HomeMy WebLinkAboutASRC-BRW-RSA 3429 C Street Shops 3 2012-EERichard S. Armstrong, PE, LLC
Mechanical/Electrical Engineer
Comprehensive Energy Audit
of
Barrow Heavy Equipment Storage
3429C Street
Project # ASRC$BRW$RSA$03C
Prepared for:
The North Slope Borough
Department of Public Works
September 9, 2011
Prepared by:
Richard S. Armstrong, PE, LLC
2321 Merrill Field Drive, C$6
Anchorage, Ak 99501
Barrow Heavy Equipment Maintenance Shop Comprehensive
Energy Audit
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Executive Summary 4
2. Audit and Analysis Background 7
3. Acknowledgements 8
4. Building Description & Function 10
5. Historic Energy Consumption 10
6. Energy Efficiency Measures Considered 11
7. Interactive Effects of Projects 11
8. Loan Program 12
Photos
AkWarm4C Report
Equipment Schedules
Building Plan
Submitted by:
_______________________________
Richard S. Armstrong, PE, CEM, CEA
Date:__________________________
Barrow Heavy Equipment Maintenance Shop Comprehensive
Energy Audit
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REPORT DISCLAIMERS
The information contained in this report, including any attachments, is
intended solely for use by the building owner and the AHFC. No others
are authorized to disclose, copy, distribute or retain this report, in whole or
part, without written authorization from Richard S. Armstrong, PE, LLC,
2321 Merrill Field Drive, C$6, Anchorage, Ak 99501. Additionally, this
report contains recommendations that, in the opinion of the auditor, will
cause the owner to realize energy savings over time. All
recommendations must be designed by a registered engineer, licensed in
the State of Alaska, in the appropriate discipline. Lighting
recommendations should all be first reviewed by running a lighting
analysis to assure that the recommended lighting upgrades will comply
with State of Alaska Statue as well as IES recommendations.
Payback periods may well vary from those forecast due to the uncertainty
of the final installed design, configuration, equipment selected, and
installation costs of recommended Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs), or
the operating schedules and maintenance provided by the owner.
Furthermore, EEMs are typically interactive, so implementation of one
EEM may impact the cost savings from another EEM. Neither the auditor,
Richard S. Armstrong, PE, LLC, AHFC, or others involved in preparation of
this report will accept liability for financial loss due to EEMs that fail to
meet the forecasted payback periods.
This audit meets the criteria of an Investment Grade Audit (IGA) per the
Association of Energy Engineers definition, and is valid for one year. The
life of the IGA may be extended on a case$by$case basis, at the discretion
of the AHFC.
IGSs are the property of the State, and may be incorporated into AkWarm$
C, the Alaska Energy Data Inventory (ARIS), or other state and/or public
information system
Barrow Heavy Equipment Maintenance Shop Comprehensive
Energy Audit
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Investment Grade Energy Audit
Barrow Heavy Equipment Maintenance Shop
1. Executive Summary: The Barrow Heavy Equipment Heated
Storage and shop is estimated to have been originally constructed in
1995. The facility contains five heavy equipment storage and repair
bays. See plans attached. The building is in very good condition.
The 2010 annual utility energy consumption reported by BUECI for
this building is displayed in Table 1 below. This data is different from
the data presented by Nortech because they combined all four shop
buildings, whereas this data represents the actual gas consumption
for the subject building.
Table 1
2010 2010
Utility Consumption Cost/Year
Electricity$kWh 53,610 $6,737
Natural Gas$CCF
Combined Heavy
Shop and
Warehouse
36,510 $11,181
Ttl Energy Costs
$17,918
A benchmark measure of energy use relative to other similar function
buildings in the area is the Energy Use Index (EUI), which takes the
total annual energy used by the facility divided by the square footage
area of the building, for a value expressed in terms of kBTU/SF.
This number can then be compared to other buildings to see if it is
about average, higher or lower than similar buildings in the area.
Likewise, the Energy Cost Index (ECI) is the cost of all energy used
by the building expressed in $/SF of building area. The comparative
values for the subject building are listed in Table 2 below:
Table 2
Heavy
Equipment
Storage
Barrow Avg Fire Station #1
Energy Use Index (EUI)
kBTU/SF 2010
436 211 207
Barrow Heavy Equipment Maintenance Shop Comprehensive
Energy Audit
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Energy Cost Index (ECI)
2010
$2.14 $1.68 $1.92
The natural gas consumption is very high, but it is believed that the
very frequent opening of the overhead doors and need for heating of
the very large mass equipment is the reason for the high
consumption.
