HomeMy WebLinkAboutSNP Saint Paul School 2012-EEManaging Office
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Fairbanks, Alaska 99709 Anchorage, Alaska 99517 Juneau, Alaska 99801
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ENERGY AUDIT – FINAL REPORT
PRIBILOF SCHOOL DISTRICT- SAINT PAUL SCHOOL
930 Tolstoi
Saint Paul, Alaska
Prepared for:
Ms. Jamie Stacks
PO Box 905
Saint Paul, Alaska
Prepared by:
David C. Lanning PE, CEA
Steven Billa EIT, CEAIT
July 16, 2012
Acknowledgment: “This material is based upon work supported by the Department of
Energy under Award Number DE-EE0000095”
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, HEALTH & SAFETY
Anch: 3105 Lakeshore Dr. Ste 106A, 99517 907.222.2445 Fax: 222.0915
Fairbanks: 2400 College Road, 99709 907.452.5688 Fax: 452.5694
Juneau: 4402 Thane Road, 99801 907.586.6813 Fax: 586.6819
info@nortechengr.com www.nortechengr.com
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................. 1
2.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 6
2.1 Building Use, Occupancy, Schedules and Description ......................................... 6
2.1.1 Building Use ............................................................................................. 6
2.1.2 Building Occupancy and Schedules ......................................................... 6
2.1.3 Building Description .................................................................................. 6
2.2 Benchmarking ...................................................................................................... 9
2.2.1 Total Energy Use and Cost of 2010 ........................................................ 10
2.2.2 Energy Utilization Index of 2010 ............................................................. 11
2.2.3 Cost Utilization Index of 2010 ................................................................. 12
2.2.4 Seasonal Energy Use Patterns ............................................................... 13
2.2.5 Future Energy Monitoring ....................................................................... 14
3.0 ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND MODELING RESULTS.............................................. 15
3.1 Understanding How AkWarm Models Energy Consumption ............................... 16
3.1.1 AkWarm Calculated Savings for the Saint Paul School .......................... 17
3.1.2 AkWarm Projected Energy Costs after Modifications .............................. 18
3.2 Energy Efficiency Measures Calculated Outside AkWarm ................................. 19
4.0 BUILDING OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE (O & M) .............................................. 20
4.1 Operations and Maintenance ............................................................................. 20
4.2 Building Specific Recommendations .................................................................. 20
Energy Audit – Final Report
Pribilof School District- Saint Paul School
Saint Paul, Alaska
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APPENDICES
Appendix A Recommended Energy Efficiency Measures .......................................... 22
Appendix B Energy Efficiency Measures that are NOT Recommended ..................... 35
Appendix C Significant Equipment List ...................................................................... 37
Appendix D Local Utility Rate Structure ..................................................................... 39
Appendix E Analysis Methodology ............................................................................ 40
Appendix F Audit Limitations ..................................................................................... 41
Appendix G References ............................................................................................. 42
Appendix H Typical Energy Use and Cost – Fairbanks and Anchorage ..................... 43
Appendix I Typical Energy Use and Cost – Continental U.S. ................................... 44
Appendix J List of Conversion Factors and Energy Units .......................................... 45
Appendix K List of Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions .................................... 46
Appendix L Building Floor Plan ................................................................................. 47
Energy Audit – Final Report
Pribilof School District- Saint Paul School
Saint Paul, Alaska
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1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
NORTECH has completed an ASHRAE Level II Energy Audit of the Saint Paul School, a 33,050
square foot facility. The audit began with benchmarking which resulted in a calculation of the
energy consumption per square foot. A site inspection was completed on September 14, 2011
to obtain information about the lighting, heating, ventilation, cooling and other building energy
uses. The existing usage data and current systems were then used to develop a building
energy consumption model using AkWarm.
Once the model was calibrated, a number of Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs) were
developed from review of the data and observations. EEMs were evaluated and ranked on the
basis of both energy savings and cost using a Savings/Investment Ratio (SIR). While these
modeling techniques were successful in verifying that many of the EEMs would save energy,
not all of the identified EEMs were considered cost effective based on the hardware, installation,
and energy costs at the time of this audit.
While the need for a major retrofit can typically be identified by an energy audit, upgrading
specific systems often requires collecting additional data and engineering and design efforts that
are beyond the scope of the Level II energy audit. The necessity and amount of design effort
and cost will vary depending on the scope of the specific EEMs planned and the sophistication
and capability of the entire design team, including the building owners and operators. During
the budgeting process for any major retrofit identified in this report, the building owner should
add administrative and supplemental design costs to cover the individual needs of their own
organization and the overall retrofit project.
The following table, from AkWarm, is a summary of the recommended EEMs for the Saint Paul
School. Additional discussion of the modeling process can be found in Section 3. Details of
each individual EEM can be found in Appendix A of this report. A summary of EEMs that were
evaluated but are not currently recommended is located in Appendix B.
PRIORITY LIST – ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES (EEMs)
Rank Feature/
Location Improvement Description
Estimated
Annual
Energy
Savings
Estimated
Installed
Cost
Savings to
Investment
Ratio, SIR
Simple
Payback
(Years)
1
Setback
Thermostat:
Basement
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for the
Basement space.
$1,993 $200 140 0.1
2 Lighting: Front
Office
Replace with FLUOR CFL, A
Lamp 20W $107 $5 130 0.0
3
Setback
Thermostat:
AHU-1 Gym Area
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for the
AHU-1 Gym Area space.
$1,010 $200 69 0.2
Energy Audit – Final Report
Pribilof School District- Saint Paul School
Saint Paul, Alaska
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PRIORITY LIST – ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES (EEMs)
Rank Feature/
Location Improvement Description
Estimated
Annual
Energy
Savings
Estimated
Installed
Cost
Savings to
Investment
Ratio, SIR
Simple
Payback
(Years)
4 Lighting:
Montessori B + G
Remove Manual Switching and
Add new Occupancy Sensor $318 $100 51 0.3
5 AHU-1, AHU-2,
AHU-3, AHU-4
Install occupancy demand
sensor in Gym AHU to adjust
outside air to vary with
occupancy, adjust dampers to
provide current ASHRAE
standard ventilation
$15,213 $5,000 41 0.3
6 Lighting: HS Hall
Toilet
Replace with FLUOR CFL,
Spiral 23 W $29 $5 36 0.2
7 Lighting: Front
Office
Replace with FLUOR CFL, A
Lamp 9W $27 $5 33 0.2
8 Lighting: Corridor
1- 24/7 lighting
Replace with 2 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic $524 $350 21 0.7
9 Lighting: Jr High
Locker Hall
Replace with 3 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic $786 $525 21 0.7
10 Lighting: Corridor
Z- 24/7 lighting
Replace with 3 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic $785 $525 21 0.7
11
Lighting:
Maintenance
Shop- Task Light
Replace with FLUOR CFL,
Spiral 23 W $17 $5 20 0.3
12
Setback
Thermostat:
AHU-3 Classes
and Library
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for the
AHU-3 Classes and Library
space.
$2,290 $1,600 19 0.7
13
Lighting: Gym
AHU, High
school AHU,
Junior High AHU,
Library AHU
Replace with 14 FLUOR CFL,
Spiral 23 W $114 $50 14 0.4
14
Setback
Thermostat:
AHU-1 Classes
and Locker
Rooms
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for the
AHU-1 Classes and Locker
Rooms space.
$1,352 $1,400 13 1.0
15 Lighting: Entry 1 Replace with LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic $163 $175 13 1.1
16 Lighting:
Montessori B + G
Remove Manual Switching and
Add new Occupancy Sensor $72 $100 12 1.4
17
Setback
Thermostat:
AHU4- Classes
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for the
AHU4- Classes space.
$975 $1,400 9.5 1.4
Energy Audit – Final Report
Pribilof School District- Saint Paul School
Saint Paul, Alaska
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PRIORITY LIST – ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES (EEMs)
Rank Feature/
Location Improvement Description
Estimated
Annual
Energy
Savings
Estimated
Installed
Cost
Savings to
Investment
Ratio, SIR
Simple
Payback
(Years)
18
Lighting: Wt
Room/Shop
Stairwell
Replace with LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic $106 $175 8.5 1.6
19 Lighting: Corridor
1
Replace with 3 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic $319 $525 8.5 1.6
20
Lighting: Wt
Room/Shop
Stairwell
Replace with LED (3) 17W
Module StdElectronic $149 $250 8.4 1.7
21 Lighting: Exit
Lighting
Replace with 21 LED 4W
Module StdElectronic $1,214 $2,352 8.3 1.9
22 Lighting: Boiler
Room
Replace with 4 FLUOR CFL,
Spiral 23 W $27 $20 8.2 0.7
23 Lighting: Corridor
Z
Replace with 5 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic $441 $875 7.1 2.0
24 Lighting:
Woodshop
Replace with 8 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic $705 $1,400 7.1 2.0
25
Lighting: Gym
Hall 2- 24/7
lighting
Replace with 3 LED 17W
Module StdElectronic $259 $525 6.9 2.0
26 Lighting:
Principal
Replace with 4 LED (4) 17W
Module (2) StdElectronic $602 $1,300 6.5 2.2
27 Lighting: 4 Social
Studies
Replace with 8 LED (4) 17W
Module StdElectronic $1,201 $2,600 6.5 2.2
28
Lighting:
Computer Lab
330, Language
Arts 344
Replace with 18 LED (4) 17W
Module (2) StdElectronic $2,688 $5,850 6.5 2.2
29 Lighting: Library Replace with 21 LED (4) 17W
Module (2) StdElectronic $3,100 $6,825 6.4 2.2
30 Lighting: Staff
Lounge
Replace with 3 LED 17W
Module StdElectronic $126 $300 5.9 2.4
31 Lighting: Library
Restrooms B+G
Replace with 2 LED 17W
Module StdElectronic $82 $200 5.7 2.4
32 Lighting: Boys
RR1
Replace with 4 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic $282 $700 5.6 2.5
33
Lighting: Mack's
Office,
12,13,14,17,18,6,
7,8,shop,3,netwo
rk,5,woodshop,1
6,15
Replace with 283 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic $20,027 $49,525 5.6 2.5
34 Lighting: Gym
Hall 2, Lobby
Replace with 14 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic $939 $2,450 5.3 2.6
Energy Audit – Final Report
Pribilof School District- Saint Paul School
Saint Paul, Alaska
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PRIORITY LIST – ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES (EEMs)
Rank Feature/
Location Improvement Description
Estimated
Annual
Energy
Savings
Estimated
Installed
Cost
Savings to
Investment
Ratio, SIR
Simple
Payback
(Years)
35 Lighting: Staff
Lounge
Replace with 2 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic $133 $350 5.3 2.6
36
Lighting:
Montessori
Storage
Replace with FLUOR (4) CFL,
Spiral 20 W $17 $20 5.2 1.2
37 Lighting: Mack's
Office
Replace with LED 17W
Module StdElectronic $34 $100 4.7 2.9
38
Setback
Thermostat:
AHU-2 Classes
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for the
AHU-2 Classes space.
