HomeMy WebLinkAboutSEA-AEE-Hoonah School 2012-EE
Hoonah School
Hoonah City School District
Funded by:
Final Report
November 2011
Prepared by:
Energy Audit
Table of Contents
Section 1: Executive Summary 2
Section 2: Introduction 7
Section 3: Energy Efficiency Measures 10
Section 4: Description of Systems 17
Section 5: Methodology 20
Appendix A: Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 23
Appendix B: Utility and Energy Data 31
Appendix C: Equipment Data 36
Appendix D: Abbreviations 40
Audit Team
The energy audit is performed by Alaska Energy Engineering LLC of Juneau, Alaska. The audit team
consists of:
Jim Rehfeldt, P.E., Energy Engineer
Jack Christiansen, Energy Consultant
Brad Campbell, Energy Auditor
Loras O’Toole P.E., Mechanical Engineer
Will Van Dyken P.E., Electrical Engineer
Curt Smit, P.E., Mechanical Engineer
Philip Iverson, Construction Estimator
Karla Hart, Technical Publications Specialist
Jill Carlile, Data Analyst
Grayson Carlile, Energy Modeler
Hoonah School 1 FINAL Energy Audit (November 2011)
Section 1
Executive Summary
An energy audit of the Hoonah School was performed by Alaska Energy Engineering LLC. The
investment grade audit was funded by Alaska Housing Finance Corporation (AHFC) to identify
opportunities to improve the energy performance of public buildings throughout Alaska.
The Hoonah School is a 56,330 square foot building that contains commons, classrooms, offices, a
gym, locker rooms, a kitchen and cafeteria, a library, storage, and mechanical support spaces.
Building Assessment
Envelope
The most significant finding from an energy efficiency perspective is the lack of attic insulation
above the entire library space and above the administration and middle school/high school spaces that
include the music/home economics wing and the classroom wing. It is not clear how the remodel
project to add trusses above the original flat roof missed the very simple detail of installing insulation
in both the design and the construction phases. The existing roof assembly offers little more than an
R-7 insulation value above a 14,055 sqft section of the building, and the remaining 4,880 sqft of
space that was remodeled without insulation has an insulation value of R-15. A significant reduction
in fuel oil consumption can be quickly realized if simple blown-in insulation is added to these attic
spaces to increase the insulation value to the R-60 optimum level used in today’s energy efficient
buildings (Section 3, Energy Efficiency Measure-7).
Planning for the Hoonah Schools Major Maintenance Project is underway. As part of this project,
new wall insulation can be added to the school facility in the form of an exterior foam package that
will provide minimal disruption to the occupants.
An insufficient gutter system, including damaged and missing gutters, and minimal roof eve overhang
have taken a toll on the building siding. The roof should be evaluated to identify proper gutter and
snow-stop needs in an effort to preserve the siding and building exterior integrity.
The site grading plan for the building perimeter needs to be reviewed and action taken where needed.
Enough gravel has collected along portions of the south side of the middle/high school that it has
reached the height of the lowest run of siding. The grading of the south side of the elementary school
does not slope away from the building. As a result the hillside is draining into the south wall. These
are just a couple of examples of how the existing grading is contributing to the moisture damage and
premature failure of the building.
Operation of multiple mechanical ventilation systems can set up pressure gradients within any
building space. This is the case in the Hoonah Schools. The utilidor between the building wings
allows air to flow from the higher pressure side of the building to the lower pressure side. Building
heat is lost to the paved surface between the wings as a result. This is evident by the amount of snow
melt that occurs over the utilidor between the building wings. Heat loss to the utilidor can be
decreased by simply sealing the opening on each end with foam board insulation and mastic.
Hoonah School 2 FINAL Energy Audit (November 2011)
The exterior doors are not thermally broken. Future exterior door replacement selection should
include this feature. The weather stripping on the high school steel doors is in very poor condition and
should be replaced. The south elementary doors have a ½” x 6’ gap at the base of the door and need a
door sweep installed, and the threshold on one of the east-wall doors has completely rusted through
and should be replaced.
The standard window in the school buildings is a single pane wood unit with an internal storm
window. Approximately 15 of the window units have already been upgraded to a more energy
efficient double panes. The energy audit team was informed during the inspection that replacement of
all windows will be part of the upcoming Major Maintenance project. This would integrate nicely
with the addition of an exterior insulation package. There are two broken windows on the 2nd story of
the middle school that should be replaced at the earliest available opportunity.
Heating System
The school spaces are heated by two fuel oil boilers that provide heat
to seven air handling units, fan coil units, and perimeter hydronic
systems.
At the time of the audit Boiler #1 was running and Boiler #2 was on-
line and not isolated. Circulating heating water through a non-
necessary boiler results in a significant amount of heat losses. This is
covered in Section 3, Energy Efficiency Measures. The temperature
band for the lead and lag boilers was set at 160°F – 180°F for the lead
boiler and 150°F – 170°F for the lag boiler. A 30° delta T optimizes
boiler efficiency, i.e. 150°F – 180°F and 140°F to 170°F.
There is a significant need to replace and right-size the boilers. They
are past their useful life and once the building is properly insulated
and the ventilation systems are optimized they will be oversized for
future loads. A reduction in size and the use of modulating burners is
recommended for the replacement boilers. Right-sizing efforts are
important. The on-site boiler system will be the only source of heat at
times when the Waste Recovery Heat supply is interrupted. And, on
cold days when the heating demands of the school exceed the amount
of Waste Recovery Heat supplied, it will carry only a small additional
load.
Operational funds will also be saved if an investment is made to right-size the domestic hot water
system. The existing system is oversized and inefficient, and the fuel oil direct hot water heater is past
its useful life. These components should be replaced with two indirect hot water tanks in the proposed
renovation project.
The remainder of the fuel oil boiler heating system appears to be in good condition; however fairly
simple improvements can be made to improve its effectiveness and efficiency. These are outlined in
Section 3, Energy Efficiency Measures. Because the efficiency of future operations is so dependent
on all of these near-term decisions in the renovation project, it is strongly recommended that school
staff continue to focus on reducing all building heating loads as much as possible through
improvements to the efficiency of the heating and ventilating systems and through building envelope
improvements such as additional insulation value wherever possible.
The Inside Passage Electric
Cooperative Waste Heat
Recovery Project will
provide a much cheaper
heated water source for the
Hoonah School. Under the
plan, the School is allowed
a flow of 55 gpm or 550
MBH.
This presents an oppor-
tunity to use operational
savings as a capital funding
source to upgrade and
improve the efficiency of the
building, and additional
incentive to continue to
reduce all building heating
loads as much as possible
so the waste heat system
can supply a greater
percentage of the heating
load.
Hoonah School 3 FINAL Energy Audit (November 2011)
Ventilation Systems
The building ventilation systems consist of seven large air handling units, one relief fan, and six
exhaust fans that heat, cool, and ventilate the building. The overall condition of the ventilation
systems is good and routine preventive maintenance tasks are being scheduled and performed. There
are opportunities to reduce heating costs through right-sizing building space air exchange rates and
improving control sequences.
Under normal operations, AHU-6 in the woodshop should supply full outside air when the woodshop
exhaust fan EF-1 operates. When this feature was tested, AHU-6 failed to perform properly because
the mixing dampers were not working.
Due to the excessive noise of AHU-5, the unit is only operated at night to purge air from the building.
