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HomeMy WebLinkAboutSEA-AEE-JNU Hazmat Salt Storage 2012-EE Salt Storage Warehouse City and Borough of Juneau Funded by: Final Report October 2011 Prepared by: Energy Audit Table of Contents Section 1: Executive Summary 2  Section 2: Introduction 5  Section 3: Energy Efficiency Measures 7  Section 4: Description of Systems 10  Section 5: Methodology 12  Appendix A: Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 15  Appendix B: Energy and Utility Data 18  Appendix C: Equipment Data 24  Appendix D: Abbreviations 26 Audit Team The energy audit is performed by Alaska Energy Engineering LLC of Juneau, Alaska.  Jim Rehfeldt, P.E., Energy Engineer  Jack Christiansen, Energy Consultant  Brad Campbell, Energy Auditor  Loras O’Toole P.E., Mechanical Engineer  Will Van Dyken P.E., Electrical Engineer  Curt Smit, P.E., Mechanical Engineer  Philip Iverson, Construction Estimator  Karla Hart, Technical Publications Specialist  Jill Carlile, Data Analyst  Grayson Carlile, Energy Modeler Salt Storage Warehouse 1 FINAL Energy Audit (October 2011) Section 1 Executive Summary An energy audit of the Salt Storage Warehouse was performed by Alaska Energy Engineering LLC. The investment grade audit was funded by Alaska Housing Finance Corporation (AHFC) to identify opportunities to improve the energy performance of public buildings throughout Alaska. The Salt Storage Warehouse is an 8,220 square foot building that contains warehouse spaces, hazardous storage, and an electrical room for support of the Public Works operations. The building is unoccupied. Building use consists primarily of community hazmat collection and disposal. This event occurs approximately eight times per year. The heating set point in the conditioned spaces is 50°F. Building Assessment The following summarizes our assessment of the building. Envelope The exterior of the building is in very good condition and reflects good care and maintenance. The door weather stripping should be replaced, and it should be noted that the exterior man doors and overhead doors are non-insulated and non-thermally broken. Future door replacements should include these features and insulated overhead doors should be considered in heated spaces. The frame on the overhead door in hazardous waste collection storage frame is damaged at the point it makes contact with the ground at the center of the door opening. This results in a direct path for infiltration and heat loss. The Street Maintenance & Equipment Bay has been converted to a heated space. However, the opening between the newly heated Street Maintenance & Equipment Storage Bay and the unheated Street Maintenance Warehouse is separated by a tarp. During the inspection the tarp was rolled up and not even separating the space. The addition of an insulated roll-up or overhead door between these spaces would save energy. There is a section of the main bay ceiling where the insulation has separated. This should be repaired to save energy and to prevent condensation damage to building. A CO2 sensor could be added to the main bay to operate the exhaust fans. This would ensure adequate ventilation when vehicles are operating within the space and would help save energy by minimizing ventilation when not necessary. Heating System The building is heated by electric unit heaters in all of the originally heated spaces and a Monitor fuel oil heater in the Street Maintenance & Equipment Storage bay. The electric heating units are oversized, creating higher demand charges while delivering the same amount of heat as a properly sized heater. Salt Storage Warehouse 2 FINAL Energy Audit (October 2011) Ventilation System The spaces are ventilated by wall exhaust and supply fans in all spaces. Two issues were noted:  The Flammable Fluids Storage Room was designed with a wall exhaust fan EF-1, however the fan was not installed and an exhaust louver was installed in its place. As a result, the inoperable exhaust louver only provides a path for heat loss and creates an uninsulated wall space.  