HomeMy WebLinkAboutASRC-AKP-RSA Anaktuvuk Pass Fire Station 2012-EERichard S. Armstrong, PE, LLC
Mechanical/Electrical Engineer
Comprehensive Energy Audit
of
Fire Station
Anaktuvuk Pass, Alaska
Project # ASRC AKP RSA 02
Prepared for:
North Slope Borough CIPM
Phone: 907 852 0489
Barrow, Alaska
January 23, 2012
Prepared by:
Richard S. Armstrong, PE, LLC
2321 Merrill Field Drive, C$6
Anchorage, AK 99501
and
RSA Engineering, Inc.
2422 Arctic Blvd., Suite 200
Anchorage, AK 99503
Anaktuvuk Pass Fire Station Comprehensive Energy Audit
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Report Disclaimers 3
2. Executive Summary 4
3. Audit and Analysis Background 6
4. Acknowledgements 8
5. Building Description & Function 8
6. Historic Energy Consumption 10
7. Energy Efficiency Measures Considered or Recommended 10
8. Interactive Effects of Projects 11
9. Loan Program 12
Appendix A: Photos 13
Appendix B: AkWarm C Report 20
Appendix C: Building Schedules and Plans 25
Performed by: ___________________________
Richard Armstrong, PE, CEM
CEA #178, CEM # 13557
Reviewed by: ___________________________
Richard Armstrong, PE, CEM
CEA #178, CEM # 13557
Anaktuvuk Pass Fire Station Comprehensive Energy Audit
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1. Report Disclaimers
The information contained in this report, including any attachments, is
intended solely for use by the building owner and the AHFC. No others
are authorized to disclose, copy, distribute or retain this report, in whole or
part, without written authorization from Richard S. Armstrong, PE, LLC,
2321 Merrill Field Drive, C$6, Anchorage, AK 99501. Additionally, this
report contains recommendations that, in the opinion of the auditor, will
cause the owner to realize energy savings over time. All
recommendations must be designed by a registered engineer, licensed in
the State of Alaska, in the appropriate discipline. Lighting
recommendations should all be first reviewed by running a lighting
analysis to assure that the recommended lighting upgrades will comply
with State of Alaska Statue as well as IES recommendations.
Payback periods may well vary from those forecast due to the uncertainty
of the final installed design, configuration, equipment selected, and
installation costs of recommended Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs), or
the operating schedules and maintenance provided by the owner.
Furthermore, EEMs are typically interactive, so implementation of one
EEM may impact the cost savings from another EEM. Neither the auditor,
Richard S. Armstrong, PE, LLC, AHFC, or others involved in preparation of
this report will accept liability for financial loss due to EEMs that fail to
meet the forecasted payback periods.
This audit meets the criteria of an Investment Grade Audit (IGA) per the
Association of Energy Engineers definition, and is valid for one year. The
life of the IGA may be extended on a case$by$case basis, at the discretion
of the AHFC.
IGSs are the property of the State, and may be incorporated into AkWarm$
C, the Alaska Energy Data Inventory (ARIS), or other state and/or public
information system.
Anaktuvuk Pass Fire Station Comprehensive Energy Audit
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Investment Grade Energy Audit
Anaktuvuk Pass Fire Station
2. Executive Summary:
The Anaktuvuk Pass Fire Station is a 4,577 sq ft. structure on piles,
constructed with prefabricated insulated wall, ceiling and floor
panels. Over half of the building footprint is an apparatus bay
housing fire and life safety emergency response vehicles. This
building is occupied 24/7 by the village fire department Chief and
also houses 2$3 firemen on dayshift. The facility was constructed
based on a prototypical design in the 1980s concurrent with the
construction of similar stations in other NSB villages.
The facility is owned and operated by the North Slope Borough
(NSB). Benchmark energy use data collected for this building is
presented in Table 1 below:
Table 1
2009 2009 2010 2010
Utility Consumption Cost/Year Consumption Cost/Year
Electricity$kWh 57,714 $18,400 41,352 $12,356
No. 2 Fuel Oil $
Gallons
*2,431 *$11,717 2,431 $11,717
Heat Recovery $
MMbtu
**239 $0 **239 $0
Ttl Energy Costs $30,117 $24,541
* No fuel data available for 2009, 2010 fuel data utilized
** Heat recovery data from BTU meter commissioned January 2009, See Photos Appendix A
A benchmark measure of energy use relative to other similar function
buildings in the area is the Energy Use Index (EUI), which takes the
total annual energy used by the facility divided by the square footage
area of the building, for a value expressed in terms of kBTU/SF.
