HomeMy WebLinkAboutSEA-AEE-Petersburg Medical Center 2012-EE
Petersburg Medical Center
City of Petersburg
Funded by:
Final Report
December 2011
Prepared by:
Energy Audit
Table of Contents
Section 1: Executive Summary 2
Section 2: Introduction 6
Section 3: Energy Efficiency Measures 8
Section 4: Description of Systems 14
Section 5: Methodology 18
Appendix A: Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 21
Appendix B: Energy and Utility Data 29
Appendix C: Equipment Data 36
Appendix D: Abbreviations 42
Audit Team
The energy audit is performed by Alaska Energy Engineering LLC of Juneau, Alaska. The audit team
consists of:
Jim Rehfeldt, P.E., Energy Engineer
Jack Christiansen, Energy Consultant
Brad Campbell, Energy Auditor
Loras O’Toole P.E., Mechanical Engineer
Will Van Dyken P.E., Electrical Engineer
Curt Smit, P.E., Mechanical Engineer
Philip Iverson, Construction Estimator
Karla Hart, Technical Publications Specialist
Jill Carlile, Data Analyst
Grayson Carlile, Energy Modeler
Petersburg Medical Center 1 Energy Audit (December 2011)
Section 1
Executive Summary
An energy audit of the Petersburg Medical Center was performed by Alaska Energy Engineering
LLC. The investment grade audit was funded by Alaska Housing Finance Corporation (AHFC) to
identify opportunities to improve the energy performance of public buildings throughout Alaska.
The Petersburg Medical Center is a 52,014 square foot building complex that contains a clinic, acute
and Long Term Care facilities, a lab, a hospital with a surgery suite, visiting physician’s clinic,
offices, a conference room, a physical therapy room, a commercial kitchen and laundry space, support
spaces, storage, and mechanical spaces.
Building Assessment
The following summarizes our assessment of the building:
Envelope
The envelope of the Petersburg Medical Center facility appears to be well preserved and providing
good service. Although the building was constructed in multiple phases, it is nearly all covered by a
common roofing system that provides excellent access to the building’s ventilation systems in the
attic space. Building envelope issues identified include:
Single Pane Windows and Doors. There are approximately 211 square feet of single pane
window glazing within fourteen doors and two windows at the facility. This represents a
sizable component of the building’s heat loss.
Metal Ceiling Joist Framing. The attic spaces are fairly well insulated with R-30 batt
insulation and maintenance staff have added additional batt insulation above some of the steel
framing members in an effort to reduce the amount of interior heat loss by conduction
through these components that are in contact with both the warmer interior spaces and the
cold attic air. Unfortunately the entire ceiling assembly is also framed with metal ceiling
joists, and a similar heat loss is occurring at every single joist. These are placed every two
feet throughout the attic space and the result is a reduction from a potential R-30 to
approximately R-20 for the ceiling assembly.
Insulation. A Dryvit insulation and wall finish package has been added over much of the
exterior concrete wall surfaces at the center, and the addition of up to 2” of extruded
polystyrene foam has significantly improved the overall energy efficiency. The insulation
value for the wall assembly however is far below that recommended for an optimally
performing building. An 8” concrete wall with 2” of extruded polystyrene foam provides an
R-9 insulation assembly. For a climate such as Petersburg, an R-26 is recommended. Future
upgrades to the exterior wall should include additional exterior insulation.
Steel Beams. The awning on the east wall of the 1967 addition above the door to the break
room was constructed with steel beams attached directly to the interior framing members
without being thermally broken. In addition, the wall was never finished around the beam
transition through the wall surface. Thus, these beams are providing an excellent path for
heat transfer between the interior conditioned spaces and the outside.
Petersburg Medical Center 2 Energy Audit (December 2011)
Exterior Doors. The exterior doors are not thermally broken and the aluminum doors are not
insulated. Future replacement exterior doors should include these features. Weather stripping
is in poor condition and should be replaced.
Heating System
The hospital portion of the building is heated by an electric boiler and has a backup fuel oil boiler.
These are located in the 1st floor boiler room of the original hospital space. The Long Term Care wing
is heated by a fuel oil boiler. These heating plants supply heat to eight air handling unit systems, fan
coil units, a domestic hot water heating system, and perimeter hydronic system. The electric boiler
supplies less expensive heat than the fuel oil boiler.
The Clinic is heated by electric heating coils in an air handling unit and three fan coil units.
Ventilation Systems
The ventilation systems deliver a constant flow of conditioned air to the spaces. These systems are
sized to provide cooling and do not reduce air flow during the majority of the year when heating loads
dominate. There are numerous areas of the building that must be ventilated and conditioned
continuously, yet the occupancy does not require full ventilation flow. Energy will be saved if the
ventilation exchange rate is reduced during these periods of low occupancy or the air handling units
are turned off when the space is not occupied.
The complexity and operational costs of the facility can be further reduced by interconnecting the two
heating plants and installing an additional electric boiler to electrically heat the entire complex.
Interconnection would also provide an opportunity to simplify the pumping system by replacing
many of the hydronic heating pumps with two pumps operated by two variable frequency drives. This
shifts the remainder of the Medical Center’s fuel oil heating load to a less expensive hydroelectric
source while still maintaining full fuel oil heating back up capabilities in the event of a power outage
or hydroelectric shortage. It also greatly reduces infrastructure and maintenance for the heating plants
while improving the reliability of the system. This is analyzed in detail in Section 3, Energy
Efficiency Measures.
Air quality in the Long Term Care wing is a concern. The area is poorly ventilated because air
handling unit AHU-5 is not operational. AHU-5 was secured due to multiple failures. We recommend
that its operation be restored to maintain adequate air quality in the wing.
Many of the spaces served by the HVAC systems in the hospital basement have high supply air
temperatures and interior spaces are over-heated as a result. The systems draw outside air into the fan
room, which keeps the room at a highly negative pressure. The room is not tightly sealed, so transfer
air is also drawn in from adjacent spaces. The systems furthest from the louvers take in a higher
percentage of warm transfer air, which increases the supply air temperature of the system and reduces
ventilation. This issue should be corrected by installing a fan with FVD on the outside air intake to
maintain a slightly positive pressure in the fan room so all systems take in outside air.
Domestic Hot Water
The Medical Center has an oil-fired hot water heater and the Long Term Care wing has an indirect
hot water heater. Energy Efficiency Measure (EEM)-16, presented in Section 3, includes the
conversion of domestic hot water heating to electric.
Petersburg Medical Center 3 Energy Audit (December 2011)
Cooling Systems
A chiller supplies chilled water to AHU-2 (Acute and Long-term Care), AHU-3 (Lab) and AHU-4
(Surgery). There is a split cooling system for the computer server room. Heat recovery is analyzed for
this system in EEM-13.
Lighting
Interior lighting consists primarily of T8 and T12 fluorescent fixtures throughout the Medical Center.
