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CIRI-SXQ-CAEC KPBSD Sterling Elementary 2012-EE
Sterling Elementary School 35096 Sterling Hwy Sterling, Alaska 99672 AkWarm ID No. CIRI-SXQ-CAEC-03 Submitted by: Central Alaska Engineering Company Contact: Jerry P. Herring, P.E., C.E.A. 32215 Lakefront Drive Soldotna, Alaska 99669 Phone (907) 260-5311 akengineer@starband.net June 30, 2012 CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AkWarm ID No. CIRI‐SXQ‐CAEC‐03 PAGE i OF ii CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AkWarm ID No. CIRI‐SXQ‐CAEC‐03 PAGE ii OF ii This Investment Grade Audit (IGA) was performed using American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) funds, managed by Alaska Housing Finance Corporation (AHFC). IGA’s are the property of the State of Alaska, and may be incorporated into AkWarm-C, the Alaska Retrofit Information System (ARIS), or other state and/or public information systems. AkWarm-C is a building energy modeling software developed under contract by AHFC. This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy under Award Number DE- EE0000095. This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. This energy audit is intended to identify and recommend potential areas of energy savings, estimate the value of the savings and approximate the costs to implement the recommendations. Any modifications or changes made to a building to realize the savings must be designed and implemented by licensed, experienced professionals in their fields. Lighting recommendations should all be first analyzed through a thorough lighting analysis to assure that the recommended lighting upgrades will comply with State of Alaska Statute as well as Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) recommendations. Central Alaska Engineering Company bears no responsibility for work performed as a result of this report. Payback periods may vary from those forecasted due to the uncertainty of the final installed design, configuration, equipment selected, and installation costs of recommended Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs), or the operating schedules and maintenance provided by the owner. Furthermore, EEMs are typically interactive, so implementation of one EEM may impact the cost savings from another EEM. Neither the auditor, Central Alaska Engineering Company, AHFC, nor any other party involved in preparation of this report accepts liability for financial loss due to EEMs that fail to meet the forecasted payback periods. This energy audit meets the criteria of a Level 2 IGA per the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). The life of the IGA may be extended on a case- by-case basis, at the discretion of AHFC. CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AkWarm ID No. CIRI‐SXQ‐CAEC‐03 PAGE 1 OF 31 This report presents the findings of an investment grade energy audit conducted for: Kenai Peninsula Borough Contact: Kevin Lyon 47140 East Poppy Lane Soldotna, AK 99669 Email: klyon@borough.kenai.ak.us Alaska Housing Finance Corporation Contact: Rebekah Luhrs 4300 Boniface Parkway Anchorage, AK 99510 Email: rluhrs@ahfc.us This audit was performed using ARRA funds to promote the use of innovation and technology to solve energy and environmental problems in a way that improves the State’s economy. This can be achieved through the wiser and more efficient use of energy. The purpose of the energy audit is to identify cost-effective system and facility modifications, adjustments, alterations, additions and retrofits. Systems investigated during the audit included heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), interior and exterior lighting, motors, building envelope, and energy management control systems (EMCS). The July 2008 – June 2010 average annual utility costs at this facility are as follows: Electricity $ 41,693 Natural Gas $ 22,940 Total $ 64,633 Energy Utilization Index: 101.5 kBtu/sf Energy Cost Index: 1.91 $/sf The potential annual energy savings are shown on the following page in Table 1.1 which summarizes the Energy Efficiency Measures (EEM’s) analyzed for Sterling Elementary School. Listed are the estimates of the annual savings, installed cost, and two different financial measures of return on investment. Be aware that the measures are not cumulative because of the interrelation of several of the measures. The cost of each measure for this level of auditing is considered to be + 30% until further detailed engineering, specifications, and hard proposals are obtained. CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AkWarm ID No. CIRI‐SXQ‐CAEC‐03 PAGE 2 OF 31 Rank Feature Improvement Description Annual Energy Savings Installed Cost SIR* Payback (Years)** 1 Refrigeration: Freezer Add new Seasonal Shutdown $82 $1 1003.88 0.0 2 Refrigeration: Vending Machine Add new Seasonal Shutdown $422 $200 25.93 0.5 3 Lighting: Parking Lot Lights Replace with 20 LED 80W Module StdElectronic $5,302 $20,000 3.25 3.8 4 Lighting: Exterior 150W HPS Replace with 5 LED 50W Module StdElectronic and Add new Occupancy Sensor $223 $1,975 1.39 8.8 5 Lighting: Library Replace with 30 FLUOR (4) T8 8' F96T8 54W Energy-Saver (2) HighEfficElectronic and Add new Occupancy Sensor $727 $7,290 1.22 10.0 6 Lighting: New Classrooms Replace with 115 FLUOR (3) T8 4' F32T8 28W Energy-Saver Instant HighEfficElectronic and Add new Occupancy Sensor $1,200 $12,040 1.22 10.0 7 Setback Thermostat: Office Area Implement a Heating Temperature Unoccupied Setback to 60.0 deg F for the Office Area space. $68 $759 1.13 11.2 8 Setback Thermostat: Gym Implement a Heating Temperature Unoccupied Setback to 60.0 deg F for the Gym space. $428 $4,836 1.12 11.3 9 Setback Thermostat: Classrooms Implement a Heating Temperature Unoccupied Setback to 60.0 deg F for the Classrooms space. $1,413 $16,092 1.12 11.4 10 Lighting: 100W HPS Replace with 23 LED 35W Module StdElectronic and Add new Occupancy Sensor $820 $9,085 1.11 11.1 11 Lighting: Gym Lights Replace with 26 FLUOR (5) T5 45.2" F28T5 28W High Lumen (3050 L) (2) HighLight HighEfficElectronic and Add new Occupancy Sensor, Multi-Level Switch and Improve Manual Switching $1,480 $17,000 1.07 11.5 12 Lighting: Hallways/Offices Replace with 231 FLUOR (2) T8 4' F32T8 28W Energy-Saver Instant HighEfficElectronic and Add new Occupancy Sensor $1,623 $24,000 0.83 14.8 13 Lighting: 50W HPS Replace with 20 LED 17W Module StdElectronic and Add new Occupancy Sensor $359 $7,900 0.56 22.0 14 Ventilation Add variable speed DDC System to ventilators/boilers @ $4/sq.ft. Assumed that 60% of total cost is attributed to ventilation with new controls on louvers, new sensors, and better feedback to DDC for all ventilation systems. Assumes $500 per motor for premium efficiency motors with installation. $3,578 $85,829 0.52 24.0 CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AkWarm ID No. CIRI‐SXQ‐CAEC‐03 PAGE 3 OF 31 Rank Feature Improvement Description Annual Energy Savings Installed Cost SIR* Payback (Years)** 15 HVAC And DHW Replace existing natural gas furnaces with 95% efficient natural gas boilers with indirect- fired water heaters. Estimated $42,000 for new boilers, new indirect-fired water heater, and new classroom unit ventilators system. Add variable speed DDC System to ventilators/boilers @ $4/sq.ft. Assumed that 20% of total cost is attributed to heating with new controls on louvers, new sensors, and better feedback to DDC. Assumes $500 per premium efficiency pump upgrade with installation. $2,549 $81,287 0.49 31.9 16 Exterior Remove existing door and install standard pre-hung U-0.16 insulated door, including hardware. $68 $3,904 0.39 57.4 17 On- or Below-Grade Floor, Perimeter: Section 2 Install 2' of R-10 rigid board insulation around perimeter of Slab (vertical or horizontal). $5 $282 0.35 62.6 18 On- or Below-Grade Floor, Perimeter: Section 1 Install 2' of R-10 rigid board insulation around perimeter of Slab (vertical or horizontal). $42 $2,659 0.35 62.6 19 On- or Below-Grade Floor, Perimeter: Section 6 Install 2' of R-10 rigid board insulation around perimeter of Slab (vertical or horizontal). $30 $1,892 0.35 62.7 20 On- or Below-Grade Floor, Perimeter: Section 3 Install 2' of R-10 rigid board insulation around perimeter of Slab (vertical or horizontal). $28 $1,733 0.35 62.7 21 On- or Below-Grade Floor, Perimeter: Section 5 Install 2' of R-10 rigid board insulation around perimeter of Slab (vertical or horizontal). $26 $1,645 0.35 62.7 22 On- or Below-Grade Floor, Perimeter: Section 4 Install 2' of R-10 rigid board insulation around perimeter of Slab (vertical or horizontal). $16 $1,027 0.35 62.8 23 Window/Skylight: 1/4" NSFW Replace existing window with U- 0.30 vinyl window $329 $30,802 0.17 93.7 24 Window/Skylight: Vinyl SFW Replace existing window with U- 0.30 vinyl window $157 $16,013 0.16 102.2 25 Window/Skylight: 1/2" NSFW Replace existing window with U- 0.30 vinyl window $43 $4,849 0.14 112.4 26 Refrigeration: Freezer Replace with 2 Commercial Refrigerator/Freezer $45 $4,000 0.14 88.0 27 Lighting: Classroom Single Flourescent Replace with 24 FLUOR T8 4' F32T8 28W Energy-Saver Instant StdElectronic $27 $2,400 0.14 88.6 28 Window/Skylight: Storm Sash SFW Replace existing window with U- 0.30 vinyl window $33 $5,680 0.09 171.1 29 Exterior Door: Solid Doors Remove existing door and install standard pre-hung U-0.16 insulated door, including hardware. $23 $6,637 0.08 283.5 TOTAL, all measures $21,146 $371,818 0.74 17.6 CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AkWarm ID No. CIRI‐SXQ‐CAEC‐03 PAGE 4 OF 31 Table Notes: *Savings to Investment Ratio (SIR) is a life-cycle cost measure calculated by dividing the total savings over the life of a project (expressed in today’s dollars) by its investment costs. The SIR is an indication of the profitability of a measure; the higher the SIR, the more profitable the project. An SIR greater than 1.0 indicates a cost-effective project (i.e. more savings than cost). Remember that this profitability is based on the position of that Energy Efficiency Measure (EEM) in the overall list and assumes that the measures above it are implemented first. **Simple Payback (SP) is a measure of the length of time required for the savings from an EEM to payback the investment cost, not counting interest on the investment and any future changes in energy prices. It is calculated by dividing the investment cost by the expected first-year savings of the EEM. With all of these energy efficiency measures in place, the annual utility cost can be reduced by $21,146 per year, or 31.7% of the buildings’ total energy costs. These measures are estimated to cost $371,818, for an overall simple payback period of 17.6 years. If only the cost-effective measures are implemented (i.e. SIR > 1.0), the annual utility cost can be reduced by $12,164 per year, or 18.3% of the buildings’ total energy costs. These measures are estimated to cost $89,279, for an overall simple payback period of 7.3 years. Table 1.2 below is a breakdown of the annual energy cost across various energy end use types, such as Space Heating and Water Heating. The first row in the table shows the breakdown for the building as it is now. The second row shows the expected breakdown of energy cost for the building assuming all of the retrofits in this report are implemented. Finally, the last row shows the annual energy savings that will be achieved from the retrofits. Description Space Heating Water Heating Lighting Other Electrical Cooking Clothes Drying Ventilation Fans Refrigeration Total Cost Existing Building $24,176 $3,873 $22,129 $9,850 $929 $37 $3,189 $2,425 $66,608 With All Proposed Retrofits $17,823 $2,583 $10,368 $9,850 $929 $37 $1,998 $1,875 $45,462 SAVINGS $6,354 $1,290 $11,761 $0 $0 $0 $1,191 $550 $21,146 CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AkWarm ID No. CIRI‐SXQ‐CAEC‐03 PAGE 5 OF 31 This comprehensive energy audit covers the 33,887 square foot Sterling Elementary School that includes classrooms, locker rooms, restrooms, administrative offices, a library, and a gymnasium Utility information was collected and analyzed for