HomeMy WebLinkAboutBSSD-KTS-RSA Brevig Mission School 2012-EERichard S. Armstrong, PE, LLC
Mechanical/Electrical Engineer
Comprehensive Energy Audit
of
Brevig Mission K12 School
Brevig Mission, Alaska
Project # BSSDKTSRSA01
Prepared for:
Bering Strait School District
Contact: Richard Ried, Maintenance Supervisor
Phone: 9076244249
Unalakleet, Alaska
April 11, 2012
Prepared by:
Richard S. Armstrong, PE, LLC
2321 Merrill Field Drive, C$6
Anchorage, AK 99501
and
RSA Engineering, Inc.
2422 Arctic Blvd., Suite 200
Anchorage, AK 99503
Brevig Mission K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Report Disclaimers 3
2. Executive Summary 4
3. Audit and Analysis Background 7
4. Acknowledgements 9
5. Building Description & Function 10
6. Historic Energy Consumption 13
7. Energy Efficiency Measures Considered or Recommended 13
8. Interactive Effects of Projects 17
9. Loan Program 17
Appendix A: Photos 19
Appendix B: AkWarm7C Report 31
Appendix C: Building Schedules and Plans 40
Performed by: ___________________________
Adam W. Wilson, PE, CEA
CEA # 1618
RSA Engineering, Inc.
Reviewed by: ___________________________
Richard Armstrong, PE, CEM
CEA #178, CEM # 13557
Brevig Mission K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
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1. REPORT DISCLAIMERS
This audit was performed using American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
(ARRA) funds, managed by the Alaska Housing Finance Corporation
(AHFC).
The information contained in this report, including any attachments, is
intended solely for use by the building owner and the AHFC. This report
contains recommendations that, in the opinion of the auditor, will cause the
owner to realize energy savings over time. All recommendations must be
designed by a registered engineer, licensed in the State of Alaska, in the
appropriate discipline. Lighting recommendations should all be first
reviewed by running a lighting analysis to assure that the recommended
lighting upgrades will comply with State of Alaska Statue as well as IES
recommendations.
Payback periods may well vary from those forecast due to the uncertainty
of the final installed design, configuration, equipment selected, and
installation costs of recommended Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs), or
the operating schedules and maintenance provided by the owner.
Furthermore, EEMs are typically interactive, so implementation of one
EEM may impact the cost savings from another EEM. Neither the auditor,
Richard S. Armstrong, PE, LLC, AHFC, or others involved in preparation of
this report will accept liability for financial loss due to EEMs that fail to
meet the forecasted payback periods.
This audit meets the criteria of an Investment Grade Audit (IGA) per the
Association of Energy Engineers definition, and is valid for one year. The
life of the IGA may be extended on a case$by$case basis, at the discretion
of the AHFC.
IGSs are the property of the State, and may be incorporated into AkWarm$
C, the Alaska Energy Data Inventory (ARIS), or other state and/or public
information system. AkWarm$C is a building energy modeling software
developed under contract with AHFC.
Brevig Mission K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
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Investment Grade Energy Audit
Brevig Mission K12 School
2. Executive Summary:
The Brevig Mission K$12 School was originally constructed in 1979.
It received an addition and renovation in 2005, and was further
renovated in 2006. It is owned and operated by the Bering Strait
School District (BSSD). Benchmark energy use data collected for
this building is presented in Table 1 below:
Table 1
2009 2009 2010 2010
Utility Consumption Cost/Year Consumption Cost/Year
Electricity$kWh 239,172 $122,085 238,720 $102,989
No. 2 Fuel Oil $
Gallons
20,045 $ 78,308 22,113 $ 67,331
Ttl Energy Costs $200,393 $107,320
A benchmark measure of energy use relative to other similar function
buildings in the area is the Energy Use Index (EUI), which takes the
total annual energy used by the facility divided by the square footage
area of the building, for a value expressed in terms of kBTU/SF.
This number can then be compared to other buildings to see if it is
about average, higher or lower than similar buildings in the area.
Likewise, the Energy Cost Index (ECI) is the cost of all energy used
by the building expressed in $/SF of building area. The comparative
values for the subject building are listed in Table 2 below:
Table 2
Brevig Mission
K$12 School
Teller James C.
Isabell K$12
School (neigh$
boring village)
Average for
All BSSD
Schools
Energy Use Index (EUI)
kBTU/SF Avg 2009, 2010
139.5 152.2 125.3
Energy Cost Index (ECI)
Average 2009, 2010
$7.19 $8.91 $6.73
Various Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs) have been analyzed for
this building to determine if they would be applicable for energy
savings with reasonably good payback periods. Those EEMs that
Brevig Mission K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
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have a payback period or those that are recommended for code
compliance, life cycle replacement, or other reasons are also
included.