Replacing AHU-5 with a quieter model will allow operation when the building is occupied.
Of particular concern is the excessive building exhaust rate for the bathrooms and center
office/storage spaces. This exhaust fan system is removing more air from just these spaces than is
required for the entire building based on current student occupancy numbers. Reducing air exchange
rates will reduce the amount of outside air that must be heated and brought into the building.
Establishing building ventilation rates that are based on actual occupancy rates and building use
schedules is critical to ensuring efficient building operations.
Lighting
Interior lighting primarily consists of T8 and T12 fluorescent fixtures, and metal halide lighting.
Exterior lighting primarily consists of metal halide and compact fluorescent lighting. Staff has
converted most of the T12 insulation to T8 and plans to complete the project. Operational costs for
lighting with existing infrastructure are kept to a minimum due to staff diligence in controlling the
lights. Replacement of existing fixtures with more efficient units and the addition of occupancy
sensors are solutions for further reductions in operational costs.
Summary
The energy audit team assessment is that the majority of the building energy losses are due to the
large area of uninsulated roof space, and ventilation rates and schedules that are not optimized in
accordance with occupancy. Once these issues have been addressed, retro-commissioning of the
ventilation and heating systems, and converting the remaining inefficient T-12 fluorescent lighting to
T-8 will further improve building efficiency.
Hoonah School 4 FINAL Energy Audit (November 2011)
Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs)
All buildings have opportunities to improve their energy efficiency. The energy audit revealed several
opportunities in which an efficiency investment will result in a net reduction in long-term operating
costs.
Behavioral and Operational EEMs
The following EEMs require behavioral and operational changes in the building use. The savings are
not readily quantifiable but these EEMs are highly recommended as low-cost opportunities that are a
standard of high performance buildings.
EEM-1: Weather-Strip Doors
EEM-2: Replace Broken Windows
EEM-3: Install Indirect Domestic Hot Water Heaters
High and Medium Priority EEMs
The following EEMs are recommended for investment. They are ranked by life cycle savings to
investment ratio (SIR). This ranking method places a priority on low cost EEMs which can be
immediately funded, generating energy savings to fund higher cost EEMs in the following years.
Negative values, in parenthesis, represent savings.
25-Year Life Cycle Cost Analysis
Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
High Priority
EEM-4: Isolate Lag Boiler $500 $4,100 ($87,600) ($83,000) 167.0
EEM-5: Perform Boiler Combustion Test $700 $4,100 ($27,400) ($22,600) 33.3
EEM-6: Upgrade Motors $600 $0 ($16,600) ($16,000) 27.7
EEM-7: Increase Attic Insulation $67,300 $0 ($826,700) ($759,400) 12.3
EEM-8: Upgrade Interior T12 Lighting $110,400 ($86,600) ($547,100) ($523,300) 5.7
EEM-9: Replace Aerators $1,100 $0 ($5,700) ($4,600) 5.2
EEM-10: Kitchen Refrigeration Heat
Recovery $3,200 $1,000 ($14,800) ($10,600) 4.3
EEM-11: Install Valves on Unit Heaters $4,600 $0 ($17,400) ($12,800) 3.8
EEM-12: Upgrade Gym Lighting $52,200 ($2,600) ($164,900) ($115,300) 3.2
EEM-13: Optimize Ventilation Systems $158,100 $0 ($376,000) ($217,900) 2.4
Medium Priority
EEM-14: Replace Single-Pane Glazing $124,900 $0 ($186,000) ($61,100) 1.5
EEM-15: Install Modulating Boiler Burners $59,400 $17,000 ($82,300) ($5,900) 1.1
Totals* $583,000 ($63,000) ($2,352,500) ($1,832,500) 4.1
*The analysis is based on each EEM being independent of the others. While it is likely that some
EEMs are interrelated, an isolated analysis is used to demonstrate the economics because the audit
team is not able to predict which EEMs the Hoonah City School District may choose to implement. If
several EEMs are implemented, the resulting energy savings is likely to differ from the sum of each
EEM projection.
Hoonah School 5 FINAL Energy Audit (November 2011)
Summary
The energy audit revealed numerous opportunities for improving the energy performance of the
building. It is recommended that the behavioral and high priority EEMs be implemented now to
generate energy savings from which to fund the medium priority EEMs.
Another avenue to consider is to borrow money from AHFCs revolving loan fund for public
buildings. AHFC will loan money for energy improvements under terms that allow for paying back
the money from the energy savings. More information on this option can be found online at
http://www.ahfc.us/loans/akeerlf_loan.cfm.
Hoonah School 6 FINAL Energy Audit (November 2011)
Section 2
Introduction
This report presents the findings of an energy audit of the Hoonah School located in Hoonah, Alaska.
The purpose of this investment grade energy audit is to evaluate the infrastructure and its subsequent
energy performance to identify applicable energy efficiencies measures (EEMs).
The energy audit report contains the following sections:
Introduction: Building use and energy consumption.
Energy Efficiency Measures: Priority ranking of the EEMs with a description, energy analysis,
and life cycle cost analysis.
Description of Systems: Background description of the building energy systems.
Methodology: Basis for how construction and maintenance cost estimates are derived and the
economic and energy factors used for the analysis.
BUILDING USE
The Hoonah Schools are housed in a 56,330 square foot building that contains commons, classrooms,
offices, a gym, locker rooms, a kitchen and cafeteria, a library, storage, and mechanical support
spaces. Within the building is an elementary school with a student population of 70 and a staff of 15
and a middle/high school with 54 students and a staff of 15.
The facility is used in the following manner:
Elementary School 7:00 am – 5:00 pm (M-F) School Year
8:00 am – 1:00 pm (M-F) Summer Schedule (1 month)
Middle/High School 6:00 am – 5:00 pm (M-F) School Year
7:00 am – 4:00 pm (M-F) Corridor Lighting
5:00 pm – 9:00 pm (M-F) Occasional Community Use
Gym 8:30 am – 2:30 pm (M-F) School Use
3:30 pm – 7:00 pm (M-F) Sports Practice
7:00 pm – 9:00 pm Games
1 Day/Week Community Use
Hoonah School 7 FINAL Energy Audit (November 2011)
History
The history of the Hoonah School includes:
1936 – Hoonah School Constructed (Now the Erickson Building-houses Administration)
1958 – East Wing School Addition and Alterations (Currently the Elementary School Wing)
1963 – West Wing (Middle/High School) and Gym Addition
1972 – Cafeteria, Kitchen, and Library Addition
1980 – Elementary Wing and Erickson Building Renovation
1982 –Truss Roof Installation
1993 –Fire Protection/Sprinklers Installed and Mechanical Renovations
1995 –Cafeteria Remodel
1998 - Wood Shop Renovation
2000 – Roof Renovation
2002 – Elevator Addition
2003 – Elementary Wing Renovations
Energy Consumption
The building energy sources include an electric service and a fuel oil tank. Fuel oil is used for the
majority of the heating loads and domestic hot water while electricity serves all other loads. The
following table shows annual energy use and cost.
Annual Energy Consumption and Cost
Source Consumption Cost Energy, MMBtu
Electricity 343,020 kWh $140,900 1,200 31%
Fuel Oil 19,721 Gallons $91,300 2,700 69%
Totals $232,200 3,900 100%
Electricity
This chart shows electrical
energy use from 2007 to
2010.
