HomeMy WebLinkAboutHLA Jimmy Huntington High School and Elementary School 2012-EEManaging Office
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Fairbanks, Alaska 99709 Anchorage, Alaska 99517 Juneau, Alaska 99801
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ENERGY AUDIT – FINAL REPORT
Jimmy Huntington High School and Elementary School
Huslia, Alaska
Prepared for:
Ms. Kerry Boyd
4762 Old Airport Way
Fairbanks, Alaska
Prepared by:
David C. Lanning PE, CEA
Douglas Dusek CEA
Steven Billa EIT, CEAIT
July 11, 2012
Acknowledgment: "This material is based upon work supported by the Department of
Energy under Award Number DE-EE0000095.”
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, HEALTH & SAFETY
Anch: 3105 Lakeshore Dr. Ste 106A, 99517 907.222.2445 Fax: 222.0915
Fairbanks: 2400 College Road, 99709 907.452.5688 Fax: 452.5694
Juneau: 4402 Thane Road, 99801 907.586.6813 Fax: 586.6819
info@nortechengr.com www.nortechengr.com
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................. 1
2.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 4
2.1 Building Use .......................................................................................................... 4
2.2 Building Occupancy and Schedules ...................................................................... 4
2.3 Building Description ............................................................................................... 4
3.0 BENCHMARKING 2010 UTILITY DATA .......................................................................... 7
3.1 Total Energy Use and Cost of 2010 ...................................................................... 8
3.2 Energy Utilization Index of 2010 ............................................................................ 9
3.3 Cost Utilization Index of 2010 .............................................................................. 10
3.4 Seasonal Energy Use Patterns ........................................................................... 11
3.5 Future Energy Monitoring .................................................................................... 12
4.0 MODELING ENERGY CONSUMPTION ......................................................................... 13
4.1 Understanding How AkWarm Models Energy Consumption ............................... 14
4.2 AkWarm Calculated Savings for Jimmy Huntington High Sch. and Elem. Sch. .. 15
4.3 Additional Modeling Methods .............................................................................. 16
5.0 BUILDING OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE (O & M) .............................................. 17
5.1 Operations and Maintenance .............................................................................. 17
5.2 Commissioning .................................................................................................... 17
5.3 Building Specific Recommendations ................................................................... 18
Energy Audit – Final Report
Jimmy Huntington High School and Elementary School
Huslia, Alaska
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Huntington)\Reports\Final\2012.07.11 Final AHFC Report HLA Jimmy Huntington High School And Elementary School.Docx
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APPENDICES
Appendix A Recommended Energy Efficiency Measures ........................................... 20
Appendix B Energy Efficiency Measures that are NOT Recommended ..................... 27
Appendix C Significant Equipment List ....................................................................... 30
Appendix D Local Utility Rate Structure ...................................................................... 32
Appendix E Analysis Methodology .............................................................................. 34
Appendix F Audit Limitations ...................................................................................... 35
Appendix G References .............................................................................................. 36
Appendix H Typical Energy Use and Cost – Fairbanks and Anchorage ..................... 37
Appendix I Typical Energy Use and Cost – Continental U.S. .................................... 38
Appendix J List of Conversion Factors and Energy Units .......................................... 39
Appendix K List of Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions .................................... 40
Appendix L Building Floor Plan .................................................................................. 41
Energy Audit – Final Report
Jimmy Huntington High School and Elementary School
Huslia, Alaska
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1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
NORTECH has completed an ASHRAE Level II Energy Audit of the Jimmy Huntington High
School (JHHS) and Elementary School (JHES) as a combined report. The 17,114 square foot
facility is in the Lower Yukon Koyukuk School District. The audit began with benchmarking
which resulted in a calculation of the energy consumption per square foot. A site inspection was
completed on January 25, 2012 to obtain information about the lighting, heating, ventilation,
cooling and other building energy uses. The existing usage data and current systems were then
used to develop a building energy consumption model using AkWarm.
Once the model was calibrated, a number of Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs) were
developed from review of the data and observations. EEMs were evaluated and ranked on the
basis of both energy savings and cost using a Savings/Investment Ratio (SIR). While these
modeling techniques were successful in verifying that many of the EEMs would save energy,
not all of the identified EEMs were considered cost effective based on the hardware, installation,
and energy costs at the time of this audit.
While the need for a major retrofit can typically be identified by an energy audit, upgrading
specific systems often requires collecting additional data and engineering and design efforts that
are beyond the scope of the Level II energy audit. The necessity and amount of design effort
and cost will vary depending on the scope of the specific EEMs planned and the sophistication
and capability of the entire design team, including the building owners and operators. During
the budgeting process for any major retrofit identified in this report, the building owner should
add administrative and supplemental design costs to cover the individual needs of their own
organization and the overall retrofit project.
The recommended EEMs for Jimmy Huntington High School and Elementary School are
summarized in the table below. Additional discussion of the modeling process can be found in
Section 3. Details of each individual EEM can be found in Appendix A of this report. A
summary of EEMs that were evaluated but are not currently recommended is located in
Appendix B.
PRIORITY LIST – ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES (EEMs)
Rank Feature/
Location Improvement Description
Estimated
Annual
Energy
Savings
Estimated
Installed
Cost
Savings to
Investment
Ratio, SIR
Simple
Payback
(Years)
1
20 Setback
Thermostats:
JHHS and JHES
Implement a Heating
Temperature Unoccupied
Setback to 60.0 deg F for the
School space.
$3,863 $4,000 12 1.0
2 Ventilation Remove boiler room exhaust
fan $199 $500 5.1 2.5
3 Lighting: JHHS
and JHES
Upgrade Selected Lighting to
Compact Fluorescent (CFL)
and LED
$2,488 $6,712 4.1 2.7
Energy Audit – Final Report
Jimmy Huntington High School and Elementary School
Huslia, Alaska
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PRIORITY LIST – ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES (EEMs)
Rank Feature/
Location Improvement Description
Estimated
Annual
Energy
Savings
Estimated
Installed
Cost
Savings to
Investment
Ratio, SIR
Simple
Payback
(Years)
4 HVAC And DHW
Replace Elem CP1A, CP3A,
CP3B with Grundfos Magna
65-120 or Equiv, Replace HS
CP1, CP2, CP1A, CP1B with
Grundfos Magna 65-120 or
Equiv, Replace CP3B with
Grundfos Alpha or Equiv,
Place Hot Water circ pump on
a timer to reduce time on
$5,879 $21,600 3.8 3.7
5
On- or Below-
Grade Floor,
Perimeter: High
School
Install R-30 Poly-wrapped
Fiberglass Batts on the
Perimeter 4 feet of the Crawl
Space Floor.
$700 $7,790 2.1 11
6 Lighting: JHHS
and JHES Add new Occupancy Sensors $3,435 $20,500 1.1 6.0
TOTAL, cost-effective measures $16,564 $61,102 3.4 3.7
Energy Audit – Final Report
Jimmy Huntington High School and Elementary School
Huslia, Alaska
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Modeled Building Energy Cost Breakdown
The above charts are a graphical representation of the modeled energy usage Jimmy
Huntington High School and Elementary. The greatest portions of energy cost for the building
lighting and envelope air losses. Detailed improvements can be found in Appendix A.
The energy cost by end use breakdown was provided by AkWarm based on the field inspection
and does not indicate that all individual fixtures and appliances were directly measured. The
current energy costs are shown above on the left hand pie graph and the projected energy
costs, assuming use of the recommended EEMs, are shown on the right.
The chart breaks down energy usage by cost into the following categories:
Envelope Air Losses—the cost to provide heated fresh air to occupants, air leakage, heat lost in
air through the chimneys and exhaust fans, heat lost to wind and other similar losses.
Envelope
o Ceiling—quantified heat loss transferred through the ceiling portion of the envelope.
o Window—quantified heat loss through the window portion of the envelope.
o Wall/Door—quantified heat loss through the wall and door portions of the envelope.
o Floor—quantified heat loss through the floor portion of the envelope.
Water Heating—energy cost to provide domestic hot water.
Fans—energy cost to run ventilation, and exhaust fans.
Lighting—energy cost to light the building.
Refrigeration—energy costs to provide refrigerated goods for the occupants.
Other Electrical—includes energy costs not listed above including cooking loads, laundry loads,
other plug loads and electronics.
