HomeMy WebLinkAboutBSNC-OME-RSA Rec Center 2012-EE1
Richard S. Armstrong, PE, LLC
Mechanical/Electrical Engineer
Comprehensive Energy Audit
of
Nome Community Recreation Center
Project # BSNC-OME-RSA-04
Prepared for:
The City of Nome
October 11, 2011
Prepared by:
Richard S. Armstrong, PE, LLC
2321 Merrill Field Drive, C-6
Anchorage, AK 99501
and
Energy Audits of Alaska
P.O. Box 220215
Anchorage, AK 98522
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Performed by: __________________________
James Fowler, PE, CEA
CEA #1705
Reviewed by: __________________________
Richard Armstrong, PE, CEM
CEA #178, CEM #13557
1. Executive Summary 4
2. Audit and Analysis Background 10
3. Acknowledgements 11
4. Building Description & Function 12
5. Historic Energy Consumption 14
6. Interactive Effects of Projects 15
7. Loan Program 16
Appendix A: Photos 17
Appendix B: AkWarm-C Report 21
Appendix C: Equipment Schedules 27
Appendix D: Building Plan 32
Appendix E: Lighting Plan 35
Appendix F: Mechanical Schematic 37
Appendix G: Additional, Building-Specific EEM detail 38
Appendix H: 2007 Planning Study - abridged 40
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REPORT DISCLAIMERS
The information contained in this report, including any attachments, is intended
solely for use by the building owner and the AHFC. No others are authorized to
disclose, copy, distribute or retain this report, in whole or part, without written
authorization from Richard S. Armstrong, PE, LLC, 2321 Merrill Field Drive, C-6,
Anchorage, Ak 99501. Additionally, this report contains recommendations that,
in the opinion of the auditor, will cause the owner to realize energy savings over
time. All recommendations must be designed by a registered engineer, licensed
in the State of Alaska, in the appropriate discipline. Lighting recommendations
should all be first analyzed through a thorough lighting analysis to assure that the
recommended lighting upgrades will comply with State of Alaska Statue as well
as IES recommendations.
Payback periods may vary from those forecast due to the uncertainty of the final
installed design, configuration, equipment selected, and installation costs of
recommended Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs), or the operating schedules
and maintenance provided by the owner. Furthermore, EEMs are typically
interactive, so implementation of one EEM may impact the cost savings from
another EEM. Neither the auditor, Richard S. Armstrong, PE, LLC, AHFC, or any
other party involved in preparation of this report accepts liability for financial loss
due to EEMs that fail to meet the forecasted payback periods.
This audit meets the criteria of an Investment Grade Audit (IGA) per the
Association of Energy Engineers definition, and is valid for one year. The life of
the IGA may be extended on a case-by-case basis, at the discretion of the
AHFC.
IGA’s are the property of the State, and may be incorporated into AkWarm-C, the
Alaska Energy Data Inventory (ARIS), or other state and/or public information
system.
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1. Executive Summary
This Comprehensive Energy Audit is performed in connection with AHFC’s
Retrofit Energy Assessment for Loans (REAL) program.
Subject Building:
Nome Community Recreation Center
208 East 6th Ave.
Nome, AK 99762
Building Owner:
The City of Nome
102 Division Street
Nome, AK 99762
Josie Bahnke, City Manager
907-443-6600 office
jbahnke@nomealaska.org
Building contacts:
Chip Leeper, Recreation Director
907-443-7770 office
907-304-2338 mobile
cleeper@nomealaska.org
Alan Maxwell, Building Inspector
907-304-3399 mobile
amaxwell@nomealaska.org
Jerry Krier, Maintenance supervisor
907-304-3398 mobile
The site visit to subject building occurred on September 8th and 9th, 2011.
The building was constructed in 1983, it was re-roofed in 2009, a major
electrical upgrade was performed in 2010 and the bowling alley was
remodeled and brought back on line in Spring of 2011 (after 9 years of
non-use). There is a gymnasium, racquetball court, rock climbing wall,
weight and exercise rooms, lockers, offices and of course, the bowling
alley.
Rough, basic plans were available for the original construction, detailed
bid plans were available for the 2010 electrical upgrade and the 2009 re-
roof. Mechanical schedules were not available so equipment schedules
found in the appendix’s of this report were created from on-site
measurements and observations made during the survey. Building shell
details not in available plans were pieced together from conversations with
the building Maintenance Lead, as well as auditor observations.
Considering its age, the exterior and interior of the building are in average
condition.
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A planning study commissioned by the City of Nome in 2007, was
performed by USKH, a partial copy is included as Appendix H of this
report.
Energy Consumption and Benchmark Data
Benchmark data - annual consumption only – for electricity and fuel oil
was provided by Central Alaska Engineering Company. The two annual
data points were distributed across 12 months by the auditor, to estimate
a seasonal curve and reasonable monthly usage. Annual energy
consumption is shown in Table 1 below:
Table 1
2009 2010
Consumption Cost Consumption Cost
Electricity ‐ kWh 209,280 $ 34,684 210,720 $ 35,297
Fuel Oil ‐ gallons 13,456 $ 65,351 12,591 $ 53,484
Totals $ 100,035 $ 88,781
A benchmark measure of energy use relative to other similar function
buildings in the area is the Energy Use Index (EUI), which takes the total
annual energy used by the facility divided by the square footage area of
the building, for a value expressed in terms of kBTU/SF. This number can
then be compared to other buildings to see if it is average, higher or lower
than similar buildings in the area. Likewise, the Energy Cost Index (ECI) is
the cost of all energy used by the building expressed in $/SF of building
area. The comparative values for the subject building are shown in Table
2 below. As observed, they are considerably lower than similar buildings
in Nome; this is probably a result of the almost complete lack of ventilation
in the building.
Table 2
Subject Building
Average of (4) similar
buildings in Nome
Ambulance
Building
Energy Use Index (EUI) ‐
kBTU/SF 79 124 137
Energy Cost Index (ECI) ‐
$/SF $3.06 $4.38 $5.20
Various Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs) have been analyzed for this
building to determine if they would be applicable for energy savings with
reasonably good payback periods. EEMs are recommended for reasons
including: 1.) they have a reasonably good payback period, 2.) for code
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compliance, 3.) life cycle replacement or 4.) reasons pertaining to
operations, maintenance and/or safety. For example, where a lighting
upgrade is recommended from T-12 lamps with magnetic ballasts to T-8
lamps with electronic ballasts, then the entire facility should be re-lamped
and re-ballasted to maintain a standard lighting parts inventory, regardless
of the payback. An individual storage room that is infrequently used may
not show a very good payback for a lighting upgrade, but consistency and
ease of maintenance dictates a total upgrade.