The damper blades on the exhaust air damper in hazardous waste collection storage cannot physically open inward to supply make up air to the space when the exhaust fan is operating. This was not the original design intent of the louver as the exhaust fan was originally designed as a supply air fan for the space. As a result, the inoperable damper louver only provides a path for heat loss and is an uninsulated wall space. Lighting Interior lighting consists of (30) 250-watt and (12) 400-watt metal halide units and (3) 2-bulb 32-watt T-8 fixtures. The lighting is manually controlled, and split lighting zones are used in the Street Maintenance Warehouse and Household Hazardous Waste Collection Center (HHWCC) Storage bays. Exterior lighting consists of (10) 35-watt high pressure sodium wall fixtures and (2) 250-watt metal halide fixtures under the canopy with integral photocell control, and an additional (10) 250-watt metal halide lights under the canopy that are on two zones. Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs) All buildings have opportunities to improve their energy efficiency. The energy audit revealed several opportunities in which an efficiency investment will result in a net reduction in long-term operating costs. This building has a higher percentage of behavioral and operational EEMs due to the age of the building and lack of renovations over its life. Behavioral and Operational EEMs The following EEMs require behavioral and operational changes in the building use. The savings are not readily quantifiable but these EEMs are highly recommended as low-cost opportunities that are a standard of high performance buildings. EEM-1: Repair Ceiling Insulation in HHWCC Storage EEM-2: Reconfigure Exhaust Air Damper EEM-3: Repair Overhead Door EEM-4: Modify Exhaust Louver EEM-5: Weather-strip Doors EEM-6: Repair Foam Insulation Salt Storage Warehouse 3 FINAL Energy Audit (October 2011) High and Medium Priority EEMs The following EEMs are recommended for investment. All have essentially the same life cycle savings to investment ratio (SIR). Negative values, in parenthesis, represent savings. Life Cycle Cost Analysis Investment Operating Energy Total SIR EEM-7: Install Properly Sized Heating Units $9,500 $0 ($31,900) ($22,400) 3.4 EEM-8: Modify Lighting Circuit $250 $0 ($800) ($600) 3.2 EEM-9: Install Overhead Door $4,500 $0 ($14,800) ($10,300) 3.3 Total* $14,250 $0 ($47,500) ($33,300) 3.3 * The analysis is based on each EEM being independent of the others. While it is likely that some EEMs are interrelated, an isolated analysis is used to demonstrate the economics because the audit team is not able to predict which EEMs an Owner may choose to implement. If several EEMs are implemented, the resulting energy savings is likely to differ from the sum of each EEM projection. Summary The energy audit revealed several opportunities for improving the energy performance of the building. It is recommended that EEMs 1 through 9 be implemented as soon as possible to generate energy savings. The AHFC’s revolving loan fund for public buildings will loan money for energy improvements under terms that allow for paying back the money from the energy savings. More information on this option can be found online at http://www.ahfc.us/loans/akeerlf_loan.cfm. Salt Storage Warehouse 4 FINAL Energy Audit (October 2011) Section 2 Introduction This report presents the findings of an energy audit of the Salt Storage Warehouse located in Juneau, Alaska. The purpose of this investment grade energy audit is to evaluate the infrastructure and its subsequent energy performance to identify applicable energy efficiencies measures (EEMs). The energy audit report contains the following sections:  Introduction: Background information on building use and energy consumption.  Energy Efficiency Measures: Priority ranking of the EEMs with a description, energy analysis, and life cycle cost analysis.  Description of Systems: Background description of the building energy systems.  