Specific EEMs recommended for this facility are detailed in the
attached AkWarm Energy Audit Report along with specific payback
times, as well as estimated installation costs and estimated energy
savings. The higher priority items are summarized below:
a. Air Handler Controls
i. Air Handler Schedules and Controls: The air handling
units (AHUs) are operated using a direct digital control
(DDC) system. However maintenance personnel on
site explained that the monitored values they see
using the on4site computer is different than the remote
monitoring computer in Unalakleet. It is
recommended that the control installer visit the site
and “recalibrate” the system. As part of this
recalibration it is recommended that the AHU
schedules be updated to reflect the actual building
use as it is suspected that the current schedules are
not sufficient.
ii. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Monitoring: CO2 sensors can
be utilized to help reduce the amount of outside air
drawn into the building. Rather than supply a set
minimum amount of outside air during AHU operation
(15% of total AHU air volume, for example) the
outside air can be varied to maintain the CO2 levels
below a determined set point, typically 750 parts per
million for schools. This often results in less outside
air being drawn into the building, which reduces the
amount of energy needed to heat the air.
iii. The above changes to AHU control will provide an
estimated 6% annual energy savings with an
expected payback of approximately 1.2 years.
b. Pumps
i. The main constant volume heating circulations pumps
for the school can be changed out for variable speed
Brevig Mission K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
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pumps. The pumps can run at lower speeds when the
school has a low heating demand, which will save
power and reduce cost. The primary circulation pump
can also be turned off when there is no call for
heating, rather than run continuously as it currently
does.
ii. The constant duty domestic water recirculation pumps
can be replaced with pumps that run on time clocks
and only operate during hours that they are needed.
iii. The pump changes will provide about 2$5% energy
savings for the building with a payback of about 7
years.
c. Install Programmable Thermostats: Non$programmable
thermostats in occupied spaces in the building can be
replaced with programmable thermostats to allow for
automatically reducing space temperatures when they are
unoccupied. Recommended set points are 68$72 deg. F
during occupancy and 60 deg. F when unoccupied. This
will provide an energy savings of about 5% with an
expected payback of less than a year.
In addition to EEMs, various Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs)
are recommended that were not part of the energy audit model.
Some involve a modest capital investment. Others are policies or
procedures that are followed by management and employees that
require no capital outlay. Examples of recommended ECMs for this
facility include:
1. Consider replacing Use infrared automatic lavatory faucets
and water closet flush valves in all restrooms.
2. If automatic flushing is not desired then install water closet
flushometer valves for dual level flushing.
3. Turn off computers, monitors, printers, faxes, coffee
makers, etc when leaving the office for the day. Turn off
computers, monitors, printers, faxes, coffee makers, etc.,
when leaving for the day. These devices can also be
plugged into power strips equipped with occupancy sensors
so they will automatically turn off when the building is not in
use.
Brevig Mission K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
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4. Provide occupancy sensors for unoccupied spaces such as
bathrooms, storage spaces and utility rooms. The payback
for this change may never be realized but the retrofit serves
to ensure that unseen lighting is not accidentally left on for
long periods of time such as summer break.
5. Disconnect refrigeration equipment over the summer,
including walk$in units and residential style refrigerators
throughout the building. This will save approximately
$1,460/year.
The priority recommendations in the detailed report are estimated to
save $26,713/year, with an installed cost of $48,604, for a 1.8 year
payback. This does not include design or CA services, but overall it
does indicate a cost effective energy savings program.
3. Audit and Analysis Background:
a. Program Description: This audit included services to identify,
develop, and evaluate energy efficiency measures at the
subject building. The scope of this project included evaluating
the building shell, lighting, other electrical systems, and
heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment.
Measures were selected such that an overall simple payback
period of 8 years or less could be achieved.
b. Audit Description and Methodology: Preliminary audit
information was gathered in preparation for the site survey,
including benchmark utility consumption data, floor and lighting
plans, and equipment schedules where available. A site visit
was performed to inventory and evaluate the actual building
condition, including:
i. Building envelope (roof, windows, etc)
ii. Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning
iii. Lighting systems and controls
iv. Building specific equipment
v. Plumbing systems
c. Method of Analysis: The information gathered prior to the site
visit and at the site visit is entered into AkWarm$C, an energy
Brevig Mission K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
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modeling developed for Alaska Housing Finance Corporation
(AHFC) specifically to identify forecasted energy consumption
which can be compared to actual energy consumption.
AkWarm$C also has some pre$programmed EEM retrofit
options that can be analyzed with energy savings forecasted
based on occupancy schedules, utility rates, building
construction type, building function, existing conditions, and
climatic data that is already uploaded to the program based on
the zip code of the building. When new equipment is
proposed, energy consumption is calculated based on
manufacturer’s cataloged information.
Cost savings are calculated based on the historical energy
costs for the building. Installation costs include labor and
equipment to estimate the full up$front investment required to
implement a change, but design and construction management
costs are excluded. Costs are derived from Means Cost Data,
industry publications, experience of the auditor, local
contractors and equipment suppliers. Maintenance savings
are calculated were applicable and are added to the energy
savings for each EEM.
The cost and savings are applied and a simple payback and
simple return on investment (ROI) is calculated. The simple
payback is based on the number of years that it takes for the
savings to pay back the net installation cost (Net Installation
divided by Net Savings.)
