HomeMy WebLinkAboutASRC-BRW_RSA 3425 C Street Shops 3A 2012-EE
Richard S. Armstrong, PE, LLC
Mechanical/Electrical Engineer
Comprehensive Energy Audit
of
C Street Shop Warehouse
3425 C Avenue, Barrow
Project # ASRC$BRW$RSA$03A
Prepared for:
The North Slope Borough
Department of Public Works
August 27, 2011
Prepared by:
Richard S. Armstrong, PE, LLC
2321 Merrill Field Drive, C$6
Anchorage, Ak 99501
Barrow Fire Station #1 Comprehensive Energy Audit
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Executive Summary 4
2. Audit and Analysis Background 6
3. Acknowledgements 8
4. Building Description & Function 9
5. Historic Energy Consumption 10
6. Energy Efficiency Measures Considered 10
7. Interactive Effects of Projects 11
8. Loan Program 11
Appendix A: Photos
Appendix B: AkWarm6C Report
Appendix D: Building Plan
Submitted by:
_______________________________
Richard S. Armstrong, PE, CEM, CEA
Date:__________________________
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REPORT DISCLAIMERS
The information contained in this report, including any attachments, is
intended solely for use by the building owner and the AHFC. No others
are authorized to disclose, copy, distribute or retain this report, in whole or
part, without written authorization from Richard S. Armstrong, PE, LLC,
2321 Merrill Field Drive, C*6, Anchorage, Ak 99501. Additionally, this
report contains recommendations that, in the opinion of the auditor, will
cause the owner to realize energy savings over time. All
recommendations must be designed by a registered engineer, licensed in
the State of Alaska, in the appropriate discipline. Lighting
recommendations should all be first reviewed by running a lighting
analysis to assure that the recommended lighting upgrades will comply
with State of Alaska Statue as well as IES recommendations.
Payback periods may well vary from those forecast due to the uncertainty
of the final installed design, configuration, equipment selected, operational
schedules, operational methods, and installation costs of recommended
Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs), or the maintenance provided by the
owner. Furthermore, EEMs are typically interactive, so implementation of
one EEM may impact the cost savings from another EEM. Neither the
auditor, Richard S. Armstrong, PE, LLC, AHFC, or others involved in
preparation of this report will accept liability for financial loss due to EEMs
that fail to meet the forecasted payback periods.
This audit meets the criteria of an Investment Grade Audit (IGA) per the
Association of Energy Engineers definition, and is valid for one year. The
life of the IGA may be extended on a case*by*case basis, at the discretion
of the AHFC.
IGSs are the property of the State, and may be incorporated into AkWarm*
C, the Alaska Energy Data Inventory (ARIS), or other state and/or public
information system
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Investment Grade Energy Audit
C Street Shops Warehouse
1. Executive Summary: The C Street Shop Warehouse is estimated
to have been originally constructed in 1983. The facility contains an
open warehouse area. The gas for this building is fed from the
adjacent building, at 3427 C Street. There is an electric meter on
this building, #81790907, but no actual consumption data is available
on this meter number. The average utility data reported for all four of
the C Street Shops is presented below:
Table 1
2009 2009 2010 2010
Utility Consumption Cost/Year Consumption Cost/Year
Power & Gas 3,969,167 $20,152 3,856,155 $18,614
kBTU/yr kBTU/yr
A benchmark measure of energy use relative to other similar function
buildings in the area is the Energy Use Index (EUI), which takes the
total annual energy used by the facility divided by the square footage
area of the building, for a value expressed in terms of kBTU/SF.
This number can then be compared to other buildings to see if it is
about average, higher or lower than similar buildings in the area.