$600 $1,800 4.5 3.0
39 Lighting: Library Replace with 3 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic $168 $525 4.4 3.1
40 Lighting: Library Replace with LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic $56 $175 4.4 3.1
41 Lighting: Gym
Hallway
Replace with 4 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic $199 $700 3.9 3.5
42 Lighting: Jr High
Locker Hall
Replace with 5 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic $408 $875 3.8 2.1
43 Lighting: Staff
Work Room
Replace with 7 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic $334 $1,225 3.8 3.7
44 Lighting: 9
Montessori
Replace with 3 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic $209 $525 3.3 2.5
45 Lighting: Entry
Bathroom
Replace with 2 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic $78 $350 3.1 4.5
46 HVAC And DHW
Replace pump with variable
speed pumps, install outdoor
boiler reset, install vent
damper
$4,683 $23,000 3.1 4.9
47 Lighting: Girls
RR 1
Replace with 4 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic $139 $700 2.7 5.0
48 Lighting: Main
Entry
Replace with 18 LED (2) 4W
Module StdElectronic $277 $1,500 2.5 5.4
49 Lighting:
Montessori B + G
Replace with 4 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic $127 $700 2.5 5.5
50 Lighting: Gym Replace with 2 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic $58 $350 2.3 6.0
51 Lighting:
Counselor
Replace with 2 LED 17W
Module StdElectronic $33 $200 2.3 6.0
52 Lighting: Weight
Room
Replace with 10 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic $253 $1,750 2.0 6.9
Energy Audit – Final Report
Pribilof School District- Saint Paul School
Saint Paul, Alaska
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PRIORITY LIST – ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES (EEMs)
Rank Feature/
Location Improvement Description
Estimated
Annual
Energy
Savings
Estimated
Installed
Cost
Savings to
Investment
Ratio, SIR
Simple
Payback
(Years)
53 Lighting: Sped
Office
Replace with 4 LED 17W
Module (2) StdElectronic $53 $400 1.8 7.6
54 Lighting: Storage
1
Replace with 3 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic $59 $525 1.8 8.9
55
Lighting: Girls
and boys Locker,
Laundry
Replace with 21 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic $448 $3,675 1.7 8.2
56 Lighting: Gym
Replace with 26 LED 100W
Module StdElectronic and
Remove Manual Switching and
Add new Occupancy Sensor
$3,330 $27,000 1.4 8.1
57 Lighting: Front
Office
Replace with 5 LED (3) 17W
Module StdElectronic $120 $1,250 1.3 10
58
Ceiling w/ Attic:
Standard Ceiling
Pitch
Add R-21 blown cellulose
insulation to attic with
Standard Truss.
$4,409 $87,915 1.2 20
TOTAL, cost-effective measures $74,270 $243,127 4.4 3.3
Energy Audit – Final Report
Pribilof School District- Saint Paul School
Saint Paul, Alaska
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2.0 INTRODUCTION
NORTECH contracted with the Alaska Housing Finance Corporation to perform ASHRAE Level
II Energy Audits for publically owned buildings in Alaska. This report presents the findings of
the utility benchmarking, modeling analysis, and the recommended building modifications, and
building use changes that are expected to save energy and money.
The report is organized into sections covering:
• description of the facility,
• the building’s historic energy usage (benchmarking),
• estimating energy use through energy use modeling,
• evaluation of potential energy efficiency or efficiency improvements, and
• recommendations for energy efficiency with estimates of the costs and savings.
2.1 Building Use, Occupancy, Schedules and Description
2.1.1 Building Use
Saint Paul School is used as a K-12 school and is composed of classrooms, a gymnasium, and
offices.
2.1.2 Building Occupancy and Schedules
Saint Paul School has an average of 75 students and 10 staff members Monday through Friday.
The school year is seasonal from the beginning of August to the end of May. Most of the school
operates for 9 hours a day while the Montessori section of the school operates for 5 hours a
day.
2.1.3 Building Description
Saint Paul School is a wood-framed, one-story building on a concrete slab foundation with an
insulated perimeter, constructed in 1973. A later addition added on the wood shop,
maintenance shop and basement.
Building Envelope
Building Envelope: Walls
Wall Type Description Insulation Notes
Exterior Walls Wood-framed with 2x6 studs
spaced 16-inches on center. R-21 of fiberglass batt. No signs of insulation
damage.
Building Envelope: Floors
Floor Type Description Insulation Notes
Existing Floor Concrete slab 2” XPS foam-
perimeter -
Energy Audit – Final Report
Pribilof School District- Saint Paul School
Saint Paul, Alaska
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Heating and Ventilation Systems
The heat in this building is provided by a pair of oil-fired boilers; only one operating at a time.
Circulation pumps distribute heat throughout the building to:
• Baseboard heaters in classrooms
• Heat coils in Air Handling Units (AHUs)
The baseboard heaters are controlled by 33 manual thermostats.
Within Saint Paul School, there are four AHUs:
• AHU-1 provides ventilation and heat to the Gym portion of the building.
• AHU-2 provides ventilation and heat to the Wood Shop, Montessori, and Jr. High section
of the building.
• AHU-3 provides ventilation and heat to the Library and Elementary portion of the
building.
• AHU-4 provides ventilation and heat to the High School portion of the building.
Building Envelope: Roof
Roof Type Description Insulation Notes
All Roofs Cold roofs framed with wood
trusses. R-25 of fiberglass batt.
Insulation has been
disturbed in some areas
and should be re-laid or
replaced
Building Envelope: Doors and Windows
Door and Window
Type Description Estimated
R-Value Notes
Door Type 1 Metal: Foam Core: Flush 2.5 -
Door Type 2 Metal: Foam Core: Quarter Lite 2.0 -
Door Type 3 Metal: Foam Core: Half Lite 1.7 -
Window Type 1 Aluminum: Triple Pane:
<3/8” Glass Spacing 1.5 -
Window Type 2 Aluminum: Triple Pane:
>3/8” Glass Spacing 1.6 -
Window Type 3 Aluminum: Double Pane:
>3/8” Glass Spacing 1.9 -
Energy Audit – Final Report
Pribilof School District- Saint Paul School
Saint Paul, Alaska
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Air Conditioning System
No air conditioning system is installed in the building; however, economizer cooling is possible
with the existing ventilation system.
Energy Management
A DDC system has been newly installed and can control the temperature settings of the AHUs.
Lighting Systems
Most lighting is provided by ceiling-mounted fluorescent fixtures with T12 lamps (1 ½- inch
diameter, 4-foot long). The gymnasium uses 400 watt High Pressure Sodium lamps.
Throughout the building, desk lamps and task light fixtures use incandescent bulbs of various
wattages.
Domestic Hot Water
An 80 gallon indirect hot water heater off the boiler provides domestic hot water for the building.
Energy Audit – Final Report
Pribilof School District- Saint Paul School
Saint Paul, Alaska
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2.2 Benchmarking
Benchmarking building energy use consists of obtaining and then analyzing two years of energy
bills. The original utility bills are necessary to determine the raw usage, and charges as well as
to evaluate the utility’s rate structure. The metered usage of electrical and natural gas
consumption is measured monthly, but heating oil, propane, wood, and other energy sources
are normally billed upon delivery and provide similar information. During benchmarking,
information is compiled in a way that standardizes the units of energy and creates energy use
and billing rate information statistics for the building on a square foot basis. The objectives of
benchmarking are:
• to understand patterns of use,
• to understand building operational characteristics,
• for comparison with other similar facilities in Alaska and across the country, and
• to offer insight in to potential energy savings.
The results of the benchmarking, including the energy use statistics and comparisons to other
areas, are discussed in the following sections.
Energy Audit – Final Report
Pribilof School District- Saint Paul School
Saint Paul, Alaska
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2.2.1 Total Energy Use and Cost of 2010
The energy use profiles below show the energy and cost breakdowns for the Saint Paul School.
The total annual energy usage for the building is 2,510 million BTUs (MMBTUs) at a cost of $
157,511 per year. These charts show the portion of use for a fuel type and the portion of its
cost.
The above charts indicate that the highest portion of energy use is for oil and the highest portion
of cost is for electric. Fuel oil consumption correlates directly to space heating and domestic hot
water while electrical use can correlate to lighting systems, plug loads, and HVAC equipment.
The energy type with the highest cost often provides the most opportunity for savings.
Electric
667
27%
Oil
1,843
73%
Energy Use Total (MMBTU)
Electric,
$103,337
66%
Oil,
$54,174
34%
Energy Cost Total
Energy Audit – Final Report
Pribilof School District- Saint Paul School
Saint Paul, Alaska
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2.2.2 Energy Utilization Index of 2010
The primary benchmarking statistic is the Energy Utilization Index (EUI). The EUI is calculated
from the utility bills and provides a simple snapshot of the quantity of energy actually used by
the building on a square foot and annual basis. The calculation converts the total energy use
for the year from all sources in the building, such as heating fuel and electrical usage, into
British Thermal Units (BTUs). This total annual usage is then divided by the number of square
feet of the building. The EUI units are BTUs per square foot per year.
The benchmark analysis found that the Saint Paul School has an EUI of 76,000 BTUs per
square foot per year.
The EUI is useful in comparing this building’s energy use to that of other similar buildings in
Alaska and in the Continental United States. The EUI can be compared to average energy use
in 2003 found in a study by the U.S. Energy Information Administration of commercial buildings
(abbreviated CBECS, 2006). That report found an overall average energy use of about 90,000
BTUs per square foot per year while studying about 6,000 commercial buildings of all sizes,
types, and uses that were located all over the Continental U.S. (see Table C3 in Appendix I).