Envelope
Air Losses
$23,047
28%
Ceiling
$6,015
7%
Window
$1,594
2%
Wall/Door
$7,972
10%
Floor
$7,102
8%
Water
Heating
$5,059
6%
Fans
$1,976
2%
Lighting
$22,018
26%
Refriger-
ation, $817
, 1%
Other
Electrical
$7,964
10%
Cooking
$75
0%
Clothes
Drying
$56
0%
Existing Building Energy Cost
Breakdown $83,696
Envelope
Air Losses
$18,596
22%Ceiling
$4,901
6%
Window
$1,297
2%
Wall/Door
$6,487
8%
Floor
$5,118
6%
Water
Heating
$4,709
6%
Fans
$1,921
2%
Lighting
$15,190
18%
Refriger-
ation,
$817
1%
Other
Electrical
$7,964
9%
Cooking
$75
0%
Clothes
Drying
$56
0%
Savings
$16,564
20%
Retrofit Building Energy Cost
Breakdown $67,132
Energy Audit – Final Report
Jimmy Huntington High School and Elementary School
Huslia, Alaska
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2.0 INTRODUCTION
The Alaska Housing Finance Corporation contracted with NORTECH to perform ASHRAE
Level II Energy Audits for publically owned buildings in Alaska. This report presents the findings
of the utility benchmarking, modeling analysis, and the recommended building modifications,
and building use changes that are expected to save energy and money.
The report is organized into sections covering:
description of the facility,
the building’s historic energy usage (benchmarking),
estimating energy use through energy use modeling,
evaluation of potential energy efficiency or efficiency improvements, and
recommendations for energy efficiency with estimates of the costs and savings.
2.1 Building Use
JHHS and JHES provides Pre-School through 12th Grade education in Huslia, Alaska. The High
School is composed of classrooms, offices, and a gymnasium. The Elementary School is
composed of classrooms and offices.
2.2 Building Occupancy and Schedules
JHHS typically has an average of 38 students and 10 faculty members, while JHES typically has
20 students and 5 faculty members. Both facilities operate during the regular school year,
which takes place from the middle of August to the end of May. Regular occupancy takes place
from 7:30 am to 3:30 pm Monday through Friday.
2.3 Building Description
Jimmy Huntington High School is an 11,640 square foot one-story wood framed building on a
crawlspace, originally built in 1979. Located directly west of the High School is Jimmy
Huntington Elementary School which is a 5,446 square foot one-story wood framed building on
pilings, originally built in 1960.
Building Envelope
Building Envelope: Walls
Wall Type Description Insulation Notes
High School Above
Grade Walls
Wood-framed with 2x8 studs
spaced 16-inches on center.
R-25 fiberglass batt,
3-inches of Structural
Insulated Panels
No signs of insulation
damage.
High School Below
Grade Walls
Crawlspace Wall, wood framed
with 2x6 studs R-19 fiberglass batt No signs of insulation
damage.
Elementary Above
Grade Walls- Original
Wood framed with 2x4 studs
spaced 16-inches on center R-13 fiberglass batt No signs of insulation
damage.
Elementary Above
Grade Walls- Addition
Wood framed with 2x6 studs
spaced 16-inches on center R-19 fiberglass batt No signs of insulation
damage.
Energy Audit – Final Report
Jimmy Huntington High School and Elementary School
Huslia, Alaska
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Building Envelope: Floors
Floor Type Description Insulation Notes
High School Floor Dirt floor None -
Elementary School
Floor
Wood-framed 2x10 floor joists
spaced 16-inches on center. R-27 fiberglass batt -
Building Envelope: Roof
Roof Type Description Insulation Notes
High School Roof Cold roofs framed with wood
trusses. R-51 fiberglass batt -
Elementary Roof-
Original
Cold roofs framed with wood
trusses. R-38 fiberglass batt -
Elementary Roof-
Addition Cathedral style roof 8-inches of fiberglass
batt -
Building Envelope: Doors and Windows
Door and Window
Type Description Estimated
R-Value Notes
Door Type 1 Metal: Flush 2.7 143 sq ft
Door Type 2 Metal: quarter lite glass 2.0 61 sq ft
Door Type 3 Metal: half lite glass 1.7 20 sq ft
Door Type 4 Metal: full lite glass 1.7 22 sq ft
Window Type 1 Vinyl: Triple pane:
>3/8 –inch glass: Low-E 2.9 140 sq ft
Window Type 2 Vinyl: Double pane:
>3/8 –inch glass 2.0 305 sq ft
Window Type 3 Vinyl: Double pane:
<3/8 –inch glass 1.8 40 sq ft
Energy Audit – Final Report
Jimmy Huntington High School and Elementary School
Huslia, Alaska
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Heating and Ventilation Systems
Heat is provided by four oil fired boilers, two in each building. Circulation pumps distribute heat
throughout the building to:
Baseboard heaters in classrooms
Unit heaters in entry ways
Heat is controlled by 20 manual thermostats located throughout the buildings.
Air Conditioning System
There is no air conditioning system installed in these buildings.
Energy Management
An energy management system is installed for the heating system but is currently being
bypassed and run on “hand”.
Lighting Systems
Lighting in Jimmy Huntington High School and Elementary consists of ceiling mounted fixtures
with T8 lamps (1-inch diameter, 4-foot long).
Domestic Hot Water
Domestic hot water is provided by an indirect hot water heater with a 120 gallon storage
capacity.
Energy Audit – Final Report
Jimmy Huntington High School and Elementary School
Huslia, Alaska
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3.0 BENCHMARKING 2010 UTILITY DATA
Benchmarking building energy use consists of obtaining and then analyzing two years of energy
bills. The original utility bills are necessary to determine the raw usage, and charges as well as
to evaluate the utility’s rate structure. The metered usage of electrical and natural gas
consumption is measured monthly, but heating oil, propane, wood, and other energy sources
are normally billed upon delivery and provide similar information. During benchmarking,
information is compiled in a way that standardizes the units of energy and creates energy use
and billing rate information statistics for the building on a square foot basis. The objectives of
benchmarking are:
to understand patterns of use,
to understand building operational characteristics,
for comparison with other similar facilities in Alaska and across the country, and
to offer insight in to potential energy savings.
The results of the benchmarking, including the energy use statistics and comparisons to other
areas, are discussed in the following sections.
Energy Audit – Final Report
Jimmy Huntington High School and Elementary School
Huslia, Alaska
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3.1 Total Energy Use and Cost of 2010
The energy use profiles below show the energy and cost breakdowns for Jimmy Huntington
High School and Elementary. The total annual energy use for the buildings is 1,842 mmBTUs at
a cost of $ 86,010. These charts show the portion of use for a fuel type and the portion of its
cost.
The above charts indicate that the highest portion of energy use is for oil and the highest portion
of cost is for electric. Fuel oil consumption correlates directly to space heating and domestic hot
water while electrical use can correlate to lighting systems, plug loads, and HVAC equipment.
The energy type with the highest cost often provides the most opportunity for savings.
Electric,
422
23%
Oil,
1,419.32
77%
Energy Use Total (mmBTU)
Electric,
$52,859
61%
Oil,
$33,151
39%
Energy Cost Total
Energy Audit – Final Report
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Huslia, Alaska
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3.2 Energy Utilization Index of 2010
The primary benchmarking statistic is the Energy Utilization Index (EUI). The EUI is calculated
from the utility bills and provides a simple snapshot of the quantity of energy actually used by
the building on a square foot and annual basis. The calculation converts the total energy use
for the year from all sources in the building, such as heating fuel and electrical usage, into
British Thermal Units (BTUs). This total annual usage is then divided by the number of square
feet of the building. The EUI units are BTUs per square foot per year.
The benchmark analysis found that the Jimmy Huntington High School and Elementary has an
EUI of 108,000 BTUs per square foot per year.
The EUI is useful in comparing this building’s energy use to that of other similar buildings in
Alaska and in the Continental United States. The EUI can be compared to average energy use
in 2003 found in a study by the U.S. Energy Information Administration of commercial buildings
(abbreviated CBECS, 2006). That report found an overall average energy use of about 90,000
BTUs per square foot per year while studying about 6,000 commercial buildings of all sizes,
types, and uses that were located all over the Continental U.S. (see Table C3 in Appendix I).
In a recent and unpublished state-wide benchmarking study sponsored by the Alaska Housing
Finance Corporation, schools in Fairbanks averaged 62,000 BTUs per square foot and schools
in Anchorage averaged 123,000 BTUs per square foot annual energy use. The chart below
shows the Jimmy Huntington High School and Elementary relative to these values. These
findings are discussed further in Appendix H.
108,000
62,000
123,000
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
Btu/ Sq. FtAnnual Energy Use Index (Total Energy/ SF)
Jimmy Huntington Schools Fairbanks Schools Anchorage Schools
Energy Audit – Final Report
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Huslia, Alaska
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3.3 Cost Utilization Index of 2010
Another useful benchmarking statistic is the Cost Utilization Index (CUI), which is the cost for
energy used in the building on a square foot basis per year. The CUI is calculated from the cost
for utilities for a year period. The CUI permits comparison of buildings on total energy cost even
though they may be located in areas with differing energy costs and differing heating and/or
cooling climates. The cost of energy, including heating oil, natural gas, and electricity, can vary
greatly over time and geographic location and can be higher in Alaska than other parts of the
country.