A simple life$time calculation is shown for each EEM. The life$
time for each EEM is estimated based on the typical life of the
equipment being replaced or altered. The energy savings is
extrapolated throughout the life$time of the EEM. The total
energy savings is calculated as the total life$time multiplied by
the yearly savings.
d. Limitations of the Study: All results are dependent on the
quality of input data provided, and can only act as an
approximation. In some instances, several methods may
achieve the identified savings. This report is not intended as a
Brevig Mission K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
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final design document. A design professional, licensed to
practice in Alaska and in the appropriate discipline, who is
following the recommendations, shall accept full responsibility
and liability for the results. Budgetary estimates for
engineering and design of these projects in not included in the
cost estimate for each measure, but these costs generally run
around 15% of the cost of the work.
4. Acknowledgements: We wish to acknowledge the help of numerous
individuals who have contributed information that was used to prepare
this report, including:
a. Alaska Housing Finance Corporation (Grantor): AHFC
provided the grant funds, contracting agreements, guidelines,
and technical direction for providing the audits. AHFC
reviewed and approved the final short list of buildings to be
audited based on the recommendation of the Technical
Service Provider (TSP).
b. Bering Strait School District (Owner): The BSSD provided
building access, original construction plans, two years energy
billing data, building schedules and functions, as well as other
resources needed to perform the audit.
c. Central Alaska Engineering Company (Benchmark TSP):
Central Alaska Engineering Company compiled the data
received from the BSSD and entered that data into the
statewide building database, called the Alaska Retrofit
Information System (ARIS).
d. Richard S. Armstrong, PE, LLC (Audit TSP): This is the
TSP who was awarded the projects in the Arctic Slope
Regional Corporation, Bering Strait area, and the Nana area.
The firm gathered all relevant benchmark information provided
to them, cataloged which buildings would have the greatest
potential payback, and prioritized buildings to be audited based
on numerous factors, including the Energy Use Index (EUI),
the Energy Cost Index (ECI), the age of the building, the size
of the building, the location of the building, the function of the
Brevig Mission K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
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building, and the availability of plans for the building. They
also trained their selected sub$contracted auditors, assigned
auditors to the selected buildings, and performed quality
control reviews of the resulting audits. They prepared a listing
of potential EEMs that each auditor must consider, as well as
the potential EEMs that the individual auditor may notice in the
course of his audit. Richard S. Armstrong, PE, LLC also
performed some of the audits to assure current knowledge of
existing conditions.
5. Building Description and Function: The subject structure is called
the Brevig Mission School. The original school was built in 1979. In
2005 an addition was added to the north portion of the school, nearly
doubling the square footage, and providing new classrooms, locker
rooms, library, commercial kitchen, dining hall, and mechanical
equipment room. Some portions of the existing school were
renovated at that time and a separate mechanical building was
constructed for the heating plant and back$up electric generator. In
2006 the old portion of the school, and some portions of the new,
were remodeled to improve the functionality of the spaces and provide
a consistent, updated appearance throughout. The building serves as
a kindergarten through twelfth grade (K$12) educational facility, which
includes classrooms, administrative offices, a commercial kitchen, a
dining hall, a gymnasium, locker rooms, restrooms, and multiple
storage and utility spaces. The building is a one story structure with
two enclosed mechanical mezzanines $ one above the locker rooms
and another above the administrative area. The entire school is on
raised piles with about 3$feet of space between the bottom of the
building and the surface of the ground. The building roof is
constructed of joist with sheathing on top and bottom, metal roofing on
the exterior, and batt insulation in between joists. The roof system is
also vented creating a cold roof. The older portions of the building
have a roof insulation value of about R$50 while the new portions are
R$56. The new construction exterior walls are 2x12 studs with
sheathing inside and out, metal siding on the exterior and batt
insulation between studs. The older construction exterior walls are
2x6 studs with sheathing inside and out, metal siding on the exterior
and batt insulation between studs. The respective insulation values of
the walls are approximately R$28 and R$17.5. The entire underside of
Brevig Mission K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
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the building is exposed to the outside air since it is raised up on
pilings. It is constructed of joists with sheathing inside and out with
batt insulation between joist. The insulation value of the entire floor
assembly is about R$37.5. The building addition and overall
renovation is similar to many schools that have been built in Western
Alaska in the last 5 to 10 years. The older portions that were
remodeled are not as well insulated due to changes in design
practices since 1979. None the less the building is in very good
condition overall and appears to operate more or less as designed.
The building is occupied most of the year because summer school
takes place in the months of June and July.
a. Heating System: The school heating plant is in a detached
building located on the school property. Heat is delivered to the
school through an above grade arctic pipe that enters the
school building from the south. The building heating system
consists of three Weil$McLain 680 cast iron sectional boilers
with Carlin model 41000 single stage fuel oil burners. The
boilers provide heat to the school building only and were
installed when the mechanical building was constructed during
the 2005 school addition. Hot glycol is circulated around the
building using two Grundfos model UPS 50$240 3$speed
circulators, set at speed 2, each with a 2 HP motor. A third
pump is also installed as a back up in the event that one of the
two main pumps goes down. The primary pump runs
continuously, year round. The secondary pump is connected
to an outdoor air temperature sensor so it will only run when
the outside temperature drops to a set level (10 deg. F was the
set point in the design documents). The pumps are not
equipped with VFD drives, so they run at full speed when they
operate. Heat is distributed throughout the building using
baseboard radiant fin tube in most perimeter spaces, a cabinet
unit heater in the gymnasium, cabinet unit heaters in vestibule
entries, and supplemental heat through tempered ventilation
air.