In a recent and unpublished state-wide benchmarking study sponsored by the Alaska Housing
Finance Corporation, schools in Fairbanks averaged 62,000 BTUs per square foot and schools
in Anchorage averaged 123,000 BTUs per square foot annual energy use. The chart below
shows the Saint Paul School relative to these values. These findings are discussed further in
Appendix H.
76,000
62,000
123,000
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
Btu/ Sq. Ft Annual Energy Use Index (Total Energy/ SF)
Saint Paul School Fairbanks Schools Anchorage Schools
Energy Audit – Final Report
Pribilof School District- Saint Paul School
Saint Paul, Alaska
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2.2.3 Cost Utilization Index of 2010
Another benchmarking statistic that is useful is the Cost Utilization Index (CUI), which is the cost
for energy used in the building on a square foot basis per year. The CUI is calculated from the
cost for utilities for a year period. The CUI permits comparison of buildings on total energy cost
even though they may be located in areas with differing energy costs and differing heating
and/or cooling climates. The cost of energy, including heating oil, natural gas, and electricity,
can vary greatly over time and geographic location and can be higher in Alaska than other parts
of the country.
The CUI for Saint Paul School is about $4.77. This is based on utility costs from 2010 and the
following rates:
Electricity at $0.54 / kWh ($15.82 / Therm)
# 2 Fuel Oil at $4.15/ gallon ($2.96 / Therm)
The Department of Energy Administration study, mentioned in the previous section (CBECS,
2006) found an average cost of $2.52 per square foot in 2003 for 4,400 buildings in the
Continental U.S (Tables C4 and C13 of CBDES, 2006). Schools in Fairbanks have an average
cost for energy of $2.42 per square foot while Anchorage schools average $2.11 per square
foot. The chart below shows the Saint Paul School relative to these values. More details are
included in Appendix H.
$4.77
$2.42 $2.11
$0.00
$1.00
$2.00
$3.00
$4.00
$5.00
$6.00
Annual Energy Cost Index (Total Cost/ SF)
Saint Paul School Fairbanks Schools Anchorage Schools
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2.2.4 Seasonal Energy Use Patterns
Energy consumption is often highly correlated with seasonal climate and usage variations. The
graphs below show the electric and fuel consumption of this building over the course of two
years. The lowest monthly use is called the baseline use. The electric baseline often reflects
year round lighting consumption while the heating fuel baseline often reflects year round heating
loads. The clear relation of increased energy usage during periods of cold weather can be seen
in the months with higher usage.
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
Jul-09Sep-09Nov-09Jan-10Mar-10May-10Jul-10Sep-10Nov-10Jan-11Mar-11May-11KWH Electrical Consumption
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
Jul-09Sep-09Nov-09Jan-10Mar-10May-10Jul-10Sep-10Nov-10Jan-11Mar-11May-11Gallons Fuel Oil Deliveries
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2.2.5 Future Energy Monitoring
Energy accounting is the process of tracking energy consumption and costs. It is important for
the building owner or manager to monitor and record both the energy usage and cost each
month. Comparing trends over time can assist in pinpointing major sources of energy usage and
aid in finding effective energy efficiency measures. There are two basic methods of energy
accounting: manual and automatic. Manual tracking of energy usage may already be performed
by an administrative assistant: however if the records are not scrutinized for energy use, then
the data is merely a financial accounting. Digital energy tracking systems can be installed. They
display and record real-time energy usage and accumulated energy use and cost. There are
several types which have all of the information accessible via Ethernet browser.
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3.0 ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND MODELING RESULTS
After benchmarking of a building is complete and the site visit has identified the specific systems
in the building, a number of different methods are available for quantifying the overall energy
consumption and to model the energy use. These range from relatively simple spreadsheets to
commercially available modeling software capable of handling complex building systems.
NORTECH has used several of these programs and uses the worksheets and software that
best matches the complexity of the building and specific energy use that is being evaluated.
Modeling of an energy efficiency measure (EEM) requires an estimate of the current energy
used by the specific feature, the estimated energy use of the proposed EEM and its installed
cost. EEMs can range from a single simple upgrade, such as light bulb type or type of motor, to
reprogramming of the controls on more complex systems. While the need for a major retrofit
can typically be identified by an energy audit, the specific system upgrades often require
collecting additional data and engineering and design efforts that are beyond the scope of the
Level II energy audit.
Based on the field inspection results and discussions with the building owners/operators,
auditors developed potential EEMs for the facility. Common EEMs that could apply to almost
every older building include:
• Reduce the envelope heat losses through:
o increased building insulation, and
o better windows and doors
• Reduce temperature difference between inside and outside using setback thermostats
• Upgrade inefficient:
o lights,
o motors,
o refrigeration units, and
o other appliances
• Reduce running time of lights/appliances through:
o motion sensors,
o on/off timers,
o light sensors, and
o other automatic/programmable systems
The objective of the following sections is to describe how the overall energy use of the building
was modeled and the potential for energy savings. The specific EEMs that provide these overall
energy savings are detailed in Appendix A of this report. While the energy savings of an EEM is
unlikely to change significantly over time, the cost savings of an EEM is highly dependent on the
current energy price and can vary significantly over time. An EEM that is not currently
recommended based on price may be more attractive at a later date or with higher energy
prices.
Energy Audit – Final Report
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3.1 Understanding How AkWarm Models Energy Consumption
NORTECH used the AkWarm model for evaluating the overall energy consumption at Saint
Paul School. The AkWarm program was developed by the Alaska Housing Finance Corporation
(AHFC) to model residential energy use. The original AkWarm is the modeling engine behind
the successful residential energy upgrade program that AHFC has operated for a number of
years. In the past few years, AHFC has developed a version of this model for commercial
buildings.
Energy use in buildings is modeled by calculating energy losses and consumption, such as:
• Heat lost through the building envelope components, including windows, doors,
walls, ceilings, crawlspaces, and foundations. These heat losses are computed for
each component based on the area, heat resistance (R-value), and the difference
between the inside temperature and the outside temperature. AkWarm has a library
of temperature profiles for villages and cities in Alaska.
• Window orientation, such as the fact that south facing windows can add heat in the
winter but north-facing windows do not.
• Inefficiencies of the heating system, including the imperfect conversion of fuel oil or
natural gas due to heat loss in exhaust gases, incomplete combustion, excess air,
etc. Some electricity is also consumed in moving the heat around a building through
pumping.
• Inefficiencies of the cooling system, if one exists, due to various imperfections in a
mechanical system and the required energy to move the heat around.
• Lighting requirements and inefficiencies in the conversion of electricity to light;
ultimately all of the power used for lighting is converted to heat. While the heat may
be useful in the winter, it often isn’t useful in the summer when cooling may be
required to remove the excess heat. Lights are modeled by wattage and operational
hours.
• Use and inefficiencies in refrigeration, compressor cooling, and heat pumps. Some
units are more efficient than others. Electricity is required to move the heat from
inside a compartment to outside it. Again, this is a function of the R-Value and the
temperature difference between the inside and outside of the unit.
• Plug loads such as computers, printers, mini-fridges, microwaves, portable heaters,
monitors, etc. These can be a significant part of the overall electricity consumption
of the building, as well as contributing to heat production.
• The schedule of operation for lights, plug loads, motors, etc. is a critical component
of how much energy is used.
AkWarm adds up these heat losses and the internal heat gains based on individual unit usage
schedules. These estimated heat and electrical usages are compared to actual use on both a
yearly and seasonal basis. If the AkWarm model is within 5 % to 10% of the most recent 12
months usage identified during benchmarking, the model is considered accurate enough to
make predictions of energy savings for possible EEMs.
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3.1.1 AkWarm Calculated Savings for the Saint Paul School
Based on the field inspection results and discussions with the building owners/operators,
auditors developed potential EEMs for the facility. These EEMs are then entered into AkWarm
to determine if the EEM saves energy and is cost effective (i.e. will pay for itself). AkWarm
calculates the energy and money saved by each EEM and calculates the length of time for the
savings in reduced energy consumption to pay for the installation of the EEM. AkWarm makes
recommendations based on the Savings/Investment Ratio (SIR), which is defined as ratio of the
savings generated over the life of the EEM divided by the installed cost. Higher SIR values are
better and any SIR above one is considered acceptable. If the SIR of an EEM is below one, the
energy savings will not pay for the cost of the EEM and the EEM is not recommended.
Preferred EEMs are listed by AkWarm in order of the highest SIR.
A summary of the savings from the recommended EEMs are listed in this table.
Description Space
Heating
Water
Heating Lighting Refrigeration Other
Electrical Cooking Clothes
Drying
Ventilation
Fans Total
Existing
Building $73,339 $1,901 $80,673 $2,627 $15,256 $4,616 $598 $3,725 $182,596
With All
Proposed
Retrofits
$52,432 $388 $28,683 $2,627 $15,256 $4,616 $598 $3,725 $108,327
Savings $20,907 $1,513 $51,990 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $74,270
Savings in these categories do not reflect interaction with other categories. So, for example, the
savings in lighting does not affect the added space heating cost to make up for the heat saved
in replacing less-efficient lights with more-efficient lights that waste less heat.
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3.1.2 AkWarm Projected Energy Costs after Modifications
The AkWarm recommended EEMs appear to result in significant savings in lighting and space
heating. The energy cost by end use breakdown was provided by AkWarm based on the field
inspection and does not indicate that all individual fixtures and appliances were directly
measured. The current energy costs are shown below on the left hand bar of the graph and the
projected energy costs, assuming use of the recommended EEMs, are shown on the right.
This graphical format allows easy visual comparison of the various energy requirements of the
facility. In the event that not all recommended retrofits are desired, the proposal energy savings
can be estimated from visual interpretation from this graph.
Energy Audit – Final Report
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3.2 Energy Efficiency Measures Calculated Outside AkWarm
The AkWarm program effectively models wood-framed and other buildings with standard
heating systems and relatively simple HVAC systems. AkWarm models of more complicated
mechanical systems are sometimes poor due to a number of simplifying assumptions and
limited input of some variables. Furthermore, AKWarm is unable to model complex HVAC
systems such as variable frequency motors, variable air volume (VAV) systems, those with
significant digital or pneumatic controls or significant heat recovery capacity. In addition, some
other building methods and occupancies are outside AkWarm capabilities.