The CUI for Jimmy Huntington High School and Elementary School is about $5.03/SF. This is
based on utility costs from 2010 and the following rates:
Electricity at $ 0.43 / kWh ($ 12.60 / Therm)
# 1 Fuel Oil at $ 3.27 / gallon ($ 2.44 / Therm)
The Department of Energy Administration study, mentioned in the previous section (CBECS,
2006) found an average cost of $2.52 per square foot in 2003 for 4,400 buildings in the
Continental U.S (Tables C4 and C13 of CBDES, 2006). Schools in Fairbanks have an average
cost for energy of $2.42 per square foot while Anchorage schools average $2.11 per square
foot. The chart below shows the Jimmy Huntington High School and Elementary relative to
these values. More details are included in Appendix H.
$5.03
$2.42
$2.11
$0.00
$1.00
$2.00
$3.00
$4.00
$5.00
$6.00
Annual Energy Cost Index (Total Cost/ SF)
Jimmy Huntington Schools Fairbanks Schools Anchorage Schools
Energy Audit – Final Report
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Huslia, Alaska
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3.4 Seasonal Energy Use Patterns
Energy consumption is often highly correlated with seasonal climate and usage variations. The
graphs below show the electric and fuel consumption of this building over the course of two
years. The lowest monthly use is called the baseline use. The electric baseline often reflects
year round lighting consumption while the heating fuel baseline often reflects year round hot
water usage. The clear relation of increased energy usage during periods of cold weather can
be seen in the months with higher usage.
This amount of oil is based on AkWarm estimated oil consumption.
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
Jun-09Aug-09Oct-09Dec-09Feb-10Apr-10Jun-10Aug-10Oct-10Dec-10Feb-11Apr-11Jun-11KWHElectrical Consumption
0
500
1000
1500
2000
Jun-09Aug-09Oct-09Dec-09Feb-10Apr-10Jun-10Aug-10Oct-10Dec-10Feb-11Apr-11Jun-11GallonsEstimated Oil Consumption for 2010
16,500
17,000
17,500
18,000
18,500
Jun-09Aug-09Oct-09Dec-09Feb-10Apr-10Jun-10Aug-10Oct-10Dec-10Feb-11Apr-11Jun-11GallonsOil Deliveries
Energy Audit – Final Report
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3.5 Future Energy Monitoring
Energy accounting is the process of tracking energy consumption and costs. It is important for
the building owner or manager to monitor and record both the energy usage and cost each
month. Comparing trends over time can assist in pinpointing major sources of energy usage and
aid in finding effective energy efficiency measures. There are two basic methods of energy
accounting: manual and automatic. Manual tracking of energy usage may already be performed
by an administrative assistant, however if the records are not scrutinized for energy use, then
the data is merely a financial accounting. Digital energy tracking systems, such as Smart Meters
for commercial or TED for residential, can be installed. They display and record real-time energy
usage and accumulated energy use and cost. There are several other types including OptoEMU
by Opto22 which has all of the information accessible via Ethernet browser.
Currently, JHHS and JHES both share heating fuel out of a central tank which also provides
heating fuel to neighboring buildings making it difficult to quantify the amount of energy being
used. An easy way to monitor energy in terms of heat for JHHS and JHES would be to install a
BTU meter at the supply and return lines of their respective heating lines. Totalized BTU data
can be collected monthly to help estimate actual fuel consumption in each school. This
information, along with oil fill up documentation, will allow for future energy evaluations to be
more accurately performed.
Along with sharing heating fuel, the High School and Elementary both also share the same
electrical meter. Having this electrical meter split between the two buildings would allow for
individual energy usage for the two buildings to be more accurately determined. This can be
accomplished by adding an electric sub meter before the main panel in each school that is not
on the main service.
Energy Audit – Final Report
Jimmy Huntington High School and Elementary School
Huslia, Alaska
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4.0 MODELING ENERGY CONSUMPTION
After benchmarking of a building is complete and the site visit has identified the specific systems
in the building, a number of different methods are available for quantifying the overall energy
consumption and to model the energy use. These range from relatively simple spreadsheets to
commercially available modeling software capable of handling complex building systems.
NORTECH has used several of these programs and uses the worksheets and software that
best matches the complexity of the building and specific energy use that is being evaluated.
Modeling of an energy efficiency measure (EEM) requires an estimate of the current energy
used by the specific feature, the estimated energy use of the proposed EEM and its installed
cost. EEMs can range from a single simple upgrade, such as light bulb type or type of motor, to
reprogramming of the controls on more complex systems. While the need for a major retrofit
can typically be identified by an energy audit, the specific system upgrades often require
collecting additional data and engineering and design efforts that are beyond the scope of the
Level II energy audit.
Based on the field inspection results and discussions with the building owners/operators,
auditors developed potential EEMs for the facility. Common EEMs that could apply to almost
every older building include:
Reduce the envelope heat losses through:
o increased building insulation, and
o better windows and doors
Reduce temperature difference between inside and outside using setback thermostats
Upgrade inefficient:
o lights,
o motors,
o refrigeration units, and
o other appliances
Reduce running time of lights/appliances through:
o motion sensors,
o on/off timers,
o light sensors, and
o other automatic/programmable systems
The objective of the following sections is to describe how the overall energy use of the building
was modeled and the potential for energy savings. The specific EEMs that provide these overall
energy savings are detailed in Appendix A of this report. While the energy savings of an EEM is
unlikely to change significantly over time, the cost savings of an EEM is highly dependent on the
current energy price and can vary significantly over time. An EEM that is not currently
recommended based on price may be more attractive at a later date or with higher energy
prices.
Energy Audit – Final Report
Jimmy Huntington High School and Elementary School
Huslia, Alaska
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4.1 Understanding How AkWarm Models Energy Consumption
NORTECH used the AkWarm-C model for evaluating the overall energy consumption at Jimmy
Huntington High School and Elementary. The AkWarm program was developed by the Alaska
Housing Finance Corporation (AHFC) to model residential energy use. The original AkWarm is
the modeling engine behind the successful residential energy upgrade program that AHFC has
operated for a number of years. In the past few years, AHFC has developed a version of this
model for commercial buildings, referred to AkWarm-C. Although this report and commercial
energy auditors often refer to AkWarm, the actual model program used for this project is
AkWarm-C.
Energy use in buildings is modeled by calculating energy losses and consumption, such as:
Heat lost through the building envelope components, including windows, doors, walls,
ceilings, crawlspaces, and foundations. These heat losses are computed for each
component based on the area, heat resistance (R-value), and the difference between
the inside temperature and the outside temperature. AkWarm has a library of
temperature profiles for villages and cities in Alaska.
Window orientation, such as the fact that south facing windows can add heat in the
winter but north-facing windows do not.
Inefficiencies of the heating system, including the imperfect conversion of fuel oil or
natural gas due to heat loss in exhaust gases, incomplete combustion, excess air, etc.
Some electricity is also consumed in moving the heat around a building through
pumping.
Inefficiencies of the cooling system, if one exists, due to various imperfections in a
mechanical system and the required energy to move the heat around.
Lighting requirements and inefficiencies in the conversion of electricity to light; ultimately
all of the power used for lighting is converted to heat. While the heat may be useful in
the winter, it often isn’t useful in the summer when cooling may be required to remove
the excess heat. Lights are modeled by wattage and operational hours.
Use and inefficiencies in refrigeration, compressor cooling, and heat pumps. Some units
are more efficient than others. Electricity is required to move the heat from inside a
compartment to outside it. Again, this is a function of the R-Value and the temperature
difference between the inside and outside of the unit.
Plug loads such as computers, printers, mini-fridges, microwaves, portable heaters,
monitors, etc. These can be a significant part of the overall electricity consumption of
the building, as well as contributing to heat production.
The schedule of operation for lights, plug loads, motors, etc is a critical component of
how much energy is used.
AkWarm adds up these heat losses and the internal heat gains based on individual unit usage
schedules. These estimated heat and electrical usages are compared to actual use on both a
yearly and seasonal basis. If the AkWarm model is within 5 % to 10% of the most recent 12
months usage identified during benchmarking, the model is considered accurate enough to
make predictions of energy savings for possible EEMs.
Energy Audit – Final Report
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4.2 AkWarm Calculated Savings for Jimmy Huntington High Sch. and Elem. Sch.
