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HomeMy WebLinkAboutSEA-AEE-JNU Centennial Hall 2012-EE Centennial Hall City and Borough of Juneau Funded by: Final Report February 2012 Prepared by: Energy Audit Table of Contents Section 1: Executive Summary 2  Section 2: Introduction 6  Section 3: Energy Efficiency Measures 8  Section 4: Description of Systems 14  Section 5: Methodology 17  Appendix A: Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 20  Appendix B: Energy and Utility Data 26  Appendix C: Equipment Data 32  Appendix D: Abbreviations 36  Audit Team The energy audit is performed by Alaska Energy Engineering LLC of Juneau, Alaska. The audit team consists of:  Jim Rehfeldt, P.E., Energy Engineer  Jack Christiansen, Energy Consultant  Brad Campbell, Energy Auditor  Loras O’Toole P.E., Mechanical Engineer  Will Van Dyken P.E., Electrical Engineer  Curt Smit, P.E., Mechanical Engineer  Philip Iverson, Construction Estimator  Karla Hart, Technical Publications Specialist  Jill Carlile, Data Analyst  Grayson Carlile, Energy Modeler Centennial Hall 1 Energy Audit (February 2012) Section 1 Executive Summary An energy audit of Centennial Hall was performed by Alaska Energy Engineering LLC. The investment grade audit was funded by Alaska Housing Finance Corporation (AHFC) to identify opportunities to improve the energy performance of public buildings throughout Alaska. Centennial Hall is a 30,800 square foot building that contains commons, offices, meeting rooms, an assembly hall, a commercial kitchen, storage, and mechanical support spaces. Building Assessment The following summarizes our assessment of the building. Envelope The building envelope of Centennial Hall appears to be providing good service and is well maintained. The siding is well preserved and the finish work shows good attention to details. However, the building however is not completely without envelope issues. These include the following:  The most significant energy efficiency issue at Centennial Hall is the roof assembly which utilizes an Inverted Roof Membrane Assembly (IRMA). This assembly typically has a bottom waterproof layer such as EPDM, then a layer of foam insulation, a fabric cloth, and final protective covering of gravel or concrete pavers. The insulation consists of two 3” layers which would normally produce an insulation value of R-30. It has been determined that the IRMA is a flawed system that is particularly ineffective and inefficient in Southeast Alaska. This is because the IRMA allows water to flow between the layers of insulation to the waterproof membrane below before it flows to the roof drains. This presents a two-fold problem. First, the foam eventually becomes waterlogged and loses some of its insulating properties. Secondly, any outdoor temperature water moving through the foam layers against the warm roof surface below will remove heat as it travels to the roof drain. In a climate such as Juneau’s, imagine the number of days/year that the roof and underside of the ceiling is being cooled to the temperature of the rain water. That number is simply the number of rainy days/year. The end result is that the overall roof insulation package value is decreased by approximately 50%. That means Centennial hall has a 30,800 sq ft roof performing at R-15 when R-46 is an optimal level for this climate. Based on a life cycle cost analysis, replacement with a tapered roof system buildup to optimum insulation levels is not recommended. See Section 3, Energy Efficiency Measure-12.  Several steel door frames and the south facing office window steel trim have rust damage.  Exterior doors are not thermally broken. Future exterior door replacement selection should include this feature. Weather stripping is in poor condition on many of the doors and should be replaced.  The east overhead door in the loading dock has been damaged at the top, resulting in a 6” air gap. The door should be replaced with a high efficiency insulated unit. Centennial Hall 2 Energy Audit (February 2012) Heating, Ventilating, and Air-conditioning Systems The building is heated by four air-source heat pump units, one heating and ventilator unit, nine fan terminal units, and five unit heaters. These are all-electric systems that use air to heat and cool the building. Some of the energy efficiency issues/opportunities with the heating and ventilation systems identified by the audit team include:  The original motor sizing for R/E-1 was 10 hp. It now has a 5 HP motor installed. Has the exhaust rate for this fan been reduced below original design levels? Or, was a different replacement motor used?  Heat Pump HP-2 was not supplying sufficient heat to the lobby. While checking the controls, the heat pump was supplying heat, the electric coils were off, yet the lobby was not up to setpoint. The electric coil was manually enabled and the room temperature increased to setpoint. The system then appeared to control properly.  A significant amount of heat is generated by the 300 kVA transformer and the lighting control units operating in the 2nd floor electrical room. This heat is removed with an exhaust fan to the outside of the building. This heat could be utilized within the building envelope if a heat recovery method is utilized.  All heat pump evaporator coils are in need of cleaning. The air-source heat pump systems have redundant electric heating coils to supply heat if the heat pump fails or enters a defrost cycle. While they are capable of operating during cold weather—at greater efficiency than electric resistance heat—they are currently controlled to shut down the heat pump when outside temperature is below 40°F. This decision to disable the heat pumps during the heating season increases energy costs by $25,000 to $30,000 per year. The operating procedure for disabling the heat pumps during the heating season should be reviewed. The remainder of the heating system appears to be in good condition; however fairly simple improvements can be made to improve its effectiveness and efficiency. These are outlined in Section 3, Energy Efficiency Measures. Lighting Interior lighting consists primarily of T12 fluorescent fixtures and metal halide lighting in the lobby, offices, meeting rooms, and support areas. The assembly hall primarily utilizes 500-watt dimmable