HomeMy WebLinkAboutBSSD-KOY-RSA Koyuk Malemute School 2012-EERichard S. Armstrong, PE, LLC
Mechanical/Electrical Engineer
Comprehensive Energy Audit
of
Koyuk Malimiut K12 School
Koyuk, Alaska
Project # BSSDKOYRSA01
Prepared for:
Bering Strait School District
Contact: Richard Ried, Maintenance Supervisor
Phone: 9076244249
Unalakleet, Alaska
February 18, 2012
Prepared by:
Richard S. Armstrong, PE, LLC
2321 Merrill Field Drive, C$6
Anchorage, AK 99501
and
RSA Engineering, Inc.
2422 Arctic Blvd., Suite 200
Anchorage, AK 99503
Koyuk Malimuit K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Report Disclaimers 3
2. Executive Summary 4
3. Audit and Analysis Background 7
4. Acknowledgements 9
5. Building Description & Function 10
6. Historic Energy Consumption 13
7. Energy Efficiency Measures Considered or Recommended 13
8. Interactive Effects of Projects 18
9. Loan Program 19
Appendix A: Photos 20
Appendix B: AkWarmC Report 34
Appendix C: Building Schedules and Plans 41
Performed by: ___________________________
Adam W. Wilson, PE, CEA
CEA # 1618
RSA Engineering, Inc.
Reviewed by: ___________________________
Richard Armstrong, PE, CEM
CEA #178, CEM # 13557
Koyuk Malimuit K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
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1. REPORT DISCLAIMERS
The information contained in this report, including any attachments, is
intended solely for use by the building owner and the AHFC. No others
are authorized to disclose, copy, distribute or retain this report, in whole or
part, without written authorization from Richard S. Armstrong, PE, LLC,
2321 Merrill Field Drive, C$6, Anchorage, AK 99501. Additionally, this
report contains recommendations that, in the opinion of the auditor, will
cause the owner to realize energy savings over time. All
recommendations must be designed by a registered engineer, licensed in
the State of Alaska, in the appropriate discipline. Lighting
recommendations should all be first reviewed by running a lighting
analysis to assure that the recommended lighting upgrades will comply
with State of Alaska Statue as well as IES recommendations.
Payback periods may well vary from those forecast due to the uncertainty
of the final installed design, configuration, equipment selected, and
installation costs of recommended Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs), or
the operating schedules and maintenance provided by the owner.
Furthermore, EEMs are typically interactive, so implementation of one
EEM may impact the cost savings from another EEM. Neither the auditor,
Richard S. Armstrong, PE, LLC, AHFC, or others involved in preparation of
this report will accept liability for financial loss due to EEMs that fail to
meet the forecasted payback periods.
This audit meets the criteria of an Investment Grade Audit (IGA) per the
Association of Energy Engineers definition, and is valid for one year. The
life of the IGA may be extended on a case$by$case basis, at the discretion
of the AHFC.
IGSs are the property of the State, and may be incorporated into AkWarm$
C, the Alaska Energy Data Inventory (ARIS), or other state and/or public
information system.
Koyuk Malimuit K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
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Investment Grade Energy Audit
Koyuk Malimiut K12 School
2. Executive Summary:
The Koyuk Malimiut K$12 School was constructed in 2004, using
design concepts and construction materials that were similar to
present day Western Alaska school construction. It is owned and
operated by the Bering Strait School District (BSSD). Benchmark
energy use data collected for this building is presented in Table 1
below:
Table 1
2009 2009 2010 2010
Utility Consumption Cost/Year Consumption Cost/Year
Electricity$kWh 223,614 $136,792 236,251 $107,659
No. 2 Fuel Oil $
Gallons
22,550 $ 86,008 24,008 $ 74,915
Ttl Energy Costs $222,800 $182,274
A benchmark measure of energy use relative to other similar function
buildings in the area is the Energy Use Index (EUI), which takes the
total annual energy used by the facility divided by the square footage
area of the building, for a value expressed in terms of kBTU/SF.
This number can then be compared to other buildings to see if it is
about average, higher or lower than similar buildings in the area.
Likewise, the Energy Cost Index (ECI) is the cost of all energy used
by the building expressed in $/SF of building area. The comparative
values for the subject building are listed in Table 2 below:
Table 2
Koyuk Malimiut
K$12 School
Elim Aniguilin K$
12 School (neigh$
boring village)
Average for
All BSSD
Schools
Energy Use Index (EUI)
kBTU/SF Avg 2009, 2010
136.4 71.2 125.3
Energy Cost Index (ECI)
Average 2009, 2010
$7.17 $4.49 $6.73
Various Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs) have been analyzed for
this building to determine if they would be applicable for energy
savings with reasonably good payback periods. Those EEMs that
Koyuk Malimuit K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
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have a payback period or those that are recommended for code
compliance, life cycle replacement, or other reasons are also
included.