b. Ventilation System: There are three air handlers in the
building as well as multiple exhaust and ventilation fans. AHU$
1 is the air handler that serves the north classrooms, dining
Brevig Mission K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
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area, kitchen, library and administrative spaces. AHU$2 serves
the gymnasium. AHU$3 serves the classrooms on the south
portion of the building. Exhaust fans are installed for the
kitchen cooking line exhaust hood, commercial dishwasher
hood, locker rooms, restrooms, and school store. SF$1, 2 and
3 are designed to provide cooing to various utility spaces.
Heating of ventilation (outside) air is a significant source of
energy consumption for commercial buildings. State of Alaska
design codes mandate that certain quantities of ventilation air
must be provided. However, there are devices and strategies
that can be employed to regulate the introduction of ventilation
air so energy is not wasted, such as demand control ventilation
based on CO2 concentration.
c. Plumbing System: Water is provided from the village utility
and there is not any on$site storage. Fixtures include water
closets, lavatories, single head showers, classroom sinks, mop
sinks, and large sinks for cooking. Most fixtures are located in
bathrooms, locker rooms, custodial closets and the commercial
kitchen. Classrooms for the younger elementary school
children have adjoining water closets and lavatories as well as
sinks in the classroom.
d. Domestic Hot Water: How water is generated using three
indirect water heaters. Two have holding capacities of 120
gallons each, with one serving the north side plumbing fixtures
and the second serving the kitchen. The third serves the
plumbing fixtures in the south portion of the building. No
additional hot water storage is provided. There are two hot
water recirculation pumps that run constantly to provide instant
hot water to remote fixtures.
e. Lighting: Typical lighting used throughout occupied spaces in
the building is provided with T$8 fluorescent fixtures using
electronic ballasts and controlled with occupancy sensors.
Most occupied rooms also have two toggle switches for two
levels of lighting with minimum lighting levels at 30$50%
depending on 3$ or 4$lamp fixtures. Occupancy sensors only
turn on one level of lighting where two levels exist. The
Brevig Mission K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
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gymnasium has high bay lighting fixtures with (5) 2$tube, plug$
in, compact fluorescent bulbs at 55 watts each. Gymnasium
lights are switched manually. Exterior lights are high pressure
sodium (HPS) fixtures and include wall packs and surface
canopy mounted both with 50 watt lamps. Exterior lights
operate using daylight sensors.
f. Fire Sprinkler: The building is equipped with a fire sprinkler
protection system throughout that is connected to the village
water supply.
6. Historic Energy Consumption: Energy consumption is modeled
within the AkWarm$C program. The program only analyzes 12
months of data, so where 24 months of data are available, the data is
averaged and input to AkWarm$C to provide more accuracy. The
energy consumption data is presented and graphed in the attached
AkWarm$C program results.
Based on the benchmark energy data for 2009 and 2010, the average
electric consumption for the building was 238,946kWh/year at an
average cost of $112,537/year. The average fuel oil consumption was
42,158 gallons/year, at an average annual cost of $72,820/year.
7. Energy Efficiency Measures Considered or Recommended: The
building was examined for application of a multitude of potential EEMs
that are discussed below. Those EEMs that appear to have an
application for the subject building are further analyzed for estimated
payback periods, either within the AkWarm$C program or separately
within this report. The accuracy of the cost estimates and paybacks
varies significantly due to a multitude of conditions, but is estimated to
be approximately +/$ 25%. Assumptions made regarding energy costs
and the life of the EEM, noting that post$construction measurement
and verification are based on energy savings, not energy cost
savings. Many of the selected EEMs are analyzed within the
AkWarm$C program using the schedules and estimated costs input
into the model.
a. Ventilation Control – Operation Schedules: The air
handling units (AHUs) serving the various school spaces were
Brevig Mission K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
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designed to function using a direct digital control (DDC) system
that operates the units using programmed schedules based
upon hours of occupancy of the spaces served. The
maintenance personnel on site provided information on the
schedules that are currently set for each air handler, which did
not sound like they matched the current occupancy use of the
building. The schedules should be set such that they match
the actual building use in order to provide the code required
rate of outside air delivery and refrain from running the air
handlers when they are not needed. It was also observed that
exhaust fan EF$3, which is supposed to operate in conjunction
with SF$2 to serve as a relief fan was running even when SF$2
was not. It is recommended that this be corrected in order to
save both electric and heating energy.
b. Ventilation Control Carbon Dioxide (CO 2) Monitoring:
The amount of CO2 in a building has been shown to have a
direct effect on the performance of the occupants in the
building. High levels of CO2 cause occupants to feel sleepy
and lose concentration. It is also an indication that other
indoor contaminants, such as volatile organic compounds
(VOCs), odors and excessive humidity are likely increasing in
concentration. For these reasons ventilation air is required by
code to refresh indoor building air. Typically the ventilation
rate is determined based on the number of occupants and
space sizes. In many cases this over$ventilates the space.