This report section is included in order to identify benefits from modifications to those more
complex systems or changes in occupant behavior that cannot be addressed in AkWarm.
The Saint Paul School could be modeled well in AKWarm. Retrofits for the HVAC system were
adequately modeled in AkWarm and did not require additional calculations.
Energy Audit – Final Report
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4.0 BUILDING OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE (O & M)
4.1 Operations and Maintenance
A well-implemented operation and maintenance (O & M) plan is often the driving force behind
energy savings. Such a plan includes preserving institutional knowledge, directing preventative
maintenance, and scheduling regular inspections of each piece of HVAC equipment within the
building. Routine maintenance includes the timely replacement of filters, belts and pulleys, the
proper greasing of bearings and other details such as topping off the glycol tanks. Additional
benefits to a maintenance plan are decreased down time for malfunctioning equipment, early
indications of problems, prevention of exacerbated maintenance issues, and early detection of
overloading/overheating issues. A good maintenance person knows the building’s equipment
well enough to spot and repair minor malfunctions before they become major retrofits.
Operations and Maintenance staff implementing a properly designed O & M plan will:
• Track and document
o Renovations and repairs,
o Utility bills and fuel consumption, and
o System performance.
• Keep available for reference
o A current Building Operating Plan including an inventory of installed systems,
o The most recent available as-built drawings,
o Reference manuals for all installed parts and systems, and
o An up-to-date inventory of on-hand replacement parts.
• Provide training and continuing education for maintenance personnel.
• Plan for commissioning and re-commissioning at appropriate intervals.
Commissioning of a building is the verification that the HVAC systems perform within the design
or usage ranges of the Building Operating Plan. This process ideally, though seldom, occurs as
the last phase in construction. HVAC system operation parameters degrade from ideal over time
due to incorrect maintenance, improper replacement pumps, changes in facility tenants or
usage, changes in schedules, and changes in energy costs or loads. Ideally, re-commissioning
of a building should occur every five to ten years. This ensures that the HVAC system meets
the potentially variable use with the most efficient means.
4.2 Building Specific Recommendations
AHUs and boilers should be regularly serviced to ensure efficient operation. The Saint Paul
School appears be performing excellent maintenance at a consistent schedule.
Energy Audit – Final Report
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APPENDICES
Energy Audit – Final Report
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Appendix A Recommended Energy Efficiency Measures
A number of Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs) are available to reduce the energy use and
overall operating cost for the facility. The EEMs listed below are those recommended by
AkWarm based on the calculated savings/investment ration (SIR) as described in Appendix E.
AkWarm also provides a breakeven cost, which is the maximum initial cost of the EEM that will
still return a SIR of one or greater.
This section describes each recommended EEM and identifies the potential energy savings and
installation costs. This also details the calculation of breakeven costs, simple payback, and the
SIR for each recommendation. The recommended EEMs are grouped together generally by the
overall end use that will be impacted.
A.1 Temperature Control
A total of 33 programmable thermostats should be installed which allow for automatic
temperature setback reducing usage more reliably than manual setbacks. Reduction of the
nighttime temperature set points will decrease the energy usage.
Rank Building Space Recommendation
1 Basement
Implement a Heating Temperature
Unoccupied Setback to 60.0 deg F for the
Basement space.
Installation Cost $200 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 15 Energy Savings
(/yr) $1,993
Breakeven Cost $27,038 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 130 Simple Payback yrs 0
Rank Building Space Recommendation
3 AHU-1 Gym Area
Implement a Heating Temperature
Unoccupied Setback to 60.0 deg F for the
AHU-1 Gym Area space.
Installation Cost $200 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 15 Energy Savings
(/yr) $1,010
Breakeven Cost $13,710 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 69 Simple Payback yrs 0
Rank Building Space Recommendation
12 AHU-3 Classes and Library
Implement a Heating Temperature
Unoccupied Setback to 60.0 deg F for the
AHU-3 Classes and Library space.
Installation Cost $1,600 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 15 Energy Savings (/yr) $2,290
Breakeven Cost $31,073 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 19 Simple Payback yrs 1
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Rank Building Space Recommendation
14 AHU-1 Classes and Locker Rooms
Implement a Heating Temperature
Unoccupied Setback to 60.0 deg F for the
AHU-1 Classes and Locker Rooms space.
Installation Cost $1,400 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 15 Energy Savings (/yr) $1,352
Breakeven Cost $18,345 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 13 Simple Payback yrs 1
Rank Building Space Recommendation
17 AHU4- Classes
Implement a Heating Temperature
Unoccupied Setback to 60.0 deg F for the
AHU4- Classes space.
Installation Cost $1,400 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 15 Energy Savings (/yr) $975
Breakeven Cost $13,229 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 9.4 Simple Payback yrs 1
Rank Building Space Recommendation
38 AHU-2 Classes
Implement a Heating Temperature
Unoccupied Setback to 60.0 deg F for the
AHU-2 Classes space.
Installation Cost $1,800 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 15 Energy Savings (/yr) $600
Breakeven Cost $8,142 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 4.5 Simple Payback yrs 3
A.2 Electrical Loads
A.2.1 Lighting
The electricity used by lighting eventually ends up as heat in the building. In areas where
electricity is more expensive than other forms of energy, or in areas where the summer
temperatures require cooling; this additional heat can be both wasteful and costly. Converting
to more efficient lighting reduces cooling loads in the summer and allows the user to control
heat input in the winter. The conversion from T12 (one and a half inch fluorescent bulbs) to T8
(one inch), T5 (5/8 inch), Compact Fluorescent Lights (CFL), or LED bulbs provides a significant
increase in efficiency. LED bulbs can be directly placed in existing fixtures. The LED bulb
bypasses the ballast altogether, which removes the often irritating, “buzzing” noise that
magnetic ballasts tend to make.
The Montessori area of Saint Paul School is used only part of the day, but during the visit the
lights remained on during unoccupied periods. Adding an occupancy sensor in this area will
save energy.
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
4 Montessori B + G 4 FLUOR (2) T12 4' F40T12 40W Standard
Magnetic with Manual Switching
Remove Manual Switching
and Add new Occupancy
Sensor
Installation Cost $100 Estimated Life of Measure (yr) 25 Energy Savings (/yr) $318
Breakeven Cost $5,124 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 51 Simple Payback (yr) 0
Energy Audit – Final Report
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The price of electricity in Saint Paul is high in comparison to other cities in Alaska, therefore
switching from the existing 40W T12s to more efficient 17W LED lamps will produce significant
energy savings.
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
16 Montessori B + G 2 FLUOR CFL, Spiral 42 W with Manual
Switching
Remove Manual Switching and
Add new Occupancy Sensor
Installation Cost $100 Estimated Life of Measure (yr) 25 Energy Savings (/yr) $72
Breakeven Cost $1,172 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 12 Simple Payback (yr) 1
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
8 Corridor 1- 24/7
lighting
2 FLUOR (2) T12 4' F40T12 40W Standard
Magnetic with Manual Switching
Replace with 2 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic
Installation Cost $350 Estimated Life of Measure (yr) 20 Energy Savings (/yr) $524
Breakeven Cost $7,280 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 21 Simple Payback (yr) 1
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
9 Jr High Locker Hall 3 FLUOR (2) T12 4' F40T12 40W Standard
Magnetic with Manual Switching
Replace with 3 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic
Installation Cost $525 Estimated Life of Measure (yr) 20 Energy Savings (/yr) $786
Breakeven Cost $10,912 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 21 Simple Payback (yr) 1
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
10 Corridor Z- 24/7
lighting
3 FLUOR (2) T12 4' F40T12 40W Standard
Magnetic with Manual Switching
Replace with 3 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic
Installation Cost $525 Estimated Life of Measure (yr) 20 Energy Savings (/yr) $785
Breakeven Cost $10,901 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 21 Simple Payback (yr) 1
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
15 Entry 1
FLUOR (2) T8 4' F32T8 32W Standard
Instant HighLight HighEfficElectronic with
Manual Switching
Replace with LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic
Installation Cost $175 Estimated Life of Measure (yr) 20 Energy Savings (/yr) $163
Breakeven Cost $2,261 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 13 Simple Payback (yr) 1
Energy Audit – Final Report
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Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
18 Wt Room/Shop
Stairwell
FLUOR (2) T12 4' F40T12 40W Standard
Magnetic with Manual Switching
Replace with LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic
Installation Cost $175 Estimated Life of Measure (yr) 20 Energy Savings (/yr) $106
Breakeven Cost $1,492 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 8.5 Simple Payback (yr) 2
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
19 Corridor 1 3 FLUOR (2) T12 4' F40T12 40W Standard
Magnetic with Manual Switching
Replace with 3 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic
Installation Cost $525 Estimated Life of Measure (yr) 20 Energy Savings (/yr) $319
Breakeven Cost $4,473 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 8.5 Simple Payback (yr) 2
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
20 Wt Room/Shop
Stairwell
FLUOR (3) T12 4' F40T12 40W Standard
Magnetic with Manual Switching
Replace with LED (3) 17W
Module StdElectronic
Installation Cost $250 Estimated Life of Measure (yr) 20 Energy Savings (/yr) $149
Breakeven Cost $2,094 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 8.4 Simple Payback (yr) 2
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
23 Corridor Z 5 FLUOR (2) T12 4' F40T12 40W Standard
Magnetic with Manual Switching
Replace with 5 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic
Installation Cost $875 Estimated Life of Measure (yr) 20 Energy Savings (/yr) $441
Breakeven Cost $6,185 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 7.1 Simple Payback (yr) 2
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
24 Woodshop 8 FLUOR (2) T12 4' F40T12 40W Standard
Magnetic with Manual Switching
Replace with 8 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic
Installation Cost $1,400 Estimated Life of Measure (yr) 20 Energy Savings (/yr) $705
Breakeven Cost $9,878 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 7.1 Simple Payback (yr) 2
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
25 Gym Hall 2- 24/7
lighting
3 FLUOR T8 4' F32T8 32W Standard
Instant HighLight HighEfficElectronic with
Manual Switching
Replace with 3 LED 17W
Module StdElectronic
Installation Cost $525 Estimated Life of Measure (yr) 20 Energy Savings (/yr) $259
Breakeven Cost $3,596 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 6.8 Simple Payback (yr) 2
Energy Audit – Final Report
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Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
26 Principal 4 FLUOR (4) T12 4' F40T12 40W Standard
(2) Magnetic with Manual Switching
Replace with 4 LED (4) 17W
Module (2) StdElectronic
Installation Cost $1,300 Estimated Life of Measure (yr) 20 Energy Savings (/yr) $602
Breakeven Cost $8,478 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 6.5 Simple Payback (yr) 2