Specific EEMs recommended for this facility are detailed in the
attached AkWarm Energy Audit Report along with specific payback
times, as well as estimated installation costs and estimated energy
savings. The higher priority items are summarized below:
a. Air Handler Controls
i. Automated Schedules vs. Manual Control: The air
handling units (AHUs) are designed to operate using
preprogrammed schedules but are actually operated
manually by the school maintenance personnel. The
AHUs should be operated using schedules rather than
manually in order to ensure they are operating only
when needed. If necessary the schedules should be
reprogrammed to accommodate the actual hours of
operation since they are likely different than originally
programmed.
ii. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Monitoring: CO2 sensors can
be utilized to help reduce the amount of outside air
drawn into the building. Rather than supply a set
minimum amount of outside air during AHU operation
(20% of total AHU air volume, for example) the
outside air can be varied to maintain the CO2 levels
below a determined setpoint, typically 750 parts per
million for schools. This often results in less outside
air being drawn into the building, which reduces the
amount of energy needed to heat the air.
iii. The above changes to AHU control will provide an
estimated 10$15% annual energy savings with an
expected payback of approximately 1 year.
b. Pumps
i. The main constant volume heating circulations pumps
for the school can be changed out for variable speed
pumps. The pumps can run at lower speeds when the
school has a low heating demand, which will save
power and reduce cost. The main circulation pump
Koyuk Malimuit K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
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can also be turned off when there is no call for
heating, rather than run continuously as it currently
does.
ii. The constant duty domestic water recirculation pump
could be replaced with a pump that runs on a time
clock and only operates during hours that it is needed.
iii. The pump changes will provide about 5$10% energy
savings for the building with a payback of about 1
year.
c. Reduce Thermostat Set Points: Most of the classrooms
and offices in the building have a daytime heating setpoint
of 75 degrees F and nighttime heating setpoints of 68
degrees F. It is recommended that the daytime setpoint be
reduced to 72 degrees F and the nighttime setpoint be
reduced to 60 degrees F. The lower nighttime setback
alone would save approximately $21,500 per year. Since
the temperatures are set using the existing DDC system
there is no additional equipment needed so the payback
would be immediate. If a control contractor was hired to
program the temperature setpoints the payback would be
well under a year.
d. Upgrade Exterior Lighting: There are 17 exterior light
fixtures that use high pressure sodium (HPS) lamps and
only operate during dark times of the year. It is
recommended that the fixtures be replaced with light
emitting diode (LED) fixtures. If all fixtures were replaced
the energy savings for lighting only would be approximately
8% and have a payback of about 14.6 years. This is a
longer payback period than typically considered worthwhile.
However the cost of LED fixtures is decreasing rapidly as
more products are available on the market. With the cost of
energy increasing every year it may only be a year or two
before the payback is closer to 7 years.
In addition to EEMs, various Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs)
are recommended that were not part of the energy audit model.
Some involve a modest capital investment. Others are policies or
procedures that are followed by management and employees that
Koyuk Malimuit K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
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require no capital outlay. Examples of recommended ECMs for this
facility include:
1. Water closet flushometer valve retrofit for dual level
flushing.
2. Turn off computers, monitors, printers, faxes, coffee
makers, etc when leaving the office for the day.
3. Disconnect refrigeration equipment over the summer,
including walk$in units and residential style refrigerators
throughout the building. This will save approximately
$1,800/year.
The priority recommendations in the detailed report are estimated to
save $45,638/year, with an installed cost of $44,752, for a 1 year
payback. This does not include design or CA services, but overall it
does indicate a cost effective energy savings program.
3. Audit and Analysis Background:
a. Program Description: This audit included services to identify,
develop, and evaluate energy efficiency measures at the
subject building. The scope of this project included evaluating
the building shell, lighting, other electrical systems, and
heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment.
Measures were selected such that an overall simple payback
period of 8 years or less could be achieved.
b. Audit Description and Methodology: Preliminary audit
information was gathered in preparation for the site survey,
including benchmark utility consumption data, floor and lighting
plans, and equipment schedules where available. A site visit
was performed to inventory and evaluate the actual building
condition, including:
i. Building envelope (roof, windows, etc)
ii. Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning
iii. Lighting systems and controls
iv. Building specific equipment
v. Plumbing systems
Koyuk Malimuit K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
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c. Method of Analysis: The information gathered prior to the site
visit and at the site visit is entered into AkWarm$C, an energy
modeling developed for Alaska Housing Finance Corporation
(AHFC) specifically to identify forecasted energy consumption
which can be compared to actual energy consumption.
AkWarm$C also has some pre$programmed EEM retrofit
options that can be analyzed with energy savings forecasted
based on occupancy schedules, utility rates, building
construction type, building function, existing conditions, and
climatic data that is already uploaded to the program based on
the zip code of the building. When new equipment is
proposed, energy consumption is calculated based on
manufacturer’s cataloged information.
Cost savings are calculated based on the historical energy
costs for the building. Installation costs include labor and
equipment to estimate the full up$front investment required to
implement a change, but design and construction management
costs are excluded. Costs are derived from Means Cost Data,
industry publications, experience of the auditor, local
contractors and equipment suppliers. Maintenance savings
are calculated were applicable and are added to the energy
savings for each EEM.