The effective cost—energy
costs plus demand charges—
is 41.0¢ per kWh.
Hoonah School 8 FINAL Energy Audit (November 2011)
Fuel Oil
This chart shows heating energy use
from 2007 to 2010. The chart
compares annual use with heating
degree days, which is a measure of
the demand for energy to heat a
building.
A year with a higher number of
degree days reflects colder outside
temperatures and a higher heating
requirement.
IPEC Waste Heat
The Inside Passage Electrical Cooperative will be installing a waste heat recovery system where they
will sell hydronic heating water to the pool and gym building. A cost comparison between fuel oil
boiler heat and IPEC waste heat is:
Fuel Oil Boilers: $4.63 per gallon x 138.5 kBtu/gallon / 70% efficiency=$47.76 per MMBtu.
IPEC: 1 MMBtu / 114,000 Btu/gal x 50% x $4.02 per gallon = $17.63 per MMBtu
The IPEC waste heat will cost 37% of the cost of fuel oil boiler heat, a significant savings.
Cost of Heat
The current cost of fuel oil in Hoonah is $4.63 per gallon. Assuming a fuel oil conversion efficiency
of 70% and an electric boiler conversion efficiency of 95%, oil heat at $4.63 per gallon equates to
$47.76 per MMBtu. Electric heat at the current cost of 42.0¢ per kWh equates to $126.75 per
MMBtu. Fuel oil heat is much less expensive than electric heat.
Hoonah School 9 FINAL Energy Audit (November 2011)
Section 3
Energy Efficiency Measures
The following energy efficiency measures (EEMs) were identified during the energy audit. The
EEMs are priority ranked and, where applicable, subjected to energy and life cycle cost analysis.
Appendix A contains the energy and life cycle cost analysis spreadsheets.
The EEMs will be grouped into the following prioritized categories:
Behavioral or Operational: EEMs that require minimal capital investment but require operational
or behavioral changes. The EEMs provide a life cycle savings but an analysis is not performed
because the guaranteed energy savings is difficult quantify.
High Priority: EEMs that require a small capital investment and offer a life cycle savings. Also
included in this category are higher cost EEMs that offer significant life cycle savings.
Medium Priority: EEMs that require a significant capital investment to provide a life cycle
savings. Many medium priority EEMs provide a high life cycle savings and offer substantial
incentive to increase investment in building energy efficiency.
Low Priority: EEMs that will save energy but do not provide a life cycle savings.
BEHAVIORAL OR OPERATIONAL
The following EEMs are recommended for implementation. They require behavioral or operational
changes that can occur with minimal investment to achieve immediate savings. These EEMs are not
easily quantified by analysis because they cannot be accurately predicted. They are recommended
because they offer a life cycle savings, represent good practice, and are accepted features of high
performance buildings.
EEM-1: Weather-Strip Doors
Purpose: The high school exterior steel doors do not seal and are missing weather stripping.
Energy will be saved if doors are properly weather-stripped to reduce infiltration.
Scope: Replace weather stripping on exterior doors.
Analysis: Recommended without analysis.
EEM-2: Replace Broken Windows
Purpose: Two windows are broken and plywood has been used as a temporary repair. Energy will
be saved if broken windows are replaced.
Scope: Replace broken windows.
Hoonah School 10 FINAL Energy Audit (November 2011)
EEM-3: Install Indirect Domestic Hot Water Heaters
Purpose: The existing domestic hot water system consists of a 125 gallon oil-fired hot water heater
in the boiler building and a large hot water storage tank in the school. The system has
reached the end of its service life and is oversized and inefficient. Energy will be saved if
the hot water system is replaced with two indirect hot water tanks located in the school
building.
Scope: Replace the hot water system with two indirect hot water heaters located in the school.
Compared to replacing the existing system in-kind, this system has lower construction,
maintenance, and energy costs.
HIGH PRIORITY
The following EEMs are recommended for implementation because they are low cost measures that
have a high savings to investment ratio. The EEMs are listed from highest to lowest priority. Negative
values, in parenthesis, represent savings.
EEM-4: Isolate Lag Boiler
Purpose: Only one boiler is required to meet the heating load; however the lag boiler is not isolated
so it remains hot. Circulating hot water through an isolated boiler in a dual boiler system
can result in a loss 0.75% input in the rating of the operable boiler due to the isolated
boiler acting as a heat sink. Energy will be saved by isolating the lag boiler
Scope: During the shoulder seasons, turn off and isolate the lag boiler by closing the heating
supply valve.
Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs
Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
$240 ($3,090) ($2,850) $500 $4,100 ($87,600) ($83,000) 167.0
EEM-5: Perform a Boiler Combustion Test
Purpose: Operating the boiler with an optimum amount of excess air will improve combustion
efficiency. Annual cleaning followed by a combustion test is recommended.
Scope: Annually clean and perform a combustion test on the boiler.
Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs
Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
$240 ($970) ($730) $700 $4,100 ($27,400) ($22,600) 33.3
Hoonah School 11 FINAL Energy Audit (November 2011)
EEM-6: Upgrade Motors
Purpose: The equipment inspection identified seven motors that could be upgraded with premium
efficiency models to save energy. They are:
AHU-1 2 HP from 84.0% efficiency to 86.5% efficiency
AHU-2 3 HP from 85.5% efficiency to 89.5% efficiency
AHU-3 5 HP from 85.0% efficiency to 89.5% efficiency
AHU-HS 3 HP from 75.0% efficiency to 89.5% efficiency
AHU-6 1/2 HP from 62.0% efficiency to 75.5% efficiency
Scope: Replace identified motors with premium efficiency motors.
Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs
Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
$0 ($590) ($590) $600 $0 ($16,600) ($16,000) 27.7
EEM-7: Increase Attic Insulation
Purpose: The most significant finding from an energy efficiency perspective is that the attics are
under-insulated. All of them have open truss construction that is an excellent candidate
for blown-in insulation. A significant reduction in fuel oil consumption can be quickly
realized if a simple blown-in insulation is added to these attic spaces to increase the
insulation value to the R-60 optimum level used in today’s energy efficient buildings.
Scope: Install blow-in insulation to bring the attic insulation up to a level of R-60.
There is likely opportunity to also improve the attic insulation over the Erickson
Building. The audit team could not gain access to this space but the documentation
indicates that the truss roof over this building did not include additional insulation.
Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs
Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
$0 ($29,170) ($29,170) $67,300 $0 ($826,700) ($759,400) 12.3
EEM-8: Upgrade Interior T12 Lighting
Purpose: Despite efforts to upgrade to more efficient T8 lighting, the majority of the interior
lighting consists of T12 fluorescent fixtures. Energy will be saved if more efficient T8
and compact fluorescent lamps are used in the remaining fixtures.
Scope: Replace existing T12 fixtures with more efficient T8 fixtures.
Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs
Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
($5,090) ($19,300) ($24,390) $110,400 ($86,600) ($547,100) ($523,300) 5.7
Hoonah School 12 FINAL Energy Audit (November 2011)
EEM-9: Replace Aerators
Purpose: Energy and water will be saved by replacing the aerators on the lavatories and
showerheads with low-flow models.
Scope: Replace aerators on lavatories and showerheads with water-conserving fixtures.
Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs
Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
$0 ($200) ($200) $1,100 $0 ($5,700) ($4,600) 5.2
EEM-10: Kitchen Refrigeration Heat Recovery
Purpose: A large amount of heat is generated by the walk-in kitchen refrigerator in the space
adjacent to the cafeteria. Currently this heat is exhausted outside of the building
envelope. Energy will be saved if this heat is re-routed to the cafeteria space.
Scope: Re-route the ducting from walk-in refrigerator compressor to discharge the air to the
cafeteria.
Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs
Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
$60 ($520) ($460) $3,200 $1,000 ($14,800) ($10,600) 4.3
EEM-11: Install Automatic Valves on Unit Heaters
Purpose: Energy will be saved if the six wall and ceiling mounted fan coil unit heaters have
automatic valves that shut off the heating flow when heat is not needed. Currently the
coils in the unit heaters are continuously hot and the thermostat turns on the fan to supply
the heat to the room. When heat is not needed, convective heat loss from the coil occurs;
some of the heat loss may be useful, but a large percentage is not.
Scope: Install automatic valves in the heating supply to each unit heater and control them from
the fan thermostat.
Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs
Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
$0 ($610) ($610) $4,600 $0 ($17,400) ($12,800) 3.8
EEM-12: Upgrade Gym Lighting
Purpose: Existing gym lighting consists of pendant-mounted 400 watt metal halide fixtures that
operate 55 hours per week to support school-hour class activities and after-school sports
and community events. Similar light levels could be achieved with multi-lamp T5
lighting. Energy will be saved if the metal halide light fixtures are replaced with 6-bulb
T5 units.
Scope: Replace metal halide lights with 6-bulb T5 units.
Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs
Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
($160) ($5,820) ($5,980) $52,200 ($2,600) ($164,900) ($115,300) 3.2
Hoonah School 13 FINAL Energy Audit (November 2011)
EEM-13: Optimize Ventilation Systems
Purpose: The ventilation systems do not have optimal control strategies that minimize energy
consumption while maintaining good thermal comfort and indoor air quality. This results
in unnecessarily high fuel and electric use. Energy will be saved if the ventilation systems
are optimized for actual building use.
Scope: Optimize the ventilation systems as follows:
AHU-1 Cafeteria
- Convert to demand controlled ventilation.
- Adjust the outside air damper so it seals tight when fan is off.
AHU-2 Library
- Convert to demand controlled ventilation.
AHU-3 Gym
- Turn off the heating coil when fan is off.
AHU-4 Lockers
- Eliminate AHU-4, remove diffusers and seal ceiling openings.
- Decrease EF-2 exhaust rate from toilet rooms. Increase office exhaust air to bring
transfer air into the rooms, improving ventilation.
AHU-High School
- Increase Mixed Air Setpoint – from 55°F to 62°F. This will decrease the heating
load while maintaining adequate indoor air quality.
AHU-5 (Elementary School)
- Control exhaust air damper (EAD) from building pressure.
Optimize Schedules
- Current schedules have been improved over the original setpoints, however
operating hours and are not fully tailored to current building use.
- Perform an integrated building-wide retro-commissioning upon completion of
optimization of control sequences.
Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs
Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
$0 ($13,270) ($13,270) $158,100 $0 ($376,000) ($217,900) 2.4
Hoonah School 14 FINAL Energy Audit (November 2011)
MEDIUM PRIORITY
Medium priority EEMs will require planning and a higher level of investment. They are
recommended because they offer a life cycle savings. The EEMs are listed from highest to lowest
priority.
EEM-14: Replace Single-Pane Glazing
Purpose: Single pane glazing with interior storm windows has an insulation value of approximately
R-1.25. Some school windows have already been upgraded to more efficient double pane
units, however over 66 inefficient windows remain. Energy will be saved if these single
pane glazing units are replaced with energy efficient R-3 double pane glazing.
Scope: Replace single pane glazing with energy efficient double pane glazing units.
Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs
Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
$0 ($6,560) ($6,560) $124,900 $0 ($186,000) ($61,100) 1.5
EEM-15: Install Modulating Boiler Burners
Purpose: The boiler burners do not incorporate modulating burner controls. Energy will be saved if
the boiler firing rate modulated as necessary.
Scope: Install modulating burners on the boilers.
Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs
Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
$1,000 ($2,900) ($1,900) $59,400 $17,000 ($82,300) ($5,900) 1.1
Hoonah School 15 FINAL Energy Audit (November 2011)
LOW PRIORITY
Low priority EEMs do not offer a life cycle energy savings and are not recommended.
EEM-16: Install Occupancy Sensors
Purpose: Lighting in many spaces of the building is still controlled with manual switching even
though the electrical rate is $0.42/kwh. Energy will be saved if lighting controls are
installed to turn off lighting in unoccupied rooms:
Classrooms: 2 rooms w/ (15) 4-lamp fixtures each
3 rooms w/ (12) 4-lamp fixtures each
2 rooms w/ (9) 4-lamp fixtures each
School Offices: 1 room w/ (9) 2-lamp fixtures
1 room w/ (6) 2-lamp fixtures
Admin Offices 2 rooms w/ (6) 4-lamp fixtures
2 rooms w/ (3) 4-lamp fixtures
1 room w/ (12) 4-lamp fixtures
Scope: Install occupancy sensors in each of the spaces listed above.
Observations during the audit confirmed that occupants are diligent about turning off
lighting. Therefore, there is no incentive to install occupancy sensors.
Hoonah School 16 FINAL Energy Audit (November 2011)
Section 4
Description of Systems
ENERGY SYSTEMS
This section provides a general description of the building systems. Energy conservation
opportunities are addressed in Section 3, Energy Efficiency Measures.
Building Envelope
The following table summarizes the existing envelope.
Building Envelope
R-value
Component Description (inside to outside) Existing Optimal
Exterior Wall Gyp. Bd, 2x6 stud walls, R-19 batt, ½” plywood, siding R-17 R-30
Roof (Elementary) 24” o.c. trusses w/ R-30 batt R-30 R-60
Roof (Library/H.S.) 4”x6” T&G deck w/ 2” buildup R-5 R-60
Roof (Gym/Shop) 24” o.c. trusses w/ R-38 batt R-38 R-60
Roof (H.S. East) 4”x6” T&G deck w/ 2” foam insulation R-15 R-60
Floor Slab 4” concrete slab-on-grade R-10 R-15
Foundation 8” concrete - uninsulated R-5 R-20
Windows Aluminum clad wood frame single pane w/ storm windows R-1.25 R-5
Doors Steel doors w/ non-thermally broken frames R-1.5 R-5
Heating System
The building is heated by two fuel oil boilers that provide heat to five air handling unit systems, fan
coil units, and perimeter hydronic systems. The heating system has the following pumps:
Pump P-1A & P-1B are heating supply pumps.
Pump P-2 is the boiler header circulation pump.
Pump P-3 is the primary domestic hot water circulation pump.
Pump P-4 is the glycol pump.
Pump P-5 is the secondary domestic hot water circulation pump.
Hoonah School 17 FINAL Energy Audit (November 2011)
Ventilation Systems
The following table summarizes the ventilation systems in the building.