Because the heat produced by the T12 fluorescent fixtures is beneficial most of the year, the current
maintenance plan of replacing the T12 fixtures with more efficient T8 fixtures only as the ballasts fail
is a responsible approach to phasing in the newer and more efficient T8 fixtures.
Exterior lighting consists primarily of metal halide and compact fluorescent fixtures.
Equipment
Lighting and computers are routinely left on in unoccupied spaces throughout the building. Where
possible, staff energy awareness should result in turning off lights and equipment that is not required
to be operational continuously. Education and occupancy sensors are addressed in EEM-2.
Summary
It is the assessment of the energy audit team that the greatest energy efficiency opportunity for the
Petersburg Medical Center is a transition from fuel oil to electricity as the primary heat source for the
Long Term Care wing. Consolidating the pumping system will also reduce operational complexity
and maintenance effort.
Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs)
All buildings have opportunities to improve their energy efficiency. The energy audit revealed
numerous opportunities in which an efficiency investment will result in a net reduction in long-term
operating costs.
Behavioral and Operational EEMs
The following EEMs require behavioral and operational changes in the building use. The savings are
not readily quantifiable but these EEMs are highly recommended as low-cost opportunities that are a
standard of high performance buildings.
EEM-1: Weather-strip Doors
EEM-2: Educate Employees and Install Occupancy Sensors
EEM-3: Adjust Cooling Dampers
EEM-4: Repair Unit Heaters
EEM-5: Reduce Entrance Temperatures
Petersburg Medical Center 4 Energy Audit (December 2011)
High and Medium Priority EEMs
The following EEMs are recommended for investment. They are ranked by life cycle savings to
investment ratio (SIR). This ranking method places a priority on low cost EEMs which can be
immediately funded, generating energy savings to fund higher cost EEMs in the following years.
Negative values, in parenthesis, represent savings.
25-Year Life Cycle Cost Analysis
Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
High Priority
EEM-6: Install Pipe Insulation $1,200 $0 ($87,100) ($85,900) 72.6
EEM-7: Interconnect Boiler Plants $5,000 $6,800 ($137,300) ($125,500) 26.1
EEM-8: Replace Aerators and Showerheads $2,100 $0 ($30,700) ($28,600) 14.6
EEM-9: Optimize Ventilation Systems $120,600 $17,000 ($742,300) ($604,700) 6.0
EEM-10: Perform Boiler Combustion Test $700 $4,100 ($7,800) ($3,000) 5.3
EEM-11: Install Auto Valves on Unit Heaters $1,400 $0 ($4,800) ($3,400) 3.4
Medium Priority
EEM-12: Upgrade Motors $6,600 $0 ($16,300) ($9,700) 2.5
EEM-13: Server Room Heat Recovery $51,500 $5,100 ($107,900) ($51,300) 2.0
EEM-14: Upgrade Exterior Lighting $10,200 ($6,800) ($12,600) ($9,200) 1.9
EEM-15: Replace Single Pane Windows $28,100 $0 ($37,900) ($9,800) 1.3
EEM-16: Optimize Heating Plant $240,800 ($35,800) ($284,800) ($79,800) 1.3
EEM-17: Replace Transformers $140,500 $0 ($149,900) ($9,400) 1.1
Totals* $608,700 ($9,600) ($1,619,400) ($1,020,300) 2.7
*The analysis is based on each EEM being independent of the others. While it is likely that some
EEMs are interrelated, an isolated analysis is used to demonstrate the economics because the audit
team is not able to predict which EEMs an Owner may choose to implement. If several EEMs are
implemented, the resulting energy savings is likely to differ from the sum of each EEM projection.
Summary
The energy audit revealed numerous opportunities for improving the energy performance of the
building. It is recommended that the behavioral and high priority EEMs be implemented now to
generate energy savings from which to fund the medium priority EEMs.
Another avenue to consider is to borrow money from AHFCs revolving loan fund for public
buildings. AHFC will loan money for energy improvements under terms that allow for paying back
the money from the energy savings. More information on this option can be found online at
http://www.ahfc.us/loans/akeerlf_loan.cfm.
Petersburg Medical Center 5 Energy Audit (December 2011)
Section 2
Introduction
This report presents the findings of an energy audit of the Petersburg Medical Center located in
Petersburg, Alaska. The purpose of this investment grade energy audit is to evaluate the infrastructure
and its subsequent energy performance to identify applicable energy efficiencies measures (EEMs).
The energy audit report contains the following sections:
Introduction: Building use and energy consumption.
Energy Efficiency Measures: Priority ranking of the EEMs with a description, energy
analysis, and life cycle cost analysis.
Description of Systems: Background description of the building energy systems.
Methodology: Basis for how construction and maintenance cost estimates are derived and
the economic and energy factors used for the analysis.
BUILDING USE
The Petersburg Medical Center is a 52,014 square foot building complex that contains a clinic, acute
and Long Term Care facilities, a lab, a hospital with a surgery suite, visiting physician’s clinic,
offices, a conference room, a physical therapy room, a commercial kitchen and laundry space, support
spaces, storage, and mechanical spaces. The facility is occupied in the following manner:
Clinic 18 staff members 7:00 am – 5:00 pm (M-F)
Public Health Center 2 staff members 7:30 am – 4:00 pm (M-F)
Business Office 9 staff members 8:00 am – 7:00 pm (M-F)
Visiting Physician’s Office 2 staff members Open 10 days/month
Acute Care Facility 9 staff members 12 beds/3 occupied
Long Term Care Facility Acute Care staff 15 beds/15 occupied
Building History
1955 - Petersburg Hospital
1983 - Renovation of Long Term Care Wing and Addition
1986 - Kitchen Remodel
1994 - Medical Center Addition
2005 - Nurses Station Remodel
2010 - Medical Center Clinic Remodel and Addition
Petersburg Medical Center 6 Energy Audit (December 2011)
Energy Consumption
The building energy sources include an electric service and a fuel oil tank. Fuel oil heats the Long
Term Care wing and electricity heats the hospital and supplies all other loads. The following table
shows annual energy use and cost.
Annual Energy Consumption and Cost
Source Consumption Cost Energy, MMBtu
Electricity 1,314,480 kWh $134,800 4,500 83%
Fuel Oil 6,713 Gallons $25,900 900 17%
Totals $160,700 5,400 100%
Electricity
This chart shows electrical energy use
from 2007 to 2010. The transition to
electric boilers was made in 2011 and data
is not available for the resulting increased
electrical use. The effective cost—energy
costs plus demand charges—is 10.3¢ per
kWh.
Fuel Oil
This chart shows heating energy use from 2007
to 2010. The chart compares annual use with
the heating degree days which is a
measurement of the demand for energy to heat
a building. A year with a higher number of
degree days reflects colder outside temperatures
and a higher heating requirement.