Specific EEMs recommended for this facility are detailed in the attached
AkWarm Energy Audit Report in Appendix B. Each EEM includes
payback times, estimated installation costs and estimated energy savings.
The higher priority items are summarized below:
Lighting Upgrades: As part of a lighting upgrade conducted
by the city of Nome, and as part of the 2010 electrical
upgrade, most of this facility has been re-lamped and re-
ballasted to T8-32 watt lamps and electronic ballasts and T5-
54 watt high bay fixtures also with electronic ballasts. At the
next re-lamp, the T8-32 watt lamps should be replaced with
28 watt, T8 lamps which result in a 4% reduction in light
output, but a 12% reduction in energy consumption. In the
few cases where T12 lamps are still in use, it is
recommended to replace them with T8-28W high efficiency
lamps and electronic ballasts.
Lighting Control Upgrades: Occupant controls sense the
presence of people, and turn the lights on at a pre-
determined level, and then turn the lights off after a
programmed time period of no occupancy. Much of the
space in these buildings is intermittently and/or infrequently
occupied. It is recommended to install occupancy sensors in
the existing switch boxes for smaller rooms like the weight
room, dance studio, offices, lobby, corridors and stairwells,
and to install ceiling mounted, dual technology sensors
(where obstacles or distance may interfere with line-of-sight
sensors) in lavatories, the gymnasium, climbing wall room
and racquetball court, the bowling alley and in some storage
areas. The second mode in a dual technology occupancy
sensor is activated by sound. This could reduce power
consumption by 60-90%.
Exterior Lighting Upgrades: Exterior lighting for this building
was upgraded in 2010. It is provided by a series of sealed
beam, halogen floodlights and LED wall packs. There is one
remaining HPS wall pack on the rear of the building; for
maintenance consistency, it should be replaced with an LED
wall pack.
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Setback Thermostats in all spaces. It is recommended that
lockable setback thermostats be installed and programmed
for occupied temperatures of 72 deg F, and unoccupied
temperatures of 55 deg F. This has an estimated payback of
between 2 an 8 years, depending on the size of the zone.
Headbolt Heater Controls: There are retrofit headbolt heater
receptacles that replace standard duplex receptacles. They
contain integrated microprocessor and thermometer that
cycles power on and off in response to the outside air
temperature. Energy savings is typically 50% per receptacle.
The (2) GFI receptacle headbolt heaters should be
retrofitted.
Plumbing fixtures: All toilets and faucets should be retrofitted
or be replaced with fixtures that have proximity sensing
on/off controls. There is only one urinal in the building that
has been retrofitted with this type of controls. This audit does
not include water usage and AKWarm does not allow for the
modeling of this, but a typical faucet retrofit will result in 30%
water savings and will payback in under 3 years. Installing
2-level flush toilets (.9 gallons per flush for liquids, 1.6
gallons for solids) typically saves 33% water, and pays back
in under 2 years. Waterless urinals require more routine
maintenance, but save 100% of water used, and typically
pay back within 3 years. (Appendix G-1)
HVAC: There are (2) boiler rooms in this building. The small
one in the east wing has a single oil fired boiler and the
larger room in the west wing has (2) boilers. They all appear
to be original equipment, which means they are nearing end
of life (EOL).
The (3) boilers supply hydronic fin tube baseboards around
the building periphery as well as unit heaters and the hot
water generator. Some of the hydronic piping is un-insulated,
and although it is in conditioned space, it should be insulated
– especially so after set-back thermostats are installed. See
Appendix G-3.
At EOL of the boilers, the HVAC system should be re-
designed by a registered engineer, brought in compliance
with building codes, the boilers replaced with more efficient
(88-94% efficiency) models, and the control system be
upgraded to allow more efficient heating appropriate to the
occupancy. This is a significant expense (see Appendix G-
2), but over the 30 year life, it is expected to return a 5-10x
payback. In conjunction with the heating system
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modernization, the ventilation system should also be
upgraded (below).
Ventilation: Air handlers providing outside air were
eliminated as a result of cost cutting during construction. As
a consequence, there was no ventilation built into the
building. A heat recovery ventilator was added in the
upstairs storage area to ventilate the upstairs offices, as was
a fresh air supply fan with a pre-heating coil in the
gymnasium. Although there is not an energy savings to do
so, it is strongly recommended that ventilation be included in
the HVAC upgrade suggested in the section immediately
above and in Appendix G-2. Air quality will be brought up to
ASHRAE and building code standards for this type of facility,
and the negative building pressure will be eliminated.
Domestic Hot Water: Hot water (apparently) is supplied to
the showers through an indirect 119 gallon Amtrol water
generator located in the east boiler room. A second 41
gallon indirect Amtrol generator is located in the west boiler
room, supplying the rest of the building’s hot water needs.
Smaller boilers in series, with an updated controls system
that modulated their output would prevent the current, large
(330 MBH) boiler from firing up to supply hot water to
showers during the summer months.
Building Shell: The building shell is generally in good
condition, with the exception of the windows, which reflect
their 28 year age. It is recommended the replace the (8)
windows with triple pane, vinyl versions that were not
available in 1983. Paybacks are very long (23 years) for
windows. Replacement of doors are also recommended in
the AKWarm model, but they are in better condition, and of
lesser priority than windows (even thought they have a
faster, 9 year payback). Maintenance staff were working to
solve a known ice buildup problem on the south (front) roof.
This was the only section of roof that was not replaced in
2009.
Saunas: The (2) saunas consume approximately $5000/year
in electricity. They are popular and are in operation for
approximately 4000 hrs/year. It is recommended to either
add twist-timer (typical of hot tub jets) with a maximum 45
minute “on”, or determine which 50% of operating hours
have the highest number of sauna users, and install a locked
programmable timer that turns the sauna on during the
highest use hours. In either case, a 50% savings should be
recognized. A 50% reduction in “on” time is included in the
AKWarm model.