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
27 4 Social Studies 8 FLUOR (4) T12 4' F40T12 40W Standard
(2) Magnetic with Manual Switching
Replace with 8 LED (4) 17W
Module StdElectronic
Installation Cost $2,600 Estimated Life of Measure (yr) 20 Energy Savings (/yr) $1,201
Breakeven Cost $16,903 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 6.5 Simple Payback (yr) 2
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
28 Computer Lab 330,
Language Arts 344
18 FLUOR (4) T12 4' F40T12 40W
Standard (2) Magnetic with Manual
Switching
Replace with 18 LED (4) 17W
Module (2) StdElectronic
Installation Cost $5,850 Estimated Life of Measure (yr) 20 Energy Savings (/yr) $2,688
Breakeven Cost $37,784 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 6.5 Simple Payback (yr) 2
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
29 Library
21 FLUOR (4) T12 4' F40T12 40W
Standard (2) Magnetic with Manual
Switching
Replace with 21 LED (4) 17W
Module (2) StdElectronic
Installation Cost $6,825 Estimated Life of Measure (yr) 20 Energy Savings (/yr) $3,100
Breakeven Cost $43,328 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 6.3 Simple Payback (yr) 2
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
30 Staff Lounge 3 FLUOR T12 4' F40T12 40W Standard
Magnetic with Manual Switching
Replace with 3 LED 17W
Module StdElectronic
Installation Cost $300 Estimated Life of Measure (yr) 20 Energy Savings (/yr) $126
Breakeven Cost $1,764 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 5.9 Simple Payback (yr) 2
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
31 Library Restrooms
B+G
2 FLUOR T12 F40T12 40W U-Tube
Standard Magnetic with Manual Switching
Replace with 2 LED 17W
Module StdElectronic
Installation Cost $200 Estimated Life of Measure (yr) 20 Energy Savings (/yr) $82
Breakeven Cost $1,146 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 5.7 Simple Payback (yr) 2
Energy Audit – Final Report
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Saint Paul, Alaska
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Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
32 Boys RR1 4 FLUOR (2) T12 4' F40T12 40W Standard
Magnetic with Manual Switching
Replace with 4 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic
Installation Cost $700 Estimated Life of Measure (yr) 20 Energy Savings (/yr) $282
Breakeven Cost $3,946 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 5.6 Simple Payback (yr) 2
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
33
Mack's Office,
12,13,14,17,18,6,7,8,
shop,3,network,5,woo
dshop,16,15
283 FLUOR (2) T12 4' F40T12 40W
Standard Magnetic with Manual
Switching
Replace with 283 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic
Installation Cost $49,525 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 20 Energy Savings (/yr) $20,027
Breakeven Cost $278,793 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 5.6 Simple Payback yrs 2
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
34 Gym Hall 2, Lobby
14 FLUOR (2) T8 4' F32T8 32W Standard
Instant HighLight EfficMagnetic with Manual
Switching
Replace with 14 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic
Installation Cost $2,450 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 20 Energy Savings (/yr) $939
Breakeven Cost $12,947 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 5.3 Simple Payback yrs 3
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
35 Staff Lounge 2 FLUOR (2) T12 4' F40T12 40W Standard
Magnetic with Manual Switching
Replace with 2 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic
Installation Cost $350 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 20 Energy Savings (/yr) $133
Breakeven Cost $1,844 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 5.3 Simple Payback yrs 3
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
36 Montessori Storage INCAN (4) A Lamp, Std 100W with Manual
Switching
Replace with FLUOR (4) CFL,
Spiral 20 W
Installation Cost $20 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 7 Energy Savings (/yr) $17
Breakeven Cost $104 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 5.2 Simple Payback yrs 1
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
37 Mack's Office FLUOR T12 4' F40T12 40W Standard
Magnetic with Manual Switching
Replace with LED 17W Module
StdElectronic
Installation Cost $100 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 20 Energy Savings (/yr) $34
Breakeven Cost $471 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 4.7 Simple Payback yrs 3
Energy Audit – Final Report
Pribilof School District- Saint Paul School
Saint Paul, Alaska
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Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
39 Library 3 FLUOR (2) T12 4' F40T12 40W Standard
Magnetic with Manual Switching
Replace with 3 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic
Installation Cost $525 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 20 Energy Savings (/yr) $168
Breakeven Cost $2,327 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 4.4 Simple Payback yrs 3
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
40 Library FLUOR (2) T12 4' F40T12 40W Standard
Magnetic with Manual Switching
Replace with LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic
Installation Cost $175 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 20 Energy Savings (/yr) $56
Breakeven Cost $775 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 4.4 Simple Payback yrs 3
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
41 Gym Hallway 4 FLUOR (2) T12 4' F40T12 40W Standard
Magnetic with Manual Switching
Replace with 4 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic
Installation Cost $700 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 20 Energy Savings (/yr) $199
Breakeven Cost $2,739 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 3.9 Simple Payback yrs 4
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
42 Jr High Locker Hall 5 FLUOR (2) T12 4' F40T12 40W Standard
Magnetic with Manual Switching
Replace with 5 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic
Installation Cost $875 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 10 Energy Savings (/yr) $408
Breakeven Cost $3,329 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 3.8 Simple Payback yrs 2
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
43 Staff Work Room 7 FLUOR (2) T12 4' F40T12 40W Standard
Magnetic with Manual Switching
Replace with 7 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic
Installation Cost $1,225 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 20 Energy Savings (/yr) $334
Breakeven Cost $4,636 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 3.8 Simple Payback yrs 4
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
44 9 Montessori 3 FLUOR (2) T12 4' F40T12 40W Standard
Magnetic with Manual Switching
Replace with 3 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic
Installation Cost $525 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 10 Energy Savings (/yr) $209
Breakeven Cost $1,710 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 3.3 Simple Payback yrs 3
Energy Audit – Final Report
Pribilof School District- Saint Paul School
Saint Paul, Alaska
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Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
45 Entry Bathroom
2 FLUOR (2) T8 4' F32T8 32W Standard
Instant HighLight HighEfficElectronic with
Manual Switching
Replace with 2 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic
Installation Cost $350 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 20 Energy Savings (/yr) $78
Breakeven Cost $1,086 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 3.1 Simple Payback yrs 4
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
47 Girls RR 1 4 FLUOR (2) T12 4' F40T12 40W Standard
Magnetic with Manual Switching
Replace with 4 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic
Installation Cost $700 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 20 Energy Savings (/yr) $139
Breakeven Cost $1,913 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 2.7 Simple Payback yrs 5
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
48 Main Entry 18 FLUOR (2) CFL, Plug-in 13W Quad
Tube StdElectronic with Manual Switching
Replace with 18 LED (2) 4W
Module StdElectronic
Installation Cost $1,500 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 20 Energy Savings (/yr) $277
Breakeven Cost $3,808 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 2.5 Simple Payback yrs 5
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
49 Montessori B + G 4 FLUOR (2) T12 4' F40T12 40W Standard
Magnetic with Manual Switching
Replace with 4 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic
Installation Cost $700 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 20 Energy Savings (/yr) $127
Breakeven Cost $1,758 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 2.5 Simple Payback yrs 6
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
50 Gym 2 FLUOR (2) T12 4' F40T12 40W Standard
Magnetic with Manual Switching
Replace with 2 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic
Installation Cost $350 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 20 Energy Savings (/yr) $58
Breakeven Cost $809 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 2.3 Simple Payback yrs 6
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
51 Counselor
2 FLUOR T8 4' F32T8 32W Standard
Instant HighLight HighEfficElectronic with
Manual Switching
Replace with 2 LED 17W
Module StdElectronic
Installation Cost $200 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 20 Energy Savings (/yr) $33
Breakeven Cost $457 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 2.3 Simple Payback yrs 6
Energy Audit – Final Report
Pribilof School District- Saint Paul School
Saint Paul, Alaska
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Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
52 Weight Room 10 FLUOR (2) T12 4' F40T12 40W
Standard Magnetic with Manual Switching
Replace with 10 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic
Installation Cost $1,750 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 20 Energy Savings (/yr) $253
Breakeven Cost $3,497 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 2.0 Simple Payback yrs 7
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
53 Sped Office 4 FLUOR T12 4' F40T12 40W Standard (2)
Magnetic with Manual Switching
Replace with 4 LED 17W
Module (2) StdElectronic
Installation Cost $400 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 20 Energy Savings (/yr) $53
Breakeven Cost $728 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 1.8 Simple Payback yrs 8
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
54 Storage 1
3 FLUOR (2) T8 4' F32T8 32W Standard
Instant HighLight HighEfficElectronic with
Manual Switching
Replace with 3 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic
Installation Cost $525 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 25 Energy Savings (/yr) $59
Breakeven Cost $937 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 1.8 Simple Payback yrs 9
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
55 Girls and boys
Locker, Laundry
21 FLUOR (2) T8 4' F32T8 32W Standard
Instant HighLight HighEfficElectronic with
Manual Switching
Replace with 21 LED (2) 17W
Module StdElectronic
Installation Cost $3,675 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 20 Energy Savings (/yr) $448
Breakeven Cost $6,169 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 1.7 Simple Payback yrs 8
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
57 Front Office
5 FLUOR (3) T8 4' F32T8 32W Standard
Program HighLight HighEfficElectronic with
Manual Switching
Replace with 5 LED (3) 17W
Module StdElectronic
Installation Cost $1,250 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 20 Energy Savings (/yr) $120
Breakeven Cost $1,652 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 1.3 Simple Payback yrs 10
Energy Audit – Final Report
Pribilof School District- Saint Paul School
Saint Paul, Alaska
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While the majority of exit lights in Saint Paul School are already efficient LED versions, the
remaining CFL exit lights should also be upgraded to LED versions.
The existing 400 watt metal halide lamps in the gym use a considerable amount of energy and
should be replaced. LED pendants would be economical as these pendants can utilize the
existing pendant hooks, greatly reducing installation costs. Electrical consumption per light will
be reduced from 400 watts to 100 watts per fixture. Color rending will be improved. The
installation of occupancy sensors will provide additional savings.