Based on the field inspection results and discussions with the building owners/operators,
auditors developed potential EEMs for the facility. These EEMs are then entered into AkWarm
to determine if the EEM saves energy and is cost effective (i.e. will pay for itself). AkWarm
calculates the energy and money saved by each EEM and calculates the length of time for the
savings in reduced energy consumption to pay for the installation of the EEM. AkWarm makes
recommendations based on the Savings/Investment Ratio (SIR), which is defined as ratio of the
savings generated over the life of the EEM divided by the installed cost. Higher SIR values are
better and any SIR above one is considered acceptable. If the SIR of an EEM is below one, the
energy savings will not pay for the cost of the EEM and the EEM is not recommended.
Preferred EEMs are listed by AkWarm in order of the highest SIR.
A summary of the savings from the recommended EEMs are listed in this table.
Description
Space
Heating
(1)
Water
Heating
(1)
Lighting
(2) Refrigeration Other
Electrical Cooking Clothes
Drying
Ventilation
Fans
(2)
Total
Existing
Building $45,731 $5,059 $22,018 $817 $7,964 $75 $56 $1,976 $83,696
With All
Proposed
Retrofits
$36,400 $4,709 $15,190 $817 $7,964 $75 $56 $1,921 $67,132
Savings $9,331 $350 $6,828 $0 $0 $0 $0 $55 $16,564
1) Savings in these categories are a reflection of the 2010 fuel oil price. These savings can be
achieved with completed the EEMs. Next year’s savings could be higher due to higher
current fuel prices.
2) Savings in these categories are a reflection of the average 2010 electricity price. These
savings can be achieved with completed the EEMs. Next year’s savings could be higher due
to the higher current price of electricity.
Energy Audit – Final Report
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4.3 Additional Modeling Methods
The AkWarm program effectively models wood-framed and other buildings with standard
heating systems and relatively simple HVAC systems. AkWarm models of more complicated
mechanical systems are sometimes poor due to a number of simplifying assumptions and
limited input of some variables. Furthermore, AKWarm is unable to model complex HVAC
systems such as variable frequency motors, variable air volume (VAV) systems, those with
significant digital or pneumatic controls or significant heat recovery capacity. In addition, some
other building methods and occupancies are outside AkWarm capabilities.
This report section is included in order to identify benefits from modifications to those more
complex systems or changes in occupant behavior that cannot be addressed in AkWarm.
JHHS and JHES were calibrated within NORTECH standards in AKWarm. Retrofits for the
HVAC system were adequately modeled in AkWarm and did not require additional outside
calculations.
Due to the difficulty in quantifying the actual amount of heating fuel and electricity used in each
individual building, the JHHS and JHES were both modeled together in a single energy
consumption model. Modeling the two buildings together allowed for the actual electrical data to
be used. Since multiple buildings utilize the same fuel tank, JHHS and JHES were modeled as
accurately as possible with building details gathered during the visit. The amount of fuel oil
consumption AkWarm modeled was the amount of fuel consumption used in benchmarking and
reflected in savings.
Energy Audit – Final Report
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5.0 BUILDING OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE (O & M)
5.1 Operations and Maintenance
A well-implemented operation and maintenance (O & M) plan is often the driving force behind
energy savings. Such a plan includes preserving institutional knowledge, directs preventative
maintenance, and schedules regular inspections of each piece of HVAC equipment within the
building. Such a plan includes a regularly scheduled inspection of each piece of HVAC
equipment within the building. Routine maintenance includes the timely replacement of filters,
belts and pulleys, the proper greasing of bearings and other details such as topping off the
glycol tanks. Additional benefits to a maintenance plan are decreased down time for
malfunctioning equipment, early indications of problems, prevention of exacerbated
maintenance issues, and early detection of overloading/overheating issues. A good
maintenance person knows the building’s equipment well enough to spot and repair minor
malfunctions before they become major retrofits.
Operations and Maintenance staff implementing a properly designed O & M plan will:
Track and document
o Renovations and repairs,
o Utility bills and fuel consumption, and
o System performance.
Keep available for reference
o A current Building Operating Plan including an inventory of installed systems,
o The most recent available as-built drawings,
o Reference manuals for all installed parts and systems, and
o An up-to-date inventory of on-hand replacement parts.
Provide training and continuing education for maintenance personnel.
Plan for commissioning and re-commissioning at appropriate intervals.
5.2 Commissioning
Commissioning of a building is the verification that the HVAC systems perform within the design
or usage ranges of the Building Operating Plan. This process ideally, though seldom, occurs as
the last phase in construction. HVAC system operation parameters degrade from ideal over time
due to incorrect maintenance, improper replacement pumps, changes in facility tenants or
usage, changes in schedules, and changes in energy costs or loads. Ideally, re-commissioning
of a building should occur every five to ten years. This ensures that the HVAC system meets
the potentially variable use with the most efficient means.
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5.3 Building Specific Recommendations
General Maintenance Issues
The energy management system for the boilers was set to “hand” mode. This system
can potentially save the building money if used properly. It is recommended that a
controls contractor come look at the system for evaluation and provide significant
training for staff.
Weather-stripping around doors and windows should be evaluated and replaced as
needed.
Perform a boiler tune up on each boiler to ensure that they are running at their highest
efficiency possible.
Energy Audit – Final Report
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APPENDICES
Energy Audit – Final Report
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Appendix A Recommended Energy Efficiency Measures
A number of Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs) are available to reduce the energy use and
overall operating cost for the facility. The EEMs listed below are those recommended by
AkWarm based on the calculated savings/investment ration (SIR) as described in Appendix E.
AkWarm also provides a breakeven cost, which is the maximum initial cost of the EEM that will
still return a SIR of one or greater.
This section describes each recommended EEM and identifies the potential energy savings and
installation costs. This also details the calculation of breakeven costs, simple payback, and the
SIR for each recommendation. The recommended EEMs are grouped together generally by the
overall end use that will be impacted.
A.1 Temperature Control
20 programmable thermostats should be installed and/or programmed in JHHS and JHES.
Programmable thermostats allow for automatic temperature setback, which reduce usage more
reliably than manual setbacks. Reduction of the nighttime temperature set point in JHHS and
JHES will decrease the energy usage.
Rank Building Space Recommendation
1 JHHS
Implement a Heating Temperature
Unoccupied Setback to 60.0 deg F for the
School space.
Installation Cost $2,000 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 15 Energy Savings (/yr) $3,069
Breakeven Cost $40,991 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 21 Simple Payback yrs 1
Rank Building Space Recommendation
1 JHES
Implement a Heating Temperature
Unoccupied Setback to 65.0 deg F for the
Elementary space.
Installation Cost $2,000 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 15 Energy Savings (/yr) $794
Breakeven Cost $10,599 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 5.3 Simple Payback yrs 3
Energy Audit – Final Report
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A.2 Electrical Loads
A.2.1 Lighting
The electricity used by lighting eventually ends up as heat in the building. In areas where
electricity is more expensive than other forms of energy, or in areas where the summer
temperatures require cooling; this additional heat can be both wasteful and costly. Converting
to more efficient lighting reduces cooling loads in the summer and allows the user to control
heat input in the winter. The conversion from T12 (one and a half inch fluorescent bulbs) to T8
(one inch), T5 (5/8 inch), Compact Fluorescent Lights (CFL), or LED bulbs provides a significant
increase in efficiency. LED bulbs can be directly placed in existing fixtures. The LED bulb
bypasses the ballast altogether, which removes the often irritating, “buzzing” noise that
magnetic ballasts tend to make.
Incandescent lamps of various wattages are found throughout the schools. This type of lighting
is inefficient and should be replaced with more efficient compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs).
Some of the Exit signs in Jimmy Huntington High School and Elementary contain incandescent
lamps. A common retrofit for this type of lighting is LED style exit signs which perform the same
task at a much lower energy usage.
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
3 112 INCAN A Lamp, Std 150W with Manual
Switching
Replace with FLUOR CFL,
Spiral 42 W
Installation Cost $15 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 7 Energy Savings (/yr) $80
Breakeven Cost $487 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 33 Simple Payback yrs 0
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
3 108, 114, 115 6 INCAN A Lamp, Std 100W with Manual
Switching
Replace with 6 FLUOR CFL,
Spiral 26 W
Installation Cost $70 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 7 Energy Savings (/yr) $79
Breakeven Cost $481 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 6.9 Simple Payback yrs 1
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
3 Elementary Exit Inc INCAN [Unknown Lamp] with Manual
Switching
Replace with LED 4W Module
StdElectronic
Installation Cost $75 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 15 Energy Savings (/yr) $82
Breakeven Cost $934 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 13 Simple Payback yrs 1
Energy Audit – Final Report
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Primary lighting in Jimmy Huntington High School and Elementary is already reasonably
efficient with 25 watt T8 lamps. A retrofit to 17 watt LED tubes was considered but is not
economical at this time, refer to Appendix B. In areas of high usage and varying occupancy,
occupancy sensors can be used to make the existing lighting more efficient.