Likewise, the Energy Cost Index (ECI) is the cost of all energy used
by the building expressed in $/SF of building area. The comparative
values for the subject building are listed in Table 2 below:
Table 2
C Ave Shops Barrow Avg NSBSD Bus Barn
Energy Use Index (EUI)
kBTU/SF
162 211 183
Energy Cost Index (ECI)
$/SF
$.80 $1.68 $.95
Various Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs) have been analyzed for
this building to determine if they would be applicable for energy
savings with reasonably good payback periods. Those EEMs that
have a Savings to Investment Ration (SIR) of 1 or greater, or those
that are recommended for code compliance, life cycle replacement,
or other reasons are also included. Also, where a lighting upgrade is
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recommended from T*12 lamps with magnetic ballasts to T*8 lamps
with electronic ballasts, then the entire facility should be relamped
and reballasted to maintain a standard lighting parts inventory,
regardless of the payback. For example, a storage room that is
infrequently used may not show a very good payback for a lighting
upgrade, but consistency dictates a total upgrade. The estimated
annual consumption of gas and electric for this building was modeled
along with the forecast consumption after incorporating the
recommended retrofits. The recommendations forecast a savings of
$808/year in energy costs. Modeled and forecast energy
consumption cost is presented below:
Table 3
Annual
Energy Cost
Existing
Building
With
Proposed
Retrofits
Total $3,955 $2,553
Specific EEMs recommended for this facility are detailed in the
attached AkWarm Energy Audit Report along with specific payback
times, as well as estimated installation costs and estimated energy
savings. The higher priority items are summarized below:
a. Lighting Upgrades: In general, all of the T*12 flourescent
lamps, and all of the magnetic ballasts should be replaced
with new T*8 lamps with electronic ballasts. Typical savings
in power consumption varies up to 10*30% with this
upgrade.
b. Lighting Control Upgrades: Occupant controls can sense
the presence of workers, and turn the lights on. The
controller can then turn the lights off after a programmed
time period of no occupancy. These controls can reduce
total kWh consumption for the lighting in the order of 30*
90%, depending on the amount of time the lights are
manually left on. In this case, lights in aisles of the
warehouse can be on a motion sensor so those areas
remain unlit until a worker enters the area.
c. Furnace upgrade: The existing system utilizes four gas
fired 100 MBH input forced air furnaces to heat the space.
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One of the four furnaces is not operational. The furnaces
appear to be 1990 vintage, and are estimated to be 70%
efficient. This report recommends replacing all four furnaces
with new 95% efficient condensing gas furnaces. This
upgrade will provide more reliable equipment, in addition to
replacing equipment that is near the end of its useful life.
The marginal cost of the furnace replacement needs to
consider that fact that the furnaces are near the end of their
useful life, with one already failed.
d. Setback Thermostats: It is recommended that lockable
setback thermostats be installed and programmed for
occupied temperatures of 72 deg F, and unoccupied
temperatures of 55 deg F. This has an estimated payback
of 1.1 years.
The 3 priority recommendations in the detailed report estimate to save
$1,402/year, with an installed cost of $17,450. This does not include
design or CA services, but overall it does indicate a cost effective
energy savings program if one considers that the furnaces need to be
replaced due to age, and the T%12 lamps will no longer be in production
in another year.
2. Audit and Analysis Background:
a. Program Description: This audit included services to identify,
develop, and evaluate energy efficiency measures at the
subject building. The scope of this project included evaluating
the building shell, lighting, other electrical systems, and
heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment.
b. Audit Description and Methodology: Preliminary audit
information was gathered in preparation for the site survey,
including benchmark utility consumption data, floor and lighting
plans, and equipment schedules where available. A site visit is
then performed to inventory and evaluate the actual building
condition, including:
i. Building envelope (roof, windows, etc)
ii. Heating and ventilating
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iii. Lighting systems and controls
iv. Building specific equipment
v. Plumbing systems
c. Method of Analysis: The information gathered prior to the site
visit and at the site visit is entered into AkWarm*C, an energy
modeling developed for Alaska Housing Finance Corporation
(AHFC) specifically to identify forecasted energy consumption
which can be compared to actual energy consumption.
AkWarm*C also has some pre*programmed EEM retrofit
options that can be analyzed with energy savings forecasted
based on occupancy schedules, utility rates, building
construction type, building function, existing conditions, and
climatic data that is already uploaded to the program based on
the zip code of the building. When new equipment is
proposed, energy consumption is calculated based on
manufacturer’s cataloged information.
Cost savings are calculated based on the historical energy
costs for the building. Installation costs include labor and
equipment to estimate the full up*front investment required to
implement a change, but design and construction management
costs are excluded. Costs are derived from Means Cost Data,
industry publications, experience of the auditor, local
contractors and equipment suppliers. Maintenance savings
are calculated were applicable and are added to the energy
savings for each EEM.
The cost and savings are applied and a simple payback and
simple return on investment (ROI) is calculated. The simple
payback is based on the number of years that it takes for the
savings to pay back the net installation cost (Net Installation
divided by Net Savings.)