This number can then be compared to other buildings to see if it is
about average, higher or lower than similar buildings in the area.
Likewise, the Energy Cost Index (ECI) is the cost of all energy used
by the building expressed in $/SF of building area. The comparative
values for the subject building are listed in Table 2:
Anaktuvuk Pass Fire Station Comprehensive Energy Audit
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Table 2
Anaktuvuk Pass
Fire Station
Anaktuvuk Pass
Nunamuit
School
Kaktovik
Public Safety
Office
Energy Use Index (EUI)
kBTU/SF Avg 2009, 2010
163.5 128.07 236.2
Energy Cost Index (ECI)
Average 2009, 2010
$5.97 $5.99 $9.10
Various Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs) have been analyzed for
this building to determine if they would be applicable for energy
savings with reasonably good payback periods. Those EEMs that
have a payback period or those that are recommended for code
compliance, life cycle replacement, or other reasons are also
included.
Specific EEMs recommended for this facility are detailed in the
attached AkWarm Energy Audit Report along with specific payback
times, as well as estimated installation costs and estimated energy
savings. The higher priority items are summarized below:
a. Reduce Thermostat Set Points: Most of spaces in the
building have a daytime heating setpoint of 70 degrees. It is
recommended that the nightime setpoint be reduced to 60
degrees F. The lower nighttime setback alone would save
approximately $1,544 per year. Costs for this measure are
limited to the installation of nighttime setback programmable
thermostats. The payback for this measure would be
approximately 1 year.
b. Install automatic overhead door closures to ensure minimal
infiltration: It was observed that during emergency calls the
overhead doors may remain as there is often only one
responder on staff. This results in a high amount of
infiltration into this facility. It is recommended that a blower
door test be performed to identify other potential sources of
infiltration, and an automatic door closure be installed to
reduce heat loss due to infiltration.
Anaktuvuk Pass Fire Station Comprehensive Energy Audit
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In addition to EEMs, various Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs)
are recommended that were not part of the energy audit model.
Some involve a modest capital investment. Others are policies or
procedures that are followed by management and employees that
require no capital outlay. Examples of recommended ECMs for this
facility include:
1. Turn off computers, monitors, printers, faxes, coffee
makers, etc when not in use.
The priority recommendations in the detailed report estimate to save
$3,206/year, with an installed cost of $9,600 for a 3 year payback.
This does not include design or CA services, but overall it does
indicate a cost effective energy savings program.
3. Audit and Analysis Background:
a. Program Description: This audit included services to identify,
develop, and evaluate energy efficiency measures at the
subject building. The scope of this project included evaluating
the building shell, lighting, other electrical systems, and
heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment.
Measures were selected such that an overall simple payback
period of 8 years or less could be achieved.
b. Audit Description and Methodology: Preliminary audit
information was gathered in preparation for the site survey,
including benchmark utility consumption data, floor and lighting
plans, and equipment schedules where available. A site visit
was performed to inventory and evaluate the actual building
condition, including:
i. Building envelope (roof, windows, etc)
ii. Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning
iii. Lighting systems and controls
iv. Building specific equipment
v. Plumbing systems
c. Method of Analysis: The information gathered prior to the site
visit and at the site visit is entered into AkWarm$C, an energy
Anaktuvuk Pass Fire Station Comprehensive Energy Audit
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modeling developed for Alaska Housing Finance Corporation
(AHFC) specifically to identify forecasted energy consumption
which can be compared to actual energy consumption.
AkWarm$C also has some pre$programmed EEM retrofit
options that can be analyzed with energy savings forecasted
based on occupancy schedules, utility rates, building
construction type, building function, existing conditions, and
climatic data that is already uploaded to the program based on
the zip code of the building. When new equipment is
proposed, energy consumption is calculated based on
manufacturer’s cataloged information.
Cost savings are calculated based on the historical energy
costs for the building. Installation costs include labor and
equipment to estimate the full up$front investment required to
implement a change, but design and construction management
costs are excluded. Costs are derived from Means Cost Data,
industry publications, experience of the auditor, local
contractors and equipment suppliers. Maintenance savings
are calculated were applicable and are added to the energy
savings for each EEM.
The cost and savings are applied and a simple payback and
simple return on investment (ROI) is calculated. The simple
payback is based on the number of years that it takes for the
savings to pay back the net installation cost (Net Installation
divided by Net Savings.)