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In addition to EEMs, various Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) are
recommended since they are policies or procedures that are followed by
management and employees that require no capital outlay. Examples of
recommended ECMs for this facility include:
1. Turning lights off when leaving a room that is not controlled
by an occupancy sensor.
2. All man-doors, roll-up doors and windows should be
properly maintained and adjusted to close and function
properly.
3. Turn off computers, printers, faxes, etc. when leaving the
office.
28 of the 29 recommendations in this detailed report estimate to save
$23,277/year, with an installed cost of $33,514. The combined payback
on this investment is 1.4 years. This does not include design or
construction management services,
The last recommendation, which is the most significant in this report, is a
re-design and upgrade to the HVAC, which is reaching the end of its life.
This is estimated to save $4000/yr in energy costs and $18,000/yr in
maintenance costs, with an installed, incremental (versus the straight-
across replacement of the 3 boilers) cost of $340,000. The total installed
cost is $460,000 – see Appendix G-2 for details. The payback on
$22,000/yr in savings and $340,000 in costs is 15.4 years.
All 29 recommendations combined, results in $45,277 in savings and a
total of $373,514 in costs. The combined payback is 8.2 years.
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2. Audit and Analysis Background
Program Description: This audit included services to identify, develop,
and evaluate energy efficiency measures for the subject building. The
scope of this project included evaluating the building shell, lighting, other
electrical systems, and heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC)
equipment. Measures were based on their payback period, life cycle
replacement or for reasons pertaining to maintenance, operations and/or
safety.
a. Audit Description and Methodology: Preliminary audit
information was gathered in preparation for the site survey,
including benchmark utility consumption data, floor and lighting
plans, and equipment schedules, where available. A site visit is
then performed to inventory and evaluate the actual building
condition, including:
i. Building envelope (walls, doors, windows, etc)
ii. Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning
iii. Lighting systems and controls
iv. Building specific equipment
v. Plumbing Systems
b. Benchmark Utility Data Validation: Benchmark utility data
provided through AHFC’s initial phase of their REAL program is
validated, confirming that electrical and gas meter numbers on the
subject building match the meters from which the energy
consumption and cost data were collected. If the data is inaccurate
new benchmark data is obtained. In the event that there are
inconsistencies or gaps in the data, the existing data is evaluated
and missing data points are interpolated.
c. Method of Analysis: The information gathered prior to the site visit
and at the site visit is entered into AkWarm-C, an energy modeling
software program developed specifically for Alaska Housing
Finance Corporation (AHFC) to identify forecasted energy
consumption which can then be compared to actual energy
consumption. AkWarm-C also has some pre-programmed EEM
retrofit options that can be analyzed with projected energy savings
based on occupancy schedules, utility rates, building construction
type, building function, existing conditions, and climatic data
uploaded to the program based on the zip code of the building.
When new equipment is proposed, energy consumption is
calculated based on manufacturer’s cataloged information.
Energy cost savings are calculated based on the historical energy
costs for the building. Installation costs include the labor and
equipment required to implement an EEM retrofit, but design and
construction management costs are excluded. Costs are derived
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from one or more of the following: Means Cost Data, industry
publications, experience of the auditor, local contractors and/or
equipment suppliers. Haakensen Electric, Proctor Sales and
Pioneer Door, all in Anchorage were consulted for some of the
lighting, boiler and overhead door (respectively) retrofit costs.
Maintenance savings are calculated, where applicable, and are
added to the energy savings for each EEM.
The costs and savings are considered and a simple payback period
and return on investment (ROI) is calculated. The simple payback
period is based on the number of years that it takes for the savings
to pay back the net installation cost (Net Installation costs divided
by Net Savings.) In cases where the EEM recommends
replacement at EOL, the incremental cost difference between the
standard equipment in place, and the higher efficiency equipment
being recommended is used as the cost basis for payback
calculation. The SIR found in the AKWarm report is the Savings to
Investment Ratio, defined as the breakeven cost divided by the
initial installed cost.
A simple life-time calculation is shown for each EEM. The life-time
for each EEM is estimated based on the typical life of the
equipment being replaced or altered. The energy savings is
extrapolated throughout the life-time of the EEM. The total energy
savings is calculated as the total life-time multiplied by the yearly
savings.
d. Limitations of the Study: All results are dependent on the quality
of input data provided, and may only act as an approximation. In
some instances, several methods may achieve the identified
savings. This report is not intended as a final design document. A
design professional, licensed to practice in Alaska and in the
appropriate discipline, who is following the recommendations, shall
accept full responsibility and liability for the results. Budgetary
estimates for engineering and design of these projects in not
included in the cost estimate for each EEM recommendation, but
these costs can be approximated at 15% of the cost of the work.
3. Acknowledgements: We wish to acknowledge the help of numerous
individuals who have contributed information that was used to prepare this
report, including:
a. Alaska Housing Finance Corporation (Grantor): AHFC provided
the grant funds, contracting agreements, guidelines, and technical
direction for providing the audits. AHFC reviewed and approved
the final short list of buildings to be audited based on the
recommendation of the Technical Service Provider (TSP).
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b. The City of Nome (Owner): The City of Nome provided building
sizing information, two years energy billing data, building schedules
and functions, as well as building age.
c. Central Alaska Engineering Company (Benchmark TSP):
Central Alaska Engineering Company compiled the data received
from the City of Nome and entered that data into the statewide
building database, called the Alaska Retrofit Information System
(ARIS).
d. Richard S. Armstrong, PE, LLC (Audit TSP): This is the TSP
who was awarded the projects in the Arctic Slope Regional
Corporation, Bering Straits area, and the Nana area. The firm
gathered all relevant benchmark information provided to them by
Central Alaska Engineering Company, cataloged which buildings
would have the greatest potential payback, and with the building
owner, prioritized buildings to be audited based on numerous
factors, including the Energy Use Index (EUI), the Energy Cost
Index (ECI), the age of the building, the size of the building, the
location of the building, the function of the building, and the
availability of plans for the building. They also trained their selected
sub-contracted auditors, assigned auditors to the selected
buildings, and performed quality control reviews of the resulting
audits. They prepared a listing of potential EEMs that each auditor
must consider, as well as the potential EEMs that the individual
auditor may notice in the course of his audit. Richard S. Armstrong,
PE, LLC also performed some of the audits to assure current
knowledge of existing conditions.
e. Energy Audits of Alaska (energy auditor): This firm has been
selected to provide audits under this contract. The firm has two
mechanical engineers, certified as energy auditors and/or
professional engineers and has also received additional training
from Richard S. Armstrong, PE, LLC to acquire further specific
information regarding audit requirements and potential EEM
applications.