Ventilation Systems
Area Fan System Description
Cafeteria AHU-1 Constant volume air handling unit consisting of a heating coil,
mixing box, filter section, and supply fan
Woodshop AHU-1 Constant volume air handling unit consisting of a heating coil,
mixing box, filter section, and supply fan
Library AHU-2 Constant volume air handling unit consisting of a heating coil,
mixing box, filter section, and supply fan
Gym AHU-3 Constant volume air handling unit consisting of a heating coil,
mixing box, filter section, and supply fan
Locker/Weight Room AHU-4 Constant volume air handling unit consisting of a heating coil,
filter section, and supply fan
Elementary AHU-5 Constant volume air handling unit consisting of a heating coil,
filter section, and supply fan
Wood Shop AHU-6 Constant volume air handling unit consisting of a heating coil,
filter section, and supply fan
High School Area AHU-High School Constant volume air handling unit consisting of a heating coil,
mixing box, filter section, and supply fan
Gym RF-1 Constant volume relief air fan for the gym
Elementary Toilet Exhaust EF-1 Constant volume exhaust air fan for elementary toilet rooms
Woodshop EF-1 Constant volume exhaust air fan for the woodshop
Locker/Weight Room EF-2 Constant volume exhaust air fan for locker rooms and weight
room
Kitchen EF-2 Constant volume exhaust air fan for the kitchen
Woodshop EF-2 Constant volume exhaust air fan for the woodshop
High School Toilet Exhaust EF-3 Constant volume exhaust air fan for high school toilet rooms
Domestic Hot Water System
The domestic hot water heating systems consists of one 125-gallon fuel oil-fired water heater in the
boiler building and one insulated domestic hot water storage tank in the school building. The capacity
of the system is oversized and the existing fuel oil-fired water heater is past its useful life A
significant savings can be shown in the right-sizing of the system to support current facility use.
These components should be replaced with two indirect hot water heaters located in the school
building. The water conservation efficiency of the aerators on the lavatories and the showerheads can
be improved.
Hoonah School 18 FINAL Energy Audit (November 2011)
Automatic Control System
The building has a DDC system to control the operation of the heating and ventilation systems.
Energy will be saved through further optimization of fan system scheduling combined with a retro-
commissioning of the air handler systems.
Lighting
Interior lighting primarily consists of T8 and T12 fluorescent fixtures, and metal halide lighting.
Exterior lighting primarily consists of metal halide and compact fluorescent lighting. Staff has
converted most of the T12 insulation to T8 and plans to complete the project. Operational costs for
lighting with existing infrastructure are kept to a minimum due to staff diligence in controlling the
lights. Replacement of existing fixtures with more efficient units and the addition of occupancy
sensors are solutions for further reductions in operational costs.
Electric Equipment
Commercial equipment for food preparation is located in the kitchen and surrounding spaces.
Hoonah School 19 FINAL Energy Audit (November 2011)
Section 5
Methodology
Information for the energy audit was gathered through on-site observations, review of construction
documents, and interviews with operation and maintenance personnel. The EEMs are evaluated using
energy and life cycle cost analyses and are priority ranked for implementation.
Energy Efficiency Measures
Energy efficiency measures are identified by evaluating the building’s energy systems and comparing
them to systems in modern, high performance buildings. The process for identifying the EEMs
acknowledges the realities of an existing building that was constructed when energy costs were much
lower. Many of the opportunities used in modern high performance buildings—highly insulated
envelopes, variable capacity mechanical systems, heat pumps, daylighting, lighting controls, etc.—
simply cannot be economically incorporated into an existing building.
The EEMs represent practical measures to improve the energy efficiency of the buildings, taking into
account the realities of limited budgets. If a future major renovation project occurs, additional EEMs
common to high performance buildings should be incorporated.
Life Cycle Cost Analysis
The EEMs are evaluated using life cycle cost analysis which determines if an energy efficiency
investment will provide a savings over a 25-year life. The analysis incorporates construction,
replacement, maintenance, repair, and energy costs to determine the total cost over the life of the
EEM. Future maintenance and energy cash flows are discounted to present worth using escalation
factors for general inflation, energy inflation, and the value of money. The methodology is based on
the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Handbook 135 – Life Cycle Cost
Analysis.
Life cycle cost analysis is preferred to simple payback for facilities that have long—often perpetual—
service lives. Simple payback, which compares construction cost and present energy cost, is
reasonable for short time periods of 2-4 years, but yields below optimal results over longer periods
because it does not properly account for the time value of money or inflationary effects on operating
budgets. Accounting for energy inflation and the time value of money properly sums the true cost of
facility ownership and seeks to minimize the life cycle cost.
Construction Costs
The cost estimates are derived based on a preliminary understanding of the scope of each EEM as
gathered during the walk-through audit. The construction costs for in-house labor are $60 per hour for
work typically performed by maintenance staff and $110 per hour for contract labor.
The cost estimate assumes the work will be performed as part of a larger renovation or energy
efficiency upgrade project. When implementing EEMs, the cost estimate should be revisited once the
scope and preferred method of performing the work has been determined. It is possible some EEMs
will not provide a life cycle savings when the scope is finalized.
Hoonah School 20 FINAL Energy Audit (November 2011)
Maintenance Costs
Maintenance costs are based on in-house or contract labor using historical maintenance efforts and
industry standards. Maintenance costs over the 25-year life of each EEM are included in the life cycle
cost calculation spreadsheets and represent the level of effort to maintain the systems.
Energy Analysis
The energy performance of an EEM is evaluated within the operating parameters of the building. A
comprehensive energy audit would rely on a computer model of the building to integrate building
energy systems and evaluate the energy savings of each EEM. This investment grade audit does not
utilize a computer model, so energy savings are calculated with factors that account for the dynamic
operation of the building. Energy savings and costs are estimated for the 25-year life of the EEM
using appropriate factors for energy inflation.
Prioritization
Each EEM is prioritized based on the life cycle savings to investment ratio (SIR) using the following
formula:
Prioritization Factor = Life Cycle Savings / Capital Costs
This approach factor puts significant weight on the capital cost of an EEM, making lower cost EEMs
more favorable.
Economic Factors
The following economic factors are significant to the findings.
Nominal Interest Rate: This is the nominal rate of return on an investment without regard to
inflation. The analysis uses a rate of 5%.
Inflation Rate: This is the average inflationary change in prices over time. The analysis uses an
inflation rate of 2%.
Economic Period: The analysis is based on a 25-year economic period with construction
beginning in 2010.
Fuel Oil
Fuel oil currently costs $4.63 per gallon for a seasonally adjusted blend of #1 and #2 fuel oil. The
analysis is based on 6% fuel oil inflation which has been the average for the past 20-years.
Hoonah School 21 FINAL Energy Audit (November 2011)
Electricity
Electricity is supplied by Inside Passage Electrical Cooperative. The building is billed for electricity
under the Large Power Interruptible rate. This rate charges for both electrical consumption (kWh) and
peak electric demand (kW). Electrical consumption is the amount of energy consumed and electric
demand is the rate of consumption.
ELECTRIC RATE
Large Power Interruptible
Electricity ($ / kWh )
1-60,000 kWh $0.4000
60,000-240,000 kWh $0.3784
>240,000 kWh $0.3679
Customer Charge $160.00
Summary
The following table summarizes the energy and economic factors used in the analysis.
