HomeMy WebLinkAboutCIRI-TKA-CAEC Talkeetna Elementary School 2012-EEENERGY AUDIT FINAL REPORT
Talkeetna Elementary School
Mile 14 Talkeetna Spur Road
Talkeetna, AK 99676
p (907) 733-9400
AkWarm ID No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02
800 F Street
Anchorage, AK 99501
p (907) 276-6664 f (907) 276-5042
Contact: Walter Heins, PE, CCP, CxA, CEA
32215 Lakefront Dr.
Soldotna, Alaska 99669
p (907) 260-5311
Contact: Jerry P. Herring, PE, CEA
Talkeetna Elementary School Final Energy Audit Report
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Contents
I. Executive Summary .................................................................................................................. 1
II. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 3
III. Energy Audit Process ............................................................................................................. 4
IV. Method of Analysis ................................................................................................................. 5
V. Building Description ................................................................................................................ 6
V.I SCHOOL ARCHITECTURAL DESCRIPTION .............................................................................................................. 6
V.II MECHANICAL DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................... 6
V.III ELECTRICAL DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................................ 7
VI. Historic Energy Consumption and Cost............................................................................... 8
VI.I ELECTRICAL CONSUMPTION DATA ..................................................................................................................... 8
VI.II FUEL OIL CONSUMPTION DATA ........................................................................................................................ 8
VI.III OVERALL ENERGY CONSUMPTION DATA ......................................................................................................... 8
VII. Equipment Inventory and Photo Survey .......................................................................... 10
VIII. Energy Conservation Measures ....................................................................................... 11
VIII.I SCHOOL ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES ............................................................................................... 11
VIII.II ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION AND OPTIMIZATION ......................................... 14
Appendices
Appendix A – Energy Benchmark Data
Appendix B – AkWarm Commercial Reports
Appendix C – Major Equipment List
Appendix D – Energy Conservation Measures
Appendix E – Site Survey Photos
Appendix F – Thermographic Photos
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Abbreviations
AHFC Alaska Housing & Finance Corporation
ARRA American Recovery & Reinvestment Act
ASD Anchorage School District
ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers
BTU British Thermal Unit
CCF One Hundred Cubic Feet
CFM Cubic Feet per Minute
DDC Direct Digital Control
ECI Energy Cost Index
ECM Energy Conservation Measure
EPDM Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer
EUI Energy Utilization Index
F Fahrenheit
HP horsepower
HPS High Pressure Sodium
HVAC Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning
IPLC Integrated Power & Load Circuit
kWh kilowatt-hour
LED Light-Emitting Diode
O&M Operations & Maintenance
sf square feet
SIR Savings-to-Investment Ratio
V Volts
W Watts
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List of Figures
Fig. 1 – Energy Audit Clients ....................................................................................................................... 1
Fig. 2 – Energy Benchmark Data .................................................................................................................. 1
Fig. 3. Talkeetna, Alaska – Google Maps ..................................................................................................... 3
Fig. 4. Talkeetna Elementary School – Google Maps .................................................................................. 3
List of Tables
Table 1. Recommended Energy Conservation Measures For Talkeetna Elementary School ....................... 2
Table 2. Energy Cost and Consumption Data ............................................................................................... 8
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REPORT DISCLAIMER
Privacy
The information contained within this report, including any attachment(s), was produced under contract to Alaska
Housing Finance Corporation (AHFC). IGAs are the property of the State of Alaska, and may be incorporated into
AkWarm-C, the Alaska Retrofit Information System (ARIS), or other state and/or public information systems.
AkWarm-C is a building energy modeling software developed under contract by AHFC.
Limitations of Study
This energy audit is intended to identify and recommend potential areas of energy savings, estimate the value of the
savings, and provide an opinion of the costs to implement the recommendations. This audit meets the criteria of a
Level 2 Investment Grade Audit (IGA) per the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, Air-conditioning
Engineers (ASHRAE) and the Association of Energy Engineers (AEE), and is valid for one year. The life of the IGA
may be extended on a case-by-case basis, at the discretion of AHFC. In preparing this report, the preparers acted
with the standard of care prevalent in this region for this type of work. All results are dependent on the quality of
input data provided. Not all data could be verified and no destructive testing or investigations were undertaken.
Some data may have been incomplete.
This report is not intended to be a final design document. Any modifications or changes made to a building to realize
the savings must be designed and implemented by licensed, experienced professionals in their fields. Lighting
upgrades should undergo a thorough lighting analysis to assure that the upgrades will comply with State of Alaska
Statutes as well as Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) recommendations. All liabilities for upgrades, including
but not limited to safety, design, and performance are incumbent upon the professional(s) who prepare the design.
Coffman Engineers, Inc (CEI) and Central Alaska Engineering Company (CAEC) bear no responsibility for work
performed as a result of this report.
Financial ratios may vary from those forecasted due to the uncertainty of the final installed design, configuration,
equipment selected, installation costs, related additional work, or the operating schedules and maintenance provided
by the owner. Furthermore, many ECMs are interactive, so implementation of one ECM may impact the
performance of another ECM. CEI and CAEC accept no liability for financial loss due to ECMs that fail to meet the
forecasted financial ratios.
The economic analyses for the ECMs relating to lighting improvements are based solely on energy savings.
Additional benefits may be realized in reduced maintenance cost, deferred maintenance, and improved lighting
quality. The new generation lighting systems have significantly longer life leading to long term labor savings,
especially in high areas like Gyms and exterior parking lots. Lighting upgrades displace re-lamping costs for any
fixtures whose lamps would otherwise be nearing the end of their lifecycle. This reduces maintenance costs for 3-7
years after the upgrade. An overall improvement in lighting quality, quantified by numerous studies, improves the
performance of students and workers in the built environment. New lighting systems can be designed to address all
of the above benefits.
US Government Disclaimer:
This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy under Award Number DE-EE0000095.
This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither
the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or
implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any
information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned
rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark,
manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring
by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not
necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.
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I. Executive Summary
This report presents the findings of an energy audit conducted at Talkeetna Elementary School as part of a
contract for:
Alaska Housing Finance Corporation
Contact: Rebekah Luhrs
4300 Boniface Parkway
Anchorage, AK 99510
Email: rluhrs@ahfc.us
Matanuska-Susitna Borough School
District
Contact: Rick Jensen
501 N Gulkana St
Palmer, AK 99645
Email: ricky.jensen@matsuk12.us
Fig. 1 – Energy Audit Clients
This audit was performed using American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) funds to promote the
use of innovation and technology to solve energy and environmental problems in a way that improves the
State of Alaska’s economy. This can be achieved through the wiser and more efficient use of energy.
The average January 2009-December 2010 documented annual utility costs at this facility are as follows:
Electricity $29,500
Fuel Oil #2 $36,916
Total $66,416
January 2009-December 2010 Energy Utilization Index (EUI) = 82.1 kBtu/sf
January 2009-December 2010 Energy Cost Index = 2.09 $/sf
Fig. 2 – Energy Benchmark Data
Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) calculated to be cost effective are shown below in the Executive
Summary Table with the energy analyst’s best opinion of probable cost, savings, and investment returns.
Be aware that the measures are not additive because of the interrelation of several of the measures. The
cost of each measure for this level of auditing is ± 30% until detailed engineering, specifications, and hard
proposals are obtained. See section VIII for detailed descriptions of all cost effective ECMs.
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Table 1. Recommended Energy Conservation Measures For Talkeetna Elementary School
Executive Summary – Recommended ECMs
Talkeetna Elementary School (TES)
Rank Feature Recommendation Annual Energy
Savings
Installed
Cost
SIR Payback
(Years)
TES-0a Refrigerators Replace residential & light
commercial
refrigerators/freezers older
than 5 years old
-- - <10
TES-1 Ventilation Install CO2 Sensors in
main return air ducts of
AHU-1 and AHU-2
$6,164 $10,000 8.24 1.6
TES-2 Lighting:
Classrooms
and Library
Add new Occupancy
Sensors
$653 $2,702 3.54 4.1
TES-3 Lighting:
Offices
Add new Occupancy
Sensors
$147 $1,000 2.15 6.8
TES-4 Lighting:
Gym
Replace Metal Halide
Lighting with (6) T5 45.2"
F54W/T5 HO Standard (2)
StdElectronic with Mult-
Level Switching and
Remove T12 Lighting in
Gymnasium. Add new
Occupancy Sensors in
Gymnasium and P.E.
Storage Rooms
$1,549 $13,900 1.63 9.0
TES-5 Air
Tightening
Perform air sealing to
reduce air leakage by 20%.
$798 $7,000 1.06 8.8
TES-6 Lighting:
Restrooms
Add new Occupancy
Sensors
$89 $1,280 1.01 14.4
Notes:
a Due to advances in refrigerators in the previous 5 years, new Energy Star refrigerators are much more efficient and
result in viable energy savings.
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II. Introduction
This energy audit was conducted at Talkeetna Elementary School (TES) for AHFC and the Matanuska-
Susitna Borough School District. The school is a 31,844 square foot (sf) campus that includes classrooms,
restrooms, administrative offices, a library, and a multipurpose room. The location of the school is shown
in the following regional and overhead images. The energy audit was conducted in order to evaluate areas
and equipment where energy savings can be realized. The savings are then compared to a baseline and
evaluated for reasonable project financial ratios and payback.