Another method of ventilating spaces is called demand control
ventilation, which entails varying the amount of outside air
supplied based on CO2 levels in the building. Sensors can be
placed in spaces throughout the building (preferred) or in the
return air duct at the AHUs, and the AHU outside air dampers
can be modulated to increase or decrease the outside air
delivered to the building. This modification applies specifically
AHU$2 and may also be appropriate for AHU$1 and AHU$3.
c. Programmable Setback Thermostats: Buildings that are
not continuously occupied do not require continuous heating
levels at 70 degrees, so they can be set back to 55 or 60
degrees F. This is typically done with relatively inexpensive
Brevig Mission K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
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programmable set$back thermostats or through DDC systems.
The building has a DDC system to operate the air handlers but
the cost of extending that system to cover space heating would
likely be cost prohibitive. Generally the cost of a
programmable thermostat, with installation, should not exceed
$250, with paybacks of less than one year in most cases.
d. VFD Heating Pumps: In most cases heating circulators are
designed for greater flow rates than is needed during normal
operation. Bypass valves are installed to allow the constant
volume of flow to continue even when a small amount of that
flow is providing heat. Energy is wasted circulating heated
glycol that is not needed. There are a number of pumps on
the market that have variable frequency drives (VFD), which
allow the speed of the motor to be adjusted to match the flow
rate demand. Pump affinity laws show that motor speed and
power have a cubic mathematical relationship to each other.
As the pump speed is reduced “X” RPM the power
consumption is reduced by X1/3 watts (or horsepower), showing
that a small change in pump speed has an amplified affect on
power input. Operating pumps at lower speeds when there is
lower flow demand significantly reduces power consumption. It
is recommended that the heating circulators be replaced with
VFD pumps so power savings can be realized.
e. Boiler Temperature Outdoor Air Reset: As the outside air
temperature varies building heat loss varies as well, losing
heat at a faster rate as the ambient temperature drops. Boiler
systems are typically sized to meet the heating demands of the
coldest expected temperatures. These extreme temperatures
may only occur for short durations in a given winter and will
vary in frequency and length year to year. Most cast iron
sectional boilers supply heating water at the same temperature
year$round. During periods of warmer weather in the heating
season high heating water supply temperatures may cause
space temperatures to overshoot set points because the hot
boiler water dumps heat into the building at a faster rate than
the building is losing it, leading to occupant discomfort. This
will also cause the boilers to cycle more often since it takes
Brevig Mission K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
16
less time to heat the returning water, putting unnecessary ware
on the boilers. A common way of handling this issue is to use
an outdoor reset controller to reduce the heating loop
temperature so that heat is transferred into the building closer
to the rate at which the building is losing heat. Outdoor reset
varies the boiler or heating loop water temperature based on
the ambient temperature – increasing the water temperature
when outdoor conditions are cold and decreasing water
temperature for warmer outdoor conditions. It was observed
on site that maintenance personnel were manually adjusting
the boiler temperature to give the same effect. In order to
maintain tighter control and prevent issues such as setting the
boiler temperature too low (causing the boiler to condense or
providing inadequate heating water temperatures for the hot
water generators), or forgetting to reset the boiler temperature,
it is recommended that a controller be installed that will
perform the outdoor reset automatically. There is not a
provision for simulating this in the AkWarm$C program so no
energy savings are considered here. However it is
recommended that a licensed professional engineer perform
the design for installation of this controller at which time an
energy savings analysis could be performed.
f. Fuel Oil Metering: It is recommended that fuel oil meters be
installed to track the amount of fuel used by the boilers and
electric generator. The only methods currently used on site for
tracking fuel usage are recording the amount of fuel put into
bulk fuel storage tanks when they are refilled and maintenance
personnel manually recording the fuel levels in the tanks.
Neither method is able to provide precise information nor does
it give a detailed picture of the rate at which fuel is used.
Installing a fuel oil meter on the boiler fuel line, and another
one on the generator fuel line will show the exact amount of
fuel consumed and how quickly. This information can be tied
into the building DDC system and saved as trend log data,
and/or the meter can have an analog dial for visual inspection.
AMCO and other companies manufacture meters that meet
these requirements.
Brevig Mission K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
17
8. Interactive Effects of Projects: The AkWarm$C program calculates
savings assuming that all recommended EEM are implemented. If
some EEMs are not implemented, savings for the remaining EEMs will
be affected, in some cases positively, and in others, negatively. For
example, if the fan motors are not replaced with premium efficiency
motors, then the savings for the project to install variable speed drives
(VFDs) on the fans will be increased.
In general, all projects were evaluated sequentially so that energy
savings associated with one EEM would not be attributed to another
EEM as well. For example, the night setback EEM was analyzed
using the fan and heating load profile that will be achieved after
installation of the VFD project is completed. By modeling the
recommended projects sequentially, the analysis accounts for
interactive effects between the EEMs and does not “double count”
savings.
