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HomeMy WebLinkAboutSEA-AEE-Hydaburg Elementary School 2012-EE Hydaburg Elementary School Hydaburg City School District Funded by: Final Report November 2011 Prepared by: Energy Audit Table of Contents Section 1: Executive Summary 2  Section 2: Introduction 6  Section 3: Energy Efficiency Measures 9  Section 4: Description of Systems 12  Section 5: Methodology 19  Appendix A: Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 22  Appendix B: Energy and Utility Data 31  Appendix C: Equipment Data 37  Appendix D: Abbreviations 39 Audit Team The energy audit is performed by Alaska Energy Engineering LLC of Juneau, Alaska. The audit team consists of:  Jim Rehfeldt, P.E., Energy Engineer  Jack Christiansen, Energy Consultant  Brad Campbell, Energy Auditor  Loras O’Toole P.E., Mechanical Engineer  Will Van Dyken P.E., Electrical Engineer  Curt Smit, P.E., Mechanical Engineer  Philip Iverson, Construction Estimator  Karla Hart, Technical Publications Specialist  Jill Carlile, Data Analyst  Grayson Carlile, Energy Modeler Hydaburg Elementary School 1 Energy Audit (November 2011) Section 1 Executive Summary An energy audit of the Hydaburg Elementary School was performed by Alaska Energy Engineering LLC. The investment grade audit was funded by Alaska Housing Finance Corporation (AHFC) to identify opportunities to improve the energy performance of public buildings throughout Alaska. Hydaburg Elementary School is a 21,465 square foot building that contains offices, classrooms, commons, a library, a multi-purpose room, kitchen and dining facilities, and mechanical support spaces. Building Assessment The following summarizes our assessment of the building. Envelope There are significant air leakage paths from conditioned spaces into the vented attics. These include:  A 20” diameter opening in the fan room space behind VU-5.  Four abandoned ventilation chases in the attic above the 1965 building corridor. The chase are covered only with a ½” plywood cap. A large amount of air from the classrooms can be felt entering the attic at these locations.  An unfinished 6’x6’ opening connects the ceiling space above the entire library/media wing to an adjacent vented attic. This issue should be corrected as soon as possible.  A 16’x16’ section of ceiling space above Storage A127 was insulated with only R-19 (instead of R-38) and part of the insulation has fallen through. This section should have additional insulation added.  A 4’x4’ opening from the fan room space above office A130. This opening allows air to flow freely from the fan room space to the adjacent vented attic. In addition to this unfinished wall section, a 5’x 12’ section of fan room wall is uninsulated and a 5’ x 42’ section of wall on the east side of the fan room is very poorly insulated.  Multiple conduit and duct paths through the ceiling of the main fan room (Mech 117). The building siding and roofing appear to be in good condition and should continue to provide good service. The gutters, however, have long passed their useful life and must be replaced. Several sections of gutter that have completely rusted through are allowing water to drain on the siding and contributing to the shortening of the life of the siding. The east and west entry doors to the office and library and the window curtain frame around the west entry are a very poor selection for this climate. The door and window curtain frame are uninsulated and constructed with large flat aluminum panels. The windows are single-pane Plexiglas. There are four windows with failed glazing and three broken windows. All should be replaced. Arctic entryways could be framed into the Library/Media east and west entry interior spaces at a minimal cost. This would reduce outside air infiltration to the space when accessing the building through these entryways. Hydaburg Elementary School 2 Energy Audit (November 2011) Heating System The building is heated by two fuel oil boilers that provide heat to five air handling unit systems, fan coil units, and perimeter hydronic systems. Issues noted include:  Boilers and heating pumps are not controlled by the DDC system. They are currently operated in manual mode with both boilers and pumps operated simultaneously. Only one boiler and pump is needed to heat the school.  Both boilers are currently coming on at the same setpoint of 158° F. Boiler 1 is turning off at 167° F with only a 9° F operational band. Boiler 2 is turning off at 172° F with only a 14° F operational band. The combination of simultaneous boiler operations and boiler runtime short- cycling is very inefficient. When used, dual-boiler systems should be set up as follows for maximum operating efficiency: a. Set the lead boiler with a 30° F deadband, turning on at 160° F and off at 190° F. b. Set the lag boiler with a 30° F deadband, turning on at 145° F and off at 175° F. c. Rotate the lead and lag boilers monthly to keep similar operating hours on both units. Five of the arctic entry cabinet fan heaters were allowing full heating water circulation flow through the units even though the thermostats were properly set. As a result these spaces and the surrounding spaces were too warm. The likely cause of this is a faulty auto valve on the heating unit. Thermostat control of the auto valve should be verified at each location and repairs made accordingly. The original circulation pump P-2 for Boiler 2 was rated at ½ HP. It was replaced with a 1/3 HP unit. It is recommended that the pumping requirements for this loop be verified to ensure the smaller motor is adequate. The remainder of the fuel oil boiler heating system appears to be in good condition; however, fairly simple improvements can be made to improve its effectiveness and efficiency. These are outlined in Section 3, Energy Efficiency Measures. Ventilation System The building ventilation systems consists of five air handling units. In addition to the AHUs, there are six exhaust fans mounted throughout the building and on the rooftop for the purposes of cooling spaces, improving building air quality, and kitchen exhaust. Issues include:  The main kitchen exhaust hood is operated daily from 6:00 am to 1:00 pm. This unit is a fixed flow exhaust rated at 1600 cfm and puts a large demand on the ventilation and heating supply systems. Staff should change their operating mode to only use the large hood exhaust fan when generating grease-laden odors, to use the dishwasher exhaust fan when generating normal food odors or steam/water vapor, and keeping both off at all other times. This behavioral modification will result in a sizable energy reduction.  The belt guards for air handling units above the kitchen and office are not installed and are laying nearby. This is a safety hazard.  