Fig. 3. Talkeetna, Alaska – Google Maps
Fig. 4. Talkeetna Elementary School – Google Maps
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III. Energy Audit Process
Prior to visiting the school, the first task was to collect and review two years of utility data for electricity
and fuel oil usage. This information was used to analyze operational characteristics, calculate energy
benchmarks for comparison to industry averages, estimate savings potential and establish a baseline to
monitor the effectiveness of implemented energy conservation measures. A spreadsheet was used to enter,
sum, and calculate benchmarks and to graph energy use information (see Appendix A). The primary
benchmark calculation used for comparison and baseline data is the Energy Utilization Index, or EUI (see
Section VI).
After gathering the utility data and calculating the EUI, the next step in the audit process was to review
the architectural and engineering drawings to develop a building profile which documented building age,
type, usage, and major energy consuming equipment or systems such as lighting, Heating, Ventilating,
and Air Conditioning (HVAC), water heating, refrigeration, snow-melt, and etc. The building profile is
utilized to generate, and answer, all possible questions regarding the facility’s energy usage. These
questions were then compared to the energy usage profiles developed during the utility data gathering
step. After this information was gathered, the next step in the process was to conduct a site survey.
A site survey was completed on November 28, 2011. The audit included inspecting the building systems
that impact energy consumption and answering questions from our preliminary review of the school. Our
on-site contact during the investigation was Mr. Rick Jensen of the Matanuska-Susitna Borough School
District (MSBSD) Maintenance Department1. The following information was also collected while on site:
occupancy schedules, O&M practices, building energy management program, and other information that
has an impact on energy consumption.
The following energy audit includes an evaluation of the information gathered, the researching of possible
conservation opportunities, organizing the energy audit into a comprehensive report, and making ECM
recommendations for mechanical, electrical, and building envelope improvements.
1 Mr. Rick Jensen, (907) 354-0348 (mobile), (907) 864-2007 (office)
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IV. Method of Analysis
Having completed the preliminary energy audit tasks, Coffman Engineers, Inc., (CEI) conducted a site
survey. The site survey provides critical input in deciphering where energy savings opportunities exist
within a facility. The audit team from CEI walked the entire site to inventory and investigate the building
envelope and major equipment, including: HVAC, water heating, lighting, and equipment located in the
kitchen, offices, and classrooms. An understanding of how the equipment is used is determined during the
site survey.
The collected data was entered into AkWarm Commercial™ software, an energy calculating program for
buildings. The data was processed by AkWarm to model a baseline from which ECMs could be
considered. The model was compared to actual utility costs to ensure the quality of the baseline and
proposed energy modeling performed by AkWarm. The recommended ECMs focus on the building
envelope, HVAC, lighting, water heating, and other electrical measures that will reduce annual energy
consumption.
ECMs are evaluated based on building use and processes, local climate conditions, building construction
type, function, operational schedule, existing conditions, and foreseen future plans. When new equipment
is proposed, energy consumption is calculated based on the manufacturer’s cataloged information. Energy
savings are calculated by AkWarm.
Implementation of more than one ECM often affects the savings of other ECMs. The savings may in
some cases be relatively higher for an ECM implemented individually than when that ECM is just one of
multiple recommended ECMs. For example, implementing reduced operating schedules of inefficient
lighting systems may result in a given savings. Also implementing a more efficient lighting system will
add to the savings, but less than the efficient lighting would alone because there is less energy to be saved
when the lights are on a reduced operating schedule. Thus, if multiple ECM’s are recommended, the
combined savings are calculated and identified appropriately in groups.
In Appendix D, Energy Conservation Measures, the simple lifetime calculation is shown for each ECM,
which is based on the typical life of the equipment being replaced or altered. The energy savings are
extrapolated throughout the simple lifetime of the ECM. The total energy savings is calculated as the total
lifetime multiplied by the yearly energy savings.
The cost savings and installation costs are used to calculate simple payback2 and the Savings to
Investment Ratio3 (SIR). These are listed in Appendix D and summarized in the Executive Summary
Table of this report. The SIR is calculated as a ratio by dividing the break even cost by the initial installed
cost. Cost savings is calculated based on the historical energy costs for the building. Installation costs
include labor and equipment to evaluate the initial investment required to implement an ECM. These are
applied to each recommendation with simple paybacks calculated. The energy analyst’s opinions of
probable cost are garnered from RS Means Cost Data, other industry publications, and local contractors
and suppliers. In addition, where applicable, maintenance cost savings are estimated and applied to the net
savings.
2 The simple payback is based on the years that it takes for the net savings to payback the net installation cost (Cost
divided by Savings).
3 Savings to Investment Ratio (SIR): Break Even Cost divided by initial installed cost, where Break-Even Cost is
how much can be spent and still have the measure be cost effective; it equals the Present Value (PV) of Savings over
the life of the measure minus PV of maintenance costs.
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V. Building Description
Talkeetna Elementary School, originally constructed in 1964, is a single story building. The school
underwent extensive renovations in 2000 to enlarge the school, reinforce the existing walls, and install
new mechanical equipment. The school is regularly occupied by approximately 124 people, Monday
through Friday, from 7 a.m. to 5 p.m. during the school year with afterschool activities lasting until 9 p.m.
The school year starts in August and ends in May. The school is shut down during the summer.
V.I School Architectural Description
Wall, floor, and roof construction details were obtained from the architectural drawings. During the
school’s renovation in 2000, most of the existing exterior walls were demolished and rebuilt using new
materials. The few remaining 2x4 exterior walls on the east and southeast classrooms had an additional
2x2 wall furring added for structural strength and new R-19 fiberglass batt was installed. The new above
grade classroom walls of the Talkeetna Elementary School are constructed of 2x6 studs on 16-inch (”)
centers with 5.5” thick R-19 fiberglass batt insulation, plywood sheathing, an infiltration barrier,
cementitious lap siding, and 4” split face CMU wainscot on the bottom half of the exterior walls for a
composite R-value of R-16.7. The plenum return walls are the same construction as the classroom walls
with the exception of the 4 in CMU wainscot; the composite R-value for the plenum walls are an R-16.7.
The multipurpose walls are constructed of metal studs on 16” centers with R-13 fiberglass batt insulation,
furring channels on 48” centers horizontally with 2” rigid insulation, and split faced CMU blocks on the
exterior for a composite R-value of R-23.1. There is a total of 22,900 sf of total wall area, with 11,592 sf
of wall area belonging to the multipurpose room.
The 25,972 sf main floor consists of 4” thick concrete slab-on-grade construction. Below grade
foundation walls for the classroom areas are constructed of 8” poured concrete with 4” rigid insulation on
the exterior face of the walls for a composite R-value of R-18.4. The foundation walls for the
multipurpose room consist of 12 in CMU with 2” of rigid insulation on the interior side of the foundation
walls, for a composite R-value of R-14.7. There is an additional 5,872 sf of plenum spaces and fan room
areas on the second floor of the building. There is 31,844 sf of usable floor area in the building.
The roof construction for the school consists of ballast pavers, filter fabric, 6” of extruded polystyrene
rigid insulation, an EPDM membrane, and wood or metal roof decking. While the roof insulation could
not be accessed, it was estimated that the composite R-value for the roof system is R-33. There is 29,716
sf of roofing on the school building.
Typical window construction consists of ½” air space, double pane glass with vinyl frames. Both fixed
windows and operable windows were observed. An insulating value of R-2.0 was estimated for the
classroom windows. The vestibule area of the school has 2’x7’ double paned glass panels, with vinyl
frames, on either side of the doors and three of the exit doors have a 2’x7’ glass panel on one side, all
with an estimated insulating value of R-2. There is a total of 791 sf of window area, with 271 sf of south
facing window area.
The school has two different types of insulated exterior doors. The school has 10 insulated, solid metal
doors (R-2.5), three half-sized, insulated, solid metal doors (R-2.5), and three insulated, solid metal doors
with half lights (R-2.2). There is a total of 292 sf of door area.
V.II Mechanical Description
The school building is heated by two oil-fired Weil McLain 688 boilers, each with an input of 11.8
gallons per hour (GPH). Each boiler is equipped with a Gordon-Piatt R8 2-0-07 burner with a firing rate
of 11.8 GPH. The boilers are connected to a boiler loop that delivers heat to the fin tubes, unit heaters,
and hydronic heating coils in the supply air fans. Fuel oil is stored outside in an above grade 5,000 gallon
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storage tank and an above grade 500 gallon storage tank. The 500 gallon storage tank provides fuel oil to
the electric generator while the 5,000 gallon tank provides fuel oil to the heating equipment and water
heater. A day tank is located inside the boiler room. The boilers are 11 years old and appear to be well
maintained.
There are two air handler units (AHUs) in the school that provide tempered ventilation air to the
classrooms and office spaces, the multipurpose room, the boiler room, and the kitchen. Both AHUs utilize
hydronic heating coils to heat the supply air. AHU-1, a variable air volume (VAV) system with variable
frequency drive motor controls, provides heating and ventilation air to the classroom and office spaces.
