HomeMy WebLinkAboutInvestment Grade Energy Audit Buckland School 05-22-2012-EE
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ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
May 22, 2012 Page 2 of 72
Project # NABSD-BKC-RSA-01
Prepared for:
The Northwest Arctic Borough School District
May 22, 2012
Subject Building:
The Buckland School
Airport Road
Buckland, AK 99727
____________________________________________________________
Audit performed by:
_______________________________
James Fowler, PE, CEA #1705
Prime Contractor:
_______________________________
Richard S. Armstrong, PE, CEM, CEA
ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
May 22, 2012 Page 3 of 72
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Executive Summary 5
2. Audit and Analysis Background 14
3. Acknowledgements 16
4. Building Description & Function 17
5. Historic Energy Consumption 19
6. Interactive Effects of Projects 19
7. Loan Program 19
APPENDICES
Appendix A: Photos 21
Appendix B: AkWarm-C Report 27
Appendix C: Equipment Schedules 33
Appendix D: Additional, Building-Specific EEM detail 42
Appendix E: Specifications supporting EEM’s 53
Appendix F: Benchmark Data 59
Appendix G: Building Plans & Schematics 63
ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
May 22, 2012 Page 4 of 72
REPORT DISCLAIMERS
This audit was performed using American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA)
funds, managed by the Alaska Housing Finance Corporation (AHFC).
This energy audit is intended to identify and recommend potential areas of energy
savings, estimate the value of the savings and approximate the costs to implement the
recommendations. Any modifications or changes made to a building to realize the
savings must be designed and implemented by licensed, experienced professionals in
their fields. Lighting recommendations should all be first analyzed through a thorough
lighting analysis to assure that the recommended lighting upgrades will comply with
State of Alaska Statute as well as Illuminating Engineering Society (IES)
recommendations. Energy Audits of Alaska, LLC and Central Alaska Engineering
Company bear no responsibility for work performed as a result of this report.
Payback periods may vary from those forecasted due to the uncertainty of the final
installed design, configuration, equipment selected, and installation costs of
recommended Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs), or the operating schedules and
maintenance provided by the owner. Furthermore, EEMs are typically interactive, so
implementation of one EEM may impact the cost savings from another EEM. Neither
the auditor, Central Alaska Engineering Company, AHFC, or any other party involved in
preparation of this report accepts liability for financial loss due to EEMs that fail to meet
the forecasted payback periods.
This audit meets the criteria of an Investment Grade Audit (IGA) per the Association of
Energy Engineers definition, and is valid for one year. The life of the IGA may be
extended on a case-by-case basis, at the discretion of the AHFC.
IGA’s are the property of the State, and may be incorporated into AkWarm-C, the
Alaska Energy Data Inventory (ARIS), or other state and/or public information system.
AkWarm-C is a building energy modeling software developed under contract by AHFC.
This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy under Award
Number DE-EE0000095. This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored
by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government
nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or
implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness,
or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or
represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to
any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark,
manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement,
recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency
thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state
or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.
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ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
May 22, 2012 Page 6 of 72
The site visit to this building occurred on April 20th, 2012. The outside ambient
temperature was 30F and the relative humidity was 54%.
Buckland is a remote village located on the Buckland River which flows north
into Eschscholtz Bay, an arm of Kotzebue Sound, on the Chukchi Sea. The
village has just over 400 residents. As is typical, the school is the largest
building in the village; it was constructed in stages starting in 1977.
The original school building consisted of what is now the northeast wing. In 1984
that building was nearly doubled and in 1999 a major addition and renovation
was undertaken, creating the current building configuration.
There are approximately 170 students and 25 staff. The school has a
gymnasium used year round, a wood & engine shop, both used during the
school year, a well-equipped commercial kitchen and a secondary kitchen in the
cultural classroom which is used by itinerants and for special events.
A unique aspect of the 1999 renovation was the use of 6 insulated connexes
now located on the metal decking surrounding the building. They house the 15
school boilers, fire sprinkler apparatus and the generator. Overall the interior
and exterior of this building is very well maintained, and in very good condition.
A second noteworthy aspect is that the school boilers supply heat, domestic hot
water and cold water pre-heat to two adjacent housing units. These units were
included in the AkWarm-C model. It is strongly recommended to sub-meter this
energy outflow, see Appendix D-5. These housings units are not on the school
electric meter.
Energy Consumption and benchmark data
This building utilizes fuel oil for heating and electricity generated by the adjacent
village power plant.
Fuel oil and electrical benchmark data was provided by Northwest Arctic
Borough School District (NABSD) administrative personnel in Kotzebue.
Electrical data was consistent and reasonable, as meters are accurate and
readings are taken consistently. Several factors combine to make this fuel oil
data inconsistent and/or anomalous:
1.) There are 12 school related fuel tanks
2.) Only fuel tank level readings are taken for each tank, not actual consumption
3.) Fuel is moved between tanks and not recorded
4.) Additions to the 12 school tanks are not recorded
These factors make it difficult to determine fuel consumption for the school
building. It is strongly recommended to install cumulative flow meters on the
outlet of each tank to directly measure consumption by the boilers. (See
Appendix D-5) Given the current lack of direct measurements, best efforts were
ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
May 22, 2012 Page 7 of 72
made to use available data and create reasonable monthly consumption figures.
Calculations, assumptions and results are shown in Appendix F. Summarized
values for 12 months of electrical and fuel oil consumption are shown in Table 1
below:
Table 1 – Subject Building
12 month period from April 2011‐March 2012
Consumption Cost
Electricity ‐ kWh 336,983 $ 156,719
Fuel Oil ‐ gallons 67,954 $ 301,853
Totals $ 458,572
A benchmark measure of energy use relative to other similar function buildings
in the area is the Energy Use Index (EUI), which takes the total annual energy
used by the facility divided by the square footage area of the building, for a value
expressed in terms of kBTU/square foot (SF). This number can then be
compared to other buildings to see if it is average, higher or lower than similar-
use buildings in the area. Likewise, the Energy Cost Index (ECI) is the cost of all
energy used by the building expressed in $/SF of building area. The
comparison buildings chosen were the Gambell and Shishmaref Schools – the
auditor also performed the energy audits on these buildings. The benchmark
data for the comparison schools was from 2009 and 2010 and is averaged in
Table 2.
Table 2 – 2009 & 2010 Average EUI and ECI
Buckland
School
Gambell
School
Shishmaref
School
Continental US Average
for Places of Education**
Energy Use Index
(EUI) ‐ kBTU/SF 223 133 137 75‐102
Energy Cost Index
(ECI) ‐ $/SF $10.11 $6.22 $7.75 ‐
** Data retrieved from the US Energy Administration database, these figures are for “Places of
Education”, the most relevant category tracked by the USEA.
Evaluation of energy consumption & benchmark data
Table 2 shows that the subject building’s EUI and ECI is substantially higher
than the two very similar comparison buildings, the Gambell and Shishmaref
Schools.
As is typical for Alaskan buildings, a comparison to similar buildings in the
ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
May 22, 2012 Page 8 of 72
0 50 100 150 200 250
Buckland School
Gambell School
Shishmaref School
Fuel Oil EUI
Electrical EUI
continental US shows Alaska buildings have a much higher EUI – which is to be
expected given the weather differences.
A deeper investigation into the energy consumption of these three buildings
follows:
Chart 1
Chart 1 above shows the subject building’s gas and electrical EUI compared to
the two other similar use buildings.
Fuel Oil consumption:
All three of the buildings have a combination of offices, gymnasium, classrooms
and a commercial kitchen. Having audited all three buildings, the auditor
believes that the fuel oil consumption of this building is excessive, and most
likely is a result of either malfunctioning valves, dampers or other heating,
ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) components, or controls that are not
properly programmed. This assumes, of course, that the benchmark fuel oil
consumption data is reasonably accurate. This discussed in more detail later in
this report.
Electrical consumption:
Based on Chart 1, the subject building’s lower electrical consumption falls
between the other two buildings, and appears to be not otherwise noteworthy.
The teacher housing electrical consumption is not included in these figures.
ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
May 22, 2012 Page 9 of 72
Recommended Energy Efficiency Measures
Various Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs) have been analyzed for this
building to determine if they would provide energy savings with reasonably good
payback periods. EEMs are recommended for reasons including:
1.) they have a reasonably good payback period
2.) for code compliance
3.) end of life (EOL) replacement
4.) reasons pertaining to efficient building management
strategy, operations, maintenance and/or safety
All the EEMs considered for this facility are detailed in the attached AkWarm-C
Energy Audit Report in Appendix B and in Appendix D. Each EEM includes
payback times, estimated installation costs and estimated energy savings.
The summary EEM’s that follow are the only EEM’s that are recommended
for this building. Others have been considered (See Appendix D-3) but are not
considered to be justified or cost effective. The recommended EEM’s were
selected based on consideration from three perspectives: overall efficiency of
building management, reduction in energy consumption and return on
investment (ROI).
Efficient building management dictates, as an example: that all lights be
upgraded, that lamp inventory variations be minimized and that all appropriate
rooms have similar occupancy controls and setback thermostats - despite the
fact that a single or several rooms may have an unjustifiably long payback on
their individual lighting or controls upgrade.
Some of the summary EEM’s below contain individual EEM’s that are grouped
by type (i.e. all relevant lighting upgrades are summed and listed as a single
upgrade, all thermostat setback retrofits are grouped together and listed as a
single upgrade, etc.). They are prioritized as a group, with the highest ROI
(shortest payback) listed first. Maintenance savings are included in the
“estimated savings” figures below. Table 3 at the end of this section
summarizes these EEM’s and Appendix B and Appendix D provide additional
detail pertaining to each individual recommendation.