Various areas of Saint Paul school uses task lighting with incandescent lamps. These
incandescent lamps should be replaced with more efficient compact fluorescent lamps.
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
21 Exit Lighting 21 FLUOR (2) CFL, Plug-in 7W Twin Tube
Magnetic with Manual Switching
Replace with 21 LED 4W
Module StdElectronic
Installation Cost $2,352 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 25 Energy Savings (/yr) $1,214
Breakeven Cost $19,596 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 8.3 Simple Payback yrs 2
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
56 Gym 26 MH 400 Watt Magnetic with Manual
Switching
Replace with 26 LED 100W
Module StdElectronic and
Remove Manual Switching and
Add new Occupancy Sensor
Installation Cost $27,000 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 15 Energy Savings (/yr) $3,330
Breakeven Cost $37,336 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 1.4 Simple Payback yrs 8
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
2 Front Office INCAN A Lamp, Std 150W with Manual
Switching
Replace with FLUOR CFL, A
Lamp 20W
Installation Cost $5 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 7 Energy Savings (/yr) $107
Breakeven Cost $653 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 130 Simple Payback yrs 0
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
6 HS Hall Toilet INCAN A Lamp, Halogen 100W with
Manual Switching
Replace with FLUOR CFL,
Spiral 23 W
Installation Cost $5 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 7 Energy Savings (/yr) $29
Breakeven Cost $179 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 36 Simple Payback yrs 0
Energy Audit – Final Report
Pribilof School District- Saint Paul School
Saint Paul, Alaska
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A.2.2 Other Electrical Loads
Saint Paul School does not have significant electrical loads aside from lighting. The existing
small loads are necessary for operation and cannot be removed.
A.3 Building Envelope: Recommendations for change
A.3.1 Exterior Walls
The existing exterior walls in Saint Paul School are already well insulated. Further insulation on
these walls is not economical at this time.
A.3.2 Foundation and/or Crawlspace
No EEMs are recommended in this area because the perimeter of this building is already
insulated, therefore additional insulation is not economical at this time.
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
7 Front Office INCAN A Lamp, Std 40W with Manual
Switching
Replace with FLUOR CFL, A
Lamp 9W
Installation Cost $5 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 7 Energy Savings (/yr) $27
Breakeven Cost $165 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 33 Simple Payback yrs 0
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
11 Maintenance Shop-
Task Light
INCAN A Lamp, Std 100W with Manual
Switching
Replace with FLUOR CFL,
Spiral 23 W
Installation Cost $5 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 7 Energy Savings (/yr) $17
Breakeven Cost $102 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 20 Simple Payback yrs 0
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
13
Gym AHU,
Highschool AHU,
Junior High AHU,
Library AHU
14 INCAN A Lamp, Std 100W with Manual
Switching
Replace with 14 FLUOR CFL,
Spiral 23 W
Installation Cost $50 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 7 Energy Savings (/yr) $114
Breakeven Cost $705 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 14 Simple Payback yrs 0
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
22 Boiler Room 4 INCAN A Lamp, Halogen 100W with
Manual Switching
Replace with 4 FLUOR CFL,
Spiral 23 W
Installation Cost $20 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 7 Energy Savings (/yr) $27
Breakeven Cost $163 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 8.2 Simple Payback yrs 1
Energy Audit – Final Report
Pribilof School District- Saint Paul School
Saint Paul, Alaska
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A.3.3 Roofing and Ceiling
The existing roof insulation is insufficient. Many areas of the roof insulation have been
damaged or disturbed, reducing the effective R-Value. Cellulose insulation should be added to
the attic after readjustment of the existing insulation to achieve a better R-Value and save
energy.
A.3.4 Windows
No EEMs are recommended in this area. An upgrade to the existing windows to better
insulated fiberglass windows was considered but was not economic.
A.3.5 Doors
No EEMs are recommended in this area. An upgrade to the existing doors to better insulated
doors was considered but was not economic.
A.4 Building Heating System / Air Conditioning
A.4.1 Heating and Heat Distribution
The current heating system currently uses single speed pumps. These pumps should be
replaced with variable speed pumps such as Grundfos Magnas. These pumps have been
shown to save a minimum of 50% of electrical energy over conventional pumps due to the
motor design. Variable speed pumps work well in systems that experience flow variation, as the
pumps are capable of reducing speed when appropriate and reduced speeds save energy.
An outdoor boiler reset system will allow the boilers to use the outside air temperature as the
basis for determining the ideal boiler temperature as well as run both boilers at once if
necessary. The retrofit will reduce the fuel usage by reducing standby and other heat losses
while allowing for better temperature control inside the building.
Installing a vent damper will reduce boiler standby losses.
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
58 Ceiling w/ Attic:
Standard Ceiling
Framing Type: Standard
Framing Spacing: 24 inches
Insulated Sheathing: None
Bottom Insulation Layer: R-25 Batt: FG or
RW, 8 inches
Top Insulation Layer: None
Modeled R-Value: 26.5
Add R-21 blown cellulose
insulation to attic with Standard
Truss.
Installation Cost $87,915 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 30 Energy Savings (/yr) $4,409
Breakeven Cost $104,476 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 1.2 Simple Payback yrs 20
Energy Audit – Final Report
Pribilof School District- Saint Paul School
Saint Paul, Alaska
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A.4.2 Air Conditioning
No EEMs are recommended in this area because there are no air conditioning units present in
Saint Paul School.
A.4.3 Ventilation
Based on field observations, the AHUs in Saint Paul School bring in more air that current
ASHRAE standards require. Outside air that is brought into the building has to be heated during
the winter months in order to avoid cooling down the building. This outside air should be set to
a level that meets minimum ASHRAE standards to avoid heating unnecessary air. Installing
occupancy demand sensors such as CO2 sensors in the gym AHU return duct can reduce the
amount of outside air brought into the gym and maintain air quality. AHUs that provide
ventilation at steady occupancy levels can have the dampers adjusted to provide minimum
ASHRAE standards of ventilation.
A.4.4 Air Changes and Air Tightening
No EEMs are recommended in this area because of the difficulty of quantifying the amount of
leaking air and the savings. However, using a blower door test with an infra-red camera, the
location of significant air leaks can be determined for repair.
Rank Recommendation
46 Replace pump with variable speed pumps, install outdoor boiler reset, install vent damper
Installation Cost $23,000 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 20 Energy Savings (/yr) $4,683
Breakeven Cost $70,432 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 3.1 Simple Payback yrs 5
Rank Recommendation
5 Install occupancy demand sensor in Gym AHU to adjust outside air to vary with occupancy, adjust
dampers to provided minimum ASHRAE standards of ventilation
Installation Cost $5,000 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 15 Energy Savings (/yr) $15,213
Breakeven Cost $206,404 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 41 Simple Payback yrs 0
Energy Audit – Final Report
Pribilof School District- Saint Paul School
Saint Paul, Alaska
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Appendix B Energy Efficiency Measures that are NOT Recommended
As indicated in other sections of the report, a number of potential EEMs were identified that
were determined to be NOT cost effective by the AkWarm model. These EEMs are not
currently recommended on the basis of energy savings alone because each may only save a
small amount of energy, have a high capital cost, or be expensive to install. While each of
these EEMs is not cost effective at this time, future changes in building use such as longer
operating hours, higher energy prices, new fixtures or hardware on the market, and decreases
in installation effort may make any of these EEMs cost effective in the future. These potential
EEMs should be reviewed periodically to identify any changes to these factors that would
warrant re-evaluation.
Although these upgrades are not currently cost effective on an energy cost basis, the fixtures,
hardware, controls, or operational changes described in these EEMs should be considered
when replacing an existing fixture or unit for other reasons. For example, replacing an existing
window with a triple-pane window may not be cost effective based only on energy use, but if a
window is going to be replaced for some other reason, then the basis for a decision is only the
incremental cost of upgrading from a less efficient replacement window to a more efficient
replacement window. That incremental cost difference will have a significantly shorter payback,
especially since the installation costs are likely to be the same for both units.
The following measures were not found to be cost-effective:
Rank Feature/Location Improvement Description
Annual
Energy
Savings
Installed
Cost
Savings to
Investment
Ratio, SIR
Simple
Payback
(Years)
59
Window/Skylight: #18
5/6 grade, #17
2nd/3rd/4th, #13 6th
math, main entry
Replace existing window with
U-0.30 vinyl window $211 $5,798 0.63 27
60
Window/Skylight: #4
Social Studies, #6
Bilingual
Replace existing window with
U-0.30 vinyl window $81 $2,302 0.61 29*
61 Window/Skylight: #8
science
Replace existing window with
U-0.30 vinyl window $39 $1,152 0.58 30
62 Window/Skylight: #16
head start
Replace existing window with
U-0.30 vinyl window $18 $582 0.54 32
63
Window/Skylight: #16
head start, 14 sped
dept., library arctic
entry
Replace existing window with
U-0.30 vinyl window $164 $5,495 0.52 34
64 Window/Skylight:
main entry
Replace existing window with
U-0.30 vinyl window $62 $2,772 0.39 45
65
Window/Skylight:
computer lab,
language arts,
K/1st/2nd 347
Replace existing window with
U-0.30 vinyl window $70 $3,515 0.35 50
66 Above-Grade Wall: 8
foot walls
Install R-10 rigid foam board
to exterior and cover with T1-
11 siding or equivalent.
$984 $82,109 0.28 83
Energy Audit – Final Report
Pribilof School District- Saint Paul School
Saint Paul, Alaska
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The following measures were not found to be cost-effective:
Rank Feature/Location Improvement Description
Annual
Energy
Savings
Installed
Cost
Savings to
Investment
Ratio, SIR
Simple
Payback
(Years)
67 Window/Skylight: #7
board room
Replace existing window with
U-0.30 vinyl window $15 $1,152 0.23 75
68 Above-Grade Wall:
12 foot walls
Install R-5 rigid foam board to
exterior and cover with T1-11
siding or equivalent.