Upon arrival, the gym was not heating adequately. The audit team worked with the school principal to adjust the gym control temperature on the DDC system from 66 F to 68 F. The air from the gym also moves into the dining room and kitchen. Increasing the gym temperature also increased the temperatures and comfort of these spaces. Building temperatures and fan operations improved after the adjustments were made. Hydaburg Elementary School 3 Energy Audit (November 2011) Lighting Interior lighting primarily consists of T8 and metal halide lighting. The gym lighting is also efficient fluorescent pendant fixtures and exterior lighting primarily consists of high pressure sodium lighting. The interior lighting is controlled by staff and the exterior lighting is not used. As a result, lighting operational hours and subsequent electrical demand are kept to a minimum without changes in infrastructure. Control System The building has a DDC control system for the HVAC systems. The current schedule turns the fans on from 7 am to 4 pm Monday to Friday. The scheduling program is not easily modified to adjust for variations in the school calendar. As such, fans are operating on weekdays when school is not in session. A user-friendly scheduling program where schedules can be easily customized for variations in the school year will ensure optimal fan operation. Conclusion It is the assessment of the energy audit team that the Hydaburg Elementary School staff are very focused on lowering energy consumption at the facility in their daily operations, and that the majority of the building energy losses are due to a substandard building envelope issues combined with improper heating and ventilating system control sequences. This results in a situation that cannot be corrected by operational modifications alone. Outlined within the report are recommendations for building envelope sealing efforts, modifications to the building control sequences, and subsequent building retro-commissioning. Building maintenance is currently contracted with a heating and plumbing company. In-house maintenance is preferred for a facility of this size to ensure systems are properly monitored and repaired. As the systems age, maintenance and repair requirements will increase; under this scenario an in-house maintenance position will be more than self-funded while repairing and keeping the systems operating optimally. Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs) All buildings have opportunities to improve their energy efficiency. The energy audit revealed numerous opportunities in which an efficiency investment will result in a net reduction in long-term operating costs. Behavioral and Operational EEMs The following EEMs require behavioral and operational changes in the building use. The savings are not readily quantifiable but these EEMs are highly recommended as low-cost opportunities that are a standard of high performance buildings. EEM-1: Weather-strip Doors EEM-2: Seal Building Envelope Hydaburg Elementary School 4 Energy Audit (November 2011) High and Medium Priority EEMs The following EEMs are recommended for investment. They are ranked by life cycle savings to investment ratio (SIR). This ranking method places a priority on low cost EEMs which can be immediately funded, generating energy savings to fund higher cost EEMs in the following years. Negative values, in parenthesis, represent savings. 25 Year Life Cycle Cost Analysis Investment Operating Energy Total SIR High Priority EEM-3: Install Pipe Insulation $200 $0 ($16,800) ($16,600) 84.0 EEM-4: Optimize Temperature Setback $2,700 $0 ($136,000) ($133,300) 50.4 EEM-5: Perform Boiler Combustion Test $700 $4,200 ($17,000) ($12,100) 18.3 EEM-6: Control Heating Plant $22,900 $8,500 ($113,800) ($82,400) 4.6 EEM-7: Replace Aerators $400 $0 ($1,700) ($1,300) 4.3 EEM-8: Thermostat/Auto Valve Repair $3,600 $0 ($14,500) ($10,900) 4.0 Medium Priority EEM-9: Eliminate Exhaust Fan EF-1 $8,900 ($1,000) ($28,400) ($20,500) 3.3 EEM-10: Replace Exit Lights $600 ($200) ($1,300) ($900) 2.5 EEM-11: Server Room Heat Recovery $2,000 $0 ($5,000) ($3,000) 2.5 EEM-12: Replace Window Pane Glazing $4,700 $0 ($11,900) ($7,200) 2.5 EEM-13: Replace Boiler Burners $21,300 $0 ($51,000) ($29,700) 2.4 EEM-14: Replace Failed Window Glazing $9,300 $0 ($19,500) ($10,200) 2.1 EEM-15: Upgrade Motors $5,100 $0 ($9,100) ($4,000) 1.8 EEM-16: Install Boiler Room Heat Recovery $18,600 $4,600 ($38,300) ($15,100) 1.8 EEM-17: Replace Broken Windows $3,300 $0 ($5,600) ($2,300) 1.7 EEM-18: Optimize Ventilation Systems $62,200 $0 ($101,000) ($38,800) 1.6 EEM-19: Replace Entrance Assembly $21,300 $0 ($26,900) ($5,600) 1.3 EEM-20: Install Arctic Entries $24,900 $0 ($25,800) ($900) 1.0 Total* $212,700 $16,100 ($623,600) ($394,800) 2.9 * The analysis is based on each EEM being independent of the others. While it is likely that some EEMs are interrelated, an isolated analysis is used to demonstrate the economics because the audit team is not able to predict which EEMs an Owner may choose to implement. If several EEMs are implemented, the resulting energy savings is likely to differ from the sum of each EEM projection. Summary The energy audit revealed numerous opportunities for improving the energy performance of the building. It is recommended that the behavioral and high priority EEMs be implemented now to generate energy savings from which to fund the medium priority EEMs. Another avenue to consider is to borrow money from AHFCs revolving loan fund for public buildings. AHFC will loan money for energy improvements under terms that allow for paying back the money from the energy savings. More information on this option can be found online at http://www.ahfc.us/loans/akeerlf_loan.cfm. Hydaburg Elementary School 5 Energy Audit (November 2011) Section 2 Introduction This report presents the findings of an energy audit of Hydaburg Elementary School located in Hydaburg, Alaska. The purpose of this investment grade energy audit is to evaluate the infrastructure and its subsequent energy performance to identify applicable energy efficiencies measures (EEMs). The energy audit report contains the following sections:  Introduction: Building use and energy consumption.  Energy Efficiency Measures: Priority ranking of the EEMs with a description, energy analysis, and life cycle cost analysis.  Description of Systems: Background description of the building energy systems.  Methodology: Basis for how construction and maintenance cost estimates are derived and the economic and energy factors used for the analysis. BUILDING USE Hydaburg Elementary School is a 21,465 square foot building that contains offices, classrooms, commons, a library, a multi-purpose room, kitchen and dining facilities, and mechanical support spaces. The building is occupied by 24 students, 9 teachers, 1 admin staff, and 3 part time staff members. It is used in the following manner: Offices: 7:30 am – 5:00 pm (M-F) Commons: 7:30 am – 5:00 pm (M-F) Classrooms: 8:00 am – 2:45 pm (M-F) Gym 8:00 am – 2:45 pm (M-F) Building History 1963 – Original Construction 1975 – Library and Entry Addition 1982 – Gym Mechanical Upgrades 1992 – Classroom Addition 2004 - School Renovation Hydaburg Elementary School 6 Energy Audit (November 2011) Energy Consumption The building energy sources include an electric service, a fuel oil tank, and propane. Fuel oil is used for the majority of the heating loads while electricity serves all other loads, including domestic hot water and a limited amount of space heating. The following table shows annual energy use and cost. Annual Energy Consumption and Cost Source Consumption Cost Energy, MMBtu Electricity 270,000 kWh $70,400 920 33% Fuel Oil 14,100 Gallons $58,700 1,910 67% Totals - $129,100 2,830 100% Electricity This chart shows electrical energy use from 