A.) SETBACK THERMOSTATS
A building-wide replacement of the existing low voltage adjustable
thermostats with 7-day digital programmable thermostats appears
ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
May 22, 2012 Page 10 of 72
to be underway. It is recommended to complete this upgrade and
set back temperatures to 55F during night time and unoccupied
hours. There were five 7-day programmable thermostats in the
school fan room, it is assumed that more will have to be purchased
and installed, hence the $3500 cost estimated below. Additionally,
the DDC controllers should have carbon dioxide (CO2) sensors
installed (if not already in place) and the AHU’s should be
controlled by room CO2 levels, rather than by schedule.
Appendices B-1 and B-5 provide detail for this EEM.
Combined Setback Thermostat EEM’s:
Estimated cost $ 3,500
Annual Savings $ 32,171
Payback 2 months
B.) REFRIGERATION
There are 3 full size residential type refrigerators in the school that
appear to be greater than 10 years old. At their EOL, they should
be replaced with Energy Star versions. See Appendix B-3 for
additional detail.
Combined refrigeration EEM’s:
Estimated cost (incremental difference
for the refrigerators) $ 225
Annual Savings $ 412
Payback 7 months
C.) MOTOR REPLACEMENTS
There are two motors (CP-1 & CP-2) in this building that are not
premium efficiency and are operating a sufficient number of hours
to justify immediate replacement with premium efficiency models.
All motors in this building, 5 HP and greater, are listed in Table 5 of
Appendix D-4. There is one additional motor (AHU-1) that should
be replaced at its EOL with a premium efficiency version.
Motor replacement EEM:
Estimated cost to replace 3 motors $ 1,400
Annual Savings $ 1,149
Payback 1.2 years
ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
May 22, 2012 Page 11 of 72
D.) HVAC SYSTEM
Retro-commissioning:
It is recommended to perform a retro-commissioning of the HVAC
system in this building. The fuel oil consumption of this building is
higher than it should be. This conclusion is based on 2
observations: the fuel oil EUI is significantly higher than both of the
comparison schools in Chart 1, and in order to reconcile the
forecasted oil consumption (in AkWarm-C) with actual oil
consumption, all the air handlers (AHU’s) had to be entered with
50% outside air (OSA). This OSA value is excessive – it may or
may not be the exact reason for the high consumption, but it
indicates that there is a problem with the HVAC controls or
components. It is recommended to audit and re-commission the
system to reduce consumption. Estimated cost for this activity is
$12,000. Savings were calculated by AkWarm-C by reducing OSA
inputs to 15%. Appendix B-2 contains additional detail.
Variable Frequency Drives (VFD’s):
It is recommended to add VFD’s to the 7.5 HP fan motors in
AHU-1 and AHU-2, the 5 HP fan motors in AHU-3 and AHU-5, and
the two 5 HP pump motors in CP-1 and CP-2. See Appendix D-2
for additional detail on VFD’s, and appendix B-2 & B14 for more
detail on cost and savings.
Boiler replacement:
Five of the fifteen boilers appear to be original equipment 1977
models, with an efficiency of 76%. These boilers are at or past
their lifetime expectancy. It is recommended to replace them with
the same WGO-9 Weil McLain models as the other 10 boilers.
See Appendix B-19 for additional detail.
Combined HVAC & VFD EEM:
Estimated cost $121,084
Annual savings $ 92,992
Payback 1.3 years
E.) LIGHTING AND LIGHTING CONTROLS
The lighting in this building was upgraded in 1999 with the
renovation and addition, but there are still energy efficiencies to be
obtained. It is recommended, at the next building re-lamp, to
replace all T8-32 watt lamps with T8-28 watt energy saver lamps.
It is also recommended to replace the few remaining T12 fixtures
with magnetic ballasts with T8 fixtures with high efficiency
electronic ballasts. It is recommended to add occupancy sensors
to all rooms.
ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
May 22, 2012 Page 12 of 72
It is further recommended to replace all exterior high intensity
discharge (HID) lighting (High Pressure Sodium, Mercury Vapor
and Metal Halide) with LED fixtures.
This EEM summarizes Appendix B-3, B-6 through 9, B-11 through
22, B-24 through 32. See Appendix E for more information on
occupancy sensors and energy saver 28 watt lamps.
Combined Lighting Control EEM’s:
Estimated cost $ 46,968
Annual Savings $ 14,567
Payback 3.4 years
F.) DESKTOP COMPUTERS & DESK PLUG LOADS
Desktop PC’s consume between 200 and 300 watts when in use.
Laptops consume between 50 and 100 watts when in use. It is
recommended to replace the 45 desktop PC’s with laptops at their
EOL. The incremental difference in cost is estimated to be $200
each and although the payback is slightly exceeds the 5 year life
expectancy of a laptop, the recommendation is still made. See
Appendix B-28.
Certain desk-related plug loads such as task lighting, printers,
computer monitors, etc. can be turned off automatically by using a
plug strip with an integrated occupancy sensor. When you leave
your desk area, this equipment will be turned off while a computer,
for example, will be left on. See Appendix E for an example of
such a device. Estimated cost for these devices is $125 ea,
estimated savings is very difficult to calculate, but anecdotal
evidence shows up to a 50% savings of desk-related plug
electrical consumption
Personal Computer EEM:
Estimated cost $ 11,000
Annual savings $ 1,886
Payback 5.8 years
A summary of the estimated cost totals and estimated annual savings
totals of the six (A. through F.) summary EEM’s listed above, is found in
Table 3 below, and again at the end of Appendix B.
ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
May 22, 2012 Page 13 of 72
Table 3
Combined total of recommended EEM’s
summarized above:
Estimated total cost $ 184,177
Annual Savings (including
maintenance savings) $ 143,177
Simple payback 1.3 years
Does not include design or construction management costs
In addition to EEM’s, various Energy Conservation Measures (ECM’s) are
recommended. ECM’s are policies or procedures to be followed by
management and employees that require no capital outlay. ECMs
recommended for this facility include:
1. Turn lights off when leaving a room that is not controlled by an
occupancy sensor.
2. All man-doors, roll-up doors and windows should be properly
maintained and adjusted to close and function properly.
3. Turn off computers, printers, faxes, etc. when leaving the office.
See sample plug load management device in Appendix E.
4. Re-configure building occupants and activities (in the case of the
Rec Center) to group un-occupied offices (i.e. no tenant or staff
using the space) or little used spaces, into the same HVAC zone
so that zone’s energy consumption can be set back to minimal
levels.
5. A building is a living mini-ecosystem and its use changes. Re-
evaluate building usage annually and confirm that building set
points, zones, lighting levels, etc. are optimized for the current
usage and occupancy.
6. Lamp replacement should be a scheduled, preventative
maintenance activity. Re-lamp the entire building or entire usage
zones (a zone of the building that has similar lighting usage, so
lamps have roughly the same lifetime) as part of a scheduled
preventative maintenance routine. This assures all lamps are the
same color temperature (e.g. 2700K, 3000K, etc.) which
enhances occupant comfort and working efficiency. It also
minimizes expense because it is more cost effective to order large
quantities of the same lamp, and more labor efficient to dedicate
maintenance staff to a single re-lamp activity in a building zone,
rather than replace individual lamps as they fail.
7. Replace HVAC filters regularly. Maintain optimal operation of all
dampers, actuators, valves and other HVAC components.
ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
May 22, 2012 Page 14 of 72
2. Audit and Analysis Background
Program Description: This audit included services to identify, develop, and
evaluate energy efficiency measures for the subject building. The scope of this
project included evaluating the building shell, lighting, hot water generation and
HVAC equipment. The auditor may or may not identify system deficiencies if
they exist. The auditor’s role is to identify areas of potential savings, many of
which may require more detailed investigation and analysis by other qualified
professionals.
a. Audit Description and Methodology: Preliminary audit information was
gathered in preparation for the site survey, including benchmark utility
consumption data, floor and lighting plans, and equipment schedules where
available. A site visit is then performed to inventory and evaluate the actual
building condition, including:
i. Building envelope (walls, doors, windows, etc)
ii. Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning
iii. Lighting systems and controls
iv. Building specific equipment
v. Plumbing Systems
b. Benchmark Utility Data Validation: Benchmark utility data provided
through AHFC’s initial phase of their REAL program is validated, confirming
that meter numbers on the subject building match the meters from which the
energy consumption and cost data were collected. If the data is inaccurate
or missing, new benchmark data is obtained. In the event that there are
inconsistencies or gaps in the data, the existing data is evaluated and
missing data points are interpolated.
c. Method of Analysis: The information gathered prior to the site visit and
during the site visit is entered into AkWarm-C, an energy modeling software
program developed specifically for AHFC to identify forecasted energy
consumption. The forecasts can then be compared to actual energy
consumption. AkWarm-C also has some pre-programmed EEM retrofit
options that can be analyzed with projected energy savings based on
occupancy schedules, utility rates, building construction type, building
function, existing conditions, and climatic data uploaded to the program
based on the zip code of the building. When new equipment is proposed,
energy consumption is calculated based on manufacturer’s cataloged
information.
Energy cost savings are calculated based on the historical energy costs for
the building. Installation costs include the labor and equipment required to
implement an EEM retrofit, but design and construction management costs
are excluded. Cost estimates are +/- 30% for this level of audit, and are
derived from one or more of the following: Means Cost Data, industry
publications, experience of the auditor, local contractors and/or equipment
suppliers. Brown Electric, Haakensen Electric, Proctor Sales, Pioneer Door,
ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
May 22, 2012 Page 15 of 72
and J.P. Sheldon, all in Anchorage, were consulted for some of the lighting,
boiler, overhead door and air handling retrofit and/or replacement costs.
Maintenance savings are calculated, where applicable, and are added to the
energy savings for each EEM.