quartz lighting that can be augmented by 400-watt metal halide pendant lighting. Exterior lighting consists primarily of metal halide and high pressure sodium lighting. Because lighting operational hours are tightly controlled by staff, operational costs for lighting with existing infrastructure are kept to a minimum. Much of the energy that is saved by newer, more efficient lighting fixtures is in the form of heat. Because the additional heat produced by the T12 fluorescent fixtures is beneficial within the building envelope, the current maintenance plan of replacing the T12 fixtures with more efficient T8 fixtures only as the ballasts fail is a responsible approach to phasing in the newer and more efficient T8 fixtures. Maintenance staff is also replacing the interior metal halide and incandescent spot lighting with more efficient compact fluorescent lamps in the same manner. Centennial Hall 3 Energy Audit (February 2012) Summary The overall energy performance of Centennial Hall at 45 kBtu/sqft is well below the 66 kBtu/sqft average of all the public Juneau buildings that Alaska Energy Engineering LLC has audited. The lower-than-average energy consumption is attributed to the use of heat pumps in the building. If the heat pumps are operated during the heating season, the building performance will likely be 30 kBtu/sqft. It is the assessment of the energy audit team that the majority of the building’s energy efficiency opportunities could be achieved with optimization of ventilation systems and individual space heat recovery followed by a retro-commissioning of the ventilation equipment. Centennial Hall 4 Energy Audit (February 2012) Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs) All buildings have opportunities to improve their energy efficiency. The energy audit revealed several opportunities in which an efficiency investment will result in a net reduction in long-term operating costs. Behavioral and Operational EEMs The following EEMs require behavioral and operational changes in the building use. The savings are not readily quantifiable but these EEMs are highly recommended as low-cost opportunities that are a standard of high performance buildings. EEM-1: Weather-strip Doors EEM-2: Institute Demand Control High and Medium Priority EEMs The following EEMs are recommended for investment. They are ranked by life cycle savings to investment ratio (SIR). This ranking method places a priority on low cost EEMs which can be immediately funded, generating energy savings to fund higher cost EEMs in the following years. Negative values, in parenthesis, represent savings. 25-Year Life Cycle Cost Analysis Investment Operating Energy Total SIR High Priority EEM-3: Reduce Entrance Temperature $100 $0 ($7,700) ($7,600)77.0 EEM-4: Replace Lavatory Aerators $400 $0 ($7,400) ($7,000)18.5 EEM-5: Optimize Ventilation Systems $97,000 $51,100 ($623,600) ($475,500)5.9 EEM-6: Turn Off Hot Water Heater $3,600 $4,100 ($23,600) ($15,900)5.4 EEM-7: Electrical Room Heat Recovery $8,900 $0 ($38,500) ($29,600)4.3 EEM-8: Remove Vending Machine Lamps $100 $0 ($400) ($300)4.0 Medium Priority EEM-9: Replace Uninsulated Overhead Doors $12,800 $0 ($30,700) ($17,900)2.4 EEM-10: Upgrade Transformers $47,300 $0 ($50,000) ($2,700)1.1 Totals* $170,200 $55,200 ($781,900) ($556,500)4.3 *The analysis is based on each EEM being independent of the others. While it is likely that some EEMs are interrelated, an isolated analysis is used to demonstrate the economics because the audit team is not able to predict which EEMs an Owner may choose to implement. If several EEMs are implemented, the resulting energy savings is likely to differ from the sum of each EEM projection. Summary The energy audit revealed numerous opportunities for improving the energy performance of the building. It is recommended that the behavioral and high priority EEMs be implemented now to generate energy savings from which to fund the medium priority EEMs. Another avenue to consider is to borrow money from AHFCs revolving loan fund for public buildings. AHFC will loan money for energy improvements under terms that allow for paying back the money from the energy savings. More information on this option can be found online at http://www.ahfc.us/loans/akeerlf_loan.cfm. Centennial Hall 5 Energy Audit (February 2012) Section 2 Introduction This report presents the findings of an energy audit Centennial Hall located in Juneau, Alaska. The purpose of this investment grade energy audit is to evaluate the infrastructure and its subsequent energy performance to identify applicable energy efficiencies measures (EEMs). The energy audit report contains the following sections:  Introduction: Building use and energy consumption.  Energy Efficiency Measures: Priority ranking of the EEMs with a description, energy analysis, and life cycle cost analysis.  Description of Systems: Background description of the building energy systems.  Methodology: Basis for how construction and maintenance cost estimates are derived and the economic and energy factors used for the analysis. BUILDING USE Centennial Hall is a 30,800 square foot building that contains commons, offices, meeting rooms, an assembly hall, a commercial kitchen, storage, and mechanical support spaces. The building is occupied in the following manner:  Hall & Meeting Rooms 6:00 am – 2:00 am (Variable weekly and daily schedules)  Kitchen Up to 5 days/week to meet food service needs Building History  1983 – Original Construction  1996 – Building Automated Control Upgrades  2009 – Siding Repair/Replacement Centennial Hall 6 Energy Audit (February 2012) Energy Consumption The building energy source is electricity for all loads. The following table shows annual energy use and cost. Annual Energy Consumption and Cost Source Consumption Cost Energy, MMBtu Electricity 407,378 kWh $44,500 1,400 100% Electricity This chart shows electrical energy use from 2007 to 2010, during which time the electrical consumption has been steady. The effective cost—energy costs plus demand charges—is 11.3¢ per kWh. Cost of Heat Comparison This chart shows a comparison of the current cost of fuel oil heat, electric resistance heat, and heat pump heat. The comparison is based on a fuel oil conversion efficiency of 70%, an electric boiler conversion efficiency of 95%, and a heat pump conversion efficiency of 300%. Heat pump heat is considerably less expensive than fuel oil heat. Centennial Hall 7 Energy Audit (February 2012) Section 3 Energy Efficiency Measures The following energy efficiency measures (EEMs) were identified during the energy audit. The EEMs are priority ranked and, where applicable, subjected to energy and life cycle cost analysis. Appendix A contains the energy and life cycle cost analysis spreadsheets. The EEMs are grouped into the following prioritized categories:  Behavioral or Operational: EEMs that require minimal capital investment but require operational or behavioral changes. The EEMs provide a life cycle savings but an analysis is not performed because the guaranteed energy savings is difficult quantify.  