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HomeMy WebLinkAboutSEA-AEE-JNU Floyd Dryden 2012-EE Floyd Dryden Middle School Juneau School District Funded by: Final Report March 2012 Prepared by: Energy Audit Table of Contents Section 1: Executive Summary 2  Section 2: Introduction 6  Section 3: Energy Efficiency Measures 8  Section 4: Description of Systems 15  Section 5: Methodology 18  Appendix A: Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 21   Appendix B: Energy and Utility Data 29  Appendix C: Equipment Data 36  Appendix D: Abbreviations 40  Audit Team The energy audit is performed by Alaska Energy Engineering LLC of Juneau, Alaska. The audit team consists of: Jim Rehfeldt, P.E., Energy Engineer Jack Christiansen, Energy Consultant Brad Campbell, Energy Auditor Loras O’Toole P.E., Mechanical Engineer Will Van Dyken P.E., Electrical Engineer Curt Smit, P.E., Mechanical Engineer Philip Iverson, Construction Estimator Karla Hart, Technical Publications Specialist Jill Carlile, Data Analyst Grayson Carlile, Energy Modeler Acknowledgment and Disclaimer Acknowledgment: This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy under Award Number DE-EE0000095. Disclaimer: This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. Floyd Dryden Middle School 1 Energy Audit (March 2012) Section 1 Executive Summary An energy audit of the Floyd Dryden Middle School was performed by Alaska Energy Engineering LLC. The investment grade audit was funded by Alaska Housing Finance Corporation (AHFC) to identify opportunities to improve the energy performance of public buildings throughout Alaska. Floyd Dryden Middle School is a 75,486 square foot building that contains commons, classrooms, offices, a music room, a gym, a dining area, a library, storage, and mechanical support spaces. Building Assessment The following summarizes our assessment of the building: Envelope The building envelope appears to be providing good service and is well maintained. The envelope insulation is below current standards due to insufficient insulation in the walls and the uninsulated slab-on-grade construction. Envelope issues identified by the audit team include:  Lack of Arctic Entry: The main entrance was designed to have an arctic entrance. However, it was not constructed. The lack of an arctic entrance has increased building operational costs. Future projects should include this feature.  Wall Insulation: The building has over 28,000 square feet of concrete construction with only one inch of rigid foam insulation. These walls have an R-7 insulating value where R-26 is optimal.  Windows: The building has 2,400 square feet of single layer Plexiglas glazing on all the doors and windows. The estimated R-0.5 insulating value is 1/10 the R-5 optimal value for new construction. As a result these units are significantly contributing to the heat loss of the building envelope.  Slab-on-grade Construction: The building has a four inch concrete slab without insulation. The water table in the vicinity of Floyd Dryden is very close to the surface and cold. As a result, the concrete floor throughout the entire building is acting as a huge heat sink as it transfers heat from the air to the ground below it.  Roof: The entire 11,000 square foot roof over Area ‘A’ is the original Inverted Roof Membrane Assembly (IRMA). This style roof typically has an initial waterproof layer such as EPDM, a layer of foam insulation, a fabric cloth covered with gravel or concrete pavers. The construction at Floyd Dryden utilized six inches of insulating foam which would normally produce an insulation value of R-30; however, it has been determined that the IRMA is a flawed system that is particularly ineffective and inefficient in Southeast Alaska. This is because the IRMA allows water to flow between the layers of insulation to the waterproof membrane below before it flows to the roof drains. This presents a two-fold problem. First, the foam eventually becomes waterlogged and loses much of its thermal resistance. Secondly, rain moving through the foam layers against the warm roof surface below will absorb heat as it travels to the roof drain. The end result is that the overall roof insulation package value is decreased by approximately 50%, or R- 15. This is considerably below the optimal R-46 level. Floyd Dryden Middle School 2 Energy Audit (March 2012)  Exterior Doors: Exterior doors are not thermally broken. Future exterior door replacement selection should include these features. In addition, much of the weather stripping is in poor condition and should be replaced. Heating System The building utilizes two fuel oil boilers to provide heat to seven air handling unit systems, fan coil units, and perimeter hydronic systems. Heating issues identified during the audit include:  The boilers are operating simultaneously when only one is needed to heat the building. In addition, the boilers are not modulating properly, which is causing them to cycle more than necessary. Energy will be saved if the boiler controls are modified to operate in a lead/lag sequence with proper modulation and the lag boiler is isolated when not required.  We observed that a number of zone valves are not controlling properly. On these zones, raising the setpoint does not result in 100% hot deck air to the zone and lowering the setpoint does not result in 100% cooling air to the zone. We also observed that the hot deck temperature is very high, likely due to this issue. The remainder of the fuel oil boiler heating system appears to be in good condition; however fairly simple improvements can be made to improve its effectiveness and efficiency. These are outlined in Section 3, Energy Efficiency Measures. Ventilation Systems The building utilizes seven air handling units and exhaust fans to maintain adequate indoor air quality. Ventilating issues identified during the audit include:  Poor Indoor Air Quality: The ventilation systems are not supplying sufficient outside air to maintain adequate indoor air quality. Measurements show that CO2 levels exceeded 1,300 ppm throughout the entire building even though 1,000 ppm is the recommended action limit by ASHRAE. We recommend that sufficient outside air be provided to the interior school spaces and the hours of ventilation fan operation increased to ensure healthy air quality in the school.  