two years of energy use by the building. This information was used to analyze operational characteristics, calculate energy benchmarks for comparison to industry averages, estimate savings potential and establish a baseline to monitor the effectiveness of implemented measures. An excel spreadsheet was used to enter, sum, and calculate benchmarks and to graph energy use information (refer to Appendix A for the Benchmark Report). The Annual Energy Utilization Index (EUI) is expressed in Thousands of British Thermal Units/Square Foot (kBtu/sf) and can be used to compare energy consumption to similar building types or to track consumption from year to year in the same building. The EUI is calculated by converting annual consumption of all fuels used to Btu’s then dividing by the area (gross conditioned square footage) of the building. EUI is a good indicator of the relative potential for energy savings. A comparatively low EUI indicates less potential for large energy savings. Building architectural, mechanical and electrical drawings were utilized to calculate and verify the gross area of the facility. The gross area was confirmed on the physical site investigation. Refer to Section 6.0 of this report for additional details on EUI issues. CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AkWarm ID No. CIRI‐SXQ‐CAEC‐03 PAGE 6 OF 31 After gathering the utility data and calculating the EUI, the next step in the audit process was to review the drawings to develop a building profile which documented the building age, type, usage, and major energy consuming equipment or systems such as lighting, heating, ventilation and air condition (HVAC), domestic hot water heating, refrigeration, snow-melt, etc. The building profile is utilized to generate, and answer, possible questions regarding the facility’s energy usage. These questions were then compared to the energy usage profiles developed during the utility data gathering step. After this information is gathered, the next step in the process is the physical site investigation (site visit). The site visit was completed on August 03, 2011, and was spent inspecting the actual systems and answering specific questions from the preliminary review. Occupancy schedules, O&M practices, building energy management program, and other information that has an impact on energy consumption were obtained. Photos of the major equipment and building construction were taken during the site visit. Several of the site photos are included in this report as Appendix D. An additional site visit was completed November 1, 2011, and thermal images of the building’s exterior were taken. These thermal images illustrate heat loss exhibited by the school. Several of the thermal images are included in this report as Appendix E. The post-site work includes evaluation of the information gathered during the site visits, researching possible conservation opportunities, organizing the audit into a comprehensive report, and making recommendations on mechanical, electrical and building envelope improvements. CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AkWarm ID No. CIRI‐SXQ‐CAEC‐03 PAGE 7 OF 31 Central Alaska Engineering Company (CAEC) began the site survey after completing the preliminary audit tasks noted in Section 2.0. The site survey provided critical input in deciphering where energy opportunities exist within the facility. The audit team walked the entire site to inventory the building envelope (roof, walls, windows and doors, etc.), the major equipment including HVAC, water heating, lighting, and equipment in kitchens, offices, gymnasium, and classrooms. The site survey was used to determine an understanding of how the equipment is used. The collected data was entered into the AkWarm Commercial© Software (AkWarm), a building energy modeling program developed for AHFC. The data was processed by AkWarm to model a baseline from which energy efficiency measures (EEMs) could be considered. The model was compared to actual utility costs to ensure the quality of baseline and proposed energy modeling performed by AkWarm. The recommended EEMs focus on the building envelope, HVAC systems, water heating, lighting, and other electrical improvements that will reduce annual energy consumption. EEMs are evaluated based on building use and processes, local climate conditions, building construction type, function, operational schedule, existing conditions, and foreseen future plans. Energy savings are calculated based on industry standard methods and engineering estimations. When new equipment is proposed, energy consumption is calculated based on the manufacturer’s information where possible. Energy savings are calculated by AkWarm. Implementation of more than one EEM often affects the savings of other EEMs. The savings may in some cases be relatively higher if an individual EEM is implemented in lieu of multiple recommended EEMs. For example, implementing reduced operating schedule for specific inefficient lighting systems will result in a greater relative savings than merely replacing fixtures and bulbs. Implementing reduced operating schedules for newly installed efficient lighting will result in a lower relative savings, because there is less energy to be saved. If multiple EEM’s are recommended to be implemented, the combined savings is calculated and identified appropriately. Following in Section 7.0 of this report for the Energy Efficiency Measures, the simple lifetime calculation is shown for each EEM. The lifetime for each EEM is estimated based on the typical life of the equipment being replaced or altered. The energy savings is extrapolated throughout the lifetime of the EEM. The total energy savings is calculated as the total lifetime multiplied by the yearly savings. Cost savings are calculated based on the historical energy costs for the building. Installation costs include labor and equipment to evaluate the initial investment required to implement an EEM. These are applied to each recommendation with simple paybacks calculated. The energy analyst’s opinions of probable cost are garnered from Means Cost Data, other industry publications, and local contractors and suppliers. In addition, where applicable, maintenance cost savings are estimated and applied to the net savings. The costs and savings are applied and a Simple Payback (SP) and Savings to Investment Ration (SIR). These are listed in Section 7.0 and summarized in Table 1.1 of this report. The SP is based on the years that it takes for the net savings to payback the net installation cost (Cost divided by Savings). The SIR is calculated as a ratio by dividing the break even cost by the initial installed cost. CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AkWarm ID No. CIRI‐SXQ‐CAEC‐03 PAGE 8 OF 31 The analysis provides a number of tools for assessing the cost effectiveness of various improvement options. These tools utilize Life-Cycle Costing, which is defined in this context as a method of cost analysis that estimates the total cost of a project over the period of time that includes both the construction cost and ongoing maintenance and operating costs. Savings to Investment Ratio (SIR) = Savings divided by Investment Savings includes the total discounted dollar savings considered over the life of the improvement. When these savings are added up, changes in future fuel prices (usually inflationary) as projected by the Alaska Department of Energy are included in the model. Future savings are discounted to the present to account for the time-value of money (i.e. money’s ability to earn interest over time). The Investment in the SIR calculation includes the labor and materials required to install the measure. An SIR value of at least 1.0 indicates that the project is cost-effective—total savings exceed the investment costs. Simple payback is a cost analysis method whereby the investment cost of a project is divided by the first year’s savings of the project to give the number of years required to recover the cost of the investment. This may be compared to the expected time before replacement of the system or component will be required. For example, if a boiler costs $12,000 and results in a savings of $1,000 in the first year, the payback time is 12 years. If the boiler has an expected life to replacement of 10 years, it would not be financially viable to make the investment since the payback period of 12 years is greater than the project life. The Simple Payback calculation does not consider likely increases in future annual savings due to energy price increases. As an offsetting simplification, simple payback does not consider the need to earn interest on the investment (i.e. it does not consider the time-value of money). Because of these simplifications, the SIR figure is considered to be a better financial investment indicator than the Simple Payback measure. CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AkWarm ID No. CIRI‐SXQ‐CAEC‐03 PAGE 9 OF 31 All results are dependent on the quality of input data provided. In this case the site investigation was limited to observable conditions. No testing or destructive investigations were undertaken. Although energy-conserving methods are described in the EEMs, in some instances several methods may also achieve the identified savings. Detailed engineering is required in order to develop the EEMs to a realizable project. This audit and report are thus intended to offer approximations of the results achievable by the listed improvements. This report is not intended to be a final design document. The design professional or other persons following the recommendations shall accept responsibility and liability for the results. Budget for engineering and design of these projects is not included in the cost estimate for each measure. Limitations of the AkWarm Commercial© Software are reviewed on Section 6.0 of this report. CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AkWarm ID No. CIRI‐SXQ‐CAEC‐03 PAGE 10 OF 31 The original structure of the Sterling Elementary School is a single story facility was built in 1958. This building has had five (5) additions made to it, adding more classroom space, offices, a gymnasium, and a second floor mechanical room. The school is typically occupied from 7AM to 5PM during the weekdays with extracurricular and community activities happening occasionally in the evenings and the weekends in the gymnasium and classroom areas. There are an estimated 150 full time student and staff occupants using the building. This facility has two separate portable classroom buildings. As architectural drawings were provided for this audit, assumptions of the shell insulation values were made using these drawings and no destructive testing was completed for the audit. The insulation values and condition could not be verified as access was not available. The following are the assumptions made for the AkWarm building model: Exterior walls of the building have double pane wood-framed windows in place and have an estimated U-factor of 0.51 – 0.56 Btu/hr-sf-F. These windows appear to be weathered and are in moderate condition. The exterior walls of the majority of the school are made of 2x6 framing spaced 16-inches on- center with R-19 fiberglass insulation. The gymnasium section of the school has walls made of 2-core concrete blocks with 2-inches of loose fiberglass on the interior. Wall height varies from 10 feet to 21 feet, depending on location. The roof system of the original school is a built-up roof with 2-inches of rigid insulation on top of 4x6- tongue and groove decking with a moisture barrier between the layers. The gymnasium portion of the building is built with 2.25-inches of rigid insulation over a moisture barrier on top of 3x6-tongue and groove decking with 1-inch of acoustical tile on the interior. The 1978 classroom addition on the northern end of the building uses 4-inches of rigid insulation of over 3x6-tongue and groove decking. This roof system is held up by large glue-laminated beams. Finally, the 1983 addition on the southern end of the building uses 6-inches of rigid