A simple life*time calculation is made within AkWarm*C for
each EEM. The life*time for each EEM is estimated based on
the typical life of the equipment being replaced or altered. The
energy savings is extrapolated throughout the life*time of the
EEM. The total energy savings is calculated as the total life*
time multiplied by the yearly savings.
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d. Limitations of the Study: All results are dependent on the
quality of input data provided, and can only act as an
approximation. In some instances, several methods may
achieve the identified savings. This report is not intended as a
final design document. A design professional, licensed to
practice in Alaska and in the appropriate discipline, who is
following the recommendations, shall accept full responsibility
and liability for the results. Budgetary estimates for project
management, engineering and design of these projects in not
included in the cost estimate for each measure, but these costs
generally run around 15% of the cost of the work.
3. Acknowledgements: We wish to acknowledge the help of
numerous individuals who have contributed information that was
used to prepare this report, including:
a. Alaska Housing Finance Corporation (Grantor): AHFC
provided the grant funds, contracting agreements, guidelines,
and technical direction for providing the audits. AHFC
reviewed and approved the final short list of buildings to be
audited based on the recommendation of the Technical
Service Provider (TSP).
b. North Slope Borough (Owner): The NSB provided building
sizing information, two years energy billing data, building
schedules and functions, as well as building age.
c. Nortech Engineering (Benchmark TSP): Nortech
Engineering compiled the data received from the NSB and
entered that data into the statewide building database, called
the Alaska Retrofit Information System (ARIS).
d. Richard S. Armstrong, PE, LLC (Audit TSP): This is the
TSP who was awarded the projects in the Arctic Slope
Regional Corporation, Bering Straits area, and the Nana area.
The firm gathered all relevant benchmark information provided
to them by Nortech, cataloged which buildings would have the
greatest potential payback, and prioritized buildings to be
audited based on numerous factors, including the Energy Use
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Index (EUI), the Energy Cost Index (ECI), the age of the
building, the size of the building, the location of the building,
the function of the building, and the availability of plans for the
building. They also trained their selected sub*contracted
auditors, assigned auditors to the selected buildings, and
performed quality control reviews of the resulting audits. They
prepared a listing of potential EEMs that each auditor must
consider, as well as the potential EEMs that the individual
auditor may notice in the course of his audit. Richard S.
Armstrong, PE, LLC also performed some of the audits to
assure current knowledge of existing conditions.
4. Building Description and Function: The subject building is called
the 3425 C Street Shop Warehouse. It was originally constructed in
1983. The total size of the building is 1,200 SF. The building has
one story.
a. Heating System: The
building heating system
consists of four Thermal
Pride Model ICC7*100N
natural gas forced air
furnaces. The discharge
of the furnaces is upward
with very limited
ductwork. The heating
system was upgraded to
the furnaces in 1993, as
the plan indicates.
b. Ventilation System: There is no outside air ventilation system
at this building. Natural infiltration provides adequate outside
air since only two occupants are typically present.
c. Plumbing System: There is no plumbing system in the
building.
d. Domestic Hot: There is no domestic hot water in the building.
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e. Lighting: Typical lighting throughout the building is comprised
of T*12 fluorescent fixtures, using magnetic ballasts. Exterior
lighting utilizes one 250 watt (estimated) high pressure sodium
(HPS) wall pack.
5. Historic Energy Consumption: Energy consumption is modeled
within the AkWarm*C program. The program analyzes 12 months of
historical data when available. There was no energy consumption
data available for this building, as the heat is provided as a sub*feed
from the 3427 C Street Building.
Energy consumption was analyzed using two factors: the Energy
Cost Index (ECI) and the Energy Use Index (ECU).
The energy cost index takes the average cost of gas and electrical
energy over the surveyed period of time (typically 2 years) and
averages the cost, divided by the square footage of the building.
The ECI for this building is not available, so the energy consumption
for the group of four shops in the area was used for an average ECI
of $.80/SF, and the average ECI for all buildings in Barrow that were
surveyed is $ 1.68/SF. This data could be understated, however,
due to the lack of metering in the subject building, and potential
incorrect data being provided.