The ventilation system mixed air temperature setpoints are controlling how much air ventilation air is supplied to the building. The school typically uses 60-62°F. The mixed air temperature should be reduced to 52°F to ensure adequate indoor air quality. This is lower than typically used by the school district; however, it is necessary because the building ventilation systems supply a lower-than-typical average of 0.6 cfm per square foot to the school. The ventilation systems appear to be in good condition; however fairly simple improvements can be made to improve its effectiveness and efficiency. These are outlined in Section 3, Energy Efficiency Measure-14. Note that EEM-14 does not resolve the poor indoor air quality. Increasing outside ventilation will increase energy costs. Resolution of the air quality issue is outside of the scope of this audit but important for the health and performance of students and staff. Additional information on improving air quality in schools can be found at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency website “Creating Healthy Indoor Environments in Schools,” www.epa.gov/iaq/schools/. Domestic Hot Water System Domestic hot water is heated by an indirect hot water heater (during the school year) and an electric hot water heater (during summer months). Heating with fuel oil costs $39.20/MMBtu while heating with electricity costs $34.67/MMBtu. Utilizing the electric heater year-round will reduce hot water costs. Floyd Dryden Middle School 3 Energy Audit (March 2012) Lighting Interior lighting consists primarily of older T12 fluorescent fixtures. Much of the energy that is saved by newer, more efficient lighting fixtures is in the form of heat. Because the additional heat produced by the T12 fluorescent fixtures is beneficial toward heating the building, we recommend that maintenance staff replace the T12 fixtures with more efficient T8 fixtures only as the ballasts fail. Exterior lighting consists primarily of high pressure sodium lighting. Summary The overall energy performance of Floyd Dryden Middle School is 66 kBtu/sqft, which is the average of all the Juneau school buildings. The school is considerably under-ventilated which should cause it to have a better than average energy performance. Envelope heat loss negates much of that undesirable savings. Unfortunately, an envelope upgrade was most practical when mechanical upgrades occurred since the improved envelope would have reduced the capacity of the heating system. Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs) All buildings have opportunities to improve their energy efficiency. The energy audit revealed numerous opportunities in which an efficiency investment will result in a net reduction in long-term operating costs. Behavioral and Operational EEMs The following EEMs require behavioral and operational changes in the building use. The savings are not readily quantifiable but these EEMs are highly recommended as low-cost opportunities that are a standard of high performance buildings. EEM-1: Weather-strip Doors EEM-2: Energy Star Appliances EEM-3: Calibrate Room 201 Thermostat Floyd Dryden Middle School 4 Energy Audit (March 2012) High and Medium Priority EEMs The following EEMs are recommended for investment. They are ranked by life cycle savings to investment ratio (SIR). This ranking method places a priority on low cost EEMs which can be immediately funded, generating energy savings to fund higher cost EEMs in the following years. Negative values, in parenthesis, represent savings. Energy Efficiency Measure 25-Year Life Cycle Cost Analysis Investment Operating Energy Total SIR High Priority 4: Reduce Entrance Temperatures $100 $0 ($28,200) ($28,100)282.0 5: Operate Electric Hot Water Heater $100 $0 ($17,100) ($17,000)171.0 6: Install Pipe Insulation $400 $0 ($27,300) ($26,900)68.3 7: Room 105 -Turn Off Unit Heater $100 $0 ($6,600) ($6,500)66.0 8: Insulate Expansion Tank $500 $0 ($32,100) ($31,600)64.2 9: Install Exhaust Fan Timers $500 $0 ($26,500) ($26,000)53.0 10: Replace Lavatory Aerators $1,200 $0 ($50,300) ($49,100)41.9 11: Install Electric Rm 134 Heat Recovery $2,500 $0 ($48,300) ($45,800)19.3 12: Optimize Boiler Operation $5,000 $0 ($58,500) ($53,500)11.7 13: Install Server Room Heat Recovery $6,900 $0 ($34,000) ($27,100)4.9 Medium Priority 14: Optimize Ventilation Systems $142,100 $0 ($332,400) ($190,300)2.3 15: Replace Single Pane Glazing $361,700 $0 ($773,000) ($411,300)2.1 16: Install Occupancy Sensors $5,600 ($800) ($7,700) ($2,900)1.5 Totals* $526,700 ($800) ($1,442,000) ($916,100)2.7 *The analysis is based on each EEM being independent of the others. While it is likely that some EEMs are interrelated, an isolated analysis is used to demonstrate the economics because the audit team is not able to predict which EEMs an Owner may choose to implement. If several EEMs are implemented, the resulting energy savings is likely to differ from the sum of each EEM projection. Summary The energy audit revealed numerous opportunities for improving the energy performance of the building. It is recommended that the behavioral and high priority EEMs be implemented now to generate energy savings from which to fund the medium priority EEMs. Another avenue to consider is to borrow money from AHFCs revolving loan fund for public buildings. AHFC will loan money for energy improvements under terms that allow for paying back the money from the energy savings. More information on this option can be found online at http://www.ahfc.us/loans/akeerlf_loan.cfm. . Floyd Dryden Middle School 5 Energy Audit (March 2012) Section 2 Introduction This report presents the findings of an energy audit of the Floyd Dryden Middle School located in Juneau, Alaska. The purpose of this investment grade energy audit is to evaluate the infrastructure and its subsequent energy performance to identify applicable energy efficiencies measures (EEMs). The energy audit report contains the following sections:  Introduction: Building use and energy consumption.  Energy Efficiency Measures: Priority ranking of the EEMs with a description, energy analysis, and life cycle cost analysis.  Description of Systems: Background description of the building energy systems.  Methodology: Basis for how construction and maintenance cost estimates are derived and the economic and energy factors used for the analysis. BUILDING USE Floyd Dryden Middle School is a 75,486 square foot building that contains commons, classrooms, offices, a music room, a gym, a dining area, a library, storage, and mechanical support spaces. The school is operated by 68 staff and attended by 560 students. The facility is occupied in the following manner:  Teachers 7:30 am – 3:30pm (M-F)  Students 8:00 am – 3:00 pm (M-F)  Gym 8:00 am – 11:00 pm 7 days/week as needed for community use Building History  1972 – Original Construction  1974 – Classroom Addition  1984 – Classroom Addition  2000 – Single Pane Plexiglass Window Replacements  2004 – Roof Replacement  2005 & 2006 – Mechanical Upgrades Floyd Dryden Middle School 6 Energy Audit (March 2012) Energy Consumption The building energy sources include an electric service and a fuel oil tank. Fuel oil is used for the majority of the heating loads and domestic hot water, while electricity serves all other loads. The following table shows annual energy use and cost. Annual Energy Consumption and Cost Source Consumption Cost Energy, MMBtu Electricity 437,135 kWh $49,100 1,500 30% Fuel Oil 25,638 Gallons $97,400 3,500 70% Totals $146,500 5,000 100% Electricity This chart shows electrical energy use from 2007 to 2010. Consumption was higher in 2007 before an avalanche raised electric process and caused energy conservation measures to be instituted. The effective cost—energy costs plus demand charges—is 11.2¢ per kWh. Fuel Oil This chart shows heating energy use from 2007 to 2010. The chart compares annual use with the heating degree days which is a measurement of the demand for energy to heat a building. A year with a higher number of degree days reflects colder outside temperatures and a higher heating requirement. Cost of Heat Comparison This chart shows a comparison of the current cost of fuel oil heat and electric heat. The comparison is based on a fuel oil conversion efficiency of 70% and an electric boiler conversion efficiency of 95%. Electric heat is currently less expensive than fuel oil heat. Floyd Dryden Middle School 7 Energy Audit (March 2012) Section 3 Energy Efficiency Measures The following energy efficiency measures (EEMs) were identified during the energy audit. The EEMs are priority ranked and, where applicable, subjected to energy and life cycle cost analysis. Appendix A contains the energy and life cycle cost analysis spreadsheets. The EEMs will be grouped into the following prioritized categories:  Behavioral or Operational: EEMs that require minimal capital investment but require operational or behavioral changes. The EEMs provide a life cycle savings but an analysis is not performed because the guaranteed energy savings is difficult quantify.  