Summary of Economic and Energy Factors
Factor Rate or Cost Factor Rate or Cost
Nominal Discount Rate 5% Electricity $0.42/kwh
General Inflation Rate 2% Electricity Inflation 6%
Fuel Oil Cost (2012) $4.63/gal Fuel Oil Inflation 6%
Hoonah School 22 FINAL Energy Audit (November 2011)
Appendix A
Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis
Hoonah School 23 FINAL Energy Audit (November 2011)
Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis
25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226
Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us
Hoonah Schools
Basis
Economic
Study Period (years) 25 Nominal Discount Rate 5%General Inflation 2%
Energy
2011 $/gal Fuel Inflation 2012 $/gal
Fuel Oil $4.63 6% $4.91
Electricity $/kWh (2011)$/kW (2011)Inflation $/kWh (2012)$/kW (2012)
w/ Demand Charges $0.410 $0.00 6% $0.435 $0.00
w/o Demand Charges $0.410 -6% $0.435 -
EEM-4: Isolate Lag Boiler
Energy Analysis
Boiler Input MBH Loss %Loss MBH Hours, exist Hours, new kBtu η boiler Gallons
B-1 2,440 0.75% 18 6,480 3,240 -59,292 68%-630
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost
Construction Costs
Establish new boiler operating procedure 0 1 ea $500 $500
Annual Costs
Isolate lag boiler 1 - 25 4 hrs $60.00 $4,086
Energy Costs
Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -630 gal $4.91 ($87,578)
Net Present Worth ($83,000)
EEM-5: Perform Boiler Combustion Test
Energy Analysis
Annual Gal % Savings Savings, Gal
19,721 -1.0% -197
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost
Construction Costs
Purchase combustion analyzer 0 1 LS $700 $700
Annual Costs
Combustion test 1 - 25 4 hrs $60.00 $4,086
Energy Costs
Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -197 gal $4.91 ($27,434)
Net Present Worth ($22,600)
Hoonah School 24 FINAL Energy Audit (November 2011)
Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis
25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226
Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us
Hoonah Schools
EEM-6: Upgrade Motors
Energy Analysis
Equip Number HP ηold ηnew kW Hours kWh
AHU-6 1 0.5 62.0% 75.5% -0.05 1,980 -100
AHU-1 1 2 84.0% 86.5% -0.04 1,980 -74
AHU-2 1 3 85.0% 89.5% -0.10 1,980 -199
AHU-HS 1 3 75.0% 89.5% -0.32 1,980 -643
AHU-3 1 5 85.0% 89.5% -0.17 1,980 -332
-0.7 -1,348
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost
Construction Costs HP
Replace motor 0.5 0 1 LS 600 $600
Replace motor 2 0 0 LS 970 $0
Replace motor 3 0 0 LS 1,080 $0
Replace motor 5 0 0 LS 1,290 $0
Energy Costs
Electric Energy 1 - 25 -1,348 kWh $0.435 ($16,603)
Net Present Worth ($16,000)
EEM-7: Increase Attic Insulation
Energy Analysis
Component Area R,exist R,new ΔT MBH kBtu η boiler Gallons
HS East 4,880 15 60 20 -4.9 -42,749 68%-454
Elementary 11,385 26 60 20 -5.0 -43,473 68%-462
Gym 7,545 30 60 20 -2.5 -22,031 68%-234
HS/MS/Library 14,055 5 60 20 -51.5 -451,447 68%-4,793
37,865 -63.9 -559,700 -5,943
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost
Construction Costs
Install blown-in insulation 0 37,865 sqft $1.00 $37,865
Estimating contingency 0 15%$5,680
Overhead & profit 0 30% $13,063
Design fees 0 10%$5,661
Project management 0 8%$4,982
Energy Costs
Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -5,943 gal $4.91 ($826,709)
Net Present Worth ($759,500)
Hoonah School 25 FINAL Energy Audit (November 2011)
Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis
25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226
Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us
Hoonah Schools
EEM-8: Upgrade Interior T12 Lighting
Energy Analysis
Electric Savings
Type # Fixtures Lamp Lamp, watts Fixture Watts Lamp Lamp, watts Fixture Watts Savings, kWh
Surface 285 2T12 80 92 2T8 -60 -18,058
Surface 128 4T12 160 184 4T8 -80 -26,358
-44,415
Additional Heating Load
kWh Factor kBtu η boiler Gallons
44,415 80% 121,236 68% 1,287
Lamp Replacement
Type # Fixtures Lamp # Lamps Life, hrs Lamps//yr $/lamp
Surface 285 2T12 -2 20,000 -124.83 $8
Surface 128 4T12 -4 20,000 -112.13 $8
Surface 285 2T8 2 36,000 69.35 $4
Surface 128 4T8 4 36,000 62.29 $4
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost
Construction Costs
Replace 2T12 ballast and lamps with T8 0 285 LS $148 $42,180
Replace 4T12 ballast and lamps with T8 0 128 LS $156 $19,968
Estimating contingency 0 15%$9,322
Overhead & profit 0 30% $21,441
Design fees 0 10%$9,291
Project management 0 8%$8,176
Annual Costs
Existing lamp replacement, 2T12 1 - 25 -124.83 lamps $26.00 ($55,263)
Existing lamp replacement, 4T12 1 - 25 -112.13 lamps $42.00 ($80,187)
Lamp replacement, 2T8 1 - 25 69.35 lamps $18.00 $21,255
Lamp replacement, 4T8 1 - 25 62.29 lamps $26.00 $27,577
Energy Costs
Electric Energy 1 - 25 -44,415 kWh $0.435 ($547,132)
Fuel Oil 1 - 25 1,287 gal $4.91 $179,073
Net Present Worth ($523,400)
EEM-9: Replace Aerators
Energy Analysis
η boiler 68%
Fixture Existing Proposed Uses/day Days Water,Gals % HW kBTU Gallons
Showerhead 20.0 10.0 20 10 -2,000 80% -1,068 -11
Lavatories 0.3 0.2 100 180 -3,240 80% -1,729 -18
-5,240 -29
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost
Construction Costs
Replace lavatory aerators 0 21 ea $35 $735
Replace showerhead 0 11 ea $35 $385
Energy Costs
Water 1 - 25 -5 kgals $10.960 ($1,628)
Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -29 gal $4.91 ($4,037)
Net Present Worth ($4,500)
Gallons per Use
Existing Replacement
Hoonah School 26 FINAL Energy Audit (November 2011)
Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis
25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226
Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us
Hoonah Schools
EEM-10: Kitchen Refrigeration Heat Recovery
Energy Analysis
Heat Recovery
HP MBH/kW Heat, MBH Factor kBtu η boiler Gallons
-1.2 5 -4.5 40% -11,602 68% -123
Fan Energy
Unit BHP kW Hours kWh
Fan 0.10 0.07 2,500 187
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost
Construction Costs
Ductwork to discharge heat to cafeteria 0 1 LS $2,000 $2,000
Estimating contingency 0 5%$100
Overhead & profit 0 30%$630
Design fees 0 10%$273
Project management 0 8%$240
Annual Costs
Fan maintenance 1 - 25 1 LS $60.00 $1,022
Energy Costs
Electric Energy 1 - 25 187 kWh $0.435 $2,297
Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -123 gal $4.91 ($17,137)
Net Present Worth ($10,600)