The energy use index (ECU) is the total average electrical and
heating energy consumption per year expressed in thousands of
BTUs/SF. The average ECU for all buildings in Barrow that were
surveyed is 211 kbtu/sf, and the EUI for this building is 207 kbtu/sf,
compared to 162 for this building.
6. Energy Efficiency Measures considered or recommended: The
building was examined for application of a multitude of potential
EEMs that are discussed below. Those EEMs that appear to have
an application for the subject building are further analyzed for
estimated payback periods, either within the AkWarm*C program or
separately within this report. The accuracy of the cost estimates and
paybacks varies significantly due to a multitude of conditions, but is
estimated to be approximately +/* 25%. Assumptions made
regarding energy costs and the life of the EEM, noting that post*
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construction measurement and verification are based on energy
savings, not energy cost savings.
All of the selected EEMs are analyzed within the AkWarm*C program
using the schedules and estimated costs input into the model.
7. Interactive Effects of Projects: The AkWarm*C program
calculates savings assuming that all recommended EEM are
implemented. If some EEMs are not implemented, savings for the
remaining EEMs will be affected, in some cases positively, and in
others, negatively. For example, if the fan motors are not replaced
with premium efficiency motors, then the savings for the project to
install variable speed drives (VFDs) on the fans will be increased.
In general, all projects were evaluated sequentially so that energy
savings associated with one EEM would not be attributed to another
EEM as well. For example, the night setback EEM was analyzed
using the fan and heating load profile that will be achieved after
installation of the VFD project is completed. By modeling the
recommended projects sequentially, the analysis accounts for
interactive effects between the EEMs and does not “double count”
savings.
Interior lighting, plug loads, facility equipment, and occupants
generate heat within the building. When the building is in cooling
mode, these contribute to the overall cooling demands of the
building; therefore lighting efficiency improvements will reduce
cooling requirements on air conditioned buildings. Conversely,
lighting efficiency improvements are anticipated to increase heating
requirements slightly. Heating penalties are included in the lighting
project analysis that is performed by AkWarm*C.
8. Loan Program: The Alaska Housing Finance Corporation (AHFC)
Alaska Energy Efficiency Revolving Loan Fund (AEERLF) is a State
of Alaska program enacted by the Alaska Sustainable Energy Act
(senate Bill 220, A.S. 18.56.855, “Energy Efficiency Revolving Loan
Fund). The AEERLF will provide loans for energy efficiency retrofits
to public facilities via the Retrofit Energy Assessment for Loan
System (REAL). As defined in 15 AAC 155.605, the program may
finance energy efficiency improvements to buildings owned by:
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a. Regional educational attendance areas;
b. Municipal governments, including political subdivisions of
municipal governments;
c. The University of Alaska;
d. Political subdivisions of the State of Alaska, or
e. The State of Alaska
Native corporations, tribal entities, and subsidiaries of the federal
government are not eligible for loans under this program.
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Appendix A: Photos
Appendix B: AkWarm6C Report
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Warehouse Lighting
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Forced Air Furnace, Typical of 4
Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison
AkWarm Commercial Audit Software
C Street Shops Warehouse
Page 1
ENERGY AUDIT REPORT – PROJECT SUMMARY – Created 9/4/2011 7:07 AM
General Project Information
PROJECT INFORMATION AUDITOR INFORMATION
Building: C Street Shops Warehouse Auditor Company: Richard S. Armstrong PE, LLC
Address: 3425 C Street Auditor Name: Richard S Armstrong
City: Barrow Auditor Address: 2321 Merrill Field Dr. C-6
Anchorage, AK 99501 Client Name: Tom Hatcher
Client Address: 3427 C Street
Barrow, AK 99723
Auditor Phone: (907) 229-0331
Auditor FAX:
Client Phone: (907) 852-2611 Auditor Comment:
Client FAX:
Design Data
Building Area: 1,200 square feet Design Heating Load: Design Loss at Space: 67,023 Btu/hour
with Distribution Losses: 74,470 Btu/hour
Plant Input Rating assuming 82.0% Plant Efficiency and 25%
Safety Margin: 113,521 Btu/hour
Note: Additional Capacity should be added for DHW load, if
served.