Methodology: Basis for how construction and maintenance cost estimates are derived and the economic and energy factors used for the analysis. BUILDING USE The 8,220 square foot Salt Storage Building contains warehouse spaces, hazardous storage, and an electrical room for support of the Public Works operations. The building is unoccupied. Building use consists primarily of community hazmat collection and disposal. This event occurs approximately eight times per year. The heating set point in the conditioned spaces is 50 F. History The building was constructed in 1996. There have been no changes to the original construction. Energy and Water Consumption The building energy sources include an electric service and a fuel oil tank. Electricity is used for the majority of the heating loads while fuel oil serves the Street Maintenance & Equipment Storage bay. The following table shows annual energy use and cost. Annual Energy Consumption and Cost Source Consumption Cost Energy, MMBtu Electricity 88,165 kWh $8,200 301 88% Fuel Oil 313 Gallons $1,100 42 12% Totals - $9,300 343 100% Salt Storage Warehouse 5 FINAL Energy Audit (October 2011) Electricity The following chart shows electrical energy use from 2007 to 2010. The trend is typical of electrically heated buildings with considerably lower use during summer months. The effective cost—energy costs plus demand charges—is 11.7¢ per kWh. Fuel Oil The following chart compares shows heating energy use from 2007 to 2010. Fuel oil is used to heat the Street Maintenance & Equipment Storage bay. This variation in fuel oil is due to variations in heating requirements for this area. The current cost of fuel oil (August 2011) is $3.23 per gallon. Assuming a fuel oil conversion efficiency of 70% and an electric boiler conversion efficiency of 95%, oil heat at $3.23 per gallon equates to electric heat at 10.8¢ per kWh. Since the cost of electricity prior to the recently approved permanent rate hike was 11.7¢ per kWh, fuel oil heat is currently less expensive than electric heat. Water Water consumption is not metered. Salt Storage Warehouse 6 FINAL Energy Audit (October 2011) Section 3 Energy Efficiency Measures The following energy efficiency measures (EEMs) were identified during the energy audit. The EEMs are priority ranked and, where applicable, subjected to energy and life cycle cost analysis. Appendix B contains the energy and life cycle cost analysis spreadsheets. The EEMs are grouped into the following prioritized categories:  Behavioral or Operational: EEMs that require minimal capital investment but require operational or behavioral changes. The EEMs provide a life cycle savings but an analysis is not performed because the guaranteed energy savings is difficult quantify.  High Priority: EEMs that require a small capital investment and offer a life cycle savings. Also included in this category are higher cost EEMs that offer significant life cycle savings.  Medium Priority: EEMs that require a significant capital investment to provide a life cycle savings. Many medium priority EEMs provide a high life cycle savings and offer substantial incentive to increase investment in building energy efficiency.  Low Priority: EEMs that will save energy but do not provide a life cycle savings. BEHAVIORAL OR OPERATIONAL The following EEMs are recommended for implementation. They require behavioral or operational changes that can occur with minimal investment to achieve immediate savings. These EEMs are not easily quantified by analysis because they cannot be accurately predicted. They are recommended because they offer a life cycle savings, represent good practice, and are accepted features of high performance buildings. EEM-1: Repair Ceiling Insulation in HHWCC Storage Purpose: A section of insulation in the HHWCC storage area has pulled away from the ceiling and has exposed a section of metal roofing Scope: Repair the section of damaged insulation. EEM-2: Reconfigure Exhaust Air Damper Purpose: The damper blades on the exhaust air damper in the HHWCC storage area cannot physically open inward to supply make up air to the space when the exhaust fan is operating. This was not the original design intent of the louver as the exhaust fan was originally designed as a supply air fan for the space. As a result, the inoperable damper louver only provides a path for heat loss and is an uninsulated wall space. Scope: Remove and reinstall the damper as an intake damper, or fill the space behind the damper with insulated blue foam board. Salt Storage Warehouse 7 FINAL Energy Audit (October 2011) EEM-3: Repair Overhead Door Purpose: The frame on the overhead door in the HHWCC storage area is damaged at the point it makes contact with the ground at the center of the door opening. This results in a direct path for infiltration