2007 to 2010. Monthly electricity use varies from year to year; however there was no explanation for why this occurs. The effective cost— energy costs plus demand charges—is 26.1¢ per kWh. Hydaburg Elementary School 7 Energy Audit (November 2011) Fuel Oil This chart shows heating energy use from 2008 and 2009. No fuel oil data was provided for 2010. The chart compares annual use with the heating degree days which is a measurement of the demand for energy to heat a building. A year with a higher number of degree days reflects colder outside temperatures and a higher heating requirement. The current cost of fuel oil in Hydaburg is $4.16 per gallon and electricity is 26.1¢ per kWh. Assuming a fuel oil conversion efficiency of 70% and an electric boiler conversion efficiency of 95%, oil heat costs $42.91 per MMBtu and electric heat costs $80.44 per MMBtu. As such, fuel oil heat is considerably less expensive than electric heat. Hydaburg Elementary School 8 Energy Audit (November 2011) Section 3 Energy Efficiency Measures The following energy efficiency measures (EEMs) were identified during the energy audit. The EEMs are priority ranked and, where applicable, subjected to energy and life cycle cost analysis. Appendix A contains the energy and life cycle cost analysis spreadsheets. The EEMs are grouped into the following prioritized categories:  Behavioral or Operational: EEMs that require minimal capital investment but require operational or behavioral changes. The EEMs provide a life cycle savings but an analysis is not performed because the guaranteed energy savings is difficult quantify.  High Priority: EEMs that require a small capital investment and offer a life cycle savings. Also included in this category are higher cost EEMs that offer significant life cycle savings.  Medium Priority: EEMs that require a significant capital investment to provide a life cycle savings. Many medium priority EEMs provide a high life cycle savings and offer substantial incentive to increase investment in building energy efficiency.  Low Priority: EEMs that will save energy but do not provide a life cycle savings. BEHAVIORAL OR OPERATIONAL The following EEMs are recommended for implementation. They require behavioral or operational changes that can occur with minimal investment to achieve immediate savings. These EEMs are not easily quantified by analysis because they cannot be accurately predicted. They are recommended because they offer a life cycle savings, represent good practice, and are accepted features of high performance buildings. EEM-1: Weather-strip Doors Purpose: The weather stripping on all of the singe-wide and double wide exterior doors is in poor condition. Energy will be saved if doors are properly weather-stripped to reduce infiltration. Scope: Replace weather stripping on exterior doors. Hydaburg Elementary School 9 Energy Audit (November 2011) EEM-2: Seal Building Envelope Purpose: Several significant building envelope integrity and insulation issues were identified during the inspection. Energy would be saved if these are corrected. Scope: Perform repairs to the following: a. A 20” diameter opening in the fan room space behind VU-5. Opening should be covered and space filled with R-38 insulation. b. Four 2 ½’x2 ½’ ventilation frames in the attic above the northeast classroom corridor. These were covered only with a ½” plywood cap during the remodel. A large amount of air from the classrooms can be felt entering the attic at these locations. Vapor barrier should be wrapped around and over the frames, and the sides and tops of the four ventilation frames should be insulated to at least an R- 38 level c. The entire library/media wing. This space was meant to have several feet of open ceiling space above the false ceiling and below the insulated trusses. A framing detail missed during construction left this space open to an adjacent vented attic through an unfinished 6’x6’ opening. The opening between the spaces should be framed shut, vapor barrier applied, and R-38 insulation installed. d. A 16’x16’ section of insulated ceiling space above Storage A127. This was insulated with only R-19 instead of R-38 and part of it has fallen through. Repair ceiling over area where insulation has fallen through and then build up all insulation to R-38. e. A 4’x4’ opening from the fan room space above office A130. This opening allows air to flow freely from the fan room space to the adjacent vented attic. This detail was also missed during construction. The opening between the spaces should be framed shut, vapor barrier applied, and R-38 insulation installed. f. A 5’x 12’ section of fan room wall is uninsulated and a 5’ x 42’ section of wall on the east side of the fan room is very poorly insulated. Insulation should be added/installed to build up to an R-38 level on these walls. HIGH PRIORITY The following EEMs are recommended for implementation because they are low cost measures that have a high savings to investment ratio. The EEMs are listed from highest to lowest priority. Negative values, in parenthesis, represent savings. EEM-3: Install Pipe Insulation Purpose: An 8’ section of 1” pipe on VU-3, and a 4’ section of 1 ½” pipe and a 6’ section of ¾” pipe are uninsulated. Energy will be saved if these sections of boiler supply and return piping are optimally insulated. Scope: Install insulation on uninsulated boiler supply and return piping. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($590) ($590) $200 $0 ($16,800) ($16,600) 84.0 Hydaburg Elementary School 10 Energy Audit (November 2011) EEM-4: Optimize Temperature Setback Purpose: The control system has the ability to setback the room temperatures during unoccupied periods. It is reported that this feature is not operating properly. Scope: Develop optimal temperature setback control sequences for the building. Include sequences that require several rooms to drop to 60° F before operating the fans with all spaces warmed to 64° F while the fan is operating. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($4,800) ($4,800) $2,700 $0 ($136,000) ($133,300) 50.4 EEM-5: Perform a Boiler Combustion Test Purpose: Operating the boiler with an optimum amount of excess air will improve combustion efficiency. Annual cleaning followed by a combustion test is recommended. Scope: Annually clean and perform a combustion test on the boiler. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $220 ($600) ($380) $700 $4,200 ($17,000) ($12,100) 18.3 EEM-6: Control Heating Plant Purpose: The heating plant is currently manually operated with both boilers and both boiler pumps operating. Only one boiler and pump is needed to heat the school. Energy will be saved if the heating plant is connected to the DDC system to allow for automatic sequencing of the boilers and pumps so only one boiler and pump is operating at any time. Scope: Enable lead/standby sequencing of the boilers and pumps through the DDC system. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $440 ($4,250) ($3,810) $22,900 $8,500 ($113,800) ($82,400) 4.6 EEM-7: Replace Aerators Purpose: Energy and water will be saved by replacing lavatory aerators and showerheads with low-flow models. Scope: Replace lavatory aerators and showerheads with water-conserving fixtures. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($90) ($90) $400 $0 ($1,700) ($1,300) 4.3 Hydaburg Elementary School 11 Energy Audit (November 2011) EEM-8: Thermostat/Auto Valve Repair Purpose: Five of the arctic entry cabinet fan heaters are allowing full heating water circulation flow through the units even though the thermostats are properly set. As a result these spaces and the surrounding spaces are too warm. The likely cause of this is a faulty auto valve on the heating unit or improper connection to the thermostat. Energy will be saved if the thermostat is isolating flow to the cabinet heater properly. Scope: Proper thermostat control of the auto valve should be verified at each location with repairs made accordingly. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($510) ($510) $3,600 $0 ($14,500) ($10,900) 4.0 MEDIUM PRIORITY Medium priority EEMs require planning and a higher level of investment. They are recommended because they offer a life cycle savings. The EEMs are listed from highest to lowest priority. Negative values, in parenthesis, represent savings. EEM-9: Eliminate Exhaust Fan EF-1 Purpose: Exhaust fan EF-4 is currently exhausting air from the gym storage spaces. These spaces were previously used as locker rooms and have high air flows. Now that they are only used for storage, the supply and exhaust airflow can be reduced. Reducing the storage room exhaust will allow a consolidation of EF-1 and EF-4. Energy will be saved if EF-1 is abandoned and the EF-1 exhaust duct is connected to EF-4 and the system rebalanced. This would eliminate the ½ HP load of EF-1. Scope: Connect the ductwork for EF-4 to EF-1 in room A117 fan room and secure EF-1. Rebalance air flow to the storage spaces: supply = 100 cfm and exhaust = 150 cfm. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR ($50) ($1,051) ($1,101) $8,900 ($1,000) ($28,400) ($20,500) 3.3 EEM-10: Replace Exit Lights Purpose: There are two exit lights on the west side of classroom wing that still use incandescent bulbs. Energy will be saved if the exit lights are replaced with self-luminescent signage. Scope: Replace the two existing exit signs with self-luminescent exit signs. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR ($10) ($70) ($80) $600 ($200) ($1,300) ($900) 2.5 Hydaburg Elementary School 12 Energy Audit (November 2011) EEM-11: Server Room Heat Recovery Purpose: The computer server room contains 3 switches, 1 server, and additional heat generating electrical equipment. Energy will be saved if the heat from this room is transferred to the adjacent library. Scope: Install a transfer grille to bring air from the library into the server room. Reroute the EF-5 discharge duct to a new supply grille in the library ceiling. Block off the exhaust grilles in the Communication room so the heat is not exhausted by EF-2. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($170) ($170) $2,000 $0 ($5,000) ($3,000) 2.5 EEM-12: Replace Window Pane Glazing Purpose: The double-door entry on the east side of the gym has a single-pane window curtain assembly that utilizes Plexiglas as the window panes. Energy will be saved if these single pane Plexiglas units are replaced with double pane glazing units. Scope: Replace single pane Plexiglas units with double pane glazing units. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($420) ($420) $4,700 $0 ($11,900) ($7,200) 2.5 EEM-13: Replace Boiler Burners Purpose: The boiler burners are on-off burners that are incapable of modulating to the meet the heating load. Replacing the burners with low-high-low models will increase boiler efficiency. Setting the boiler setpoints with a 30° F difference between on and off will also improve efficiency. Scope: Install modulating burners on the boilers and adjust setpoints as above. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($1,800) ($1,800) $21,300 $0 ($51,000) ($29,700) 2.4 EEM-14: Replace Failed Window Glazing Purpose: The glazing has failed on four windows on the west gym-section wall. Energy will be saved if the failed glazing is replaced. Scope: Replace windows with failed glazing. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($690) ($690) $9,300 $0 ($19,500) ($10,200) 2.1 Hydaburg Elementary School 13 Energy Audit (November 2011) EEM-15: Upgrade Motors Purpose: Equipment inspection identified four motors that could be upgraded with premium efficiency models to save energy. They are: P-1 - ½ HP from 74% to 78.5% efficiency P-2 - 1/3 HP from 68% to 77 % efficiency VU-4 - 1 HP from 78.5% to 85.5% efficiency VU-5 - 3 HP from 82.5% to 89.5% efficiency Scope: Replace identified motors with premium efficiency motors. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($464) ($464) $5,100 $0 ($9,100) ($4,000) 1.8 EEM-16: Install Boiler Room Heat Recovery Purpose: The boiler room utilizes inlet and outlet grills to exhaust air outside of the space. Energy will be saved if the heat generated from the boiler room is used within the building envelop. Scope: Install a heat recovery unit in the boiler room space and transfer the heat to the gym. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $240 ($1,170) ($930) $18,600 $4,600 ($38,300) ($15,100) 1.8 EEM-17: Replace Broken Windows Purpose: Two windows on the west wall and one window on the east wall of the east classroom wing are broken. Energy will be saved if these windows are replaced. Scope: Replace broken windows. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($200) ($200) $3,300 $0 ($5,600) ($2,300) 1.7 Hydaburg Elementary School 14 Energy Audit (November 2011) EEM-18: Optimize Ventilation Systems Purpose: The ventilation systems controls can be optimized to reduce energy consumption. Scope: Modify the ventilation system controls as follows: - VU-1 (Classrooms): Reduce minimum OSA to 1,500 cfm; modulate mixing dampers and automatic valve to maintain 62° F supply air temperature. - VU-2 (Library): Maintain minimum outside air at 340 cfm; modulate mixing dampers and automatic valve to maintain CO2 levels below 800 ppm and 62° F supply air temperature. - VU-4 (Dining/Kitchen): Modulate mixing dampers and automatic valve sequentially to maintain room setpoint. - VU-5 (Gym): Modulate mixing dampers and automatic valve to maintain CO2 level below 800 ppm and desired room temperature. Modulate air flow from 50% to 100% to provide cooling. - Optimize night setback control. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($3,700) ($3,700) $62,200 $0 ($101,000) ($38,800) 1.6 EEM-19: Replace Door and Window Assembly Purpose: The east and west entry doors to the Library/Media space and the window curtain frame around the west entry are a very poor selection for this climate. The door and window curtain frame are uninsulated and constructed with large flat aluminum panels. The windows are single-pane Plexiglas. Energy will be saved if these units are replaced with insulated doors with thermally-broken frame and the window curtain assemblies are removed and replaced with a fully insulated and finished wall section. Scope: Replace the Library/Media space east exterior door with a high-efficiency exterior door with a thermally broken frame. Remove the entire Library/Media west door and window frame assembly, then frame, insulate, and finish the wall with the installation of a single-wide high efficiency exterior door with a thermally broken frame. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($950) ($950) $21,300 $0 ($26,900) ($5,600) 1.3 Hydaburg Elementary School 15 Energy Audit (November 2011) LOW PRIORITY Low priority EEMs do not offer a life cycle energy savings and are not recommended. EEM-20: Install Arctic Entries Purpose: A significant amount of energy is lost through the Library/Media east and west entryways because the design did not incorporate an arctic entry. The existing design lends itself well to this addition without compromising building aesthetics. Scope: Install arctic entries. Analysis: Arctic entrances should also be part of a high performance school. Unfortunately, the high cost of retrofitting them into an existing building cannot be offset by energy savings. This EEM is not recommended unless infiltration adversely affects occupant comfort. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($910) ($910) $24,900 $0 ($25,800) ($900) 1.0 Hydaburg Elementary School 16 Energy Audit (November 2011) Section 4 Description of Systems ENERGY SYSTEMS This section provides a general description of the building systems. Energy conservation opportunities are addressed in the Energy Efficiency Measure section of the report. Building Envelope The following table summarizes the existing envelope. Building Envelope R-value Component Description (inside to outside) Existing Optimal Exterior Wall 5/8” Gyp. Bd, 2”x 6” wood studs w/ R-19 batt, ½” plywood, siding R-18 R-26 Roof 5/8” Gyp. Bd, R-24 batt, truss assembly cold roof R-25 R-46 Floor Slab 4” Concrete slab-on-grade R-10 R-10 Foundation 8” concrete with 2” rigid insulation on interior surface R-10 R-20 Windows aluminum; all double pane except Library/Media entrances R-1.5 R-5 Doors Aluminum or steel R-1.5 R-5 Heating System The building is heated by two fuel oil boilers that provide heat to five air handling unit systems, a make-up air unit in the shop, fan coil units, and perimeter hydronic systems. The heating system has the following pumps:  P-1 is the primary pump for boiler 1  P-2 is the primary pump for boiler 2  P-3A is a building heating pump  P-3B is a building heating pump  P-4 is the domestic hot water heating pump  HWRP-A is the domestic hot water recirculation pump Hydaburg Elementary School 17 Energy Audit (November 2011) Ventilation Systems The following table summarizes the ventilation systems in the building. Ventilation Systems Area Fan System Description Classrooms VU-1 Constant volume air handling unit consisting of a heating coil, mixing box, filter section, supply fan, and return air fan Library AHU-2 Constant volume air handling unit consisting of mixing box, filter section, supply fan, and return air fan Entrance AHU-3 Constant volume air handling unit consisting of a heating coil, filter section, supply fan Kitchen & Dining AHU-4 Constant volume air handling unit consisting of a heating coil, mixing box, filter section, and a supply fan Gymnasium AHU-5 Constant volume air handling unit consisting of a heating coil, mixing box, filter section, supply fan, 1965 Toilet Rooms EF-1 490 cfm 1/2 HP constant volume belt drive fan Library Toilets EF-2 ¼ HP toilet exhaust fan Dishwasher Hood EF-3 550 cfm 1/3 HP constant volume kitchen exhaust hood Storage Rooms EF-4 960 cfm 1/2 HP constant volume belt drive roof exhauster Communications Room EF-5 275 cfm 80 W ceiling exhaust fan Classroom Toilet Rooms EF-6 750 cfm 1/5 HP Kitchen Hood HEF 1600 cfm ¾ HP belt drive exhaust hood fan Domestic Hot Water System An indirect hot water heater supplies domestic hot water to the fixtures. The water conservation efficiency of the lavatory aerators and the showerheads can be improved. Automatic Control System Although the facility has an automatic control system, boilers and heating pumps are not controlled by the DDC system and building controls currently programmed are insufficient. Programming should include a building operational schedule that staff could use to set building heating and ventilating start-ups and shutdowns for evenings, weekends, and holidays Lighting Interior lighting primarily consists of T8 and metal halide lighting. Exterior lighting consists primarily of metal halide lighting. The interior and exterior lighting schedule is controlled by staff. As a result, lighting operational hours and subsequent electrical demand are kept to a minimum. Electric Equipment Commercial kitchen equipment for food preparation at Hydaburg Elementary School is located in the food prep area. Hydaburg Elementary School 18 Energy Audit (November 2011) Section 5 Methodology Information for the energy audit was gathered through on-site observations, review of construction documents, and interviews with operation and maintenance personnel. The EEMs are evaluated using energy and life cycle cost analyses and are priority ranked for implementation. Energy Efficiency Measures Energy efficiency measures are identified by evaluating the building’s energy systems and comparing them to systems in modern, high performance buildings. The process for identifying the EEMs acknowledges the realities of an existing building that was constructed when energy costs were much lower. Many of the opportunities used in modern high performance buildings—highly insulated envelopes, variable capacity mechanical systems, heat pumps, daylighting, lighting controls, etc.— simply cannot be economically incorporated into an existing building. The EEMs represent practical measures to improve the energy efficiency of the buildings, taking into account the realities of limited budgets. If a future major renovation project occurs, additional EEMs common to high performance buildings should be incorporated. Life Cycle Cost Analysis The EEMs are evaluated using life cycle cost analysis which determines if an energy efficiency investment will provide a savings over a 25-year life. The analysis incorporates construction, replacement, maintenance, repair, and energy costs to determine the total cost over the life of the EEM. Future maintenance and energy cash flows are discounted to present worth using escalation factors for general inflation, energy inflation, and the value of money. The methodology is based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Handbook 135 – Life Cycle Cost Analysis. Life cycle cost analysis is preferred to simple payback for facilities that have long—often perpetual— service lives. Simple payback, which compares construction cost and present energy cost, is reasonable for short time periods of 2-4 years, but yields below optimal results over longer periods because it does not properly account for the time value of money or inflationary effects on operating budgets. Accounting for energy inflation and the time value of money properly sums the true cost of facility ownership and seeks to minimize the life cycle cost. Construction Costs The cost estimates are derived based on a preliminary understanding of the scope of each EEM as gathered during the walk-through audit. The construction costs for in-house labor are $60 per hour for work typically performed by maintenance staff and $110 per hour for contract labor. The cost estimate assumes the work will be performed as part of a larger renovation or energy efficiency upgrade