A simple life$time calculation is shown for each EEM. The life$
time for each EEM is estimated based on the typical life of the
equipment being replaced or altered. The energy savings is
extrapolated throughout the life$time of the EEM. The total
energy savings is calculated as the total life$time multiplied by
the yearly savings.
d. Limitations of the Study: All results are dependent on the
quality of input data provided, and can only act as an
approximation. In some instances, several methods may
achieve the identified savings. This report is not intended as a
final design document. A design professional, licensed to
Anaktuvuk Pass Fire Station Comprehensive Energy Audit
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practice in Alaska and in the appropriate discipline, who is
following the recommendations, shall accept full responsibility
and liability for the results. Budgetary estimates for
engineering and design of these projects in not included in the
cost estimate for each measure, but these costs generally run
around 15% of the cost of the work.
4. Acknowledgements: We wish to acknowledge the help of numerous
individuals who have contributed information that was used to prepare
this report, including:
a. Alaska Housing Finance Corporation (Grantor): AHFC
provided the grant funds, contracting agreements, guidelines,
and technical direction for providing the audits. AHFC
reviewed and approved the final short list of buildings to be
audited based on the recommendation of the Technical
Service Provider (TSP).
b. North Slope Borough (Owner): The NSB provided building
access, original construction plans, two years energy billing
data, building schedules and functions, as well as other
resources needed to perform the audit.
c. Richard S. Armstrong, PE, LLC (Audit TSP): This is the
TSP who was awarded the projects in the Arctic Slope
Regional Corporation, Bering Straits area, and the Nana area.
The firm gathered all relevant benchmark information provided
to them by Nortech, cataloged which buildings would have the
greatest potential payback, and prioritized buildings to be
audited based on numerous factors, including the Energy Use
Index (EUI), the Energy Cost Index (ECI), the age of the
building, the size of the building, the location of the building,
the function of the building, and the availability of plans for the
building. They also trained their selected sub$contracted
auditors, assigned auditors to the selected buildings, and
performed quality control reviews of the resulting audits. They
prepared a listing of potential EEMs that each auditor must
consider, as well as the potential EEMs that the individual
auditor may notice in the course of his audit. Richard S.
Anaktuvuk Pass Fire Station Comprehensive Energy Audit
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Armstrong, PE, LLC also performed some of the audits to
assure current knowledge of existing conditions.
5. Building Description and Function: The subject structure is the
Anaktuvuk Pass Fire Station. The facility is 4,577 sq ft., including a
2,440 sq. ft. Apparatus Bay, Training Room, Maintenance Shop,
Office, Kitchenette, Restroom, Bunk Room, Boiler Room and
Storage Areas. The building is a prototypical design, utilizing pre$
manufactured insulated panels to form the roof, wall, and floors. The
building is supported on piles, and has been connected to the Village
water/sewer services. The exact date of construction of this building
is unknown, it is assumed to be constructed between 1982$1990.
The Training Room, Office, Kitchenette and Bunk room have ACT
drop ceilings ranging from 8 to 9 feet, the remainder of the building is
GWB on the underside of the hot$roof insulated panels. The exterior
is metal roofing and siding. The roof insulation value is
approximately R$38, the exterior walls approximately R$19 and the
floor is approximately R$30.
a. Heating System: The heating plant is two (2) Weil$Mclain
WGO$4 fuel oil boilers with Beckett Model AFT burners
providing hydronic heat to baseboard fintube and unit heaters.
The boilers are operated with hi$low aquastats, and are run
year around. The hydronic circulators are duplex Grundfos 50$
160 constant volume pumps. The boilers are supplemented by
a waste heat recovery brazed plate heat exchanger, Flatplate
model 10X20L$50 and Bell an Gossett injection pump, Model
PL$30. The heat exchanger and injection pump is sized to
provide up to 179MBH of heat to the facility. Domestic hot
water is provided by a hydronic hot water generator supplied
by the boilers, Amtrol model number WH$7L. The boilers
appear to be in fair operating condition. Refer to Table 1 for
average annual utility consumption data.
b. Ventilation System: Ventilation is limited to a single air
handler, sized to supply 775 cfm which supplies the Training
Room, Office and Bunk Room. This air handler is controlled by
a digital controller with scheduling and override timer located in
the Training room. This unit was manufactured in 1999
appeared to be functioning properly. There are 6 exhaust fans
Anaktuvuk Pass Fire Station Comprehensive Energy Audit
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in the bulding, two serving as vehicle exhaust evacuation
system, one each serving the shower and toilet, one serving
the training room, and one in the boiler room. All exhaust fans
are switch operated except for the boiler room, which operates
on a close on rise thermostat. A 4,500 cfm supply fan is
present in the apparatus bay, which is switch operated and
used for cooling in the summer. It was noted that these
exhaust and supply systems are rarely used, and there wil be
not cost savings benefit to automate these systems.
c. Plumbing System: Water is provided from the village utility
and there is not any on$site storage or any metering of water
consumption. Hot water is generated using an Amtrol Boiler
Mate model indirect water heater. No additional hot water
storage is provided. Fixtures include a water closet, lavatory,
single head shower, kitchen sink, and mop sink. The waste
system is gravity drained though a heat traced arctic pipe to
the service barrel.
d. Lighting: The building recently underwent a complete high
efficiency lighting upgrade. All interior spaces are currently
fitted with T$8 fixtures, the exterior flood lights were replaced
with LED fixtures. Where applicable occupancy sensors are
installed and working. No upgrades to the lighting systems are
necessary for cost savings.