The cost and savings are applied and a simple payback and
simple return on investment (ROI) is calculated. The simple
payback is based on the number of years that it takes for the
savings to pay back the net installation cost (Net Installation
divided by Net Savings.)
A simple life$time calculation is shown for each EEM. The life$
time for each EEM is estimated based on the typical life of the
equipment being replaced or altered. The energy savings is
extrapolated throughout the life$time of the EEM. The total
energy savings is calculated as the total life$time multiplied by
the yearly savings.
d. Limitations of the Study: All results are dependent on the
quality of input data provided, and can only act as an
Koyuk Malimuit K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
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approximation. In some instances, several methods may
achieve the identified savings. This report is not intended as a
final design document. A design professional, licensed to
practice in Alaska and in the appropriate discipline, who is
following the recommendations, shall accept full responsibility
and liability for the results. Budgetary estimates for
engineering and design of these projects in not included in the
cost estimate for each measure, but these costs generally run
around 15% of the cost of the work.
4. Acknowledgements: We wish to acknowledge the help of numerous
individuals who have contributed information that was used to prepare
this report, including:
a. Alaska Housing Finance Corporation (Grantor): AHFC
provided the grant funds, contracting agreements, guidelines,
and technical direction for providing the audits. AHFC
reviewed and approved the final short list of buildings to be
audited based on the recommendation of the Technical
Service Provider (TSP).
b. Bering Strait School District (Owner): The BSSD provided
building access, original construction plans, two years energy
billing data, building schedules and functions, as well as other
resources needed to perform the audit.
c. Central Alaska Engineering Company (Benchmark TSP):
Central Alaska Engineering Company compiled the data
received from the BSSD and entered that data into the
statewide building database, called the Alaska Retrofit
Information System (ARIS).
d. Richard S. Armstrong, PE, LLC (Audit TSP): This is the
TSP who was awarded the projects in the Arctic Slope
Regional Corporation, Bering Straits area, and the Nana area.
The firm gathered all relevant benchmark information provided
to them, cataloged which buildings would have the greatest
potential payback, and prioritized buildings to be audited based
on numerous factors, including the Energy Use Index (EUI),
Koyuk Malimuit K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
10
the Energy Cost Index (ECI), the age of the building, the size
of the building, the location of the building, the function of the
building, and the availability of plans for the building. They
also trained their selected sub$contracted auditors, assigned
auditors to the selected buildings, and performed quality
control reviews of the resulting audits. They prepared a listing
of potential EEMs that each auditor must consider, as well as
the potential EEMs that the individual auditor may notice in the
course of his audit. Richard S. Armstrong, PE, LLC also
performed some of the audits to assure current knowledge of
existing conditions.
5. Building Description and Function: The subject structure is called
the Koyuk Malimiut School, which was constructed in 2004. The
building serves as a kindergarten through twelfth grade (K$12)
educational facility, which includes classrooms, administrative offices,
a commercial kitchen, a multi$purpose lobby, a gymnasium, locker
rooms, vocational education room with shop, restrooms, and multiple
storage and utility spaces. The building is a one story structure with
an enclosed mechanical mezzanine above the locker rooms and an
insulated crawlspace below the entire building footprint. The
gymnasium, library/media room, vocational education room, student
shop, and multi$purpose lobby have high ceilings extending to the
underside of the roof. Hallways have 12 to 13 feet ceilings.
Classrooms, offices, locker rooms, the kitchen and various storage
and utility rooms have ceilings heights ranging from 8 to 9.5 feet. The
crawlspace averages about 5 feet in height and is below grade on the
north side of the building and above grade on the south side. The
building roof and exterior walls are constructed of structural insulated
panels (SIPs) and the exteriors are covered with metal roofing and
metal siding respectively. The roof insulation value is approximately
R$49 and the exterior walls approximately R$41. The overall building
design and construction is similar to many schools that have been
built in Western Alaska in the last 5 to 10 years. The building is in
very good condition overall and appears to operate more or less as
designed. The building is occupied from the middle of August through
the middle of May. The school is unused during the summer months.
Koyuk Malimuit K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
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a. Heating System: The school heating plant is in a detached
building located on the school property. Heat is delievered to
the school through an above grade utilidor that enters the
school building in the west corner of the gymnasium, in a
storage room. The building heating system consists of two
Weil$McLain 788 cast iron sectional boilers with Gordon$Piatt
model R8.3$0$15 fuel oil burners. The boilers provide heat to
the school building only (the boiler utility building is heated by
two smaller boilers that serve the teacher housing as well. The
housing boilers and utility building energy use were not
considered in this audit). The boilers are original to the 2004
school construction. Hot glycol is circulated around the
building using two Grundfos model TP80$240 circulators, each
with a 3 HP motor. A third pump is also installed as a back up
in the event that one of the two main pumps goes down. The
two main pumps operate in lead$lag fashion. The lead pump
operates by itself as long as it is able to maintain pressure and
temperature within the heating loop. When the lead pump is
not able to keep up by itself the lag pump runs. The pumps are
not equipped with VFD drives, so they run at full speed when
they operate. The lead pump runs constantly, year round.