Cost of Heat Comparison
The following chart shows a comparison of the current cost of
fuel oil heat and electric heat. The comparison is based on a
fuel oil conversion efficiency of 70%, propane efficiency of
90%, and electric boiler conversion efficiency of 95%. Electric
heat is currently less expensive than fuel oil heat.
Petersburg Medical Center 7 Energy Audit (December 2011)
Section 3
Energy Efficiency Measures
The following energy efficiency measures (EEMs) were identified during the energy audit. The
EEMs are priority ranked and, where applicable, subjected to energy and life cycle cost analysis.
Appendix A contains the energy and life cycle cost analysis spreadsheets.
The EEMs are grouped into the following prioritized categories:
Behavioral or Operational: EEMs that require minimal capital investment but require
operational or behavioral changes. The EEMs provide a life cycle savings but an analysis is
not performed because the guaranteed energy savings is difficult quantify.
High Priority: EEMs that require a small capital investment and offer a life cycle savings.
Also included in this category are higher cost EEMs that offer significant life cycle savings.
Medium Priority: EEMs that require a significant capital investment to provide a life cycle
savings. Many medium priority EEMs provide a high life cycle savings and offer substantial
incentive to increase investment in building energy efficiency.
BEHAVIORAL OR OPERATIONAL
The following EEMs are recommended for implementation. They require behavioral or operational
changes that can occur with minimal investment to achieve immediate savings. These EEMs are not
easily quantified by analysis because they cannot be accurately predicted. They are recommended
because they offer a life cycle savings, represent good practice, and are accepted features of high
performance buildings.
EEM-1: Weather-strip Doors
Purpose: The Medical Center exterior doors do not seal and are missing weather stripping. Energy
will be saved if doors are properly weather-stripped to reduce infiltration.
Scope: Replace weather stripping on exterior doors.
EEM-2: Educate Employees and Install Occupancy Sensors
Purpose: Lighting in many spaces of the building is controlled with manual switching and is
frequently left on in the Medical Center spaces. This was most prevalent in the Clinic
spaces. Energy will be saved by installing occupancy sensors in spaces that would
benefit by this type of control.
Scope: Install occupancy sensors in clinic exam rooms. Employee education to turn off unused
lights (and equipment, where appropriate) is always the first step in reducing lighting
energy. However, occupancy sensors are widely recognized as worthy energy
conservation investments and are recommended for spaces that could benefit. This EEM
is not analyzed because the economics varies with room specific criteria such as the
number of lights and the operating time reduction of the sensor.
Petersburg Medical Center 8 Energy Audit (December 2011)
EEM-3: Adjust Cooling Dampers
Purpose: The dampers on the cooling outside air louvers in the fan room do not seal tightly. This is
allowing outside air to leak into the building. Energy will be saved if the dampers are
adjusted so they seal tightly when closed.
Scope: Adjust the cooling dampers so they seal tightly.
EEM-4: Repair Unit Heaters (1967 Wing)
Purpose: The unit heater adjacent to AHU-6 is operating but the coil is cold. Energy will be saved
by repairing the automatic valve so the fan operates intermittently. The unit heater
adjacent to AHU-5 is set at 75°F, which is excessive to keep the room from freezing.
Scope: Repair the unit heater automatic valve and set the thermostats to 55°F.
EEM-5: Reduce Entrance Temperatures
Purpose: The entrances have heating units that maintain thermal comfort and reduce moisture
brought into the building by people. The temperature setpoint should be lowered to the
minimum needed to maintain comfort and dry the space. Energy will be saved if entrance
temperatures are lowered, with a minimum of 55°F.
Scope: Lower entrance temperatures, with a minimum of 55°F.
Petersburg Medical Center 9 Energy Audit (December 2011)
HIGH PRIORITY
The following EEMs are recommended for implementation because they are low cost measures that
have a high savings to investment ratio. The EEMs are listed from highest to lowest priority. Negative
values, in parenthesis, represent savings.
EEM-6: Install Pipe Insulation
Purpose: A large amount of boiler piping in the 1967 wing boiler room is uninsulated. Energy will
be saved if these sections of boiler piping are optimally insulated.
Scope: Install insulation on uninsulated boiler piping.
Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs
Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
$0 ($3,070) ($3,070) $1,200 $0 ($87,100) ($85,900) 72.6
EEM-7: Interconnect Boiler Plants
Purpose: The electric boilers in the Medical Center boiler plant supply heat at a lower cost than the
fuel oil boiler in the Long Term Care wing. Energy will be saved if the existing
interconnection between the two buildings is utilized so the oil boiler can be turned off
when the electric boiler can carry the load.
Scope: Utilize the interconnection between the two boiler rooms to turn off the oil boiler when
the electric boiler can carry the load.
Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs
Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
$400 ($3,350) ($2,950) $5,000 $6,800 ($137,300) ($125,500) 26.1
EEM-8: Replace Aerators and Showerheads
Purpose: Energy and water will be saved by replacing the lavatory aerators and showerheads with
low-flow models.
Scope: Replace lavatory aerators and showerheads with water-conserving fixtures.
Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs
Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
$0 ($1,080) ($1,080) $2,100 $0 ($30,700) ($28,600) 14.6
Petersburg Medical Center 10 Energy Audit (December 2011)
EEM-9: Optimize Ventilation Systems
Purpose: With the exception of S-2, the building utilizes fixed-flow heating and ventilation system
units to provide conditioned air to interior spaces during the normal operations and as
needed on evenings and weekends. Under most conditions the space occupancy
throughout the majority of operational hours is well below the setpoint of the air handling
systems. This results in an unnecessarily high fuel and electric demand to support
Medical Center operations. Energy will be saved if modifications are made to the
respective air handling systems to reduce air flow when not needed.
Scope: Perform repairs as follows and retro-commission all air handling units to perform as a
properly integrated system when completed:
AHU-4 (Surgery) – Reduce Air Flow: The surgery area is kept warm and ventilated
continuously, even though its use is light and intermittent. Install VFDs and occupancy
sensors to reduce the air flow when the space is not occupied.
AHU-5 (Long Term Care): The system was not operational during the site visit. It is
essential to maintaining adequate indoor air quality in the Long Term Care wing. When
operating, the system supplies more outside air than required to maintain adequate air
quality and make up exhaust flows. Converting the system to a mixed air system will
reduce ventilation energy loads.
Heat Recovery Loops – Eliminate Supplemental Boiler Heat: The building has two heat
recovery loops that extract heat from exhaust air and transfer the heat to the ventilation
air. One loop serves AHUs 1, 2, 3 and 4 in the basement and the other serves AHUs 5 and
6 in the attic. Boiler heat is being injected to the loops, which reduces the heat recovery
efficiency of the loop. In the case of the AHU-5 and 6 loops, the boiler heat has raised the
temperature of the loops above 70°F so that the loop actually heats the exhaust air prior
to it going outdoors. Energy will be saved if the heat recovery loop is disconnected from
the boiler system. The high temperature of the loop is also causing pump P12 to turn on
and off continuously.