EEM-11: Install Valves on Unit Heaters
Energy Analysis
Loss, BTUH Number Factor Loss, kBTU Boiler Effic Fuel, gals
-1,500 6 15% -11,826 70% -125
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost
Construction Costs
Install automatic valves and connect to fan wiring 0 6 ea $500 $3,000
Overhead & profit 0 30%$900
Design fees 0 10%$390
Project management 0 8%$343
Energy Costs
Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -125 gal $4.91 ($17,409)
Net Present Worth ($12,800)
Hoonah School 27 FINAL Energy Audit (November 2011)
Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis
25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226
Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us
Hoonah Schools
EEM-12: Upgrade Gym Lighting
Energy Analysis
Lamp Lamp, watts Fixture Watts Lamp Lamp, watts Fixture Watts kW Hours kWh
MH 400 460 T5 310 357 -5.8 2,310 -13,389
Additional Heating Load
kWh Factor kBtu η boiler Gallons
13,389 25% 11,421 68% 121
Lamp Replacement
# Fixtures Lamp # Lamps Life, hrs Replace/yr $/lamp replace
56 MH -1 20,000 -6.47 $30
56 T5 6 30,000 4.31 $24
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost
Construction Costs
Replace 400 watt MH with T5 Fluorescent 0 56 LS $525 $29,400
Estimating contingency 0 15%$4,410
Overhead & profit 0 30% $10,143
Design fees 0 10%$4,395
Project management 0 8%$3,868
Annual Costs
Existing lamp replacement, 400 watt MH 1 - 25 -6.47 replacements $60.00 ($6,608)
New lamp replacement, T5 1 - 25 4.31 replacements $54.00 $3,965
Energy Costs
Fuel Oil 1 - 25 121 gal $4.91 $16,869
Electric Energy 1 - 25 -13,389 kWh $0.435 ($164,930)
Net Present Worth ($98,500)
Fixtures
56
SavingsExistingReplacement
Hoonah School 28 FINAL Energy Audit (November 2011)
Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis
25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226
Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us
Hoonah Schools
EEM-13: Optimize Ventilation Systems
Energy Analysis
Fan Case CFM ΔP η, fan BHP η, motor kW Hours kWh
AHU-4 Existing -2,350 2.00 55%-1 86%-1 1,800 -2,112
Optimized 0 2.00 55%0 86%0 1,800 0
EF-2 Existing -2,350 0.38 50%0 75%0 1,800 -496
Optimized 1,000 0.38 55%0 75%0 1,800 192
-1 -2,416
Ventilation SA CFM MAT T,room MBH Hours kBtu η boiler Gallons
AHU-1 Existing -2,350 65 70 -13 1,800 -22,842 68%-243
Optimized 3,000 68 70 6 1,800 11,664 68%124
AHU-2 Existing -4,500 62 70 -39 1,800 -69,984 68%-743
Optimized 4,500 67 70 15 1,800 26,244 68%279
AHU-4 Existing -2,350 40 70 -76 1,800 -137,052 68%-1,455
EF-2 Optimized 1,000 62 70 9 1,800 15,552 68%165
AHU-HS Existing -4,000 55 70 -65 1,800 -116,640 68%-1,238
Optimized 4,000 62 70 35 1,800 62,208 68%661
-230,850 -2,451
Unit Loss, BTUH Number Factor Loss, kBTU Boiler Effic Fuel, gals
AHU-3 -2,000 1 20% -3,504 68% -38
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost
Construction Costs
Optimize control sequences 0 1 LS $25,000 $25,000
Retrocommission systems 0 8 LS $8,000 $64,000
Estimating contingency 0 15% $13,350
Overhead & profit 0 30% $30,705
Design fees 0 10% $13,306
Project management 0 8% $11,709
Energy Costs
Electric Energy 1 - 25 -2,416 kWh $0.435 ($29,761)
Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -2,489 gal $4.91 ($346,289)
Net Present Worth ($218,000)
EEM-14: Replace Single-Pane Glazing
Energy Analysis
Component Area R,exist R,new ΔT MBH kBtu η boiler Gallons
Windows 1,078 1.0 3.0 20 -14.4 -125,910 68%-1,337
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost
Construction Costs
Replace window glazing unit 0 1,078 sqft $75 $80,850
Overhead & profit 0 30% $24,255
Design fees 0 10% $10,511
Project management 0 8%$9,249
Energy Costs
Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -1,337 gal $4.91 ($185,977)
Net Present Worth ($61,100)
Hoonah School 29 FINAL Energy Audit (November 2011)
Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis
25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226
Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us
Hoonah Schools
EEM-15: Install Modulating Boiler Burners
Energy Analysis
Annual Gal % Savings Savings, Gal
19,721 -3.0% -592
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost
Construction Costs
Install modulating burner 0 2 LS $25,000 $50,000
Design fees 0 10%$5,000
Project management 0 8%$4,400
Annual Costs
Burner maintenance 1 - 25 2 LS $500.00 $17,027
Energy Costs
Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -592 gal $4.91 ($82,301)
Net Present Worth ($5,900)
Hoonah School 30 FINAL Energy Audit (November 2011)
Appendix B
Energy and Utility Data
Hoonah School 31 FINAL Energy Audit (November 2011)
Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Billing Data
25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226
Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us
Hoonah City Schools
ELECTRIC RATE
Electricity ($ / kWh )
1-60,000 kWh $0.4000
60,000-240,000 kWh $0.3784
>240,000 kWh $0.3679
Customer Charge $160.00
ELECTRICAL CONSUMPTION AND DEMAND
2007 2008 2009 2010
kWh kWh kWh kWh
Jan 36,400 32,000 31,520 31,280 32,800
Feb 37,440 37,200 34,000 29,760 34,600
Mar 39,680 30,720 30,720 31,680 33,200
Apr 40,960 34,960 32,640 33,280 35,460
May 35,120 29,360 31,280 28,720 31,120
Jun 28,640 16,320 19,360 18,320 20,660
Jul 18,080 11,040 10,080 16,800 14,000
Aug 19,200 15,120 12,880 20,320 16,880
Sep 34,400 22,640 26,560 32,000 28,900
Oct 30,560 27,600 31,440 33,520 30,780
Nov 33,200 30,240 32,640 31,680 31,940
Dec 32,720 34,080 32,640 31,280 32,680
Total 386,400 321,280 325,760 338,640 343,020
Average 32,200 26,773 27,147 28,220 28,585
ELECTRIC BILLING DETAILS
Month Energy Total Energy Total % Change
Jan $12,608 $12,768 $13,120 $13,280 4.0%
Feb $13,600 $13,760 $13,840 $14,000 1.7%
Mar $12,288 $12,448 $13,280 $13,440 8.0%
Apr $13,056 $13,216 $14,184 $14,344 8.5%
May $12,512 $12,672 $12,448 $12,608 -0.5%
Jun $7,744 $7,904 $8,264 $8,424 6.6%
Jul $4,032 $4,192 $5,600 $5,760 37.4%
Aug $5,152 $5,312 $6,752 $6,912 30.1%
Sep $10,624 $10,784 $11,560 $11,720 8.7%
Oct $12,576 $12,736 $12,312 $12,472 -2.1%
Nov $13,056 $13,216 $12,776 $12,936 -2.1%
Dec $13,056 $13,216 $13,072 $13,232 0.1%
Total $ 130,304 $ 132,224 $ 137,208 $ 139,128 5.2%
Average $ 10,859 $ 11,019 $ 11,434 $ 11,594 5.2%
Cost ($/kWh) $0.406 $0.411 1.2%
2009 2010
Electrical costs are based on the current electric rates.