Heat is distributed throughout the building using ceiling radiant
panels in most perimeter spaces, unit heaters in the
gymnasuim, crawlspace and utility spaces, cabinet unit heaters
in vestibule entries, and some supplemental heat through
tempered ventilation air.
b. Ventilation System: There are four air handlers in the building
as well as multiple exhaust and ventilation fans. AHU$1 is the
air handler that serves the classrooms and administrative
spaces in the building. AHU$2 serves the gymnasium. AHU$3
serves the vocational education and home economics
classrooms. AHU$4 is the make$up air unit for the kitchen
cooking line exhaust hood, however it is not used. Exhaust
fans are installed for the kitchen cooking line exhaust hood,
commercial dishwasher hood, locker rooms, restrooms, and
school store. Wall$mounted propeller fans serving as exhaust
or ventilation are found in the boiler utility building, vocational
education shop, and above the walk$in freezer and refrigerator
Koyuk Malimuit K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
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in the kitchen. Heating of ventilation (outside) air is a
significant source of energy consumption for commercial
buildings. State of Alaska design codes mandate that certain
quantities of ventilation air must be provided. However, there
are devices and strategies that can be employed to regulate
the introduction of ventilation air so energy is not wasted, such
as demand control ventilation based on CO2 concentration.
c. Plumbing System: Water is provided from the village utility
and there is not any on$site storage (a fire sprinkler water
storage tank is installed in the crawlspace but it is separate
from the domestic water system). Fixtures include water
closets, lavatories, single head showers, semi$circular “gang”
handwash stations, classroom sinks, mop sinks, and large
sinks for cooking. Most fixtures are located in bathrooms,
locker rooms, custodial closets and the commercial kitchen.
Classrooms for the younger elementary school children have
adjoining water closets and lavatories as well as sinks in the
classroom.
d. Domestic Hot Water: How water is generated using five
indirect water heaters, each with a holding capacity of 120
gallons. No additional hot water storage is provided. There is
a hot water recirculation pump that runs constantly to provide
instant hot water to remote fixtures.
e. Lighting: Typical lighting used throughout occupied spaces in
the building is provided with T$8 fluorescent fixtures using
electronic ballasts and controlled with occupancy sensors. The
gymnasium was originally lit using metal halide (MH) fixtures at
400 watts per fixture but have since been retrofitted to utilize
(8) compact fluorescent bulbs at 42 watts each, for a total of
336 watts per fixture. Gymnasium lights are switched on
manually with a key. Exterior lights are high pressure sodium
(HPS) fixtures and include wall packs (70 and 250 watts),
surface canopy mounted (50 watts), and pole mounted (250
watts) fixtures. Exterior lights operate using daylight sensors.
Koyuk Malimuit K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
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f. Fire Sprinkler: The building is equipped with a fire sprinkler
protection system throughout. A fire sprinkler water storage
tank, approximately 10,000 gallons in capacity, is installed in
the crawlspace.
6. Historic Energy Consumption: Energy consumption is modeled
within the AkWarm$C program. The program only analyzes 12
months of data, so where 24 months of data are available, the data is
averaged and input to AkWarm$C to provide more accuracy. The
energy consumption data is presented and graphed in the attached
AkWarm$C program results.
Based on the benchmark energy data for 2009 and 2010, the average
electric consumption for the building was 229,931kWh/year at an
average cost of $122,226/year. The average fuel oil consumption was
23,278 gallons/year, at an average annual cost of $80,462/year.
7. Energy Efficiency Measures Considered or Recommended: The
building was examined for application of a multitude of potential EEMs
that are discussed below. Those EEMs that appear to have an
application for the subject building are further analyzed for estimated
payback periods, either within the AkWarm$C program or separately
within this report. The accuracy of the cost estimates and paybacks
varies significantly due to a multitude of conditions, but is estimated to
be approximately +/$ 25%. Assumptions made regarding energy costs
and the life of the EEM, noting that post$construction measurement
and verification are based on energy savings, not energy cost
savings. Many of the selected EEMs are analyzed within the
AkWarm$C program using the schedules and estimated costs input
into the model.
a. Ventilation Control: The air handling units (AHUs) serving
the various school spaces were designed to function using a
direct digital control (DDC) system that would operate the units
using programmed schedules based upon hours of occupancy
of the spaces served. Even though the schedules appear to
be installed in the DDC system the AHUs are operated
manually, turned on and off daily by maintenance personnel
based on their knowledge of space occupancy. This creates
Koyuk Malimuit K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
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two problems. First, in the event that a unit is not turned on the
school will not have adequate ventilation air, which will affect
occupant comfort and performance. Second, if a unit is left on
outside of school hours it is a waste of energy. There are two
adjustments that can be made at the same time that will
improve control of the AHUs.
i. Operation Schedules: Each of the AHUs serves a
space (or spaces) with unique occupancy schedules.
During the course of the audit the DDC schedules were
reviewed and it appeared that there were only two
programmed schedules in use; one for the classrooms
and administration and the other for the gymnasium.