Ventilation air is then supplied to each space through VAV terminal boxes, each equipped with a reheat
coil, to control the amount of tempered air supplied to each space. These spaces are also heated using fin
tube radiators. AHU-2, a constant volume system with a two-speed fan motor, serves the multipurpose
rooms and associated areas.
The domestic hot water for the building is supplied by an oil-fired A.O. Smith COF-140-720 water heater
with a storage capacity of 140 gallons and an input of 5.14 GPH. The water heater is equipped with a
Power Flame burner with a firing rate of 5.14 GPH. The domestic hot water is re-circulated throughout
the school using a small circulation pump.
The school is controlled by a Direct Digital Control (DDC) management system. This system controls the
ventilation system, the heating system, and the lights for the building. The DDC system has a
programmed night setback temperature of 65F for the school.
V.III Electrical Description
The School is served by a 1200 Amp (A), 120/208 Volt (V), three-phase, four-wire, underground
electrical service connected to a pad-mounted utility transformer. The school has a standby diesel
generator used to power selected loads in the event of a power outage. The lighting levels throughout the
school were observed to be adequate and within the suggested lighting levels from the Illumination
Engineering Society of North America (IESNA).
Most fluorescent light fixtures in the school utilize T8 lamps and electronic ballasts. The fluorescent light
fixtures are controlled by both wall switches and occupancy sensors. Only one night light was observed in
a small office during the site visit.
The only incandescent light fixture observed was in a restroom shower.
The gymnasium is illuminated with several 400 watt (W) high bay metal halide light fixtures. The gym is
split into four zones; each zone is controlled by a separate switch. Fluorescent T12 light fixtures are
located in the gymnasium and function as un-switched night lights that are powered by the standby
electrical system.
Exterior lighting consists of 50W canopy lights, 100W canopy lights, 100W wallpack light fixtures, and
400W pole mounted parking lot lights. All of the lighting is metal halide (MH). These lights are currently
controlled by an on/off photo switch that turns the lights off during the day.
Other electricity-using equipment not previously described in the mechanical or electrical sections include
a microwave, a walk in freezer and refrigerator, various other kitchen equipment, and various user
equipment such as projectors, computers, and printers.
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VI. Historic Energy Consumption and Cost
Tables provided in Appendix A, Energy Benchmark Data Report, represent the electric and fuel oil
energy usage for the surveyed facility from January 2009 to December 2010. Matanuska Electric
Association provides the electricity and Marathon Oil provides the fuel oil to the building. Both utility
companies bill the facility using a commercial rate schedule. The actual utility bills were not provided to
be able to verify the data received to assure 100 percent accuracy of the data.
The AkWarm model of the facility was built to match the facility’s average annual electric and heating oil
consumption, so that a realistic model could be created. The monthly energy consumption of the AkWarm
model matches the actual average monthly consumption of the facility within 25%, which is adequate for
this level of modeling. Overall, the energy consumption trends of the AkWarm model and the actual
facility match appropriately. Graphical representations of the monthly energy consumption are included
in Appendix A.
VI.I Electrical Consumption Data
The electric utility costs consist of several components: a fixed monthly customer charge, an energy usage
charge, fuel surcharge, taxes, and a demand charge. The energy usage and fuel surcharge are based on the
customer's usage as measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh). The usage (kWh) is determined by load wattage
divided by 1,000, times hours running. For example, a 1,000 watt load operating for one hour will use 1
kWh of electricity as would ten, 100 watt lamps operating for one hour or one, 100W lamp operating for
10 hours. One kWh is equivalent to 3,413 BTU. Utility data used in this report reflects the historical data
provided for the building in a summarized format.
VI.II Fuel Oil Consumption Data
The fuel oil company delivers fuel monthly to fill the tanks and charges for gallons delivered. The
average heat value of fuel oil #2 is 132,000 BTUs per gallon. Fuel oil is sold to the customer in units of
gallons which is equal to approximately 1.32 Therms of energy, or 132,000 BTUs.
VI.III Overall Energy Consumption Data
The overall cost for energy use is calculated by dividing the total cost by the total usage. Based on the
electric and fuel oil utility data provided, the average cost for the energy and consumption calculations at
the surveyed facility are summarized in the table below.
Table 2. Energy Cost and Consumption Data
Energy Cost and Consumption Data
2009 2010 Average
Electric 0.14 $/kWh 0.12 $/kWh 0.13 $/kWh
#2 Fuel Oil 2.39 $/Gal 2.87 $/Gal 2.63$/Gal
Total Cost $71,681 $61,151 $66,416
ECI 2.25 $/sf 1.92 $/sf 2.09 $/sf
Electric EUI 24.8 kBtu/sf 23.4 kBtu/sf 24.1 kBtu/sf
#2 Fuel Oil EUI 66.0 kBtu/sf 50.0 kBtu/sf 58.0 kBtu/sf
Building EUI 90.8 kBtu/sf 73.4 kBtu/sf 82.1 kBtu/sf
The Energy Cost Index (ECI) is derived by dividing the annual cost by the building square footage. The
building square footage was calculated to be approximately 31,844 square feet. This area includes the
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main floor area at 25,972 sf in addition to the 5,872 sf of fan room areas and mechanical plenum spaces
on the second floor of the building.
The annual EUI is expressed in Thousands of British Thermal Units per Square Foot (kBtu/sf) and can be
used to compare energy consumption of similar building types or to track consumption from year to year
in the same building. The EUI is calculated by converting annual consumption of all fuels used to Btu’s
and then dividing by the area (gross conditioned square footage) of the building. EUI is a good indicator
of the relative potential for energy savings. A comparatively low EUI indicates less potential for large
energy savings. Building architectural, mechanical, and electrical drawings were obtained and utilized to
calculate and verify the gross area of the facility. The gross area was confirmed on the physical site
investigation.
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VII. Equipment Inventory and Photo Survey
Following the completion of the field survey a detailed equipment list was created and is attached as
Appendix C. The major equipment listed are considered to be the major energy consuming equipment in
the building whose replacement could yield substantial energy savings.
An approximate age was assigned to the equipment if a manufactured date was not shown on the
equipment’s nameplate. As listed in the 2011 ASHRAE Handbook for HVAC Applications, Chapter 37,
Table 4, the service life for the equipment along with the remaining useful life in accordance to the
ASHRAE standard are also noted in the equipment list.
Where there are zero (0) years remaining in the estimated useful life of a piece of equipment, this is an
indication that maintenance costs are likely on the rise and more efficient replacement equipment is
available which will lower the operating costs of the unit. Maintenance costs should also fall with the
replacement.
Additionally, photos of various equipment and the building construction were taken during the site visit.
Several photos are included in Appendix E.
CEI made miscellaneous thermographic images of the building using a FLIR T300 Infrared Camera. This
is not a thermographic study, but rather just a few snapshots to illustrate easy-to-identify heat losses.
These thermographic photos are included in Appendix F.
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VIII. Energy Conservation Measures
The following ECMs described here have been calculated by AkWarm Commercial and considered by the
energy audit team as viable projects. ECMs provided below are considered to have viable financial ratios
(SIR>1) or to add value to the building or building operational profiles. For a full list of ECMs considered
and calculated by the energy audit team, including ECMs not recommended at this time, please see
Appendix D.
VIII.I School Energy Conservation Measures
ECM# TES-0 – Replace residential & light commercial refrigerators/freezers older than 5 years old
Annual Energy Savings Installed Cost SIR Payback (years)
---<10 years
Due to advances in refrigerators in the previous five years, new Energy Star residential-type and light
commercial-type refrigerators and freezers are much more efficient and result in viable energy savings.
Built-in refrigerators and freezers should be evaluated independently. Replacing existing refrigerators,
which are older than five years old, with new energy star models will typically have paybacks of less than
10 years.
ECM # TES-1– Install Carbon Dioxide Sensors
Annual Energy Savings Installed Cost SIR Payback (years)
$6,164 $10,000 8.24 1.6
Use CO2 sensors and demand ventilation control to reduce outside air rate. Currently, fixed OA rates are
used, with AHU-1 at 18% and AHU-2 at 22%. Heating the OA is a considerable energy cost. With
demand ventilation control, OA rates will vary from 0% - 100% based on indoor air quality conditions.
Our model estimated that the average ventilation rates in AHU-1 & 2 will be lowered to 15% and 11%,
respectively. The cost of this ECM includes the cost of installing two CO2 sensors, connecting the
sensors to the existing DDC system, and the cost for a DDC system contractor to program the sensors. A
DDC contractor will need to evaluate the existing DDC system to determine if other infrastructure
improvements are necessary. See item 3 in Appendix D for more information.
ECM # TES-2– Upgrade Classrooms and Library Lighting Controls
Annual Energy Savings Installed Cost SIR Payback (years)
$653 $2,702 3.54 4.1
The fluorescent T8 lighting in one small resource classroom (room 125) is controlled by an occupancy
sensor. The remaining 18 classrooms should be provided with new ceiling mounted occupancy sensors to
control the (11) 18W CFL can lights, (56) two-lamp, and (110) three-lamp fluorescent T8 light fixtures.