E-12 – Convert Kitchen Hood to Variable Flow: The hood is operated 11-1/2 hours per
day. There are no grease fryers under the hood. Installing a VFD would allow the staff to
reduce air flow during periods when cooking activity is low.
Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs
Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
$1,000 ($26,480) ($25,480) $120,600 $17,000 ($742,300) ($604,700) 6.0
EEM-10: Perform a Boiler Combustion Test
Purpose: Operating the Long Term Care wing boiler with an optimum amount of excess air will
improve combustion efficiency. Annual cleaning followed by a combustion test is
recommended.
Scope: Annually clean and perform a combustion test on both fuel oil boilers.
Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs
Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
$240 ($270) ($30) $700 $4,100 ($7,800) ($3,000) 5.3
Petersburg Medical Center 11 Energy Audit (December 2011)
EEM-11: Install Automatic Valves on Unit Heaters
Purpose: Energy will be saved if each of the ceiling-mounted unit heaters in the fan rooms for
AHU-5 and AHU-6 has an automatic valve that shuts off the heating flow when heat is
not needed. Currently the coils in these unit heaters are continuously hot and the
thermostat turns on the fan to supply heat to the room. When heat is not needed,
convective heat loss from the coil occurs; some of the heat loss may be useful, but a large
percentage is not.
Scope: Install automatic valves in the heating supply to each unit heater in these spaces and
control them from the fan thermostat.
Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs
Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
$0 ($170) ($170) $1,400 $0 ($4,800) ($3,400) 3.4
MEDIUM PRIORITY
Medium priority EEMs will require planning and a higher level of investment. They are
recommended because they offer a life cycle savings. The EEMs are listed from highest to lowest
priority. Negative values, in parenthesis, represent savings.
EEM-12: Upgrade Motors to Premium Efficiency
Purpose: The equipment inspection identified four motors that could be upgraded with premium
efficiency models to save energy. They are:
- AHU-1 2 HP from 80.0% efficiency to 86.5% efficiency
- AHU-2 5 HP from 84.0% efficiency to 89.5% efficiency
- AHU-3 7 ½ HP from 81.5% efficiency to 91.0% efficiency
- AHU-4 5 HP from 84.0% efficiency to 89.5% efficiency
Scope: Replace the identified motors with premium efficiency motors.
Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs
Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
$0 ($830) ($830) $6,600 $0 ($16,300) ($9,700) 2.5
EEM-13: Server Room Heat Recovery
Purpose: The computer servers, switches, and battery backup units located in the computer server
room create a continuous cooling load. Two 24.2 MBH cooling units transfer the heat to
outdoors. Energy will be saved if condenser units are placed in the fan room so the heat
can be used to heat ventilation air.
Scope: Install a condenser unit in the fan room with refrigerant piping for each cooling unit.
Install piping manifolds and automatic controls to switch from the fan room condenser to
the existing outdoor condenser when the air handling units can utilize the heat.
Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs
Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
$300 ($3,810) ($3,510) $51,500 $5,100 ($107,900) ($51,300) 2.0
Petersburg Medical Center 12 Energy Audit (December 2011)
EEM-14: Upgrade Exterior Lighting
Purpose: There are 22 exterior recessed lights with 70-watt high pressure sodium fixtures. Energy
will be saved if these lights are retrofitted with compact fluorescent lamps.
Scope: Retrofit 22 exterior recessed 70-watt high pressure sodium lights with compact
fluorescent lights.
Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs
Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
($400) ($640) ($1,040) $10,200 ($6,800) ($12,600) ($9,200) 1.9
EEM-15: Replace Single Pane Windows
Purpose: There are 14 windows and 2 doors with single pane glazing. Energy will be saved if the
single pane glazing is replaced with double pane glazing.
Scope: Replace single pane glazing with double pane glazing.
Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs
Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
$0 ($1,340) ($1,340) $28,100 $0 ($37,900) ($9,800) 1.3
EEM-16: Optimize Heating Plant
Purpose: The complexity and operational costs of the building can be reduced by installing an
additional electric boiler in the hospital boiler room, replacing the oil-fired hot water
heater with indirect hot water heaters, and replacing all of the boiler system pumps with
two pumps operated by variable frequency drives. The analysis assumes that 60% of the
existing fuel oil consumption can be shifted to the electric boiler under this scenario.
Scope: Upgrade the boiler system with the following steps:
- Install an electric boiler in the main boiler room sized to heat the entire building with
the existing and new electric boilers.
- Replace the oil-fired hot water heater and storage tank with two indirect hot water
heaters.
- Convert the pumping system to a primary secondary system with variable speed
building pumps.
Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs
Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
($2,100) ($6,010) ($8,110) $240,800 ($35,800) ($284,800) ($79,800) 1.3
EEM-17: Replace Transformers
Purpose: There are 15 existing transformers that are not TP-1 rated. Energy will be saved if these
less-efficient transformers are replaced with energy efficient models that comply with
NEMA Standard TP 1-2001.
Scope: Replace less-efficient transformers with NEMA Standard TP 1-2001 compliant models.
Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs
Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
$0 ($7,620) ($7,620) $140,500 $0 ($149,900) ($9,400) 1.1
Petersburg Medical Center 13 Energy Audit (December 2011)
Section 4
Description of Systems
ENERGY SYSTEMS
This section provides a general description of the building systems. Energy conservation
opportunities are addressed in Section 3, Energy Efficiency Measures.
Building Envelope
R-value
Component Description (inside to outside) Existing Optimal
1994 Addition Walls 5/8” Gyp. bd, 2”x6” wood stud, R-19 batt, 3/4” foam, stucco R-20 R-26
1983 Addition Walls 1/2” Gyp bd, 6” metal studs, R-19 batt, 3/4” foam, metal siding R-10 R-26
Ceiling 2”x6” metal stud w/ R-30 batt R-20 R-46
Floor Slab 4” Concrete slab-on-grade R-10 R-10
Foundation 8” concrete R-5 R-20
Windows Aluminum double pane windows R-1.5 R-5
Windows Aluminum single pane windows R-0.75 R-5
Doors Steel & Aluminum doors w/ non-thermally broken frames R-1.5 R-5
Doors Steel & Aluminum doors w/ single pane glazing R-0.75 R-5
Domestic Hot Water System
The domestic hot water heating system consists of one 100-gallon fuel oil direct hot water heater in
the main boiler room, and a 110-gallon fuel oil direct hot water heater and a 250-gallon indirect hot
water heater in the 1967 wing boiler room.
Cooling Systems
A chiller supplies chilled water to AHU-2 (Acute and Long-term Care), AHU-3 (Lab) and AHU-4
(Surgery). There is a split cooling system for the computer server room. Heat recovery is analyzed for
this system in EEM-13.