Various Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs) have been analyzed for
this building to determine if they would be applicable for energy
savings with reasonably good payback periods. Those EEMs that
have a savings to investment of greater than one, or those that are
recommended for code compliance, life cycle replacement, or other
reasons are also included. Also, where a lighting upgrade is
recommended from T$12 lamps with magnetic ballasts to T$8 lamps
with electronic ballasts, then the entire facility should be re$lamped
and re$ballasted to maintain a standard lighting parts inventory,
regardless of the payback. For example, a storage room that is
infrequently used may not show a very good payback for a lighting
upgrade, but consistency dictates a total upgrade.
Specific EEMs recommended for this facility are detailed in the
attached AkWarm Energy Audit Report along with specific payback
times, as well as estimated installation costs and estimated energy
savings. The higher priority items are summarized below:
a. Thermostats: The heat is reportedly regulated using
manual operation. It is recommended that new automatic
setback thermostats be used at this facility, for an energy
savings of $1,689/year.
b. Air tightening: It is estimated that new brushes on all of the
doors can save 10% of the heat consumed at the facility.
This would have a 6 month payback, at an estimated cost of
$2,000.
c. Destratification: Warm buoyant air tends to rise to the
ceiling level, creating a warm air stratification. With the
thermostats set about 5’ above grade, the building becomes
overheated at the high levels. Addition of four
destratification fans will normalize the room temperature
Barrow Heavy Equipment Maintenance Shop Comprehensive
Energy Audit
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from floor to ceiling. It will also aid is quicker warm up and
snow removal from equipment.
d. Exterior Lighting Upgrades: The exterior high pressure
sodium lights operate during periods of darkness, which is
about half of a year. It is estimated that the use of LED
exterior lights can reduce the power consumption by 60%.
e. Perimeter shop lighting: The 8’ T$12 lamps around the
perimeter of the shop should be replaced with new T$8
lamps and electronic ballasts, for an estimated annual
savings of $220.
In addition to EEMs, various Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs)
are recommended since they are policies or procedures that are
followed by management and employees that require no capital
outlay. Examples of recommended ECMs for this facility include:
• Turn off lights when leaving a room that is not controlled by an
occupancy sensor that automatically turns off lights.
• Turn off computers, monitors, printers, faxes, coffee makers,
etc when leaving the office for the day.
• Keep overhead doors closed except when they are required to
be open for movement of vehicles.
The 6 priority recommendations in the detailed report estimate to save
$3,470/year, with an installed cost of $9,110, for a 2.6 year average
payback. This does not include design or CA services, but overall it
does indicate a cost effective energy savings program.
2. Audit and Analysis Background:
a. Program Description: This audit included services to identify,
develop, and evaluate energy efficiency measures at the
subject building. The scope of this project included evaluating
the building shell, lighting, other electrical systems, and
heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment.
Measures were selected such that an overall savings to
investment ratio (SIR) is greater than 1.
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b. Audit Description and Methodology: Preliminary audit
information was gathered in preparation for the site survey,
including benchmark utility consumption data, floor and lighting
plans, and equipment schedules where available. A site visit is
then performed to inventory and evaluate the actual building
condition, including:
i. Building envelope (roof, windows, etc)
ii. Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning
iii. Lighting systems and controls
iv. Building specific equipment
v. Plumbing systems
c. Method of Analysis: The information gathered prior to the site
visit and at the site visit is entered into AkWarm$C, an energy
modeling developed for Alaska Housing Finance Corporation
(AHFC) specifically to identify forecasted energy consumption
which can be compared to actual energy consumption.
AkWarm$C also has some pre$programmed EEM retrofit
options that can be analyzed with energy savings forecasted
based on occupancy schedules, utility rates, building
construction type, building function, existing conditions, and
climatic data that is already uploaded to the program based on
the zip code of the building. When new equipment is
proposed, energy consumption is calculated based on
manufacturer’s cataloged information.
Cost savings are calculated based on the historical energy
costs for the building. Installation costs include labor and
equipment to estimate the full up$front investment required to
implement a change, but design and construction management
costs are excluded. Costs are derived from Means Cost Data,
industry publications, experience of the auditor, local
contractors and equipment suppliers. Haakensen Electric was
consulted for some of the lighting retrofit costs. Maintenance
savings are calculated were applicable and are added to the
energy savings for each EEM.
The cost and savings are applied and a simple payback and
simple return on investment (ROI) is calculated. The simple
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Energy Audit
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payback is based on the number of years that it takes for the
savings to pay back the net installation cost (Net Installation
divided by Net Savings.)