High Priority: EEMs that require a small capital investment and offer a life cycle savings. Also included in this category are higher cost EEMs that offer significant life cycle savings.  Medium Priority: EEMs that require a significant capital investment to provide a life cycle savings. Many medium priority EEMs provide a high life cycle savings and offer substantial incentive to increase investment in building energy efficiency.  Low Priority: EEMs that will save energy but do not provide a life cycle savings. BEHAVIORAL OR OPERATIONAL The following EEMs are recommended for implementation. They require behavioral or operational changes that can occur with minimal investment to achieve immediate savings. These EEMs are not easily quantified by analysis because they cannot be accurately predicted. They are recommended because they offer a life cycle savings, represent good practice, and are accepted features of high performance buildings. EEM-1: Weather-strip Doors Purpose: Many of the exterior doors do not seal well and are missing weather stripping in places, and one of the north main entry doors will not close completely. Energy will be saved if all doors are properly weather-stripped to reduce infiltration and adjusted to ensure they are firmly closed. Scope: Replace weather stripping on exterior doors and adjust as necessary to ensure complete closure. EEM-2: Institute Demand Control Purpose: The DDC system has a demand control feature that allows for prioritizing electric loads. This feature has been disabled. Energy costs will be reduced if the demand control feature is placed back in service and careful consideration is given to setting the load priority of the system. Scope: Institute a demand control strategy for the electric heating loads that sheds loads during periods of high demand and cycles them so they do not all peak at once. Centennial Hall 8 Energy Audit (February 2012) HIGH PRIORITY The following EEMs are recommended for implementation because they are low cost measures that have a high savings to investment ratio. The EEMs are listed from highest to lowest priority. Negative values, in parenthesis, represent savings. EEM-3: Reduce Entrance Temperature Purpose: The two arctic entryways to the building use cabinet fan heaters to maintain space temperature. The setpoint was set at-or-above 65°F. Energy will be saved if the entrance temperature setpoint is lowered to 55°F in both arctic entryways. Scope: Install programmable thermostats and lower the entryway thermostat setpoints to 55°F in both arctic entryways. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($390) ($390) $100 $0 ($7,700) ($7,600) 77.0 EEM-4: Replace Lavatory Aerators Purpose: Energy and water will be saved by replacing the lavatory aerators with low-flow models. Scope: Replace lavatory aerators with water-conserving fixtures. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($370) ($370) $400 $0 ($7,400) ($7,000) 18.5 Centennial Hall 9 Energy Audit (February 2012) EEM-5: Optimize Ventilation Systems Purpose: The building utilizes electric heat pump heating and ventilation system units to provide conditioned air to interior space. A review of the control sequences and equipment operation revealed that there are deficiencies with the existing systems and opportunities to improve their energy performance. Scope: Perform the following to ensure efficient operations of the systems: - The heat pumps have lockout controls that turn off the heat pump during cold weather. The manufacturer’s data indicates that the units are capable of operating at colder temperatures. Enable the heat pumps to operate during cold weather to improve heating efficiency. - Operate HP-1 in Unoccupied Mode: The former Forest Service space is currently unoccupied, yet HP-1 is scheduled to operate in occupied mode. Placing the unit in unoccupied mode will reduce ventilation and fan energy. - Recalibrate Fan Terminal Units: Several of the FTUs are not controlling properly. The main issue is lack of sequential control of heating and cooling modes with minimum outside air controlled from CO2 sensors. - Clean Heat Pump Evaporator Coils. - Optimize Heat Pump HP-1 (Former Forest Service Space). - Optimize HP-1, HP-2, HP-3, and HVAC-1. Modify the controls as follows: a. Change controls to sequential control of dampers and heat to maintain room temperature or supply air temperature. b. Provide CO2 sensor override of dampers to maintain 800 ppm. c. Modulate the exhaust air damper or relief fan (as applicable) to maintain a neutral building pressure. d. Reduce heating setpoints to 70°F during occupied periods and 62°F during unoccupied periods. e. Evaluate lockout temperature setpoints and set to maximize heat pump operating hours through the heating season, while protecting the equipment. f. Increase HP-2 minimum outside air setting to provide sufficient make-up air for the EF-1 toilet exhaust of 3,055 cfm. g. Replace the HVAC-1 outlet damper with a VFD. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $3,000 ($31,720) ($28,720) $97,000 $51,100 ($623,600) ($475,500) 5.9 Centennial Hall 10 Energy Audit (February 2012) EEM-6: Turn Off Hot Water Heater Purpose: Centennial Hall has a 300-gallon and a 120-gallon electric hot water heater. The capacity of both water heaters exceeds the demands of the building. Energy will be saved if the 120-gallon electric hot water heater is turned off and a thermostatic mixing valve installed to supply 120°F water to the building fixtures. Scope: Connect the building fixtures to the 300-gallon hot water heater, install a tempering valve to reduce the supply temperature to 120°F and turn off the 120-gallon electric hot water heater. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $240 ($1,200) ($960) $3,600 $4,100 ($23,600) ($15,900) 5.4 EEM-7: Electrical Room Heat Recovery Purpose: A significant amount of heat is generated by the 300 kVA transformer and the lighting controls operating in the 2nd floor electrical room. This heat is removed with an exhaust fan to the outside of the building. Energy will be saved if an exhaust fan and ductwork is installed to distribute the heat to the assembly hall. Scope: Install a fan supply ductwork, and return ductwork to distribute the heat to the assembly hall. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($1,960) ($1,960) $8,900 $0 ($38,500) ($29,600) 4.3 EEM-8: Remove Vending Machine Lamps Purpose: Lamps for soft drink coolers run continuously and are not necessary. Energy will be saved if these lamps are removed. Scope: Remove lamps from soft drink coolers. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($20) ($20) $100 $0 ($400) ($300) 4.0 Centennial Hall 11 Energy Audit (February 2012) MEDIUM PRIORITY Medium priority EEMs will require planning and a higher level of investment. They are recommended because they offer a life cycle savings. The EEMs are listed from highest to lowest priority. Negative values, in parenthesis, represent savings. EEM-9: Replace Uninsulated Overhead Doors Purpose: Two overhead doors at the north end of the building are uninsulated and have very poor weather stripping. One of the doors is badly damaged at the top, resulting in a 6” air gap between the door and the weather stripping in the center of the door. Energy will be saved by replacing these overhead doors with high efficiency insulated units. Scope: Replace overhead doors with high efficiency insulated units and replace weather stripping. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($1,560) ($1,560) $12,800 $0 ($30,700) ($17,900) 2.4 EEM-10: Upgrade Transformers Purpose: Existing transformers are not TP-1 rated. Energy will be saved if these less-efficient transformers are replaced with energy efficient models that comply with NEMA Standard TP 1-2001. Scope: Replace the following less-efficient transformers with NEMA Standard TP 1-2001 compliant models: 300 kVA transformer in the electrical room. 45 kVA transformer in the storage room. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($2,540) ($2,540) $47,300 $0 ($50,000) ($2,700) 1.1 Centennial Hall 12 Energy Audit (February 2012) LOW PRIORITY Low priority EEMs do not offer a life cycle energy savings and are not recommended. EEM-11: Replace Single Pane Door Glazing Purpose: The exterior doors have single pane glazing. Energy will be saved if the glazing is replaced with high efficiency double pane glazing. Scope: Replace single pane glazing with energy efficient double pane glazing units. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($470) ($470) $24,800 $0 ($9,200) $15,600 0.4 EEM-12: Replace Roof Insulation Purpose: The roof is an IRMA roof system with an assembly insulation value of only R-15. Energy will be saved if the roof is replaced with a conventional roofing system. Scope: Replace IRMA roof system with R-46 tapered roof system. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($6,850) ($6,850) $1,398,600 $0 ($134,600) $1,264,000 0.1 EEM-13: Replace Ballroom Lighting Purpose: There are 111 dimmable 500-watt quartz lights in the ballroom. Energy will be saved if they are replaced with dimmable LED fixtures that produce the same amount of light. Scope: Replace the dimmable ballroom lighting with LED lighting. This EEM is not recommended because of the high cost of replacing both the light fixtures and lighting control panel. Centennial Hall 13 Energy Audit (February 2012) Section 4 Description of Systems ENERGY SYSTEMS This section provides a general description of the building systems. Energy conservation opportunities are addressed in Section 3, Energy Efficiency Measures. Building Envelope R-value Component Description (inside to outside) Existing Optimal Exterior Wall 5/8” Gyp. bd, 2”x6” metal stud, R-19 batt, 5/8” plywood, siding R-12 R-26 Roof 2” concrete, EPDM, 6” foam insulation, filter fabric, wash rock R-15 R-46 Floor 4” slab on grade R-10 R-10 Foundation 8” concrete w/ 2” perimeter insulation board R-10 R-20 Windows Double pane aluminum frame R-1.5 R-5 Doors Steel doors w/ non-thermally broken frames R-1.5 R-5 Heating System The building is heated by four heat pump units, one heating ventilator unit, nine fan terminal units, and five unit heaters. These are all-electric systems that use ventilation air to heat and cool the building. Domestic Hot Water System The direct hot water heater system consists of one 300-gallon AO Smith electric hot water heater that serves the kitchen and one 120-gallon AO Smith electric hot water heater that serves the remaining fixtures. Automatic Control System A DDC system was installed in 1996 to provide control functions for the operation of the heating and ventilation systems. The system was provided with a load shedding capability so that loads can be prioritized and sequenced on and off to reduce the peak electrical demand. Energy can be saved through further optimization of fan system scheduling combined with a retro-commissioning of the air handler systems. Centennial Hall 14 Energy Audit (February 2012) Ventilation Systems Area Fan System Description Vacant Space HP-1 2,930 cfm 1 hp heat pump unit consisting of an outside air damper, heating and cooling coil, mixing box, filter section, and supply fan Lobby HP-2 9,400 cfm 10 hp heat pump unit consisting of an outside air damper, heating and cooling coil, mixing box, filter section, and supply fan Assembly Hall HP-3 20,000 cfm 15 hp heat pump unit consisting of an outside air damper, heating and cooling coil, mixing box, filter section, and supply fan Meeting Rooms HVAC- 1 6,400 cfm 7 ½ hp heat pump unit consisting of an outside air damper, heating and cooling coils, mixing box, filter section, and supply fan Back of House HV-1 5,170 cfm 5 hp constant volume air handling unit consisting of an outside air damper, heating element, filter section, and supply fan Assembly Hall