The costs and savings are considered and a simple payback period and ROI
is calculated. The simple payback period is based on the number of years
that it takes for the savings to pay back the net installation cost (Net
Installation costs divided by Net Savings.) In cases where the EEM
recommends replacement at EOL, the incremental cost difference between
the standard equipment in place, and the higher efficiency equipment being
recommended is used as the cost basis for payback calculation. The SIR
found in the AkWarm-C report is the Savings to Investment Ratio, defined as
the annual savings multiplied by the lifetime of the improvement, divided by
the initial installed cost. SIR’s greater than 1.0 indicate a positive lifetime
ROI.
The life-time for each EEM is entered into AkWarm-C; it is estimated based
on the typical life of the equipment being replaced or altered.
d. Limitations of the Study: All results are dependent on the quality of input
data provided, and may only act as an approximation. Most input data such
as building and equipment usage, occupancy hours and numbers, building
and HVAC operating hours, etc. was provided to the auditor by on site
personnel.
In some instances, several methods may achieve the identified savings.
This report is not a design document. A design professional, licensed to
practice in Alaska and in the appropriate discipline, who is following the
recommendations, shall accept full responsibility and liability for the results.
Budgetary estimates for engineering and design of these projects in not
included in the cost estimate for each EEM recommendation, but these costs
can be approximated at 15% of the cost of the work.
ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
May 22, 2012 Page 16 of 72
3. Acknowledgements: We wish to acknowledge the help of numerous individuals
who have contributed information that was used to prepare this report, including:
a. Alaska Housing Finance Corporation (Grantor): AHFC provided
the grant funds, contracting agreements, guidelines, and technical
direction for providing the audits. AHFC reviewed and approved the
final short list of buildings to be audited based on the recommendation
of the Technical Service Provider (TSP).
b. The Northwest Arctic Borough School District (Owner): The
NABSD provided building sizing information, two years fuel oil usage
data, building schedules and functions, as well as building age.
c. Richard S. Armstrong, PE, LLC (Audit TSP): This is the TSP who
was awarded the projects in the Arctic Slope Regional Corporation,
Bering Straits area, and the Nana area. The firm gathered all relevant
benchmark information, cataloged which buildings would have the
greatest potential payback, and with the building owner, prioritized
buildings to be audited based on numerous factors, including the
Energy Use Index (EUI), the Energy Cost Index (ECI), the age of the
building, the size of the building, the location of the building, the
function of the building, and the availability of plans for the building.
They also trained and assigned their selected sub-contractors to the
selected buildings, and performed quality control reviews of the
resulting audits. They prepared a listing of potential EEMs that each
auditor must consider, as well as the potential EEMs that the
individual auditor may notice in the course of his audit. Richard S.
Armstrong, PE, LLC also performed some of the audits to assure
current knowledge of existing conditions.
d. Energy Audits of Alaska (energy auditor): This firm has been
selected to provide audits under this contract. The firm has two
mechanical engineers, certified as energy auditors and/or professional
engineers and has also received additional training from Richard S.
Armstrong, PE, LLC to acquire further specific information regarding
audit requirements and potential EEM applications.
ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
May 22, 2012 Page 17 of 72
4. Building Description and Function:
The site visit and survey of subject building occurred on April 20th, 2012.
This 45,345 square foot, single story building has a 4284 square foot mezzanine
fan room surrounding the gymnasium. Building B, the NW wing (see Appendix
G for plans), has 24,903 square feet, building A, the SE wing, has 15,198
square feet of floor area. In addition to the school building, there are two
(approximately 24’ x 40’) adjacent housing units whose heat and domestic hot
water is supplied by the school boilers. Plans were not available for these
buildings, so reasonable assumptions for modular housing were made during
the AkWarm-C data entry.
The school building is constructed on pilings with glue-lam beams supporting
floor joists. Floor insulation in the 1977 portion of building A uses 10” of batt
while the 1984 portion of building A, and all of building B use 14-1/2” of batt.
Insulation values, as calculated by AkWarm-C are R-33.2 and R-48.5
respectively. Several types of wall construction are used; building B uses 2 x 8
wood stud walls filled with batt for a calculated insulation value of R-21 and most
walls in building A use 6-3/4” insulated panels with a calculated insulation value
of R-26.4. The roof consist of either 12-1/2” structural insulated panels or 12”
joists with sprayed-in foam. In both cases, the nominal insulation value
specified in plans is R-50.
Exterior walls are covered with beveled wood siding over plywood sheathing.
Interior walls are finished with gypsum. All windows in this building are double
pane aluminum, with a thermal break, and in good condition. Overall, the
building is in excellent condition.
Building details are as follows:
a. Heating, Cooling, Ventilation and Controls: Heat is provided by
(15) oil fired, cast iron boilers with efficiencies of 76% (the 5 old
boilers) and 87% (the 10 new ones). Circulation pumps supply
heat to finned tube baseboard radiators and radiant panels as
well as the AHU coils and unit heaters. Fluid valves on all radiant
heaters and in the AHU’s are controlled by local zone, low voltage
thermostats – some are manual and some retrofitted with 7-day
digital programmable models. The AHU’s and CP-1 and CP-2
are controlled by a series of distributed DDC controllers located
throughout the building’s fan and pump rooms. Five of the seven
AHU’s are constant volume, two have VFD’s. The single, large
relief fan which is not in use (per on site personnel) is also fitted
with a VFD. There does not appear to be any heat recovery from
exhaust air in this building. There is no cooling in the building.
There are (9) circulation pumps and (3) heat exchangers in the
SE mechanical room that serve adjacent teacher housing. They
ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
May 22, 2012 Page 18 of 72
pre-heat the cold water supply, provide domestic hot water and
glycol circulation for room heat. The school boilers provide heat
for these units.
b. Appliances: There are (4) full size residential type refrigerators,
(2) commercial reach-in refrigerators, a commercial walk-in
freezer, (2) electric stove/grill/oven combination units, a large
commercial electric double convection oven, a commercial
dishwasher and double warming oven. This building has 45 PC’s
in use at various times of day.
c. Plumbing Fixtures: This building contains a total of (17) toilets,
(6) urinals, (28) lavatory sinks with manual valves and (9) with
proximity sensing valves. The toilets consume 1.6 gallons per
flush (gpf), the urinals 1.0 gpf. See Appendix D-1 for EEM
recommendations.
d. Domestic Hot Water: Hot water for sinks, showers and the
kitchen is provided by (3) indirect, 80 gallon hot water generators
located in the mezzanine fan room and a 41 gallon hot water
generator located in the SE pump room; the small unit is
presumed to serve adjacent teacher housing.
e. Interior Lighting & Controls: As previously mentioned, the
lighting in this building has been for the most part, upgraded.
Room, corridor and office lighting generally consists of T8-32W
fixtures with electronic ballasts, although there are halogen spots,
recessed metal halide can lights and metal halide pendant fixtures
in several rooms. Occupancy sensors are in used primarily in
restrooms, storage closets and offices. The old metal halide
fixtures are still in place but unused in the gymnasium; the new T5
lighting is in use. Appendix B details the recommendation of a full
lighting upgrade. See Appendix E for additional information on
occupancy sensors. All exit signs in the building are either LED
or unlit, self-luminous.
f. Exterior Lighting: There are (14) high pressure sodium (HPS)
wall pack lights on the exterior of this building, and (6) HPS soffit
lights.
g. Building Shell: The building shell is described earlier; it appears
to be in excellent condition inside and out..
h. Motors: There are (8) large (5 HP or larger) motors in use in this
building. They are listed in Appendix C and were considered for
replacement with premium efficiency motors (Appendix D-4) as
well as a retrofit with VFD’s.
ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
May 22, 2012 Page 19 of 72
5. Historic Energy Consumption: Energy consumption is modeled within the
AkWarm-C program. The program analyzes twelve months of data. Normally,
two year’s worth of fuel oil and electricity consumption are averaged then input
into AKWarm-C. As previously explained, 12 months of data were used for this
building. This monthly data is found in Appendix F.
Energy consumption was analyzed using two factors: the Energy Cost Index
(ECI) and the Energy Use Index (EUI). The energy cost index takes the annual
costs of fuel oil and electrical energy over the surveyed period of time, divided
by the square footage of the building. The ECI for this building is $10.11/SF, the
ECI for two very similar buildings, the Shishmaref School and the Gambell
School, are $7.75 and $6.22 respectively.
The energy use index (EUI) is the total annual average electrical and heating
energy consumption expressed in thousands of BTU/SF. The EUI for this
building is 223 kBTU/SF; the average 2009/2010 EUI for the Gambell School is
133 kBTU/SF and 137 kBTU/SF for the Shishamaref School. The average for
“Places of Education” buildings across the US is 75-102 kBTU/SF as logged by
the US Energy Information Administration. This source data can be viewed at:
www.eia.gov/emeu/efficiency/cbecstrends/cbecs_tables_list.htm.
6. Interactive Effects of Projects: The AkWarm-C program calculates savings
assuming that all recommended EEM are implemented in the order shown in
Appendix B. Appendix D-1, D-4 and D-5 are not included in the AkWarm-C
model. If some EEMs are not implemented, savings for the remaining EEMs will
be affected, in some cases positively, and in others, negatively.
In general, all projects were evaluated sequentially so that energy savings
associated with one EEM would not be attributed to another EEM as well. By
modeling the recommended projects sequentially, the analysis accounts for
interactive effects between the EEMs and does not “double count” savings.
Interior lighting, plug loads, facility equipment, and occupants generate heat
within the building. When the building is in cooling mode, these contribute to the
overall cooling demands of the building; therefore lighting efficiency
improvements will reduce cooling requirements on air conditioned buildings.
Conversely, lighting efficiency improvements are anticipated to increase heating
requirements slightly. Heating penalties resulting from reductions in building
electrical consumption are included in the lighting analysis that is performed by
AkWarm-C.