What was most significant about the scheduling was that
it did not accurately track the hours that the spaces were
in use. They also did not appear to include times when
the AHUs would be off for extended periods of time, such
as holidays and summer break. In order to reduce the
amount of electric and heating energy used by the AHUs
the following scheduling changes are recommended:
1. AHU1, Classrooms and Administration –
Operate the unit only during school hours.
2. AHU2, Gymnasium – Operate the unit during
known periods of occupancy such as school hours
and scheduled “open gym” hours. Consider
installing a manual override timer in the gymnasium
or front office, accessible only to staff, that will
operate the AHU for a set period of time such as 1
or 2 hours. This will allow the flexibility of operating
the AHU outside of typical schedules, for sporting
events or community gatherings, without the
possibility of forgetting to turn the unit off.
3. AHU3, Home Economics/Vocational Education
– This unit appeared to be operating on the same
schedule as AHU$1 even though the times of
occupancy are quite different. Provide a dedicated
Koyuk Malimuit K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
15
schedule for AHU$3 and/or consider installing a
manual timer such as described for AHU$2 above.
Given that these spaces have moderately industrial
uses it is important that the AHU is operable during
occupancy to provide adequate air changes.
4. AHU4, Kitchen Exhaust MakeUp Air – This unit
was designed to be interlocked with the kitchen
cooking hood exhaust fan, EF$4, but has been
disabled so it does not run at all. This was
problematic because the kitchen is not being
supplied with code required make$up (fresh) air,
and the kitchen hood fan created a large negative
pressure in the building since it was not provided
air from AHU$4. It is recommended that AHU$4 be
enabled to operate with EF$4 per design.
Unfortunately, using this unit will increase the
electric and fuel consumption of the facility.
However, for the energy model the unit was left
“off” in order to provide a consistent comparison
between existing and retrofit energy uses.
ii. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Monitoring: The amount of CO2
in a building has been shown to have a direct effect on
the performance of the occupants in the building. High
levels of CO2 cause occupants to feel sleepy and lose
concentration. It is also an indication that other indoor
contaminants, such as volatile organic compounds
(VOCs), odors and excessive humidity are likely
increasing in concentration. For these reasons
ventilation air is required by code to refresh indoor
building air. Typically the ventilation rate is determined
based on the number of occupants and space sizes. In
many cases this over$ventilates the space. Another
method of ventilating spaces is called demand control
ventilation, which entails varying the amount of outside
air supplied based on CO2 levels in the building.
Sensors can be placed in spaces throughout the building
(preferred) or in the return air duct at the AHUs, and the
Koyuk Malimuit K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
16
AHU outside air dampers can be modulated to increase
or decrease the outside air delivered to the building.
This modification applies specifically to AHU$1 and AHU$
2 and may also be appropriate for AHU$3. The DDC
schematic for AHU$2 shows a CO2 sensor installed and
reading in the return air duct but it does not appear to be
used for controlling outside air volume.
b. Rebalance Hydronic (heating) System: It was discovered
during conversations with building administration and
maintenance personnel that some of the heating zones around
the school building had been manually adjusted by
maintenance personnel to address hot and cold spots that
building users were experiencing. It is assumed that,
according to standard building start up and commissioning
procedures, the hydronic system was balanced according to
design. If changes have been made to the flow rates in
various zones throughout the building it is likely that the system
is out of balance and heat is not being distributed as designed.
This would result in some zones over$heating and some
possibly under heating. There were a number of rooms that
were observed with exterior windows open (even during
unoccupied hours), presumably to cool the spaces due to over$
heating. It is recommended that the hydronic system be
professionally rebalanced and that the maintenance personnel
receive training on how to make adjustments to the system (i.e.
adjusting space temperature settings through the DDC system)
to increase occupant comfort.
c. Boiler Temperature Outdoor Air Reset: As the outside air
temperature varies building heat loss varies as well, losing
heat at a faster rate as the ambient temperature drops. Boiler
systems are typically sized to meet the heating demands of the
coldest expected temperatures. These extreme temperatures
may only occur for short durations in a given winter and will
vary in frequency and length year to year. Most cast iron
sectional boilers supply heating water at the same temperature
year$round. During periods of warmer weather in the heating
season high heating water supply temperatures may cause
Koyuk Malimuit K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
17
space temperatures to overshoot setpoints because the hot
boiler water dumps heat into the building at a faster rate than
the building is losing it, leading to occupant discomfort. This
will also cause the boilers to cycle more often since it takes
less time to heat the returning water, putting unnecessary ware
on the boilers. A common way of handling this issue is to use
an outdoor reset controller to reduce the heating loop
temperature so that heat is transferred into the building closer
to the rate at which the building is losing heat. Outdoor reset
varies the boiler or heating loop water temperature based on
the ambient temperature – increasing the water temperature
when outdoor conditions are cold and decreasing water
temperature for warmer outdoor conditions. It was observed
on site that maintenance personnel were manually adjusting
the boiler temperature to give the same effect. In order to
maintain tighter control and prevent issues such as setting the
boiler temperature too low (causing the boiler to condense or
providing inadequate heating water temperatures for the hot
water generators), or forgetting to reset the boiler temperature,
it is recommended that a controller be installed that will
perform the outdoor reset automatically. There is not a
provision for simulating this in the AkWarm$C program so no
energy savings are considered here. However it is
recommended that a licensed professional engineer perform
the design for installation of this controller at which time an
energy savings analysis could be performed.