and heat loss. Scope: Repair the damaged frame piece. EEM-4: Modify Exhaust Louver Purpose: The Flammable Fluids Storage Room was designed with a wall exhaust fan EF-1. However, the fan was not installed; an exhaust louver is installed in its place. As a result, the inoperable exhaust louver only provides a path for heat loss and creates an uninsulated wall space. Scope: Either replace the faulty exhaust louvers with a properly positioned intake air louver, or fill the louver opening with rigid XPS board insulation. EEM-5: Weather-strip Doors Purpose: Energy will be saved if doors are properly weather-stripped to reduce infiltration. Scope: Install new weather-stripping on doors. EEM-6: Repair Foam Insulation Purpose: Energy will be saved if foam insulation is properly installed in exhaust fan opening. The insulation has fallen out of the opening. Scope: Properly install foam insulation. HIGH PRIORITY The following EEMs are recommended for implementation because they are low cost measures that have a high savings to investment ratio. Note negative values, in parenthesis, represent savings. EEM-7: Install Properly Sized Heating Units Purpose: The electric heating units are oversized, creating higher demand charges while delivering the same amount of heat as a properly sized heater. Demand charges will be reduced if properly sized heaters are installed. Scope: Replace oversized heating units with properly sized heaters. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($1,820) ($1,820) $9,500 $0 ($31,900) ($22,400) 3.4 Salt Storage Warehouse 8 FINAL Energy Audit (October 2011) EEM-8: Modify Lighting Circuit Purpose: Energy will be saved if the egress light fixture in the electric room is removed from a circuit that powers it continuously to the room lighting circuit. There is no apparent reason for this fixture to be continuously on. Scope: Connect egress light fixture to the room lighting circuit so it is off most of the time. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($50) ($50) $250 $0 ($800) ($600) 3.2 MEDIUM PRIORITY Medium priority ECOs will require planning and a higher level of investment. They are recommended because they offer a life cycle savings. Note negative values, in parenthesis, represent savings. EEM-9: Install Overhead Door Purpose: The Street Maintenance & Equipment Bay has been converted to a heated space. However, the opening between the newly heated Street Maintenance & Equipment Storage Bay and the unheated Street Maintenance Warehouse is separated by a tarp. During the inspection the tarp was rolled up and not even separating the space. Scope: Install an insulated overhead door between the spaces. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($520) ($520) $4,500 $0 ($14,800) ($10,300) 3.3 LOW PRIORITY Low priority EEMs do not offer a life cycle energy savings and are not recommended. EEM-10: Upgrade Transformer Purpose: Energy will be saved if the less-efficient transformer is replaced with energy efficient models that comply with NEMA Standard TP 1-2001. Scope: Replace less-efficient transformers with a NEMA Standard TP 1-2001compiant model. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($370) ($370) $8,200 $0 ($6,500) $1,700 0.8 Salt Storage Warehouse 9 FINAL Energy Audit (October 2011) Section 4 Description of Systems ENERGY SYSTEMS This section provides a general description of the building systems. Energy conservation opportunities are addressed in the Energy Efficiency Measure section of the report. Building Envelope The following table summarizes the existing envelope. Building Envelope R-value Component Description (inside to outside) Existing Optimal Exterior Walls Insulated Metal siding, 2x8 metal stud, full batt fill, ½” ply or gyp R-10 R-20 Non-Insulated Metal siding, 2x8 metal stud, ½” ply or gyp N/A Interior Walls (between storage/computer room and street maintenance warehouse bays) ½” gyp, 2x6 metal stud, R19 batt fill, ½” gyp R-10 R-20 Ceiling Metal roofing, R19 batt, metal purlins R-9.5 R-38 Doors Man door Metal frame with thermal break R-3 R-5 Overhead Non-insulated metal panel rollup door N/A R-10 Heating System The building is heated by electric unit heaters in all of the originally heated spaces and a Monitor fuel oil heater in the Street Maintenance & Equipment