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
3 High School Ext 5 HPS 150 Watt StdElectronic with Manual
Switching
Replace with 5 LED 27W
Module StdElectronic
Installation Cost $3,202 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 15 Energy Savings (/yr) $1,182
Breakeven Cost $13,879 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 4.3 Simple Payback yrs 3
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
3 Elementary Exterior 2 HPS 150 Watt StdElectronic with Manual
Switching
Replace with 2 LED 27W
Module StdElectronic
Installation Cost $1,281 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 15 Energy Savings (/yr) $461
Breakeven Cost $5,419 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 4.2 Simple Payback yrs 3
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
3 High School Ext 2 HPS 70 Watt StdElectronic with Manual
Switching
Replace with 2 LED 17W
Module StdElectronic
Installation Cost $591 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 15 Energy Savings (/yr) $210
Breakeven Cost $2,466 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 4.2 Simple Payback yrs 3
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
3 Elementary Exterior 5 HPS 70 Watt StdElectronic with Manual
Switching, On/Off Photoswitch
Replace with 5 LED 17W
Module StdElectronic
Installation Cost $1,478 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 15 Energy Savings (/yr) $394
Breakeven Cost $4,623 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 3.1 Simple Payback yrs 4
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
6 111 19 FLUOR (3) T12 4' F40T12 34W Energy-
Saver (2) Magnetic with Manual Switching Add new Occupancy Sensor
Installation Cost $500 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 10 Energy Savings (/yr) $449
Breakeven Cost $3,691 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 7.4 Simple Payback yrs 1
Energy Audit – Final Report
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Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
6 121, 123, 124
44 FLUOR (3) T8 4' F32T8 25W Energy-
Saver (2) Instant StdElectronic with Manual
Switching
Add new Occupancy Sensor
Installation Cost $1,500 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 10 Energy Savings (/yr) $569
Breakeven Cost $4,681 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 3.1 Simple Payback yrs 3
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
6 Special Education,
Library
16 FLUOR (3) T8 4' F32T8 25W Energy-
Saver (2) Instant StdElectronic with Manual
Switching
Add new Occupancy Sensor
Installation Cost $750 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 10 Energy Savings (/yr) $207
Breakeven Cost $1,700 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 2.3 Simple Payback yrs 4
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
6 116
18 FLUOR (3) T8 4' F32T8 25W Energy-
Saver (2) Instant StdElectronic with Manual
Switching
Add new Occupancy Sensor
Installation Cost $1,000 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 10 Energy Savings (/yr) $233
Breakeven Cost $1,914 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 1.9 Simple Payback yrs 4
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
6 112 12 FLUOR (2) T12 4' F40T12 40W
Standard Magnetic with Manual Switching Add new Occupancy Sensor
Installation Cost $1,000 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 10 Energy Savings (/yr) $218
Breakeven Cost $1,795 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 1.8 Simple Payback yrs 5
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
6 22, 21 hallway,
Classroom 1 & 2
20 FLUOR (4) T8 4' F32T8 25W Energy-
Saver (2) Instant StdElectronic with Manual
Switching
Add new Occupancy Sensor
Installation Cost $1,750 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 10 Energy Savings (/yr) $338
Breakeven Cost $2,782 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 1.6 Simple Payback yrs 5
Energy Audit – Final Report
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Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
6 Library, Existing Hall
12
11 FLUOR (2) T8 4' F32T8 25W Energy-
Saver Instant StdElectronic with Manual
Switching
Add new Occupancy Sensor
Installation Cost $750 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 10 Energy Savings (/yr) $93
Breakeven Cost $765 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 1.0 Simple Payback yrs 8
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
6 102
32 FLUOR (2) T8 8' F96T8/HO 86W
Standard Instant StdElectronic with Manual
Switching
Remove Manual Switching and
Add new Occupancy Sensor
Installation Cost $10,000 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 10 Energy Savings (/yr) $1,048
Breakeven Cost $8,619 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 0.9 Simple Payback yrs 10
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
6 22, Entry 1
9 FLUOR (2) T8 4' F32T8 25W Energy-
Saver Instant StdElectronic with Manual
Switching
Add new Occupancy Sensor
Installation Cost $750 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 10 Energy Savings (/yr) $76
Breakeven Cost $623 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 0.8 Simple Payback yrs 10
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
6 117
11 FLUOR (2) T8 4' F32T8 25W Energy-
Saver Instant StdElectronic with Manual
Switching
Add new Occupancy Sensor
Installation Cost $1,000 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 10 Energy Savings (/yr) $93
Breakeven Cost $762 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 0.8 Simple Payback yrs 11
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
6 117
6 FLUOR (3) T8 4' F32T8 25W Energy-
Saver Instant StdElectronic with Manual
Switching
Add new Occupancy Sensor
Installation Cost $1,000 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 10 Energy Savings (/yr) $74
Breakeven Cost $612 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 0.6 Simple Payback yrs 13
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
6 Principal's
3 FLUOR (3) T8 4' F32T8 25W Energy-
Saver Instant StdElectronic with Manual
Switching
Add new Occupancy Sensor
Installation Cost $500 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 10 Energy Savings (/yr) $37
Breakeven Cost $306 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 0.6 Simple Payback yrs 13
Energy Audit – Final Report
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A.2.2 Other Electrical Loads
No EEMs are recommended in this area because there are no significant plug loads in Jimmy
Huntington High School and Elementary.
A.3 Building Envelope: Recommendations for change
A.3.1 Exterior Walls
No EEMs are recommended in this area. An upgrade to the existing walls in the Elementary
School was considered but is not economical at this time.
A.3.2 Foundation and/or Crawlspace
The perimeter of the crawlspace floor can be further insulated by laying down poly-wrapped
fiberglass batts. This a recently developed method to save additional energy and keep the
crawlspace warmer.
A.3.3 Roofing and Ceiling
No EEMs are recommended in this area. Adding blown in cellulose insulation to the existing
insulation of both buildings was considered but is not economical at this time.
A.3.4 Windows
No EEMs are recommended in this area. An upgrade from the existing windows to better
insulated vinyl windows was considered but was not economical at this time.
A.3.5 Doors
No EEMs are recommended in this area. An upgrade from the existing doors to better insulated
doors was considered but was not economical at this time.
Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation
5
On- or Below-Grade
Floor, Perimeter:
High School
Insulation for 0' to 2' Perimeter: XPS
(Blue/Pink Foam), 1 inches
Insulation for 2' to 4' Perimeter: None
ModeLED R-Value: 18.3
Install R-30 Poly-wrapped
Fiberglass Batts on the
Perimeter 4 feet of the Crawl
Space Floor.
Installation Cost $7,790 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 30 Energy Savings (/yr) $700
Breakeven Cost $16,275 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 2.1 Simple Payback yrs 11
Energy Audit – Final Report
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A.4 Building Heating System / Air Conditioning
A.4.1 Heating and Heat Distribution
Jimmy Huntington High School’s and Elementary’s heating systems currently use single speed
pumps. The operating pumps should be replaced with more efficient variable speed pumps
comparable to Grundfos Magnas. These pumps have been shown to save a minimum of 50% of
electrical energy over conventional pumps due to the motor design. Variable speed pumps work
well in systems that experience flow variation, as the pumps are capable of changing speeds
and reduced speeds save energy.
The domestic hot water circulating pump currently runs 24/7. This pump should be replaced
with a domestic hot water pump with a built in timer. Utilizing the timer will allow for the pump to
be turned off during unoccupied times.
A.4.2 Air Conditioning
No EEMs are recommended in this area because there is no air conditioning system installed in
Jimmy Huntington High School and Elementary.
A.4.3 Ventilation
In the Jimmy Huntington Elementary mechanical room, there is an exhaust fan that runs
continuously. This exhaust fan should was intended to be temporary and should be
disconnected.
A.4.4 Air Changes and Air Tightening
No EEMs are recommended in this area because of the difficulty of quantifying the amount of
leaking air and the savings. However, using a blower door test with an infra-red camera, the
location of significant leaks can be determined and repaired.