$112 $14,750 0.18 130
Energy Audit – Final Report
Pribilof School District- Saint Paul School
Saint Paul, Alaska
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Appendix C Significant Equipment List
HVAC Equipment
Equipment Manufacturer Model No. Fuel Type Estimated
Efficiency Notes
Boiler 1- B1 Well McLain 80 #2 Fuel Oil 81%
Estimated Input
Rating
634,000 BTU/hr
Boiler 2- B2 Well McLain 81 #2 Fuel Oil 81%
Estimated Input
Rating
634,000 BTU/hr
Pump CP-1A Grundfos UPS 40-80/4F Electric n/a 1/2 HP
Pump CP-1B Grundfos UPS 40-80/4F Electric n/a 1/2 HP
Pump CP-2A Grundfos UPS 40-160 F Electric n/a 3/4 HP
Pump CP-2B Grundfos UPS 40-160 F Electric n/a 3/4 HP
Pump 5 Grundfos UMCO-50-80 Electric n/a 1/2 HP
Pump 6 Grundfos UMCO-50-80 Electric n/a 1/2 HP
Pump 7 Grundfos UP 26-64 F Electric n/a 1/12 HP
Pump 8 Grundfos UP 26-64 F Electric n/a 1/12 HP
Pump 9 Grundfos UP 26-64 F Electric n/a 1/12 HP
Lighting
Location Lighting Type Bulb Type Quantity KWH/YR Cost/YR
Mack's Office,
12,13,14,17,18,6,7,8,
shop,3,network,5,woodshop,16,15
Fluorescent T12 289 64,127 $ 34,629
Library Fluorescent T12 21 9,876 5,333
Gym Metal Halide 400W 26 8,795 4,749
Computer Lab 330, Language Arts
344 Fluorescent T12 18 8,365 4,517
4 Social Studies Fluorescent T12 8 3,718 2,008
Exit Lighting Fluorescent CFL 21 3,305 1,785
Gym Hall 2, Lobby Fluorescent T8 14 3,269 1,765
Jr. High Locker Hall Fluorescent T12 3 2,572 1,389
Corridor 2 Fluorescent T12 3 2,572 1,389
Woodshop Fluorescent T12 8 2,228 1,203
Principal Fluorescent T12 4 1,859 1,004
Girls and Boys Locker, Laundry Fluorescent T8 21 1,844 996
Corridor 1 Fluorescent T12 2 1,714 926
Corridor 2 Fluorescent t12 5 1,392 752
Jr. High Locker Hall Fluorescent T12 5 1,377 744
Main Entry Fluorescent CFL 18 1,249 683
Staff Work Room Fluorescent T12 7 1,100 594
Montessori B + G Fluorescent T12 4 1,097 592
Corridor 1 Fluorescent T12 3 1,001 540
Energy Consumption calculated by AkWarm based on wattage, schedule, and an electricity rate of $0.54/kWh
Energy Audit – Final Report
Pribilof School District- Saint Paul School
Saint Paul, Alaska
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Plug Loads
Equipment Location Manufacturer KWH/YR Cost/YR
Server Tower Network Varies 5,960 $ 3,218
Computer Towers Entire Building Varies 3,856 2,082
Laptops Entire Building Varies 3,727 2,013
Computer Monitors Entire Building Varies 1,890 1,021
Smart Boards Entire Building Smart TM 1,628 879
Grow Lights Science n/a 820 443
Energy Consumption calculated by AkWarm based on wattage, schedule, and an electricity rate of $0.54/kWh
Energy Audit – Final Report
Pribilof School District- Saint Paul School
Saint Paul, Alaska
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Appendix D Local Utility Rate Structure
The information in this section was provided directly from the local utility or gathered from the
local utility’s publicly available information at the time of the audit. All language used in this
section was provided by the local utility and believed to be current at the time of the audit.
Energy use terms, specific fees, and other specific information are subject to change. Updated
rate structure information should be gathered from the utility during future discussion of rates,
rate structures and utility pricing agreements.
City of Saint Paul Rate Structure:
The City of Saint Paul owns the electric company as well as the buildings that were audited
including the Polar Star, Public Works Building, City Maintenance Building, Fire Station, and
City Hall. The city has a method of internal billing.
The building is charged $0.54 per kWh for all kWh’s below 33,530 which is the amount that
qualifies the city for assistance under the power cost equalization program. After this mark, the
electric rate increases.
Utility Charge (kWh charge)
This charge is multiplied by the number of kilowatt-hours (kWh) used in a monthly billing period.
It covers the costs to maintain power plants and substations, interest on loans as well as wires,
power poles and transformers.
Regulatory Charge
This charge of .000492 per kWh is set by the Regulatory Commission of Alaska (RCA). Since
November 1, 1992, the Regulatory Commission of Alaska has been funded by a Regulatory
Charge to the utilities it regulates rather than through the State general fund. The charge,
labeled "Regulatory Cost Charge." on your bill, is set by the RCA, and applies to all retail
kilowatt-hours sold by regulated electric utilities in Alaska.
Energy Audit – Final Report
Pribilof School District- Saint Paul School
Saint Paul, Alaska
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Appendix E Analysis Methodology
Data collected was processed using AkWarm energy use software to estimate current energy
consumption by end usage and calculate energy savings for each of the proposed energy
efficiency measures (EEMs). In addition, separate analysis may have been conducted to
evaluate EEMs that AkWarm cannot effectively model to evaluate potential reductions in annual
energy consumption. Analyses were conducted under the direct supervision of a Certified
Energy Auditor, Certified Energy Manager, or a Professional Engineer.
EEMs are evaluated based on building use, maintenance and processes, local climate
conditions, building construction type, function, operational schedule and existing conditions.
Energy savings are calculated based on industry standard methods and engineering
estimations. Each model created in AkWarm is carefully compared to existing utility usage
obtained from utility bills. The AkWarm analysis provides a number of tools for assessing the
cost effectiveness of various improvement options. The primary assessment value used in this
audit report is the Savings/Investment Ratio (SIR). The SIR is a method of cost analysis that
compares the total cost savings through reduced energy consumption to the total cost of a
project over its assumed lifespan, including both the construction cost and ongoing maintenance
and operating costs. Other measurement methods include Simple Payback, which is defined as
the length of time it takes for the savings to equal the total installed cost and Breakeven Cost,
which is defined as the highest cost that would yield a Savings/Investment Ratio of one.
EEMs are recommended by AkWarm in order of cost-effectiveness. AkWarm first calculates
individual SIRs for each EEM, and then ranks the EEMs by SIR, with higher SIRs at the top of
the list. An individual EEM must have a SIR greater than or equal to one in order to be
recommended by AkWarm . Next AkWarm modifies the building model to include the installation
of the first EEM and then re-simulates the energy use. Then the remaining EEMs are re-
evaluated and ranked again. AkWarm goes through this iterative process until all suggested
EEMs have been evaluated.
Under this iterative review process, the savings for each recommended EEM is calculated
based on the implementation of the other, more cost effective EEMs first. Therefore, the
implementation of one EEM affects the savings of other EEMs that are recommended later.
The savings from any one individual EEM may be relatively higher if the individual EEM is
implemented without the other recommended EEMs. For example, implementing a reduced
operating schedule for inefficient lighting may result in relatively higher savings than
implementing the same reduced operating schedule for newly installed lighting that is more
efficient. If multiple EEMs are recommended, AkWarm calculates a combined savings.
Inclusion of recommendations for energy savings outside the capability of AkWarm will impact
the actual savings from the AkWarm projections. This will almost certainly result in lower
energy savings and monetary savings from AkWarm recommendations. The reality is that only
so much energy is consumed in a building. Energy savings from one EEM reduces the amount
of energy that can be saved from additional EEMs. For example, installation of a lower wattage
light bulb does not save energy or money if the bulb is never turned on because of a schedule
or operational change at the facility.
Energy Audit – Final Report
Pribilof School District- Saint Paul School
Saint Paul, Alaska
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Appendix F Audit Limitations
The results of this audit are dependent on the input data provided and can only act as an
approximation. In some instances, several EEMs or installation methods may achieve the
identified potential savings. Actual savings will depend on the EEM selected, the price of
energy, and the final installation and implementation methodology. Competent tradesmen and
professional engineers may be required to design, install, or otherwise implement some of the
recommended EEMs. This document is an energy use audit report and is not intended as a
final design document, operation, and maintenance manual, or to take the place of any
document provided by a manufacturer or installer of any device described in this report.
Cost savings are calculated based on estimated initial costs for each EEM. Estimated costs
include labor and equipment for the full up-front investment required to implement the EEM.
The listed installation costs within the report are conceptual budgetary estimates and should not
be used as design estimates. The estimated costs are derived from Means Cost Data, industry
publications, local contractors and equipment suppliers, and the professional judgment of the
CEA writing the report and based on the conditions at the time of the audit.
Cost and energy savings are approximations and are not guaranteed.
Additional significant energy savings can usually be found with more detailed auditing
techniques that include actual measurements of electrical use, temperatures in the building and
HVAC ductwork, intake and exhaust temperatures, motor runtime and scheduling, and infrared,
air leakage to name just a few. Implementation of these techniques is the difference between a
Level III Energy Audit and the Level II Audit that has been conducted.
Disclaimer: "This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the
United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor
any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability
or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus,
product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned
rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name,
trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement,
recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The
views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the
United States Government or any agency thereof."
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Pribilof School District- Saint Paul School
Saint Paul, Alaska
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Appendix G References
Although not all documents listed below are specifically referenced in this report, each contains
information and insights considered valuable to most buildings.
Alaska Department of Education and Early Development; Education Support Services/Facilities.
(1999). Alaska School Facilities Preventative Maintenance Handbook. Juneau, AK:
Alaska Department of Education and Early Development.
Alaska Housing Finance Corportation. (2010). Retrofit Energy Assessment for Loans. AHFC.
ASHRAE. (1997). 1997 ASHRAE Handbook: Fundamentals. Atlanta, GA: ASHRAE.
ASHRAE. (2007). ASHRAE Standard 105-2007 Expressing and Comparing Building Energy
Performance. Retrieved from ASHRAE: www.ashrae.org
ASHRAE. (2007). ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007 Energy Standards for buildings Except Low-
Rise Residential Buildings. Retrieved from ASHRAE: www.ashrae.org
ASHRAE. (2010). ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2010 Ventilaton for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality.
Retrieved from ASHRAE: www.ashrae.org
ASHRAE. (2010). ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2010 Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality in
Low Rise Residential Buildings. Retrieved from ASHRAE: www.ashrae.org
ASHRAE RP-669 and SP-56. (2004). Procedures for Commercial Building Energy Audits.