d. Repair/Replace Windows: It was observed while on site that
a number of exterior operable windows were taped shut from
the outside, with tape covering the entire seam between the
sash and mullion. It is assumed that these are locations where
air was infiltrating the building, increasing the building heat
load. It is recommended that all installed operable windows be
inspected for tight seals and repaired or replaced as
necessary.
e. Waste Heat: The school building is not currently supplied with
waste heat. However the school is roughly 0.25 miles from the
village power utility. If the school was supplied with waste heat
Koyuk Malimuit K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
18
from the village power plant it would have a tremendous impact
on energy savings for the school, likely surpassing fuel oil as
the primary heating source. Connecting the school heating
plant to the village power plant would require a large capital
investment but could have a payback of 5$10 years, making
the investment worthwhile. No investigation has been
performed on the amount of heat that would be available from
the power plant, which would require a thorough engineering
analysis. It is recommended that a preliminary investigation be
performed to determine the viability of this option.
f. Fuel Oil Metering: It is recommended that fuel oil meters be
installed to track the amount of fuel used by the boilers and
electric generator. The only methods currently used on site for
tracking fuel usage are recording the amount of fuel put into
bulk fuel storage tanks when they are refilled and maintenance
personnel manually recording the fuel levels in the tanks.
Neither method is able to provide precise information nor does
it give a detailed picture of the rate at which fuel is used.
Installing a fuel oil meter on the boiler fuel line, and another
one on the generator fuel line will show the exact amount of
fuel consumed and how quickly. This information can be tied
into the building DDC system and saved as trend log data,
and/or the meter can have an analog dial for visual inspection.
AMCO and other companies manufacture meters that meet
these requirements.
8. Interactive Effects of Projects: The AkWarm$C program calculates
savings assuming that all recommended EEM are implemented. If
some EEMs are not implemented, savings for the remaining EEMs will
be affected, in some cases positively, and in others, negatively. For
example, if the fan motors are not replaced with premium efficiency
motors, then the savings for the project to install variable speed drives
(VFDs) on the fans will be increased.
In general, all projects were evaluated sequentially so that energy
savings associated with one EEM would not be attributed to another
EEM as well. For example, the night setback EEM was analyzed
using the fan and heating load profile that will be achieved after
Koyuk Malimuit K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
19
installation of the VFD project is completed. By modeling the
recommended projects sequentially, the analysis accounts for
interactive effects between the EEMs and does not “double count”
savings.
Interior lighting, plug loads, facility equipment, and occupants
generate heat within the building. When the building is in cooling
mode, these contribute to the overall cooling demands of the
building; therefore lighting efficiency improvements will reduce
cooling requirements on air conditioned buildings. Conversely,
lighting efficiency improvements are anticipated to increase heating
requirements slightly. Heating penalties are included in the lighting
project analysis that is performed by AkWarm$C.
9. Loan Program: The Alaska Housing Finance Corporation (AHFC)
Alaska Energy Efficiency Revolving Loan Fund (AEERLF) is a State of
Alaska program enacted by the Alaska Sustainable Energy Act
(senate Bill 220, A.S. 18.56.855, “Energy Efficiency Revolving Loan
Fund). The AEERLF will provide loans for energy efficiency retrofits
to public facilities via the Retrofit Energy Assessment for Loan System
(REAL). As defined in 15 AAC 155.605, the program may finance
energy efficiency improvements to buildings owned by:
a. Regional educational attendance areas;
b. Municipal governments, including political subdivisions of
municipal governments;
c. The University of Alaska;
d. Political subdivisions of the State of Alaska, or
e. The State of Alaska
Native corporations, tribal entities, and subsidiaries of the federal
government are not eligible for loans under this program.