Rank Recommendation
4
Replace Elem CP1A, CP3A, CP3B with Grundfos Magna 65-120 or Equiv, Replace HS CP1, CP2,
CP1A, CP1B with Grundfos Magna 65-120 or Equiv, Replace CP3B with Grundfos Alpha or Equiv,
Place Hot Water circ pump on a timer to reduce time on
Installation Cost $21,600 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 20 Energy Savings (/yr) $5,879
Breakeven Cost $82,776 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 3.8 Simple Payback yrs 4
Rank Recommendation
2 Disconnect elementary boiler room exhaust fan
Installation Cost $500 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 15 Energy Savings (/yr) $199
Breakeven Cost $2,570 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 5.1 Simple Payback yrs 3
Energy Audit – Final Report
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Appendix B Energy Efficiency Measures that are NOT Recommended
As indicated in other sections of the report, a number of potential EEMs were identified that
were determined to be NOT cost effective by the AkWarm model. These EEMs are not
currently recommended on the basis of energy savings alone because each may only save a
small amount of energy, have a high capital cost, or be expensive to install. While each of
these EEMs is not cost effective at this time, future changes in building use such as longer
operating hours, higher energy prices, new fixtures or hardware on the market, and decreases
in installation effort may make any of these EEMs cost effective in the future. These potential
EEMs should be reviewed periodically to identify any changes to these factors that would
warrant re-evaluation.
Although these upgrades are not currently cost effective on an energy cost basis, the fixtures,
hardware, controls, or operational changes described in these EEMs should be considered
when replacing an existing fixture or unit for other reasons. For example, replacing an existing
window with a triple-pane window may not be cost effective based only on energy use, but if a
window is going to be replaced for some other reason, then the basis for a decision is only the
incremental cost of upgrading from a less efficient replacement window to a more efficient
replacement window. That incremental cost difference will have a significantly shorter payback,
especially since the installation costs are likely to be the same for both units.
The following measures were not found to be cost-effective:
Rank Feature/
Location Improvement Description
Estimated
Annual
Energy
Savings
Estimated
Installed
Cost
Savings to
Investment
Ratio, SIR
Simple
Payback
(Years)
7
Exterior Door:
Elementrary
Metal 1/2 Lite
Remove existing door and
install standard pre-hung U-
0.16 insulated door, including
hardware.
$61 $1,731 0.81 29
8
Exterior Door:
Highschool metal
full lite
Remove existing door and
install standard pre-hung U-
0.16 insulated door, including
hardware.
$67 $1,904 0.81 29
9
Above-Grade
Wall: Elementary
Original
Install R-30 rigid foam board to
exterior and cover with T1-11
siding or equivalent.
$1,444 $49,021 0.69 34
10
Exterior Door:
Highschool metal
1/4 lite
Remove existing door and
install standard pre-hung U-
0.16 insulated door, including
hardware.
$52 $1,817 0.67 35
11
Exterior Door:
Elementary Metal
1/4 Lite
Remove existing door and
install standard pre-hung U-
0.16 insulated door, including
hardware.
$99 $3,461 0.67 35
12 Ceiling w/ Attic:
Elementary
Add R-21 blown cellulose
insulation to attic with
Standard Truss.
$356 $13,580 0.61 38
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The following measures were not found to be cost-effective:
Rank Feature/
Location Improvement Description
Estimated
Annual
Energy
Savings
Estimated
Installed
Cost
Savings to
Investment
Ratio, SIR
Simple
Payback
(Years)
13
Lighting:
Highschool Other
T8 25 2 1 school
- 105
Add new Occupancy Sensor $34 $500 0.56 15
14
Window/Skylight:
Elementry
Double Vinyl
Other <3/8
Replace existing window with
U-0.22 vinyl window $93 $3,645 0.44 39
15 Exterior Door:
Elementary Metal
Remove existing door and
install standard pre-hung U-
0.16 insulated door, including
hardware.
$97 $5,192 0.43 54
16 Exterior Door:
Highschool Metal
Remove existing door and
install standard pre-hung U-
0.16 insulated door, including
hardware.
$134 $7,182 0.43 54
17
Above-Grade
Wall: Elementary
New
Install R-30 rigid foam board to
exterior and cover with T1-11
siding or equivalent.
$579 $32,191 0.42 56
18
Lighting:
Highschool Wrap
T8 25 2 1 school
- 103, 104, 106,
107, 120, 122
Improve Manual Switching $144 $3,000 0.40 21
19
Window/Skylight:
Elementary
Double Vinyl
Other >3/8
Replace existing window with
U-0.22 vinyl window $585 $26,710 0.38 46
20
Window/Skylight:
Elementry
Double Vinyl
South >3/8
Replace existing window with
U-0.30 vinyl window $17 $999 0.29 59
21
Window/Skylight:
Highschool Triple
Vinyl Storm
Other lowe
Replace existing window with
U-0.22 vinyl window $128 $12,718 0.17 99
22
Lighting:
Elementary Core
Wrap T8 25 2 1
3hr/day - Boy's
RR 17, Girl's RR
18
Add new Occupancy Sensor $19 $1,000 0.16 52
23
Lighting:
Elementary
Perimeter Wrap
T8 25 4 2
1hr/day - 23
Add new Occupancy Sensor $2 $500 0.03 306
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Alternative Lighting Retrofit
As an alternative, school lighting was replaced with LED tubes instead of using occupancy
sensors. Replacing primary lighting with 17 watt LED tubes would save the most amount of
kWh but is not cost effective at this time.
Rank Location Recommendation
n/a
Lighting: High
School and
Elementary
Replace primary lighting with 17 watt LEDs
Installation Cost $3,777 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs) 15 Energy Savings (/yr) $3,777
Breakeven Cost $48,532 Savings-to-Investment Ratio 0.79 Simple Payback yrs 16
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Appendix C Significant Equipment List
HVAC Equipment
Equipment Manufacturer Model No. Fuel Type Estimated
Efficiency Notes
High School
Boilers Burnham V90 5A #1 82% qty: 2
Elementary
Boilers Burnham V903 A #1 80% qty: 2
HS CP1, CP2 Grundfos UP 50-80/2 F Electric - Set on Speed 1
HS CP1A, CP2A Grundfos UP 50-80/2 F Electric - Set on Speed 3
HS CP3A Bell & Gosset - Electric - runs 24/7
HS CP3B Grundfos UP 15-58 Electric - Set on Speed 3
Elem CP1A, CP2a Grundfos UP 50-80/2 F Electric - Set on Speed 2
Elem CP1B, CP2B Armstrong - Electric - 1/6 HP, 3400
RPM
Elem Supply 1,
Supply 2 Grundfos UMC 50-80 Electric - Set on Speed 3
Cabinet Heater
Type 1 Airtherm C30-1L-1F Electric - 0.03 hp, 1050
RPM
Cabinet Heater
Type 2 Rittling RF1240-
038A0L Electric - 1/30 HP
Cabinet Heater
Type 3 Trane LM46A002 Electric - 1/30 HP
Lighting
Location Lighting Type Bulb Type Quantity KWH/YR Cost/YR
HS- 102 Fluorescent 8 ft- T8 32 12,177 $ 5,236
HS- 121, 123, 124 Fluorescent T8 44 6,584 2,831
HS- 111 Fluorescent T12 19 5,196 2,234
Elem- 22, 21 hallway,
Classroom 1 & 2 Fluorescent T8 20 3,920 1,686
HS- Exterior Metal Halide 150 watt 5 3,271 1,407
HS- 116 Fluorescent T8 18 2,694 1,158
HS- 112 Fluorescent T12 12 2,528 1,087
Elem- Special Education,
Library Fluorescent T8 16 2,394 1,029
HS- 103, 104, 106, 107, 120,
122 Fluorescent T8 17 1,666 716
Elem- Exterior Metal Halide 70 watt 5 1,163 500
Elem- Library, Existing Hall 12 Fluorescent T8 11 1,078 464
HS- 117 Fluorescent T8 11 1,078 464
Energy Consumption calculated by AkWarm based on wattage, schedule and an electric rate of $ 0.43/kWh
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Plug Loads
Equipment Location Manufacturer KWH/YR Cost/YR
Server Tower High School varies 7,013 $ 3,016
Server Tower Elementary varies 3,506 1,508
High School Space
Heaters Offices Comfort Zone 2,683 1,154
Refrigerator 116 Kenmore 1,500 645
Laptops Elementary varies 1,141 491
Laptops High School varies 942 405
Copier High School Toshiba 535 230
Microwave Elementary General Electric 491 211
Mini Fridge Elementary Kenmore 400 172
Energy Consumption calculated by AkWarm based on wattage, schedule and an electric rate of $ 0.43/kWh
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Appendix D Local Utility Rate Structure
The information in this section was provided directly from the local utility or gathered from the
local utility’s publicly available information at the time of the audit. All language used in this
section was provided by the local utility and believed to be current at the time of the audit.
Energy use terms, specific fees, and other specific information are subject to change. Updated
rate structure information should be gathered from the utility during future discussion of rates,
rate structures and utility pricing agreements. Jimmy Huntington High School and Elementary
School are classified as a Large Power GS-2 customer.