project. When implementing EEMs, the cost estimate should be revisited once the scope and preferred method of performing the work has been determined. It is possible some EEMs will not provide a life cycle savings when the scope is finalized. Hydaburg Elementary School 19 Energy Audit (November 2011) Maintenance Costs Maintenance costs are based on in-house or contract labor using historical maintenance efforts and industry standards. Maintenance costs over the 25-year life of each EEM are included in the life cycle cost calculation spreadsheets and represent the level of effort to maintain the systems. Energy Analysis The energy performance of an EEM is evaluated within the operating parameters of the building. A comprehensive energy audit would rely on a computer model of the building to integrate building energy systems and evaluate the energy savings of each EEM. This investment grade audit does not utilize a computer model, so energy savings are calculated with factors that account for the dynamic operation of the building. Energy savings and costs are estimated for the 25-year life of the EEM using appropriate factors for energy inflation. Prioritization Each EEM is prioritized based on the life cycle savings to investment ratio (SIR) using the following formula: Prioritization Factor = Life Cycle Savings / Capital Costs This approach factor puts significant weight on the capital cost of an EEM, making lower cost EEMs more favorable. Economic Factors The following economic factors are significant to the findings.  Nominal Interest Rate: This is the nominal rate of return on an investment without regard to inflation. The analysis uses a rate of 5%.  Inflation Rate: This is the average inflationary change in prices over time. The analysis uses an inflation rate of 2%.  Economic Period: The analysis is based on a 25-year economic period with construction beginning in 2010. Fuel Oil Fuel oil currently costs $4.16 per gallon for a seasonally adjusted blend of #1 and #2 fuel oil. The analysis is based on 6% fuel oil inflation which has been the average for the past 20-years. Electricity Electricity is supplied by Alaska Power and Telephone. The building is billed for electricity under Alaska Power Company Bulk Power A-2 rate. This rate charges for both electrical consumption (kWh) and peak electric demand (kW). Electrical consumption is the amount of energy consumed and electric demand is the rate of consumption. Hydaburg Elementary School 20 Energy Audit (November 2011) Summary The following table summarizes the energy and economic factors used in the analysis. Alaska Power Company Bulk Power A-2 Craig Hydaburg Thorne Bay Electricity ($ / kWh ) $0.0816 Cost of Power Adjustment ($ / kWh) $0.1534 Demand ( $ / kW ) $7.16 Customer Charge ( $ / mo ) $84.52 Summary of Economic and Energy Factors Factor Rate or Cost Factor Rate or Cost Nominal Discount Rate 5% Electricity $0.269/kwh General Inflation Rate 2% Electricity Inflation 3% Fuel Oil Cost (2012) $4.41/gal Fuel Oil Inflation 6% Hydaburg Elementary School 21 Energy Audit (November 2011) Appendix A Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis Hydaburg Elementary School 22 Energy Audit (November 2011) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Hydaburg Elementary School Basis Economic Study Period (years) 25 Nominal Discount Rate 5%General Inflation 3% Energy 2011 $/gal Fuel Inflation 2012 $/gal Fuel Oil $4.16 6% $4.41 Electricity $/kWh (2011)$/kW (2011)Inflation $/kWh (2012)$/kW (2012) w/ Demand Charges $0.232 $7.00 3% $0.239 $7.21 w/o Demand Charges $0.261 -3% $0.269 - EEM-3: Install Pipe Insulation Energy Analysis Service Size Length Bare BTUH Insul BTUH Factor kBtu η boiler Gallons Heating 0.75 6 74 11 100% -3,311 68%-35 Heating 1.00 8 90 12 100% -5,466 68%-58 Heating 1.50 4 126 15 100% -3,889 68%-41 -134 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Pipe Insulation 3/4"0 6 lnft $5 $30 1"0 8 lnft $6 $48 1-1/4"0 4 lnft $7 $28 Estimating contingency 0 15%$16 Overhead & profit 0 30%$37 Design fees 0 10%$16 Project management 0 8%$14 Energy Costs Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -134 gal $4.41 ($16,811) Net Present Worth ($16,600) EEM-4: Optimize Temperature Setback Energy Analysis Annual Gal % Savings Savings, Gal 13,600 -8.0% -1,088 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Verify controls 0 1 LS $1,500 $1,500 Estimating contingency 0 15%$225 Overhead & profit 0 30%$518 Design fees 0 10%$224 Project management 0 8%$197 Energy Costs Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -1,088 gal $4.41 ($135,987) Net Present Worth ($133,300) Hydaburg Elementary School 23 Energy Audit (November 2011) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Hydaburg Elementary School EEM-5: Perform Boiler Combustion Test Energy Analysis Annual Gal % Savings Savings, Gal 13,600 -1.0% -136 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Purchase combustion analyzer 0 1 LS $700 $700 Annual Costs Combustion test 1 - 25 2 hrs $110.00 $4,242 Energy Costs Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -136 gal $4.41 ($16,998) Net Present Worth ($12,100) EEM-6: Control Heating Plant Energy Analysis Turn off Lag Boiler Input MBH Loss %Loss MBH Hours, exist Hours, new kBtu η boiler Gallons 1,290 2%26 6,480 3,600 -74,331 68% -789 Boiler Pump Energy GPH Head η pump BHP η motor kW Hours kWh -45 14 60% -0.4 75% -0.4 8,760 -3,095 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Modify DDC controls 0 8 pts $1,600 $12,800 Estimating contingency 0 15%$1,920 Overhead & profit 0 30%$4,416 Design fees 0 10% $1,913.60 Project management 0 8% $1,683.97 Stage boiler operation 0 2 ea $100 $200 Annual Costs DDC maintenance 1 - 25 4 hrs $110.00 $8,485 Energy Costs Electric Energy 1 - 25 -3,095 kWh $0.239 ($14,539) Electric Demand 1 - 25 -4.2 kW $7.21 ($601) Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -789 gal $4.41 ($98,647) Net Present Worth ($82,400) EEM-7: Replace Aerators Energy Analysis Fixture Existing Proposed Uses/day Days Water,Gals % HW kBTU kWh Lavatories 0.3 0.2 50 180 -1,620 80% -865 -253 -1,620 -253 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Replace lavatory aerators 0 12 ea $35 $420 Energy Costs Water 1 - 25 -2 kgals $10.960 ($349) Electric Energy (Effective Cost)1 - 25 -253 kWh $0.269 ($1,339) Net Present Worth ($1,300) Gallons per Use Hydaburg Elementary School 24 Energy Audit (November 2011) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Hydaburg Elementary School EEM-8: EEM-8: Thermostat/Auto Valve Repair Energy Analysis Loss, BTUH Number Factor Loss, kBTU Boiler Effic Fuel, gals -1,000 5 25% -10,950 70% -116 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Install automatic valves and connect to fan wiring 0 4 ea $500 $2,000 Estimating contingency 0 15%$300 Overhead & profit 0 30%$690 Design fees 0 10%$299 Project management 0 8%$263 Energy Costs Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -116 gal $4.41 ($14,483) Net Present Worth ($10,930) EEM-9: Eliminate Exhaust Fan EF-1 Energy Analysis Exhaust Air Savings CFM Tave Trm Hours MBH kBtu η boiler Gallons -300 30 70 1,440 -13 -19,008 68% -202 Fan Savings HP kW Hours kWh -0.5 -0.4 1,440 -537 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Reroute EF-1 ductwork to EF-4 0 1 LS $4,000 $4,000 Rebalance storage