High Priority: EEMs that require a small capital investment and offer a life cycle savings. Also included in this category are higher cost EEMs that offer significant life cycle savings.  Medium Priority: EEMs that require a significant capital investment to provide a life cycle savings. Many medium priority EEMs provide a high life cycle savings and offer substantial incentive to increase investment in building energy efficiency.  Low Priority: EEMs that will save energy but do not provide a life cycle savings. BEHAVIORAL OR OPERATIONAL The following EEMs are recommended for implementation. They require behavioral or operational changes that can occur with minimal investment to achieve immediate savings. These EEMs are not easily quantified by analysis because they cannot be accurately predicted. They are recommended because they offer a life cycle savings, represent good practice, and are accepted features of high performance buildings. EEM-1: Weather-strip Doors Purpose: Weather stripping on many of the exterior doors is in need of repair or replacement. Energy will be saved if doors are properly weather-stripped to reduce infiltration. Scope: Replace weather stripping as needed on exterior doors. EEM-2: Energy Star Appliances Purpose: Many of the appliances in the school are not Energy Star rated. Energy will be saved if these units are replaced with Energy Star rated units at the end of their useful life. Scope: Replace non-Energy Star rated appliances with Energy Star rated units at the end of their useful life. Floyd Dryden Middle School 8 Energy Audit (March 2012) EEM-3: Calibrate Room 201 Thermostat Purpose: Room 201 is too warm as a result of the room sensor reporting a lower-than-actual temperature to the DDC system. Energy will be saved if the sensor is recalibrated. Scope: Recalibrate the room temperature sensor in Room 201. HIGH PRIORITY The following EEMs are recommended for implementation because they are low cost measures that have a high savings to investment ratio. The EEMs are listed from highest to lowest priority. Negative values, in parenthesis, represent savings. EEM-4: Lower Arctic Entrance Temperature Setpoints Purpose: The arctic entryways to the building use cabinet fan heaters to maintain space temperature. The units are currently set to 60°F. Energy will be saved if thermostat setpoints are lowered to 55°F in arctic entryways. Scope: Lower the thermostat setpoints to 55°F in arctic entryways. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($1,000) ($1,000) $100 $0 ($28,200) ($28,100) 282.0 EEM-5: Operate Electric Hot Water Heater Purpose: The indirect hot water heater is used during the school year and the electric hot water heater is used during the summer. Electric heat is currently less expensive than fuel oil heat. Energy will be saved if the indirect hot water heater is turned off and the electric hot water heater is operated year round. Scope: Turn off the indirect hot water heater and operate the electric hot water heater all year. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($190) ($190) $100 $0 ($17,100) ($17,000) 171.0 EEM-6: Install Pipe Insulation Purpose: Several sections of boiler system piping are uninsulated. Energy will be saved if the piping is optimally insulated. Scope: Install pipe insulation on the following: - 15’ of 2” pipe for SF-1 in Mechanical Penthouse. - 10’ of 2” pipe for SF-3 in Mechanical 08. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($960) ($960) $400 $0 ($27,300) ($26,900) 68.3 Floyd Dryden Middle School 9 Energy Audit (March 2012) EEM-7: Room 105 -Turn off Unit Heater Purpose: The unit heater in Mechanical Room 105 is currently controlled from a room thermostat. Since the room is also used as a return air plenum, it is heating the return air to AHU-1, some of which is typically discharge outside. Energy will be saved if the heater is disabled during occupied hours when the return air can heat the space. Scope: Turn off the unit heater in Mechanical Room 105. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($230) ($230) $100 $0 ($6,600) ($6,500) 66.0 EEM-8: Insulate Boiler Expansion Tank Purpose: With a surface area of over 70 square feet, the size of the boiler expansion tank is very large and provides a significant amount of surface area for heat loss. Energy will be saved if this tank is insulated to reduce heat loss to the boiler room space. Scope: Insulate the boiler expansion tank. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($1,130) ($1,130) $500 $0 ($32,100) ($31,600) 64.2 EEM-9: Install Exhaust Fan Timers Purpose: Two of the school’s exhaust fans are only used intermittently and controlled by manual switches. They are often left on for longer periods of time than they are required. Energy will be saved if timers are installed so fans are not inadvertently left on. Scope: Install timer switches on the following exhaust fans: - Janitor 112/Office REF-2 estimated 400 cfm - Storage 215/Electric 104 EF-7 750 cfm Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($930) ($930) $500 $0 ($26,500) ($26,000) 53.0 EEM-10: Replace Lavatory Aerators Purpose: Energy and water will be saved by replacing the lavatory aerators with low-flow models. Scope: Replace lavatory aerators with water-conserving fixtures. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($1,970) ($1,970) $1,200 $0 ($50,300) ($49,100) 41.9 Floyd Dryden Middle School 10 Energy Audit (March 2012) EEM-11: Install Electrical Room 134 Heat Recovery Purpose: A significant amount of heat is generated by the transformers operating in Electrical Room 134. This heat is discharged outside by an exhaust fan. Energy will be saved if ductwork is installed to redirect this heat into the adjacent building hallway and entryway. Scope: Exhaust the heat generated by the transformers in the electrical room to the adjacent hallways and entryway. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($1,700) ($1,700) $2,500 $0 ($48,300) ($45,800) 19.3 EEM-12: Optimize Boiler Operation Purpose: During periods when the outside temperature is warm enough, only one boiler needs to be operated. Circulating hot water through a standby boiler in a dual boiler system can result in a 3% efficiency loss of the operable boiler due to the standby boiler acting as a heat sink. Currently water circulates through both boilers approximately six months more than is necessary. Energy will be saved if only a single boiler is on line when temperatures permit. Scope: Enable the lead boiler at the start of the school season. Turn on the standby boiler when the weather gets colder and redundancy is needed to protect the building from freezing. When weather gets milder in the spring, turn off the lead boiler and make the standby boiler the new lead for the upcoming year. Also, the lead boiler pump should operate continuously so the boiler thermal mass is a part of the system and the standby boiler should be off. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($2,060) ($2,060) $5,000 $0 ($58,500) ($53,500) 11.7 EEM-13: Install Server Room Heat Recovery Purpose: Heat is generated be the computer equipment operating in the server room. Energy will be saved by installing an exhaust fan and ductwork to redirect this heat to the gym. Scope: Install ductwork to redirect server room heat to the gym. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($950) ($950) $6,900 $0 ($34,000) ($27,100) 4.9 Floyd Dryden Middle School 11 Energy Audit (March 2012) MEDIUM PRIORITY Medium priority EEMs will require planning and a higher level of investment. They are recommended because they offer a life cycle savings. The EEMs are listed from highest to lowest priority. Negative values, in parenthesis, represent savings. EEM-14: Optimize Ventilation Systems Purpose: The ventilation systems have opportunities to improve their energy performance. Energy will be saved if modifications are made to the respective air handling systems. Scope: Modify the following ventilation systems and controls and then commission all air handling units to perform as a properly integrated system when completed: SF-1 - Control EAD from building pressure. - Exhaust Fan EF-3 exhausts classrooms and the Home-Ec room. None of these rooms require constant exhaust. The fan can be turned off, reducing the make-up air requirement for the building. - EF-1 and EF-2 Heat Recovery: Install a heat recovery coil in the EF-1 and EF-2 exhaust duct and in the SF-1 outside air plenum. - Reduce EF-4 Operating Hours: Currently operates with SF-1 to exhaust the commons, which is only occupied for a few hours each day. The fan should be scheduled for operate from 11:00 am to 2:00 pm. SF-2 - Modulate mixing dampers and automatic valve sequentially to maintain room setpoint with CO2 sensor override of dampers. - Install VFDs to modulate air flow with cooling requirements. - Modulate EF-2 with occupancy and humidity levels. - Modulate EAD with gym pressure. SF-3 - Control EAD from building pressure. AHU-1 - Control EAD from building pressure. - Replace turn vanes with VFDs. SCF-1 - Control EAD from building pressure. - Recalibrate controls—the face and bypass dampers are not calibrated properly. The unit is supplying heat to the room even though the room temperature exceeds the setpoint. ASU-2 - Control EAD from building pressure. - Change Wednesday and Thursday start time from 6:00 am to 7:10 am. ASU-3 - Control EAD from building pressure. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($12,110) ($12,110) $142,100 $0 ($332,400) ($190,300) 2.3 Floyd Dryden Middle School 12 Energy Audit (March 2012) EEM-15: Replace Single Pane Glazing Purpose: The building has 2,400 sqft of Plexiglas glazing on all windows and doors. The estimated R-0.5 thermal resistance of the window and door glazing is 1/10 the R-5 optimal value. As a result these units are significantly contributing to the energy consumption of the building. Energy will be saved if the single pane glazing in the windows and doors are replaced with double pane glazing units. Scope: Replace single pane Plexiglas window and door glazing with double pane insulated glazing units installed in the existing metal frames. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($27,270) ($27,270) $361,700 $0 ($773,000) ($411,300) 2.1 EEM-16: Install Occupancy Sensors Purpose: Lighting controls for the bathrooms, locker rooms, and gym storage room are on a manual switch and frequently remain on even when unoccupied. Energy will be saved if occupancy sensor controls are installed to minimize unnecessary lighting run hours. - Boys Restroom 124 - Boys Restroom 138 - Boys Restroom 190 - Boys Locker Room - Girls Restroom 122 - Girls Restroom 139 - Girls Restroom 189 - Girls Locker Room - Gym Storage Room Scope: Install occupancy sensors to control lighting in these spaces. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR ($50) ($390) ($440) $5,600 ($800) ($7,700) ($2,900) 1.5 Floyd Dryden Middle School 13 Energy Audit (March 2012) LOW PRIORITY Low priority EEMs do not offer a life cycle energy savings and are not recommended. Negative values, in parenthesis, represent savings. EEM-17: Upgrade Transformer Purpose: The 75 kVA transformer in Electric Room 134 is not TP-1 rated. Energy will be saved if this less-efficient transformer is replaced with an energy efficient model that complies with NEMA Standard TP 1-2001. Scope: Replace the 75 kVA transformer in Electric Room 134 with a NEMA Standard TP 1-2001 compliant model. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($680) ($680) $18,500 $0 ($13,400) $5,100 0.7 EEM-18: Replace Roof Insulation Purpose: The entire Area ‘A’ roof is an Inverted Roof Membrane Assembly (IRMA). The 6” total thickness of this IRMA roof system would normally produce an insulation value of R-30, however the IRMA roof system is de-rated by approximately 50% due to saturation of the insulation and heat loss to the rain water as outlined in the executive summary. This results in an overall roof insulation value of only R-15. The roofing should be replaced with a tapered roof system. Scope: Replace IRMA roof system with R-46 tapered insulation system. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($12,610) ($12,610) $1,398,600 $0 ($357,400) $1,041,200 0.3 Floyd Dryden Middle School 14 Energy Audit (March 2012) Section 4 Description of Systems ENERGY SYSTEMS This section provides a general description of the building systems. Energy conservation opportunities are addressed in Section 3, Energy Efficiency Measures. Building Envelope R-value Component Description (inside to outside) Existing Optimal Exterior Wall (1971) 7” concrete wall with 1” rigid insulation, furring, drywall R-7 R-26 Exterior Wall (1972) 5/8” Gyp. bd, 2”x6” stud, R-19 batt, siding R-19 R-26 Exterior Wall (1984) 7” concrete wall with 1 ½” rigid insulation, furring, drywall R-10 R-26 Roof (Area ‘A’) 6” foam insulated IRMA roof system R-15 R-54 Roof (Area B,C,D,E) 24” o.c. trusses, 6” rigid insulation roof buildup, 5/8” gyp. bd. R-30 R-54 Floor 4” slab on grade – uninsulated R-10 R-20 Foundation 8” concrete - uninsulated R-10 R-20 Windows Single pane plexiglass with aluminum frame R-0.5 R-5 Doors Steel and Aluminum doors w/ non-thermally broken frames R-1.5 R-5 Heating System The building utilizes two fuel oil boilers to provide heat to seven air handling unit systems, fan coil units, and perimeter hydronic systems. The heating system has the following pumps:  P-1 is the boiler loop pump for Boiler 1.  P-2 is the boiler loop pump for Boiler 2.  P-3A is a building heating loop pump.  P-3B is a building heating loop pump.  P-4 is the domestic hot water return pump.  