This ECM compiles measures 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, and 16 which were individually modeled in
AKWarm. See appendix D for details of individual measures.
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ECM # TES-3 – Upgrade Office Lighting Controls
Annual Energy Savings Installed Cost SIR Payback (years)
$147 $1,000 2.15 6.8
The office spaces in the school are illuminated by approximately seven two-lamp, (47) three-lamp T8
fluorescent light fixtures with electronic ballasts, and two single-lamp 18W compact fluorescent lamp
(CFL) down-lights. One of the three-lamp fixtures is used as a night light and is never switched off.
Several of these existing fixtures are located in the main office and should not be upgraded, however the
other six office spaces should each be provided one ceiling mounted occupancy sensor should be used to
control the remaining (19) normally switched T8 lights and the single night light.
This ECM compiles measures 4, 11, 19, 21, and 26 which were individually modeled in AKWarm. SIR's
for measures 19, 21, and 26 were less than one, but were included since consistent upgrades should be
done concurrently. See appendix D for details of individual measures.
ECM # TES-4 – Upgrade Gymnasium Lighting and Controls
Annual Energy Savings Installed Cost SIR Payback (years)
$1,549 $13,900 1.63 9.0
The gymnasium is illuminated by approximately (12) 400W MH light fixtures. The major drawback of
metal halide light fixtures are that they take several minutes to turn on making it inconvenient to switch
the light on and off as needed. It is recommended that these light fixtures be replaced one-for-one with 6-
lamp T5HO light fixtures. The existing switching pattern allows the much of the existing wiring to be re-
used and still be able to provide bi-level switching. Because of the quicker re-strike time of the
fluorescent lights it is recommended that the T5HO light fixtures are controlled by four wall mounted
occupancy sensors with wire guards to prevent the room from being illuminated while un-occupied for
extended periods of time. Additionally there are four two-lamp fluorescent wrap type un-switched night
light fixtures in the gymnasium that are powered by a standby electrical panel and used to provide a small
amount of illumination during a power outage, or while the MH light fixtures are warming up. These
existing fluorescent T12 light fixtures should be demolished and replaced with wall mounted emergency
lighting units since they will no longer be needed for general illumination. Though this was not modeled
in AkWarm and the cost is not included in the installed cost of the ECM, the district may want to equip
two T5HO fixtures with a generator transfer device (GTD) allowing the two fixtures to be run off of the
generator during a power outage, but switched with the other light fixtures in the room during normal
operation.
The gymnasium's three storage areas are illuminated by five two-lamp, and three three-lamp T8
fluorescent light fixtures with electronic ballasts. Three of the two-lamp fixtures are controlled by an
occupancy sensor. The two existing wall mounted rocker switches should be replaced by occupancy
sensors to switch the lights off while the room is not occupied.
This ECM compiles measures 3, 14, 17, and 28 which were individually modeled in AKWarm. SIR's for
measures 17 and 28 were less than one, but were included since consistent upgrades should be done
concurrently. See appendix D for details of individual measures.
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ECM # TES -5 – Perform Air Sealing to Reduce Air Leakage by 20%
Annual Energy Savings Installed Cost SIR Payback (years)
$798 $7,000 1.06 8.8
By tightening the building envelope with air sealing improvements, infiltration into the building will be
reduced. This in turn will reduce the heating load required by the building and reduce the amount of fuel
oil being burned by the boilers. While a blower door test was not completed, it is anticipated that air
leakage is occurring though old weather stripping around doors, window frames, and wall and roof
penetrations. Methods to decrease the infiltration into the building include: sealing around the windows
and doors with caulking and insulation, adding new weather stripping to doors, providing gaskets to all
exterior cover plates and sealing all roof and wall penetrations. To achieve a viable economic benefit, up
to $8,000 can be invested and still achieve an SIR ≥ 1 by reducing air leakage by 20%. See item 16 in
Appendix D for more information.
ECM # TES-6 – Upgrade Restroom Lighting and Controls
Annual Energy Savings Installed Cost SIR Payback (years)
$89 $1,280 1.01 14.4
The lighting in four restrooms (rooms 103, 104, 137, and 138) is controlled by occupancy sensors. Each
of the remaining five restrooms should be provided with new ceiling mounted occupancy sensors to
control the lighting consisting of (17) two-lamp T8 light fixtures and one 75W incandescent down-light.
Additional savings were modeled by replacing the incandescent lamp with a compact fluorescent lamp.
This ECM compiles measures 10, 22, and 27 which were individually modeled in AKWarm. SIR's for
measures 22 and 27 were less than one, but were included since consistent upgrades should be done
concurrently. See appendix D for details of individual measures.
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VIII.II Administrative Controls for Energy Conservation and Optimization
While the intent of many energy conservation measures is to increase the efficiency of fuel-burning and
electrical equipment, an important factor of energy consumption lies in the operational profiles which
control the equipment usage. Such profiles can be managed by administrative controls and departmental
leadership. They determine how and when fuel-burning and electrical equipment are used, and therefore
have a greater impact on energy savings potential than simply equipment upgrades alone. Significant
energy cost savings can be realized when ECMs are combined with efficient-minded operational profiles.
Operational profiles may be outlined by organization policy or developed naturally or historically. These
profiles include, but are not limited to: operating schedules, equipment setpoints and control strategies,
maintenance schedules, and site and equipment selection.
Optimization of operational profiles can be accomplished by numerous methods so long as the intent is
reduction in energy-using equipment runtime. Due to the numerous methods of optimization, energy cost
savings solely as a result of operational optimization are difficult to predict. Quantification, however, is
easy to accomplish by metering energy usage during and/or after implementation of energy-saving
operational profiles and ECMs. Shown below are some examples which have proven successful for other
organizations.
Optimization of site selection includes scheduling and location of events. If several buildings in a given
neighborhood are all lightly used after regularly occupied hours, energy savings can be found when after-
hours events are consolidated and held within the most energy efficient buildings available for use. As a
result, unoccupied buildings could be shut down to the greatest extent possible to reduce energy
consumption.
Two operational behaviors which can be combined with equipment upgrades are operating schedules and
equipment control strategies including setpoints. Occupancy and daylight sensors can be programmed to
automatically shut off or dim lighting when rooms are unoccupied or sufficiently lit from the sun.
Operating schedules can be optimized to run equipment only during regular or high-occupancy periods.
Also, through a central control system, or with digital programmable thermostats, temperature setpoints
can be reduced during low-occupancy hours to maximize savings. In addition, sporadically used
equipment can be shut down during unoccupied hours to further save energy. In general, having
equipment operating in areas where no occupants are present is inefficient, and presents an opportunity
for energy savings.
Operational profiles can also be implemented to take advantage of no- or low-cost ECMs. Examples
include heating plant optimizations (boiler section cleaning, boiler flush-through cleaning) and tighter
controls of equipment setbacks and shutdowns (unoccupied zones equipment shutdown, easier access to
and finer control of equipment for after-hours control). In a large facility management program,
implementation of these measures across many or all sites will realize dramatic savings due to the
quantity of equipment involved.
Changes to building operational profiles can only be realized while simultaneously addressing health,
safety, user comfort, and user requirements first. It is impractical to expect users to occupy a building or
implement operational behaviors which do not meet such considerations. That said, it is quite practical for
management groups to implement administrative controls which reduce losses brought about by excess
and sub-optimum usage.
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Appendix A
Energy Benchmark Data
Talkeetna Elementary School Draft Energy Audit Report
First Name Last Name Middle Name Phone
Rick Jensen 907‐376‐0806
State Zip
AK 99645
Monday‐
Friday
Saturday Sunday Holidays
7 am ‐ 8 pm 0 0 0
Average # of
Occupants
During
124 0 0 0
Renovations / Notes
Date
1969
2000
Building Square Footage
Mi 14 Talkeetna Spur Rd
Talkeetna Elementary Education
Building Name/ Identifier Building Usage
Facility City
Talkeetna
896
Facility Address
Building Type
School
Community Population
31,844
Year Built
1964
REAL Preliminary Benchmark Data Form
PART I – FACILITY INFORMATION
Facility Owner
Mat‐su School District
Facility Owned By Date
03/08/11Municipal Government/Subdivision
Details
Unknown Renovations Completed.
Major Building Remodel; New Additions to School; New Mech/Elec Systems
Facility Zip
Mailing Address
Contact Person
99676
Email
ricky.jensen@matsuk12.us
Primary
Operating
Hours
City
Palmer501 N Gulkana St.
2000
Notes
PART II – ENERGY SOURCES
Heating Oil Electricity Natural Gas Propane Wood Coal
$ /gallon $ / kWh $ / CCF $ / gal $ / cord $ / ton
Other energy
sources?
1. Please check every energy source you use in the table below. If known, please enter the base rate you pay
for the energy source.
2. Provide utilities bills for the most recent two‐year period for each energy source you use.
Any available drawings are kept at district office for maintenance.