Interior lighting, plug loads, facility equipment, and occupants
generate heat within the building. When the building is in cooling
mode, these contribute to the overall cooling demands of the
building; therefore lighting efficiency improvements will reduce
cooling requirements on air conditioned buildings. Conversely,
lighting efficiency improvements are anticipated to increase heating
requirements slightly. Heating penalties are included in the lighting
project analysis that is performed by AkWarm$C.
9. Loan Program: The Alaska Housing Finance Corporation (AHFC)
Alaska Energy Efficiency Revolving Loan Fund (AEERLF) is a State of
Alaska program enacted by the Alaska Sustainable Energy Act
(senate Bill 220, A.S. 18.56.855, “Energy Efficiency Revolving Loan
Fund). The AEERLF will provide loans for energy efficiency retrofits
to public facilities via the Retrofit Energy Assessment for Loan System
(REAL). As defined in 15 AAC 155.605, the program may finance
energy efficiency improvements to buildings owned by:
a. Regional educational attendance areas;
b. Municipal governments, including political subdivisions of
municipal governments;
c. The University of Alaska;
Brevig Mission K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
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d. Political subdivisions of the State of Alaska, or
e. The State of Alaska
Native corporations, tribal entities, and subsidiaries of the federal
government are not eligible for loans under this program.
Brevig Mission K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
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Appendix A: Photos
Main Entrance, Library, Classrooms, Partial East Elevation
Main Entrance Ramp, Administrative Area, Partial East Elevation
Brevig Mission K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
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Admin. Area, Kindergarten, Mech. Bldg., Partial South Elevation
Classrooms, Mech. Bldg. Connection, Partial South Elevation
Brevig Mission K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
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Classrooms, Fan Room Hoods, West Entrances, Partial West Elev.
Classrooms, Fan Room Hoods, West Entrance, Partial West Elev.
Brevig Mission K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
22
Classrooms, North Entrance, North Elevation
Gymnasium
Brevig Mission K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
23
Typical Classrooms
Brevig Mission K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
24
Kitchen cooking equipment under exhaust hood
Kitchen dish washing equipment
Brevig Mission K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
25
Kitchen walkin refrigerator and freezer
Walkin Refrigerator/Freezer Condensers (North Fan Room 207)
Brevig Mission K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
26
Air Handler (AHU1, North Fan Room 207)
Indirect Hot Water Heater (Typical of two, North Fan Room 207)
Brevig Mission K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
27
DDC Controls (North Fan Room 207)
DDC Controls (South Fan Room 204, 205)
Brevig Mission K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
28
Air Handler (Typical AHU2 & AHU3, South Fan Room 204, 205)
Mechanical Building and fuel storage tank, East Elevation (Arctic
carrier pipe to school on the right above grade)
Brevig Mission K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
29
Mechanical Building, South Elevation
Mechanical Building, West Elevation (School building to the left)
Brevig Mission K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
30
Heating Boilers in Mechanical Building (Typical of three)
Heating Circulation Pumps
Brevig Mission K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
31
Appendix B: AK Warm Energy Model
Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison
AkWarm Commercial Audit Software
Brevig Mission K-12 School
Page 1
ENERGY AUDIT REPORT – PROJECT SUMMARY – Created 4/12/2012 2:27 PM
General Project Information
PROJECT INFORMATION AUDITOR INFORMATION
Building: Brevig Mission K-12 School Auditor Company: RSA Engineering, Inc.
Address: 1998 Bayside Blvd. Auditor Name: Adam Wilson
City: Brevig Mission Auditor Address: 2522 Arctic Blvd
Suite 200
Anchorage, AK 99503
Client Name: Richard Ried
Client Address: P.O. Box 225
Unalakleet, AK 99684
Auditor Phone: (907) 276-0521
Auditor FAX: (907) 276-1751
Client Phone: (907) 624-3611 Auditor Comment:
Client FAX: ( ) -
Design Data
Building Area: 25,396 square feet Design Heating Load: Design Loss at Space: 833,267
Btu/hour
with Distribution Losses: 833,267 Btu/hour
Plant Input Rating assuming 82.0% Plant Efficiency and
25% Safety Margin: 1,270,223 Btu/hour
Note: Additional Capacity should be added for DHW load,
if served.