Storage bay. The Street Maintenance & Equipment Storage bay was not originally intended to be heated and has been partially insulated. Ventilation Systems The spaces are ventilated by wall exhaust and supply fans in all spaces. Domestic Hot Water System An electric hot water heater supplies the deep sink in the HHWCC Storage bay. The aerators on the deep sink are not water-conserving models. Salt Storage Warehouse 10 FINAL Energy Audit (October 2011) Automatic Control System The building electric unit heaters and the Monitor 2200 fuel oil heater are controlled by local thermostats, all set at 50 F. Thermostats are also used to control space ventilation fans, and they were all set at 70 F. Lighting Interior lighting consists of (30) 250-watt and (12) 400-watt metal halide units and (3) 2-bulb 32-watt T-8 fixtures. The lighting is manually controlled, and split lighting zones are used in the Street Maintenance Warehouse and HHWCC Storage bays. Exterior lighting consists of (10) 35-watt high pressure sodium wall fixtures and (2) 250-watt metal halide fixtures under the canopy with integral photocell control, and an additional (10) 250-watt metal halide lights under the canopy that are on two zones. Electric Equipment The building has a 3-hp air compressor in the Electric/Computer Room. Salt Storage Warehouse 11 FINAL Energy Audit (October 2011) Section 5 Methodology Information for the energy audit was gathered through on-site observations, review of construction documents, and interviews with operation and maintenance personnel. The EEMs are evaluated using energy and life cycle cost analyses and are priority ranked for implementation. Energy Efficiency Measures Energy efficiency measures are identified by evaluating the building’s energy systems and comparing them to systems in modern, high performance buildings. The process for identifying the EEMs acknowledges the realities of an existing building that was constructed when energy costs were much lower. Many of the opportunities used in modern high performance buildings—highly insulated envelopes, variable capacity mechanical systems, heat pumps, daylighting, lighting controls, etc.— simply cannot be economically incorporated into an existing building. The EEMs represent practical measures to improve the energy efficiency of the buildings, taking into full account the realities of limited budgets. If a future major renovation project were to occur, additional EEMs common to high performance buildings should be proposed. Life Cycle Cost Analysis The EEMs are evaluated using life cycle cost analysis which determines if an energy efficiency investment will provide a savings over a 25-year life. The analysis incorporates construction, replacement, maintenance and repair, and energy costs to determine the total cost over the life of the EEM. Future maintenance and energy cash flows are discounted to present worth using escalation factors for general inflation, energy inflation, and the value of money. The methodology is based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Handbook 135 – Life Cycle Cost Analysis. Life cycle cost analysis is preferred to simple payback for facilities that have long—often perpetual— service lives. Simple payback, which compares construction cost and present energy cost, is reasonable for short time periods of 2-4 years, but yields below optimal results over longer periods because it does not properly account for the time value of money or inflationary effects on operating budgets. Accounting for energy inflation and the time value of money properly sums the true cost of facility ownership and seeks to minimize the life cycle cost. Construction Costs The cost estimates are derived based on a preliminary understanding of the scope of each EEM as gathered during the walk-through audit. The construction costs for in-house labor are $60/hour for work typically performed by maintenance staff and $110.00 per hour for contract labor. The cost estimate assumes the work will be performed as part of a larger renovation or energy efficiency upgrade project. When implementing EEMs, the cost estimate should be revisited once the scope and preferred method of performing the work has been determined. It is possible some EEMs will not provide a life cycle savings when