R/E-1 18,000 cfm 5 hp constant volume fan supplying return air Kitchen SF-1 1.5 hp constant volume make-up air supply fan Lobby/Restrooms EF-1 3,055 cfm ½ hp constant volume exhaust fan Electrical Room EF-2 2,340 cfm constant volume exhaust fan Dishwasher Hood EF-3 500 cfm 1/6th hp constant volume exhaust fan Kitchen Hood EF-4 3 hp constant volume exhaust fan Meeting Room #2 FTU-1 300 cfm cooling, 200 cfm heating 120 watt fan terminal unit Meeting Room #3 FTU-2 600 cfm cooling, 450 cfm heating 225 watt fan terminal unit Meeting Room #1 FTU-3 1200 cfm cooling, 800 cfm heating 1/3 hp fan terminal unit Meeting Room #4 FTU-4 1200 cfm cooling, 800 cfm heating 1/3 hp fan terminal unit Foyer FTU-5 1200 cfm cooling, 800 cfm heating 1/3 hp fan terminal unit Foyer FTU-6 1200 cfm cooling, 800 cfm heating 1/3 hp fan terminal unit Foyer FTU-7 1200 cfm cooling, 800 cfm heating 1/3 hp fan terminal unit Foyer FTU-8 1200 cfm cooling, 800 cfm heating 1/3 hp fan terminal unit Foyer FTU-9 2900 cfm cooling, 2000 cfm heating 1/3 hp fan terminal unit Centennial Hall 15 Energy Audit (February 2012) Lighting Interior lighting consists primarily of T12 fluorescent fixtures and metal halide lighting in the commons, offices, meeting rooms, and support areas. The assembly hall primarily utilizes 500-watt dimmable quartz lighting that can be augmented by 400-watt metal halide pendant lighting. Exterior lighting consists primarily of metal halide and high pressure sodium lighting. Because lighting operational hours are controlled by staff, operational costs for lighting with existing infrastructure are kept to a minimum. Much of the energy that is saved by newer, more efficient lighting fixtures is in the form of heat. Because the additional heat produced by the T12 fluorescent fixtures is beneficial within the building envelope in the climate of Juneau, the current maintenance plan of replacing the T12 fixtures with more efficient T8 fixtures only as the ballasts fail is a responsible approach to phasing in the newer and more efficient T8 fixtures. Maintenance staff is also replacing the interior metal halide and incandescent spot lighting with more efficient compact fluorescent bulbs in the same manner. Electric Equipment Commercial equipment for food preparation is located in the kitchen preparation area. Centennial Hall 16 Energy Audit (February 2012) Section 5 Methodology Information for the energy audit was gathered through on-site observations, review of construction documents, and interviews with operation and maintenance personnel. The EEMs are evaluated using energy and life cycle cost analyses and are priority ranked for implementation. Energy Efficiency Measures Energy efficiency measures are identified by evaluating the building’s energy systems and comparing them to systems in modern, high performance buildings. The process for identifying the EEMs acknowledges the realities of an existing building that was constructed when energy costs were much lower. Many of the opportunities used in modern high performance buildings—highly insulated envelopes, variable capacity mechanical systems, heat pumps, daylighting, lighting controls, etc.— simply cannot be economically incorporated into an existing building. The EEMs represent practical measures to improve the energy efficiency of the buildings, taking into account the realities of limited budgets. If a future major renovation project occurs, additional EEMs common to high performance buildings should be incorporated. Life Cycle Cost Analysis The EEMs are evaluated using life cycle cost analysis which determines if an energy efficiency investment will provide a savings over a 25-year life. The analysis incorporates construction, replacement, maintenance, repair, and energy costs to determine the total cost over the life of the EEM. Future maintenance and energy cash flows are discounted to present worth using escalation factors for general inflation, energy inflation, and the value of money. The methodology is based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Handbook 135 – Life Cycle Cost Analysis. Life cycle cost analysis is preferred to simple payback for facilities that have long—often perpetual— service lives. Simple payback, which compares construction cost and present energy cost, is reasonable for short time periods of 2-4 years, but yields below optimal results over longer periods because it does not properly account for the time value of money or inflationary effects on operating budgets. Accounting for energy inflation and the time value of money properly sums the true cost of facility ownership and seeks to minimize the life cycle cost. Construction Costs The cost estimates are derived based on a preliminary understanding of the scope of each EEM as gathered during the walk-through audit. The construction costs for in-house labor are $60 per hour for work typically performed by maintenance staff and $110 per hour for contract labor. The cost estimate assumes the work will be performed as part of a larger renovation or energy efficiency upgrade project. When implementing EEMs, the cost estimate should be revisited once the scope and preferred method of performing the work has been determined. It is possible some EEMs will not provide a life cycle savings when the scope is finalized. Centennial Hall 17 Energy Audit (February 2012) Maintenance Costs Maintenance costs are based on in-house or contract labor using historical maintenance efforts and industry standards. Maintenance costs over the 25-year life of each EEM are included in the life cycle cost calculation spreadsheets and represent the level of effort to maintain the systems. Energy Analysis The energy performance of an EEM is evaluated within the operating parameters of the building. A comprehensive energy audit would rely on a computer model of the building to integrate building energy systems and evaluate the energy savings of each EEM. This investment grade audit does not utilize a computer model, so energy savings are calculated with factors that account for the dynamic operation of the building. Energy savings and costs are estimated for the 25-year life of the EEM using appropriate factors for energy inflation. Prioritization Each EEM is prioritized based on the life cycle savings to investment ratio (SIR) using