Typical Occupancy: 175 people Design Indoor Temperature: 71.8 deg F (building average)
Actual City: Brevig Mission Design Outdoor Temperature: -28 deg F
Weather/Fuel City: Brevig Mission Heating Degree Days: 14,138 deg F-days
Utility Information
Electric Utility: AVEC-Brevig Mission - Commercial - Lg Natural Gas Provider: None
Average Annual Cost/kWh: $0.446/kWh Average Annual Cost/ccf: $0.000/ccf
Annual Energy Cost Estimate
Description Space
Heating
Space
Cooling
Water
Heating Lighting Refrige
ration
Other
Electric
al
Cooking Clothes
Drying
Ventilatio
n Fans
Service
Fees Total Cost
Existing
Building
$71,604 $0 $9,322 $26,708 $6,202 $22,99
8
$8,034 $0 $36,180 $60 $181,109
With
Proposed
Retrofits
$47,120 $0 $9,230 $26,725 $4,734 $23,01
0
$8,038 $0 $35,478 $60 $154,396
SAVINGS $24,484 $0 $92 -$17 $1,469 -$12 -$4 $0 $702 $0 $26,713
Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison
AkWarm Commercial Audit Software
Brevig Mission K-12 School
Page 2
$0
$50,000
$100,000
$150,000
$200,000
Existing Retrofit
Service Fees
Ventilation and Fans
Space Heating
Refrigeration
Other Electrical
Lighting
Domestic Hot Water
Cooking
Annual Energy Costs by End Use
$0
$50,000
$100,000
$150,000
$200,000
Existing Retrofit
#2 Oil Electricity
Annual Energy Costs by Fuel
Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison
AkWarm Commercial Audit Software
Brevig Mission K-12 School
Page 3
PRIORITY LIST – RECOMMENDED ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES
Rank Feature Recommendation Annual Energy
Savings
Installed
Cost
SIR Payback
(Years)
1 Refrigeration: Kolpak
Walk-in
Refrig/Freezer
Add new Seasonal
Shutdown
$1,328 $1 8217.50 0
2 Refrigeration:
Domestic
Refrigerator/Freezer
Add new Seasonal
Shutdown
$66 $1 410.75 0
3 Refrigeration:
Domestic
Refrig/Freezer 2-
Door
Add new Seasonal
Shutdown
$55 $1 342.50 0
4 Refrigeration: Short
Refrigerator
Add new Seasonal
Shutdown
$11 $1 68.38 0.1
5 Setback Thermostat:
Intermediate
Classroom 135
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the Intermediate
Classroom 135 space.
$869 $200 58.99 0.2
6 Setback Thermostat:
Kindergarten
Classroom 121
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the Kindergarten
Classroom 121 space.
$859 $200 58.30 0.2
7 Setback Thermostat:
Classroom 155
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the Classroom 155 space.
$775 $200 52.62 0.3
8 Setback Thermostat:
Science Classroom
151
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the Science Classroom 151
space.
$739 $200 50.20 0.3
9 Setback Thermostat:
Intermediate
Classroom 137
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the Intermediate
Classroom 137 space.
$710 $200 48.20 0.3
10 Setback Thermostat:
Library 177
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the Library 177 space.
$666 $200 45.24 0.3
11 Setback Thermostat:
Middle School
Classroom 153
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the Middle School
Classroom 153 space.
$663 $200 44.99 0.3
Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison
AkWarm Commercial Audit Software
Brevig Mission K-12 School
Page 4
PRIORITY LIST – RECOMMENDED ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES
Rank Feature Recommendation Annual Energy
Savings
Installed
Cost
SIR Payback
(Years)
12 Setback Thermostat:
Primary Classroom
134
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the Primary Classroom 134
space.
$538 $200 36.53 0.4
13 Setback Thermostat:
Video Conference
149
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the Video Conference 149
space.
$525 $200 35.67 0.4
14 Setback Thermostat:
Primary Classroom
132
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the Primary Classroom 132
space.
$480 $200 32.58 0.4
15 Setback Thermostat:
Teachers Work
Room 112
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the Teachers Work Room
112 space.
$404 $200 27.43 0.5
16 Setback Thermostat:
Conference Room
111
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the Conference Room 111
space.
$403 $200 27.36 0.5
17 Setback Thermostat:
Special Education
162
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the Special Education 162
space.
$381 $200 25.89 0.5
18 Setback Thermostat:
Principal 105
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the Principal 105 space.
$272 $200 18.50 0.7
19 Setback Thermostat:
Counselor 128
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the Counselor 128 space.
$203 $200 13.78 1
20 Setback Thermostat:
SFA 106
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the SFA 106 space.
$195 $200 13.22 1
Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison
AkWarm Commercial Audit Software
Brevig Mission K-12 School
Page 5
PRIORITY LIST – RECOMMENDED ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES
Rank Feature Recommendation Annual Energy
Savings
Installed
Cost
SIR Payback
(Years)
21 Ventilation Provide CO2 sensor on
AHUs to reduce the
amount of outside air
needed (assume 25%
reduction for AHU-1 and 3,
and 50% reduction for
AHU-2), Fix controls on EF-
3 to operate only when SF-
2 operates (assume 75%
reduction in operation
time).
$12,130 $15,000 10.89 1.2
22 Setback Thermostat:
Gymnasium 138
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the Gymnasium 138 space.
$119 $200 8.07 1.7
23 Setback Thermostat:
Corridor 102
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the Corridor 102 space.