6. Historic Energy Consumption: Energy consumption is modeled
within the AkWarm$C program. The program only analyzes 12
months of data, so where 24 months of data are available, the data is
averaged and input to AkWarm$C to provide more accuracy. Refer to
Table 1 for utility data, the energy consumption data is also presented
and graphed in the attached AkWarm$C program results.
The average electric consumption for the building is 45,439 kWh/year
at an average cost of $12,260/year. The fuel oil consumption in 2010
was 3,472 gallons, at annual cost of $12,881.
7. Energy Efficiency Measures (EEM) considered or recommended:
The building was examined for application of a multitude of potential
EEMs that are discussed below. Those EEMs that appear to have an
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application for the subject building are further analyzed for estimated
payback periods, either within the AkWarm$C program or separately
within this report. The accuracy of the cost estimates and paybacks
varies significantly due to a multitude of conditions, but is estimated to
be approximately +/$ 25%. Assumptions made regarding energy costs
and the life of the EEM, noting that post$construction measurement
and verification are based on energy savings, not energy cost
savings. Many of the selected EEMs are analyzed within the
AkWarm$C program using the schedules and estimated costs input
into the model.
a. Reduce Thermostat Set Points: Most of spaces in the
building have a daytime heating setpoint of 70 degrees. It is
recommended that the nightime setpoint be reduced to 60
degrees F. The lower nighttime setback alone would save
approximately $1,544 per year. Costs for this measure are
limited to the installation of nighttime setback programmable
thermostats. The payback for this measure would be
approximately 1 year.
b. Install automatic overhead door closures to ensure minimal
infiltration: It was observed that during emergency calls the
overhead doors may remain as there is often only one
responder on staff. This results in a high amount of
infiltration into this facility. It is recommended that a blower
door test be performed to identify other potential sources of
infiltration, and an automatic door closure be installed to
reduce heat loss due to infiltration.
8. Interactive Effects of Projects: The AkWarm$C program calculates
savings assuming that all recommended EEM are implemented. If
some EEMs are not implemented, savings for the remaining EEMs will
be affected, in some cases positively, and in others, negatively. For
example, if the fan motors are not replaced with premium efficiency
motors, then the savings for the project to install variable speed drives
(VFDs) on the fans will be increased.
In general, all projects were evaluated sequentially so that energy
savings associated with one EEM would not be attributed to another
EEM as well. For example, the night setback EEM was analyzed
Anaktuvuk Pass Fire Station Comprehensive Energy Audit
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using the fan and heating load profile that will be achieved after
installation of the VFD project is completed. By modeling the
recommended projects sequentially, the analysis accounts for
interactive effects between the EEMs and does not “double count”
savings.
Interior lighting, plug loads, facility equipment, and occupants
generate heat within the building. When the building is in cooling
mode, these contribute to the overall cooling demands of the
building; therefore lighting efficiency improvements will reduce
cooling requirements on air conditioned buildings. Conversely,
lighting efficiency improvements are anticipated to increase heating
requirements slightly. Heating penalties are included in the lighting
project analysis that is performed by AkWarm$C.
9. Loan Program: The Alaska Housing Finance Corporation (AHFC)
Alaska Energy Efficiency Revolving Loan Fund (AEERLF) is a State of
Alaska program enacted by the Alaska Sustainable Energy Act
(senate Bill 220, A.S. 18.56.855, “Energy Efficiency Revolving Loan
Fund). The AEERLF will provide loans for energy efficiency retrofits
to public facilities via the Retrofit Energy Assessment for Loan System
(REAL). As defined in 15 AAC 155.605, the program may finance
energy efficiency improvements to buildings owned by:
a. Regional educational attendance areas;
b. Municipal governments, including political subdivisions of
municipal governments;
c. The University of Alaska;
d. Political subdivisions of the State of Alaska, or
e. The State of Alaska
Native corporations, tribal entities, and subsidiaries of the federal
government are not eligible for loans under this program.