Automatic Control System
The building has a DDC system to control the operation of the heating and ventilation systems,
however energy can be saved through further optimization of fan system scheduling and control
sequences (outlined in EEM-9).
Petersburg Medical Center 14 Energy Audit (December 2011)
Heating System
The Hospital portion of the building is heated by an electric boiler and has a backup fuel oil boiler.
These are located in the 1st floor boiler room of the original hospital space. The Long Term Care wing
is heated by a fuel oil boiler. These heating plants supply heat to eight air handling unit systems, fan
coil units, a domestic hot water heating system, and perimeter hydronic system. The electric boiler
supplies less expensive heat than the fuel oil boiler.
The Clinic is heated by electric heating coils in an air handling unit and three fan coil units.
The heating system has the following pumps:
P-1 is a heating circulation pump for AHU-5 and AHU-6
P-2 is a standby pump for P-1
P-3 is a heating circulation pump for reheat zones
P-4 is a standby pump for P-3
P-5 is a heating circulation pump for HC-1 and perimeter radiation
P-6 is a standby pump for P-5
P-7 is a chiller water circulation pump
P-8 is a standby pump for P-7
P-9 is a heat recovery pump
P-10 is a domestic hot water circulation pump
P-12 is a heat recovery pump
P-14 is the 1st & 2nd Floor Long Term Care unit circulation pump
P-15 is the Long Term Care unit south-side circulation pump
P-16 is a domestic hot water circulation pump for 1967 wing
P-17 is a hot water recirculation pump
CP-1 is the chiller circulation pump
CP-1 is the back up to CP-1
Petersburg Medical Center 15 Energy Audit (December 2011)
Ventilation Systems
Area Fan System Description
1st Floor 1983
Addition
AHU-1 4800 cfm 2 HP constant volume air handling unit consisting of a mixing
box, filter section, a supply fan, and a return fan (R/E-1)
2nd Floor West
ACU/ICU
AHU-2 6,300 cfm 5 HP constant volume air handling unit consisting of a mixing
box, filter section, a chilled water coil, a supply fan, and a return (R/E-2)
Acute & Long
Term Care
AHU-3 7,200 cfm 7.5 HP constant volume air handling unit consisting of a mixing
box, filter section, a chilled water coil, a supply fan, and a return fan (R/E-3)
2nd Floor
Critical Care
AHU-4 3,300 cfm 5 HP constant volume air handling unit consisting of a mixing
box, filter section, a chilled water coil, and supply fan
1967 Wing AHU-5 1800 cfm 1 1/2 HP constant volume air handling unit consisting of a filter
section, pre-heating coil, primary heating coil, and supply fan (AHU-5 was
secured and isolated at time of visit)
1967 Wing AHU-6 2600 cfm 1 1/2 HP constant volume air handling unit consisting of a filter
section, pre-heating coil, primary heating coil, and supply fan
1st Floor Clinic
Wing
AHU-4
(Clinic)
2,300 cfm 2 HP constant volume electric air handling unit consisting of a
mixing box, filter section, electric heating coil, supply and fan.
Clinic Wing CF-1 1000 cfm ½ HP constant volume air handling unit consisting of a mixing
box, filter section, primary heating coil, and supply fan
Clinic Wing CF-2 1100 cfm ½ HP constant volume air handling unit consisting of a mixing
box, filter section, primary heating coil, and supply fan
Clinic Wing CF-3 400 cfm 1/4 HP constant volume air handling unit consisting of a mixing
box, filter section, primary heating coil, and supply fan
First Floor R/E-1 3,450 cfm 1 HP constant volume fan
2nd Floor West R/E-2 5,010 cfm 10 HP constant volume fan
Rooms 204,
208, 212-214
R/E-3 6,300 cfm 3 HP constant volume fan
Boiler
Combustion Air
S-1 3,500 cfm 1/3 HP constant volume fan
Med 223 EF-1 80 cfm 85 watt constant volume exhaust air fan
Lab 226 EF-2 80 cfm 85 watt constant volume exhaust air fan
Toilet 228 EF-3 80 cfm 85 watt constant volume exhaust air fan
Proc 2 113 EF-4 170 cfm 48 watt constant volume exhaust air fan
Proc 3 114 EF-5 170 cfm 48 watt constant volume exhaust air fan
Proc 1 218 EF-6 170 cfm 48 watt constant volume exhaust air fan
Toilet 218 EF-7 100 cfm 53 watt constant volume exhaust air fan
Electrical 213 EF-8 100 cfm 53 watt constant volume exhaust air fan
Conference 104 EF-9 250 cfm 81 watt constant volume exhaust air fan
Elevator
Mechanical
EF-10 100 cfm 53 watt constant volume exhaust air fan
Toilet 107 EF-11 100 cfm 53 watt constant volume exhaust air fan
Petersburg Medical Center 16 Energy Audit (December 2011)
Ventilation Systems, continued
Area Fan System Description
Electrical 108 EF-12 300 cfm 135 watt constant volume exhaust air fan
Chiller Room
Ventilation
E-1 300 cfm 1/10 HP constant volume exhaust air fan
Medical Gas
Room Vent
E-2 150 cfm 1/10 HP constant volume exhaust air fan
First Floor E-3 725 cfm 1/6 HP constant volume exhaust air fan
2nd Floor West
and Critical
E-4 1,320 cfm 1/2 HP constant volume exhaust air fan
2nd Floor East E-5 1,570 cfm 1 1/2 HP constant volume exhaust air fan
2nd Floor and
Critical
E-6 2,835 cfm 3/4 HP constant volume exhaust air fan
BTS Hood E-7 210 cfm 1/12 HP constant volume exhaust air fan
Chem Lab
Exhaust
E-8 600 cfm 1/4 HP constant volume exhaust air fan
Fume Hood
Exhaust
E-9 1,600 cfm 1/2 HP constant volume exhaust air fan
Elevator
Machine Room
E-10 500 cfm 1/7 HP constant volume exhaust air fan
Dishwasher E-11 200 cfm 1/12 HP constant volume exhaust air fan
Long Term
Care
E-13 1,435 cfm 1/3 HP constant volume exhaust air fan
Lighting
Interior lighting consists primarily of T8 and T12 fluorescent fixtures throughout the Medical Center.
Exterior lighting consists primarily of metal halide and compact fluorescent fixtures. Because the
additional heat produced by the T12 fluorescent fixtures is beneficial within the building envelope in
the climate of Petersburg, the current maintenance plan of replacing the T12 fixtures with more
efficient T8 fixtures only as the ballasts fail is a responsible approach to phasing in the newer and
more efficient T8 fixtures.
Electric Equipment
Large plug load medical equipment exists throughout the Petersburg Medical Center. Commercial
kitchen and laundry equipment are also in use.
Petersburg Medical Center 17 Energy Audit (December 2011)
Section 5
Methodology
Information for the energy audit was gathered through on-site observations, review of construction
documents, and interviews with operation and maintenance personnel. The EEMs are evaluated using
energy and life cycle cost analyses and are priority ranked for implementation.