P-5 is the pump for the radiant heat system. Floyd Dryden Middle School 15 Energy Audit (March 2012) Ventilation Systems Area Fan System Description Area B & D SF-1 18,500 cfm 15 hp constant volume air handling unit consisting of an outside air damper, heating coil, filter section, mixing box, supply fan, and return fan Gym & Locker Rooms SF-2 14,500 cfm 10 hp constant volume air handling unit consisting of an outside air damper, heating coil, filter section, mixing box, supply fan, and return fan Area E SF-3 6,095 cfm 3 hp constant volume air handling unit consisting of an outside air damper, heating coil, filter section, mixing box, supply fan, and return fan Boiler Room SF-4 2,000 cfm ¾ hp constant volume air handling unit consisting of an outside air damper, filter section, and supply fan Area A AHU-1 11,150 cfm 15 hp constant volume air handling unit consisting of an outside air damper, return air damper, heating coil, filter section, mixing box, and supply fan Former Kitchen Area ASU-1 1,200 cfm 3/4 hp constant volume air handling unit consisting of an outside air damper, heating coil, filter section, and supply fan (This unit is currently used) Technology Room ASU-2 2,800 cfm 1 ½ hp constant volume air handling unit consisting of an outside air damper, heating coil, filter section, and supply fan Computer Lab ASU-3 850 cfm 3/4 hp constant volume air handling unit consisting of an outside air damper, heating coil, filter section, and supply fan Art Room SCF-1 1,650 cfm 1 hp constant volume air handling unit consisting of an outside air damper, heating coil, filter section, and supply fan Center Admin Area EF-1 1,720 cfm ¾ hp constant volume exhaust fan Gym Lockers EF-2 2,000 cfm ¾ hp constant volume exhaust fan East Classrooms EF-3 2,300 cfm 1 hp constant volume exhaust fan Commons 105 (Dining Area) EF-4 1,000 cfm ½ hp constant volume exhaust fan Cooking Room 204 EF-5 1,200 cfm ½ hp constant volume exhaust fan Electric Room 134 EF-6 250 cfm ¼ hp constant volume exhaust fan Storage 215 & Electric 104 EF-7 750 cfm 1/3 hp constant volume exhaust fan Janitor Room 09 EF-8 150 cfm 1/8th hp constant volume exhaust fan Janitor 3A & RR 122/124 EF-9 (EF-1A) 1,100 cfm ½ hp constant volume exhaust fan Gym Hall Restrooms REF 205 cfm 1/6th hp constant volume exhaust air fan Art Paint Spray Hood REF-1A No Data Janitor Closet/Office 114 REF-2 No Data Floyd Dryden Middle School 16 Energy Audit (March 2012) Domestic Hot Water System A direct hot water heater system consisting of one 80-gallon electric hot water heater and one 500- gallon indirect hot water heater located in the boiler room. Currently the indirect hot water heater is used throughout the entire school year while the boiler is operating. During summer break the boiler and the indirect hot water heater are turned off, at which time the electric hot water heater is placed on line to meet the domestic hot water demands of the school. Automatic Control System The building has a limited DDC system to control operation of the heating and ventilation systems. Energy can be saved through further optimization of fan system scheduling combined with a retro- commissioning of the air handler systems. Lighting Interior lighting consists primarily of older T12 fluorescent fixtures. Much of the energy that is saved by newer, more efficient lighting fixtures is in the form of heat. Because the additional heat produced by the T12 fluorescent fixtures is beneficial toward heating the building, it is recommended that maintenance staff replace the T12 fixtures with more efficient T8 fixtures only as the ballasts fail. Exterior lighting consists primarily of high pressure sodium lighting. Electric Equipment Residential equipment for food preparation is located in the life skills classroom and the dining area. Floyd Dryden Middle School 17 Energy Audit (March 2012) Section 5 Methodology Information for the energy audit was gathered through on-site observations, review of construction documents, and interviews with operation and maintenance personnel. The EEMs are evaluated using energy and life cycle cost analyses and are priority ranked for implementation. Energy Efficiency Measures Energy efficiency measures are identified by evaluating the building’s energy systems and comparing them to systems in modern, high performance buildings. The process for identifying the EEMs acknowledges the realities of an existing building that was constructed when energy costs were much lower. Many of the opportunities used in modern high performance buildings—highly insulated envelopes, variable capacity mechanical systems, heat pumps, daylighting, lighting controls, etc.— simply cannot be economically incorporated into an existing building. The EEMs represent practical measures to improve the energy efficiency of the buildings, taking into account the realities of limited budgets. If a future major renovation project occurs, additional EEMs common to high performance buildings should be incorporated. Life Cycle Cost Analysis The EEMs are evaluated using life cycle cost analysis which determines if an energy efficiency investment will provide a savings over a 25-year life. The analysis incorporates construction, replacement, maintenance, repair, and energy costs to determine the total cost over the life of the EEM. Future maintenance and energy cash flows are discounted to present worth using escalation factors for general inflation, energy inflation, and the value of money. The methodology is based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Handbook 135 – Life Cycle Cost Analysis. Life cycle cost analysis is preferred to simple payback for facilities that have long—often perpetual— service lives. Simple payback, which compares construction cost and present energy cost, is reasonable for short time periods of 2-4 years, but yields below optimal results over longer periods because it does not properly account for the time value of money or inflationary effects on operating budgets. Accounting for energy inflation and the time value of money properly sums the true cost of facility ownership and seeks to minimize the life cycle cost. Construction Costs The cost estimates are derived based on a preliminary understanding of the scope of each EEM as gathered during the walk-through audit. The construction costs for in-house labor are $60 per hour for work typically performed by maintenance staff and $110 per hour for contract labor. The cost estimate assumes the work will be performed as part of a larger renovation or energy efficiency upgrade project. When implementing EEMs, the cost estimate should be revisited once the scope and preferred method of performing the work has been determined. It is possible some EEMs will not provide a life cycle savings when the scope is finalized. Floyd Dryden Middle School 18 Energy Audit (March 2012) Maintenance Costs Maintenance costs are based on in-house or contract labor using historical maintenance efforts and industry standards. Maintenance costs over the 25-year life of each EEM are included in the life cycle cost calculation spreadsheets and represent the level of effort to maintain the systems. Energy Analysis The energy performance of an EEM is evaluated within the operating parameters of the building. A comprehensive energy audit would rely on a computer model of the building to integrate building energy systems and evaluate the energy savings of each EEM. This investment grade audit does not utilize a computer model, so energy savings are calculated with factors that account for the dynamic operation of the building. Energy savings and costs are estimated for the 25-year life of the EEM using appropriate factors for energy inflation. Prioritization Each EEM is prioritized based on the life cycle savings to investment ratio (SIR) using the following formula: Prioritization Factor = Life Cycle Savings / Capital Costs This approach factor puts significant weight on the capital cost of an EEM, making lower cost EEMs more favorable. Economic Factors The following economic factors are significant to the findings. Nominal Interest Rate: This is the nominal rate of return on an investment without regard to inflation. The analysis uses a rate