4. Building Description and Function:
The site visit and survey of subject building occurred on September 8th and
9th, 2011. The building was constructed in 1983, above grade, on
perimeter concrete footings and north-south foundation walls running
every 12’. It is also passively cooled with thermal siphons. It has 27,750
square feet on the first floor, consisting of the previously mentioned
recreational facilities, as well as lobby and storage. The second floor,
consisting of 3126 square feet, is utilized for offices and additional
storage. The total square footage of the building is 30,876 square feet.
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The floor is constructed of 2x12 joists spanning the 12’ footings, 24” on
center with fiberglass batting (R-36). By scaling the roofing drawings, the
walls appear to be constructed with 2x8 studs with fiberglass batting (R-
25). There is a dropped ceiling in much of the building and the roof
appears to have between 9” and 12” (R-45 to R-60) of rigid foam
insulation. Exterior siding is T-111 plywood on the front (south) entry
section and metal elsewhere. Windows are double pane wood, and in
relatively poor condition.
An inspection of the exterior and interior of the building revealed that the
overall condition of the building, considering it age, is average.
Benchmark utility data, including fuel oil and electricity were provided by
Central Alaska Engineering Company and the City of Nome utilities
department.
Building details are as follows:
a. Heating System: The small, east wing boiler room contains a Weil
McLain, oil fired, 480 MBH, 82% efficient, cast iron sectional boiler.
The large boiler room in the west wing has a Weil McLain 486, 330
MBH and a Weil McLain 586, 363 MBH, both 82% efficient, oil fired,
cast iron sectionals. They appear to be original equipment and are
nearing EOL.
The (3) boilers supply hydronic fin tube baseboards around the
building periphery as well as a number of unit heaters and the hot
water generator. The baseboards are valve-controlled and the unit
heaters are fan-controlled, all by low voltage zone thermostats.
Most of the unit heaters have been retrofitted with a fluid control
valve tied in to the thermostat.
b. Ventilation: As previously mentioned, there was no make-up up
ventilation in the original building. A LifeBreath HRV unit with a
side-arm heating coil has been added to provide ventilation to the
dance studio and weight room, as well as the second floor offices.
It pulls air from the locker rooms. A large ventilation fan has also
been added to the south side of the gymnasium, also fitted with a
pre-heat coil supplied by the boilers. The HRV and ventilation fan
are fan and fluid-controlled by a low voltage zone thermostat. There
is a ventilation fan in the gymnasium which exhausts to the outside
and ventilation fans in the climbing room and racquetball court that
exhaust to the gymnasium – but the manual switch in the closet is
inaccessible, as a dozen or more stored tables preclude its use.
The building is old and there is significant air infiltration, but air
quality is in serious question inside the building and additional
ventilation should be added for this reason alone. See Appendix G-
2.
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c. Plumbing Fixtures: There are (16) toilets, (6) urinals, (14) showers
and (15) sinks in the facility. All fixtures except 1 urinal are
manually operated. See Appendix G-1 for EEM recommendations.
d. Domestic Hot Water: Hot water for the showers and locker room
lavatories is generated by an indirect 119 gallon Amtrol unit located
in the east boiler room. Hot water for the rest of the facility is
generated by another indirect Amtrol generator with a 41 gallon
capacity.
e. Appliances: A residential sized clothes washer and electric dryer
are located in the second floor storage area. A double commercial
drink cooler is located in the lobby and sauna’s are located in the
men’s and women’s locker rooms. There are 3 personal computers
in use and a small coffee machine.
f. Kitchen: A small commercial kitchen is located in the west section
of the building adjacent to the bowling alley. According to on-site
personnel, it is used for food preparation classes approximately 1-
2x per month. The stove/grill and oven uses propane. Propane
consumption data was not available, and since it is used so seldom
and so specifically, it is not included in this report. There is a
commercial refrigerator and freezer (neither in use), microwave and
ice maker. Anticipated kitchen usage will increase when the
bowling alley is re-opened in 2011.
g. Bowling Alley: The renovated bowling alley is scheduled to be
opened after a 9 year hiatus, in autumn 2011. Anticipated usage is
20-25 hrs/wk. Benchmark data did not include bowling alley or
kitchen usage, so the auditor reconciled AKWarm’s actual vs
modeled consumption by entering “100% off” for high and low use
periods for all bowling alley and kitchen equipment. Appendix I
shows forecasted consumption with bowling alley and kitchen in
use for projected 20-25hrs/wk.
h. Head Bolt Heaters: There are (2) duplex, GFI, head bolt heaters
along the south side of the building.
i. Interior Lighting: The building, with a few exceptions, has been
re-lamped and re-ballasted to T8-32 watt lamps and electronic
ballasts. The gymnasium has been retrofitted with high bay, T5-54
watt high output lamps and fixtures. The rock climbing room and
racquetball courts, the other high bay rooms, still use T12 lamps
and magnetic ballasts. There are a number of incandescent bulbs
still in use in janitor closets and in the small storage areas. There is
one occupancy sensors in the building, and it was non-functional.
j. Exit Signs: All exit signs were upgraded to LED’s in the 2010
electrical upgrade.
k. Exterior Lighting: Exterior, high intensity lighting has been
upgraded to LED units. In addition to the (10) LED wall packs,
there are (14) incandescent double flood light fixtures. All appear
to be on photocell sensors.
l. Building Shell: The building shell is in good condition, as is the
underside of the floor in the crawlspace and the roof, as it was
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replaced in 2009. As mentioned earlier, the south (front) roof has
an icing problem, which is under repair by the maintenance crew.
5. Historic Energy Consumption: Energy consumption is modeled within
the AkWarm-C program. The program analyzes (12) months of data.
Because only (2) data points (2 years) of annual utility benchmark data
was provided, this data was graphed into a reasonable seasonal curves to
create two years of (12) monthly data points, which were then averaged
and input into AKWarm-C.