Energy Efficiency Measures
Energy efficiency measures are identified by evaluating the building’s energy systems and comparing
them to systems in modern, high performance buildings. The process for identifying the EEMs
acknowledges the realities of an existing building that was constructed when energy costs were much
lower. Many of the opportunities used in modern high performance buildings—highly insulated
envelopes, variable capacity mechanical systems, heat pumps, daylighting, lighting controls, etc.—
simply cannot be economically incorporated into an existing building.
The EEMs represent practical measures to improve the energy efficiency of the buildings, taking into
account the realities of limited budgets. If a future major renovation project occurs, additional EEMs
common to high performance buildings should be incorporated.
Life Cycle Cost Analysis
The EEMs are evaluated using life cycle cost analysis which determines if an energy efficiency
investment will provide a savings over a 25-year life. The analysis incorporates construction,
replacement, maintenance, repair, and energy costs to determine the total cost over the life of the
EEM. Future maintenance and energy cash flows are discounted to present worth using escalation
factors for general inflation, energy inflation, and the value of money. The methodology is based on
the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Handbook 135 – Life Cycle Cost
Analysis.
Life cycle cost analysis is preferred to simple payback for facilities that have long—often perpetual—
service lives. Simple payback, which compares construction cost and present energy cost, is
reasonable for short time periods of 2-4 years, but yields below optimal results over longer periods
because it does not properly account for the time value of money or inflationary effects on operating
budgets. Accounting for energy inflation and the time value of money properly sums the true cost of
facility ownership and seeks to minimize the life cycle cost.
Construction Costs
The cost estimates are derived based on a preliminary understanding of the scope of each EEM as
gathered during the walk-through audit. The construction costs for in-house labor are $60 per hour for
work typically performed by maintenance staff and $110 per hour for contract labor.
The cost estimate assumes the work will be performed as part of a larger renovation or energy
efficiency upgrade project. When implementing EEMs, the cost estimate should be revisited once the
scope and preferred method of performing the work has been determined. It is possible some EEMs
will not provide a life cycle savings when the scope is finalized.
Petersburg Medical Center 18 Energy Audit (December 2011)
Maintenance Costs
Maintenance costs are based on in-house or contract labor using historical maintenance efforts and
industry standards. Maintenance costs over the 25-year life of each EEM are included in the life cycle
cost calculation spreadsheets and represent the level of effort to maintain the systems.
Energy Analysis
The energy performance of an EEM is evaluated within the operating parameters of the building. A
comprehensive energy audit would rely on a computer model of the building to integrate building
energy systems and evaluate the energy savings of each EEM. This investment grade audit does not
utilize a computer model, so energy savings are calculated with factors that account for the dynamic
operation of the building. Energy savings and costs are estimated for the 25-year life of the EEM
using appropriate factors for energy inflation.
Prioritization
Each EEM is prioritized based on the life cycle savings to investment ratio (SIR) using the following
formula:
Prioritization Factor = Life Cycle Savings / Capital Costs
This approach factor puts significant weight on the capital cost of an EEM, making lower cost EEMs
more favorable.
Economic Factors
The following economic factors are significant to the findings.
Nominal Interest Rate: This is the nominal rate of return on an investment without regard to inflation.
The analysis uses a rate of 5%.
Inflation Rate: This is the average inflationary change in prices over time. The analysis uses an
inflation rate of 2%.
Economic Period: The analysis is based on a 25-year economic period with construction beginning in
2010.
Fuel Oil
Fuel oil currently costs $3.86 per gallon for a seasonally adjusted blend of #1 and #2 fuel oil. The
analysis is based on 6% fuel oil inflation which has been the average for the past 20-years.
Electricity
Electricity is supplied by Petersburg Municipal Light & Power. The building is billed for
electricity under their General Service rate.
Petersburg Medical Center 19 Energy Audit (December 2011)
Summary
The following table summarizes the energy and economic factors used in the analysis.
Summary of Economic and Energy Factors
Factor Rate or Cost Factor Rate or Cost
Nominal Discount Rate 5% Electricity $0.103/kWh
General Inflation Rate 2% Electricity Inflation 3%
Fuel Oil Cost (2012) $3.86/gal Fuel Oil Inflation 6%
Petersburg Medical Center 20 Energy Audit (December 2011)
Appendix A
Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis
Petersburg Medical Center 21 Energy Audit (December 2011)
Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis
25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226
Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us
Petersburg Medical Center
Basis
Economic
Study Period (years) 25 Nominal Discount Rate 5%General Inflation 2%
Energy
2011 $/gal Fuel Inflation 2012 $/gal
Fuel Oil $3.86 6% $4.09
Electricity $/kWh (2011)$/kW (2011)Inflation $/kWh (2012)$/kW (2012)
w/ Demand Charges $0.081 $3.10 3% $0.083 $3.19
w/o Demand Charges $0.103 -3% $0.106 -
EEM-6: Install Pipe Insulation
Energy Analysis
Service Size Length Bare BTUH Insul BTUH Factor kBtu η boiler Gallons
Heating 0.75 15 74 11 50% -4,139 68%-44
Heating 1.25 80 111 13 50% -34,339 68%-365
Heating 1.50 60 126 15 50% -29,171 68%-310
Heating 2.00 5 154 15 50% -3,044 68%-32
-751
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost
Construction Costs
Pipe Insulation 1/2"0 lnft $5 $0
3/4"0 15 lnft $5 $75
1-1/4"0 80 lnft $7 $560
1-1/2"0 60 lnft $8 $480
2"0 5 lnft $9 $45