$47 $200 3.16 4.3
24 HVAC And DHW Change heat loop circ.
pumps to VFD, run
domestic hot water recirc.
pump on time clock or
temp. sensor
$4,275 $30,000 1.96 7
TOTAL $26,713 $48,604 7.23 1.8
ENERGY AUDIT REPORT – ENERGY EFFICIENT RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Building Envelope
Insulation
Rank Location Existing Type/R9Value Recommendation Type/R9
Value
Installed
Cost
Annual
Energy
Savings
Exterior Doors – Replacement
Rank Location Size/Type/Condition Recommendation Installed
Cost
Annual
Energy
Savings
Windows and Glass Doors – Replacement
Rank Location Size/Type/Condition Recommendation Installed
Cost
Annual
Energy
Savings
Air Leakage
Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison
AkWarm Commercial Audit Software
Brevig Mission K-12 School
Page 6
Rank Location Estimated Air Leakage Recommended Air Leakage
Target
Installed
Cost
Annual
Energy
Savings
2. Mechanical Equipment
Mechanical
Rank Recommendation Installed
Cost
Annual
Energy
Savings
24 Change heat loop circ. pumps to VFD, run domestic hot water recirc. pump on time
clock or temp. sensor
$30,000 $4,275
Setback Thermostat
Rank Location Size/Type/Condition Recommendation Installed
Cost
Annual
Energy
Savings
5 Intermediate
Classroom 135
Existing Unoccupied Heating
Setpoint: 72.0 deg F
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the Intermediate
Classroom 135 space.
$200 $869
6 Kindergarten
Classroom 121
Existing Unoccupied Heating
Setpoint: 72.0 deg F
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the Kindergarten
Classroom 121 space.
$200 $859
7 Classroom 155 Existing Unoccupied Heating
Setpoint: 72.0 deg F
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the Classroom 155 space.
$200 $775
8 Science Classroom
151
Existing Unoccupied Heating
Setpoint: 72.0 deg F
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the Science Classroom 151
space.
$200 $739
9 Intermediate
Classroom 137
Existing Unoccupied Heating
Setpoint: 72.0 deg F
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the Intermediate
Classroom 137 space.
$200 $710
10 Library 177 Existing Unoccupied Heating
Setpoint: 72.0 deg F
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the Library 177 space.
$200 $666
11 Middle School
Classroom 153
Existing Unoccupied Heating
Setpoint: 72.0 deg F
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the Middle School
Classroom 153 space.
$200 $663
Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison
AkWarm Commercial Audit Software
Brevig Mission K-12 School
Page 7
12 Primary Classroom
134
Existing Unoccupied Heating
Setpoint: 72.0 deg F
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the Primary Classroom 134
space.
$200 $538
13 Video Conference
149
Existing Unoccupied Heating
Setpoint: 72.0 deg F
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the Video Conference 149
space.
$200 $525
14 Primary Classroom
132
Existing Unoccupied Heating
Setpoint: 72.0 deg F
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the Primary Classroom 132
space.
$200 $480
15 Teachers Work
Room 112
Existing Unoccupied Heating
Setpoint: 72.0 deg F
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the Teachers Work Room
112 space.
$200 $404
16 Conference Room
111
Existing Unoccupied Heating
Setpoint: 72.0 deg F
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the Conference Room 111
space.
$200 $403
17 Special Education
162
Existing Unoccupied Heating
Setpoint: 72.0 deg F
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the Special Education 162
space.
$200 $381
18 Principal 105 Existing Unoccupied Heating
Setpoint: 72.0 deg F
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the Principal 105 space.
$200 $272
19 Counselor 128 Existing Unoccupied Heating
Setpoint: 72.0 deg F
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the Counselor 128 space.
$200 $203
20 SFA 106 Existing Unoccupied Heating
Setpoint: 72.0 deg F
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the SFA 106 space.
$200 $195
22 Gymnasium 138 Existing Unoccupied Heating
Setpoint: 72.0 deg F
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the Gymnasium 138 space.
$200 $119
Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison
AkWarm Commercial Audit Software
Brevig Mission K-12 School
Page 8
23 Corridor 102 Existing Unoccupied Heating
Setpoint: 72.0 deg F
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for
the Corridor 102 space.
$200 $47
Ventilation
Rank Recommendation Cost Annual
Energy
Savings
21 Provide CO2 sensor on AHUs to reduce the amount of outside air needed (assume
25% reduction for AHU-1 and 3, and 50% reduction for AHU-2), Fix controls on EF-3
to operate only when SF-2 operates (assume 75% reduction in operation time).
$15,000 $12,130
3. Appliances and Lighting
Lighting Fixtures and Controls
Rank Location Existing Recommended Installed
Cost
Annual
Energy
Savings
Refrigeration
Rank Location Existing Recommended Installed
Cost
Annual
Energy
Savings
1 Kolpak Walk-in
Refrig/Freezer
Walk-in Refrigertor/Freezer Add new Seasonal
Shutdown
$1 $1,328
2 Domestic
Refrigerator/Freeze
r
2 Domestic
Refrigerator/Freezer
Add new Seasonal
Shutdown
$1 $66
3 Domestic
Refrig/Freezer 2-
Door
Domestic Refrig/Freezer 2-Door Add new Seasonal
Shutdown
$1 $55
4 Short Refrigerator Short Refrigerator Add new Seasonal
Shutdown
$1 $11
Other Electrical Equipment
Rank Location Existing Recommended Installed
Cost
Annual
Energy
Savings
Cooking/Clothes Drying
Rank Recommended Installed
Cost
Annual
Energy
Savings
------------------------------------------
AkWarmCalc Ver 2.1.4.2, Energy Lib 3/1/2012
Brevig Mission K-12 School Comprehensive Energy Audit
40
Appendix C: Existing Plans