the following formula: Prioritization Factor = Life Cycle Savings / Capital Costs This approach factor puts significant weight on the capital cost of an EEM, making lower cost EEMs more favorable. Economic Factors The following economic factors are significant to the findings. Nominal Interest Rate: This is the nominal rate of return on an investment without regard to inflation. The analysis uses a rate of 5%. Inflation Rate: This is the average inflationary change in prices over time. The analysis uses an inflation rate of 2%. Economic Period: The analysis is based on a 25-year economic period with construction beginning in 2010. Fuel Oil Fuel oil currently costs $3.52 per gallon for a seasonally adjusted blend of #1 and #2 fuel oil. The analysis is based on 6% fuel oil inflation which has been the average for the past 20-years. Centennial Hall 18 Energy Audit (February 2012) Electricity Electricity is supplied by Alaska Electric Light & Power Company (AEL&P). The building is billed for electricity under AEL&P’s Rate 24. This rate charges for both electrical consumption (kWh) and peak electric demand (kW). Electrical consumption is the amount of energy consumed and electric demand is the rate of consumption. AEL&P determines the electric demand by averaging demand over a continuously sliding fifteen minute window. The highest fifteen minute average during the billing period determines the peak demand. The following table lists the electric charges, which includes a 24% rate hike that was recently approved: AEL&P Large Government Rate with Demand Charge 1 On-peak (Nov-May) Off-peak (June-Oct) Energy Charge per kWh 6.11¢ 5.92¢ Demand Charge per kW $14.30 $9.11 Service Charge per month $99.24 $99.24 Over recent history, electricity inflation has been less than 1% per year, which has lagged general inflation. An exception is the recent 24% rate hike that was primarily due to construction of additional hydroelectric generation at Lake Dorothy. This project affords the community a surplus of power which should bring electric inflation back to the historic rate of 1% per year. Load growth from electric heat conversions is likely to increase generating and distribution costs, especially if diesel supplementation is needed. Combining these two factors contribute to an assumed electricity inflation rate of 3%. Summary The following table summarizes the energy and economic factors used in the analysis. Summary of Economic and Energy Factors Factor Rate or Cost Factor Rate or Cost Nominal Discount Rate 5% Electricity $0.094/kWh General Inflation Rate 2% Electricity Inflation 3% Centennial Hall 19 Energy Audit (February 2012) Appendix A Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis Centennial Hall 20 Energy Audit (February 2012) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Centennial Hall Basis Economic Study Period (years) 25 Nominal Discount Rate 5%General Inflation 2% Energy 2011 $/gal Fuel Inflation 2012 $/gal Fuel Oil $3.80 6% $4.03 Electricity $/kWh (2011)$/kW (2011)Inflation $/kWh (2012)$/kW (2012) w/ Demand Charges $0.061 $12.14 3% $0.063 $12.50 w/o Demand Charges $0.109 -3% $0.112 - EEM-3: Reduce Entrance Temperature Energy Analysis Component Area R-value ΔT Hours MBH kBtu COP kWh Wall 640 12.0 -10 8,760 -0.5 -4,672 100% -1,369 Roof 160 15.0 -10 8,760 -0.1 -934 100%-274 Windows 100 1.5 -10 8,760 -0.7 -5,840 100% -1,712 Door 168 1.5 -10 8,760 -1.1 -9,811 100% -2,875 -2.4 -21,258 -6,230 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Turn down thermostat 0 2 LS $50 $100 Energy Costs Electric Energy 1 - 25 -6,230 kWh $0.063 ($7,695) Net Present Worth ($7,600) EEM-4: Replace Lavatory Aerators Energy Analysis Fixture Existing Proposed Uses/day Days Water,Gals % HW kBTU kWh Lavatories 0.3 0.2 200 365 -13,140 80% -7,014 -2,056 -13,140 -2,056 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Replace lavatory aerators 0 12 ea $35 $420 Energy Costs Water 1 - 25 -13 kgals $10.960 ($2,831) Electric Energy (Effective Cost)1 - 25 -2,056 kWh $0.112 ($4,537) Net Present Worth ($6,900) Gallons per Use Centennial Hall 21 Energy Audit (February 2012) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Centennial Hall EEM-5: Optimize Ventilation Systems Energy Analysis Fan Case CFM ΔP η, fan BHP η, motor kW Hours kWh HP-1 Existing -2,930 1.25 55%-1 89%-1 3,650 -3,205 HVAC-1 Existing -6,400 3.20 55%-6 91%-5 3,650 -17,530 Optimized 5,000 2.50 55%4 91%3 3,650 10,699 -3 -10,036 Ventilation SA CFM MAT T,room MBH Hours kBtu COP kWh HP-1 Existing -2,930 65 70 -16 3,650 -57,750 225% -7,523 HVAC-1 Existing -6,400 62 70 -55 3,650 -201,830 225% -26,290 Optimized 6,400 65 70 35 3,650 126,144 68%1,339 HP-2 Existing -9,400 62 70 -81 3,650 -296,438 68%-3,148 Optimized 9,400 60 70 102 3,650 370,548 68%3,934 -59,327 -31,686 Heat Pump HP-3 Building Heating Load, kBtu 2,989,653 HP-3 Percentage 35% HP-3 Load, kBtu 1,046,379 Below 40F 80% HP-3 Lockout, kBtu 837,103 COP 220% kWh Savings -456,602 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Install VFD 0 1 ea $7,500 $7,500 Control Modifications 0 $0 Reschedule HP-1 0 1 LS $100 $100 Recalibrate FTUs 0 9 ea $1,500 $13,500 Install occupancy sensors 0 9 ea $1,500 $13,500 HP-1, HP-2, HP-3, HVAC-1 0 4 ea $5,000 $20,000 Estimating contingency 0 15%$8,190 Overhead & profit 0 30% $18,837 Design fees 0 10%$8,163 Project management 0 8%$7,183 Annual Costs Increase HP-3 maintenance 1 - 25 1 LS $3,000.00 $51,081 Energy Costs Electric Energy 1 - 25 -498,324 kWh $0.063 ($615,474) Electric Demand 1 - 25 -33 kW $12.50 ($8,110) Net Present Worth ($475,500) Centennial Hall 22 Energy Audit (February 2012) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Centennial Hall EEM-6: Turn Off Hot Water Heater Energy Analysis kW Months kW savings -12.0 8 -96 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Install hot water tempering valve 0 1 ea $3,500 $3,500 Turn off hot water heater 0 2 ea $60 $120 Annual Costs Temperating valve maintenance 1 - 25 4 ea $60.00 $4,086 Energy Costs Electric Demand 1 - 25 -96 kW $12.50 ($23,597) Net Present Worth ($15,900) EEM-7: Electrical Room Heat Recovery Energy Analysis Electricity MBH kBtu COP kWh -20 -179,335 150% -35,040 Fan Energy MBH ΔT CFM ΔP η, fan # Fans Hours kW kWh 20 10 1,896 1.00 35%1 8,760 0.6 5,566 -2,340 0.25 35%1 8,760 -0.2 -1,718 3,848 