insulation on top of metal bracing. The floor/foundation of the building is a concrete slab-on-grade configuration. The slab edge does not appear to be insulated on the outside and there is no indication there is insulation installed under the concrete slab from the architectural drawings reviewed for the audit. All doors on this building are commercial grade, metal framed and insulated doors that are half- windowed or solid. Some of the exterior doors are half-windowed with single pane glass. Single pane windows have a higher heat loss rate and are recommended to be replaced with double paned windows. There is also one (1) overhead door on the north side of the school. CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AkWarm ID No. CIRI‐SXQ‐CAEC‐03 PAGE 11 OF 31 Building heat is provided from two (2) natural gas-fired boilers and two (2) natural gas-fired forced air furnaces. Boilers are located in the second floor mechanical room and the furnaces are located in the north wing addition in isolated rooms accessed from the outside. The hydronic system is circulated throughout the building by circulation pumps located in the boiler room and provides heat to the baseboard system and the air handling units. There is no outdoor temperature reset control which is recommended to be added and controlled by the building DDC system. The heating plants used in the building are: Boiler 1 Fuel Type: Natural Gas Input Rating: 1,428,000 BTU/hr Rated Efficiency: 80.4 % Heat Distribution Type: Hydronic Boiler Operation: All Year Boiler 2 Fuel Type: Natural Gas Input Rating: 780,000 BTU/hr Rated Efficiency: 80 % Heat Distribution Type: Hydronic Boiler Operation: All Year Furnace 1 Fuel Type: Natural Gas Input Rating: 165,000 BTU/hr Rated Efficiency: 78 % Heat Distribution Type: Forced Air Furnace Operation: All Year Furnace 2 Fuel Type: Natural Gas Input Rating: 165,000 BTU/hr Rated Efficiency: 78 % Heat Distribution Type: Forced Air Furnace Operation: All Year CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AkWarm ID No. CIRI‐SXQ‐CAEC‐03 PAGE 12 OF 31 The DHW system utilizes two (2) gas-fired automatic storage hot water heaters to heat potable water. DHW is circulated around the building and supplies the kitchen, restrooms, teacher’s lounge, and the classroom sinks. One hot water heater is located in the mechanical room while the other is located in the north wing addition in the same room as one of the furnaces. The DHW systems in the building are as follows: Water Heater 1 Fuel Type: Natural Gas Input Rating: 65,000 BTU/hr Steady State Efficiency: 58 % Heat Distribution Type: Water Heater Operation: All Year Water Heater 2 Fuel Type: Natural Gas Input Rating: 199,000 BTU/hr Steady State Efficiency: 62 % Heat Distribution Type: Water Heater Operation: All Year Outside air is drawn into the building through the air handling systems, supply fans, and classroom unit ventilators. There are three (3) Air Handling Units (AHUs) located inside of the building providing ventilation. The AHU’s appear to be in good condition. There is one (1) makeup air unit in the building, located in the boiler room to supply combustion air to the boilers. Excess air is removed from the building with the use of exhaust fans located throughout the building. The ventilation system is controlled by pneumatic controls tied into a digital timer box. Improved control and operational ability of the heating and ventilation equipment can be achieved by modernizing the pneumatic system to provide energy savings and is evaluated in Section 7.0 of this report. There are several types of light systems throughout the building. Lighting upgrade opportunities provide some of the best investment opportunities in the building. There is an outdated gym lighting system in place which if updated to modern systems can produce more illumination with a third less energy. The T8 lighting systems remaining in the building are good candidates for replacement to new Energy-Saver T8 systems. The high pressure sodium lights mounted on the outside of the building are also good candidates for replacement. There have been recent advances in LED technology and are recommended to replace the HPS systems. Several EEM’s are provided in this report reviewing the lighting system upgrade recommendations. There are several plug loads throughout the building. This includes the kitchen equipment, computers with monitors, copy machines, vending machines, clothing dryer, washing machine, refrigerators, microwave ovens and coffee pots. These building plug loads are estimated in the AkWarm modeling program at 0.3 watts/sf. CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AkWarm ID No. CIRI‐SXQ‐CAEC‐03 PAGE 13 OF 31 Following the completion of the field survey a detailed building major equipment inventory was created and is attached as Appendix C. The major pieces of equipment listed are considered to be the major energy consuming items in the building whose replacement or upgrade could yield substantial energy savings. An approximate age was assigned to the equipment if a manufactured date was not shown on the equipment’s nameplate. As listed in the 2011 ASHRAE Handbook for HVAC Applications, Chapter 37, Table 4, the service life for the equipment along with the remaining useful life in accordance to the ASHRAE standard are also noted in the equipment list. Where there are zero (0) years remaining in the estimated useful life of a piece of equipment, this is an indication that maintenance costs are likely on the rise and more efficient replacement equipment is available which will lower the operating costs of the unit. Maintenance costs should also fall with the replacement. CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AkWarm ID No. CIRI‐SXQ‐CAEC‐03 PAGE 14 OF 31 Tables provided in Appendix A, Energy Benchmark Data Report, represent the electric and natural gas energy usage for the surveyed facility from July 2008 to June 2010 (Fiscal Years 2009 and 2010). Homer Electric Association provides the electricity under their commercial rate schedules. Natural gas is provided by ENSTAR under their commercial rate schedules. The electric utility bills for consumption in kilowatt-hours (kWh) and for maximum demand in kilowatts (kW). One kilowatt-hour is equivalent to 3,413 Btu’s. The consumption (kWh) is determined as the wattage times the hours it is running. For example, 1,000 watts running for one hour, or 500 watts running for two hours is a kWh. The maximum demand is simply the sum of all electrical devices on simultaneously. For example, ten, 100 watt lights running simultaneously would create a demand of 1,000 watts (1 kW). Demand is averaged over a rolling window, usually 15 minutes. Thus, the facility must be concerned not only with basic electricity usage (consumption) but also the rate at which it gets used. The basic usage charges are shown as generation service and delivery charges along with several non-utility generation charges. The natural gas utility bills for consumption are represented in hundreds of cubic feet (CCF). One (1) CCF is equivalent to 100,000 Btu’s. The average billing rates for energy use are calculated by dividing the total cost by the total usage. Based on the electric and natural gas utility data provided, the fiscal years 2009 and 2010 costs for the energy and consumption at the surveyed facility are summarized in Table 6.1 below. 2008-2009 2009-2010 Average Electric 0.17 $/kWh 0.15 $/kWh 0.16 $/kWh Natural Gas .89 $/CCF .96 $/CCF 0.93 $/kWh Total Cost $69,398 $59,867 $64,633 ECI 2.05 $/sf 1.77 $/sf 1.91 $/sf Electric EUI 26.9 kBtu/sf 25.9 kBtu/sf 26.4 kBtu/sf Natural Gas EUI 77.3 kBtu/sf 72.8 kBtu/sf 75.1 kBtu/sf Building EUI 104.2 kBtu/sf 98.7 kBtu/sf 101.5 kBtu/sf Data from the U.S.A. Energy Information Administration provides information for U.S.A. Commercial Buildings Energy Intensity Using Site Energy by Census Region. In 2003, the U.S.A. average energy usage for Education building activity is shown to be 83 kBtu/sf. Over the analyzed period, the surveyed facility was calculated to have an average energy utilization index of 101.5 kBtu/sf - a factor of 22.3 % higher the USA average. CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AkWarm ID No. CIRI‐SXQ‐CAEC‐03 PAGE 15 OF 31 At current utility rates, the Kenai Peninsula Borough is modeled to pay approximately $66,194 annually for electricity and other fuel costs for Sterling Elementary. Figure 6.1 below reflects the estimated distribution of costs across the primary end uses of energy based on the AkWarm computer simulation. Comparing the “Retrofit” bar in the figure to the “Existing” bar shows the potential savings from implementing all of the energy efficiency measures shown in this report. Figure 6.2 below shows how the annual energy cost of the building splits between the different fuels used by the building. The “Existing” bar shows the breakdown for the building as it is now; the “Retrofit” bar shows the predicted costs if all of the energy efficiency measures in this report are implemented. $0 $20,000 $40,000 $60,000 $80,000 Existing Retrofit Ventilation and Fans Space Heating Refrigeration Other Electrical Lighting Domestic Hot Water Cooking Clothes Drying Annual Energy Costs by End Use CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AkWarm ID No. CIRI‐SXQ‐CAEC‐03 PAGE 16 OF 31 Figure 6.3 below addresses only Space Heating costs. The figure shows how each heat loss component contributes to those costs; for example, the figure shows how much annual space heating cost is caused by the heat loss through the Walls/Doors. For each component, the space heating cost for the Existing building is shown (blue bar) and the space heating cost assuming all retrofits are implemented (yellow bar) are shown. Interestingly, Figure 6.3 suggests that the windows, after the recommended retrofit, will provide a slight negative cost for space heating. AkWarm is implying that the building will actually profit from new windows, as solar gain will offset the heat loss through these openings. It is important to realize that this is on an annual analysis, and will likely not hold true during the winter months. The tables below show AkWarm’s estimate of the monthly fuel use for each of the fuels used in the building. For each fuel, the fuel use is broken down across the energy end uses. Note, in the tables below “DHW” refers to Domestic Hot Water heating. Electrical Consumption (kWh) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Lighting 12977 11826 12977 12559 12788 6873 7103 10135 12559 12977 12559 12977 Refrigeration 1286 1172 1286 1245 1286 1245 1286 1286 1245 1286 1245 1286 Other Electrical 6123 5580 6123 5925 5985 1803 1863 4062 5925 6123 5925 6123 Cooking 493 449 493 477 493 477 493 493 477 493 477 493 Clothes Drying 19 18 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 Ventilation Fans 1965 1791 1965 1902 1923 647 668 1338 1902 1965 1902 1965 DHW 181 165 181 175 181 175 181 181 175 181 175 181 Space Heating 1858 1693 1858 1798 1858 1797 1857 1857 1798 1858 1798 1858 Space Cooling 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Natural Gas Consumption (ccf) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec DHW 322 294 322 312 322 312 322 322 312 322 312 322 Space Heating 3290 2679 2610 1855 1378 643 445 580 1054 1903 2549 3245 CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AkWarm ID No. CIRI‐SXQ‐CAEC‐03 PAGE 17 OF 31 Energy Utilization Index (EUI) is a measure of a building’s annual energy utilization per square foot of building. This calculation is completed by converting all utility usage consumed by a building for one year, to British Thermal Units (Btu) or kBtu’s, and dividing this number by the building square footage. EUI is a good measure of a building’s energy use and is utilized regularly for comparison of energy performance for similar building types. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Buildings Technology Center under a contract with the U.S. Department of Energy maintains a Benchmarking Building Energy Performance Program. The ORNL website determines how a building’s energy use compares with similar facilities throughout the U.S. and in a specific region or state. Source use differs from site usage when comparing a building’s energy consumption with the national average. Site energy use is the energy consumed by the building at the building site only. Source energy use includes the site energy use as well as all of the losses to create and distribute the energy to the building. Source energy represents the total amount of raw fuel that is required to operate the building. It incorporates all transmission, delivery, and production losses, which allows for a complete assessment of energy efficiency in a building. The type of utility purchased has a substantial impact on the source energy use of a building. The EPA has determined that source energy is the most comparable unit for evaluation purposes and overall global impact. Both the site and source EUI ratings for the building are provided to understand and compare the differences in energy use. The site and source EUIs for this building are calculated as follows. (See Table 6.4 for details): Building Site EUI = (Electric Usage in kBtu + Natural Gas Usage in kBtu) Building Square Footage Building Source EUI = (Electric Usage in kBtu X SS Ratio + Natural Gas Usage in kBtu X SS Ratio) Building Square Footage where “SS Ratio” is the Source Energy to Site Energy ratio for the particular fuel. Energy Type Building Fuel Use per Year Site Energy Use per Year, kBTU Source/Site Ratio Source Energy Use per Year, kBTU Electricity 265,008 kWh 904,472 3.340 3,020,938 Natural Gas 26,028 ccf 2,602,844 1.047 2,725,178 Total 3,507,316 5,746,115 BUILDING AREA 33,887 Square Feet BUILDING SITE EUI 103 kBTU/Ft²/Yr BUILDING SOURCE EUI 170 kBTU/Ft²/Yr * Site - Source Ratio data is provided by the Energy Star Performance Rating Methodology for Incorporating Source Energy Use document issued March 2011. CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AkWarm ID No. CIRI‐SXQ‐CAEC‐03 PAGE 18 OF 31 An accurate model of the building performance can be created by simulating the thermal performance of the walls, roof, windows and floors of the building. The HVAC system and central plant are modeled as well, accounting for the outside air ventilation required by the building and the heat recovery equipment in place. The model uses local weather data and is trued up to historical energy use to ensure its accuracy. The model can be used now and in the future to measure the utility bill impact of all types of energy projects, including improving building insulation, modifying glazing, changing air handler schedules, increasing heat recovery, installing high efficiency boilers, using variable air volume air handlers, adjusting outside air ventilation and adding cogeneration systems. For the purposes of this study, the Sterling Elementary School was modeled using AkWarm energy use software to establish a baseline space heating and cooling energy usage. Climate data from Sterling Alaska was used for analysis. From this, the model was be calibrated to predict the impact of theoretical energy savings measures. Once annual energy savings from a particular measure were predicted and the initial capital cost was estimated, payback scenarios were approximated. Project cost estimates are provided in the Section 7.0 of this report reviewing the Energy Efficiency Measures. • The AkWarm model is based on typical mean year weather data for Sterling Alaska. This data represents the average ambient weather profile as observed over approximately 30 years. As such, the gas and electric profiles generated will not likely compare perfectly with actual energy billing information from any single year. This is especially true for years with extreme warm or cold periods, or even years with unexpectedly moderate weather. • The heating and cooling load model is a simple two-zone model consisting of the building’s core interior spaces and the building’s perimeter spaces. This simplified approach loses accuracy for buildings that have large variations in cooling/heating loads across different parts of the building. • The model does not model HVAC systems that simultaneously provide both heating and cooling to the same building space (typically done as a means of providing temperature control in the space). The energy balances shown in this section were derived from the output generated by the AkWarm simulations. CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AkWarm ID No. CIRI‐SXQ‐CAEC‐03 PAGE 19 OF 31 The Energy Efficiency Measures are summarized below: Electrical & Appliance Measures Lighting Measures The goal of this section is to present lighting energy efficiency measures that may be cost beneficial. It should be noted that replacing current bulbs with more energy-efficient equivalents will have a small effect on the building heating and cooling loads. The building cooling load will see a small decrease from an upgrade to more efficient bulbs and the heating load will see a small increase, as the more energy efficient bulbs give off less heat. Lighting Measures – Replace Existing Fixtures/Bulbs and Lighting Controls Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation 3 Parking Lot Lights 20 HPS 250 Watt Magnetic with Daylight Sensor Replace with 20 LED 80W Module Standard Electronic Installation Cost $20,000 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 15 Energy Savings ($/yr) $5,302 Breakeven Cost $65,092 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 3.3 Simple Payback yrs 4 Auditors Notes: All of the high pressure sodium lights mounted on the outside of the building are considered to be good candidates for replacement. There have been recent advances in LED technology and are recommended to replace the HPS systems. Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation 4 Exterior 150W HPS 5 HPS 150 Watt Magnetic with Manual Switching Replace with 5 LED 50W Module Standard Electronic and Add new Occupancy Sensor Installation Cost $1,975 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 15 Energy Savings ($/yr) $223 Breakeven Cost $2,741 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 1.4 Simple Payback yrs 9 Auditors Notes: Refer to EEM #3 for similar notes. Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation 5 Library 30 FLUOR (4) T8 8' F96T8 59W Standard (2) Standard Electronic with Manual Switching Replace with 30 FLUOR (4) T8 8' F96T8 54W Energy-Saver (2) High Efficiency Electronic and Add new Occupancy Sensor Installation Cost $7,290 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 15 Energy Savings ($/yr) $727 Breakeven Cost $8,928 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 1.2 Simple Payback yrs 10 Auditors Notes: This EEM is recommending the existing 59-Watt T8 lights in the library be replaced with 54-Watt Energy Saver T8 bulbs and be installed on occupancy sensors. CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AkWarm ID No. CIRI‐SXQ‐CAEC‐03 PAGE 20 OF 31 Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation 6 New Classrooms 115 FLUOR (3) T8 4' F32T8 32W Standard Instant Standard Electronic with Manual Switching Replace with 115 FLUOR (3) T8 4' F32T8 28W Energy-Saver Instant High Efficiency Electronic and Add new Occupancy Sensor Installation Cost $12,040 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 15 Energy Savings ($/yr) $1,200 Breakeven Cost $14,735 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 1.2 Simple Payback yrs 10 Auditors Notes: This EEM is recommending the existing 32-Watt T8 lights in the offices be replaced with 28-Watt Energy Saver T8 bulbs and be installed on occupancy sensors. Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation 10 100W HPS 23 HPS 100 Watt Magnetic with Manual Switching Replace with 23 LED 35W Module Standard Electronic and Add new Occupancy Sensor Installation Cost $9,085 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 15 Energy Savings ($/yr) $820 Breakeven Cost $10,067 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 1.1 Simple Payback yrs 11 Auditors Notes: Refer to EEM #3 for similar notes. Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation 11 Gym Lights 26 MH 250 Watt Magnetic with Manual Switching Replace with 26 FLUOR (5) T5 45.2" F28T5 28W High Lumen (3050 L) (2) High Light High Efficiency Electronic and Add new Occupancy Sensor and Multi-Level Switch Installation Cost $17,000 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 15 Energy Savings ($/yr) $1,480 Breakeven Cost $18,174 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 1.1 Simple Payback yrs 11 Auditors Notes: This EEM recommends replacement of the gym lights with new high efficient high output T-5 HO system. Installation of the more efficient lights and installation of a lighting control package with occupancy sensors and multi-level switching can reduce the gym lighting energy consumption. Below is an example picture of a recently re-lamped gym with the T-5 HO system. CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AkWarm ID No. CIRI‐SXQ‐CAEC‐03 PAGE 21 OF 31 Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation 12 Hallways/Offices 231 FLUOR (2) T8 4' F32T8 32W Standard Instant Standard Electronic with Manual Switching Replace with 231 FLUOR (2) T8 4' F32T8 28W Energy-Saver Instant High Efficiency Electronic and Add new Occupancy Sensor Installation Cost $24,000 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 15 Energy Savings ($/yr) $1,623 Breakeven Cost $19,922 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 0.8 Simple Payback yrs 15 Auditors Notes: Refer to EEM #6 for similar notes. Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation 13 50W HPS 20 HPS 50 Watt Magnetic with Manual Switching Replace with 20 LED 17W Module Standard Electronic and Add new Occupancy Sensor Installation Cost $7,900 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 15 Energy Savings ($/yr) $359 Breakeven Cost $4,410 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 0.6 Simple Payback yrs 22 Auditors Notes: Refer to EEM #3 for similar notes. Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation 27 Classroom Single Fluorescent 24 FLUOR T8 4' F32T8 32W Standard Instant Standard Electronic with Manual Switching Replace with 24 FLUOR T8 4' F32T8 28W Energy-Saver Instant Standard Electronic Installation Cost $2,400 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 15 Energy Savings ($/yr) $27 Breakeven Cost $333 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 0.1 Simple Payback yrs 89 Auditors Notes: Refer to EEM #6 for similar notes. CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AkWarm ID No. CIRI‐SXQ‐CAEC‐03 PAGE 22 OF 31 Refrigeration Measures Rank Location Description of Existing Efficiency Recommendation 1 Freezer 2 Commercial Refrigerator/Freezer Add new Seasonal Shutdown Installation Cost $1 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 15 Energy Savings ($/yr) $82 Breakeven Cost $1,004 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 1,003.9 Simple Payback yrs 0 Auditors Notes: Unplug commercial refrigerators in kitchen during summer months. Rank Location Description of Existing Efficiency Recommendation 2 Vending Machine 2 Vending Machine Add new Seasonal Shutdown Installation Cost $200 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 15 Energy Savings ($/yr) $422 Breakeven Cost $5,186 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 25.9 Simple Payback yrs 0 Auditors Notes: There are many no and low cost ways to cut the energy use of a refrigerated vending machine. Vending machines generate good savings in buildings that are not occupied around the clock. Installation of a Vending Miser Control System (or equivalent) is estimated to save 20% on electric energy costs. A refrigerated vending machine operates 24 hours, seven days per week. It was noted that during the summer months, the refrigerated vending machines were not unplugged thereby consuming energy year round. This case study evaluated the use of seasonal shutdown during the summer break months. If the vending machine is