7. Loan Program: The Alaska Housing Finance Corporation (AHFC) Alaska
Energy Efficiency Revolving Loan Fund (AEERLF) is a State of Alaska program
enacted by the Alaska Sustainable Energy Act (senate Bill 220, A.S. 18.56.855,
“Energy Efficiency Revolving Loan Fund). The AEERLF will provide loans for
energy efficiency retrofits to public facilities via the Retrofit Energy Assessment
ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
May 22, 2012 Page 20 of 72
for Loan System (REAL). As defined in 15 AAC 155.605, the program may
finance energy efficiency improvements to buildings owned by:
a. Regional educational attendance areas;
b. Municipal governments, including political subdivisions of municipal
governments;
c. The University of Alaska;
d. Political subdivisions of the State of Alaska, or
e. The State of Alaska
Native corporations, tribal entities, and subsidiaries of the federal government
are not eligible for loans under this program.
ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
May 22, 2012 Page 21 of 72
Appendix A - Photos
Connex’s 1, 2 & 3 on NW side of school, with boilers 1 through 10; generator
connnex on far right
Connex’s 4, 5 & 6 on SE side of school, with boilers 11 through 15; fire sprinkler
in nearest connex. The far right connex is used for storage.
ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
May 22, 2012 Page 22 of 72
Teacher housing on south side of School
Outside air dampers on AHU-2 100% open, unit not running at the time, they
should be closed
ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
May 22, 2012 Page 23 of 72
Library – considered for “daylight harvesting” due to excellent ambient light
Cultural room with second kitchen used by itinerant’s
ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
May 22, 2012 Page 24 of 72
Commercial kitchen
Retrofitted 7-day programmable thermostats & inventory in fan room
ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
May 22, 2012 Page 25 of 72
One of the local DDC controllers used by AHU’s and CP-1 & 2
AHU map
ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
May 22, 2012 Page 26 of 72
Aerial View of Buckland
The Buckland School Building
1999 construction
1977 and 1984 construction
NORTH
Appendix B – Detailed AkWarm-C Report
Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison
AkWarm Commercial Audit Software
Buckland School
Page 27
ENERGY AUDIT REPORT – PROJECT SUMMARY – Created 5/21/2012 4:10 PM
General Project Information
PROJECT INFORMATION AUDITOR INFORMATION
Building: Buckland School Auditor Company: Energy Audits of Alaska
Address: Airport Road Auditor Name: James Fowler
City: Buckland Auditor Address: P.O. Box 220215
Anchorage, AK 99522
Client Name: Terri Walker
Client Address: Airport Rd
Buckland, AK 99727
Auditor Phone: (206) 954‐3614
Auditor FAX: ( ) ‐
Client Phone: (907) 494‐2127 Auditor Comment:
Client FAX:
Design Data
Building Area: 47,265 square feet (School Building is
45,345 square feet, adjacent teacher housing is estimated
to be 1920 square feet)
Design Heating Load: Design Loss at Space: 3,499,123
Btu/hour
with Distribution Losses: 4,373,904 Btu/hour
Plant Input Rating assuming 82.0% Plant Efficiency and
25% Safety Margin: 6,667,536 Btu/hour
Note: Additional Capacity should be added for DHW load,
if served.
Typical Occupancy: 203 people Design Indoor Temperature: 70 deg F (building average)
Actual City: Buckland Design Outdoor Temperature: ‐40 deg F
Weather/Fuel City: Buckland Heating Degree Days: 16,462 deg F‐days
Utility Information
Electric Utility: Buckland, City of ‐ Commercial ‐ Lg Natural Gas Provider: None
Average Annual Cost/kWh: $0.474/kWh Average Annual Cost/ccf: $0.000/ccf
Annual Energy Cost Estimate
Description Space
Heating
Space
Cooling
Water
Heating Lighting Refriger
ation
Other
Electrical
Ventilation
Fans
Service
Fees Total Cost
Existing
Building
$275,366 $0 $66,515 $49,543 $7,183 $39,591 $25,142 $0 $463,339
With
Proposed
Retrofits
$179,994 $0 $59,613 $31,267 $6,614 $29,376 $14,849 $0 $321,712
SAVINGS $95,372 $0 $6,902 $18,276 $569 $10,214 $10,293 $0 $141,627
Appendix B – Detailed AkWarm-C Report
Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison
AkWarm Commercial Audit Software
Buckland School
Page 28
$0
$100,000
$200,000
$300,000
$400,000
$500,000
Existing Retrofit
Ventilation and Fans
Space Heating
Refrigeration
Other Electrical
Lighting
Domestic Hot Water
Annual Energy Costs by End Use
Appendix B – Detailed AkWarm-C Report
Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison
AkWarm Commercial Audit Software
Buckland School
Page 29
PRIORITY LIST – RECOMMENDED ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES
Rank Feature Recommendation Annual Energy
Savings
Installed
Cost
SIR Payback
(Years)
1 Setback Thermostat:
Classrooms, offices,
corridors and all
other rooms
Implement a Heating Temperature
Unoccupied Setback to 55.0 deg F
for the Classrooms, offices,
corridors and all other rooms space.
$30,555 $2,000 207.39 0.1
2
(see
Appe
ndix
D‐2
for
detai
l)
HVAC Add variable frequency drives
(VDF's) to AHU‐1, AHU‐2, AHU‐3
and AHU‐5, estimated to save 59%‐
68% energy per Yaskawa Energy
Predictor software (see Appendix D‐
2) @ total cost of $22,690; retro‐
commission HVAC system to reduce
OSA to minimums required by to
keep CO2 levels per code (OSA
assumed to be 25% for purposes of
estimating energy savings)
estimated cost $12,000
$74,469 $34,690 28.60 0.5
3 Refrigeration:
Residential
Refrigerator
Replace with 3 Energy Star version $412 $225 14.79 0.5
4 Setback Thermostat:
Gym and entry
corridors
Implement a Heating Temperature
Unoccupied Setback to 55.0 deg F
for the Gym and entry corridors
space.
$1,616 $1,500 14.62 0.9
5 Lighting:
Maintenance:
Incandescent, add
OS
Replace with 3 FLUOR CFL, A Lamp
15W
$107 $45 14.36 0.4
6 Lighting: School: T8‐
3lamp, OS added to
circuit under
previous EEM
At next building re‐lamp, Replace
(4) 32 watt lamps with 4 FLUOR (3)
T8 4' F32T8 28W Energy‐Saver
Instant StdElectronic
$28 $12 14.25 0.4
7 Lighting: Exterior:
HPS‐70, Walkway
lights
Replace with LED 20W Module
StdElectronic
$76
+ $10 Maint.
Savings
$75 12.51 1
8 Lighting: Exterior:
HPS‐70, Wall pack
Replace with 8 LED 20W Module
StdElectronic ***
$605
+ $80 Maint.
Savings
$600 12.51 1
9 Lighting: School: T8‐
2lamp, OS added to
circuit under
previous EEM
At next building re‐lamp, Replace
(12) 32 watt lamps with 12 FLUOR
(2) T8 4' F32T8 28W Energy‐Saver
Instant StdElectronic
$57 $36 9.47 0.6
10 Lighting: Exterior:
HPS‐50, Soffit
Replace with 4 LED 17W Module
StdElectronic
$200
+ $40 Maint.
Savings
$300 8.80 1.5
Appendix B – Detailed AkWarm-C Report
Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison
AkWarm Commercial Audit Software
Buckland School
Page 30
PRIORITY LIST – RECOMMENDED ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES
Rank Feature Recommendation Annual Energy
Savings
Installed
Cost
SIR Payback
(Years)
11 Lighting: Exterior:
HPS‐50, Wall pack
Replace with 6 LED 17W Module
StdElectronic
$300
+ $60 Maint.
Savings
$450 8.79 1.5
12 Lighting: School: T8‐
3lamp, already OS
At next building re‐lamp, Replace
(13) 32 watt lamps with 13 FLUOR
(2) T8 4' F32T8 28W Energy‐Saver
Instant StdElectronic
$38 $39 5.85 1
13 Lighting: School: T8‐
2lamp, already OS
At next building re‐lamp, Replace
(45) 32 watt lamps with 45 FLUOR
(2) T8 4' F32T8 28W Energy‐Saver
Instant StdElectronic
$131 $135 5.84 1
14
(see
Appe
ndix
D‐2
for
detai
l)
Other Electrical: CP‐1
& CP‐2 main glycol
circ pumps in
Connex 1
Replace now with 2 premium
efficiency motors, then add VFD's
$4,630 $11,394 5.50 2.5
15 Lighting: School: CFL‐
4lamp, add OS
Remove Manual Switching and Add
new Occupancy Sensor
$176 $200 5.31 1.1
16 Lighting: School: T8‐
3lamp, add OS
At next building re‐lamp, Replace
(235) 32 watt lamps with 235
FLUOR (3) T8 4' F32T8 28W Energy‐
Saver Instant StdElectronic and
Remove Manual Switching and Add
new Occupancy Sensor
$6,241 $7,355 5.11 1.2
17 Lighting: Gym: T5‐
6lamp, add OS
Remove Manual Switching and Add
new Occupancy Sensor
$1,289 $1,600 4.86 1.2
18 Lighting: School: T8‐
1lamp, OS added to
circuit under
previous EEM
At next building re‐lamp, Replace
(16) 32 watt lamps with 16 FLUOR
T8 4' F32T8 28W Energy‐Saver
Instant StdElectronic
$37 $48 4.68 1.3
19 HVAC Boiler
replacement
Replace (5) 76% efficiency boilers
with Weil McLain WGO‐9 (same as
other 10 boilers) @ $3500 ea for
the boiler, $2000 ea for shipping
and $50,000 for installation.
$13,893
+ $1,000 Maint.