Energy Costs
Electric Energy 1 - 25 kWh $0.083 $0
Electric Demand 1 - 25 kW $3.19 $0
Electric Energy (Effective Cost)1 - 25 kWh $0.106 $0
Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -751 gal $4.09 ($87,053)
Net Present Worth ($85,900)
EEM-7: Interconnect Boiler Plants
Energy Analysis
FO Use, gal Heat, kBtu % Saved FO Saved, gal Electric, kWh
Fuel Oil Boilers 6,700 631,006 30% -2,010 55,481
kBtu kWh
Electric Boilers 189,302 58,401
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost
Construction Costs
Building heating load analysis 0 1 LS $5,000 $5,000
Utilize the boiler room interconnection 0 1 LS $10,000 $10,000
Annual Costs
Annual switchover 1 - 25 2 LS $200.00 $6,811
Energy Costs
Electric Energy 1 - 25 58,401 kWh $0.083 $95,780
Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -2,010 gal $4.09 ($233,109)
Net Present Worth ($115,500)
Petersburg Medical Center 22 Energy Audit (December 2011)
Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis
25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226
Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us
Petersburg Medical Center
EEM-8: Replace Aerators and Showerheads
Energy Analysis
Fixture Existing Proposed Uses/day Days Water,Gals % HW kBTU Gallons
Showerhead 20.0 10.0 20 198 -39,600 80% -21,137 -224
Lavatories 0.3 0.2 200 198 -7,128 80% -3,805 -40
-46,728 -265
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost
Construction Costs
Replace lavatory aerators 0 40 ea $35 $1,400
Replace showerhead 0 19 ea $35 $665
Energy Costs
Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -265 gal $4.09 ($30,713)
Net Present Worth ($28,600)
EEM-9: Optimize Ventilation Systems
Energy Analysis
Fan Case CFM ΔP η, fan BHP η, motor kW Hours kWh
AHU-4 Existing -3,300 3.55 55%-3 89%-3 5,640 -15,842
Optimized 1,500 3.55 55%2 89%1 5,640 7,201
E-6 Existing -2,835 0.75 55% -0.6 80%-1 5,640 -3,199
Optimized 1,200 0.75 55% 0.3 80%0 5,640 1,354
-2 -10,486
Ventilation SA CFM MAT T,room MBH Hours kBtu η boiler Gallons
AHU-4 Existing -3,300 50 65 -53 5,640 -301,514 68%-3,201
Optimized 1,500 50 65 24 5,640 137,052 68%1,455
AHU-5 Existing -1,800 40 65 -49 8,760 -425,736 68%-4,520
Optimized 1,800 55 65 19 8,760 170,294 68%1,808
E-13 Existing -1,435 70 74 -6 8,760 -54,305 68%-577
Optimized 1,435 70 70 0 8,760 0 68%0
E-12 Existing -2,000 40 70 -65 4,380 -283,824 68%-3,014
Optimized 1,200 40 70 39 4,380 170,294 68%1,808
-587,739 -6,241
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost
Construction Costs
Revise controls 0 1 LS $25,000 $25,000
Install return air duct and dampers 0 1 LS $20,000 $20,000
Disconnct HX supplemental boiler heat 0 1 LS $400 $400
Install VFD 0 3 LS $7,500 $22,500
Estimating contingency 0 15% $10,185
Overhead & profit 0 30% $23,426
Design fees 0 10% $10,151
Project management 0 8%$8,933
Annual Costs
DDC Maintenance 1 - 25 1 LS $1,000.00 $17,027
Energy Costs
Electric Energy 1 - 25 -10,486 kWh $0.083 ($17,198)
Electric Demand 1 - 25 -22 kW $3.19 ($1,400)
Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -6,241 gal $4.09 ($723,749)
Net Present Worth ($604,700)
Petersburg Medical Center 23 Energy Audit (December 2011)
Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis
25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226
Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us
Petersburg Medical Center
EEM-10: Perform Boiler Combustion Test
Energy Analysis
Annual Gal % Savings Savings, Gal
6,700 -1.0% -67
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost
Construction Costs
Purchase combustion analyzer 0 1 LS $700 $700
Annual Costs
Clean and perform combustion test 1 - 25 4 hrs $60.00 $4,086
Energy Costs
Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -67 gal $4.09 ($7,770)
Net Present Worth ($3,000)
EEM-11: Install Automatic Valves on Unit Heaters
Energy Analysis
Loss, BTUH Number Factor Loss, kBTU Boiler Effic Fuel, gals
-1,500 2 15% -3,942 70% -42
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost
Construction Costs
Install automatic valves and connect to fan wiring 0 2 ea $500 $1,000
Overhead & profit 0 30%$300
Project management 0 8%$104
Energy Costs
Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -42 gal $4.09 ($4,838)
Net Present Worth ($3,400)
EEM-12: Upgrade Motors to Premium Efficiency
Energy Analysis
Equip Number HP ηold ηnew kW Hours kWh
AHU-1 1 2 80.0% 86.5% -0.10 8,760 -850
AHU-2 1 5 84.0% 89.5% -0.21 8,760 -1,797
AHU-4 1 5 84.0% 89.5% -0.21 8,760 -1,797
AHU-3 1 7.5 81.5% 91.7% -0.57 8,760 -4,999
-1.1 -9,443
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost
Construction Costs HP
Replace motor 2 0 1 LS 970 $970
Replace motor 5 0 2 LS 1,080 $2,160
Replace motor 5 0 1 LS 1,290 $1,290
Replace motor 7.5 0 1 LS 1,690 $1,690
Project management 0 8%$489
Energy Costs
Electric Energy 1 - 25 -9,443 kWh $0.083 ($15,487)
Electric Demand 1 - 25 -13 kW $3.19 ($812)
Net Present Worth ($9,700)
Petersburg Medical Center 24 Energy Audit (December 2011)
Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis
25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226
Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us
Petersburg Medical Center
EEM-13: Server Room Heat Recovery
Energy Analysis
Fuel Oil
Gain, MBH COP Reject MBH Hours kBtu η boiler Gallons
15 3-204,380 -87,600 68% -930
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost
Construction Costs
Consenser unit and piping 0 2 LS $6,000 $12,000
Piping manifolds and controls 0 2 LS $1,500 $3,000
Automatic controls 0 2 LS $7,000 $14,000
Estimating contingency 0 15%$4,350
Overhead & profit 0 30% $10,005.00
Design fees 0 10%$4,336
Project management 0 8%$3,815
Annual Costs
Condenser unit maintenance 1 - 25 2 LS $150.00 $5,108
Energy Costs
Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -930 gal $4.09 ($107,872)
Net Present Worth ($51,300)
EEM-14: Upgrade Exterior Lighting
Energy Analysis
Type # Fixtures Lamp Lamp, watts Fixture Watts Lamp Lamp, watts Fixture Watts Savings, kWh
Recessed 22 MH 70 95 CFL -15 -7,709
-7,709
Lamp Replacement
Type # Fixtures Lamp # Lamps Life, hrs Lamps//yr $ / lamp $ / Replace
Recessed 22 MH -1 12,000 -8.03 $42 $20
Recessed 22 CFL 1 10,000 9.64 $5 $5
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost
Construction Costs