of 5%. Inflation Rate: This is the average inflationary change in prices over time. The analysis uses an inflation rate of 2%. Economic Period: The analysis is based on a 25-year economic period with construction beginning in 2010. Fuel Oil Fuel oil currently costs $3.80 per gallon for a seasonally adjusted blend of #1 and #2 fuel oil. The analysis is based on 6% fuel oil inflation which has been the average for the past 20-years. Electricity Electricity is supplied by Alaska Electric Light & Power Company (AEL&P). The building is billed for electricity under AEL&P’s Rate 24. This rate charges for both electrical consumption (kWh) and peak electric demand (kW). Electrical consumption is the amount of energy consumed and electric demand is the rate of consumption. AEL&P determines the electric demand by averaging demand over a continuously sliding fifteen minute window. The highest fifteen minute average during the billing period determines the peak demand. The following table lists the electric charges, which includes a 24% rate hike that was recently approved: Floyd Dryden Middle School 19 Energy Audit (March 2012) AEL&P Small Government Rate with Demand Charge 1 On-peak (Nov-May) Off-peak (June-Oct) Energy Charge per kWh 6.11¢ 5.92¢ Demand Charge per kW $14.30 $9.11 Service Charge per month $99.24 $99.24 Over recent history, electricity inflation has been less than 1% per year, which has lagged general inflation. An exception is the recent 24% rate hike that was primarily due to construction of additional hydroelectric generation at Lake Dorothy. This project affords the community a surplus of power which should bring electric inflation back to the historic rate of 1% per year. Load growth from electric heat conversions is likely to increase generating and distribution costs, especially if diesel supplementation is needed. Combining these two factors contribute to an assumed electricity inflation rate of 3%. Summary The following table summarizes the energy and economic factors used in the analysis. Summary of Economic and Energy Factors Factor Rate or Cost Factor Rate or Cost Nominal Discount Rate 5% Electricity $0.112/kWh General Inflation Rate 2% Electricity Inflation 3% Fuel Oil Cost (2012) $3.80/gal Fuel Oil Inflation 6% Floyd Dryden Middle School 20 Energy Audit (March 2012) Appendix A Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis Floyd Dryden Middle School 21 Energy Audit (March 2012) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Floyd Dryden Middle School Basis Economic Study Period (years) 25 Nominal Discount Rate 5%General Inflation 2% Energy 2011 $/gal Fuel Inflation 2012 $/gal Fuel Oil $3.80 6% $4.03 Electricity $/kWh (2011)$/kW (2011)Inflation $/kWh (2012)$/kW (2012) w/ Demand Charges $0.061 $12.14 3% $0.063 $12.50 w/o Demand Charges $0.112 -3% $0.115 - EEM-4: Reduce Entrance Temperatures Energy Analysis Infiltration Estimate Component Area R-value dT MBH Hours kBtu η boiler Gallons Wall 720 15 -5 -0.2 6,480 -1,555 68%-17 Windows 220 0.5 -5 -2.2 6,480 -14,256 68%-151 Doors 231 1 -5 -1.2 6,480 -7,484 68%-79 -247 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Turn down thermostats 0 5 ea $15 $75 Energy Costs Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -247 gal $4.03 ($28,241) Net Present Worth ($28,200) EEM-5: Operate Electric Hot Water Heater Energy Analysis Fuel Oil Gal/day Days/yr Gallons kBtu kWh η boiler Gallons 400 180 72,000 36,000 11,723 68% -382 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Operate electric hot water heater 0 1 LS $100 $100 Energy Costs Electric Energy (Effective Cost) 1 - 25 11,723 kWh $0.115 $26,585 Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -382 gal $4.03 ($43,642) Net Present Worth ($17,000) Floyd Dryden Middle School 22 Energy Audit (March 2012) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Floyd Dryden Middle School EEM-6: Install Pipe Insulation Energy Analysis Service Size Length Bare BTUH Insul BTUH Factor kBtu η boiler Gallons Heating 2.00 25 154 15 100% -22,518 68%-239 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Pipe Insulation 2"0 25 lnft $9 $225 Estimating contingency 0 15%$34 Overhead & profit 0 30%$78 Design fees 0 10%$34 Project management 0 8%$30 Energy Costs Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -239 gal $4.03 ($27,298) Net Present Worth ($26,900) EEM-7: Room 105 - Turn Off Unit Heater Energy Analysis Loss, BTUH Number Factor Loss, kBTU Boiler Effic Fuel, gals -2,500 1 25% -5,475 70% -58 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Turn off unit heater 0 1 ea $100 $100 Energy Costs Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -58 gal $4.03 ($6,615) Net Present Worth ($6,500) EEM-8: Insulate Expansion Tank Energy Analysis Service Size Length Bare BTUH Insul BTUH Factor kBtu η boiler Gallons EX Tank 0.50 4 1,100 77 100% -26,516 68%-282 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Insualte expansion tank 0 1 ea $500 $500 Energy Costs Electric Energy 1 - 25 kWh $0.063 $0 Electric Demand 1 - 25 kW $12.50 $0 Electric Energy (Effective Cost)1 - 25 kWh $0.115 $0 Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -282 gal $4.03 ($32,145) Net Present Worth ($31,600) Floyd Dryden Middle School 23 Energy Audit (March 2012) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Floyd Dryden Middle School EEM-9: Install Exhaust Fan Timers Energy Analysis Fan CFM Tave Trm Hours MBH kBtu η boiler Gallons REF-2 400 40 60 864 -9 -7,603 68%-81 Storage 215 750 40 60 864 -17 -14,256 68%-151 -232 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Install timers 0 2 LS $250 $500 Energy Costs Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -232 gal $4.03 ($26,499) Net Present Worth ($26,000) EEM-10: Replace Lavatory Aerators Energy Analysis η boiler 68% Fixture Existing Proposed Uses/day Days Water,Gals % HW kBTU Gallons Lavatories 0.3 0.2 1,800 180 -58,320 80% -31,129 -331 -58,320 -331 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Replace lavatory aerators 0 33 ea $35 $1,155 Energy Costs Water 1 - 25 -58 kgals $10.960 ($12,565) Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -331 gal $4.03 ($37,737) Net Present Worth ($49,100) EEM-11: Install Electrical Room 134 Heat Recovery Energy Analysis Number kVA ηold KW kWh Factor kBtu η boiler Gallons 1 30 96.8% -1.0 -8,410 60% -17,216 68% -183 1 45 97.2% -1.3 -11,038 60% -22,596 68% -240 -423 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Install ductwork and grille to hallway 0 1 LS $2,500 $2,500 Energy Costs Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -423 gal $4.03 ($48,263) Net Present Worth ($45,800) Gallons per Use Floyd Dryden Middle School 24 Energy Audit (March 2012) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Floyd Dryden Middle School EEM-12: Optimize Boiler Operation Energy Analysis Annual Gal % Savings Savings, Gal 25,600 -2.0% -512 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Optimize boiler controls 0 1 LS $5,000 $5,000 Energy Costs Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -512 gal $4.03 ($58,456) Net Present Worth ($53,500) EEM-13: Install Server Room Heat Recovery Energy Analysis Heat Recovery MBH Hours Loss, kBtu Factor Recovery, kBtu η boiler Gallons -9 6,480 -55,274 75% -41,456 68% -440 Fan Cost HP kW Hours kWh 0.25 0.2 6,480 1,209 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Install exhaust fan and ductowrk to gym 0 1 LS $3,200 $3,200 Electrical 0 1 LS $700 $700 Estimating contingency 0 15%$585 