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Inline fan 0 1 LS $2,000 $2,000 Supply and return ductwork 0 1 LS $2,000 $2,000 Electrical 0 1 ea $1,000 $1,000 Estimating contingency 0 15%$750 Overhead & profit 0 30% $1,725.00 Design fees 0 10%$748 Project management 0 8%$658 Energy Costs Electric Energy 1 - 25 -31,192 kWh $0.063 ($38,525) Net Present Worth ($29,600) EEM-8: Remove Vending Machine Lamps Energy Analysis # Fixtures Lamp Lamp, watts Fixture Watts Hours, exist Hours, new Savings, kWh 4 T8 16 18 -8,760 4,380 -322 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Remove lamps 0 1 LS $100 $100 Energy Costs Electric Energy 1 - 25 -322 kWh $0.063 ($398) Net Present Worth ($300) Centennial Hall 23 Energy Audit (February 2012) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Centennial Hall EEM-9: Replace Uninsulated Overhead Doors Energy Analysis Component Area R,exist R,new ΔT MBH kBtu COP kWh Overhead Door 257 0.50 5 15 -6.9 -60,667 100% -17,781 Infiltration CFM ΔT MBH kBtu COP kWh -100 25 -2.8 -24,090 100% -7,060 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Replace overhead door 0 257 sqft $50 $12,825 Energy Costs Electric Energy 1 - 25 -24,841 kWh $0.063 ($30,681) Net Present Worth ($17,900) EEM-10: Upgrade Transformers Energy Analysis Number kVA ηold ηnew KW kWh 1 45 97.2% 98.6% -0.6 -5,519 1 300 98.0% 99.0% -3.0 -26,280 -3.6 -31,799 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Replace transformer, kVA 45 0 1 LS $6,500 $6,500 Replace transformer, kVA 300 0 1 LS $22,800 $22,800 Estimating contingency 0 15%$4,395 Overhead & profit 0 30% $10,109 Project management 0 8%$3,504 Energy Costs Electric Energy 1 - 25 -31,799 kWh $0.063 ($39,274) Electric Demand 1 - 25 -44 kW $12.50 ($10,707) Net Present Worth ($2,700) EEM-11: Replace Single Pane Door Glazing Energy Analysis Component Area R,exist R,new ΔT MBH kBtu COP kWh Door 186 0.60 2.0 20 -4.3 -38,018 150% -7,428 -4.3 -38,018 -7,428 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Replace door glazing unit 0 186 sqft $75 $13,950 Estimating contingency 0 15%$2,093 Overhead & profit 0 30%$4,813 Design fees 0 10%$2,086 Project management 0 8%$1,835 Energy Costs Electric Energy 1 - 25 -7,428 kWh $0.063 ($9,175) Net Present Worth $15,600 Centennial Hall 24 Energy Audit (February 2012) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Centennial Hall EEM-12: Replace Roof Insulation Energy Analysis Component Area R,exist R,new ΔT MBH kBtu COP kWh Roof 31,500 15 46 30 -42.5 -371,919 100% -109,003 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Replace IRMA roof with a roof insulation 0 31,500 sqft $25 $787,500 Estimating contingency 0 15% $118,125 Overhead & profit 0 30% $271,688 Design fees 0 10% $117,731 Project management 0 8% $103,604 Energy Costs Electric Energy 1 - 25 -109,003 kWh $0.063 ($134,629) Net Present Worth $1,264,000 Centennial Hall 25 Energy Audit (February 2012) Appendix B Energy and Utility Data Centennial Hall 26 Energy Audit (February 2012) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Billing Data 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Centennial Hall ELECTRIC RATE Electricity ($ / kWh )0.0611 0.0592 Demand ( $ / kW )14.30 9.11 Customer Charge ( $ / mo )99.24 99.24 Sales Tax ( % )0.0% 0.0% ELECTRICAL CONSUMPTION AND DEMAND kWh kW kWh kW kWh kW kWh kW Jan 115,600 373 126,400 403 150,800 446 136,300 438 132,275 Feb 124,700 410 148,400 441 145,800 450 110,600 399 132,375 Mar 146,100 482 123,100 426 124,900 422 100,900 405 123,750 Apr 112,200 391 107,000 405 120,900 476 108,000 418 112,025 May 85,500 409 86,900 403 98,500 449 89,800 318 90,175 Jun 80,400 332 59,400 309 69,400 310 59,300 349 67,125 Jul 54,500 277 48,700 278 52,600 253 54,700 250 52,625 Aug 56,600 265 49,800 253 52,000 207 54,700 222 53,275 Sep 56,000 213 56,600 237 51,200 208 52,500 295 54,075 Oct 64,600 351 64,900 253 67,700 304 66,900 336 66,025 Nov 88,000 321 100,900 311 94,300 318 84,800 316 92,000 Dec 118,000 455 107,500 359 114,100 394 122,500 461 115,525 Total 1,102,200 1,079,600 1,142,200 1,041,000 1,091,250 Average 91,850 357 89,967 340 95,183 353 86,750 351 90,938 Load Factor 35.3% 36.3% 36.9% 33.9% 350 ELECTRIC BILLING DETAILS Month Energy Demand Cust & Tax Total Energy Demand Cust & Tax Total % Change Jan 9,214 6,378 99 15,691 8,328 6,263 99 14,691 -6.4% Feb 8,908 6,435 99 15,443 6,758 5,706 99 12,563 -18.6% Mar 7,631 6,035 99 13,765 6,165 5,792 99 12,056 -12.4% Apr 7,387 6,807 99 14,293 6,599 5,977 99 12,675 -11.3% May 6,018 6,421 99 12,538 5,487 4,547 99 10,133 -19.2% Jun 4,240 2,824 99 7,164 3,623 3,179 99 6,902 -3.7% Jul 3,214 2,305 99 5,618 3,342 2,278 99 5,719 1.8% Aug 3,177 1,886 99 5,162 3,342 2,022 99 5,464 5.8% Sep 3,128 1,895 99 5,122 3,208 2,687 99 5,994 17.0% Oct 4,136 2,769 99 7,005 4,088 3,061 99 7,248 3.5% Nov 5,762 4,547 99 10,408 5,181 4,519 99 9,799 -5.9% Dec 6,972 5,634 99 12,705 7,485 6,592 99 14,176 11.6% Total $ 69,788 $ 53,936 $ 1,191 $ 124,915 $ 63,605 $ 52,624 $ 1,191 $ 117,420 -6.0% Average $ 5,816 $ 4,495 $ 99 $ 10,410 $ 5,300 $ 4,385 $ 99 $ 9,785 -6.0% Cost ($/kWh)$0.109 54% 45% 1% $0.113 3.1% Electrical costs are based on the current electric rates. 2009 2010 2010 AEL&P Electric Rate 24 On-Peak Nov-May Off-peak Jun-Oct Month 2007 2008 2009 Average Centennial Hall 27 Energy Audit (February 2012) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Annual Electric Consumption 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Centennial Hall 0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000 160,000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecElectric Use (kWh)Month of the Year Electric Use History 2007 2008 2009 2010 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecElectric Demand (kW)Month of the Year Electric Demand History 2007 2008 2009 2010 Centennial Hall 28 Energy Audit (February 2012) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Electric Cost 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Centennial Hall 2010 $ 0 $ 2,000 $ 4,000 $ 6,000 $ 8,000 $ 10,000 $ 12,000 $ 14,000 $ 16,000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecElectric Cost (USD)Month of the Year Electric Cost Breakdown 2010 Electric Use (kWh) Costs Electric Demand (kW) Costs Customer Charge and Taxes 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000 