Savings
$75,000 3.43 5.4
20 Lighting:
Maintenance: T8‐
2lamp, add OS
At next building re‐lamp, Replace
(2) 32 watt lamps with 2 FLUOR (2)
T8 4' F32T8 28W Energy‐Saver
Instant StdElectronic and Remove
Manual Switching and Add new
Occupancy Sensor
$98 $206 2.88 2.1
Appendix B – Detailed AkWarm-C Report
Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison
AkWarm Commercial Audit Software
Buckland School
Page 31
PRIORITY LIST – RECOMMENDED ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES
Rank Feature Recommendation Annual Energy
Savings
Installed
Cost
SIR Payback
(Years)
21 Lighting: School: T8‐
2, 96", add OS
Remove Manual Switching and Add
new Occupancy Sensor
$89 $200 2.68 2.3
22 Lighting: Gym: T8‐
2lamp, add OS
At next building re‐lamp, Replace
(34) 32 watt lamps with 34 FLUOR
(2) T8 4' F32T8 28W Energy‐Saver
Instant StdElectronic and Remove
Manual Switching and Add new
Occupancy Sensor
$1,082 $2,502 2.62 2.3
23 Lighting: School: CFL‐
2lamp, add OS
Remove Manual Switching and Add
new Occupancy Sensor
$329 $1,200 1.65 3.7
24 Lighting: School: T8‐
3lamp, add OS
At next building re‐lamp, Replace
(7) 32 watt lamps with 7 FLUOR (3)
T8 4' F32T8 28W Energy‐Saver
Instant StdElectronic and Remove
Manual Switching and Add new
Occupancy Sensor
$189 $1,021 1.11 5.4
25 Lighting:
Maintenance:
Incandescent, add
OS
Remove Manual Switching and Add
new Occupancy Sensor
$29 $200 0.88 6.9
26 Lighting: Kitchen: T8‐
3lamp, add OS
At next building re‐lamp, Replace
(12) 32 watt lamps with 12 FLUOR
(3) T8 4' F32T8 28W Energy‐Saver
Instant StdElectronic and Remove
Manual Switching and Add new
Occupancy Sensor
$120 $836 0.86 7
27 Lighting:
Maintenance: T12‐
2lamp, add OS
Replace with 6 FLUOR (2) T8 4'
F32T8 28W Energy‐Saver Instant
HighEfficElectronic and Remove
Manual Switching and Add new
Occupancy Sensor
$423
+ $60 Maint.
Savings
$4,600 0.86 10.9
28 Other Electrical:
Desktop Computers
Replace with 55 Laptop and
Improve Manual Switching
$1,886 $11,000 0.77 5.8
29 Lighting: School: T8‐
2lamp, add OS
At next building re‐lamp, Replace
(36) 32 watt lamps with 36 FLUOR
T8 4' F32T8 28W Energy‐Saver
Instant StdElectronic and Remove
Manual Switching and Add new
Occupancy Sensor **
$338 $3,108 0.66 9.2
30 Lighting: School:
T12‐2lamp, 96", add
OS
Replace with 10 FLUOR (2) T8 4'
F32T8 28W Energy‐Saver Instant
HighEfficElectronic and Remove
Manual Switching and Add new
Occupancy Sensor
$380
+ $100 Maint.
Savings
$7,400 0.53 19.5
Appendix B – Detailed AkWarm-C Report
Energy Audit – Energy Analysis and Cost Comparison
AkWarm Commercial Audit Software
Buckland School
Page 32
PRIORITY LIST – RECOMMENDED ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES
Rank Feature Recommendation Annual Energy
Savings
Installed
Cost
SIR Payback
(Years)
31 Lighting: School:
T12‐2lamp, OS
added to circuit
under previous EEM
Replace with 13 FLUOR (2) T8 4'
F32T8 28W Energy‐Saver Instant
HighEfficElectronic
$444
+ $130 Maint.
Savings
$9,100 0.52 20.5
32 Lighting: School:
T12‐2, add OS
Replace with 4 FLUOR (2) T8 4'
F32T8 28W Energy‐Saver Instant
HighEfficElectronic and Remove
Manual Switching and Add new
Occupancy Sensor *
$187
+ $40 Maint.
Savings
$3,600 0.47 19.2
33 Lighting: School:
T12‐2lamp, already
OS
Replace with 3 FLUOR (2) T8 4'
F32T8 28W Energy‐Saver Instant
StdElectronic
$27
+ $30 Maint.
Savings
$2,100 0.23 77
THE FOLLOWING EEM’S WERE CALCULATED OUTSIDE OF AkWARM-C. Savings will affect and
be affected by the EEM’s listed above, depending on their order of implementation.
Appe
ndix
D‐1
Plumbing Fixtures:
(17) W.C., (37)
lavatories, (5)
urinals, (8) showers
Replace urinal valves with proximity
sensing on/off controls, replace
urinals with ultra‐low flow and
proximity sensing controls; retrofit
toilet valves with 2‐stage valves
Appe
ndix
D‐4
Motor replacements Replace 2 motors with premium
efficiency motors now, replace 1
motor with premium efficiency
motors at EOL; see Table 5
Appendix D‐4 for details.
$1,149 $1,400 16.4 1.2
Appe
ndix
D‐5
Fuel metering and
energy sub‐metering
Add cumulative fuel oil flow meters
and BTU meter
$5000/BTU
meter;
$1000/flow
meter (not
included in total
below)
TOTAL $141,627
+ $1,550 Maint.
Savings
$184,177 10.14 1.3
AkWarmCalc Ver 2.2.0.2, Energy Lib 5/18/2012
Sample translations of the nomenclature used above:
*(item 32) Replace the existing T12, 2-lamp fixtures with (4) florescent, 2-lamp T8 fixtures with 28watt “energy saver”
lamps and high efficiency electronic ballasts; replace the manual switches with the appropriate number and type of
occupancy sensors. Occupancy sensors cost from $200 -$300 ea installed.
** (item 29) During the next building re-lamp (i.e. when the lamps were to be replaced anyway, so the cost is the
incremental difference between a 32 watt and 28 watt lamp), replace the (36) T8-32 watt lamps with T8-28 watt “energy
saver” lamps; the fixture has a standard electronic ballast; also replace the existing manual switches with the appropriate
number and type of occupancy sensors.
*** (item 8) Replace existing (8) exterior HPS 70watt wall packs with (8) 20 watt LED wall packs. Wall pack is
a type of exterior light fixture.
ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
May 22, 2012 Page 33 of 72
Appendix C – Equipment Schedules
ALL SCHEDULES COMPILED FROM PLANS OR ON‐SITE NAMEPLATE OBSERVATION,
WHERE ACCESSIBLE e= estimated
COOLING AND HEATING ROOFTOP UNIT SCHEDULE
SYMBOL MFGR/MODEL FAN CFM
MOTOR DATA
HP/VOLTS/PH REMARKS
AHU‐1 Temtrol WF‐DH21 9,000 7.5/208/3; 91% Elementary
classrooms
AHU‐2
Temtrol WF‐DH25
10,600 7.5/208/3; 91.7%
Serves Gym, locker
rooms, wt room,
commons
AHU‐3 Temtrol WF‐DH12 5,400 5/208/3; 89.5% Library, culture room,
offices
AHU‐4/MAU‐
1 Temtrol WF‐DH6
3,000 2/208/3
Kitchen make up air
and heated
ventilation
AHU‐5 Pace A20 (per plans) 7,500 5/208/3 Classrooms
AHU‐6 Bohn HD108LF 3,050 2/230/1; 75.5% old school classrooms;
turned off, cold
AHU‐7 Temtrol FC‐286 1,700 5/208/3 Shop; on VFD, turned
off
FAN SCHEDULE
SYMBOL MOTOR MFGR/MODEL CFM
MOTOR DATA
HP/VOLTS/PH REMARKS
RF‐1 CentriMaster Ventset QBR365 18,200 10/200/3
Building relief air ‐ on
VFD ‐ per on site
personnel, this has
never been used
EF‐1 Penn D16 3,700 2/208/3
located in mezz fan
room; kitchen hood
VF‐1 Dynamaster FQ‐R1204 1,000 .16/115/1
located in connex 1
Boiler room
VF‐2 Dynamaster FQ‐R1204 1,000 .16/115/1
located in connex 2
Boiler room
VF‐3 Dynamaster FQ‐R1204 1,000 .16/115/1
located in connex 3
Generator room
VF‐4 Dynamaster FQ‐R1204 1,000 .16/115/1
located in connex 4
Fire Sprnkler room
EF‐2 Penn Z8S 200 77w/120/1 Kitchen bathroom
EF‐3 Penn Z5H 80 79w/120/1 toilet rooms
EF‐4 Penn Z5H 100 79w/120/1 janitor closet
ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
May 22, 2012 Page 34 of 72
EF‐5 Penn Z8H 300 130w/120/1 weight room