Energy consumption was analyzed using two factors: the Energy Cost
Index (ECI) and the Energy Use Index (EUI). The energy cost index takes
the average cost of gas and electrical energy over the surveyed period of
time (typically 2 years) and averages the cost, divided by the square
footage of the building. The ECI for this building is $3.06/SF, the average
ECI for (4) similar buildings benchmarked in Nome is $4.38/SF. This is
lower than expected for a building this size and used this frequently by its
community, but it is in line with the EUI (below).
The energy use index (EUI) is the total average electrical and heating
energy consumption per year expressed in thousands of BTUs/SF. The
average of the 2009 and 2010 EUI for this building is 79 kBTU/SF; the
average EUI for (4) similar buildings benchmarked in Nome is 124
kBTU/SF. The EUI for this building is significantly lower than expected.
This may be attributed to the almost complete lack of ventilation, as proper
ventilation in a building of this size and usage, would require moving
significant volumes of air during its extended operating hours, which would
consume large amounts of energy.
6. Interactive Effects of Projects: The AkWarm-C program calculates
savings assuming that all recommended EEM are implemented. If some
EEMs are not implemented, savings for the remaining EEMs will be
affected, in some cases positively, and in others, negatively. For example,
if the fan motors are not replaced with premium efficiency motors, then the
savings for the project to install variable speed drives (VFDs) on the fans
will be increased.
In general, all projects were evaluated sequentially so that energy savings
associated with one EEM would not be attributed to another EEM as well.
For example, the night setback EEM was analyzed using the fan and
heating load profile that will be achieved after installation of the VFD
project is completed. By modeling the recommended projects
sequentially, the analysis accounts for interactive effects between the
EEMs and does not “double count” savings.
Interior lighting, plug loads, facility equipment, and occupants generate
heat within the building. When the building is in cooling mode, these
contribute to the overall cooling demands of the building; therefore lighting
efficiency improvements will reduce cooling requirements on air
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conditioned buildings. Conversely, lighting efficiency improvements are
anticipated to increase heating requirements slightly. Heating penalties
are included in the lighting project analysis that is performed by AkWarm-
C.
7. Loan Program: The Alaska Housing Finance Corporation (AHFC) Alaska
Energy Efficiency Revolving Loan Fund (AEERLF) is a State of Alaska
program enacted by the Alaska Sustainable Energy Act (senate Bill 220,
A.S. 18.56.855, “Energy Efficiency Revolving Loan Fund). The AEERLF
will provide loans for energy efficiency retrofits to public facilities via the
Retrofit Energy Assessment for Loan System (REAL). As defined in 15
AAC 155.605, the program may finance energy efficiency improvements
to buildings owned by:
a. Regional educational attendance areas;
b. Municipal governments, including political subdivisions of municipal
governments;
c. The University of Alaska;
d. Political subdivisions of the State of Alaska, or
e. The State of Alaska
Native corporations, tribal entities, and subsidiaries of the federal
government are not eligible for loans under this program.
17
Appendix A
Photos
Retrofitted LED wall packs, and double lamp, sealed halogen flood light
fixtures
East side, thermal siphons shown
18
Remodeled bowling alley, now ready for operation
Bowling pin setting machines
19
Kitchen
Gymnasium with upgraded lighting and industrial grade de-
s tratification fans
20
Aerial View of downtown center of Nome and the (4) buildings audited
Fire Station
Recreation Center
(subject building)
Public Works Building
City Hall and Senior Center
NORTH
Appendix B
Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison
AkWarm Commercial Audit Software
Nome Community Recreation Center
Page 1
ENERGY AUDIT REPORT – PROJECT SUMMARY – Created 10/7/2011 2:40 PM
General Project Information
PROJECT INFORMATION AUDITOR INFORMATION
Building: Nome Community Recreation Center Auditor Company: Energy Audits of Alaska
Address: 208 East 6h Ave Auditor Name: James Fowler
City: Nome Auditor Address: P.O. Box 220215
Anchorage, AK 99522
Client Name: Chip Leeper
Client Address: 208 East 6th Ave
Nome, AK 99762
Auditor Phone: (206) 954‐3614
Auditor FAX: ( ) ‐
Client Phone: (907) 443‐7770 Auditor Comment:
Client FAX:
Design Data
Building Area: 30,876 square feet Design Heating Load: Design Loss at Space: 538,196 Btu/hour
with Distribution Losses: 597,996 Btu/hour
Plant Input Rating assuming 82.0% Plant Efficiency and 25%
Safety Margin: 911,579 Btu/hour
Note: Additional Capacity should be added for DHW load, if
served.
Typical Occupancy: 70 people Design Indoor Temperature: 67.6 deg F (building average)
Actual City: Nome Design Outdoor Temperature: ‐27 deg F
Weather/Fuel City: Nome Heating Degree Days: 14,371 deg F‐days
Utility Information
Electric Utility: Nome Joint Utilities Systems ‐
Commercial ‐ Lg
Natural Gas Provider: None
Average Annual Cost/kWh: $0.357/kWh Average Annual Cost/ccf: $0.000/ccf
Annual Energy Cost Estimate
Description Space
Heating
Space
Cooling
Water
Heating Lighting Other
Electrical Cooking Clothes
Drying
Ventilation
Fans
Service
Fees Total Cost
Existing
Building
$72,673 $0 $0 $33,944 $19,490 $0 $1,116 $2,422 $36 $130,712
With
Proposed
Retrofits
$64,034 $0 $0 $19,567 $15,229 $0 $1,116 $2,422 $36 $103,435
SAVINGS $8,639 $0 $0 $14,378 $4,261 $0 $0 $0 $0 $27,277
Appendix B
Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison
AkWarm Commercial Audit Software
Nome Community Recreation Center
Page 2
$0
$20,000
$40,000
$60,000
$80,000
$100,000
$120,000
$140,000
Existing Retrofit
#2 Oil Electricity
Annual Energy Costs by Fuel
Appendix B
Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison
AkWarm Commercial Audit Software
Nome Community Recreation Center
Page 3
PRIORITY LIST – RECOMMENDED ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES
Rank Feature Recommendation Annual Energy
Savings
Installed
Cost
SIR Payback
(Years)
1 Setback
Thermostat:
Storage
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 55.0 deg F for
the Storage space.
$2,528 $200 189.58 0.1
2 Setback
Thermostat: High
Bay recreational
spaces (gym, dance
studio, weight
room, climbing
room, racquetball
court)
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 55.0 deg F for
the High Bay recreational
spaces (gym, dance studio,
weight room, climbing
room, racquetball court)
space.