A simple life$time calculation is shown for each EEM. The life$
time for each EEM is estimated based on the typical life of the
equipment being replaced or altered. The energy savings is
extrapolated throughout the life$time of the EEM. The total
energy savings is calculated as the total life$time multiplied by
the yearly savings.
d. Limitations of the Study: All results are dependent on the
quality of input data provided, and can only act as an
approximation. In some instances, several methods may
achieve the identified savings. This report is not intended as a
final design document. A design professional, licensed to
practice in Alaska and in the appropriate discipline, who is
following the recommendations, shall accept full responsibility
and liability for the results. Budgetary estimates for
engineering and design of these projects in not included in the
cost estimate for each measure, but these costs generally run
around 15% of the cost of the work.
3. Acknowledgements: We wish to acknowledge the help of
numerous individuals who have contributed information that was
used to prepare this report, including:
a. Alaska Housing Finance Corporation (Grantor): AHFC
provided the grant funds, contracting agreements, guidelines,
and technical direction for providing the audits. AHFC
reviewed and approved the final short list of buildings to be
audited based on the recommendation of the Technical
Service Provider (TSP).
b. North Slope Borough (Owner): The NSB provided building
sizing information, two years energy billing data, building
schedules and functions, as well as building age.
Barrow Heavy Equipment Maintenance Shop Comprehensive
Energy Audit
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c. Nortech Engineering (Benchmark TSP): Nortech
Engineering compiled the data received from the NSB and
entered that data into the statewide building database, called
the Alaska Retrofit Information System (ARIS).
d. Richard S. Armstrong, PE, LLC (Audit TSP): This is the
TSP who was awarded the projects in the Arctic Slope
Regional Corporation, Bering Straits area, and the Nana area.
The firm gathered all relevant benchmark information provided
to them by Nortech, cataloged which buildings would have the
greatest potential payback, and prioritized buildings to be
audited based on numerous factors, including the Energy Use
Index (EUI), the Energy Cost Index (ECI), the age of the
building, the size of the building, the location of the building,
the function of the building, and the availability of plans for the
building. They also trained their selected sub$contracted
auditors, assigned auditors to the selected buildings, and
performed quality control reviews of the resulting audits. They
prepared a listing of potential EEMs that each auditor must
consider, as well as the potential EEMs that the individual
auditor may notice in the course of his audit. Richard S.
Armstrong, PE, LLC also performed some of the audits to
assure current knowledge of existing conditions.
4. Building Description and Function: The subject building is called
the Barrow Heavy Equipment Storage Shop. It was originally
constructed in 1995. The building has 5 large bays with overhead
doors on both sides of each bay.
a. Heating System: The building heating system consists of four
large Modine Unit Heaters, gas fired, estimated to have 300
MBH input each. While not recommended in this report due to
the relatively good condition of the unit heaters, it is
recommended that the unit heaters be replaced with new
sealed combustion 93% efficient heaters when the existing
heaters reach the end of their useful life.
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Energy Audit
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b. Ventilation System: There are large exhaust fans, and gas
make up air heaters in the building to provide ventilation. The
make$up air unit is used only infrequently.
c. Plumbing System: There are no plumbing systems installed
in this shop.
d. Lighting: Typical lighting throughout the building is comprised
of 400 watt (estimated) high pressure sodium pendant fixtures.
5. Historic Energy Consumption: Energy consumption is modeled
within the AkWarm$C program. The program only analyzes 12
months of data. The energy consumption data is presented and
graphed in the attached AkWarm$C program results.
Energy consumption was analyzed using two factors: the Energy
Cost Index (ECI) and the Energy Use Index (ECU). The energy cost
index takes the average cost of gas and electrical energy over the
surveyed period of time, divided by the square footage of the
building. The ECI for this building is $ 2.14, and the average ECI for
all buildings in Barrow that were surveyed is $ 1.68/SF. Fire Station
#2, a newer facility in adjacent Browerville has an ECI of $1.51.
The energy use index (ECU) is the total average electrical and
heating energy consumption per year expressed in thousands of
BTUs/SF. The average EUI for all buildings in Barrow that were
surveyed is 211 kbtu/sf, and the EUI all four of the C Street Shops is
162 kbtu/sf, compared to 175 for Fire Station #2.
6. Energy Efficiency Measures considered or recommended: The
building was examined for application of a multitude of potential
EEMs that are discussed below. Those EEMs that appear to have
an application for the subject building are further analyzed for
estimated payback periods, either within the AkWarm$C program or
separately within this report. The accuracy of the cost estimates and
paybacks varies significantly due to a multitude of conditions, but is
estimated to be approximately +/$ 25%. Assumptions made
regarding energy costs and the life of the EEM, noting that post$
Barrow Heavy Equipment Maintenance Shop Comprehensive
Energy Audit
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construction measurement and verification are based on energy
savings, not energy cost savings.