the scope is finalized. Salt Storage Warehouse 12 FINAL Energy Audit (October 2011) Maintenance Costs Maintenance costs are based on in-house or contract labor using historical maintenance efforts and industry standards. Maintenance costs over the 25-year life of each EEM are included in the life cycle cost calculation spreadsheets and represent the level of effort to maintain the systems. Energy Analysis The energy performance of an EEM is evaluated within the operating parameters of the building. A comprehensive energy audit would rely on a computer model of the building to integrate building energy systems and evaluate the energy savings of each EEM. This investment grade audit does not utilize a computer model, so energy savings are calculated with factors that account for the dynamic operation of the building. Energy savings and costs are estimated for the 25-year life of the EEM using appropriate factors for energy inflation. Prioritization Each EEM is prioritized based on the life cycle savings to investment ratio (SIR) using the following formula: Prioritization Factor = Life Cycle Savings / Capital Costs This factor puts significant weight on the capital cost of an EEM, making lower cost EEMs more favorable. Economic Factors The following economic factors are significant to the findings.  Nominal Interest Rate: This is the nominal rate of return on an investment without regard to inflation. The analysis uses a rate of 5%.  Inflation Rate: This is the average inflationary change in prices over time. The analysis uses an inflation rate of 2%.  Economic Period: The analysis is based on a 25-year Economic period with construction beginning in 2010. Fuel Oil Fuel oil currently costs $3.20 per gallon for a seasonally adjusted blend of #1 and #2 fuel oil. The analysis is based on 6% fuel oil inflation which has been the average for the past 20-years. Electricity Electricity is supplied by Alaska Electric Light & Power Company (AEL&P). The building is billed for electricity under AEL&P’s Rate 21D, Small Government with Demand. This rate charges for both electrical consumption (kWh) and peak electric demand (kW). Electrical consumption is the amount of energy consumed and electric demand is the rate of consumption. AEL&P determines the electric demand by averaging demand over a continuously sliding fifteen minute window. The highest fifteen minute average during the billing period determines the peak demand. The following table lists the electric charges, which include a recent 24% rate hike: Salt Storage Warehouse 13 FINAL Energy Audit (October 2011) AEL&P Small Government Rate with Demand Charge 1 On-peak (Nov-May) Off-peak (June-Oct) Energy Charge per kWh 6.43¢ 5.70¢ Demand Charge per kW $12.32 $8.24 Service Charge per month $27.16 $27.16 Over recent history, electricity inflation has been less than 1% per year, which has lagged general inflation. An exception is the 24% rate hike that was primarily due to construction of additional hydroelectric generation at Lake Dorothy. This project affords the community a surplus of power which should bring electric inflation back to the historic rate of 1% per year. Load growth from electric heat conversions is likely to increase generating and distribution costs, especially if diesel supplementation is needed. Combining these two factors contribute to an assumed electricity inflation rate of 3%. Summary The following table summarizes the energy and economic factors used in the analysis. Summary of Economic and Energy Factors Factor Rate or Cost Factor Rate or Cost Nominal Discount Rate 5% Electricity Current rates General Inflation Rate 2% Electricity Inflation 3% Fuel Oil Cost (2012) $3.42/gal Fuel Oil Inflation 6% Salt Storage Warehouse 14 FINAL Energy Audit (October 2011) Appendix A Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis Salt Storage Warehouse 15 FINAL Energy Audit (October 2011) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Salt Storage Warehouse Basis Economic Study Period (years) 25 Nominal Discount Rate 5%General Inflation 3% Energy 2011 $/gal Fuel Inflation 2012 $/gal Fuel Oil $3.23 6% $3.42 Electricity $/kWh (2011)$/kW (2011)Inflation $/kWh (2012)$/kW (2012) w/ Demand Charges $0.061 $10.62 2% $0.062 $10.83 w/o Demand Charges $0.102 -2% $0.102 - EEM-7: Install Properly Sized Heating Units Energy Analysis Heater kW, ex kW, new ΔkW UH-1 12.5 7.5 -5.0 UH-2 12.5 7.5 -5.0 UH-3 15 7.5 -7.5 UH-4 15 7.5 -7.5 UH-5 5 2 -3 Factor ΔkW -28 50% -14 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Replace unit heater, 7.5 kW 0 4 ea $2,000 $8,000 Replace unit heater, 2 kW 0 1 ea $1,500 $1,500 Annual Costs 1 - 25 $60.00 $0 Energy Costs Water 1 - 25 kgals $10.960 $0 Electric Energy 1 - 25 kWh $0.062 $0 Electric Demand 1 - 25 -168 kW $10.83 ($31,898) Electric Energy (Effective Cost)1 - 25 kWh $0.102 $0 Fuel Oil 1 - 25 gal $3.42 $0 Net Present Worth ($22,400) EEM-8: Modify Lighting Circuit Energy Analysis Watts Hours, exist Hours, new kW kWh 72 8,760 52 -0.07 -627 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Rewire light fixture 0 1 LS $250 $250 Annual Costs 1 - 25 $60.00 $0 Energy Costs Water 1 - 25 kgals $10.960 $0 Electric Energy 1 - 25 -627 kWh $0.062 ($684) Electric Demand 1 - 25 -0.9 kW $10.83 ($164) Electric Energy (Effective Cost)1 - 25 kWh $0.102 $0 Fuel Oil 1 - 25 gal $3.42 $0 Net Present Worth ($600) Salt Storage Warehouse 16 FINAL Energy Audit (October 2011) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Salt Storage Warehouse EEM-9: Install Overhead Door Energy Analysis Area R, exist R, new ΔT kBtu η, heater Gallons 120 0.50 4 10 -18,396 87% -153 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Install overhead door 0 1 LS $4,500 $4,500 Annual Costs 1 - 25 $60.00 $0 Energy Costs Water 1 - 25 kgals $10.960 $0 Electric Energy 1 - 25 kWh $0.062 $0 Electric Demand 1 - 25 kW $10.83 $0 Electric Energy (Effective Cost)1 - 25 kWh $0.102 $0 Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -153 gal $3.42 ($14,816) Net Present Worth ($10,300) EEM-10: Upgrade Transformer Energy Analysis KVA ηold ηnew KW Factor kWh 30 94.6% 97.3% -0.8 60% -4,257 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Replace transformer 0 1 LS $8,200 $8,200 Annual Costs 1 - 25 $60.00 $0 Energy Costs Electric Energy 1 - 25 -4,257 kWh $0.062 ($4,643) Electric Demand 1 - 25 -10 kW $10.83 ($1,846) Net Present Worth $1,700 Salt Storage Warehouse 17 FINAL Energy Audit (October 2011) Appendix B Energy and Utility Data Salt Storage Warehouse 18 FINAL Energy Audit (October 2011) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Billing Data 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Salt Storage Warehouse ELECTRIC RATE Electricity ($ / kWh )0.0665 0.0589 Demand ( $ / kW )12.73 8.52 Customer Charge ( $ / mo )27.16 27.16 Sales Tax ( % )0.0% 0.0% ELECTRICAL CONSUMPTION AND DEMAND kWh kW kWh kW kWh kW kWh kW Jan 12,069 35.22 16,445 38.41 18,134 40.96 17,830 44.86 16,120 Feb 13,958 48.22 17,758 54.98 15,379 42.17 16,724 37.93 15,955 Mar 14,271 38.19 13,174 42.44 14,025 38.58 12,099 38.86 13,392 Apr 8,915 36.37 9,767 46.53 12,799 52.97 11,418 45.42 10,725 May 7,014 22.06 6,126 38.36 7,303 36.26 7,374 32.68 6,954 Jun 2,785 17.93 2,223 47.29 3,246 33.91 2,398 24.62 2,663 Jul 1,898 8.61 899 18.41 1,116 16.98 1,219 21.54 1,283 Aug 1,744 10.13 552 15.71 763 5.16 1,238 16.68 1,074 Sep 2,243 14.66 713 17.69 1,353 24.12 1,870 20.14 1,545 Oct 3,376 34.14 2,489 43.64 2,614 28.86 3,601 28.63 3,020 Nov 5,838 22.21 6,034 33.72 3,309 22.80 5,983 31.28 5,291 Dec 9,021 36.45 10,169 47.19 8,409 39.93 12,975 42.95 10,144 Total 83,132 86,349 88,450 94,729 88,165 Average 6,928 27 7,196 37 7,371 32 7,894 32 7,347 Load Factor 35.1%26.6%31.7%33.7%32 ELECTRIC BILLING DETAILS Month Energy Demand Cust & Tax Total Energy Demand Cust & Tax Total % Change Jan 1,206 521 27 1,754 1,186 571 27 1,784 1.7% Feb 1,023 537 27 1,587 1,112 483 27 1,622 2.2% Mar 933 491 27 1,451 805 495 27 1,326 -8.6% Apr 851 674 27 1,553 759 578 27 1,365 -12.1% May 486 462 27 974 490 416 27 934 -4.2% Jun 216 289 27 532 159 210 27 396 -25.5% Jul 74 145 27 246 81 184 27 292 18.6% Aug 51 44 27 122 82 142 27 252 106.5% Sep 90 206 27 323 124 172 27 323 0.1% Oct 174 246 27 447 239 244 27 511 14.2% Nov 220 290 27 537 398 398 27 823 53.2% Dec 559 508 27 1,095 863 547 27 1,437 31.3% Total $ 5,882 $ 4,413 $ 326 $ 10,621 $ 6,299 $ 4,439 $ 326 $ 11,064 4.2% Average $ 490 $ 368 $ 27 $ 885 $ 525 $ 370 $ 27 $ 922 4.2% Cost ($/kWh)$0.120 57% 40% 3% $0.117 -2.7% Electrical costs are based on the current electric rates. 