Overhead & profit 0 30%$1,346 Design fees 0 10%$583 Project management 0 8%$513 Energy Costs Electric Energy 1 - 25 1,209 kWh $0.063 $1,493 Electric Demand 1 - 25 60.0 kW $12.50 $14,748 Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -440 gal $4.03 ($50,256) Net Present Worth ($27,100) Floyd Dryden Middle School 25 Energy Audit (March 2012) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Floyd Dryden Middle School EEM-14: Optimize Ventilation Systems Energy Analysis Fan Case CFM ΔP η, fan BHP η, motor kW Hours kWh AHU-1 Existing -11,150 3.50 55% -11 92%-9 1,620 -14,664 Optimized 9,000 2.00 55%5 93%4 1,620 6,691 ASU-2 Existing -2,800 1.50 55%-1 89%-1 1,800 -1,813 Optimized 2,800 1.50 55%1 89%1 1,628 1,639 -5 -8,146 Ventilation SA CFM MAT T,room MBH Hours kBtu η boiler Gallons EF-1 Existing -2,300 55 65 -25 1,620 -40,241 68%-427 EF-1/2 Existing -3,720 55 65 -40 1,620 -65,085 68%-691 EF-4 Optimized -1,000 55 65 -11 720 -7,776 68%-83 SF-2 Existing -14,500 60 68 -125 1,620 -202,954 68%-2,155 Optimized 14,500 65 68 47 1,620 76,108 68%808 EF-2 Existing -2,000 60 68 -17 1,620 -27,994 68%-297 Optimized 1,000 60 68 9 1,620 13,997 68%149 -253,945 -2,696 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs EF-1/EF-2 heat recovery 0 1 ea $28,000 $28,000 Remove AHU-1 turnvanes 0 1 ea $1,500 $1,500 Controls Control EAD from pressure sensor 0 7 ea $3,000 $21,000 Change control sequence 0 8 ea $500 $4,000 Install CO2 sensor override of mixing dampers 0 1 ea $3,000 $3,000 Install VFD 0 3 LS $7,500 $22,500 Estimating contingency 0 15% $12,000 Overhead & profit 0 30% $27,600 Design fees 0 10% $11,960 Project management 0 8% $10,525 Energy Costs Electric Energy 1 - 25 -8,146 kWh $0.063 ($10,062) Electric Demand 1 - 25 -59 kW $12.50 ($14,517) Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -2,696 gal $4.03 ($307,850) Net Present Worth ($190,300) Floyd Dryden Middle School 26 Energy Audit (March 2012) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Floyd Dryden Middle School EEM-15: Replace Single Pane Glazing Energy Analysis Component Area R,exist R,new ΔT MBH kBtu η boiler Gallons Windows 2,172 0.50 2.8 25 -89.2 -578,062 68%-6,138 Door 224 0.50 2.8 25 -9.2 -59,616 68%-633 -98.4 -637,678 -6,771 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Replace window glazing unit 0 2,172 sqft $85 $184,620 Replace door glazing unit 0 224 sqft $85 $19,040 Estimating contingency 0 15% $30,549 Overhead & profit 0 30% $70,263 Design fees 0 10% $30,447 Project management 0 8% $26,794 Energy Costs Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -6,771 gal $4.03 ($773,040) Net Present Worth ($411,300) EEM-16: Install Occupancy Sensors Energy Analysis # Fixtures Lamp Lamp, watts Fixture Watts Hours, exist Hours, new Savings, kWh 63 2T12 80 92 1,800 720 -6,260 Lamp Replacement # Fixtures Lamp # Lamps Life, hrs Lamps//yr $/lamp $/Replace 63 2T12 1 36,000 -1.89 $4 $15 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Install wall-type occupancy sensors 0 9 LS $350 $3,150 Estimating contingency 0 15%$473 Overhead & profit 0 30%$1,087 Design fees 0 10%$471 Project management 0 8%$414 Annual Costs Existing lamp replacement, 70 watt MH 1 - 25 -1.89 lamps $26.00 ($837) Energy Costs Electric Energy 1 - 25 -6,260 kWh $0.063 ($7,731) Net Present Worth ($3,000) Floyd Dryden Middle School 27 Energy Audit (March 2012) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Floyd Dryden Middle School EEM-17: Upgrade Transformer Energy Analysis Number kVA ηold ηnew KW kWh 1 75 97.4% 98.7% -1.0 -8,541 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Replace transformer, kVA 75 0 1 LS $10,400 $10,400 Estimating contingency 0 15%$1,560 Overhead & profit 0 30%$3,588 Design fees 0 10%$1,555 Project management 0 8%$1,368 Energy Costs Electric Energy 1 - 25 -8,541 kWh $0.063 ($10,549) Electric Demand 1 - 25 -12 kW $12.50 ($2,876) Net Present Worth $5,000 EEM-18: Replace Roof Insulation Energy Analysis Component Area R,exist R,new ΔT MBH kBtu η boiler Gallons Roof 31,500 15 54 30 -45.5 -294,840 68%-3,131 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Replace IRMA roof with a roof insulation 0 31,500 sqft $25 $787,500 Estimating contingency 0 15% $118,125 Overhead & profit 0 30% $271,688 Design fees 0 10% $117,731 Project management 0 8% $103,604 Energy Costs Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -3,131 gal $4.03 ($357,426) Net Present Worth $1,041,200 Floyd Dryden Middle School 28 Energy Audit (March 2012) Appendix B Energy and Utility Data Floyd Dryden Middle School 29 Energy Audit (March 2012) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Billing Data 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Floyd Dryden Middle School ELECTRIC RATE Electricity ($ / kWh )0.0611 0.0592 Demand ( $ / kW )14.30 9.11 Customer Charge ( $ / mo )99.24 99.24 Sales Tax ( % )0.0% 0.0% ELECTRICAL CONSUMPTION AND DEMAND kWh kW kWh kW kWh kW kWh kW Jan 47,910 154.0 41,850 150.7 37,180 150.4 34,160 147.0 40,275 Feb 55,560 160.9 47,220 153.7 40,650 145.4 39,680 146.9 45,778 Mar 51,350 157.4 42,080 150.7 42,190 146.1 40,190 149.4 43,953 Apr 47,100 146.7 40,450 148.9 34,900 143.5 35,630 142.1 39,520 May 51,360 145.2 34,130 144.7 37,310 141.9 38,130 146.2 40,233 Jun 34,870 149.3 22,200 124.8 31,340 144.3 31,730 133.4 30,035 Jul 16,650 51.6 18,210 62.1 20,180 76.9 19,340 84.6 18,595 Aug 18,250 75.3 18,450 75.0 13,380 40.5 13,400 64.2 15,870 Sep 37,930 141.6 28,880 131.7 30,440 141.6 34,880 139.2 33,033 Oct 44,330 154.7 43,200 144.7 40,380 151.0 40,290 147.7 42,050 Nov 47,100 154.5 42,520 147.4 41,960 153.1 40,150 152.1 42,933 Dec 48,670 156.0 41,560 148.9 44,000 156.8 45,220 150.8 44,863 Total 501,080 420,750 413,910 412,800 437,135 Average 41,757 137 35,063 132 34,493 133 34,400 134 36,428 Load Factor 41.7% 36.4% 35.6% 35.3% 134 ELECTRIC BILLING DETAILS Month Energy Demand Cust & Tax Total Energy Demand Cust & Tax Total % Change Jan 2,272 2,151 99 4,522 2,087 2,102 99 4,289 -5.2% Feb 2,484 2,079 99 4,662 2,424 2,101 99 4,624 -0.8% Mar 2,578 2,089 99 4,766 2,456 2,136 99 4,691 -1.6% Apr 2,132 2,052 99 4,284 2,177 2,032 99 4,308 0.6% May 2,280 2,029 99 4,408 2,330 2,091 99 4,520 2.5% Jun 1,915 1,315 99 3,329 1,939 1,215 99 3,253 -2.3% Jul 1,233 701 99 2,033 1,182 771 99 2,052 0.9% Aug 818 369 99 1,286 819 585 99 1,503 16.9% Sep 1,860 1,290 99 3,249 2,131 1,268 99 3,499 7.7% Oct 2,467 1,376 99 3,942 2,462 1,346 99 3,907 -0.9% Nov 2,564 2,189 99 4,852 2,453 2,175 99 4,727 -2.6% Dec 2,688 2,242 99 5,030 2,763 2,156 99 5,019 -0.2% Total $ 25,290 $ 19,882 $ 1,191 $ 46,362 $ 25,222 $ 19,978 $ 1,191 $ 46,391 0.1% Average $ 2,107 $ 1,657 $ 99 $ 3,864 $ 2,102 $ 1,665 $ 99 $ 3,866 0.1% Cost ($/kWh) $0.112 54% 43% 3% $0.112 0.3% Electrical costs are based on the current electric rates. 