leased, then the cost of installation of a control system is recommended to be installed by the owner of the vending machine. Rank Location Description of Existing Efficiency Recommendation 26 Freezer 2 Commercial Refrigerator/Freezer Replace with 2 Commercial Refrigerator/Freezer Installation Cost $4,000 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 15 Energy Savings ($/yr) $45 Breakeven Cost $558 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 0.1 Simple Payback yrs 88 Auditors Notes: Install new energy star rated refers to save 30% on energy use. Turn off and unplug refrigerators when not in use for instance during the summer break CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AkWarm ID No. CIRI‐SXQ‐CAEC‐03 PAGE 23 OF 31 Mechanical Equipment Measures Heating/Cooling/Domestic Hot Water Measure Rank Recommendation 15 Replace existing natural gas furnaces with 95% efficient natural gas boilers with an indirect-fired water heater. Estimated $42,000 for new boilers, new indirect-fired water heater, and new classroom unit ventilators. Add variable speed DDC System to ventilators/boilers @ $4/sq.ft. Assumed that 20% of total cost is attributed to heating with new controls on louvers, new sensors, and better feedback to DDC. Assumes $500 per premium efficiency motor upgrade with installation. Installation Cost $81,287 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 20 Energy Savings ($/yr) $2,549 Breakeven Cost $40,089 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 0.5 Simple Payback yrs 32 Auditors Notes: * The combination of these energy efficiency measures are bundled in the AkWarm program calculations The recommendations of this EEM include several retrofit options. Individual retrofit considerations are discussed below in detail. AkWarm considers all upgrades to the heating system as one item and therefore predicts a combined savings. Because of this the savings of individual upgrades, shown below, do not directly compare to the predicted overall savings of a complete upgrade of the heating system. A. Replacing the existing furnaces with modern, efficient natural gas-fired condensing boilers, replacing the current north wing hot water heater with an indirect-fired water heater, and installing classroom unit ventilators in the four classrooms served by the furnaces has been evaluated as one individual EEM. The addition of classroom unit ventilators is required to provide adequate outdoor air in lieu of the furnaces. This upgrade is expected to cost $42,000 and produce an annual energy savings equivalent to $1,174. B. Installing an outdoor temperature reset control to the boiler output temperature and installing a Direct Digital Control (DDC) system as a replacement for the current pneumatic control system has been evaluated as a separate EEM. This upgrade will also affect the ventilation and heating temperature set point(s) of the building through refined controls and sensors. Assuming 20% of the DDC system cost is attributed to the heating system, this upgrade is expected to cost $33,887 and produce an annual energy savings equivalent to $1,384. C. Replacing the electric motors throughout the building with premium efficiency motors will produce an energy savings based on the reduced amount of power used. With this EEM, a refined schedule from a DDC system will reduce the savings from more efficient pumps, as mentioned earlier in the first paragraph of this EEM. With motor replacement, the total cost is estimated to be $5,400 for an annual energy savings equivalent to $129. CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AkWarm ID No. CIRI‐SXQ‐CAEC‐03 PAGE 24 OF 31 Ventilation System Measures Rank Description Recommendation 14 Pneumatic system controls tied into a digital timer box. Add variable speed DDC System to ventilators/boilers @ $4/sq.ft. Assumed that 60% of total cost is attributed to ventilation with new controls on louvers, new sensors, and better feedback to DDC for all ventilation systems. Assumes $500 per premium efficiency motor upgrade with installation. Installation Cost $85,829 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 15 Energy Savings ($/yr) $3,578 Breakeven Cost $44,995 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 0.5 Simple Payback yrs 24 Auditors Notes: * The cost of upgrading the pneumatic system was allocated across several of the mechanical energy efficiency measures. The recommendations of this EEM include several retrofit options. Individual retrofit considerations are discussed below in detail. AkWarm considers all upgrades to the ventilation system as one item and therefore predicts a combined savings. Because of this the savings of individual upgrades, shown below, do not directly compare to the predicted overall savings of a complete upgrade of the building ventilation system. A. The programming of ventilation equipment to cycle on and off during low use periods has the potential to save a portion of the total electric power cost. This can be done with no noticeable difference to the occupants of the building, which is vacant or near vacant during low use periods. There is no need for fresh air when the building is vacant. Improved control of the ventilation system is within the capacity of a DDC controller, but the existing pneumatic control scheme is antiquated and is recommended to be upgraded to a new operating system. The ventilation equipment may be slowed down to near the surge point on the blower wheels. This can be done with the variable frequency drives already in place at the school. Installation of demand control on the gym air handling unit by installing a carbon dioxide controller can be used to optimize run time. Upgrading to a DDC system will allow optimizing the “On-Off” run timing for the ventilation system. There is energy to be saved by the automation system including tuning the variable frequency speed controllers of the fans. The entire DDC system will be spread across the heating and setback temperature controls and has some of the overall cost partitioned within these areas. For the ventilation system, this upgrade is expected to cost $81,239 for an annual energy savings equivalent to $2,618. B. Replacing the pumps and motors throughout the building with premium efficiency pumps and motors will produce an energy savings based on the reduced amount of power used. With this EEM, a refined schedule from a DDC system will reduce the savings from more efficient pumps, as mentioned earlier in the first paragraph of this EEM. With pump replacement, the total cost is estimated to be $4,500 for an annual energy savings equivalent to $284. CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AkWarm ID No. CIRI‐SXQ‐CAEC‐03 PAGE 25 OF 31 Night Setback Thermostat Measures Rank Building Space Recommendation 7 Office Area Implement a Heating Temperature Unoccupied Setback to 60.0 deg F for the Office Area space. Installation Cost $759 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 15 Energy Savings ($/yr) $68 Breakeven Cost $860 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 1.1 Simple Payback yrs 11 Auditors Notes: There are economic reasons why the thermostatic controller set points should be setback during off peak use hours. However one important control data input concerns the water dew point of the air. The water dew point of the inside air varies with the seasons. Currently, there is no humidity measuring instruments normally available to or monitored by the control system or staff and this data is needed before choosing the ideal “setback” temperatures. As outside air temperatures rise, the inside air dew point also rises. The workers are likely to complain about mildew and mold smells if the temperature is dropped below the dew point. In keeping with this mildew and mold concern, it is recommended that the control system monitor the water dew point within the building to select how far back the temperature can be set during low use periods. If the water dew point is above 70 oF, then set up the temperature not back. If the water dew point is 50 oF or below then reduce the setback temperature control toward 60oF. Other parameters relating to the building setback temperature include warm-up time required to reheat the building and preventing any water pipes near the building perimeter from freezing. During extreme cold periods, reducing the setback temperature limit and time appropriately is required to prevent possible problems. Rank Building Space Recommendation 8 Gym Implement a Heating Temperature Unoccupied Setback to 60.0 deg F for the Gym space. Installation Cost $4,836 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 15 Energy Savings ($/yr) $428 Breakeven Cost $5,441 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 1.1 Simple Payback yrs 11 Auditors Notes: Refer to EEM #7 for similar notes. Rank Building Space Recommendation 9 Classrooms Implement a Heating Temperature Unoccupied Setback to 60.0 deg F for the Classrooms space. Installation Cost $16,092 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 15 Energy Savings ($/yr) $1,413 Breakeven Cost $17,975 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 1.1 Simple Payback yrs 11 Auditors Notes: Refer to EEM #7 for similar notes. CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AkWarm ID No. CIRI‐SXQ‐CAEC‐03 PAGE 26 OF 31 Building Shell Measures Insulation Measures Rank Location Existing Type/R-Value Recommendation Type/R-Value 17 On- or Below-Grade Floor, Perimeter: Office Area/Entrance Insulation for 0' to 2' Perimeter: None Insulation for 2' to 4' Perimeter: None Modeled R-Value: 7.9 Install 2' of R-10 rigid board insulation around perimeter of Slab (vertical or horizontal). Installation Cost $282 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 30 Energy Savings (/yr) $5 Breakeven Cost $100 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 0.4 Simple Payback yrs 63 Auditors Notes: Addition of rigid insulation to the slab edge of the school will reduce heat loss into the ground around the building. This insulation should cover the exposed slab and project 2-feet into the ground and 2-feet out from the slab edge of the building. Rank Location Existing Type/R-Value Recommendation Type/R-Value 18 On- or Below-Grade Floor, Perimeter: East Wing Addition Insulation for 0' to 2' Perimeter: None Insulation for 2' to 4' Perimeter: None Modeled R-Value: 7.9 Install 2' of R-10 rigid board insulation around perimeter of Slab (vertical or horizontal). Installation Cost $2,659 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 30 Energy Savings (/yr) $42 Breakeven Cost $939 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 0.4 Simple Payback yrs 63 Auditors Notes: Refer to EEM #17 for similar notes. Rank Location Existing Type/R-Value Recommendation Type/R-Value 19 On- or Below-Grade Floor, Perimeter: North Wing Addition Insulation for 0' to 2' Perimeter: None Insulation for 2' to 4' Perimeter: None Modeled R-Value: 7.9 Install 2' of R-10 rigid board insulation around perimeter of Slab (vertical or horizontal). Installation Cost $1,892 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 30 Energy Savings (/yr) $30 Breakeven Cost $668 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 0.4 Simple Payback yrs 63 Auditors Notes: Refer to EEM #17 for similar notes. CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AkWarm ID No. CIRI‐SXQ‐CAEC‐03 PAGE 27 OF 31 Rank Location Existing Type/R-Value Recommendation Type/R-Value 20 On- or Below-Grade Floor, Perimeter: Gymnasium Insulation for 0' to 2' Perimeter: None Insulation for 2' to 4' Perimeter: None Modeled R-Value: 7.9 Install 2' of R-10 rigid board insulation around perimeter of Slab (vertical or horizontal). Installation Cost $1,733 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 30 Energy Savings (/yr) $28 Breakeven Cost $611 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 0.4 Simple Payback yrs 63 Auditors Notes: Refer to EEM #17 for similar notes. Rank Location Existing Type/R-Value Recommendation Type/R-Value 21 On- or Below-Grade Floor, Perimeter: West