$3,057 $1,000 45.86 0.3
3 Other Electrical:
Saunas
Remove Manual Switching
and Add new Clock Timer
or Other Scheduling
Control
$2,663 $400 39.20 0.2
4 Setback
Thermostat: Lobby,
common areas,
lavatories, offices
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 55.0 deg F for
the Lobby, common areas,
lavatories, offices space.
$3,935 $1,600 36.89 0.4
5 Setback
Thermostat: Locker
rooms
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 55.0 deg F for
the Locker rooms space.
$858 $400 32.17 0.5
6 Lighting: Interior ‐
Rock climbing and
racquetball
Remove Manual Switching
and Add new Occupancy
Sensor
$1,410 $600 13.91 0.4
7 Lighting: Interior ‐
weight room
Remove Manual Switching
and Add new Occupancy
Sensor
$1,314 $600 12.94 0.5
8 Lighting: Interior ‐
Gymnasium
Remove Manual Switching
and Add new Occupancy
Sensor
$1,846 $900 12.08 0.5
9 Lighting: Interior ‐
T12 ‐ storage ‐
single OS
Replace with 9 FLUOR (2)
T8 8' F96T8 54W Energy‐
Saver StdElectronic and
Remove Manual Switching
and Add new Occupancy
Sensor
$928 $1,350 4.04 1.5
10 Exterior Door: (2)
double and (9)
single man‐doors
Remove existing door and
install standard pre‐hung
U‐0.16 insulated door,
including hardware.
$1,056 $7,407 3.84 7
Appendix B
Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison
AkWarm Commercial Audit Software
Nome Community Recreation Center
Page 4
PRIORITY LIST – RECOMMENDED ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES
Rank Feature Recommendation Annual Energy
Savings
Installed
Cost
SIR Payback
(Years)
11 Lighting: Interior ‐
dual tech OS
Remove Manual Switching
and Add new Occupancy
Sensor and at next re‐
lamp, Replace with 30
FLUOR (2) T8 4' F32T8 28W
Energy‐Saver
$765 $1,180 3.80 1.5
12 Lighting: Interior ‐
4‐lamp, single OS
Remove Manual Switching
and Add new Occupancy
Sensor and at next re‐
lamp, Replace with 30
FLUOR (2) T8 4' F32T8 28W
Energy‐Saver
$219 $372 3.45 1.7
13 Lighting: Interior ‐
T5 ‐ (2) OS ‐ Lobby
Remove Manual Switching
and Add new Occupancy
Sensor
$116 $300 2.27 2.6
14 Lighting: Interior ‐
4‐lamp, multiple OS
Remove Manual Switching
and Add new Occupancy
Sensor and at next re‐
lamp, Replace with 30
FLUOR (2) T8 4' F32T8 28W
Energy‐Saver
$743 $1,980 2.20 2.7
15 Lighting: Interior ‐
(2) OS per room
Remove Manual Switching
and Add new Occupancy
Sensor and at next re‐
lamp, Replace with 30
FLUOR (2) T8 4' F32T8 28W
Energy‐Saver
$367 $1,020 2.10 2.8
16 Lighting: Interior ‐
single OS
Remove Manual Switching
and Add new Occupancy
Sensor and at next re‐
lamp, Replace with 30
FLUOR (2) T8 4' F32T8 28W
Energy‐Saver
$876 $2,610 1.96 3
17 Lighting: Interior ‐
Incandescent ‐
storage ‐ single OS
Replace with 3 FLUOR CFL,
A Lamp 20W and Remove
Manual Switching and Add
new Occupancy Sensor
$152 $525 1.70 3.4
18 Lighting: Interior ‐
Sauna lights
Replace with 2 FLUOR CFL,
A Lamp 15W and Remove
Manual Switching and Add
new Occupancy Sensor
$101 $350 1.68 3.5
19 Lighting: Interior ‐
T12 ‐ Storage ‐ OS
acct for
Replace with 2 FLUOR T8
8' F96T8 54W Energy‐
Saver StdElectronic
$57 $200 1.65 3.5
Appendix B
Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison
AkWarm Commercial Audit Software
Nome Community Recreation Center
Page 5
PRIORITY LIST – RECOMMENDED ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES
Rank Feature Recommendation Annual Energy
Savings
Installed
Cost
SIR Payback
(Years)
20 Lighting: Interior
T12 ‐ storage ‐
single OS
Replace with 2 FLUOR T8
4' F32T8 28W Energy‐
Saver Program
StdElectronic and Remove
Manual Switching and Add
new Occupancy Sensor
$68 $350 1.13 5.2
21 Window/Skylight:
(6) South facing
windows
Replace existing window
with triple pane, 2 low‐E,
argon window.
$223 $5,134 0.84 23.1
22 Lighting: Interior ‐
T12 ‐ lavatories ‐
dual tech OS
Remove Manual Switching
and Add new Occupancy
Sensor
$54 $600 0.53 11.1
23 Window/Skylight:
(2) non‐south facing
windows
Replace existing window
with triple pane, 2 low‐E,
argon window.
$33 $1,256 0.50 38.5
24 Lighting: Interior ‐
(2) OS per corridor
Replace with 5 FLUOR (2)
T8 4' F32T8 28W Energy‐
Saver Program
StdElectronic and Remove
Manual Switching and Add
new Occupancy Sensor
$124 $1,530 0.47 12.3
25
see
note
below
Lighting: Interior ‐
T12 ‐ Bowling alley
lighting
Replace with 12 FLUOR T8
8' F96T8 54W Energy‐
Saver StdElectronic and
Remove Manual Switching
and Add new Occupancy
Sensor
‐$155 $1,500 ‐0.60 ‐9.7
26
see
note
below
Lighting: Interior ‐
CFL's in bowling
alley
Remove Manual Switching
and Add new Occupancy
Sensor
‐$60 $150 ‐2.32 ‐2.5
Appe
ndix
G‐1
Plumbing Fixtures:
(16) WC’s, (15)
lavatories, (6)
urinals, (14)
showers
Replace all fixtures with
low flow versions, and
proximity sensing on/off
valves
Appe
ndix
G‐2
Building HVAC
System
Re‐design and upgrade
HVAC system including
Ventilation and DDC
controls
Annual savings in
energy estimated
$4,000; annual
savings in
maintenance
costs estimated
$18,000
Increment
al cost at
EOL
$340,000
3.5 7.1
Appendix B
Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison
AkWarm Commercial Audit Software
Nome Community Recreation Center
Page 6
PRIORITY LIST – RECOMMENDED ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES
Rank Feature Recommendation Annual Energy
Savings
Installed
Cost
SIR Payback
(Years)
Appe
ndix
G‐3
Heat pipe and duct
insulation
Insulate all heating
plumbing, and ductwork
unknown
TOTAL ENERGY
SAVINGS
$27,277 $373,514 13.7
INCLUDING
MAINTENANCE
SAVINGS
$45,277 $373,514 8.2
Items 25 and 26 show negative annual energy savings, SIR and Payback’s because this
lighting is in the bowling alley and kitchen, which were essentially not in use (other than
maintenance and an occasional class) during the benchmark period and therefore, in the
AKWarm model, had almost no associated energy expense. In the retrofit in AKWarm
model, usage of the bowling alley is increased to 25-30 hours/week (per the Recreation
Director), and even though there are savings associated with the addition of occupancy
sensors, energy costs are higher than before the retrofit, and therefore savings are
negative.