2009 2010 2010 AEL&P Electric Rate 24 On-Peak Nov-May Off-peak Jun-Oct Month 2007 2008 2009 Average Floyd Dryden Middle School 30 Energy Audit (March 2012) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Annual Electric Consumption 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Floyd Dryden Middle School 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecElectric Use (kWh)Month of the Year Electric Use History 2007 2008 2009 2010 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 140.0 160.0 180.0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecElectric Demand (kW)Month of the Year Electric Demand History 2007 2008 2009 2010 Floyd Dryden Middle School 31 Energy Audit (March 2012) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Electric Cost 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Floyd Dryden Middle School 2010 $ 0 $ 1,000 $ 2,000 $ 3,000 $ 4,000 $ 5,000 $ 6,000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecElectric Cost (USD)Month of the Year Electric Cost Breakdown 2010 Electric Use (kWh) Costs Electric Demand (kW) Costs Customer Charge and Taxes 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 140.0 160.0 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000 50,000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Electric Demand (kW)Electric Use (kWh)Month of the Year Electric Use and Demand Comparison 2010 Electric Use Electric Demand Floyd Dryden Middle School 32 Energy Audit (March 2012) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Annual Fuel Oil Consumption 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Floyd Dryden Middle School Year Fuel Oil Degree Days 2007 29,499 9,282 2008 22,996 9,093 2009 27,052 9,284 2010 23,006 9,013 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 2007 2008 2009 2010 Degree DaysGallons of Fuel OilYear Annual Fuel Oil Use Fuel Oil Degree Days Floyd Dryden Middle School 33 Energy Audit (March 2012) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Annual Water Consumption 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Floyd Dryden Middle School Year Water 2007 396,000 2008 384,000 2009 360,000 2010 912,000 0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 700,000 800,000 900,000 1,000,000 2007 2008 2009 2010Gallons of WaterYear Annual Water  Use Floyd Dryden Middle School 34 Energy Audit (March 2012) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Billing Data 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Annual Energy Consumption and Cost Energy Cost $/MMBtu Area ECI EUI Fuel Oil $3.80 $39.20 75,486 $1.94 66 Electricity $0.112 $34.67 Source Cost Electricity 437,135 kWh $49,100 1,500 30% Fuel Oil 25,638 Gallons $97,400 3,500 70% Totals $146,500 5,000 100% Annual Energy Consumption and Cost Consumption Energy, MMBtu $0.00 $5.00 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 $25.00 $30.00 $35.00 $40.00 $45.00 Fuel Oil ElectricityCost $ / MMBtuCost of Heat Comparison Floyd Dryden Middle School 35 Energy Audit (March 2012) Appendix C Equipment Data Floyd Dryden Middle School 36 Energy Audit (March 2012) MotorHP / Volts / RPM / 6CF-1 Art RoomExhaustGaylord MCF-130A1600 SCFM 1 HP/ 480VKiln Art RoomKilnL1 Kilns JD2309148 Watt 208VB-1 Boiler Room BoilerWeil McLain 15883820 MBHWeishanpt BurnerB-2 Boiler Room BoilerWeil McLain 15883820 MBHWeishanpt BurnerHWH-1 Boiler Room Hot Water Heater AO Smith HD48-500A500 GallonIndirect Hot Water HeaterHWH-2 Boiler Room Hot Water Heater AO Smith DSE-8080 Gallon9000 Watts/ Turned OffP-1 Boiler Room Boiler 1 Pump B&G 60 Series100 GPM1 HP/ 480 V/ 1725 RPM/ 78.5%15' Head PressureP-2 Boiler Room Boiler 2 Pump B&G 60 Series100 GPM1 HP/ 480 V/ 1725 RPM/ 78.5%15' Head PressureP-3A Boiler Room Main Heating Loop B&G 1510 Series300 GPM5 HP/ 480 V/ 1160 RPM/ 90.2%36' Head PressureP-3B Boiler Room Main Heating Loop B&G 1510 Series300 GPM5 HP/ 480 V/ 1160 RPM/ 90.2%36' Head PressureP-4 Boiler RoomHot Water Return PumpB&G MBF 1854 GPM 1/25 HP/ 115V12' Head PressureP-5 Boiler Room Radiant Heat B&G6 GPM 1/25 HP/ 115V12' Head PressureSF-4 Boiler Room Supply Air Greenheck BCF-112-7TH-X 2000 CFM 3/4 HP/ 208 VSet at 80 Degree FT-1 Boiler RoomTransformer Panel 2A1Cuttler HammerV48M28T15CUEE 15 KVA TP-1 RatedT-2 Boiler RoomTransformer Panel 2SACuttler HammerV48M28T15CUEE 15 KVA TP-1 RatedAC-1 Data 116CoolingMitsubishi MS 17TN16000 BYU/HR 115 VNot Used Floyd Dryden Middle School - Major Equipment InventoryCapacityNotesUnit IDLocation Function Make Model Floyd Dryden Middle School 37 Energy Audit (March 2012) MotorHP / Volts / RPM / Floyd Dryden Middle School - Major Equipment InventoryCapacityNotesUnit IDLocation Function Make ModelCC-1 Data 116CoolingMitsubishi MS 17TN16000 BYU/HR 208VNot UsedREF-4 Data 116CoolingGreenheck GB081-4330 CFM 1/4 HP/ 115VNot UsedT-3 Electric Room 104Transformer Panel 2SACuttler HammerV48M28T15CUEE 15 KVA TP-1 RatedT-4 Electric Room 134 Transformer 2A/4ACuttler HammerV48M28T45CUEE 45 KVA TP-1 RatedT-5 Electric Room 134 Transformer CP-1 Square D 75T3HB75 KVA Non TP-1 RatedT-8 Gym Storage Transformer 2SB/4SBCuttler HammerV48M28T15CUEE 15 KVA TP-1 RatedEF-8 Mechnical 08 Janitor Closet 09150 CFM 1/8 HP/ 120 VRF-3 Mechnical 08 Area ETrane AFSW276000 CFM1.5 HP/ 480 V/1740 RPM/ 86.5%SF-3 Mechnical 08 Area ETrane AFDW 17 6095 CFM3 HP/480 V/ 1760 RPM/89.5%T-9 Mechnical 08 Transformer 22Cuttler HammerV48M28T30CUEE 30 KVA TP-1 RatedAHU-1 Mechnical 105M Area ATrane FC 2211150 CFM15 HP/ 480V/ 1730 RPM/ 93%No VFDEF-1 Mechnical PenthouseCenter Administration Greenheck SWB-115-7-CCW-UB 1720 CFM 3/4 HP/ 480 VEF-2 Mechnical Penthouse Gym Lockers GreenheckSWG-116-10-CCW-BHX2000 CFM 3/4 HP/ 480 VEF-3 Mechnical Penthouse East Classrooms GreenheckSWG-116-10-CCW-BHX2300 CFM 1 HP/ 480 VRF-1 Mechnical Penthouse Area DTrane AFSW 4013000 CFM7.5 HP/ 480 V/ 1760 RPM/ 91%RF-2 Mechnical Penthouse Area DTrane AFSW 3611000 CFM5 HP/ 480 V/ 1745 RPM/ 89.5%Floyd Dryden Middle School 38 Energy Audit (March 2012) MotorHP / Volts / RPM / Floyd Dryden Middle School - Major Equipment InventoryCapacityNotesUnit IDLocation Function Make ModelSF-1 Mechnical Penthouse Area DTrane AFDW 3318500 CFM15 HP/ 480V/ 1760 RPM/ 93%SF-2 Mechnical Penthouse Area DTrane AFDW 3014500 CFM10 HP/ 480 V/ 1755 RPM/ 91.7%T-6 Mechnical Penthouse Transformer DCuttler HammerV48M28T75CUEE 75 KVA TP-1 RatedEF-4 RoofCommons 105 Greenheck GB-101-5-X1000 CFM 1/2 HP/ 480 VEF-5 RoofCooking 204 Greenheck GB-101-5-X1200 CFM 1/2 HP/120 VEF-6 RoofElectrical 134 Greenheck GB-071-6-X250 CFM 1/4 HP/ 120 VEF-7 RoofBoiler Room/ Storage 215/ Electrical 104Greenheck GB-101-3-X750 CFM 1/3 HP/ 120 VEF-9 RoofJanitor 3A, Girls 122, Boys 124Greenheck Cube-141-5-X 1100 CFM 1/2 HP/ 120 VAlso labled EF-1AREF RoofGym Hallway, BathroomN/A205 CFM 1/6 HPRunningREF-1A RoofArt RoomGreenheck CUBE-14-3N/AREF-2 Roof114 Storage/ Teachers Office/ Janitor Closet VentilatorN/A CRE-6FRunning-Manual Switch in HallREF-3 Roof Not Used N/A CRE-12F 1/6 HP/ 115VNot Running - Manual Switch on RoofREF-4 Roof Not Used N/A CRE-18BNot Running - Manual Switch in Hall ASU-1 Storage 112 Area C Trane 1200 CFM 3/4 HP/ 480 V/ 1750 RPM Behind Gym- Not UsedASU-2 Storage 117 Area C Trane Climate Changer 2800 CFM 1.5 HP/ 480 VASU-3 Storage 117 Area C Trane Climate Changer 850 CFM 3/4 HP/ 480 VT-7 Transformer CCuttler Hammer720P11S50CUEE 50 KVA TP-1 Rated Floyd Dryden Middle School 39 Energy Audit (March 2012) Appendix D Abbreviations AHU Air handling unit BTU British thermal unit BTUH BTU per hour CBJ City and Borough of Juneau CMU Concrete masonry unit CO2 Carbon dioxide CUH Cabinet unit heater DDC Direct digital controls DHW Domestic hot water EAD Exhaust air damper EEM Energy efficiency measure EF Exhaust fan Gyp Bd Gypsum board HVAC Heating, Ventilating, Air- conditioning HW Hot water HWRP Hot water recirculating pump KVA Kilovolt-amps kW Kilowatt kWh Kilowatt-hour LED Light emitting diode MBH 1,000 Btu per hour MMBH 1,000,000 Btu per hour OAD Outside air damper PSI Per square inch PSIG Per square inch gage RAD Return air damper RF Return fan SIR Savings to investment ratio SF Supply fan UV Unit ventilator VAV Variable air volume VFD Variable frequency drive Floyd Dryden Middle School 40 Energy Audit (March 2012)