EF‐6 Penn Z12H 1,200 850w/120/1 locker rooms
EF‐7 Kequnee 2C‐3302 810 .33/120/1 fume hood
EF‐8 Penn Zt 35 48w/120/1 utilidor
DESTRATIFICATION FAN SCHEDULE
SYMBOL MOTOR MFGR/MODEL CFM
MOTOR DATA
HP/VOLTS/PH REMARKS
DF‐1 Leading Edge 3620‐1 12,500 75w/115/1
PUMP SCHEDULE
SYMBOL MFGR/MODEL GPM
MOTOR DATA
HP/VOLTS/PH REMARKS
CP‐1 Baldor 275 5/208/3; 81.5%
main glycol circ from
connex 1 (B‐1 through
B‐5)
CP‐2 Baldor 275 5/208/3; 81.5%
main glycol circ from
connex 1 (B‐1 through
B‐5) ‐ alternate
CP‐3 Grundfos 50‐240 65 1300w/208/3 Perimeter FT heat
CP‐4 Grundfos 50‐240 65 1300w/208/3
Perimeter FT heat ‐
alternate
CP‐5 Baldor 152 3/208/3; 82.5%
Mezz fan room;
serves AHU‐2 & 3
CP‐6 Grundfos UPS 32‐80 30 280w/115/1
Provides heat to AHU‐
4/MAU‐1
CP‐7 Grundfos UPS 40‐160 45 800w/208/3
Hot water generator
circ
CP‐8 Grundfos UPS 15‐42F 8 85w/115/1 on B‐1
CP‐9 Grundfos UPS 15‐42F 8 85w/115/1 on B‐2
CP‐10 Grundfos UPS 15‐42F 8 85w/115/1 on B‐3
CP‐11 Grundfos UPS 15‐42F 8 85w/115/1 on B‐4
CP‐12 Grundfos UPS 15‐42F 8 85w/115/1 on B‐5
CP‐13 Grundfos UPS 15‐42F 8 85w/115/1 on B‐6
CP‐14 Grundfos UPS 15‐42F 8 85w/115/1 on B‐7
CP‐15 Grundfos UPS 15‐42F 8 85w/115/1 on B‐8
CP‐16 Grundfos UPS 15‐42F 8 85w/115/1 on B‐9
CP‐17 Grundfos UPS 15‐42F 8 85w/115/1 on B‐10
CP‐18 Grundfos UPS 15‐58FC 8 85w/115/1 on B‐11
CP‐19 Grundfos UPS 15‐58FC 8 85w/115/1 on B‐12
CP‐20 Grundfos UPS 15‐58FC 8 85w/115/1 on B‐13
CP‐21 Grundfos UPS 15‐58FC 8 85w/115/1 on B‐14
ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
May 22, 2012 Page 35 of 72
CP‐22 Grundfos UPS 15‐58FC 8 85w/115/1 on B‐15
LS‐1 Piranha 2.5 35 2.5/230/3 Lift station pump
LS‐2 Gould SDS1 16 .33/120/1 Lift station pump
CP‐16A Grundfos UPS 15‐42F 8 85w/115/1 DHW re‐circulation
CP‐17A Grundfos UPC 50‐160 45 940w/115/1
located in SE
mechanical room;
presumed glycol circ
to FT & radiant panels
CP‐18A Grundfos UPC 50‐160 45 940w/115/1
located in SE
mechanical room;
presumed glycol circ
to FT & radiant panels
CP‐19A Grundfos UMC 50‐80 20 440w/115/1
located in SE
mechanical room;
presumed glycol circ
to FT & radiant panels
CP‐20A Grundfos UPC 50‐160 45 940w/115/1
located in SE
mechanical room;
presumed glycol circ
to FT & radiant panels
CP‐21A Grundfos UPS 32‐160 35 600w/115/1
THESE PUMPS SERVE TEACHER HOUSING ADJACENT TO THIS BUILDING
CP‐X1 Grundfos UP 26‐99 10 245w/115/1
Loop through HX‐
1serves teacher
housing ‐ next door to
school building
CP‐X2 Grundfos UP 26‐99 10 245w/115/1
Loop through HX‐
1serves teacher
housing ‐ next door to
school building
CP‐X3 Grundfos UPS 32‐160 30 625/115/1
Loop through HX‐
1serves teacher
housing ‐ next door to
school building
CP‐X4 Grundfos 15‐42SF 8 85w/115/1
serves teacher
housing ‐ DHW supply
CP‐X5 Grundfos 15‐42SF 8 85w/115/1
serves teacher
housing ‐ DHW return
CP‐11X Grundfos UPS 15‐42F 8 85w/115/1
Isolation loop thru
HX‐2 glycol/water for
DHW heating for
teacher housing
CP‐22X Grundfos UPS 15‐42F 8 85w/115/1
Isolation loop thru
HX‐2 glycol/water for
DHW heating for
teacher housing
CP‐12X Grundfos UPS 15‐42F 8 85w/115/1 loop thru HX‐3
ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
May 22, 2012 Page 36 of 72
glycol/water for
teacher housing
CP‐13X Grundfos UPS 15‐42F 8 85w/115/1
loop thru HX‐3
glycol/water for
teacher housing
BOILER SCHEDULE
SYMBOL MFGR/MODEL
MOTOR DATA
HP/VOLTS/PH REMARKS
B‐1
Weil McLain WGO‐9; 295 MBH input, 257
MBH output 87% efficient
.14/115/1 burner
motor
In Connex 1; on
Tekmar 268 Boiler
Controller; each boiler
also has 115w/115/1
draft inducer fan
motor on stack
B‐2
Weil McLain WGO‐9; 295 MBH input, 257
MBH output 87% efficient
.14/115/1 burner
motor
B‐3
Weil McLain WGO‐9; 295 MBH input, 257
MBH output 87% efficient
.14/115/1 burner
motor
B‐4
Weil McLain WGO‐9; 295 MBH input, 257
MBH output 87% efficient
.14/115/1 burner
motor
B‐5
Weil McLain WGO‐9; 295 MBH input, 257
MBH output 87% efficient
.14/115/1 burner
motor
B‐6
Weil McLain WGO‐9; 295 MBH input, 257
MBH output 87% efficient
.14/115/1 burner
motor
In Connex 2; on
Tekmar 268 Boiler
Controller; each boiler
also has 115w/115/1
draft inducer fan
motor on stack
B‐7
Weil McLain WGO‐9; 295 MBH input, 257
MBH output 87% efficient
.14/115/1 burner
motor
B‐8
Weil McLain WGO‐9; 295 MBH input, 257
MBH output 87% efficient
.14/115/1 burner
motor
B‐9
Weil McLain WGO‐9; 295 MBH input, 257
MBH output 87% efficient
.14/115/1 burner
motor
B‐10
Weil McLain WGO‐9; 295 MBH input, 257
MBH output 87% efficient
.14/115/1 burner
motor
B‐11
Weil McLain P766HEAW; 270 MBH input,
205 MBH output 76% efficient
.14/115/1 burner
motor
In Connex 4; on
Tekmar 264 Boiler
Controller, natural
aspiration ‐ no draft
inducer
B‐12
Weil McLain P766HEAW; 270 MBH input,
205 MBH output 76% efficient
.14/115/1 burner
motor
B‐13
Weil McLain P766HEAW; 270 MBH input,
205 MBH output 76% efficient
.14/115/1 burner
motor
B‐14
Weil McLain P766HEAW; 270 MBH input,
205 MBH output 76% efficient
.14/115/1 burner
motor
B‐15
Weil McLain P766HEAW; 270 MBH input,
205 MBH output 76% efficient
.14/115/1 burner
motor
ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
May 22, 2012 Page 37 of 72
UNIT HEATER SCHEDULE
SYMBOL MFGR/MODEL CFM
MOTOR DATA
HP/VOLTS/PH REMARKS
UH‐1A Modine HS‐63; 29.2 MBH 1,120 .08/115/1
in fire sprinkler
connex #4
UH‐1 Modine HS‐63; 29.2 MBH 1,120 .08/115/1
in generator connex
#3
UH‐2 Modine HS‐63; 29.2 MBH 1,120 .08/115/1
in generator connex
#3
UH‐3 Modine HS‐86S01; 46.6 MBVH 1,340 .13/120/1 kitchen dry storage
UH‐4 Modine HS 24S01; 11.6 MBH 370 .04/115/1
Mezz fan room;
running wild, local
Tstat
UH‐5 Modine HS‐63; 34.7 MBH 1,120 .08/120/1 fan room
UH‐6 Modine HS 24S01; 11.6 MBH 370 .04/115/1
Mezz fan room;
running wild, local
Tstat
UH‐7 Modine HS 165S01; e35 MBH 1,120 .08/115/1
located in small fan
room
UH‐10 Trane UHSA‐030; 30 MBH 1,340 .13/115/1
located in SW
mechanical room
HOT WATER HEATER SCHEDULE
SYMBOL MFGR/MODEL GALLONS
NUMBER OF
ELEMENTS ELEMENT SIZE
HWG‐1 Amtrol WH‐10CDW 80
Indirect hot water
generator, set point
140 F (Kitchen)
HEG‐2 & 3 Amtrol WH‐10CDW 80
Indirect hot water
generator, set point
120 F
HWG‐4 Amtrol WH‐41 (presumed) 41
Indirect hot water
generator, set point
presumed 120 F
PLUMBING FIXTURES
SYMBOL FIXTURE GPF QUANTITY REMARKS
W.C. 1.6 16 manually operated
Urinal 1 5/1 non functional manually operated
Lavatory ‐ 28 manually operated
Lavatory ‐ 9 Proximity Sensor
W.C. 3.5 1 manually operated
ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
May 22, 2012 Page 38 of 72
Shower, est. 2.6 gpm 3 8 manually operated
Utility Sink ‐ 3 manually operated
EQUIPMENT SCHEDULES
SYMBOL FIXTURE QUANTITY
MOTOR DATA
HP/VOLTS/PH REMARKS
Bench Grinder ‐ Craftsman (397‐
19360) 2 1/230/?
Dust Collector ‐ Delta 3
Drill Press ‐ Delta and
Powermatic 2
Band Saw ‐ Powermatic 1
Table Saw ‐ Rockwell Unisaw 1 5/?/?