Alaska Village Electric Cooperative, Inc. (AVEC)
4831 Eagle St.
Anchorage, Alaska, 99503
(907) 561-1818
AVEC Large Power (GS-2) Rate Structure
Rate Component Unit Charge
Customer Charge $45.00
First 1500 kWh $0.12 per kWh
Over 1500 kWh $0.04 per kWh
Demand Charge $45.00/KW
Cost of Fuel $0.2891 per kWh
Regulatory Cost Charge (RCC) $0.000492 per kWh
Average 2010 Rate (Jimmy
Huntington High School and
Elementary School)
$0.43 per kWh
Customer Charge
A flat fee that covers costs for meter reading, billing and customer service.
Utility Charge (kWh charge)
This charge is multiplied by the number of kilowatt-hours (kWh) used in a monthly billing period. It
covers the costs to maintain power plants and substations, interest on loans as well as wires, power
poles and transformers.
Regulatory Charge
This charge of .000492 per kWh is set by the Regulatory Commission of Alaska (RCA). Since
November 1, 1992, the Regulatory Commission of Alaska has been funded by a Regulatory Charge
to the utilities it regulates rather than through the State general fund. The charge, labeled
"Regulatory Cost Charge." on your bill, is set by the RCA, and applies to all retail kilowatt-hours sold
by regulated electric utilities in Alaska.
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Demand Charge
This charge is based upon high KW demand during the month or 85% of the highest KW demand
(ratchet) during the past 12 months, whichever is higher.
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Appendix E Analysis Methodology
Data collected was processed using AkWarm energy use software to estimate current energy
consumption by end usage and calculate energy savings for each of the proposed energy
efficiency measures (EEMs). In addition, separate analysis may have been conducted to
evaluate EEMs that AkWarm cannot effectively model to evaluate potential reductions in annual
energy consumption. Analyses were conducted under the direct supervision of a Certified
Energy Auditor, Certified Energy Manager, or a Professional Engineer.
EEMs are evaluated based on building use, maintenance and processes, local climate
conditions, building construction type, function, operational schedule and existing conditions.
Energy savings are calculated based on industry standard methods and engineering
estimations. Each model created in AkWarm is carefully compared to existing utility usage
obtained from utility bills. The AkWarm analysis provides a number of tools for assessing the
cost effectiveness of various improvement options. The primary assessment value used in this
audit report is the Savings/Investment Ratio (SIR). The SIR is a method of cost analysis that
compares the total cost savings through reduced energy consumption to the total cost of a
project over its assumed lifespan, including both the construction cost and ongoing maintenance
and operating costs. Other measurement methods include Simple Payback, which is defined as
the length of time it takes for the savings to equal the total installed cost and Breakeven Cost,
which is defined as the highest cost that would yield a Savings/Investment Ratio of one.
EEMs are recommended by AkWarm in order of cost-effectiveness. AkWarm first calculates
individual SIRs for each EEM, and then ranks the EEMs by SIR, with higher SIRs at the top of
the list. An individual EEM must have a SIR greater than or equal to one in order to be
recommended by AkWarm. Next AkWarm modifies the building model to include the installation
of the first EEM and then re-simulates the energy use. Then the remaining EEMs are re-
evaluated and ranked again. AkWarm goes through this iterative process until all suggested
EEMs have been evaluated.
Under this iterative review process, the savings for each recommended EEM is calculated
based on the implementation of the other, more cost effective EEMs first. Therefore, the
implementation of one EEM affects the savings of other EEMs that are recommended later.
The savings from any one individual EEM may be relatively higher if the individual EEM is
implemented without the other recommended EEMs. For example, implementing a reduced
operating schedule for inefficient lighting may result in relatively higher savings than
implementing the same reduced operating schedule for newly installed lighting that is more
efficient. If multiple EEMs are recommended, AkWarm calculates a combined savings.
Inclusion of recommendations for energy savings outside the capability of AkWarm will impact
the actual savings from the AkWarm projections. This will almost certainly result in lower
energy savings and monetary savings from AkWarm recommendations. The reality is that only
so much energy is consumed in a building. Energy savings from one EEM reduces the amount
of energy that can be saved from additional EEMs. For example, installation of a lower wattage
light bulb does not save energy or money if the bulb is never turned on because of a schedule
or operational change at the facility.
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Appendix F Audit Limitations
The results of this audit are dependent on the input data provided and can only act as an
approximation. In some instances, several EEMs or installation methods may achieve the
identified potential savings. Actual savings will depend on the EEM selected, the price of
energy, and the final installation and implementation methodology. Competent tradesmen and
professional engineers may be required to design, install, or otherwise implement some of the
recommended EEMs. This document is an energy use audit report and is not intended as a
final design document, operation, and maintenance manual, or to take the place of any
document provided by a manufacturer or installer of any device described in this report.
Cost savings are calculated based on estimated initial costs for each EEM. Estimated costs
include labor and equipment for the full up-front investment required to implement the EEM.
The listed installation costs within the report are conceptual budgetary estimates and should not
be used as design estimates. The estimated costs are derived from Means Cost Data, industry
publications, local contractors and equipment suppliers, and the professional judgment of the
CEA writing the report and based on the conditions at the time of the audit.
Cost and energy savings are approximations and are not guaranteed.
Additional significant energy savings can usually be found with more detailed auditing
techniques that include actual measurements of electrical use, temperatures in the building and
HVAC ductwork, intake and exhaust temperatures, motor runtime and scheduling, and infrared,
air leakage to name just a few. Implementation of these techniques is the difference between a
Level III Energy Audit and the Level II Audit that has been conducted.
Disclaimer: "This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the
United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor
any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability
or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus,
product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned
rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name,
trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement,
recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The
views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the
United States Government or any agency thereof."
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Appendix G References
Although not all documents listed below are specifically referenced in this report, each contains
information and insights considered valuable to most buildings.
Alaska Department of Education and Early Development; Education Support Services/Facilities.
(1999). Alaska School Facilities Preventative Maintenance Handbook. Juneau, AK:
Alaska Department of Education and Early Development.
Alaska Housing Finance Corportation. (2010). Retrofit Energy Assessment for Loans. AHFC.
ASHRAE. (1997). 1997 ASHRAE Handbook: Fundamentals. Atlanta, GA: ASHRAE.
ASHRAE. (2007). ASHRAE Standard 105-2007 Expressing and Comparing Building Energy
Performance. Retrieved from ASHRAE: www.ashrae.org
ASHRAE. (2007). ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007 Energy Standards for buildings Except Low-
Rise Residential Buildings. Retrieved from ASHRAE: www.ashrae.org
ASHRAE. (2010). ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2010 Ventilaton for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality.
Retrieved from ASHRAE: www.ashrae.org
ASHRAE. (2010). ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2010 Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality in
Low Rise Residential Buildings. Retrieved from ASHRAE: www.ashrae.org
ASHRAE RP-669 and SP-56. (2004). Procedures for Commercial Building Energy Audits.
Atlanta, GA: ASHRAE.
Coad, W. J. (1982). Energy Engineering and Management for Building Systems. Scarborough,
Ontario, Canada: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company.
Daley, D. T. (2008). The Little Black Book of Reliability Management. New York, NY: Industrial
Press, Inc.
Federal Energy Management Program. (2004, March 3). Demand Controlled Ventilation Using
CO2 Sensors. Retrieved 2011, from US DOE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy:
http://www.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/fta_co2.pdf
Federal Energy Management Program. (2006, April 26). Low-Energy Building Design
Guidelines. Retrieved 2011, from Department of Energy; Federal Energy Management
Program: http://www.eren.doe.gov/femp/
Institute, E. a. (2004). Variable Speed Pumping: A Guide to Successful Applications. Oxford,
UK: Elsevier Advanced Technology.
International Code Council. (2009). International Energy Conservation Code. Country Club Hills,
IL: International Code Council, Inc.
Leach, M., Lobato, C., Hirsch, A., Pless, S., & Torcellini, P. (2010, September). Technical
Support Document: Strategies for 50% Energy Savings in Large Office Buildings.
Retrieved 2011, from National Renewable Energy Laboratory:
http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy10osti/49213.pdf
Thumann, P.E., C.E.M., A., Younger, C.E.M., W. J., & Niehus, P.E., C.E.M., T. (2010).
Handbook of Energy Audits Eighth Edition. Lilburn, GA: The Fairmont Press, Inc.
U.S. Energy Information Administration. (2006). Commercial Building Energy Consumption
Survey (CBECS). Retrieved 2011, from Energy Information Administration:
http://www.eia.gov/emeu/cbecs/
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Appendix H Typical Energy Use and Cost – Fairbanks and Anchorage
This report provides data on typical energy costs and use on selected building in Fairbanks and
Anchorage, Alaska for comparative purposes only. The values provided by the US Energy
Information Administration CBECS study included a broader range of building types for the
Continental U.S. are not necessarily good comparatives for buildings and conditions in Alaska.