Koyuk Malimuit K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
20
Appendix A: Photos
Main Entrance and Gymnasium, view from the West
Main Entrance and Northwest Classrooms, view from the West
Koyuk Malimuit K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
21
Gymnasium, view from the North
Gymnasium and Shop, view from the Northeast
Koyuk Malimuit K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
22
Northeast Classrooms and Vocational Education, view from the East
South wall of Classrooms, view from the East
Koyuk Malimuit K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
23
South wall of Classrooms, view from the South
Koyuk Malimuit K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
24
Taped Windows
Open Windows
Koyuk Malimuit K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
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Typical Classroom
Koyuk Malimuit K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
26
Gymnasium, view from South corner
Gymnasium, view from West corner
Koyuk Malimuit K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
27
Kitchen cooking equipment under exhaust hood
Kitchen dish washing equipment
Koyuk Malimuit K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
28
Kitchen walk in refrigerator and freezer
Kitchen exhaust hood makeup air handler (AHU4)
Koyuk Malimuit K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
29
Typical Fan Room air handler (AHU3 shown)
Indirect Hot Water Heaters in Fan Room (five total)
Koyuk Malimuit K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
30
DDC “front end” work station in Fan Room
Utility Building, view from the South
Koyuk Malimuit K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
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Utility Building, view from the West (school visible to the left)
Utility Building with intermediate fuel oil storage tank, view from the
East (utilidor shown that connects heating pipes to school)
Koyuk Malimuit K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
32
Heating Boilers and Circulation Pumps in Utility Building
Koyuk Malimuit K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
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Koyuk Village, Ariel View Village Power Utility School
Koyuk Malimuit K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
34
Appendix B: AK Warm Energy Model
Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison
AkWarm Commercial Audit Software
Koyuk-Malemute School
Page 1
ENERGY AUDIT REPORT – PROJECT SUMMARY – Created 2/18/2012 3:14 PM
General Project Information
PROJECT INFORMATION AUDITOR INFORMATION
Building: Koyuk-Malemute School Auditor Company: RSA Engineering, Inc
Address: 09 Main Street Auditor Name: Adam Wilson
City: Koyuk Auditor Address: 2522 Arctic Blvd
Suite 200
Anchorage, AK 99503
Client Name: Richard Ried
Client Address: P.O. Box 225
Unalakleet, AK 99684
Auditor Phone: (907) 276-0521
Auditor FAX:
Client Phone: (907) 624-3611 Auditor Comment:
Client FAX:
Design Data
Building Area: 28,291 square feet Design Heating Load: Design Loss at Space: 1,953,300
Btu/hour
with Distribution Losses: 2,056,105 Btu/hour
Plant Input Rating assuming 82.0% Plant Efficiency and
25% Safety Margin: 3,134,307 Btu/hour
Note: Additional Capacity should be added for DHW load,
if served.
Typical Occupancy: 269 people Design Indoor Temperature: 72.9 deg F (building average)
Actual City: Koyuk Design Outdoor Temperature: -24.3 deg F
Weather/Fuel City: Koyuk Heating Degree Days: 13,943 deg F-days
Utility Information
Electric Utility: AVEC-Koyuk - Commercial - Lg Natural Gas Provider: None
Average Annual Cost/kWh: $0.450/kWh Average Annual Cost/ccf: $0.000/ccf
Annual Energy Cost Estimate
Description Space
Heating
Space
Cooling
Water
Heating Lighting Refrige
ration
Other
Electric
al
Cooking Clothes
Drying
Ventilatio
n Fans
Service
Fees Total Cost
Existing
Building
$199,47
5
$0 $32,760 $37,907 $7,929 $20,22
1
$8,660 $0 $8,118 $60 $315,131
With
Proposed
Retrofits
$159,76
2
$0 $32,153 $34,723 $6,108 $20,26
4
$8,681 $0 $7,743 $60 $269,493
SAVINGS $39,713 $0 $607 $3,184 $1,821 -$42 -$21 $0 $375 $0 $45,638
Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison
AkWarm Commercial Audit Software
Koyuk-Malemute School
Page 2
$0
$50,000
$100,000
$150,000
$200,000
$250,000
$300,000
$350,000
Existing Retrofit
Service Fees
Ventilation and Fans
Space Heating
Refrigeration
Other Electrical
Lighting
Domestic Hot Water
Cooking
Annual Energy Costs by End Use
$0
$50,000
$100,000
$150,000
$200,000
$250,000
$300,000
$350,000
Existing Retrofit
#2 Oil Electricity
Annual Energy Costs by Fuel
Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison
AkWarm Commercial Audit Software
Koyuk-Malemute School
Page 3
PRIORITY LIST – RECOMMENDED ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES
Rank Feature Recommendation Annual Energy
Savings
Installed
Cost
SIR Payback
(Years)
1 Setback Thermostat:
GYM 114
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the GYM 114 space.
$3,090 $10 4638.10 0
2 Setback Thermostat:
VOC/ED CLASSROOM
119
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the VOC/ED CLASSROOM
119 space.
$2,753 $10 4131.70 0
3 Refrigeration: Walk
in freezer
Add new Seasonal
Shutdown
$574 $1 3217.00 0
4 Setback Thermostat:
KITCHEN 102
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the KITCHEN 102 space.
$1,521 $10 2283.25 0
5 Setback Thermostat:
CLASSROOM 141
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the CLASSROOM 141
space.
$1,385 $10 2078.20 0
6 Setback Thermostat:
CLASSROOM 144
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the CLASSROOM 144
space.
$1,338 $10 2007.35 0
7 Setback Thermostat:
CLASSROOM 151
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the CLASSROOM 151
space.
$1,308 $10 1962.35 0
8 Setback Thermostat:
SHOP 118
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the SHOP 118 space.
$1,077 $10 1615.95 0
9 Setback Thermostat:
CLASSROOM 147
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the CLASSROOM 147
space.
$893 $10 1340.85 0
10 Setback Thermostat:
CLASSROOM 146
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the CLASSROOM 146
space.