Belt Sander ‐ Dayton 1
Chop Saw ‐ Dewalt 1
Coping Saw 1
Router Table ‐ Bosch 1
(3) Simplex Day tanks 2 motors ea .3/115/1
1 each in Connex 1, 2
& 3
PLUG LOAD SUMMARY
SYMBOL FIXTURE QUANTITY
MOTOR DATA
HP/VOLTS/PH REMARKS
Large Printer 2 1200w
Personal Printer 11 85w
Small TV 5
Large TV 11 450w
Laptop 14 85w
Microwave 4
Smart Board 5
Laminating Machine 1 1600w
Russell Condenser 2
Popcorn Machine 1
Slushy Machine 1 1140w
Two range oven 1 Electric
Fan 1
Dishwasher 1 non‐commercial
Electric Hand Dryer 4 2300w 20A and 115volts
Stackable Clothes Washer 1
Stackable Clothes Dryer 1
Pitney Bowes 1
Scoreboard 2
ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
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Miscellaneous Hand Held Power
Tools approx 25
Floor Polisher 1
Floor Waxer 1
Commercial Vacuum 1
KITCHEN EQUIPMENT SCHEDULE
SYMBOL FIXTURE QUANTITY
MOTOR DATA
HP/VOLTS/PH REMARKS
Milk Cooler ‐ Silver King
(SK12MAJ) 1 1.36A/115/1 runs continuously
Food Warmer ‐ Seco (ECH 1S34‐
BEH) 1
Grill and Oven ‐ Hobart 1
Stove and Oven ‐ Hobart 1
Convection Oven ‐ Vulcan 1
Warming Tray ‐ Duke (EP305 M) 1 3.75Kw/208/1
Mixer Small ‐ Hobart (A200) 1 .33/115/1
Mixer Large ‐ Hobart (D340) 1 1.5/208/1
Meat Slicer ‐ Berkel (829) 1 180w/120/1
Commercial Coffee 1
Sink Disposal ‐ ISE (SS200‐29) 1 2/208/3
Deep Fryer ‐ GROEN (FPO/1‐3) 1 11.5Kw/208/3
does not appear to be
in use
Walk‐In Freezer ‐ KYSOR 1
(4) .05/208/1
Evaporator ‐ Russell
AE46‐164B
17.4A/208/1 Heater circuit
12.8A/208/3
Condenser ‐ Copeland
LAHA‐032E
Refrigerator ‐ McCall (2‐2020) 1 10.3A/115/1 tall single door
Refrigerator ‐ McCall (2‐2045) 1 10.3A/115/1
short double door
(side by side)
ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
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LIGHTING SCHEDULE
FIXTURE
TYPE DESCRIPTION LAMPS MOUNTING
NUMBER WATTS TYPE HEIGHT
Wall Pack HPS Exterior, recessed fixture 1 50 wall 12
Wall Pack HPS Exterior, recessed fixture 1 70 wall 12
Recess can HPS Exterior, recessed fixture 1 50 recess soffit
Recess can HPS Exterior, recessed fixture 1 70 pole 20
Recess can HPS Interior, recessed fixture 1 50 recess ceiling
Recess can HPS Interior, recessed fixture 1 70 recess ceiling
T5‐6
Florescent, T5 lamps, electronic
ballast 6 54 surface ceiling
T8‐1 X 24"
Florescent, T8 lamps, electronic
ballast 1 32 surface ceiling
T8‐2
Florescent, T8 lamps, electronic
ballast 2 32 surface ceiling
T8‐2
Parabolic, Florescent, T8 lamps,
electronic ballast 2 32 surface ceiling
T8‐2 X 96"
Florescent, T8 lamps, electronic
ballast 2 32 surface ceiling
T8‐3
Florescent, T8 lamps, electronic
ballast 3 32 surface ceiling
T9
U‐Type plug‐in, Florescent, T9
lamps, electronic ballast 3 40 hanging chandalier
T12‐2 Florescent T12, magnetic ballast 2 40 recess ceiling
T12‐2 X 96" Florescent T12, electronic ballast 2 40 surface ceiling
Low
voltage
spot 12VAC Halogen 1 35 Wire suspended
Recess can CFL, electronic ballast 2 42 recess ceiling
Recess can CFL, electronic ballast 2 17 kitchen fan ceiling
Incandesce
nt floor, table and desk lamps 1 60 surface 4'
Pendant
Metal Halide ‐ interior, magnetic
ballast 1 70 hanging 28'
Pendant
Metal Halide ‐ interior, magnetic
ballast 1 100 hanging 28'
Pendant
Metal Halide ‐ interior, magnetic
ballast 1 175 hanging 28'
LED Exit
Sign LED exit sign above doors hanging ceiling/wall
ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
May 22, 2012 Page 41 of 72
LARGE MOTOR SCHEDULE
Motor
use &
location
(5 HP or
larger) HP/Volts/Ph
Existing
Efficiency
Premium
Efficiency
Estimated
annual
usage
(hrs)
Annual
Savings
Burn‐out
payback
(yrs/cost)
Replacement
payback
(yrs/cost)
REPLACE IMMEDIATELY WITH PREMIUM EFFICIENCY MOTOR
CP‐1 5/208/3 81.5% 88.5% 4380
$
555.82 .3/$150 1.1/$600
CP‐2
(alternate) 5/208/3 81.5% 88.5% 4380
$
555.82 .3/$150 1.1/$600
REPLACE AT EOL WITH PREMIUM EFFICIENCY MOTOR
AHU‐1 7.5/208/3 91.0% 91.7% 2600 $37.85 5.3/$200 23.8/$900
AHU‐2 7.5/208/3 91.7% 91.7% 4680
Already premium efficiency AHU‐3 5/208/3 89.5% 89.5% 2600
AHU‐5 5/208/3 e89.5% 89.5% 2600
AHU‐7 5/208/3 e89.5% 89.5% 2600 VFD in use; motor replacement not
justified RF‐1 10/200/3 e90.0% 91.7% 0
Efficiency ratings at Full Load, per nameplate
e = estimated because nameplate not accessible or information not on nameplate
Payback figures based on power consumption at 66% of full load
ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
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Appendix D
Additional, Building-Specific EEM details
Appendix D-1: Plumbing fixtures: All urinals should be replaced, or their valves retrofitted
with ultra low flow models. The lavatory faucets and urinals should be retrofitted with proximity
sensing on/off controls. (9 lavatory faucets utilize proximity sending valves now) All toilets in this
building, except one, are 1.6 gallons per flush (gpf) with manual valves, they should be
retrofitted with dual flush valves (see below). The single 3.5 gpf unit should be replaced with a
1.6 gpf model. This audit does not include water usage and AkWarm-C does not allow for the
modeling of it, but a typical ultra low flow urinal (1 pint to ½ gallon per flush) can save up to 66%
of water used, and typically pays back within 3 years, depending on usage. Dual flush toilet
valves will typically pay back within 1-3 years, depending on usage. These payback periods
are reduced by 66% or more if the fixture or valve is replaced at its EOL rather than while it’s
still functioning. For an EOL replacement, the cost used is the incremental difference in cost
between an ultra-low-flow fixture and a straight across replacement with the same fixture.
ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
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Appendix D-2: Variable Frequency Drives (VFD’s)
If outfitted with a VFD and a programmable input device (PID) which responds to a process
parameter such as duct pressure, CO2 levels, or temperature for an AHU or suction or
discharge pressure on a pump, a motor has the capability to only produce enough power to
meet the demand. There is tremendous savings potential resulting from the relationship
between motor load required and resulting fluid or air flow (Affinity Laws). As an example, if
100% of the air flow requires 100% motor’s horsepower, the Affinity laws state that 70% of air
(or fluid) flow requires only 34% of the horsepower. By necessity, fan motors and pumps have
to be sized for the worst case load scenario, but under normal operating conditions (80-90% of
the time), need only be operating at 30%-70% of their full load. VFD’s are recommended for
larger, 3-phase motors that are under varying load and duty cycles, such as air handlers, glycol
circulation pumps and reciprocating compressor motors.
The fan motors in AHU-1, AHU-2, AHU-3 and AHU-5 in this building are recommended to
be retro-fitted with VFD’s. Additionally, the two 5 HP circulation pump motors, CP-1 and
CP-2 are recommended to be retrofitted with VFD’s.
These motor loads and consumption were evaluated using software called, “Energy Predictor”,
provided by Yaskawa, a manufacturer of VFD’s; excerpts from the detailed software reports are
found below.
A 59%-68% reduction in electrical consumption is predicted by the Yaskawa software for these
fan and pump motors; these figure were input into AkWarm-C as a reduction in power
consumption in the ventilation section for the fan motors and in the electrical loads section for
the pump motors; the resulting savings are included in Appendix B-2 & B-14. Note that the
percentage reduction in consumption predicted by the Yaskawa software was used in AkWarm-
C, rather than the actual KWh energy reduction found in the Yaskawa reports.
Table 4
Motor Size Estimated Cost Reduction in energy consumption
AHU‐1 7.5 HP $4,555 68%
AHU‐2 7.5 HP $4,555 68%
AHU‐3 5 HP $3,395 68%
AHU‐5 5 HP $3,395 68%
CP‐1 5 HP $3,395 59%
CP‐2 5 HP $3,395 59%
Overstated savings:
It is important to note that if other EEM’s are also incorporated, these savings will be over-
stated because they are based solely on the reduction in electrical consumption resulting from
the motor speed reduction. When a fan or compressor motor speed is reduced, GPM or CFM
is also reduced, so the motor will have to operate at slightly higher load and speed to maintain
building parameters, which will erode a small percentage of the electrical savings. Neither the
Yaskawa software or the AkWarm-C software has the capability to calculate this iterative
condition. The detailed Yaskawa reports follow:
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Appendix D-3: Additional EEM’S considered but not recommended
Daylight Sensing Light Dimming: Also called “daylight harvesting”, uses sensors to determine
the amount of day lighting in a room and dims the room lighting as much as possible while still
maintaining pre-determined room light levels. The library in this school has sufficient windows to
consider daylight harvesting but upon a brief analysis, the estimated costs to implement this
system outweighs the benefits since the library is not in use during 3 of the 6 months when
daylight is sufficient.
De-Stratification Fans: There was a less than 2 F temperature difference between air at the
thermostats and the gymnasium ceiling, and the gym was unoccupied at the time of
measurement. This indicates that there would be insufficient advantage resulting from the
installation of de-stratification fans in the gymnasium.
Headbolt heater controls: The 3 duplex headbolt heater outlets on the exterior of the building
do not appear to be in use. Snow machines and ATV’s appear to be the vehicles used in winter.