27
Appendix C – Mechanical Equipment Schedules
ALL SCHEDULES COMPILED FROM ON‐SITE NAMEPLATE OBSERVATION ‐WHERE
ACCESSIBLE
AIR HANDLER SCHEDULE
SYMBOL MFGR/MODEL
estimated
FAN CFM
MOTOR
DATA
HP/VOLTS/PH REMARKS
AH‐1 Trane 1500 .25/115/1
retrofitted, located south side of
gymnasium
HRV‐4 LifeBreath 1200DD 2000 5.6A/120/1
retrofitted, located second floor
storage, exhausts locker rooms,
feeds weight room, dance studio
and upstairs offices, on manual
switch with side‐arm pre‐heat coil
DE‐STRATIFICATION FAN SCHEDULE
SYMBOL MOTOR MFGR/MODEL CFM
MOTOR
DATA
HP/VOLTS/PH REMARKS
DF‐1 unknown ‐ 120W/115/1 Gymnasium, estimated wattage
DF‐2 unknown ‐ 120W/115/1 Gymnasium, estimated wattage
DF‐3 unknown ‐ 120W/115/1 Gymnasium, estimated wattage
DF‐4 unknown ‐ 120W/115/1 Gymnasium, estimated wattage
DF‐5 unknown ‐ 120W/115/1 Gymnasium, estimated wattage
DF‐6 unknown ‐ 120W/115/1 Gymnasium, estimated wattage
DF‐7 unknown ‐ 60W/115/1 Weight Room, estimated wattage
DF‐8 unknown ‐ 60W/115/1 Weight Room, estimated wattage
DF‐9 unknown ‐ 60W/115/1 Weight Room, estimated wattage
DF‐10 unknown ‐ 90W/115/1 Bowling alley, estimated wattage
DF‐11 unknown ‐ 90W/115/1 Bowling alley, estimated wattage
EXHAUST FAN SCHEDULE
SYMBOL MOTOR MFGR/MODEL
estimated
CFM
MOTOR
DATA
HP/VOLTS/PH REMARKS
EF‐1 unknown 85 60W/115/1 Supply’s second floor offices
EF‐2 unknown 3000 .5/115/1 exhausts gymnasium
EF‐3 unknown 1500 .25/115/1
exhausts rock climbing room,
dumps into gymnasium
28
EF‐4 unknown 1500 .25/115/1
exhausts racquet ball court, dumps
into gymnasium
EF‐5 unknown 85 60W/115/1
located in second floor storage,
feeds lavatory water supply to
prevent freeze up
EF‐6 unknown 85 60W/115/1 Family restroom exhaust
EF‐7 unknown 85 60W/115/1 Men’s locker room exhaust
EF‐8 unknown 85 60W/115/1 Men’s locker room exhaust
EF‐9 unknown 85 60W/115/1 Women's locker room exhaust
EF‐10 unknown 85 60W/115/1 Women's locker room exhaust
EF‐11 unknown 85 60W/115/1 Men’s room, south of gym
EF‐12 unknown 85 60W/115/1 Women’s room, south of gym
EF‐13 unknown 85 60W/115/1 Massage room
EF‐14 unknown 85 60W/115/1 Men’s room, bowling alley
EF‐15 unknown 85 60W/115/1 Women’s room, bowling alley
EF‐16 unknown 1500 .25/115/1 Kitchen stove exhaust hood
PUMP SCHEDULE
SYMBOL MFGR/MODEL
estimated
GPM
MOTOR
DATA
HP/VOLTS/PH REMARKS
CP‐1 Grundfos UPS‐15‐18 .4A/115/1
DHW circulation to Amtrol 119
gallon, on non‐functional timer
CP‐2 Grundfos UPS‐15‐42 .57A/115/1 Sewer line heat circulation
CP‐3 Grundfos UPS‐15‐42 .57A/115/1
Water supply to men's lav ‐ heat
circulation
CP‐4 Grundfos UPC 50‐160 E 9A/115/1 main B‐1 circulation pump
CP‐5 Grundfos UPS‐15‐42 .57A/115/1 provides heat to HRV‐4
CP‐6 Grundfos UPS‐15‐42 .57A/115/1
provided heat to preheat coil on
HRV‐4
CP‐7 Grundfos UPS‐15‐42 .57A/115/1 Sewer line heat circulation
CP‐8 Grundfos UPS‐15‐42 .57A/115/1 Sewer line heat circulation
CP‐9 Grundfos UPC 50‐160 E 9A/115/1
main B‐2 circulation pump, always
on
CP‐10 (31) Grundfos UPC 50‐160 E 9A/115/1
main B‐3 circulation pump, tstat
controlled
CP‐11 Grundfos UPS‐15‐18 .4A/115/1
DHW circulation to Amtrol 41
gallon
CP‐12 Grundfos UP‐15‐42 .74A/115/1 water supply re‐circulation
29
BOILER SCHEDULE
SYMBOL MFGR/MODEL
MOTOR
DATA
HP/VOLTS/PH REMARKS
B‐1 Weil McLain BL‐776‐SW .33/115/1
oil fired, 480 MBU input, 417 MBH
output, cast iron sectional;
provides heat to east wing of
building
B‐2 Weil McLain 586 .5/115/1
oil fired, 363 MBU input, 82%
efficient, cast iron sectional;
provides heat to gymnasium and
courts
B‐3 Weil McLain 486 .5/115/1
oil fired, 330 MBU input, 82%
efficient, cast iron sectional;
provides heat to bowling alley and
south entry
UNIT HEATER SCHEDULE
SYMBOL MFGR/MODEL
estimated
CFM
MOTOR
DATA
HP/VOLTS/PH REMARKS
UH‐1 Trane UHSA 060SAAAC Hydronic 815 .1/115/1
Gymnasium SE, retrofitted with
fluid control valve tied to fan t‐stat
UH‐2 Trane UHSA 060SAAAC Hydronic 815 .1/115/1
Gymnasium SW, retrofitted with
fluid control valve tied to fan t‐stat
UH‐3 Trane UHSA 060SAAAC Hydronic 815 .1/115/1
Gymnasium NE, retrofitted with
fluid control valve tied to fan t‐stat
UH‐4 Trane UHSA 060SAAAC Hydronic 815 .1/115/1
Gymnasium NW, retrofitted with
fluid control valve tied to fan t‐stat
UH‐5 Trane UHSA 060SAAAC Hydronic 815 .1/115/1
Dance studio W, fan‐controlled
tstat, running wild
UH‐6 Trane UHSA 060SAAAC Hydronic 815 .1/115/1
Dance studio E, fan‐controlled