room suuply and exhaust 0 1 LS $1,000 $1,000 Estimating contingency 0 15%$750 Overhead & profit 0 30%$1,725 Design fees 0 10%$748 Project management 0 8%$658 Annual Costs Exhaust fan maintenance 1 - 25 -1 LS $50.00 ($964) Energy Costs Electric Energy 1 - 25 -537 kWh $0.239 ($2,523) Electric Demand 1 - 25 -4 kW $7.21 ($634) Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -202 gal $4.41 ($25,226) Net Present Worth ($20,470) Hydaburg Elementary School 25 Energy Audit (November 2011) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Hydaburg Elementary School EEM-10: Replace Exit Lights Energy Analysis Number Watts, exist Watts,new kW kWh 2 15 0 0.0 -263 Lamp Replacement # Fixtures # Lamps Life, hrs Lamps//yr $/lamp Labor/lamp 2 -2 20,000 -2 $2 $5.00 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Replace exit light 0 2 LS $300 $600 Annual Costs Lamp replacement 1 - 25 -2 $7.00 ($236) Energy Costs Electric Energy 1 - 25 -263 kWh $0.239 ($1,234) Electric Demand 1 - 25 0 kW $7.21 ($51) Net Present Worth ($900) EEM-11: Server Room Heat Recovery Energy Analysis Heat Gain Gain, watts Factor Loss, kBTU Boiler Effic Fuel, gals -800 75% -3,639 68% -40 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Install transfer grille 0 1 LS $700 $700 Reroute EF-5 discharge to new diffuser 0 1 LS $500 $500 Block EF-2 exhaust grilles 0 1 LS $200 $200 Overhead & profit 0 30%$420 Design fees 0 10%$182 Energy Costs Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -40 gal $4.41 ($4,955) Net Present Worth ($3,000) EEM-12: Replace Window Pane Glazing Energy Analysis Heat Loss Area R-value, ex R-value, new ΔT MBH kBtu η boiler Gallons Windows 34 0.8 3.0 30 -1.0 -8,935 68%-95 -8,935 -95 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Construction arctic entrance 0 34 sqft $75 $2,550 Estimating contingency 0 20%$510 Overhead & profit 0 30%$918 Design fees 0 10%$398 Project management 0 8%$350 Energy Costs Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -95 gal $4.41 ($11,858) Net Present Worth ($7,100) Hydaburg Elementary School 26 Energy Audit (November 2011) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Hydaburg Elementary School EEM-13: Replace Boiler Burners Energy Analysis Annual Gal % Savings Savings, Gal 13,600 -3.0% -408 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Install modulating burner, increase temperature differential 0 2 LS $6,000 $12,000 Estimating contingency 0 15%$1,800 Overhead & profit 0 30%$4,140 Design fees 0 10%$1,794 Project management 0 8%$1,579 Energy Costs Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -408 gal $4.41 ($50,995) Net Present Worth ($29,700) EEM-14: Replace Failed Window Glazing Energy Analysis Heat Loss Area R-value, ex R-value, new ΔT MBH kBtu η boiler Gallons Windows 84 1.0 3.0 30 -1.7 -14,717 68%-156 -14,717 -156 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Construction arctic entrance 0 84 sqft $60 $5,040 Estimating contingency 0 20%$1,008 Overhead & profit 0 30%$1,814 Design fees 0 10%$786 Project management 0 8%$692 Energy Costs Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -156 gal $4.41 ($19,531) Net Present Worth ($10,200) EEM-15: Upgrade Motors Energy Analysis Equip Number HP ηold ηnew kW Hours kWh P-2 1 0.33 74.0% 78.5% -0.01 4,380 -49 P-1 1 0.50 79.1% 86.5% -0.03 4,380 -121 VU-4 1 1 76.7% 85.5% -0.07 1,530 -100 VU-5 1 3 82.5% 89.5% -0.16 8,760 -1,372 -0.3 -1,642 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs HP Replace motor 0.33 0 1 LS 940 $940 Replace motor 0.50 0 1 LS 955 $955 Replace motor 1 0 1 LS 940 $940 Replace motor 3 0 1 LS 1,080 $1,080 Overhead & profit 0 30%$1,175 Energy Costs Electric Energy 1 - 25 -1,642 kWh $0.269 ($8,678) Electric Demand 1 - 25 -3 kW $7.21 ($444) Net Present Worth ($4,030) Hydaburg Elementary School 27 Energy Audit (November 2011) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Hydaburg Elementary School EEM-16: Install Boiler Room Heat Recovery Energy Analysis Heat Recovery Boiler gph Jacket Loss MBH Hours Loss, kBtu Factor Recovery, kBtu η boiler Gallons 4 -1.5% -9 6,480 -57,857 80% -46,286 84%-398 Fan Energy MBH ΔT CFM ΔP η, fan # Fans Hours kW kWh 9 20 413 1.50 35%2 5,500 0.4 2,286 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs 400 CFM HRV 0 1 LS $5,000 $5,000 Ductwork 0 1 LS $3,500 $3,500 Electrical 0 1 LS $2,000 $2,000 Estimating contingency 0 15%$1,575 Overhead & profit 0 30%$3,623 Design fees 0 10%$1,570 Project management 0 8%$1,381 Annual Costs HRV maintenance 1 - 25 4 hrs $60.00 $4,628 Energy Costs Electric Energy 1 - 25 2,286 kWh $0.239 $10,739 Electric Demand 1 - 25 5.0 kW $7.21 $707 Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -398 gal $4.41 ($49,726) Net Present Worth ($15,000) EEM-17: Replace Broken Windows Energy Analysis Heat Loss Area R-value, ex R-value, new ΔT MBH kBtu η boiler Gallons Windows 24 1.0 3.0 30 -0.5 -4,205 68%-45 -4,205 -45 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Construction arctic entrance 0 24 sqft $75 $1,800 Estimating contingency 0 20%$360 Overhead & profit 0 30%$648 Design fees 0 10%$281 Project management 0 8%$247 Energy Costs Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -45 gal $4.41 ($5,580) Net Present Worth ($2,200) Hydaburg Elementary School 28 Energy Audit (November 2011) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Hydaburg Elementary School EEM-18: Optimize Ventilation Systems Energy Analysis (See BIN Analysis) Ventilation Savings kBtu η boiler Gallons -69,653 68% -740 Fan Savings kWh -1,833 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Install VFD 0 1 LS $15,000 $15,000 Controls 0 1 LS $20,000 $20,000 Estimating contingency 0 15%$5,250 Overhead & profit 0 30% $12,075 Design fees 0 10%$5,233 Project management 0 8%$4,605 Energy Costs Electric Energy 1 - 25 -1,833 kWh $0.239 ($8,608) Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -740 gal $4.41 ($92,438) Net Present Worth ($38,900) EEM-19: Replace Entrance Assembly Energy Analysis Heat Loss Area R-value, ex R-value, new ΔT MBH kBtu η boiler Gallons Walls 50 0.5 19 -10 -1.0 -8,529 68%-91 Doors 84 0.5 2.5 -10 -1.3 -11,773 68%-125 -20,303 -216 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Construction arctic entrance 0 2 LS $6,000 $12,000 Estimating contingency 0 15%$1,800 Overhead & profit 0 30%$4,140 Design fees 0 10%$1,794 Project management 0 8%$1,579 Energy Costs Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -216 gal $4.41 ($26,944) Net Present Worth ($5,600) Hydaburg Elementary School 29 Energy Audit (November 2011) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Hydaburg Elementary School EEM-20: Install Arctic Entries Energy Analysis Heat Loss Area R-value ΔT MBH kBtu η boiler Gallons Walls 102 19 -10 -0.1 -470 68%-5 Doors 22 5 -10 0.0 -385 68% -4 Windows 20 2 -10 -0.1 -876 68%-9 -1,732 -18 Infiltration CFM ΔT MBH kBtu η boiler Gallons -125 15 -2.0 -17,739 68% -188 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Construction arctic entrance 0 2 LS $7,000 $14,000 Estimating contingency 0 15%$2,100 Overhead & profit 0 30%$4,830 Design fees 0 10%$2,093 Project management 0 8%$1,842 Energy Costs Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -207 gal $4.41 ($25,840) Net Present Worth ($1,000) Hydaburg Elementary School 30 Energy Audit (November 2011) Appendix B Energy and Utility Data Hydaburg