Major Building Remodel; New Additions to School; New Mech/Elec Systems
Coffman Engineers, Inc.AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02
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Talkeetna Elementary School Draft Energy Audit Report
Talkeetna Elementary
Buiding Size Input (sf) =31,844
2009 Natural Gas Consumption (Therms)
2009 Natural Gas Cost ($)
2009 Electric Consumption (kWh)231,200
2009 Electric Cost ($)32,977
2009 Oil Consumption (Therms)21,011
2009 Oil Cost ($)38,704
2009 Total Energy Use (kBtu)2,890,169
2009 Total Energy Cost ($)71,681
Annual Energy Use Intensity (EUI)
2009 Natural Gas (kBtu/sf)
2009 Electricity (kBtu/sf)24.8
2009 Oil (kBtu/sf) 66.0
2009 Energy Utilization Index (kBtu/sf)90.8
Annual Energy Cost Index (ECI)
2009 Natural Gas Cost Index ($/sf)
2009 Electric Cost Index ($/sf)1.04
2009 Oil Cost Index ($/sf)1.22
2009 Energy Cost Index ($/sf)2.25
2010 Natural Gas Consumption (Therms)
2010 Natural Gas Cost ($)
2010 Electric Consumption (kWh)218,320
2010 El t i C t ($)26 0222010 Electric Cost ($)26,022
2010 Oil Consumption (Therms)15,917
2010 Oil Cost ($)35,128
2010 Total Energy Use (kBtu)2,336,861
2010 Total Energy Cost ($)61,151
Annual Energy Use Intensity (EUI)
2010 Natural Gas (kBtu/sf)
2010 Electricity (kBtu/sf)23.4
2010 Oil (kBtu/sf)50.0
2010 Energy Utilization Index (kBtu/sf)73.4
Annual Energy Cost Index (ECI)
2010 Natural Gas Cost Index ($/sf)
2010 Electric Cost Index ($/sf)0.82
2010 Oil Cost Index ($/sf)1.10
20010 Energy Cost Index ($/sf)1.92
Note:
1 kWh = 3,413 Btu's
1 Therm = 100,000 Btu's
1 CF ≈ 1,000 Btu's
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Talkeetna Elementary SchoolDraft Energy Audit ReportTalkeetna ElementaryElectricityBtus/kWh =3,413Provider Customer #Month Start Date End Date Billing Days Consumption (kWh) Consumption (Therms) Demand Use Electric Cost ($) Unit Cost ($/kWh) Demand Cost ($)MEA E340000 Jan‐09 12/28/2008 1/27/20093024,96085286$3,857$0.15MEA E340000 Feb‐09 1/27/2009 2/26/20093024,72084483$3,809$0.15MEA E340000 Mar‐09 2/26/2009 3/25/20092719,52066680$3,088$0.16MEA E340000 Apr‐09 3/25/2009 4/27/20093322,88078178$3,238$0.14MEA E340000 May‐09 4/27/2009 5/27/20093018,16062083$2,684$0.15MEA E340000 Jun‐09 5/27/2009 6/28/2009325,12017527$799$0.16MEA E340000 Jul‐09 6/28/2009 7/28/2009307,92027042$1,162$0.15MEA E340000 Aug‐09 7/28/2009 8/26/20092915,76053875$2,231$0.14MEA E340000 Sep‐09 8/26/2009 9/27/20093221,84074575$2,938$0.13MEA E340000 Oct‐09 9/27/2009 10/27/20093022,00075183$2,874$0.13MEA E340000 Nov‐09 10/27/2009 11/28/20093225,76087986$3,326$0.13MEA E340000 Dec‐09 11/28/2009 12/27/20092922,56077090$2,971$0.13MEA E340000 Jan‐10 12/27/2009 1/26/20103021,52073491$2,658$0.12MEA E340000 Feb‐10 1/26/2010 2/22/20102719,52066690$2,452$0.13MEA E340000 Mar‐10 2/22/2010 3/28/20103423,20079283$2,789$0.12MEA E340000 Apr‐10 3/28/2010 4/28/20103121,36072979$2,405$0.11MEA E340000 May‐10 4/28/2010 5/25/20102716,48056278$1,951$0.12MEAE340000Jun‐105/25/20106/27/2010336 56022434$811$0 12MEAE340000Jun105/25/20106/27/2010336,56022434$811$0.12MEA E340000 Jul‐10 6/27/2010 7/25/2010 28 8,480 289 39 $1,021 $0.12MEA E340000 Aug‐10 7/25/2010 8/28/2010 34 15,440 527 75 $1,855 $0.12MEA E340000 Sep‐10 8/28/2010 9/28/2010 31 19,440 663 82 $2,260 $0.12MEA E340000 Oct‐10 9/28/2010 10/26/2010 28 21,520 734 81 $2,529 $0.12MEA E340000 Nov‐10 10/26/2010 11/28/2010 33 23,200 792 84 $2,707 $0.12MEA E340000 Dec‐10 11/28/2010 12/27/2010 29 21,600 737 90 $2,585 $0.12Jan ‐ 09 to Dec ‐ 09 total:231,2007,891886$32,977$0Jan ‐ 10 to Dec ‐ 10 total:218,3207,451903$26,022$0$0.14$0.12Jan ‐ 10 to Dec ‐ 10 avg:Jan ‐ 09 to Dec ‐ 09 avg:Coffman Engineers, Inc.AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02Talkeetna Elementary School Final Energy Audit Report Coffman Engineers, Inc. 6/14/2012 AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02
Talkeetna Elementary SchoolDraft Energy Audit Report$1,500$2,000$2,500$3,000$3,500$4,000$4,50010,00015,00020,00025,00030,000Electric Cost ($)Electric Consumption (kWh)Talkeetna Elementary ‐Electric Consumption (kWh) vs. Electric Cost ($)Electric Consumption (kWh)Electric Cost ($)$0$500$1,00005,000Date (Mon ‐Yr)Coffman Engineers, Inc.AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02Talkeetna Elementary School Final Energy Audit Report Coffman Engineers, Inc. 6/14/2012 AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02
Talkeetna Elementary SchoolDraft Energy Audit ReportTalkeetna ElementaryOilBtus/Gal =132,000Provider Customer #Month Start Date End Date Billing Days Consumption (Gal) Consumption (Therms) Demand Use Oil Cost ($) Unit Cost ($/Therm) Demand Cost ($)MarathonFO‐TKE Jan‐09 1/1/2009 2/1/2009 31 3,196 4,218 $7,213 1.71MarathonFO‐TKE Feb‐09 2/1/2009 3/1/2009 28 2,672 3,527 $6,032 1.71MarathonFO‐TKE Mar‐09 3/1/2009 4/1/2009 31 2,472 3,263 $5,580 1.71MarathonFO‐TKE Apr‐09 4/1/2009 5/1/2009 30 1,232 1,626 $2,782 1.71MarathonFO‐TKE May‐09 5/1/2009 6/1/2009 31 372 491 $840 1.71MarathonFO‐TKE Jun‐09 6/1/2009 7/1/2009 30 116 152 $261 1.71MarathonFO‐TKE Jul‐09 7/1/2009 8/1/2009 31 7 9 $16 1.70MarathonFO‐TKE Aug‐09 8/1/2009 9/1/2009 31 80 106 $181 1.71MarathonFO‐TKE Sep‐09 9/1/2009 10/1/2009 30 474 625 $1,069 1.71MarathonFO‐TKE Oct‐09 10/1/2009 11/1/2009 31 874 1,154 $2,431 2.11MarathonFO‐TKE Nov‐09 11/1/2009 12/1/2009 30 2,164 2,857 $6,019 2.11MarathonFO‐TKE Dec‐09 12/1/2009 1/1/2010 31 2,258 2,981 $6,279 2.11MarathonFO‐TKE Jan‐10 1/1/2010 2/1/2010 31 2,404 3,174 $6,686 2.11MarathonFO‐TKE Feb‐10 2/1/2010 3/1/2010 28 1,557 2,056 $4,331 2.11MarathonFO‐TKE Mar‐10 3/1/2010 4/1/2010 31 1,700 2,244 $4,727 2.11MarathonFO‐TKE Apr‐10 4/1/2010 5/1/2010 30 962 1,270 $2,676 2.11MarathonFO‐TKE May‐10 5/1/2010 6/1/2010 31 351 464 $977 2.11h////$Marathon FO‐TKE Jun‐10 6/1/2010 7/1/201030102134$2822.11Marathon FO‐TKE Jul‐10 7/1/2010 8/1/2010312939$812.10Marathon FO‐TKE Aug‐10 8/1/2010 9/1/2010313951$1092.11Marathon FO‐TKE Sep‐10 9/1/2010 10/1/201030353466$9822.11Marathon FO‐TKE Oct‐10 10/1/2010 11/1/2010318141,074$2,5482.37Marathon FO‐TKE Nov‐10 11/1/2010 12/1/2010301,4211,875$4,4482.37Marathon FO‐TKE Dec‐10 12/1/2010 1/1/2011312,3263,070$7,2812.37Jan ‐ 09 to Dec ‐ 09 total:15,91721,0110$38,704$0Jan ‐ 10 to Dec ‐ 10 total:12,05915,9170$35,128$0Jan ‐ 09 to Dec ‐ 09 avg:1.81Jan ‐ 10 to Dec ‐ 10 avg:2.17Coffman Engineers, Inc.AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02Talkeetna Elementary School Final Energy Audit Report Coffman Engineers, Inc. 6/14/2012 AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02
Talkeetna Elementary SchoolDraft Energy Audit Report$3,000.00 $4,000.00 $5,000.00 $6,000.00 $7,000.00 $8,000.00 1,5002,0002,5003,0003,5004,0004,500Oil Cost ($)Oil Consumption (Therms)Talkeetna Elementary ‐Oil Consumption (Therms) vs. Oil Cost ($)Oil Consumption (Therms)Oil Cost ($)$0.00 $1,000.00 $2,000.00 05001,000Date (Mon ‐Yr)Coffman Engineers, Inc.AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02Talkeetna Elementary School Final Energy Audit Report Coffman Engineers, Inc. 6/14/2012 AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02
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Appendix B
AkWarm Commercial Reports
Talkeetna Elementary School Final Energy Audit Report
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ENERGY AUDIT REPORT – PROJECT SUMMARY – Created 1/24/2012 10:40
AM
General Project Information
PROJECT INFORMATION AUDITOR INFORMATION
Building: Talkeetna Elementary School Auditor Company: Coffman Engineers, Inc.
