ECO listed. For example, electrical ECOs only use the Annual kWh Cost Savings column to
calculate the SPB, even though the Annual Equivalent Fuel Cost Savings is still reported.
ECOS NOT FUNDED - INITIAL PROPOSAL
ECOS NOT FUNDED - REJECTED IN CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Note: A programmable thermostat was ordered but not installed for the school building (voltage issue). This thermostat has been left with the school.
APPENDIX C
EQUATIONS USED IN
CALCULATIONS
ECO Equations
B01 1. Door Leakage Area (in2) = Door Area x Door Leakage Factor
2. Specific Infiltration (CFM/in2) = [ (Stack Coefficient x ΔT) + (Wind Coefficient x [Wind Speed]2 )]1/2
3. ΔT = Heating Setpoint Temp - Bin Temp
4. Air Infiltration (CFM) = Specific Infiltration x Door Leakage Area
5. Heat Loss Rate (Btu/hr) = 1.08 x Air Infiltration x ΔT
6. Heating Load (mmBtu) = Heat Loss Rate x Bin Hours / 1,000,000
7. Energy Savings = Baseline - Proposed
Note: This ECO was completed using the RETscreen program.
B02 Note: This ECO was completed using the RETscreen program.
Inputs are R-values reported in the appendices as well as the insulation square footage
C01 Note: This ECO is based on bin data, occupancy, heating peak loads, boiler efficiency, and an assumed night setback
Baseline Usage = (Peak Load x Occupied Load Profile x All Hours) / Boiler Eff.
ECM Usage = [(Peak Load x Occupied Load Profile x Occupied Hours)
+ (Peak Load x Unoccupied Load Profile x Unoccupied Hours)] / Boiler Eff
mmBtu Saved = Baseline Usage - ECM Usage
E01 1. Baseline Demand (kW) = (Existing Fixture Wattage) x (Qty) X (12 Months) / (1,000)
2. Baseline Usage (kWh) = (Baseline Demand) x (Fixture Hours)
3. Proposed Demand (kW) = (Proposed Fixture Wattage) x (Qty) X (12 Months) / (1,000)
4. Proposed Usage (kWh) = (Proposed Demand) x (Fixture Hours)
5. Annual Energy Savings = (Baseline Energy Usage) - (Proposed Energy Usage)
6. Annual Cost Savings = (Energy Savings) x (Energy Cost)
E02 1. Baseline Usage (kWh) = (Existing Fixture Wattage) x (Qty) x (Existing Hours) / (1,000)
2. Proposed Usage (kWh) = (Existing Fixture Wattage) x (Qty) x [(Existing Hours) - (Hours Reduced)] / (1,000)
3. Annual Energy Savings = (Baseline Energy Usage) - (Proposed Energy Usage)
4. Annual Cost Savings = (Energy Savings) x (Energy Cost)
E03 1. Existing/Proposed Motor Demand (kW) = (Motor HP) x (Load Factor) x (0.746 kW/HP)/ Motor Efficiency
2. Existing/Proposed Motor Consumption (kWh) = (Motor Demand) x (Diversity Factor) x (Annual Hours)
3. kW Savings = [(Baseline kW) - ( Proposed kW)] x (12 Months)
4. kWh Savings = (Baseline kWh) - ( Proposed kWh)
5. Energy Cost Savings = Energy Savings (kW or kWh) x (Energy Unit Cost)
M01 Savings (MBtu) = (Boiler Input Rating) x ((1/Tested Efficiency)-(1/Desired Efficiency)) x (Hours per Year
Savings ($) = (MBtu Savings) x (Energy Cost)
M02 1. Heat Loss Rate (mmBtu/hr) = MBLC x (Heating Temp Setpoint - Mean Bin Temp)
2. Heat Load (MBH) = Heat Loss Rate x 1000
3. MBH-hr = Heat Load x Bin Heating Hours / (kW/ton)
4. Fuel Used (mmBtu) =[(MBH-hr) / Efficiency] / 1000
5. mmBtu Saved = (mmBtu)Existing - (mmBtu)Proposed
APPENDIX C - EQUATIONS USED IN CALCULATIONS - KOYUKUK
Building
Characteristics
Space
Heat Cool Ventilation
Education 32.8 4.8 1.6
Food sales 27.5 13.4 4.4
Food service 30.9 19.5 5.3
Health care 55.2 9.9 7.2
Lodging 22.7 8.1 1.7
Mercantile and service 30.6 5.8 2.5
Office 24.3 9.1 5.2
Public assembly 53.6 6.3 3.5
Public order and safety 27.8 6.1 2.3
Religious worship 23.7 1.9 0.9
Storage/Warehouse 15.7 0.9 0.3
Vacant 11.9 0.6 0.3
From the Energy Management Handbook, Turner, 4th Edition Table 13.8 p361
Savings from installing occupancy sensors are as follows
Offices (Private) 25-50%
Offices (Open Spaces)20-25%
Rest Rooms 30-75%
Corridors 30-40%
Storage Areas 45-65%
Meeting Rooms 45-65%
Conference Rooms 45-65%
Warehouses 50-75%
FOR E03
Load factor assumed to be 80% except in some cases. Vacuum pumps assumed 100% load factor.
Diversity factor assumed to be 95%.
FOR C03
Tables 2A and 2B - 1995 Commercial Building Energy Consumption
2003 ASHRAE Applications Handbook, Chapter 35
Energy End-Use (1,000 Btu/ft2-yr)
FOR E02 - Hours Reduced
APPENDIX D
POST INSTALLATION
PHOTOS
APPENDIX D – POST INSTALLATION PHOTOS - KOYUKUK
Completed Insulation Upgrade – City Office Completed Insulation Upgrade - Washeteria
New Furnace at the City Office