Anaktuvuk Pass Fire Station Comprehensive Energy Audit
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Appendix A: Photos
Exterior, View looking Southeast
Exterior, View looking Southwest
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Exterior & Standby Generator, View looking Northwest
Exterior & Fuel Oil Tank, View looking Northeast
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AHU 1 serves Training, Office, Bunk Room
AHU 1 DDC controller
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Typical Exterior LED lighting
Typical T 8 HO Bay Lighting
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Vehicle Exhaust Capture Fans
Typical Unit Heater Apparatus Bay
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Heat Recovery Heat Exchanger
Heat Recovery DDC Controller/BTU Meter
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Heat Recovery DDC Controller/BTU Meter Screenshot
Boiler Plant Weil Mclain WGO Boilers
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IR HANDLER SCHEDULE
SYMBOL MFGR/MODEL
FAN
CFM
MOTOR DATA
HP/VOLTS/PH REMARKS
AHU-1 Logicaire 14CF-800A 775 .5/208/3 located in southeast storage closet
MAU-1 Logicaire MCF-3650A 3700 2/230/1 located maintenance room
PUMP SCHEDULE
SYMBOL
(no tags) MFGR/MODEL
est.
GPM
MOTOR DATA
HP/VOLTS/PH REMARKS
CP-1 Grundfos UPC50-160 45 980W/230/1 Boiler room, Glycol circ pump
CP-2 Grundfos UPC50-160 45 980W/230/1 Boiler room, Glycol circ pump
CP-3 Grundfos UP26-64 5 185W/115/1 Glycol circ to DHW generator
CP-4 Grundfos UP15-42 3 85W/115/1 DHW circulation
CP-5 Grundfos UPS32-80 15 280W/115/1 Glycol circ to Waste heat exchanger
BOILER SCHEDULE
SYMBOL MFGR/MODEL
MOTOR DATA
HP/VOLTS/PH REMARKS
B-1
Weil McLain AB-WGO-
9 .14/115/1
Oil fired, 295 MBH gross IBR,
255MBH net IBR, 87% efficient, cast
iron sectional
B-2
Weil McLain AB-WGO-
9 .14/115/1
Oil fired, 295 MBH gross IBR,
255MBH net IBR, 87% efficient, cast
iron sectional
UNIT HEATER SCHEDULE
SYMBO
L MFGR/MODEL
est.
CFM
MOTOR
DATA
HP/VOLTS/P
H REMARKS
UH - no
tag
Trane UHSA 42S
Hydronic 668 .05/115/1 in maintenance room
UH - no
tag
Trane UHSA 42S
Hydronic 668 .05/115/1 in storage room 11
VUH -
no tag
Trane UHSA 60S
Hydronic 1800 .17/115/1 vehicle bay - large VUH
Anaktuvuk Pass Fire Station Comprehensive Energy Audit
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VUH -
no tag
Trane UHSA 60S
Hydronic 1800 .17/115/1 vehicle bay - large VUH
VUH -
no tag
Trane UHSA 60S
Hydronic 1200 .17/115/1 vehicle bay - small VUH
VUH -
no tag
Trane UHSA 60S
Hydronic 1200 .17/115/1 vehicle bay - small VUH
VUH -
no tag
Trane UHSA 60S
Hydronic 1200 .17/115/1 vehicle bay - small VUH
VUH -
no tag
Trane UHSA 60S
Hydronic 1200 .17/115/1 vehicle bay - small VUH
UH-9 Berko Electric 2024 800 300w/240/1 vehicle bay - 20Kw heating coil
VUH -
no tag
Trane UHSA 60S
Hydronic 1200 .17/115/1 Boiler room - small VUH
VUH -
no tag
Trane UHSA 60S
Hydronic 1200 .17/115/1 Storage room 12 - small VUH
CUH-1 Trane E46A002 220 .05/115/1 Vestibule - east
CUH-2 Trane E46A002 220 .05/115/1 Vestibule - west
HOT WATER GENERATOR SCHEDULE
SYMBOL MFGR/MODEL
GALLO
NS
NUMBER
OF
ELEMENTS ELEMENT SIZE
HW-2 Amtrol WH7PDW 41 Indirect water generator
PLUMBING FIXTURES
SYMBOL
(no tags) FIXTURE GPF QUANTITY REMARKS
P-1 W.C. 1.4 1 manually operated
P-2 Lavatory - 1 manually operated
P-3 Kitchen sink - 1 manually operated
P-4 Showers 2.6 2 manually operated
P-5
Commercial Clothes
Washer 1 Heavy duty, 2+ hr cycle
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