An assortment of values from CBECS may be found in Appendix I.
The Alaska data described in this report came from a benchmarking study NORTECH and other
Technical Services Providers (TSPs) completed on publicly owned buildings in Alaska under
contract with AHFC. This study acquired actual utility data for municipal buildings and schools
in Alaska for the two recent full years. The utility data included costs and quantities including
fuel oil, electricity, propane, wood, steam, and all other energy source usage. This resulted in a
database of approximately 900 buildings. During the course of the benchmarking study, the
comparisons made to the CBECS data appeared to be inappropriate for various reasons.
Therefore, this energy use audit report references the average energy use and energy cost of
Anchorage and Fairbanks buildings as described below.
The Alaska benchmarking data was evaluated in order to find valid comparison data. Buildings
with major energy use information missing were eliminated from the data pool. After detailed
scrutiny of the data, the most complete information was provided to NORTECH by the
Fairbanks North Star Borough School District (FNSBSD) and the Anchorage School District
(ASD). The data sets from these two sources included both the actual educational facilities as
well as the district administrative buildings and these are grouped together in this report as
Fairbanks and Anchorage schools. These two sources of information, being the most complete
and reasonable in-state information, have been used to identify an average annual energy
usage for Fairbanks and for Anchorage in order to provide a comparison for other facilities in
Alaska.
Several factors may limit the comparison of a specific facility to these regional indicators. In
Fairbanks, the FNSBSD generally uses number two fuel oil for heating needs and electricity is
provided by Golden Valley Electric Association (GVEA). GVEA produces electricity from a coal
fired generation plant with additional oil generation upon demand. A few of the FNSBSD
buildings in this selection utilize district steam and hot water. The FNSBSD has recently (the
last ten years) invested significantly in envelope and other efficiency upgrades to reduce their
operating costs. Therefore a reader should be aware that this selection of Fairbanks buildings
has energy use at or below average for the entire Alaska benchmarking database.
Heating in Anchorage is through natural gas from the nearby natural gas fields. Electricity is
also provided using natural gas. As the source is nearby and the infrastructure for delivery is in
place, energy costs are relatively low in the area. As a result, the ASD buildings have lower
energy costs, but higher energy use, than the average for the entire benchmarking database.
These special circumstances should be considered when comparing the typical annual energy
use for particular buildings.
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Appendix I Typical Energy Use and Cost – Continental U.S.
Released: Dec 2006
Next CBECS will be conducted in 2007
Table C3. Consumption and Gross Energy Intensity for Sum of Major Fuels for Non-Mall Buildings, 2003
All Buildings* Sum of Major Fuel Consumption
Number of
Buildings
(thousand)
Floorspace
(million
square feet)
Floorspace
per Building
(thousand
square feet)
Total
(trillion
BTU)
per
Building
(million
BTU)
per
Square
Foot
(thousand
BTU)
per
Worker
(million
BTU)
All Buildings* 4,645 64,783 13.9 5,820 1,253 89.8 79.9
Building Floorspace (Square Feet)
1,001 to 5,000 2,552 6,789 2.7 672 263 98.9 67.6
5,001 to 10,000 889 6,585 7.4 516 580 78.3 68.7
10,001 to 25,000 738 11,535 15.6 776 1,052 67.3 72.0
25,001 to 50,000 241 8,668 35.9 673 2,790 77.6 75.8
50,001 to 100,000 129 9,057 70.4 759 5,901 83.8 90.0
100,001 to 200,000 65 9,064 138.8 934 14,300 103.0 80.3
200,001 to 500,000 25 7,176 289.0 725 29,189 101.0 105.3
Over 500,000 7 5,908 896.1 766 116,216 129.7 87.6
Principal Building Activity
Education 386 9,874 25.6 820 2,125 83.1 65.7
Food Sales 226 1,255 5.6 251 1,110 199.7 175.2
Food Service 297 1,654 5.6 427 1,436 258.3 136.5
Health Care 129 3,163 24.6 594 4,612 187.7 94.0
Inpatient 8 1,905 241.4 475 60,152 249.2 127.7
Outpatient 121 1,258 10.4 119 985 94.6 45.8
Lodging 142 5,096 35.8 510 3,578 100.0 207.5
Retail (Other Than Mall) 443 4,317 9.7 319 720 73.9 92.1
Office 824 12,208 14.8 1,134 1,376 92.9 40.3
Public Assembly 277 3,939 14.2 370 1,338 93.9 154.5
Public Order and Safety 71 1,090 15.5 126 1,791 115.8 93.7
Religious Worship 370 3,754 10.1 163 440 43.5 95.6
Service 622 4,050 6.5 312 501 77.0 85.0
Warehouse and Storage 597 10,078 16.9 456 764 45.2 104.3
Other 79 1,738 21.9 286 3,600 164.4 157.1
Vacant 182 2,567 14.1 54 294 20.9 832.1
This report references the Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS), published by the U.S.
Energy Information Administration in 2006. Initially this report was expected to compare the annual energy
consumption of the building to average national energy usage as documented below. However, a direct comparison
between one specific building and the groups of buildings outlined below yielded confusing results. Instead, this
report uses a comparative analysis on Fairbanks and Anchorage data as described in Appendix F. An abbreviated
excerpt from CBECS on commercial buildings in the Continental U.S. is below.
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Appendix J List of Conversion Factors and Energy Units
1 British Thermal Unit is the energy required to raise one pound of water one degree F°
1 Watt is approximately 3.412 BTU/hr
1 horsepower is approximately 2,544 BTU/hr
1 horsepower is approximately 746 Watts
1 "ton of cooling” is approximately 12,000 BTU/hr, the amount of power required to
melt one short ton of ice in 24 hours
1 Therm = 100,000 BTU
1 KBTU = 1,000 BTU
1 KWH = 3413 BTU
1 KW = 3413 BTU/Hr
1 Boiler HP = 33,400 BTU/Hr
1 Pound Steam = approximately 1000 BTU
1 CCF of natural gas = approximately 1 Therm
1 inch H2O = 250 Pascal (Pa) = 0.443 pounds/square inch (psi)
1 atmosphere (atm) = 10,1000 Pascal (Pa)
BTU British Thermal Unit
CCF 100 Cubic Feet
CFM Cubic Feet per Minute
GPM Gallons per minute
HP Horsepower
Hz Hertz
kg Kilogram (1,000 grams)
kV Kilovolt (1,000 volts)
kVA Kilovolt-Amp
kVAR Kilovolt-Amp Reactive
KW Kilowatt (1,000 watts)
KWH Kilowatt Hour
V Volt
W Watt
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Appendix K List of Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
ACH Air Changes per Hour
AFUE Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency
Air Economizer A duct, damper, and automatic control system that
allows a cooling system to supply outside air to reduce
or eliminate the need for mechanical cooling.
Ambient Temperature Average temperature of the surrounding air
Ballast A device used with an electric discharge lamp to cause
the lamp to start and operate under the proper circuit
conditions of voltage, current, electrode heat, etc.
CO2 Carbon Dioxide
CUI Cost Utilization Index
CDD Cooling Degree Days
DDC Direct Digital Control
EEM Energy Efficiency Measure
EER Energy Efficient Ratio
EUI Energy Utilization Index
FLUOR Fluorescent
Grade The finished ground level adjoining a building at the
exterior walls
HDD Heating Degree Days
HVAC Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning
INCAN Incandescent
NPV Net Present Value
R-value Thermal resistance measured in BTU/Hr-SF-̊F (Higher
value means better insulation)
SCFM Standard Cubic Feet per Minute
Savings to Investment Ratio (SIR) Savings over the life of the EEM divided by Investment
capital cost. Savings includes the total discounted dollar
savings considered over the life of the improvement.
Investment in the SIR calculation includes the labor and
materials required to install the measure.
Set Point Target temperature that a control system operates the
heating and cooling system
Simple payback A cost analysis method whereby the investment cost of
an EEM is divided by the first year’s savings of the EEM
to give the number of years required to recover the cost
of the investment.
Energy Audit – Final Report
Jimmy Huntington High School and Elementary School
Huslia, Alaska
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Huntington)\Reports\Final\2012.07.11 Final AHFC Report HLA Jimmy Huntington High School And Elementary School.Docx
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Appendix L Building Floor Plan
JHHS Floor plan provided by Yukon Koyukuk School District
Energy Audit – Final Report
Jimmy Huntington High School and Elementary School
Huslia, Alaska
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Huntington)\Reports\Final\2012.07.11 Final AHFC Report HLA Jimmy Huntington High School And Elementary School.Docx
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JHES Floor plan drawn by NORTECH based on field dimensions and observations.