2009 2010 2010 AEL&P Electric Rate 21D On-Peak Nov-May Off-peak Jun-Oct Month 2007 2008 2009 Average Salt Storage Warehouse 19 FINAL Energy Audit (October 2011) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Annual Electric Consumption 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Salt Storage Warehouse 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 20,000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecElectric Use (kWh)Month of the Year Electric Use History 2007 2008 2009 2010 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecElectric Demand (kW)Month of the Year Electric Demand History 2007 2008 2009 2010 Salt Storage Warehouse 20 FINAL Energy Audit (October 2011) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Electric Cost 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Salt Storage Warehouse 2010 $ 0 $ 200 $ 400 $ 600 $ 800 $ 1,000 $ 1,200 $ 1,400 $ 1,600 $ 1,800 $ 2,000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecElectric Cost (USD)Month of the Year Electric Cost Breakdown 2010 Electric Use (kWh) Costs Electric Demand (kW) Costs Customer Charge and Taxes 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 45.00 50.00 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 20,000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Electric Demand (kW)Electric Use (kWh)Month of the Year Electric Use and Demand Comparison 2010 Electric Use Electric Demand Salt Storage Warehouse 21 FINAL Energy Audit (October 2011) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Annual Fuel Oil Consumption 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Salt Storage Warehouse Year Fuel Oil Degree Days 2,007 930 9,282 2,008 260 9,093 2,009 454 9,284 2,010 224 9,013 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 2007 2008 2009 2010 Degree DaysGallons of Fuel OilYear Annual Fuel Oil Use Fuel Oil Degree Days Salt Storage Warehouse 22 FINAL Energy Audit (October 2011) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Annual Energy Consumption and Cost Energy Cost Area ECI EUI Fuel Oil $3.42 8,220 $1.13 42 Electricity $0.093 Source Cost Electricity 88,165 kWh $8,200 301 88% Fuel Oil 313 Gallons $1,100 42 12% Totals -$9,300 343 100% Annual Energy Consumption and Cost Consumption Energy, MMBtu Salt Storage Warehouse 23 FINAL Energy Audit (October 2011) Appendix C Equipment Data Salt Storage Warehouse 24 FINAL Energy Audit (October 2011) MotorLocation Function Make Model Capacity HP / Volts / RPM / Effic NotesEF-1No fan installed.EF-2 Waste Water Exhaust Fan Penn BC24 1050 CFM 1/3 HPEF-3 Street Maintenance Exhaust Fan Penn 16TL 580 CFM 1/8 HPEF-4 Electrical Room Exhaust Fan Penn 16TL 250 CFM 1/8 HPSF-1 Hazardous Waste Rm Supply Fan Penn BC24 950 CFM 1/3 HPSF-2 Street Maintenance Supply Fan Penn BBK244 2765 CFM 3/4 HPSF-3 Street Maintenance Supply Fan Penn BBK244 2765 CFM 3/4 HPElectrical Room Air Compressor 3 HP/ 480 V/ 4.1 Amp/ 82.5%Hazardous Waste Rm Hot Water Heater 6 Gallons 120 V/ 150 WattElectrical Room Transformer 30 KUA Nema TP-1Street Maintenance Monitor 2200Set Pt 50 DegreesUH-1 Hazardous Waste Rm Space Heat Chromalox LUH - 12 - 43 42700 BTUUH-2 Hazardous Waste Rm Space Heat Chromalox LUH - 12 - 43 42700 BTUUH-3 Street Maintenance Space Heat Chromalox LUH - 15 - 43 51200 BTUUH-4 Street Maintenance Space Heat Chromalox LUH - 15 - 43 51200 BTUUH-5 Electrical Room Space Heat Chromalox LUH - 05 - 43 17100 BTUMajor Equipment Inventory - Salt Storage WarehouseUnit IDSalt Storage Warehouse 25 FINAL Energy Audit (October 2011) Appendix D Abbreviations AHU Air handling unit BTU British thermal unit BTUH BTU per hour CBJ City and Borough of Juneau CMU Concrete masonry unit CO2 Carbon dioxide CUH Cabinet unit heater DDC Direct digital controls DHW Domestic hot water EAD Exhaust air damper EEM Energy efficiency measure EF Exhaust fan Gyp Bd Gypsum board HVAC Heating, Ventilating, Air- conditioning HW Hot water HWRP Hot water recirculating pump KVA Kilovolt-amps kW Kilowatt kWh Kilowatt-hour LED Light emitting diode MBH 1,000 Btu per hour MMBH 1,000,000 Btu per hour OAD Outside air damper PSI Per square inch PSIG Per square inch gage RAD Return air damper RF Return fan SIR Savings to investment ratio SF Supply fan UV Unit ventilator VAV Variable air volume VFD Variable frequency drive Salt Storage Warehouse 26 FINAL Energy Audit (October 2011)