Large Power Interruptible
Month Average
Hoonah School 32 FINAL Energy Audit (November 2011)
Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Annual Electric Consumption
25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226
Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us
Hoonah City Schools
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecElectric Use (kWh)Month of the Year
Electric Use History
2007
2008
2009
2010
$ 0
$ 2,000
$ 4,000
$ 6,000
$ 8,000
$ 10,000
$ 12,000
$ 14,000
$ 16,000
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecElectric Cost (USD)Month of the Year
Electric Cost Breakdown
2010
Hoonah School 33 FINAL Energy Audit (November 2011)
Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Annual Fuel Oil Consumption
25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226
Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us
Hoonah City Schools
#DIV/0!
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Year Fuel Oil Degree Days
2,007 31,011 9,282
2,008 27,739 9,093
2,009 16,496 9,284
2,010 22,945 9,013
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
2007 2008 2009 2010 Degree DaysGallons of Fuel OilYear
Annual Fuel Oil Use
Fuel Oil
Degree Days
Hoonah School 34 FINAL Energy Audit (November 2011)
Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Billing Data
25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226
Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us
Annual Energy Consumption and Cost
Energy Cost $/MMBtu Area ECI EUI
Fuel Oil $4.63 $47.76 49,935 $4.65 78
Electricity $0.411 $126.75
Source Cost
Electricity 343,020 kWh $140,900 1,200 31%
Fuel Oil 19,721 Gallons $91,300 2,700 69%
Totals $232,200 3,900 100%
Annual Energy Consumption and Cost
Consumption Energy, MMBtu
Hoonah School 35 FINAL Energy Audit (November 2011)
Appendix C
Equipment Data
Hoonah School 36 FINAL Energy Audit (November 2011)
Unit ID Location FunctionMakeModelCapacity Motor HP / Volts / RPM / Effic NotesAHU 1Fan Room High SchoolCafeteriaA-12 FC DWD1 3000 CFM 2 HP/ 208 V/ 1745 RPM/ 84%AHU 2Fan Room High SchoolLibraryPACE A-15 FC DWD1 4500 CFM 3 HP/ 1745 RPM/ 208 V/ 85.5%AHU 3 GymGym9600 CFM 5 HP/ 85%estimated 1.5' headAHU 4 AtticLockersPACE2350 CFM not available2" Head Pressure, 100% outside airAHU 5 Fan Room ElementaryClassroomScott Springfield HR80AHU7200H 7200 CFM 7 1/2 HP/ 208 V/ 1760 RPM/ 91%2.25" Head PressureRF 5Fan Room Elementary6000 CFM 2 HP/ 208 V/ 1760 RPM/84% 1" Head PressureAHUHigh School Truss BayPAT Room High School Traine T-103 HP/ 208 V/ 1725 RPM/ 75%EF 1 Elementary ClassroomEF 2 Wood Shop Shop ExhaustEF 2 Attic High School LockersPace2350 CFM not available3/8" Head PressureEF 1Fan Room High SchoolKitchen Hood ExhaustEF 2 Exterior WallDish Washer Hood ExhaustP 3 Mechanical Room Domestic Hot Water Armstrong H-32 AB1/6 HP/ 120 V/ 1725 RPMTEF 1 Elementary Toilet ExhaustP 5 Mechanical RoomHot Water Circulation PumpB&G2 AB1/12 HP/ 1725 RPM/ 120 V/78%Boiler BuildingB 1 Boiler Building BoilerKewanee2050 MBHHoonah Schools - Major Equipment InventoryHoonah School 37 FINAL Energy Audit (November 2011)
Unit ID Location FunctionMakeModelCapacity Motor HP / Volts / RPM / Effic NotesHoonah Schools - Major Equipment InventoryB 2 Boiler Building BoilerKewanee2050 MBHFP 1 Boiler Building Fire PumpMarathon YB23YTT30 HP/ 208 V/ 3515 RPM/ 87%P 1A Boiler Building Boiler Circulation Pump B&GER8903AN 268 gpm @58' 10 HP/ 208 V/ 1750 RPM/ 89.5%P 1B Boiler Building Boiler Circulation Pump B&G268 gpm @58' 10 HP/ 208 V/ 1750 RPM/ 89.5%WH 1 Boiler Building Domestic Hot Water PV1500P125ATT0517,000 BTU/HR125 gallon, recovery 40°-120° 500 gallon/hrdirect oil fired hot water heater Gen 1 Boiler Room Emergency Generator KatoA169450011 150 KW 30 60 Hz 208 VGen 2 Boiler Room Emergency Generator KatoA169450011 150 KW 30 60 Hz 208 VP 4 Boiler Building Glycol PumpAC 1 Boiler Building Air CompressorAir Compressor Products1 1/2 HP/ 208 V/ 1725 RPM/ 78.5%P Boiler Building Boiler Heat Exchange Scott15SF5 HP/ 208 V/ 3450 RPM/ 84%AHU 6 Woodshop Air Handling Unit Gaylord MCF-1350A 1000 CFM 1/2 HP/ 220 V/ 1775 RPM/ 62%DC 1 Woodshop Dust CollectorUnited Air SpecialistsDA12.9 Amps/ 115 Vmanual controlEF 2 Woodshop Finish Room Centrimaster PNU120RFE1 1/4 HP/ 120 V/ 1750 RPMEF 1 Woodshop Woodshop Exhaust FanDC 2 Outside Woodshop Dust Collector Sternvent DKRD180083 HP/ 208 V/ 1750 RPM/ 81.4%EF KitchenDishwasher Hood ExhaustEF KitchenRange Hood ExhaustHoonah School 38 FINAL Energy Audit (November 2011)
Unit ID Location FunctionMakeModelCapacity Motor HP / Volts / RPM / Effic NotesHoonah Schools - Major Equipment InventoryAHU PACTraueT-10KitchenGarbage Disposal2 HP/ 208 V/ 3 PH/ 84%KitchenDishwasher6 KW 208 V/ 3 PHKitchenRange4 KW 208 V/ 3 PHKitchenOvens22.1 KW 208 V/ 3 PHKitchenFood Warmer2.8 KW 208 V/ 3 PHKitchenRefrigerator1 HP/ 120 V/ 1 PH/82.5%KitchenGrill21.9 KW 208 V/ 3 PHKitchenMixer1/2 HP/ 120 V/ 1 PH/ 62%KitchenFryer12 KW 208 V/ 3 PHKitchenSteam Kettles14.8 KW 208 V/ 3 PH
Hoonah School 39 FINAL Energy Audit (November 2011)
Appendix D
Abbreviations
AHU Air handling unit
BTU British thermal unit
BTUH BTU per hour
CBJ City and Borough of Juneau
CMU Concrete masonry unit
CO2 Carbon dioxide
CUH Cabinet unit heater
DDC Direct digital controls
DHW Domestic hot water
EAD Exhaust air damper
EEM Energy efficiency measure
EF Exhaust fan
Gyp Bd Gypsum board
HVAC Heating, Ventilating, Air-
conditioning
HW Hot water
HWRP Hot water recirculating pump
KVA Kilovolt-amps
kW Kilowatt
kWh Kilowatt-hour
LED Light emitting diode
MBH 1,000 Btu per hour
MMBH 1,000,000 Btu per hour
OAD Outside air damper
RAD Return air damper
RF Return fan
SIR Savings to investment ratio
SF Supply fan
UV Unit ventilator
VAV Variable air volume
VFD Variable frequency drive
Hoonah School 40 FINAL Energy Audit (November 2011)