Address: Mile 14 Talkeetna Spur Road Auditor Name: Walter Heins, PE, CCP, CxA, CEA
City: Talkeetna Auditor Address: 800 F Street
Anchorage, AK 99501 Client Name: Rick Jensen
Client Address: 3901 E. Bogard
Wasilla, AK 99654
Auditor Phone: (907) 276-6664
Auditor FAX: (907) 276-5042
Client Phone: (907) 864-2007 Auditor Comment:
Client FAX:
Design Data
Building Area: 31,844 square feet. This area
includes the main floor area at 25,972 sf in addition
to the 5,872 sf of fan room areas and mechanical
plenum spaces on the second floor of the building.
Design Heating Load: Design Loss at Space: 885,689
Btu/hour
with Distribution Losses: 932,304 Btu/hour
Plant Input Rating assuming 82.0% Plant Efficiency
and 25% Safety Margin: 1,421,195 Btu/hour
Note: Additional Capacity should be added for DHW
load, if served.
Typical Occupancy: 124 people Design Indoor Temperature: 68 deg F (building
average)
Actual City: Talkeetna Design Outdoor Temperature: -25 deg F
Weather/Fuel City: Talkeetna Heating Degree Days: deg F-days
Utility Information
Electric Utility: Matanuska Electric Assn. -
Commercial - Lg
Natural Gas Provider: None
Average Annual Cost/kWh: $0.130/kWh Average Annual Cost/ccf: $0.000/ccf
Talkeetna Elementary School Final Energy Audit Report Coffman Engineers, Inc. 6/14/2012 AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02 Annual Energy Cost Estimate Description Space Heating Space Cooling Water Heating Lighting Other Electrical Cooking Clothes Drying Vent Fans Service Fees Total Cost Existing Building $33,565 $0 $3,757 $9,430 $11,972 $0 $0 $7,980 $0 $66,703 With Proposed Retrofits $27,291 $0 $3,757 $5,752 $11,972 $0 $0 $7,291 $0 $56,063 SAVINGS $6,274 $0 $0 $3,678 $0 $0 $0 $688 $0 $10,640
Talkeetna Elementary School Final Energy Audit Report Coffman Engineers, Inc. 6/14/2012 AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02
Talkeetna Elementary School Final Energy Audit Report Coffman Engineers, Inc. 6/14/2012 AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02 $0$20,000$40,000$60,000$80,000Existing Retrofit#2 OilElectricityAnnual Energy Costs by Fuel
Talkeetna Elementary School Final Energy Audit Report Coffman Engineers, Inc. 6/14/2012 AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02
Talkeetna Elementary School Final Energy Audit Report Coffman Engineers, Inc. 6/14/2012 AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02 Annual Utility Usage By Month Annual Modeled Consumption (Blue) compared to Actual Electric (Left) and #2 Fuel Oil (Right) Consumption (Orange).
Talkeetna Elementary School Final Energy Audit Report Coffman Engineers, Inc. 6/14/2012 AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02 Annual Electrical Usage By Month Monthly Modeled Consumption (Blue) compared to Actual Electric Consumption (Orange).
Talkeetna Elementary School Final Energy Audit Report Coffman Engineers, Inc. 6/14/2012 AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02 Annual #2 Fuel Oil Usage By MonthMonthly Modeled Consumption (Blue) compared to Actual #2 Fuel Oil Consumption (Orange)
Talkeetna Elementary School Final Energy Audit Report
Coffman Engineers, Inc. 6/14/2012 AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02
Appendix C
Major Equipment List
Talkeetna Elementary School Final Energy Audit Report Coffman Engineers, Inc. 6/14/2012 AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02 MAJOR EQUIPMENT INVENTORY TAG LOCATION FUNCTION MAKE MODEL TYPE CAPACITY EFFICIENCY MOTOR SIZE ASHRAE SERVICE LIFE (YEARS) ESTIMATED REMAINING USEFUL LIFE (YEARS) BLR-1 BOILER RM BUILDING HEATING WEIL MCLAIN 688 CAST IRON #2 FUEL OIL 1158 MBH ≈ 84% - 30 ≈ 20 BLR-2 BOILER RM BUILDING HEATING WEIL MCLAIN 688 CAST IRON #2 FUEL OIL 1158 MBH ≈ 84% - 30 ≈ 20 WH-1 BOILER RM DOMESTIC HOT WATER HEAT A.O. SMITH COF140-720 CAST IRON #2 FUEL OIL 678.5 MBH ≈ 86% 1/4 30 ≈ 20 PMP-1 BOILER RM BOILER WATER CIRC GRUNDFOS UPS 40-80/4F INLINE 45GPM 14' 89.5 1/2 10 0 PMP-1 BOILER RM BOILER WATER CIRC GRUNDFOS UPS 40-80/4F INLINE 45GPM 14' 89.5 1/2 10 0 PMP-3 BOILER RM HEATING WATER GRUNDFOS TP 80-240/2 INLINE 145GPM 54' 82.5 3 10 0 PMP-4 BOILER RM HEATING WATER GRUNDFOS TP 80-240/2 INLINE 145GPM 54' 83 3 10 0 PMP-5 BOILER RM HEATING WATER GRUNDFOS TP 50-240/2 INLINE 95GPM 47' 81.5 2 10 0 PMP-6 BOILER RM HEATING WATER GRUNDFOS TP 50-240/2 INLINE 95GPM 47' 81.5 2 10 0 PMP-7 BOILER RM HEATING WATER GRUNDFOS UPS50-240F INLINE 90GPM 55' 81.5 2 10 0 PMP-8 BOILER RM HEATING WATER GRUNDFOS UPS50-240F INLINE 90GPM 55' 81.5 2 10 0 PMP-9 AHU-1 HEATING WATER GRUNDFOS UPS15-42F INLINE 10GPM 9' 81.5 1/25 10 0 PMP-10 AHU-2 HEATING WATER GRUNDFOS UPS15-42F INLINE 10GPM 9' 81.5 1/25 10 0
Talkeetna Elementary School Final Energy Audit Report Coffman Engineers, Inc. 6/14/2012 AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02 MAJOR EQUIPMENT INVENTORY TAG LOCATION FUNCTION MAKE MODEL TYPE CAPACITY EFFICIENCY MOTOR SIZE ASHRAE SERVICE LIFE (YEARS) ESTIMATED REMAINING USEFUL LIFE (YEARS) PMP-11 BOILER RM GLYCOL MAKE-UP - - INLINE 9GPM 50' 81.5 1/3 10 0 PMP-12 BOILER RM DOMESTIC HOT WATER RECIRC GRUNDFOS UP43-75F INLINE 12GPM 20' 81.5 1/6 10 0 PMP-13 BOILER RM FIRE WATER STERLING 3PVF8 INLINE 173GPM 93' 81.5 15 20 8 PMP-14 BOILER RM FIRE WATER JOCKEY GRUNDFOS - INLINE 5GPM 130' 74 3/4 20 8 AHU-1 FAN RM 1 CLASSROOM/OFFICE SUPPLY HAAKON AIRPAK AHU-1SF CENTRIFUGAL 24,000CFM 3.8" ≈ 94% 25 25 12 AHU-2 FAN RM 2 GYMNASIUM SUPPLY HAAKON AIRPAK AHU-2SF CENTRIFUGAL 14,000CFM 2.5" ≈ 94% 10 25 12 SCF-1 FAN RM 1 COOLING GAYLORD LOGICAIRE MCE-1350A CENTRIFUGAL 2,000CFM 0.9" ≈80% 3/4 25 12 SCF-2 FAN RM 2 COOLING GAYLORD LOGICAIRE MCE-500A CENTRIFUGAL 900CFM 0.53" ≈ 80% 1/3 25 12 RF-1 FAN RM 1 BLDG RELEIF - - PROPELLER 10,600CFM 0.3" 87.5 2 20 8 RF-2 FAN RM 1 BLDG RELEIF - - PROPELLER 10,600CFM 0.3" 87.5 2 20 8
Talkeetna Elementary School Final Energy Audit Report Coffman Engineers, Inc. 6/14/2012 AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02 MAJOR EQUIPMENT INVENTORY TAG LOCATION FUNCTION MAKE MODEL TYPE CAPACITY EFFICIENCY MOTOR SIZE ASHRAE SERVICE LIFE (YEARS) ESTIMATED REMAINING USEFUL LIFE (YEARS) EF-1 MECH ACCESS SPACE TOILET EXHAUST - - INLINE 600CFM .35" NEMA STANDARD 1/4 25 12 EF-2 MECH ACCESS SPACE TOILET EXHAUST - - INLINE 230CFM .25" NEMA STANDARD 1/4 25 12 EF-3 MECH ACCESS SPACE TOILET EXHAUST - - INLINE 290CFM .25" NEMA STANDARD 1/4 25 12 EF-4 MECH ACCESS SPACE TOILET EXHAUST - - INLINE 240CFM .25" NEMA STANDARD 1/4 25 12 EF-5 FAN RM 1 TOILET EXHAUST - - INLINE 900CFM .35" NEMA STANDARD 1/4 25 12 EF-6 MECH ACCESS SPACE TOILET EXHAUST - - INLINE 200CFM .25" NEMA STANDARD 1/4 25 12 EF-7 MECH ACCESS SPACE TOILET EXHAUST - - INLINE 150CFM .35" NEMA STANDARD 1/4 25 12 EF-8 ROOF KITCHEN EXHAUST CARROL DX-C-51 ROOF 1500CFM 1.7" NEMA STANDARD 3/4 25 12
Talkeetna Elementary School Final Energy Audit Report
Coffman Engineers, Inc. 6/14/2012 AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02
Appendix D
Energy Conservation Measures
Talkeetna Elementary School Final Energy Audit Report
Coffman Engineers, Inc. 6/14/2012 AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02
The following tables consist of raw output data from the AkWarm Commercial program used to model
energy costs and calculate energy savings and financial ratios. These tables represent all of the energy
conservation measures calculated and considered by the energy audit team. However, ECMs included in
the Executive Summary and Section VIII are recommended by the energy audit team due to their viable
financial ratios (SIR>1) or due to their value added.