Atlanta, GA: ASHRAE.
Coad, W. J. (1982). Energy Engineering and Management for Building Systems. Scarborough,
Ontario, Canada: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company.
Daley, D. T. (2008). The Little Black Book of Reliability Management. New York, NY: Industrial
Press, Inc.
Federal Energy Management Program. (2004, March 3). Demand Controlled Ventilation Using
CO2 Sensors. Retrieved 2011, from US DOE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy:
http://www.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/fta_co2.pdf
Federal Energy Management Program. (2006, April 26). Low-Energy Building Design
Guidelines. Retrieved 2011, from Department of Energy; Federal Energy Management
Program: http://www.eren.doe.gov/femp/
Institute, E. a. (2004). Variable Speed Pumping: A Guide to Successful Applications. Oxford,
UK: Elsevier Advanced Technology.
International Code Council. (2009). International Energy Conservation Code. Country Club Hills,
IL: International Code Council, Inc.
Leach, M., Lobato, C., Hirsch, A., Pless, S., & Torcellini, P. (2010, September). Technical
Support Document: Strategies for 50% Energy Savings in Large Office Buildings.
Retrieved 2011, from National Renewable Energy Laboratory:
http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy10osti/49213.pdf
Thumann, P.E., C.E.M., A., Younger, C.E.M., W. J., & Niehus, P.E., C.E.M., T. (2010).
Handbook of Energy Audits Eighth Edition. Lilburn, GA: The Fairmont Press, Inc.
U.S. Energy Information Administration. (2006). Commercial Building Energy Consumption
Survey (CBECS). Retrieved 2011, from Energy Information Administration:
http://www.eia.gov/emeu/cbecs/
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Pribilof School District- Saint Paul School
Saint Paul, Alaska
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Appendix H Typical Energy Use and Cost – Fairbanks and Anchorage
This report provides data on typical energy costs and use on selected building in Fairbanks and
Anchorage, Alaska for comparative purposes only. The values provided by the US Energy
Information Administration CBECS study included a broader range of building types for the
Continental U.S. are not necessarily good comparatives for buildings and conditions in Alaska.
An assortment of values from CBECS may be found in Appendix I.
The Alaska data described in this report came from a benchmarking study NORTECH and other
Technical Services Providers (TSPs) completed on publicly owned buildings in Alaska under
contract with AHFC. This study acquired actual utility data for municipal buildings and schools
in Alaska for the two recent full years. The utility data included costs and quantities including
fuel oil, electricity, propane, wood, steam, and all other energy source usage. This resulted in a
database of approximately 900 buildings. During the course of the benchmarking study, the
comparisons made to the CBECS data appeared to be inappropriate for various reasons.
Therefore, this energy use audit report references the average energy use and energy cost of
Anchorage and Fairbanks buildings as described below.
The Alaska benchmarking data was evaluated in order to find valid comparison data. Buildings
with major energy use information missing were eliminated from the data pool. After detailed
scrutiny of the data, the most complete information was provided to NORTECH by the
Fairbanks North Star Borough School District (FNSBSD) and the Anchorage School District
(ASD). The data sets from these two sources included both the actual educational facilities as
well as the district administrative buildings and these are grouped together in this report as
Fairbanks and Anchorage schools. These two sources of information, being the most complete
and reasonable in-state information, have been used to identify an average annual energy
usage for Fairbanks and for Anchorage in order to provide a comparison for other facilities in
Alaska.
Several factors may limit the comparison of a specific facility to these regional indicators. In
Fairbanks, the FNSBSD generally uses number two fuel oil for heating needs and electricity is
provided by Golden Valley Electric Association (GVEA). GVEA produces electricity from a coal
fired generation plant with additional oil generation upon demand. A few of the FNSBSD
buildings in this selection utilize district steam and hot water. The FNSBSD has recently (the
last ten years) invested significantly in envelope and other efficiency upgrades to reduce their
operating costs. Therefore a reader should be aware that this selection of Fairbanks buildings
has energy use at or below average for the entire Alaska benchmarking database.
Heating in Anchorage is through natural gas from the nearby natural gas fields. Electricity is
also provided using natural gas. As the source is nearby and the infrastructure for delivery is in
place, energy costs are relatively low in the area. As a result, the ASD buildings have lower
energy costs, but higher energy use, than the average for the entire benchmarking database.
These special circumstances should be considered when comparing the typical annual energy
use for particular buildings.
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Pribilof School District- Saint Paul School
Saint Paul, Alaska
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Appendix I Typical Energy Use and Cost – Continental U.S.
Released: Dec 2006
Next CBECS will be conducted in 2007
Table C3. Consumption and Gross Energy Intensity for Sum of Major Fuels for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003
All Buildings* Sum of Major Fuel Consumption
Number of
Buildings
(thousand)
Floor space
(million
square feet)
Floor space
per Building
(thousand
square feet)
Total
(trillion
BTU)
per
Building
(million
BTU)
per
Square
Foot
(thousand
BTU)
per
Worker
(million
BTU)
All Buildings* 4,645 64,783 13.9 5,820 1,253 89.8 79.9
Building Floor space (Square Feet)
1,001 to 5,000 2,552 6,789 2.7 672 263 98.9 67.6
5,001 to 10,000 889 6,585 7.4 516 580 78.3 68.7
10,001 to 25,000 738 11,535 15.6 776 1,052 67.3 72.0
25,001 to 50,000 241 8,668 35.9 673 2,790 77.6 75.8
50,001 to 100,000 129 9,057 70.4 759 5,901 83.8 90.0
100,001 to 200,000 65 9,064 138.8 934 14,300 103.0 80.3
200,001 to 500,000 25 7,176 289.0 725 29,189 101.0 105.3
Over 500,000 7 5,908 896.1 766 116,216 129.7 87.6
Principal Building Activity
Education 386 9,874 25.6 820 2,125 83.1 65.7
Food Sales 226 1,255 5.6 251 1,110 199.7 175.2
Food Service 297 1,654 5.6 427 1,436 258.3 136.5
Health Care 129 3,163 24.6 594 4,612 187.7 94.0
Inpatient 8 1,905 241.4 475 60,152 249.2 127.7
Outpatient 121 1,258 10.4 119 985 94.6 45.8
Lodging 142 5,096 35.8 510 3,578 100.0 207.5
Retail (Other Than Mall) 443 4,317 9.7 319 720 73.9 92.1
Office 824 12,208 14.8 1,134 1,376 92.9 40.3
Public Assembly 277 3,939 14.2 370 1,338 93.9 154.5
Public Order and Safety 71 1,090 15.5 126 1,791 115.8 93.7
Religious Worship 370 3,754 10.1 163 440 43.5 95.6
Service 622 4,050 6.5 312 501 77.0 85.0
Warehouse and Storage 597 10,078 16.9 456 764 45.2 104.3
Other 79 1,738 21.9 286 3,600 164.4 157.1
Vacant 182 2,567 14.1 54 294 20.9 832.1
This report references the Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS), published by the U.S.
Energy Information Administration in 2006. Initially this report was expected to compare the annual energy
consumption of the building to average national energy usage as documented below. However, a direct comparison
between one specific building and the groups of buildings outlined below yielded confusing results. Instead, this
report uses a comparative analysis on Fairbanks and Anchorage data as described in Appendix F. An abbreviated
excerpt from CBECS on commercial buildings in the Continental U.S. is below.
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Saint Paul, Alaska
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Appendix J List of Conversion Factors and Energy Units
1 British Thermal Unit is the energy required to raise one pound of water one degree F°
1 Watt is approximately 3.412 BTU/hr
1 horsepower is approximately 2,544 BTU/hr
1 horsepower is approximately 746 Watts
1 "ton of cooling” is approximately 12,000 BTU/hr, the amount of power required to
melt one short ton of ice in 24 hours
1 Therm = 100,000 BTU
1 KBTU = 1,000 BTU
1 KWH = 3413 BTU
1 KW = 3413 BTU/Hr
1 Boiler HP = 33,400 BTU/Hr
1 Pound Steam = approximately 1000 BTU
1 CCF of natural gas = approximately 1 Therm
1 inch H2O = 250 Pascal (Pa) = 0.443 pounds/square inch (psi)
1 atmosphere (atm) = 10,1000 Pascal (Pa)
BTU British Thermal Unit
CCF 100 Cubic Feet
CFM Cubic Feet per Minute
GPM Gallons per minute
HP Horsepower
Hz Hertz
kg Kilogram (1,000 grams)
kV Kilovolt (1,000 volts)
kVA Kilovolt-Amp
kVAR Kilovolt-Amp Reactive
KW Kilowatt (1,000 watts)
KWH Kilowatt Hour
V Volt
W Watt
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Saint Paul, Alaska
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Appendix K List of Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
ACH Air Changes per Hour
AFUE Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency
Air Economizer A duct, damper, and automatic control system that
allows a cooling system to supply outside air to reduce
or eliminate the need for mechanical cooling.
Ambient Temperature Average temperature of the surrounding air
Ballast A device used with an electric discharge lamp to cause
the lamp to start and operate under the proper circuit
conditions of voltage, current, electrode heat, etc.
CO2 Carbon Dioxide
CUI Cost Utilization Index
CDD Cooling Degree Days
DDC Direct Digital Control
EEM Energy Efficiency Measure
EER Energy Efficient Ratio
EUI Energy Utilization Index
FLUOR Fluorescent
Grade The finished ground level adjoining a building at the
exterior walls
HDD Heating Degree Days
HVAC Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning
INCAN Incandescent
NPV Net Present Value
R-value Thermal resistance measured in BTU/Hr-SF-̊F (Higher
value means better insulation)
SCFM Standard Cubic Feet per Minute
Savings to Investment Ratio (SIR) Savings over the life of the EEM divided by Investment
capital cost. Savings includes the total discounted dollar
savings considered over the life of the improvement.
Investment in the SIR calculation includes the labor and
materials required to install the measure.
Set Point Target temperature that a control system operates the
heating and cooling system
Simple payback A cost analysis method whereby the investment cost of
an EEM is divided by the first year’s savings of the EEM
to give the number of years required to recover the cost
of the investment.
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Saint Paul, Alaska
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Appendix L Building Floor Plan
Fire Plan provided by Pribilof School District