Wing Addition Insulation for 0' to 2' Perimeter: None Insulation for 2' to 4' Perimeter: None Modeled R-Value: 7.9 Install 2' of R-10 rigid board insulation around perimeter of Slab (vertical or horizontal). Installation Cost $1,645 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 30 Energy Savings (/yr) $26 Breakeven Cost $580 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 0.4 Simple Payback yrs 63 Auditors Notes: Refer to EEM #17 for similar notes. Rank Location Existing Type/R-Value Recommendation Type/R-Value 22 On- or Below-Grade Floor, Perimeter: Original School Insulation for 0' to 2' Perimeter: None Insulation for 2' to 4' Perimeter: None Modeled R-Value: 7.9 Install 2' of R-10 rigid board insulation around perimeter of Slab (vertical or horizontal). Installation Cost $1,027 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 30 Energy Savings (/yr) $16 Breakeven Cost $362 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 0.4 Simple Payback yrs 63 Auditors Notes: Refer to EEM #17 for similar notes. CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AkWarm ID No. CIRI‐SXQ‐CAEC‐03 PAGE 28 OF 31 Window Measures Rank Location Size/Type, Condition Recommendation 23 Window/Skylight: 1/4" NSFW Glass: Double, glass Frame: Wood\Vinyl Spacing Between Layers: Quarter Inch Gas Fill Type: Air Modeled U-Value: 0.56 Solar Heat Gain Coefficient: 0.46 Replace existing window with U-0.30 vinyl window Installation Cost $30,802 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 20 Energy Savings ($/yr) $329 Breakeven Cost $5,279 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 0.2 Simple Payback yrs 94 Auditors Notes: Due to age, the existing windows on the building have become leaky with degraded seals and poor air tightness. These windows are good candidates for replacement although the payback is poor for this EEM. New windows will reduce heat loss and infiltration and provide an improved solar heat gain. Replacing windows may not seem as an energy saving solution with excellent payback when compared to other options such as sensors for lights or boiler upgrades. It is important to keep in mind that new windows will help reduce the amount of unwanted air leaking into the building, which can make certain areas feel cold. Additionally, new windows are expected to require less maintenance and add to the value of the building. Rank Location Size/Type, Condition Recommendation 24 Window/Skylight: Vinyl SFW Glass: Double, glass Frame: Wood\Vinyl Spacing Between Layers: Quarter Inch Gas Fill Type: Air Modeled U-Value: 0.56 Solar Heat Gain Coefficient: 0.46 Replace existing window with U-0.30 vinyl window Installation Cost $16,013 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 20 Energy Savings ($/yr) $157 Breakeven Cost $2,516 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 0.2 Simple Payback yrs 102 Auditors Notes: Refer to EEM #23 for similar notes. Rank Location Size/Type, Condition Recommendation 25 Window/Skylight: 1/2" NSFW Glass: Double, glass Frame: Wood\Vinyl Spacing Between Layers: Half Inch Gas Fill Type: Air Modeled U-Value: 0.51 Solar Heat Gain Coefficient: 0.46 Replace existing window with U-0.30 vinyl window Installation Cost $4,849 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 20 Energy Savings ($/yr) $43 Breakeven Cost $693 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 0.1 Simple Payback yrs 112 Auditors Notes: Refer to EEM #23 for similar notes. CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AkWarm ID No. CIRI‐SXQ‐CAEC‐03 PAGE 29 OF 31 Rank Location Size/Type, Condition Recommendation 28 Window/Skylight: Storm Sash SFW Glass: Double glass with storm Frame: Wood\Vinyl Spacing Between Layers: Quarter Inch Gas Fill Type: Air Modeled U-Value: 0.40 Solar Heat Gain Coefficient: 0.41 Replace existing window with U-0.30 vinyl window Installation Cost $5,680 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 20 Energy Savings ($/yr) $33 Breakeven Cost $533 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 0.1 Simple Payback yrs 171 Auditors Notes: Refer to EEM #23 for similar notes. CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AkWarm ID No. CIRI‐SXQ‐CAEC‐03 PAGE 30 OF 31 Door Measures Rank Location Size/Type, Condition Recommendation 16 Exterior Door: Half- lite Doors Door Type: Metal/PU half lite Modeled R-Value: 3.3 Remove existing door and install standard pre- hung U-0.16 insulated door, including hardware. Installation Cost $3,904 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 30 Energy Savings (/yr) $68 Breakeven Cost $1,505 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 0.4 Simple Payback yrs 57 Auditors Notes: As with new windows, new doors will add to the value of the building while reducing unwanted cold spots and possibly eliminating problem areas of high heat loss Rank Location Size/Type, Condition Recommendation 29 Exterior Door: Solid Doors Door Type: Metal - urethane, therm. break Modeled R-Value: 5.3 Remove existing door and install standard pre- hung U-0.16 insulated door, including hardware. Installation Cost $6,637 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 30 Energy Savings ($/yr) $23 Breakeven Cost $518 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 0.1 Simple Payback yrs 284 Auditors Notes: Refer to EEM #16 for similar notes. CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AkWarm ID No. CIRI‐SXQ‐CAEC‐03 PAGE 31 OF 31 Through inspection of the energy-using equipment on-site and discussions with site facilities personnel, this energy audit has identified several energy-saving measures. The measures will reduce the amount of fuel burned and electricity used at the site. The projects will not degrade the performance of the building and, in some cases, will improve it. Several types of EEMs can be implemented immediately by building staff, and others will require various amounts of lead time for engineering and equipment acquisition. In some cases, there are logical advantages to implementing EEMs concurrently. For example, if the same electrical contractor is used to install both lighting equipment and motors, implementation of these measures should be scheduled to occur simultaneously. The Alaska Housing Finance Corporation (AHFC) Alaska Energy Efficiency Revolving Loan Fund (AEERLF) is a State of Alaska program enacted by the Alaska Sustainable Energy Act (Senate Bill 220, A.S. 18.56.855, “Energy Efficiency Revolving Loan Fund”). The AEERLF will provide loans for energy efficiency retrofits to public facilities via the Retrofit Energy Assessment for Loan System (REAL). As defined in 15 AAC 155.605, the program may finance energy efficiency improvements to buildings owned by: a. Regional educational attendance areas; b. Municipal governments, including political subdivisions for municipal governments; c. The University of Alaska; d. Political subdivisions of the State of Alaska, or e. The State of Alaska Refer to the Retrofit Energy Assessment for Loans manual which can be obtained from AHFC for more information on this program. CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT APPENDIX A Appendix A Benchmark Reports CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT First Name Last Name Middle Name Phone Paul Brenner 907‐714‐8825 State Zip AK 99669 Monday‐ Friday Saturday Sunday Holidays 7 to 50 0 0 Average # of Occupants During 150 0 0 0 Renovations / Notes Date 1961 1963 1968 1978 1979 Note: PART II – ENERGY SOURCES Heating Oil Electricity Natural Gas Propane Wood Coal $ /gallon $ / kWh $ / CCF $ / gal $ / cord $ / ton Other energy sources? 5,000 Sterling Elementary Education 33,887 Mailing Address Year Built 1958 Facility Address Building Type School Community Population Facility City 35096 Sterling Hwy Sterling Contact Person REAL Preliminary Benchmark Data Form PART I – FACILITY INFORMATION Facility Owner KPBSD Building Name/ Identifier Building Usage Building Square Footage Facility Owned By Date 03/13/11Municipal Details Drawings are maintained at district maintenance office in Soldotna. Facility Zip 99672 Email pbrenner@kpbsd.k12.ak.us City Soldotna148 N. Binkley St Primary Operating Hours 1. Please check every energy source you use in the table below. If known, please enter the base rate you pay for the energy source. 2. Provide utilities bills for the most recent two‐year period for each energy source you use. APPENDIX A CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT Sterling Elementary Buiding Size Input (sf) =33,887 2009 Natural Gas Consumption (Therms)26,207 2009 Natural Gas Cost ($)23,027 2009 Electric Consumption (kWh)266,720 2009 Electric Cost ($)46,371 2009 Oil Consumption (Therms) 2009 Oil Cost ($) 2009 Propane Consumption (Therms) 2009 Propane Cost ($) 2009 Coal Consumption (Therms) 2009 Coal Cost ($) 2009 Wood Consumption (Therms) 2009 Wood Cost ($) 2009 Thermal Consumption (Therms) 2009 Thermal Cost ($) 2009 Steam Consumption (Therms) 2009 Steam Cost ($) 2009 Total Energy Use (kBtu)3,531,015 2009 Total Energy Cost ($)69,398 Annual Energy Use Intensity (EUI) 2009 Natural Gas (kBtu/sf) 77.3 2009 Electricity (kBtu/sf)26.9 2009 Oil (kBtu/sf) 2009 Propane (kBtu/sf) 2009 Coal (kBtu/sf) 2009 Wood (kBtu/sf) 2009 Thermal (kBtu/sf) 2009 Steam (kBtu/sf) 2009 Energy Utilization Index (kBtu/sf)104.2 Annual Energy Cost Index (ECI) 2009 Natural Gas Cost Index ($/sf)0.68 2009 Electric Cost Index ($/sf)1.37 2009 Oil Cost Index ($/sf) 2009 Propane Cost Index ($/sf) 2009 Coal Cost Index ($/sf) 2009 Wood Cost Index ($/sf) 2009 Thermal Cost Index ($/sf) 2009 Steam Cost Index ($/sf) 2009 Energy Cost Index ($/sf)2.05 APPENDIX A CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT 2010 Natural Gas Consumption (Therms)24,672 2010 Natural Gas Cost ($)22,852 2010 Electric Consumption (kWh)256,800 2010 Electric Cost ($)37,015 2010 Oil Consumption (Therms) 2010 Oil Cost ($) 2010 Propane Consumption (Therms) 2010 Propane Cost ($) 2010 Coal Consumption (Therms) 2010 Coal Cost ($) 2010 Wood Consumption (Therms) 2010 Wood Cost ($) 2010 Thermal Consumption (Therms) 2010 Thermal Cost ($) 2010 Steam Consumption (Therms) 2010 Steam Cost ($) 2010 Total Energy Use (kBtu)3,343,658 2010 Total Energy Cost ($)59,867 Annual Energy Use Intensity (EUI) 2010 Natural Gas (kBtu/sf)72.8 2010 Electricity (kBtu/sf)25.9 2010 Oil (kBtu/sf) 2010 Propane (kBtu/sf) 2010 Coal (kBtu/sf) 2010 Wood (kBtu/sf) 2010 Thermal (kBtu/sf) 2010 Steam (kBtu/sf) 2010 Energy Utilization Index (kBtu/sf)98.7 Annual Energy Cost Index (ECI) 2010 Natural Gas Cost Index ($/sf)0.67 2010 Electric Cost Index ($/sf)1.09 2010 Oil Cost Index ($/sf) 2010 Propane Cost Index ($/sf) 2010 Coal Cost Index ($/sf) 2010 Wood Cost Index ($/sf) 2010 Thermal Cost Index ($/sf) 2010 Steam Cost Index ($/sf) 2010 Energy Cost Index ($/sf)1.77 Note: 1 kWh = 3,413 Btu's 1 Therm = 100,000 Btu's 1 CF ≈ 1,000 Btu's APPENDIX A CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANYSTERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORTSterling ElementaryNatural GasBtus/CCF =100,000Provider Customer # Month Start Date End Date Billing Days Consumption (CCF) Consumption (Therms) Demand Use Natural Gas Cost ($) Unit Cost ($/Therm) Demand Cost ($)ENSTAR152152 Jul‐08 7/1/2008 7/31/200830585585$488$0.83ENSTAR152152 Aug‐08 8/1/2008 8/31/200830690690$565$0.82ENSTAR152152 Sep‐08 9/1/2008 9/30/200829923923$735$0.80ENSTAR152152 Oct‐08 10/1/2008 10/31/2008301,8171,817$1,389$0.76ENSTAR152152 Nov‐08 11/1/2008 11/30/2008292,9182,918$2,194$0.75ENSTAR152152 Dec‐08 12/1/2008 12/31/2008303,0253,025$2,272$0.75ENSTAR152152 Jan‐09 1/1/2009 1/31/2009305,0325,032$4,587$0.91ENSTAR152152 Feb‐09 2/1/2009 2/28/2009273,7963,796$3,476$0.92ENSTAR152152 Mar‐09 3/1/2009 3/31/2009303,6233,623$3,321$0.92ENSTAR152152 Apr‐09 4/1/2009 4/13/2009141,2141,214$1,281$1.06ENSTAR152152 May‐09 4/14/2009 5/13/2009301,5241,524$1,592$1.04ENSTAR152152 Jun‐09 5/14/2009 6/11/2009291,0601,060$1,127$1.06ENSTAR152152 Jul‐09 6/12/2009 7/12/200931418418$483$1.16ENSTAR152152 Aug‐09 7/13/2009 8/11/200930674674$677$1.00ENSTAR152152 Sep‐09 8/12/2009 9/14/200934787787$854$1.09ENSTAR152152 Oct‐09 9/15/2009 