PRIORITY LIST – RECOMMENDED ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES
Rank Feature Recommendation Annual Energy
Savings
Installed
Cost
SIR Payback
(Years)
0 a Refrigerators Replace residential & light
commercial
refrigerators/freezers older
than 5 years old
-- -<10
1 Lighting:
Classrooms and
Library Lighting
Add new Occupancy Sensor $79 $1 1155.00 0
2 Lighting:
Classrooms and
Library Lighting
Add new Occupancy Sensor $10 $1 149.88 0.1
3 Lighting: Gym
Lighting
Improve Manual Switching $446 $400 16.28 0.9
4 Lighting: Office
Lighting
Add new Occupancy Sensor $87 $100 12.76 1.1
5 Ventilation Install CO2 Sensors in main
return air ducts of AHU-1
and AHU-2 to modulate OA
intake based on occupancy
$6,164 $10,000 8.24 1.6
6 Lighting:
Classrooms and
Library Lighting
Add new Occupancy Sensor $38 $150 3.74 3.9
7 Lighting:
Classrooms and
Library Lighting
Add new Occupancy Sensor $378 $1,500 3.68 4
8 Lighting:
Classrooms and
Library Lighting
Add new Occupancy Sensor $36 $150 3.55 4.1
Talkeetna Elementary School Final Energy Audit Report
Coffman Engineers, Inc. 6/14/2012 AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02
PRIORITY LIST – RECOMMENDED ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES
Rank Feature Recommendation Annual Energy
Savings
Installed
Cost
SIR Payback
(Years)
9 Lighting:
Classrooms and
Library Lighting
Add new Occupancy Sensor $49 $300 2.40 6.1
10 Lighting: Restroom
Lighting
Add new Occupancy Sensor $75 $500 2.19 6.7
11 Lighting: Office
Lighting
Add new Occupancy Sensor $43 $300 2.10 6.9
12 Lighting:
Classrooms and
Library Lighting
Add new Occupancy Sensor $21 $150 2.06 7.1
13 Lighting:
Classrooms and
Library Lighting
Add new Occupancy Sensor $34 $300 1.64 8.9
14 Lighting: Gym
Lighting
Replace with 12 FLUOR (6)
T5 45.2" F54W/T5 HO
Standard (2) StdElectronic
and Add new Occupancy
Sensor, Multi-Level Switch
$1,093 $13,200 1.21 12.1
15 Air Tightening Perform air sealing to reduce
air leakage by 20%.
$798 $7,000 1.06 8.8
16 Lighting:
Classrooms and
Library Lighting
Add new Occupancy Sensor $8 $150 0.82 17.7
17 Lighting: Gym
Lighting
Add new Occupancy Sensor $8 $150 0.81 17.9
18 Lighting:
Mechanical,
Storage, and Misc
Lighting
Add new Occupancy Sensor $6 $150 0.54 27.3
19 Lighting: Office
Lighting
Add new Occupancy Sensor $10 $300 0.50 29.4
20 Lighting: Exterior
Lighting
Replace with 15 LED 150W
Module StdElectronic
$884 $30,000 0.43 33.9
Talkeetna Elementary School Final Energy Audit Report
Coffman Engineers, Inc. 6/14/2012 AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02
PRIORITY LIST – RECOMMENDED ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES
Rank Feature Recommendation Annual Energy
Savings
Installed
Cost
SIR Payback
(Years)
21 Lighting: Office
Lighting
Add new Occupancy Sensor $4 $150 0.36 41
22 Lighting: Restroom
Lighting
Replace with FLUOR CFL,
Spiral 23 W and Add new
Occupancy Sensor
$7 $280 0.36 39.5
23 Lighting: Exterior
Lighting
Replace with 4 LED 50W
Module StdElectronic
$56 $2,400 0.34 43
24 Lighting: Exterior
Lighting
Replace with 19 LED 50W
Module StdElectronic
$265 $11,400 0.34 43
25 Lighting: Exterior
Lighting
Replace with 3 LED 25W
Module StdElectronic
$25 $1,200 0.31 47.4
26 Lighting: Office
Lighting
Add new Occupancy Sensor $3 $150 0.28 52.7
27 Lighting: Restroom
Lighting
Add new Occupancy Sensor $7 $500 0.20 74.6
28 Lighting: Gym
Lighting
Add new Occupancy Sensor $2 $150 0.19 78.7
29 Lighting:
Mechanical,
Storage, and Misc
Lighting
Add new Occupancy Sensor $1 $150 0.12 120.8
30 Lighting:
Mechanical,
Storage, and Misc
Lighting
Add new Occupancy Sensor $1 $150 0.12 123.1
31 Lighting:
Mechanical,
Storage, and Misc
Lighting
Add new Occupancy Sensor $1 $150 0.06 247.7
TOTAL $10,640 $81,482 1.76 7.7
Talkeetna Elementary School Final Energy Audit Report
Coffman Engineers, Inc. 6/14/2012 AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02
31 Lighting:
Mechanical,
Storage, and Misc
Lighting
Add new Occupancy Sensor $1 $150 0.06 246.2
TOTAL $10,615 $75,164 2.06 7.1
a Due to advances in refrigerators in the previous 5 years, new Energy Star refrigerators are much more efficient and result in
viable energy savings.
b This item is intended to be implemented once the existing instant start ballasts fail and require replacement, negating the cost of
installing new ballasts.
Talkeetna Elementary School Final Energy Audit Report
Coffman Engineers, Inc. 6/14/2012 AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02
ENERGY AUDIT REPORT – ENERGY EFFICIENT RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Building Envelope
Air Leakage
Rank Location Estimated Air Leakage Recommended Air
Leakage Target
Installed
Cost
Annual
Energy
Savings
15 Air Tightness estimated as:
0.22 cfm/ft2 of above-grade
shell area at 75 Pascals
Perform air sealing to
reduce air leakage by
20%.