tstat, running wild
UH‐7 Trane UHSA 060SAAAC Hydronic 815 .1/115/1
Weight Room N, fan controlled,
running wild
UH‐8 Trane UHSA 060SAAAC Hydronic 815 .1/115/1
Weight Room S, retrofitted with
fluid control valve tied to fan tstat
UH‐9 Trane UHSA 126SAAAF Hydronic 2000 3A/115/1
Bowling alley, retrofitted with fluid
control valve tied to fan tstat
UH‐10 Trane UHSA 126SAAAF Hydronic 2000 3A/115/1
Bowling alley, retrofitted with fluid
control valve tied to fan tstat
UH‐11 Trane UHSA 126SAAAF Hydronic 2000 3A/115/1
Bowling alley, retrofitted with fluid
control valve tied to fan tstat
30
UH‐12 Trane UHSA 126SAAAF Hydronic 2000 3A/115/1
Bowling alley, retrofitted with fluid
control valve tied to fan tstat
UH‐13 Trane UHSA 126SAAAF Hydronic 2000 3A/115/1
Bowling alley, fan‐controlled tstat,
running wild
UH‐14 Trane UHSA 126SAAAF Hydronic 2000 3A/115/1
Bowling alley, fan‐controlled tstat,
running wild
HOT WATER GENERATOR SCHEDULE
SYMBOL MFGR/MODEL GALLONS
NUMBER OF
ELEMENTS ELEMENT SIZE
HW‐2 Amtrol WH7CDW 41 n/a Indirect water generator
HW‐1 Amtrol WHS ‐120Z 119 n/a
Indirect water generator ‐
supplying showers
PLUMBING FIXTURES
SYMBOL FIXTURE GPF QUANTITY REMARKS
P‐1 W.C. 3 16 manually operated
P‐2 Urinal 1.5 6
5 manually operated, 1 on
proximity sensor
P‐3 Lavatory sink ‐ 15 manually operated
P‐4 Deep, double Kitchen sink ‐ 1 manually operated
P‐5 Shower ‐ 14 manually operated
P‐6 Clothes Washer 1 residential type, top loading
31
Appendix C – Lighting Schedule – 2011 upgrade
32
Appendix D
Building First Floor Plan
33
Appendix D
Building Second Floor Plan
34 Appendix D Building Section
35
Appendix E
Lighting Plan – first floor
36
Appendix E
Lighting Plan - second floor
37 Appendix F – Mechanical Schematic
38
Appendix G
Additional, Building-Specific EEM details
G-1: Plumbing fixtures: All toilets, urinals and faucets should be retrofitted or
be replaced with fixtures that have proximity sensing on/off controls. This audit
does not include water usage and AKWarm does not allow for the modeling of
this, but a typical faucet retrofit will result in 30% water savings and will payback
in under 3 years. Installing 2-level flush toilets (.9 gallons per flush for liquids,
1.6 gallons for solids) typically saves 33% water, and pays back in under 2
years. Waterless urinals require more routine maintenance, but save 100% of
water used, and typically pay back within 3 years.
G-2: HVAC Re-design and upgrade:
As discussed in the Executive summary, on pages 7 and 8, the HVAC system is
reaching its EOL and is in need of an upgrade. The (3) boilers are 29 years old,
there is essentially no ventilation in the building, and the control system is
outdated and in need of ongoing maintenance. Additionally, with the volume of
exhaust from the 16 EF’s (especially when the kitchen is used again in 2011)
the building is most likely under negative pressure, which increases cold air
infiltration and boiler heat load.
It is recommended that the HVAC system be re-designed by a registered
engineer to bring the system into compliance with building codes, and it should
include replacement of the (3) boilers be with (3) higher efficiency models, the
addition of a ventilation system with VFD motors and a DDC HVAC control
system. This will require a significant capital investment, and is estimated to
have a simple payback of 15.4 years on the incremental cost difference between
simply replacement of the existing boilers, and a redesign and upgrade of the
HVAC system - per the estimates below.
An estimate of costs and savings follows:
Straight across
replacement
cost, installed
Incremental
difference for
higher efficiency
version
Annual
projected
energy savings
Annual
projected
maintenance
savings
(3) 400 MBU, Cast Iron
Sectional boilers $ 120,000 $ 20,000 $ 4,000 $ 4,000
DDC control System $ ‐ $ 40,000 $ ‐ $ 4,000
Modifications to piping,
actuators, ducting, etc $ ‐ $ 30,000 $ ‐ $ 5,000
Purchase and installation of
AHU's including ducting,
piping, etc. $ ‐ $ 250,000 $ ‐ $ 5,000
totals $ 120,000 $ 340,000
$ 4,000 $ 18,000
39
G-3: Install pipe and duct insulation: Even in conditioned spaces, heat delivery
pipes and ducting should be insulated. This becomes more important after set-back
thermostats are installed, as reduction in room temperatures create additional load on
the boiler.
40
Appendix H
2007 Recreation Planning Study