10/12/2009281,4501,450$1,519$1.05ENSTAR152152 Nov‐09 10/13/2009 11/16/2009353,2423,242$3,316$1.02ENSTAR152152 Dec‐09 11/17/2009 12/10/2009243,0233,023$3,096$1.02ENSTAR152152Jan‐10 12/11/2009 1/10/2010313,4223,422$2,895$0.85ENSTAR152152 Feb‐10 1/11/2010 2/10/2010313,6803,680$3,109$0.84ENSTAR152152 Mar‐10 2/11/2010 3/14/2010323,1413,141$2,663$0.85ENSTAR152152 Apr‐10 3/15/2010 4/11/2010282,1252,125$1,842$0.87ENSTAR152152 May‐10 4/12/2010 5/16/2010351,9331,933$1,682$0.87ENSTAR152152 Jun‐10 5/17/2010 6/14/201028777777$716$0.92Jul ‐ 08 to Jun ‐ 09 total:26,20726,2070$23,027$0Jul ‐ 09 to Jun ‐ 10 total:24,67224,6720$22,852$0Jul ‐ 08 to Jun ‐ 09 avg:$0.89Jul ‐ 09 to Jun ‐ 10 avg:$0.96APPENDIX A CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANYSTERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT$0$500$1,000$1,500$2,000$2,500$3,000$3,500$4,000$4,500$5,00001,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,000Natural Gas Cost ($)Natural Gas Consumption (Therms)Date (Mon ‐Yr)Sterling Elementary ‐Natural Gas Consumption (Therms) vs. Natural Gas Cost ($)Natural Gas Consumption(Therms)Natural Gas Cost ($)APPENDIX A CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANYSTERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORTSterling ElementaryElectricityBtus/kWh =3,413Provider Customer # Month Start Date End Date Billing Days Consumption (kWh) Consumption (Therms) Demand Use Electric Cost ($) Unit Cost ($/kWh) Demand Cost ($)Homer Electric 285029 Jul‐08 7/8/2008 8/6/20083012,8804400$1,801$0.14Homer Electric 285029 Aug‐08 8/7/2008 9/9/20083425,4408680$3,446$0.14Homer Electric 285029 Sep‐08 9/10/2008 10/6/20082722,5607700$3,775$0.17Homer Electric 285029 Oct‐08 10/7/2008 11/6/20083126,80091580$4,423$0.17Homer Electric 285029 Nov‐08 11/7/2008 12/7/20083126,72091279$4,406$0.16Homer Electric 285029 Dec‐08 12/8/2008 1/7/20093127,52093983$5,628$0.20Homer Electric 285029 Jan‐09 1/8/2009 2/9/20093330,2401,03280$6,104$0.20Homer Electric 285029 Feb‐09 2/10/2009 3/9/20092824,16082578$4,976$0.21Homer Electric 285029 Mar‐09 3/10/2009 4/7/20092922,40076574$3,744$0.17Homer Electric 285029 Apr‐09 4/8/2009 5/6/20092922,08075473$3,692$0.17Homer Electric 285029 May‐09 5/7/2009 6/4/20092916,24055468$2,814$0.17Homer Electric 285029 Jun‐09 6/5/2009 7/8/2009349,68033021$1,562$0.16Homer Electric 285029 Jul‐09 7/9/2009 8/6/2009299,84033627$1,629$0.17Homer Electric 285029 Aug‐09 8/7/2009 9/7/20093217,44059564$3,003$0.17Homer Electric 285029 Sep‐099/8/2009 10/7/20093021,68074072$3,187$0.15Homer Electric 285029 Oct‐09 10/8/2009 11/4/20092822,48076774$3,307$0.15Homer Electric 285029 Nov‐09 11/5/2009 12/8/20093429,8401,01880$4,254$0.14Homer Electric 285029 Dec‐09 12/9/2009 1/6/20102922,32076282$2,946$0.13Homer Electric 285029 Jan‐10 1/7/2010 2/9/20103432,0001,09280$3,951$0.12Homer Electric 285029 Feb‐10 2/10/2010 3/7/20102622,48076775$2,909$0.13Homer Electric 285029 Mar‐10 3/8/2010 4/7/20103224,56083873$3,659$0.15Homer Electric 285029 Apr‐10 4/8/2010 5/6/20102923,76081172$3,545$0.15Homer Electric 285029 May‐10 5/7/2010 6/6/20103118,24062369$2,831$0.16Homer Electric 285029 Jun‐10 6/7/2010 7/8/20103112,16041531$1,794$0.15Jul ‐ 08 to Jun ‐ 09 total:266,7209,103636$46,371$0Jul ‐ 09 to Jun ‐ 10 total:256,8008,765800$37,015$0Jul ‐ 08 to Jun ‐ 09 avg:$0.17Jul ‐ 09 to Jun ‐ 10 avg:$0.15APPENDIX A CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANYSTERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT$0$1,000$2,000$3,000$4,000$5,000$6,000$7,00005,00010,00015,00020,00025,00030,00035,000Electric Cost ($)Electric Consumption (kWh)Date (Mon ‐Yr)Sterling Elementary ‐Electric Consumption (kWh) vs. Electric Cost ($)Electric Consumption (kWh)Electric Cost ($)APPENDIX A CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT APPENDIX B Appendix B AkWarm Building Simulation Short Report Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison AkWarm Commercial Audit Software Sterling Elementary Page 2 APPENDIX B ENERGY AUDIT REPORT – PROJECT SUMMARY – Created 12/1/2011 2:08 PM General Project Information PROJECT INFORMATION AUDITOR INFORMATION Building: Sterling Elementary Auditor Company: Central Alaska Engineering Co. Address: 35096 Sterling Highway, Sterling, AK Auditor Name: Jerry P. Herring City: Sterling Auditor Address: 32215 Lakefront Drive Soldotna, AK 99669 Client Name: Dave Spence Client Address: 139 East Park Avenue Soldotna, AK 99669 Auditor Phone: (907) 260‐5311 Auditor FAX: Client Phone: (907) 714‐8875 Auditor Comment: Client FAX: Design Data Building Area: 33,887 square feet Design Heating Load: Design Loss at Space: 1,110,106 Btu/hour with Distribution Losses: 1,168,533 Btu/hour Plant Input Rating assuming 82.0% Plant Efficiency and 25% Safety Margin: 1,781,300 Btu/hour Note: Additional Capacity should be added for DHW load, if served. Typical Occupancy: 0 people Design Indoor Temperature: 68 deg F (building average) Actual City: Sterling Design Outdoor Temperature: ‐23 deg F Weather/Fuel City: Sterling Heating Degree Days: 12,006 deg F‐days Utility Information Electric Utility: Homer Electric Assn (Homer) ‐ Commercial ‐ Lg Natural Gas Provider: Enstar Natural Gas ‐ Commercial ‐ Lg Average Annual Cost/kWh: $0.160/kWh Average Annual Cost/ccf: $0.930/ccf Annual Energy Cost Estimate Description Space Heating Space Cooling Water Heating Lighting Other Electrica l Cooking Clothes Drying Ventilation Fans Service Fees Total Cost Existing Building $24,176 $0 $3,873 $22,129 $9,850 $929 $37 $3,189 $0 $66,608 With Proposed Retrofits $17,823 $0 $2,583 $10,368 $9,850 $929 $37 $1,998 $0 $45,462 SAVINGS $6,354 $0 $1,290 $11,761 $0 $0 $0 $1,191 $0 $21,146 Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison AkWarm Commercial Audit Software Sterling Elementary Page 3 APPENDIX B $0 $20,000 $40,000 $60,000 $80,000 Existing Retrofit Ventilation and Fans Space Heating Refrigeration Other Electrical Lighting Domestic Hot Water Cooking Clothes Drying Annual Energy Costs by End Use Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison AkWarm Commercial Audit Software Sterling Elementary Page 4 APPENDIX B PRIORITY LIST – RECOMMENDED ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES Rank Feature Recommendation Annual Energy Savings Installed Cost SIR Payback (Years) 1 Refrigeration: Freezer Add new Seasonal Shutdown $82 $1 1003.88 0 2 Refrigeration: Vending Machine Add new Seasonal Shutdown $422 $200 25.93 0.5 3 Lighting: Parking Lot Lights Replace with 20 LED 80W Module StdElectronic $5,302 $20,000 3.25 3.8 4 Lighting: Exterior 150W HPS Replace with 5 LED 50W Module StdElectronic and Add new Occupancy Sensor $223 $1,975 1.39 8.8 5 Lighting: Library Replace with 30 FLUOR (4) T8 8' F96T8 54W Energy‐ Saver (2) HighEfficElectronic and Add new Occupancy Sensor $727 $7,290 1.22 10 6 Lighting: New Classrooms Replace with 115 FLUOR (3) T8 4' F32T8 28W Energy‐Saver Instant HighEfficElectronic and Add new Occupancy Sensor $1,200 $12,040 1.22 10 7 Setback Thermostat: Office Area Implement a Heating Temperature Unoccupied Setback to 60.0 deg F for the Office Area space. $68 $759 1.13 11.2 8 Setback Thermostat: Gym Implement a Heating Temperature Unoccupied Setback to 60.0 deg F for the Gym space. $428 $4,836 1.12 11.3 9 Setback Thermostat: Classrooms Implement a Heating Temperature Unoccupied Setback to 60.0 deg F for the Classrooms space. $1,413 $16,092 1.12 11.4 10 Lighting: 100W HPS Replace with 23 LED 35W Module StdElectronic and Add new Occupancy Sensor $820 $9,085 1.11 11.1 Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison AkWarm Commercial Audit Software Sterling Elementary Page 5 APPENDIX B PRIORITY LIST – RECOMMENDED ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES Rank Feature Recommendation Annual Energy Savings Installed Cost SIR Payback (Years) 11 Lighting: Gym Lights Replace with 26 FLUOR (5) T5 45.2" F28T5 28W High Lumen (3050 L) (2) HighLight HighEfficElectronic and Add new Occupancy Sensor, Multi‐Level Switch and Improve Manual Switching $1,480 $17,000 1.07 11.5 12 Lighting: Hallways/Offices Replace with 231 FLUOR (2) T8 4' F32T8 28W Energy‐Saver Instant HighEfficElectronic and Add new Occupancy Sensor $1,623 $24,000 0.83 14.8 13 Lighting: 50W HPS Replace with 20 LED 17W Module StdElectronic and Add new Occupancy Sensor $359 $7,900 0.56 22 14 Ventilation Add variable speed DDC System to ventilators/boilers @ $4/sq.ft. Assumed that 60% of total cost is attributed to ventilation with new controls on louvers, new sensors, and better feedback to DDC for all ventilation systems. Assumes $500 per motor for premium efficiency motors with installation. $3,578 $85,829 0.52 24 Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison AkWarm Commercial Audit Software Sterling Elementary Page 6 APPENDIX B PRIORITY LIST – RECOMMENDED ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES Rank Feature Recommendation Annual Energy Savings Installed Cost SIR Payback (Years) 15 HVAC And DHW Replace existing natural gas furnaces with 95% efficient natural gas boilers with indirect‐fired water heaters. Estimated $42,000 for new boilers, new indirect‐fired water heater, and new classroom unit ventilators system. Add variable speed DDC System to ventilators/boilers @ $4/sq.ft. Assumed that 20% of total cost is attributed to heating with new controls on louvers, new sensors, and better feedback to DDC. Assumes $500 per premium efficiency pump upgrade with installation. $2,549 $81,287 0.49 31.9 16 Exterior Remove existing door and install standard pre‐hung U‐0.16 insulated door, including hardware. $68 $3,904 0.39 57.4 17 On‐ or Below‐Grade Floor, Perimeter: Section 2 Install 2' of R‐10 rigid board insulation around perimeter of Slab (vertical or horizontal). $5 $282 0.35 62.6 18 On‐ or Below‐Grade Floor, Perimeter: Section 1 Install 2' of R‐10 rigid board insulation around perimeter of Slab (vertical or horizontal). $42 $2,659 0.35 62.6 19 On‐ or Below‐Grade Floor, Perimeter: Section 6 Install 2' of R‐10 rigid board insulation around perimeter of Slab (vertical or horizontal). $30 $1,892 0.35 62.7 20 On‐ or Below‐Grade Floor, Perimeter: Section 3 Install 2' of R‐10 rigid board insulation around perimeter of Slab (vertical or horizontal). $28 $1,733 0.35 62.7 21 On‐ or Below‐Grade Floor, Perimeter: Section 5 Install 2' of R‐10 rigid board insulation around perimeter of Slab (vertical or horizontal). $26 $1,645 0.35 62.7 Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison AkWarm Commercial Audit Software Sterling Elementary Page 7 APPENDIX B PRIORITY LIST – RECOMMENDED ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES Rank Feature Recommendation Annual Energy Savings Installed Cost SIR Payback (Years) 22 On‐ or Below‐Grade Floor, Perimeter: Section 4 Install 2' of R‐10 rigid board insulation around perimeter of Slab (vertical or horizontal). $16 $1,027 0.35 62.8 23 Window/Skylight: 1/4" NSFW Replace existing window with U‐0.30 vinyl window $329 $30,802 0.17 93.7 24 Window/Skylight: Vinyl SFW Replace existing window with U‐0.30 vinyl window $157 $16,013 0.16 102.2 25 Window/Skylight: 1/2" NSFW Replace existing window with U‐0.30 vinyl window $43 $4,849 0.14 112.4 26 Refrigeration: Freezer Replace with 2 Commercial Refrigerator/Freezer $45 $4,000 0.14 88 27 Lighting: Classroom Single Flourescent Replace with 24 FLUOR T8 4' F32T8 28W Energy‐ Saver Instant StdElectronic $27 $2,400 0.14 88.6 28 Window/Skylight: Storm Sash SFW Replace existing window with U‐0.30 vinyl window $33 $5,680 0.09 171.1 29 Exterior Door: Solid Doors Remove existing door and install standard pre‐hung U‐0.16 insulated door, including hardware. $23 $6,637 0.08 283.5 TOTAL $21,146 $371,818 0.74 17.6 ENERGY AUDIT REPORT – ENERGY EFFICIENT RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Building Envelope Insulation Rank Location Existing Type/R-Value Recommendation Type/R- Value Installed Cost Annual Energy Savings 17 On‐ or Below‐ Grade Floor, Perimeter: Section 2 Insulation for 0' to 2' Perimeter: None Insulation for 2' to 4' Perimeter: None Modeled R‐Value: 7.9 Install 2' of R‐10 rigid board insulation around perimeter of Slab (vertical or horizontal). $282 $5 18 On‐ or Below‐ Grade