$7,000 $798
2. Mechanical Equipment
Ventilation
Rank Recommendation Cost Annual
Energy
Savings
5 Install CO2 Sensors in main return air ducts of AHU-1 and AHU-2 to
modulate OA intake based on occupancy
$10,000 $6,164
Talkeetna Elementary School Final Energy Audit Report
Coffman Engineers, Inc. 6/14/2012 AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02
3. Appliances and Lighting
Lighting Fixtures and Controls
Rank Location Existing Recommended Installed
Cost
Annual
Energy
Savings
1 Classrooms and
Library Lighting
21 FLUOR (2) T8 4' F32T8
32W Standard Program
StdElectronic with Manual
Switching, Multi-Level
Switch
Add new Occupancy
Sensor
$1 $79
2 Classrooms and
Library Lighting
6 FLUOR (2) T8 4' F32T8
32W Standard Program
StdElectronic with Manual
Switching, Multi-Level
Switch
Add new Occupancy
Sensor
$1 $10
3 Gym Lighting 4 FLUOR (2) T12 4'
F40T12 40W Standard
Magnetic with Manual
Switching
Improve Manual
Switching
$400 $446
4 Office Lighting FLUOR (3) T8 4' F32T8
32W Standard (2) Program
StdElectronic with Manual
Switching
Add new Occupancy
Sensor
$100 $87
6 Classrooms and
Library Lighting
16 FLUOR (2) T8 4' F32T8
32W Standard Program
StdElectronic with Manual
Switching
Add new Occupancy
Sensor
$150 $38
7 Classrooms and
Library Lighting
66 FLUOR (3) T8 4' F32T8
32W Standard (2) Program
StdElectronic with Manual
Switching, Multi-Level
Switch
Add new Occupancy
Sensor
$1,500 $378
8 Classrooms and
Library Lighting
10 FLUOR (3) T8 4' F32T8
32W Standard (2) Program
StdElectronic with Manual
Switching
Add new Occupancy
Sensor
$150 $36
Talkeetna Elementary School Final Energy Audit Report
Coffman Engineers, Inc. 6/14/2012 AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02
Lighting Fixtures and Controls
Rank Location Existing Recommended Installed
Cost
Annual
Energy
Savings
9 Classrooms and
Library Lighting
19 FLUOR (3) T8 4' F32T8
32W Standard (2) Program
StdElectronic with Manual
Switching, Multi-Level
Switch
Add new Occupancy
Sensor
$300 $49
10 Restroom
Lighting
15 FLUOR (2) T8 4' F32T8
32W Standard Program
StdElectronic with Manual
Switching
Add new Occupancy
Sensor
$500 $75
11 Office Lighting 10 FLUOR (3) T8 4' F32T8
32W Standard (2) Program
StdElectronic with Manual
Switching
Add new Occupancy
Sensor
$300 $43
12 Classrooms and
Library Lighting
13 FLUOR (2) T8 4' F32T8
32W Standard Program
StdElectronic with Manual
Switching
Add new Occupancy
Sensor
$150 $21
13 Classrooms and
Library Lighting
11 FLUOR (3) T8 4' F32T8
32W Standard (2) Program
StdElectronic with Manual
Switching
Add new Occupancy
Sensor
$300 $34
14 Gym Lighting 12 MH 400 Watt Magnetic
with Manual Switching
Replace with 12 FLUOR
(6) T5 45.2" F54W/T5
HO Standard (2)
StdElectronic and Add
new Occupancy Sensor,
Multi-Level Switch
$13,200 $1,093
16 Classrooms and
Library Lighting
11 FLUOR CFL, Plug-in
18W Quad Tube
StdElectronic with Manual
Switching
Add new Occupancy
Sensor
$150 $8
Talkeetna Elementary School Final Energy Audit Report
Coffman Engineers, Inc. 6/14/2012 AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02
17 Gym Lighting 3 FLUOR (3) T8 4' F32T8
32W Standard (2) Program
StdElectronic with Manual
Switching
Add new Occupancy
Sensor
$150 $8
18 Mechanical,
Storage, and
Misc Lighting
3 FLUOR (2) T8 4' F32T8
32W Standard Program
StdElectronic with Manual
Switching
Add new Occupancy
Sensor
$150 $6
19 Office Lighting 4 FLUOR (3) T8 4' F32T8
32W Standard (2) Program
StdElectronic with Manual
Switching
Add new Occupancy
Sensor
$300 $10
20 Exterior
Lighting
15 MH 400 Watt Magnetic
with Manual Switching
Replace with 15 LED
150W Module
StdElectronic
$30,000 $884
21 Office Lighting 4 FLUOR (2) T8 4' F32T8
32W Standard Program
StdElectronic with Manual
Switching
Add new Occupancy
Sensor
$150 $4
22 Restroom
Lighting
INCAN A Lamp, Std 75W
with Manual Switching
Replace with FLUOR
CFL, Spiral 23 W and
Add new Occupancy
Sensor
$280 $7
23 Exterior
Lighting
4 MH 100 Watt Magnetic
with Manual Switching
Replace with 4 LED 50W
Module StdElectronic
$2,400 $56
24 Exterior
Lighting
19 MH 100 Watt Magnetic
with Manual Switching
Replace with 19 LED
50W Module
StdElectronic
$11,400 $265
25 Exterior
Lighting
3 MH 50 Watt Magnetic
with Manual Switching
Replace with 3 LED 25W
Module StdElectronic
$1,200 $25
26 Office Lighting FLUOR (2) T8 4' F32T8
32W Standard Program
StdElectronic with Manual
Switching
Add new Occupancy
Sensor
$150 $3
Talkeetna Elementary School Final Energy Audit Report
Coffman Engineers, Inc. 6/14/2012 AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02
27 Restroom
Lighting
2 FLUOR (2) T8 4' F32T8
32W Standard Program
StdElectronic with Manual
Switching
Add new Occupancy
Sensor
$500 $7
28 Gym Lighting 2 FLUOR T8 4' F32T8
32W Standard Program
StdElectronic with Manual
Switching
Add new Occupancy
Sensor
$150 $2
29 Mechanical,
Storage, and
Misc Lighting
FLUOR (3) T8 4' F32T8
32W Standard (2) Program
StdElectronic with Manual
Switching
Add new Occupancy
Sensor
$150 $1
30 Mechanical,
Storage, and
Misc Lighting
2 FLUOR (2) T8 4' F32T8
32W Standard Program
StdElectronic with Manual
Switching
Add new Occupancy
Sensor
$150 $1
31 Mechanical,
Storage, and
Misc Lighting
FLUOR (2) T8 4' F32T8
32W Standard Program
StdElectronic with Manual
Switching
Add new Occupancy
Sensor
$150 $1
Talkeetna Elementary School Final Energy Audit Report
Coffman Engineers, Inc. 6/14/2012 AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02
Appendix E
Site Visit Photos
Talkeetna Elementary School Final Energy Audit Report
Coffman Engineers, Inc. 6/14/2012 AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02
1. Main Entrance 2. South East Corner
3. East Entrance 4. South West Corner
5. East Wall to Library 6. North Corner, Multipurpose Room
Talkeetna Elementary School Final Energy Audit Report
Coffman Engineers, Inc. 6/14/2012 AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02
7. Boiler Room, BLR-1 and BLR-2 8. Pumps P-3 through P-8
9. Boiler Circulating Pump PMP-1 10. Water Heater WH-1
11. Domestic Hot Water Recirc. Pump PMP-12 12. Cabinet Fan SCF-1
Talkeetna Elementary School Final Energy Audit Report
Coffman Engineers, Inc. 6/14/2012 AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02
13. Cabinet Fan SCF-2 14. Relief Fans RF-1 and RF-2
15. AHU-1 16. Exhaust Fan EF-4, Typical Arrangement
Talkeetna Elementary School Final Energy Audit Report
Coffman Engineers, Inc. 6/14/2012 AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02
17. PMP-9, Circulator for AHU-1 18. AHU-1 VFD Control Panel
19. Mechanical Plenum 20. Typical VAV Box with Reheat Coil
21. AHU-2, Intake Side 22. AHU-2, Supply Side
Talkeetna Elementary School Final Energy Audit Report
Coffman Engineers, Inc. 6/14/2012 AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02
23. PMP-10, Circulator for AHU-2 24. Supply Air to Gym Offices with Reheat Coils
25. Multipurpose Room 26. Multipurpose Room Ceiling Space
27. Corridor Space 28. Typical Thermostat
Talkeetna Elementary School Final Energy Audit Report
Coffman Engineers, Inc. 6/14/2012 AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02
29. Typical Side Entry Door 30. Typical Arctic Entry
Talkeetna Elementary School Final Energy Audit Report
Coffman Engineers, Inc. 6/14/2012 AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02
Appendix F
Thermographic Photos
Talkeetna Elementary School Final Energy Audit Report
Coffman Engineers, Inc. 6/14/2012 AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02
Coffman Engineers made miscellaneous thermographic images of Talkeetna Elementary School using an
FLIR T300 Infrared Camera. This is not a thermographic study, rather photographs to illustrate easy-to-
identify heat losses.
31. Optical Image, Main Entrance. Thermal
Image at right is indicated by the white
border.
32. Thermographic Image, Main Entrance.
Temperatures indicated by color scale on
right. Yellow indicates heat leakage. The
outside temperature was about 4°F.
33. Optical Image, East Entry. Thermal Image at
right is indicated by the white border.
34. Thermographic Image, East Entry. Heat loss
occurring between window and door edge.
Talkeetna Elementary School Final Energy Audit Report
Coffman Engineers, Inc. 6/14/2012 AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02
35. Optical Image, West Multipurpose
Room/Boiler Room Wall. Thermal Image at
right is indicated by the white border.
36. Thermographic Image, West Multipurpose
Room/Boiler Room Wall. Heat loss occurring
through combustion air intake and thermal
bridging at steel beam contacts.
37. Optical Image, North Multipurpose Room
Wall. Thermal Image at right is indicated by
the white border.
38. Thermographic Image, North Multipurpose
Room Wall. Heat loss occurring from thermal
bridging at steel beam contacts
Talkeetna Elementary School Final Energy Audit Report
Coffman Engineers, Inc. 6/14/2012 AkWarm No. CIRI-TKA-CAEC-02
39. Optical Image, South East Room Walls.
Thermal Image at right is indicated by the
white border.
40. Thermographic Image, South East Room
Walls. Heat loss through 2x6 walls and
windows.
End of Report