Elementary School 31 Energy Audit (November 2011) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Billing Data 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Hydaburg Elementary School ELECTRIC RATE Alaska Power Company Bulk Power A-2 Craig Hydaburg Thorn Bay Electricity ($ / kWh )$0.0816 Cost of Power Adjustment ($ / kWh)$0.1534 Demand ( $ / kW )$7.16 Customer Charge ( $ / mo )$84.52 Sales Tax ( % )0.0% ELECTRICAL CONSUMPTION AND DEMAND kWh kW kWh kW kWh kW kWh kW Jan 27,800 78 25,600 75 26,400 74 22,800 67 25,650 Feb 33,000 79 27,200 75 27,000 74 25,000 65 28,050 Mar 24,200 74 26,000 71 21,200 67 19,600 66 22,750 Apr 25,800 72 27,800 75 24,400 74 21,600 67 24,900 May 25,400 73 24,600 88 21,400 64 25,400 66 24,200 Jun 16,400 64 21,800 71 14,600 57 18,600 68 17,850 Jul 14,800 41 17,600 40 13,400 35 16,800 46 15,650 Aug 14,800 47 19,800 62 16,200 65 20,400 62 17,800 Sep 24,400 72 11,800 16,800 56 20,400 74 18,350 Oct 27,200 80 26,800 64 18,800 68 18,400 73 22,800 Nov 27,200 77 25,000 65 24,400 76 25,800 69 25,600 Dec 31,400 82 25,200 68 24,000 69 23,200 61 25,950 Total 292,400 279,200 248,600 258,000 269,550 Average 24,367 70 23,267 69 20,717 65 21,500 65 22,463 Load Factor 48%46%44%45%67 ELECTRIC BILLING DETAILS Month Energy Demand Cust & Tax Total Energy Demand Cust & Tax Total % Change Jan $6,204 $530 $85 $6,818 $5,358 $481 $85 $5,924 -13.1% Feb $6,345 $530 $85 $6,959 $5,875 $467 $85 $6,426 -7.7% Mar $4,982 $481 $85 $5,548 $4,606 $474 $85 $5,165 -6.9% Apr $5,734 $530 $85 $6,348 $5,076 $481 $85 $5,642 -11.1% May $5,029 $460 $85 $5,573 $5,969 $474 $85 $6,528 17.1% Jun $3,431 $405 $85 $3,921 $4,371 $488 $85 $4,944 26.1% Jul $3,149 $253 $85 $3,487 $3,948 $329 $85 $4,362 25.1% Aug $3,807 $467 $85 $4,358 $4,794 $447 $85 $5,325 22.2% Sep $3,948 $398 $85 $4,431 $4,794 $530 $85 $5,408 22.1% Oct $4,418 $488 $85 $4,991 $4,324 $519 $85 $4,928 -1.3% Nov $5,734 $543 $85 $6,361 $6,063 $495 $85 $6,643 4.4% Dec $5,640 $494 $85 $6,219 $5,452 $440 $85 $5,976 -3.9% Total $ 58,421 $ 5,579 $ 1,014 $ 65,014 $ 60,630 $ 5,626 $ 1,014 $ 67,270 3.5% Average $ 4,868 $ 465 $ 85 $ 5,418 $ 5,053 $ 469 $ 85 $ 5,606 3.5% Cost ($/kWh)$0.262 90% 8% 2% $0.261 -0.3% Month 2007 2008 2009 Average Electrical costs are based on the current electric rates. 2009 2010 2010 Hydaburg Elementary School 32 Energy Audit (November 2011) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Annual Electric Consumption 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Hydaburg Elementary School 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecElectric Use (kWh)Month of the Year Electric Use History 2007 2008 2009 2010 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecElectric Demand (kW)Month of the Year Electric Demand History 2007 2008 2009 2010 Hydaburg Elementary School 33 Energy Audit (November 2011) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Electric Cost 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Hydaburg Elementary School 2010 $ 0 $ 1,000 $ 2,000 $ 3,000 $ 4,000 $ 5,000 $ 6,000 $ 7,000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecElectric Cost (USD)Month of the Year Electric Cost Breakdown 2010 Electric Use (kWh) Costs Electric Demand (kW) Costs Customer Charge and Taxes 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Electric Demand (kW)Electric Use (kWh)Month of the Year Electric Use and Demand Comparison 2010 Electric Use Electric Demand Hydaburg Elementary School 34 Energy Audit (November 2011) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Annual Fuel Oil Consumption 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Hydaburg Elementary School Year Fuel Oil Degree Days 2,007 2,008 14,805 7,385 2,009 13,300 7,538 2,010 5,000 5,500 6,000 6,500 7,000 7,500 8,000 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000 13,000 14,000 15,000 2008 2009 Degree DaysGallons of Fuel OilYear Annual Fuel Oil Use Fuel Oil Degree Days Hydaburg Elementary School 35 Energy Audit (November 2011) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Annual Electric Consumption and Cost 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Hydaburg Elementary School Energy Cost $/MMBTU Area ECI EUI Fuel Oil $4.16 $42.91 21,465 $6.01 132 Electricity $0.261 $80.44 Source Cost Electricity 270,000 kWh $70,400 920 33% Fuel Oil 14,100 Gallons $58,700 1,910 67% Totals -$129,100 2,830 100% Annual Energy Consumption and Cost Consumption Energy, MMBtu Hydaburg Elementary School 36 Energy Audit (November 2011) Appendix C Equipment Data Hydaburg Elementary School 37 Energy Audit (November 2011) MotorUnit ID Location Function Make Model Capacity HP / Volts / RPM / Effic NotesVU-1 Fan RoomClassroomsHaakan AIRPAK 5650 CFM 5 HP/ 208 V/ 1745 RPM/ 87.5%VU-2 Mechanical Mezzanine Library/Media/Office Pace A-14F1 1/2 HP/ 208V/ 1745 RPM/ 84%VU-3 Kitchen A-124 Entry A20Pace A-2F1/2 HP/ 208 V/ 1725 RPM/ 74%VU-4 Kitchen A-124 Cafeteria 123Pace1 HP/ 208 V/ 1725 RPM/ 78.5 %VU-5 Fan RoomMulti-Purpose Room Haakan AIRPAK 3500 CFM 3 HP/ 208 V/ 1760 RPM/ 82.5%EF-1 Boiler Room 1965 ToiletsLorne Cook 120CPS 490 CFM 1/2 HP/ 115 V/ 1725 RPM/ 74% runningEF-2 Mechanical Mezzanine Library Toilets1/4 HP/ 115 V/ 1725 RPMEF-3 RoofDishwasher Hood550 CFM 1/3 HP/ 115 Vnot usedEF-4 Boiler Room Multi-Purpose Room/ Storage Lorne Cook 125CTS 960 CFM 1/2 HP/ 115 V/ 1725 RPM/ 74% runningEF-5Communications Room275 CFM 115 VrunningEF-6Classroom Toilet Rooms PACE U9FCST0 750 CFM 1/5 HP/ 115 VHEF RoofKitchen Hood1600 CFM 3/4 HP/ 208/ 1725 RPMRF-1 Boiler Room Classroom3370 CFM 1 1/2 HP/ 208/ 1760 RPM 86.5 VRF-2 Mechanical Mezzanine LibraryPACE A-11F3/4 HP/ 208/ 1725 RPMP-1 Mechanical A11B Boiler CirculationTACO 1911 CIE1 45 GPM 1/2 HP/ 208 V/ 1725 RPM/ 74%P-2 Mechanical A11B Boiler CirculationTACO 1911 CIE1 45 GPM 1/3 HP/ 208 V/ 1725 RPM/ 68%P-3A Mechanical A11B Building Circulation TACO FI120785CAHIL08 66 GPM 2 HP/ 208 V/ 1775 RPM/ 86.5% Lead/LegP-3B Mechanical A11B Building Circulation TACO FI120785CAHIL08 66 GPM 2 HP/ 208 V/ 1775 RPM/ 86.5% Lead/LegP-4 Mechanical A11B Domestic Hot Water Loop TACO 007-BF5 12 GPM 1/25 hp/ 120 VHWRP-A Mechanical A11B Hot Water Return Pump TACO 0011-BF4 4 GPM 1/8hp/ 120 VMechanical A118 BoilerWeil-Mclain BL878W 1084 MBHMechanical A118 BoilerWeil-Mclain BL878W 1084 MBHMechanical A118 Domestic Hot Water Heater AMTROL WH-10CDW 80 gallonHydaburg Elementary School - Major Equipment Inventoryindirect hot water heaterused all day, manually controlledHydaburg Elementary School 38 Energy Audit (November 2011) Appendix D Abbreviations AHU Air handling unit BTU British thermal unit BTUH BTU per hour CBJ City and Borough of Juneau CMU Concrete masonry unit CO2 Carbon dioxide CUH Cabinet unit heater DDC Direct digital controls DHW Domestic hot water EAD Exhaust air damper EEM Energy efficiency measure EF Exhaust fan Gyp Bd Gypsum board HVAC Heating, Ventilating, Air- conditioning HW Hot water HWRP Hot water recirculating pump KVA Kilovolt-amps kW Kilowatt kWh Kilowatt-hour LED Light emitting diode MBH 1,000 Btu per hour MMBH 1,000,000 Btu per hour OAD Outside air damper PSI Per square inch PSIG Per square inch gage RAD Return air damper RF Return fan SIR Savings to investment ratio SF Supply fan UV Unit ventilator VAV Variable air volume VFD Variable frequency drive Hydaburg Elementary School 39 Energy Audit (November 2011)