Many of the selected EEMs are analyzed within the AkWarm$C
program using the schedules and estimated costs input into the
model.
7. Interactive Effects of Projects: The AkWarm$C program
calculates savings assuming that all recommended EEM are
implemented. If some EEMs are not implemented, savings for the
remaining EEMs will be affected, in some cases positively, and in
others, negatively. For example, if the fan motors are not replaced
with premium efficiency motors, then the savings for the project to
install variable speed drives (VFDs) on the fans will be increased.
In general, all projects were evaluated sequentially so that energy
savings associated with one EEM would not be attributed to another
EEM as well. For example, the night setback EEM was analyzed
using the fan and heating load profile that will be achieved after
installation of the VFD project is completed. By modeling the
recommended projects sequentially, the analysis accounts for
interactive effects between the EEMs and does not “double count”
savings.
Interior lighting, plug loads, facility equipment, and occupants
generate heat within the building. When the building is in cooling
mode, these contribute to the overall cooling demands of the
building; therefore lighting efficiency improvements will reduce
cooling requirements on air conditioned buildings. Conversely,
lighting efficiency improvements are anticipated to increase heating
requirements slightly. Heating penalties are included in the lighting
project analysis that is performed by AkWarm$C.
8. Loan Program: The Alaska Housing Finance Corporation (AHFC)
Alaska Energy Efficiency Revolving Loan Fund (AEERLF) is a State
of Alaska program enacted by the Alaska Sustainable Energy Act
(senate Bill 220, A.S. 18.56.855, “Energy Efficiency Revolving Loan
Fund). The AEERLF will provide loans for energy efficiency retrofits
to public facilities via the Retrofit Energy Assessment for Loan
Barrow Heavy Equipment Maintenance Shop Comprehensive
Energy Audit
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System (REAL). As defined in 15 AAC 155.605, the program may
finance energy efficiency improvements to buildings owned by:
a. Regional educational attendance areas;
b. Municipal governments, including political subdivisions of
municipal governments;
c. The University of Alaska;
d. Political subdivisions of the State of Alaska, or
e. The State of Alaska
Native corporations, tribal entities, and subsidiaries of the federal
government are not eligible for loans under this program.
Barrow Heavy Equipment Maintenance Shop Comprehensive
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Attachments:
Photos
AkWarm4C Report
Equipment Schedule
Building Plan
Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison
AkWarm Commercial Audit Software
DMS Equipment Storage Shop Building
Page 1
ENERGY AUDIT REPORT – PROJECT SUMMARY – Created 9/4/2011 10:53 AM
General Project Information
PROJECT INFORMATION AUDITOR INFORMATION
Building: DMS Equipment Storage Shop Building Auditor Company: Richard S. Armstrong, PE, LLC
Address: 3429 C Street Auditor Name: Richard S. Armstrong
City: Barrow Auditor Address: 2321 Merrill Field Drive C-6
Anchorage, Ak 99501 Client Name: Tom Hatcher
Client Address: 3427 C Street
Barrow, Ak 99723
Auditor Phone: (907) 229-0331
Auditor FAX: (907) 276-1751
Client Phone: (907) 852-2611 Auditor Comment:
Client FAX:
Design Data
Building Area: 7,654 square feet Design Heating Load: Design Loss at Space: 1,628,670
Btu/hour
with Distribution Losses: 1,628,670 Btu/hour
Plant Input Rating assuming 82.0% Plant Efficiency and 25%
Safety Margin: 2,482,728 Btu/hour
Note: Additional Capacity should be added for DHW load, if
served.
Typical Occupancy: 4 people Design Indoor Temperature: 72 deg F (building average)
Actual City: Barrow Design Outdoor Temperature: -41 deg F
Weather/Fuel City: Barrow Heating Degree Days: 20,370 deg F-days
Utility Information
Electric Utility: Barrow Utilities - elec - Commercial - Sm Natural Gas Provider: Barrow Utilities & Electric-gas -
Commercial - Sm
Average Annual Cost/kWh: $0.108/kWh Average Annual Cost/ccf: $0.306/ccf
Annual Energy Cost Estimate
Description Space
Heating
Space
Cooling
Water
Heating Lighting Other
Electrical Cooking Clothes
Drying
Ventilation
Fans
Service
Fees
Total
Cost
Existing
Building
$11,301 $0 $0 $3,816 $1,566 $0 $0 $38 $409 $17,130
With
Proposed
Retrofits
$8,628 $0 $0 $3,057 $1,566 $0 $0 $0 $409 $13,660
SAVINGS $2,673 $0 $0 $760 $0 $0 $0 $38 $0 $3,470
Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison
AkWarm Commercial Audit Software
DMS Equipment Storage Shop Building
Page 2
$0
$5,000
$10,000
$15,000
$20,000
Existing Retrofit
Service Fees
Ventilation and Fans
Space Heating
Other Electrical
Lighting
Annual Energy Costs by End Use
Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison
AkWarm Commercial Audit Software
DMS Equipment Storage Shop Building
Page 3
PRIORITY LIST – RECOMMENDED ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES
Rank Feature Recommendation Annual Energy
Savings
Installed
Cost
SIR Payback
(Years)
1 Setback Thermostat:
Heavy Equipment
Storage
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the Heavy Equipment
Storage space.