160,000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Electric Demand (kW)Electric Use (kWh)Month of the Year Electric Use and Demand Comparison 2010 Electric Use Electric Demand Centennial Hall 29 Energy Audit (February 2012) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Annual Water Consumption 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Centennial Hall Year Water 2007 360,000 2008 228,000 2009 372,000 2010 420,000 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000 400,000 450,000 500,000 2007 2008 2009 2010Gallons of WaterYear Annual Water  Use Centennial Hall 30 Energy Audit (February 2012) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Billing Data 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Annual Energy Consumption and Cost Energy Cost $/MMBtu Area ECI EUI Fuel Oil $3.80 $39.20 30,800 $1.49 45 Electricity $0.113 $34.80 Heat Pump Heat $0.113 $11.02 Source Cost Electricity 407,378 kWh $46,000 1,400 Annual Energy Consumption and Cost Consumption Energy, MMBtu $0.00 $5.00 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 $25.00 $30.00 $35.00 $40.00 $45.00 Fuel Oil Electricity Heat Pump HeatCost $ / MMBtuCost of Heat Comparison Centennial Hall 31 Energy Audit (February 2012) Appendix C Equipment Data Centennial Hall 32 Energy Audit (February 2012) MotorHP / Volts / RPM / EfficHP-1 Penthouse 2 Meeting Room Heat Pump Carrier50PQ012 600A2,930 CFM1 HP/ 480 VoltDirty Intake ScreenHeating 42.116 MBHHP-2 Penthouse 2 Lobby Heat Pump Carrier50PQ012 600A9400 CFM10 HP/ 480 Volt/ 1725 RPM/ 85.5%Dirty Intake ScreenHeating 187.194 MBHHP-3 Penthouse 1 Assembly Hall Heat Pump Carrier 39ER48 20,000 CFM 15 HP/ 480 Volt/ 1750 RPM/ 91%HP-3A1 Penthouse 1 Assembly Hall Heat Pump Carrier 38AQO34600 Heating 630.34 MBHHP-3A2 Penthouse 1 Assembly Hall Heat Pump Carrier 38AQO34600 Heating 630.34 MBHHV-1 Penthouse 1 Carrier 39ER10 5170 CFM 5 HP/ 480 Volt/1750 RPM/85.5% 15 KWHVAC-1 Penthouse 1 Meeting Room Carrier50 DF0246105H6400 CFM7.5 HP/ 480V/ 1750 RPM/ 85.5% Storage RoomHVAC-1 Return Fan Trane 21C-9-11 1/2 HP/480V/1745 RPM/ 78%HVAC-2 Roof MeetingCarrier 38CBO366001/16 HP/ 480VNot WorkingR/E-1Storage RoomAssembly Hall Trane Q40 18,000 CFMFTU-1Meeting Room 2Space Heating and Cooling Temp Master HFB Heating 200 CFM 120 Watt/ 277 VoltCooling 300 CFMFTU-2Meeting Room 3Space Heating and Cooling Temp Master HFB Heating 450 CFM 225 Watt/ 277 VoltCooling 600 CFMFTU-3Meeting Room 1Space Heating and Cooling Temp Master HFB Heating 800 CFM 1/3 HP/ 277 VoltCooling 1200 CFMFTU-4Meeting Room 4Space Heating and Cooling Temp Master HFB Heating 800 CFM 1/3 HP/ 277 VoltCooling 1200 CFMFTU-5 Vestibule Space Heating and Cooling Temp Master HFB Heating 800 CFM 1/3 HP/ 480 VoltCooling 1200 CFMFTU-6 Vestibule Space Heating and Cooling Temp Master HFB Heating 800 CFM 1/3 HP/ 480 VoltCooling 1200 CFMFTU-7 Vestibule Space Heating and Cooling Temp Master HFB Heating 800 CFM 1/3 HP/ 480 VoltCooling 1200 CFMFTU-8 Vestibule Space Heating and Cooling Temp Master HFB Heating 800 CFM 1/3 HP/ 480 VoltCooling 1200 CFMFTU-9 Lobby Space Heating and Cooling Temp Master HFB Heating 2000 CFM 1/3 HP/ 480 VoltCooling 2900 CFMCooling 273.274 TMBH Cooling 124.62 TMBH Cooling 645.4 TMBH Cooling 645.4 TMBH - Major Equipment InventoryCapacityNotesUnit IDLocation Function Make Model Centennial Hall 33 Energy Audit (February 2012) MotorHP / Volts / RPM / Effic - Major Equipment InventoryCapacityNotesUnit IDLocation Function Make ModelA-1 Kitchen Hot Water Heater AO Smith DSE-120-12 120 Gallon480 Volt/ 12 KW1 ElementA-2 Kitchen Hot Water Heater AO Smith DVE-300-75 300 Gallon480 Volt/ 75 KW5 ElementsH-1 Arctic Entry Space HeatingTrane D-34EO-08 800 CFM1/8 HP/ 480 Volt/ 15 KWH-2 Arctic Entry Space HeatingTrane D-34EO-08 800 CFM1/8 HP/ 480 Volt/ 15 KWH-3 Exterior Door Heat CurtainBerner Mark 2 36E 400 CFM1/3 HP/ 480 Volt/ 14.5 KWH-3B Exterior Door Heat CurtainBerner Mark 2 36E 400 CFM1/3 HP/ 480 Volt/ 14.5 KWH-3C Exterior Door Heat CurtainBerner Mark 2 36E 400 CFM1/3 HP/ 480 Volt/ 14.5 KWH-3D Exterior Door Heat CurtainBerner Mark 2 36E 400 CFM1/3 HP/ 480 Volt/ 14.5 KWH-3E Exterior Door Heat CurtainBerner Mark 2 36E 400 CFM1/3 HP/ 480 Volt/ 14.5 KWH-4 Lower Stairs Space HeatingChromalox MUH-05-7277 Volt/ 5 KWH-5 Penthouse Space HeatingChromalox MUH-05-7277 Volt/ 5 KWEF-1 Roof Lobby Exhaust Fan Penn LB-24 1/2 HP/ 115V 1/2 HP/ 115 VoltEF-2Electrical RoomExhaust FanPenn B1917BZW 2340 CFMEF-3 Kitchen Dishwasher Exhaust Hood500 CFM1/6 HP/ 115 VoltEF-4 Roof Kitchen HoodPennSF-1 Roof Kitchen Make Up1.5HP/480V/1725RPMT-1 Penthouse 2 TransformerSquare D 45T34 45 KVANon-TP RatedT-2Electrical RoomTransformerSquare D 300T 3H 300 KVANon-TP RatedT-3Storage RoomTransformerSquare D 300T 3H 300 KVANon-TP RatedLD1Electrical RoomLight DimmerStrand Century CD 80800 Amp / Three Phase/ 120/208VLD2Electrical RoomLight DimmerStrand Century CD 80800 Amp / Three Phase/ 120/208VCentennial Hall 34 Energy Audit (February 2012) MotorHP / Volts / RPM / Effic - Major Equipment InventoryCapacityNotesUnit IDLocation Function Make ModelLD3Electrical RoomPlatform Light Dimmer Strand Century CD 80800 Amp / Three Phase/ 120/208VLD4Electrical RoomAndiane Light Dimmer Strand Century CD 80800 Amp / Three Phase/ 120/208VKitchen RefrigeratorBeverly115VKitchen Ice MakerManifawar S970Kitchen DishwasherStero SCT-44-CSA2.25 HP/ 480V/ 4.6 AmpsKitchen Walk in Refrigerator HeatcraftKitchen OvenLangQuantity 3Kitchen GrillLangQuantity 2Kitchen Warming OvenDuke E-102-EVQuantity 2Centennial Hall 35 Energy Audit (February 2012) Appendix D Abbreviations AHU Air handling unit BTU British thermal unit BTUH BTU per hour CBJ City and Borough of Juneau CMU Concrete masonry unit CO2 Carbon dioxide CUH Cabinet unit heater DDC Direct digital controls DHW Domestic hot water EAD Exhaust air damper EEM Energy efficiency measure EF Exhaust fan Gyp Bd Gypsum board HVAC Heating, Ventilating, Air- conditioning HW Hot water HWRP Hot water recirculating pump KVA Kilovolt-amps kW Kilowatt kWh Kilowatt-hour LED Light emitting diode MBH 1,000 Btu per hour MMBH 1,000,000 Btu per hour OAD Outside air damper PSI Per square inch PSIG Per square inch gage RAD Return air damper RF Return fan SIR Savings to investment ratio SF Supply fan UV Unit ventilator VAV Variable air volume VFD Variable frequency drive Centennial Hall 36 Energy Audit (February 2012)