Floor, Perimeter: Section 1 Insulation for 0' to 2' Perimeter: None Insulation for 2' to 4' Perimeter: None Modeled R‐Value: 7.9 Install 2' of R‐10 rigid board insulation around perimeter of Slab (vertical or horizontal). $2,659 $42 Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison AkWarm Commercial Audit Software Sterling Elementary Page 8 APPENDIX B 19 On‐ or Below‐ Grade Floor, Perimeter: Section 6 Insulation for 0' to 2' Perimeter: None Insulation for 2' to 4' Perimeter: None Modeled R‐Value: 7.9 Install 2' of R‐10 rigid board insulation around perimeter of Slab (vertical or horizontal). $1,892 $30 20 On‐ or Below‐ Grade Floor, Perimeter: Section 3 Insulation for 0' to 2' Perimeter: None Insulation for 2' to 4' Perimeter: None Modeled R‐Value: 7.9 Install 2' of R‐10 rigid board insulation around perimeter of Slab (vertical or horizontal). $1,733 $28 21 On‐ or Below‐ Grade Floor, Perimeter: Section 5 Insulation for 0' to 2' Perimeter: None Insulation for 2' to 4' Perimeter: None Modeled R‐Value: 7.9 Install 2' of R‐10 rigid board insulation around perimeter of Slab (vertical or horizontal). $1,645 $26 22 On‐ or Below‐ Grade Floor, Perimeter: Section 4 Insulation for 0' to 2' Perimeter: None Insulation for 2' to 4' Perimeter: None Modeled R‐Value: 7.9 Install 2' of R‐10 rigid board insulation around perimeter of Slab (vertical or horizontal). $1,027 $16 Exterior Doors – Replacement Rank Location Size/Type/Condition Recommendation Installed Cost Annual Energy Savings 16 Exterior Door Type: Metal/PU half lite Modeled R‐Value: 3.3 Remove existing door and install standard pre‐hung U‐0.16 insulated door, including hardware. $3,904 $68 29 Exterior Door: Solid Doors Door Type: Metal ‐ urethane, therm. break Modeled R‐Value: 5.3 Remove existing door and install standard pre‐hung U‐0.16 insulated door, including hardware. $6,637 $23 Windows and Glass Doors – Replacement Rank Location Size/Type/Condition Recommendation Installed Cost Annual Energy Savings 23 Window/Skylight: 1/4" NSFW Glass: Double, glass Frame: Wood\Vinyl Spacing Between Layers: Quarter Inch Gas Fill Type: Air Modeled U‐Value: 0.56 Solar Heat Gain Coefficient: 0.46 Replace existing window with U‐0.30 vinyl window $30,802 $329 Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison AkWarm Commercial Audit Software Sterling Elementary Page 9 APPENDIX B 24 Window/Skylight: Vinyl SFW Glass: Double, glass Frame: Wood\Vinyl Spacing Between Layers: Quarter Inch Gas Fill Type: Air Modeled U‐Value: 0.56 Solar Heat Gain Coefficient: 0.46 Replace existing window with U‐0.30 vinyl window $16,013 $157 25 Window/Skylight: 1/2" NSFW Glass: Double, glass Frame: Wood\Vinyl Spacing Between Layers: Half Inch Gas Fill Type: Air Modeled U‐Value: 0.51 Solar Heat Gain Coefficient: 0.46 Replace existing window with U‐0.30 vinyl window $4,849 $43 28 Window/Skylight: Storm Sash SFW Glass: Double glass with storm Frame: Wood\Vinyl Spacing Between Layers: Quarter Inch Gas Fill Type: Air Modeled U‐Value: 0.40 Solar Heat Gain Coefficient: 0.41 Replace existing window with U‐0.30 vinyl window $5,680 $33 Air Leakage Rank Location Estimated Air Leakage Recommended Air Leakage Target Installed Cost Annual Energy Savings 2. Mechanical Equipment Mechanical Rank Recommendation Installed Cost Annual Energy Savings 15 Replace existing natural gas furnaces with 95% efficient natural gas boilers with indirect‐fired water heaters. Estimated $42,000 for new boilers, new indirect‐fired water heater, and new classroom unit ventilators system. Add variable speed DDC System to ventilators/boilers @ $4/sq.ft. Assumed that 20% of total cost is attributed to heating with new controls on louvers, new sensors, and better feedback to DDC. Assumes $500 per premium efficiency pump upgrade with installation. $81,287 $2,549 Setback Thermostat Rank Location Size/Type/Condition Recommendation Installed Cost Annual Energy Savings Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison AkWarm Commercial Audit Software Sterling Elementary Page 10 APPENDIX B 7 Office Area Existing Unoccupied Heating Setpoint: 64.0 deg F Implement a Heating Temperature Unoccupied Setback to 60.0 deg F for the Office Area space. $759 $68 8 Gym Existing Unoccupied Heating Setpoint: 64.0 deg F Implement a Heating Temperature Unoccupied Setback to 60.0 deg F for the Gym space. $4,836 $428 9 Classrooms Existing Unoccupied Heating Setpoint: 64.0 deg F Implement a Heating Temperature Unoccupied Setback to 60.0 deg F for the Classrooms space. $16,092 $1,413 Ventilation Rank Recommendation Cost Annual Energy Savings 14 Add variable speed DDC System to ventilators/boilers @ $4/sq.ft. Assumed that 60% of total cost is attributed to ventilation with new controls on louvers, new sensors, and better feedback to DDC for all ventilation systems. Assumes $500 per motor for premium efficiency motors with installation. $85,829 $3,578 3. Appliances and Lighting Lighting Fixtures and Controls Rank Location Existing Recommended Installed Cost Annual Energy Savings 3 Parking Lot Lights 20 HPS 250 Watt Magnetic with Daylight Sensor Replace with 20 LED 80W Module StdElectronic $20,000 $5,302 4 Exterior 150W HPS 5 HPS 150 Watt Magnetic with Manual Switching Replace with 5 LED 50W Module StdElectronic and Add new Occupancy Sensor $1,975 $223 5 Library 30 FLUOR (4) T8 8' F96T8 59W Standard (2) StdElectronic with Manual Switching Replace with 30 FLUOR (4) T8 8' F96T8 54W Energy‐ Saver (2) HighEfficElectronic and Add new Occupancy Sensor $7,290 $727 6 New Classrooms 115 FLUOR (3) T8 4' F32T8 32W Standard Instant StdElectronic with Manual Switching Replace with 115 FLUOR (3) T8 4' F32T8 28W Energy‐ Saver Instant HighEfficElectronic and Add new Occupancy Sensor $12,040 $1,200 10 100W HPS 23 HPS 100 Watt Magnetic with Manual Switching Replace with 23 LED 35W Module StdElectronic and Add new Occupancy Sensor $9,085 $820 Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison AkWarm Commercial Audit Software Sterling Elementary Page 11 APPENDIX B 11 Gym Lights 26 MH 250 Watt Magnetic with Manual Switching Replace with 26 FLUOR (5) T5 45.2" F28T5 28W High Lumen (3050 L) (2) HighLight HighEfficElectronic and Add new Occupancy Sensor, Multi‐Level Switch and Improve Manual Switching $17,000 $1,480 12 Hallways/Offices 231 FLUOR (2) T8 4' F32T8 32W Standard Instant StdElectronic with Manual Switching Replace with 231 FLUOR (2) T8 4' F32T8 28W Energy‐ Saver Instant HighEfficElectronic and Add new Occupancy Sensor $24,000 $1,623 13 50W HPS 20 HPS 50 Watt Magnetic with Manual Switching Replace with 20 LED 17W Module StdElectronic and Add new Occupancy Sensor $7,900 $359 27 Classroom Single Flourescent 24 FLUOR T8 4' F32T8 32W Standard Instant StdElectronic with Manual Switching Replace with 24 FLUOR T8 4' F32T8 28W Energy‐Saver Instant StdElectronic $2,400 $27 Refrigeration Rank Location Existing Recommended Installed Cost Annual Energy Savings 1 Freezer 2 Commercial Refrigerator/Freezer Add new Seasonal Shutdown $1 $82 2 Vending Machine 2 Vending Machine Add new Seasonal Shutdown $200 $422 26 Freezer 2 Commercial Refrigerator/Freezer Replace with 2 Commercial Refrigerator/Freezer $4,000 $45 Other Electrical Equipment Rank Location Existing Recommended Installed Cost Annual Energy Savings Cooking/Clothes Drying Rank Recommended Installed Cost Annual Energy Savings CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT APPENDIX C Appendix C Major Equipment Inventory CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANYSTERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORTTAG LOCATIONFUNCTIONMAKE MODELTYPECAPACITY EFFICIENCY MOTOR SIZEASHRAE SERVICE LIFEESTIMATED REMAINING USEFUL LIFENOTESFUR-1 NORTH WING BUILDING HEAT LENNOX G12RQ5-165 FORCED AIR FURNACE 165 MBH85% N/A180FUR-2 NORTH WING BUILDING HEAT LENNOX G12RQ5-165 FORCED AIR FURNACE 165 MBH85% N/A180B-1 MECH ROOM BUILDING HEAT WEIL-MCLAIN LGB-7 NAT GAS / CAST IRON 780 MBH85% N/A303B-2 MECH ROOM BUILDING HEAT WEIL-MCLAIN H-686-W-S NAT GAS / CAST IRON 1,428 MBH80.4% N/A303WH-1 NORTH WING DOMESTIC HOT WATER STATE PR650NRRT5W STORAGE WH65 MBH85% N/A3023WH-2 MECH ROOM DOMESTIC HOT WATER A.O. SMITH BTR 197 STORAGE WH199 MBH85% N/A3019PMP-1 MECH ROOM B-1 CIRC PUMP GRUNDFOS UPS 65-160INLINE70 GPM @ 25'-1 HP100PMP-15 MECH ROOM B-1 CIRC PUMP GRUNDFOS UPS 65-160INLINE70 GPM @ 25'-1 HP100PMP-2 MECH ROOM B-2 CIRC PUMP GRUNDFOS UPC 50-160INLINE40 GPM @ 28'-0.5 HP100PMP-25 MECH ROOM B-2 CIRC PUMP GRUNDFOS UPS 50-160INLINE40 GPM @ 28'-0.5 HP100DWHP-1 NORTH WING WH-1 CIRC PUMP GRUNDFOS UP 26-96 BFINLINE18 GPM- 0.25 HP100DWHP-2 MECH ROOM WH-2 CIRC PUMP GRUNDFOS UP 25-64 SFINLINE5 GPM- 0.05 HP104AHU-1 MECH ROOMSUPPLY AIRPACE A 20 AFHORIZONTAL 6,500 CFM @ 2" NEMA 3 HP250AHU-2 MECH ROOMSUPPLY AIRPACE A 12 FCHORIZONTAL 2,500 CFM @ 1.5" NEMA 1.5 HP250AHU-3 MECH ROOMSUPPLY AIRPACE A 22 AFHORIZONTAL 7,500 CFM @ 1.5" NEMA 3 HP250F-1 MECH ROOMSUPPLY AIRPENN Z-12 TD CENTRIFUGAL 800 CFM @ 0.25" NEMA 280 W250EF-1 MECH ROOM EXHAUST AIRPACE U-11FHORIZONTAL 1,000 CFM @ 0.5" NEMA 0.25 HP250EF-2 VARIOUSEXHAUST AIRPENNZ-10UPBLAST250 CFM @ 0.38" NEMA 130 W250EF-3 TOILETSEXHAUST AIRPENN-UPBLAST700 CFM @ 0.5" NEMA 0.17 HP250EF-4 MECH ROOM EXHAUST AIRPENN Z-10 TDUPBLAST250 CFM @ 0.38" NEMA 130 W250CUV CLASSROOMS SUPPLY / RETURN AIR NESBITTHORIZONTAL500 CFMNEMA 600 W250MAJOR EQUIPMENT INVENTORYAPPENDIX C CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT APPENDIX D Appendix D Site Visit Photos CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT APPENDIX D 1. Window type found on front of school. 2. Example of window air gap on front of school. 3. Doors typical of school. 4. Portable classroom unit. 5. Generator fuel supply tank. 6. Exterior light fixture typical of school. 7. Exterior recessed lights at school entrance. 8. North wing furnace. CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT APPENDIX D 9. North wing DHW heater. 10. Circulation pumps typical of school. 11. Boiler #1. 12. Boiler #2. 13. Mechanical room DHW heater. 14. Classroom zone air-handling unit. CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT APPENDIX D 15. Pneumatic control panel. 16. Unit heater typical of school. 17. Unit heater rear view. 18. Southern roof overview. 19. West roof overview. 20. East roof overview. CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT APPENDIX D 21. Roof mounted exhaust fan typical of school. 22. Entrance lighting fixtures. 23. Typical classroom lighting and equipment. 24. Gymnasium light fixtures. 25. Nuclear exit sign typical of school. 26. Beverage vending machine. CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT APPENDIX D 27. Teachers’ lounge refrigerator. 28. Kitchen commercial refrigerator. CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT APPENDIX E Appendix E Thermal Site Visit Photos CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT APPENDIX E 1. School entrance. There is less heat loss around the insulated sections of the building, such as the (A) walls and the (B) non-windowed section of doors. Heat loss is higher through areas with less insulation, as seen in the (C) windows and frames. 2. (A) North wing exterior door. Heat loss is highest around frame of door. 3. (A) Windows on front of school. Heat loss is expected. (B) Hot spot above windows is caused by residual heat in the exterior light. A B C A B A CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT APPENDIX E 4. East side of building. (A) Heat loss is highest at windows and (B) along slab edge. 5. (A) Slab edge heat loss. (B) Wall studs can be seen as these allow for higher heat loss than the insulation surrounding them. 6. Overview of gymnasium, (A) unusual hot spot near roof. B A A B A CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT APPENDIX E 7. (A) Close-up of gymnasium heat loss spot. Possibly from sloughed insulation. 8. (A) Heat loss from soffit. (B) Residual heat from light. 9. Northern portable classroom unit, (A) heat loss surrounding door is expected. A A B A CENTRAL ALASKA ENGINEERING COMPANY STERLING ELEMENTARY ENERGY AUDIT REPORT APPENDIX E 10. Heat loss from northern portable unit (A) windows and (B) roof. A B