Replacement of aluminum frame windows with plastic, insulated frame windows:
Fiberglass or vinyl, insulated frame, double pane windows with a low-e glass coating have an R-
value of R-3.4. The existing windows in this building, which are in very good condition, have an
R-value of R-1.2. When these windows reach their EOL, they should be replaced with
Fiberglass or vinyl, insulated frame, triple pane, low-e coated glass windows, Estimated
(calculated by AkWarm-C) cost to replace all the windows in this building is $185,491 and the
estimated annual savings is $8,044. The long 23 year payback is the reason it is not
recommended until EOL of the current windows.
Appendix D-4: Motor replacements with premium efficiency versions
At the $.47 per KWH cost of electricity in Buckland, it is cost effective to replace all standard
efficiency motors, 5HP or larger, with premium efficiency motors. Depending on the number of
annual operating hours, replacement may be justified immediately, or at EOL. See Table 5
below for a complete listing of large motors and their recommended replacement times.
Table 5
LARGE MOTOR SCHEDULE
Motor use &
location (5
HP or larger) HP/Volts/Ph
Existing
Efficiency
Premium
Efficiency
Estimated
annual
usage
(hrs)
Annual
Savings
Burn‐out
payback
(yrs/cost)
Replacement
payback
(yrs/cost)
REPLACE IMMEDIATELY WITH PREMIUM EFFICIENCY MOTOR
CP‐1 5/208/3 81.5% 88.5% 4380 $ 555.82 .3/$150 1.1/$600
CP‐2
(alternate) 5/208/3 81.5% 88.5% 4380 $ 555.82 .3/$150 1.1/$600
REPLACE AT EOL WITH PREMIUM EFFICIENCY MOTOR
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AHU‐1 7.5/208/3 91.0% 91.7% 2600 $37.85 5.3/$200 23.8/$900
REPLACEMENT WITH PREMIUM EFFICIENCY NOT RECOMMENDED
AHU‐2 7.5/208/3 91.7% 91.7% 4680
Already premium efficiency AHU‐3 5/208/3 89.5% 89.5% 2600
AHU‐5 5/208/3 e89.5% 89.5% 2600
AHU‐7 5/208/3 e89.5% 89.5% 2600 VFD in use; motor replacement not
justified RF‐1 10/200/3 e90.0% 91.7% 0
Efficiency ratings at Full Load, per nameplate
e = estimated because nameplate not accessible or information not on nameplate
Payback figures based on power consumption at 66% of full load
Appendix D-5: Fuel oil metering and adjacent housing sub-metering
The lack of accurate energy consumption data, affected by the two factors stated below,
is of critical importance to energy reduction efforts for this school building.
1.) Actual fuel consumption by the boilers is not measured
2.) Energy outflow to adjacent housing units is not measured
The energy savings and payback periods identified in the EEM’s recommended in this
report depend on accurate energy consumption data. If the fuel oil consumption is not
accurate, the calculated savings and payback figures may be overly optimistic or
pessimistic.
Therefore it is strongly recommended to add cumulative flow meters to each tank’s
outflow line in the appropriate location to directly measure boiler fuel consumption –
regardless of the tank fuel level. See Appendix E for a sample meter.
In order to accurately measure consumption for the school building, it is also strongly
recommended to add a BTU meter or meters (see sample in Appendix E), to the glycol
and electrical circuits serving any building other than the school building and its
associated connexes.
Estimated costs for installed BTU meters are $5000 each. Estimated costs for installed
cumulative flow meters are $1000 ea.
It is recommended to add these meters, record 12 months of consumption data, validate
(or modify) the benchmark fuel consumption used in this report to determine fuel oil
savings and payback figures, adjust as necessary, revise this report and
recommendations per the new savings and payback figures, and proceed with the retrofit
process.
As this issue is primarily related to fuel oil consumption, the savings and payback figures
in this report, for electrical EEM’s should not be significantly affected.
ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
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Appendix E – Specifications supporting EEM’s
Lighting Controls
Occupancy sensors sense the presence of occupants, turn the lights on at a pre-determined
level, and then turn the lights off after a programmed time period of no occupancy. Line of sight,
motion sensing occupancy sensors can be installed in existing duplex switch boxes, as well as
on ceilings. Dual technology sensors are typically ceiling mounted in rooms, lavatories,
corridors, vehicle bays and storage areas where obstacles may interfere with line-of-sight
sensors. The second technology in these sensors activates lighting based on sound or changes
in position, and work even when a person is fully obscured by an obstacle. Zoned occupancy
controls are typically recommended for long corridors, large vehicle bays and large storage
areas with multiple switches and lighting zones. Zoned controls are designed to activate and de-
activate lighting by zone, by row, or even by fixture, based on the location of the occupant.
Step-Dim occupancy sensors turn on a portion of room lights (usually 1/3 or 2/3) upon
occupancy, and allow the occupant to manually turn on the rest of the lights. Occupancy
sensors can reduce power consumption by 25-60%. Paybacks on occupancy sensors range
from 1 to 5 years, depending on the light fixture consumption and occupancy of the room.
Lighting Management Systems (LMS) today have the capability to manage lighting based on a
wide variety of parameters including building usage, daylight conditions and occupancy. They
are retro-fittable, and can be stand alone or integrated into a building’s HVAC, alarm or other
control systems. Additionally, they can be easily re-configured as a building’s usage or
occupancy pattern changes.
Sample LMS systems and a sample high bay occupancy sensor (which could be used for zone
lighting control) follow.
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Appendix E – Lighting Controls
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Appendix E – sample BTU meter
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Appendix E – sample Cumulative Flow meter for Fuel Flow Measurement
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Appendix E – sample plug load management device
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Appendix E – sample plug load management device
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Appendix F – Benchmark Utility data
Creating 12 months of reasonable fuel oil consumption data points from the
data available: The 2 bar charts (Charts 6 & 7) at the end of this appendix are
required by AkWarm-C, the energy modeling software used for this audit. This is
an explanation of how the auditor used the fuel oil data provided to obtain the 12
months of consumption required.
This is a sample of the fuel oil data provided (handwritten comments by the auditor,
for explanation purposes in this report) for the month of November 2011:
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0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar APRIL MAY JUNE
Chart 2 ‐School day tank (averages 95% of all
consumption)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar APRIL MAY JUNE
Chart 3 ‐Other School related tanks (averages 5% of all
consumption)
As can be seen, there are 12 fuel oil tanks directly associated with the Buckland
School. At the end of each month, each tank’s fuel level, in gallons, is measured.
Fuel tank levels from July 2011 through March 2012 were available in the format
above.
Charts 2 and Chart 3 were created from this data.
2011/2012 Fuel Levels in School Related Tanks
Chart 4 below, represents school building consumption, as deciphered from the data provided -
with the addition of the three missing months of data (April, May and June). December is an
anomaly; the auditor assumes that a there was a delivery of fuel oil to the school building tanks
from another bulk tank in the village.
ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
May 22, 2012 Page 63 of 72
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar APRIL MAY JUNE
Chart 4 ‐Change in School tank levels + decrease in bulk tanks fuel
level = Monthly School Consumption
‐10000
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar APRIL MAY JUNE
Chart 5 ‐Four Bullk storage tanks ‐fuel level ‐smoothed and extended
Another anomaly: Fuel levels in the 4 bulk tanks were unchanged from July through
August of 2011, yet as can be seen in Charts 2 & 3, fuel levels in the school tanks
show that fuel was being consumed and/or added through these months. The
auditor presumes that the 4 bulk tanks on the school premises were topped off with
the first fuel delivery in the spring, and then fuel coming from other village bulk
tanks was added to the other school tanks – a similar conclusion explaining the
anomalous month of December in Chart 4 above.
Chart 5, below, represents is a smoothing of the anomalous month of December,
an addition of data for April, May and June, and a modification of data from July
through August - all based on a reasonable seasonal usage curve. Chart 5
represents as close an estimation as can be made (using available data) to actual
monthly school building fuel oil consumption for the12 months studied – as if all the
fuel was delivered from the 4 bulk tanks. This is the data used to create the
consumption graphs below, and used in the AkWarm-C building modeling program.
April, May and June are
extrapolated to create
reasonable monthly usage
curve – no data was available
for these months. Negative
fuel levels are a result of the
extrapolated data – of
course, this did not actually
occur – other tank inventory
would have been used.
July, August and
September were
also extrapolated
– Bulk tank levels
did not change
during these
months per data
received
Reasonable data obtained for these months
Extrapolated
data
ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
May 22, 2012 Page 64 of 72
$0
$2,000
$4,000
$6,000
$8,000
$10,000
$12,000
$14,000
$16,000
$18,000
$20,000
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
Electric Cost ($)Electric Consumption (kWh)Date (Mon ‐Yr)
CHART 7
Buckland School ‐Electric Consumption (kWh) vs. Electric Cost ($)
Electric Consumption (kWh)
Electric Cost ($)
Benchmark Data: 12 Month Fuel Oil and Electricity Consumption (used in AkWarm-C)
s
$0.00
$10,000.00
$20,000.00
$30,000.00
$40,000.00
$50,000.00
$60,000.00
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
Oil Cost ($)Oil Consumption (Therms)Date (Mon ‐Yr)
CHART 6
Buckland School ‐Oil Consumption (Therms) vs. Oil Cost ($)
Oil Consumption (Therms)
Oil Cost ($)
ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
May 22, 2012 Page 65 of 72
Appendix G – Plans and Schematics
North wing
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South Wing
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HVAC Schematics
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HVAC Schematics
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HVAC Schematics
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HVAC Schematics
ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
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Lighting Plan – Building B
ENERGY AUDITS OF ALASKA BUCKLAND SCHOOL
May 22, 2012 Page 72 of 72
Lighting Plan – Building A