$1,689 $600 35.78 0.4
2 Lighting: Breezeway
connector lights
Replace with 3 FLUOR CFL,
A Lamp 15W
$18 $10 11.75 0.5
3 Air Tightening Perform air sealing to
reduce air leakage by 10%.
$635 $2,000 2.86 3.2
4 Ventilation Add four destratification
fans to push heat to floor
$423 $2,500 2.15 5.9
5 Lighting: Exterior
Lights
Replace with 9 LED 150W
Module StdElectronic
$485 $2,700 1.15 5.6
6 Lighting: Shop
Perimeter
Flourescents
Replace with 8 FLUOR (2)
T8 8' F96T8 57W Energy-
Saver HighEfficElectronic
and Remove Manual
Switching and Add new
Occupancy Sensor
$220 $1,300 1.08 5.9
TOTAL $3,470 $9,110 4.08 2.6
ENERGY AUDIT REPORT – ENERGY EFFICIENT RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Building Envelope
Insulation
Rank Location Existing Type/R;Value Recommendation Type/R;
Value
Installed
Cost
Annual
Energy
Savings
Exterior Doors – Replacement
Rank Location Size/Type/Condition Recommendation Installed
Cost
Annual
Energy
Savings
Windows and Glass Doors – Replacement
Rank Location Size/Type/Condition Recommendation Installed
Cost
Annual
Energy
Savings
Air Leakage
Rank Location Estimated Air Leakage Recommended Air Leakage
Target
Installed
Cost
Annual
Energy
Savings
3 Air Tightness estimated as:
27500 cfm at 50 Pascals
Perform air sealing to
reduce air leakage by 10%.
$2,000 $635
Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison
AkWarm Commercial Audit Software
DMS Equipment Storage Shop Building
Page 4
2. Mechanical Equipment
Mechanical
Rank Recommendation Installed
Cost
Annual
Energy
Savings
Setback Thermostat
Rank Location Size/Type/Condition Recommendation Installed
Cost
Annual
Energy
Savings
1 Heavy Equipment
Storage
Existing Unoccupied Heating
Setpoint: 72.0 deg F
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the Heavy Equipment
Storage space.
$600 $1,689
Ventilation
Rank Recommendation Cost Annual
Energy
Savings
4 Add four destratification fans to push heat to floor $2,500 $423
3. Appliances and Lighting
Lighting Fixtures and Controls
Rank Location Existing Recommended Installed
Cost
Annual
Energy
Savings
2 Breezeway
connector lights
3 INCAN A Lamp, Std 100W
with Occupancy Sensor
Replace with 3 FLUOR CFL,
A Lamp 15W
$10 $18
5 Exterior Lights 9 HPS 250 Watt Magnetic with
Daylight Sensor
Replace with 9 LED 150W
Module StdElectronic
$2,700 $485
6 Shop Perimeter
Flourescents
8 FLUOR (2) T12 8' F96T12 75W
Standard Magnetic with
Manual Switching
Replace with 8 FLUOR (2)
T8 8' F96T8 57W Energy-
Saver HighEfficElectronic
and Remove Manual
Switching and Add new
Occupancy Sensor
$1,300 $220
Refrigeration
Rank Location Existing Recommended Installed
Cost
Annual
Energy
Savings
Other Electrical Equipment
Rank Location Existing Recommended Installed
Cost
Annual
Energy
Savings
Cooking/Clothes Drying
Rank Recommended Installed
Cost
Annual
Energy
Savings
Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison
AkWarm Commercial Audit Software
DMS Equipment Storage Shop Building
Page 5
Front view of subject building
Interior of subject building
Doors at subject builidng
Connector to adjacent building
Typical gas unit heater
Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison
AkWarm Commercial Audit Software
DMS Equipment Storage Shop Building
Page 6
13439 C STREET PLAN3/16"=1'-0"LEGEND