Typical Occupancy: 1 people Design Indoor Temperature: 70 deg F (building average)
Actual City: Barrow Design Outdoor Temperature: -41 deg F
Weather/Fuel City: Barrow Heating Degree Days: 20,370 deg F-days
Utility Information
Electric Utility: Barrow Utilities & Electric-elec -
Commercial - Lg
Natural Gas Provider: Barrow Utilities & Electric-gas -
Commercial - Lg
Average Annual Cost/kWh: $0.174/kWh Average Annual Cost/ccf: $0.316/ccf
Annual Energy Cost Estimate
Description Space
Heating
Space
Cooling
Water
Heating Lighting Other
Electrical Cooking Clothes
Drying
Ventilation
Fans
Service
Fees
Total
Cost
Existing
Building
$2,382 $0 $0 $243 $107 $0 $0 $0 $1,222 $3,955
With
Proposed
Retrofits
$1,154 $0 $0 $69 $107 $0 $0 $0 $1,222 $2,553
SAVINGS $1,228 $0 $0 $173 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $1,402
Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison
AkWarm Commercial Audit Software
C Street Shops Warehouse
Page 2
$0
$1,000
$2,000
$3,000
$4,000
Existing Retrofit
Service Fees
Space Heating
Other Electrical
Lighting
Annual Energy Costs by End Use
Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison
AkWarm Commercial Audit Software
C Street Shops Warehouse
Page 3
PRIORITY LIST – RECOMMENDED ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES
Rank Feature Recommendation Annual Energy
Savings
Installed
Cost
SIR Payback
(Years)
1 Setback Thermostat:
Warehouse
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the Warehouse space.
$268 $200 16.85 0.7
2 HVAC And DHW Replace all four 100 MBH
gas furnaces with new 95%
Efficient Lennox G61V High
Efficiency Gas Furnaces
$988 $14,000 1.10 14.2
3 Lighting: Warehouse Replace with 12 FLUOR (2)
T5 45.2" F28T5 28W High
Lumen (3050 L)
HighEfficElectronic and
Remove Manual Switching
and Add new Occupancy
Sensor
$145 $3,250 0.28 22.4
TOTAL $1,402 $17,450 1.13 12.4
ENERGY AUDIT REPORT – ENERGY EFFICIENT RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Building Envelope
Insulation
Rank Location Existing Type/R9Value Recommendation Type/R9
Value
Installed
Cost
Annual
Energy
Savings
Exterior Doors – Replacement
Rank Location Size/Type/Condition Recommendation Installed
Cost
Annual
Energy
Savings
Windows and Glass Doors – Replacement
Rank Location Size/Type/Condition Recommendation Installed
Cost
Annual
Energy
Savings
Air Leakage
Rank Location Estimated Air Leakage Recommended Air Leakage
Target
Installed
Cost
Annual
Energy
Savings
2. Mechanical Equipment
Mechanical
Rank Recommendation Installed
Cost
Annual
Energy
Savings
Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison
AkWarm Commercial Audit Software
C Street Shops Warehouse
Page 4
2 Replace all four 100 MBH gas furnaces with new 95% Efficient Lennox G61V High
Efficiency Gas Furnaces
$14,000 $988
Setback Thermostat
Rank Location Size/Type/Condition Recommendation Installed
Cost
Annual
Energy
Savings
1 Warehouse Existing Unoccupied Heating
Setpoint: 70.0 deg F
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the Warehouse space.
$200 $268
Ventilation
Rank Recommendation Cost Annual
Energy
Savings
3. Appliances and Lighting
Lighting Fixtures and Controls
Rank Location Existing Recommended Installed
Cost
Annual
Energy
Savings
3 Warehouse 12 FLUOR (2) T12 8' F96T12
75W Standard Magnetic with
Manual Switching
Replace with 12 FLUOR (2)
T5 45.2" F28T5 28W High
Lumen (3050 L)
HighEfficElectronic and
Remove Manual Switching
and Add new Occupancy
Sensor
$3,250 $145
Refrigeration
Rank Location Existing Recommended Installed
Cost
Annual
Energy
Savings
Other Electrical Equipment
Rank Location Existing Recommended Installed
Cost
Annual
Energy
Savings
Cooking/Clothes Drying
Rank Recommended Installed
Cost
Annual
Energy
Savings
Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison
AkWarm Commercial Audit Software
C Street Shops Warehouse
Page 5
Front of building
Connection to heavy equipment shop
T-12 8' flourescent lights
100 MBH gas furnace
13425 C STREET PLAN1/4"=1'-0"LEGEND