$893 $10 1339.50 0
Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison
AkWarm Commercial Audit Software
Koyuk-Malemute School
Page 4
PRIORITY LIST – RECOMMENDED ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES
Rank Feature Recommendation Annual Energy
Savings
Installed
Cost
SIR Payback
(Years)
11 Setback Thermostat:
CLASSROOM 145
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the CLASSROOM 145
space.
$887 $10 1331.65 0
12 Setback Thermostat:
CLASSROOM 122
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the CLASSROOM 122
space.
$881 $10 1322.10 0
13 Refrigeration: Walk
in refrigerator
Add new Seasonal
Shutdown
$233 $1 1312.63 0
14 Setback Thermostat:
CLASSROOM 150
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the CLASSROOM 150
space.
$770 $10 1155.20 0
15 Setback Thermostat:
CLASSROOM 149
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the CLASSROOM 149
space.
$767 $10 1151.20 0
16 Setback Thermostat:
CLASSROOM 148
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the CLASSROOM 148
space.
$766 $10 1150.13 0
17 Setback Thermostat:
LOBBY 101
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the LOBBY 101 space.
$707 $10 1060.33 0
18 Setback Thermostat:
SKI/WAX 116
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the SKI/WAX 116 space.
$527 $10 790.18 0
19 Setback Thermostat:
RECEPTION 134
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the RECEPTION 134 space.
$509 $10 763.88 0
20 Setback Thermostat:
CLASSROOM 140
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the CLASSROOM 140
space.
$401 $10 601.80 0
Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison
AkWarm Commercial Audit Software
Koyuk-Malemute School
Page 5
PRIORITY LIST – RECOMMENDED ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES
Rank Feature Recommendation Annual Energy
Savings
Installed
Cost
SIR Payback
(Years)
21 Setback Thermostat:
OFFICE 138
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the OFFICE 138 space.
$259 $10 389.23 0
22 Refrigeration:
Refrigerator
Replace with Mobile
refrigerator in kitchen and
Add new Seasonal
Shutdown
$126 $2 360.13 0
23 Refrigeration:
Domestic
Refrigerator 2-door
Add new Seasonal
Shutdown
$56 $1 356.38 0
24 Setback Thermostat:
PANTRY 103
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the PANTRY 103 space.
$229 $10 342.95 0
25 Setback Thermostat:
OFFICE 142
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the OFFICE 142 space.
$201 $10 301.20 0
26 Setback Thermostat:
OFFICE 135
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the OFFICE 135 space.
$161 $10 241.25 0.1
27 Setback Thermostat:
F/CS ROOM 117
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the F/CS ROOM 117 space.
$155 $10 232.20 0.1
28 Refrigeration:
Domestic
Refrigerator
Add new Seasonal
Shutdown
$33 $1 213.88 0
29 Refrigeration: Short
Refrigerator
Add new Seasonal
Shutdown
$11 $1 71.38 0.1
30 Setback Thermostat:
HALL 132
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the HALL 132 space.
$47 $10 70.83 0.2
31 Ventilation Use CO2 sensors to
operate Gym and Voc Ed
AHUs. AHUs for these
spaces are operated
manually but are tied into
the building DDC system
and could be operated
using schedules and
sensors.
$7,830 $7,500 15.53 1
Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison
AkWarm Commercial Audit Software
Koyuk-Malemute School
Page 6
PRIORITY LIST – RECOMMENDED ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES
Rank Feature Recommendation Annual Energy
Savings
Installed
Cost
SIR Payback
(Years)
32 HVAC And DHW Change heat loop circ.
pumps to VFD, run
domestic hot water recirc.
pump on time clock or
temp. sensor
$11,988 $10,000 13.84 0.8
33 Lighting: Exterior
Wall Mount - K: GE
WM4T25SO
Replace with 5 LED 34W
Module StdElectronic
$1,871 $7,500 1.59 4
34 Lighting: Exterior
Street Light - D: GE
M2AC25-S0H1G-
MC32U
Replace with LED 80W
Module StdElectronic
$729 $3,000 1.55 4.1
35 Lighting: Exterior
Wall Mount - J:
EXCELINE
SAW73LXL1
Replace with 8 LED 34W
Module StdElectronic
$492 $12,000 0.26 24.4
36 Lighting: Exterior
Canopy - N:
SPAULDING HTI-CM-
S150-DP-120-DBZ
Replace with 3 LED 17W
Module StdElectronic
$172 $4,500 0.24 26.2
37 Refrigeration: Walk
in refrigerator
Replace with Walk in
refrigerator
$0 $1 0.00 Infinity
38 Refrigeration: Walk
in freezer
Replace with Walk in
freezer
$0 $1 0.00 Infinity
39 Refrigeration:
Domestic
Refrigerator
Replace with Domestic
Refrigerator
$0 $1 0.00 Infinity
40 Refrigeration:
Domestic
Refrigerator 2-door
Replace with Domestic
Refrigerator 2-door
$0 $1 0.00 Infinity
41 Refrigeration: Short
Refrigerator
Replace with Short
Refrigerator
$0 $1 0.00 Infinity
TOTAL $45,638 $44,752 13.51 1
Koyuk Malimuit K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
41
Appendix C: Existing Plans