Retrofit recessed fixture with CFL 0 22 LS $300 $6,600
Overhead & profit 0 30%$1,980
Design fees 0 10%$858
Project management 0 8%$755
Annual Costs
Existing lamp replacement, 70 watt MH 1 - 25 -8.03 lamps $62.00 ($8,477)
CFL replacement, 40 watts 1 - 25 9.64 LED board $10.00 $1,641
Energy Costs
Electric Energy 1 - 25 -7,709 kWh $0.083 ($12,643)
Net Present Worth ($9,300)
Existing Replacement
Petersburg Medical Center 25 Energy Audit (December 2011)
Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis
25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226
Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us
Petersburg Medical Center
EEM-15: Replace Single Pane Windows
Energy Analysis
Component Area R,exist R,new ΔT MBH kBtu η boiler Gallons
Windows 200 0.75 2.0 20 -3.3 -29,200 68%-310
Door 11 0.75 2.0 20 -0.2 -1,606 68%-17
-3.5 -30,806 -327
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost
Construction Costs
Replace window glazing unit 0 200 sqft $75 $15,000
Replace door glazing unit 0 11 sqft $75 $825
Estimating contingency 0 15%$2,374
Overhead & profit 0 30%$5,460
Design fees 0 10%$2,366
Project management 0 8%$2,082
Energy Costs
Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -327 gal $4.09 ($37,935)
Net Present Worth ($9,800)
Petersburg Medical Center 26 Energy Audit (December 2011)
Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis
25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226
Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us
Petersburg Medical Center
EEM-16: Optimize Heating Plant
Energy Analysis
FO Use, gal Heat, kBtu % Saved FO Saved, gal Electric, kWh
Fuel Oil Boilers 6,700 631,006 70% -4,690 129,456
kBtu kWh
Electric Boilers 441,704 136,270
Pumps
Pump GPH Head η pump BHP η motor kW Hours kWh
P-1/P-2 -52 30 60% -0.9 85% -0.8 8,760 -6,762
P-3/P-4 -17 40 50% -0.5 80% -0.4 8,760 -3,758
P-5/P-6 -100 34 60% -1.9 85% -1.7 8,760 -14,738
P-7/P-8 -20 15 55% -0.2 75% -0.2 8,760 -1,608
P-14 -15 20 60% -0.2 70% -0.2 8,760 -1,579
P-15 -15 20 60% -0.2 70% -0.2 8,760 -1,579
Combined 219 40 65% 4.6
P-1A/P-1B 120 28 55% 2.1 75% 2.1 8,760 18,008
-12,017
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost
Construction Costs
Install electric boiler, 150 kW 0 1 ea $25,000 $25,000
Piping and appurtenances 0 1 ea $20,000 $20,000
Electrical 0 1 ea $7,500 $7,500
Primary/Secondary Pumping System
Demolition 0 1 ea $2,500 $2,500
Primary pumps 0 2 ea $3,000 $6,000
Building pumps, 5 HP 0 2 ea $5,000 $10,000
Piping modifications 0 1 ea $25,000 $25,000
VFD 0 2 ea $4,800 $9,600
Electrical 0 4 ea $1,500 $6,000
Replace hospital fuel oil HW heater
Demolition fo heater and storage tank 5 -1 ea $1,500 ($1,298)
Two 175 gallon HW heaters and piping 5 -2 ea $7,500 ($12,976)
Demolition 0 1 ea $1,500 $1,500
Two 175 gallon HW heaters and piping 0 2 ea $7,500 $15,000
Controls 0 1 ea $25,000 $25,000
Estimating contingency 0 15% $17,074
Overhead & profit 0 30% $46,770
Design fees 0 10% $20,267
Project management 0 8% $17,835
Annual Costs
Pump maintenance 1 - 25 -6 ea $200.00 ($20,432)
Boiler maintenance 1 - 25 -1 ea $600.00 ($10,216)
HW tank maintenance 1 - 25 -1 ea $300.00 ($5,108)
Energy Costs
Electric Energy (Effective Cost)1 - 25 124,252 kWh $0.106 $259,125
Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -4,690 gal $4.09 ($543,920)
Net Present Worth ($79,800)
Petersburg Medical Center 27 Energy Audit (December 2011)
Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis
25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226
Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us
Petersburg Medical Center
EEM-17: Replace Transformers
Energy Analysis
Number kVA ηold ηnew KW kWh
1 15 96.2% 98.1% -0.3 -2,497
4 30 96.8% 98.4% -1.9 -16,819
3 45 97.2% 98.6% -1.9 -16,556
4 75 97.4% 98.7% -3.9 -34,164
2 150 97.8% 98.9% -3.3 -28,908
-11.3 -98,944
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost
Construction Costs
Replace transformer, kVA 15 0 1 LS $3,900 $3,900
Replace transformer, kVA 24 0 4 LS $4,400 $17,600
Replace transformer, kVA 30 0 3 LS $4,900 $14,700
Replace transformer, kVA 45 0 4 LS $6,500 $26,000
Replace transformer, kVA 112.5 0 2 LS $12,400 $24,800
Estimating contingency 0 15% $13,050
Overhead & profit 0 30% $30,015
Project management 0 8% $10,405
Energy Costs
Electric Energy 1 - 25 -98,944 kWh $0.062 ($121,018)
Electric Demand 1 - 25 -136 kW $10.83 ($28,862)
Net Present Worth ($9,400)
Petersburg Medical Center 28 Energy Audit (December 2011)
Appendix B
Energy and Utility Data
Petersburg Medical Center 29 Energy Audit (December 2011)
Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Billing Data
25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226
Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us
Petersburg Medical Center
ELECTRIC RATE
Electricity ($ / kWh )Block Rate Demand ( $ / kW )
1st Block 30,000 $0.108 All kW $3.10
2nd Block 60,000 $0.106
Remaining $0.081
Customer Charge $28.00
ELECTRICAL CONSUMPTION AND DEMAND
kWh kW kWh kW kWh kW kWh kW
Jan 164,160 355 140,160 326 94,080 365 149,760 422 137,040
Feb 149,760 499 164,160 374 96,960 422 141,120 298 138,000
Mar 136,320 422 133,440 298 59,520 192 114,240 336 110,880
Apr 142,080 307 128,640 288 64,320 182 120,000 307 113,760
May 114,240 269 101,760 259 56,640 182 106,560 269 94,800
Jun 99,840 221 100,800 230 66,240 182 71,040 384 84,480
Jul 83,520 221 88,320 230 63,360 182 95,040 250 82,560
Aug 87,360 221 93,120 221 68,160 192 99,840 240 87,120
Sep 98,880 240 94,080 240 65,280 192 104,640 259 90,720
Oct 105,600 442 112,320 307 61,440 202 123,840 288 100,800
Nov 137,280 278 144,000 317 107,520 317 150,720 490 134,880
Dec 133,440 394 126,720 365 139,200 403 158,400 413 139,440
Total 1,452,480 1,427,520 942,720 1,435,200 1,314,480
Average 121,040 322 118,960 288 78,560 251 119,600 330 109,540
Load Factor 51.4% 56.6% 42.8% 49.7% 298
ELECTRIC BILLING DETAILS
Month Energy Demand Total Energy Demand Total % Change
Jan $9,180 $1,131 $10,339 $13,691 $1,309 $15,028 45.3%
Feb $9,414 $1,309 $10,751 $12,991 $923 $13,941 29.7%
Mar $6,369 $595 $6,992 $10,813 $1,042 $11,883 69.9%
Apr $6,770 $565 $7,363 $11,280 $952 $12,260 66.5%
May $6,064 $565 $6,657 $10,191 $833 $11,053 66.0%
Jun $6,925 $565 $7,519 $7,314 $1,190 $8,533 13.5%
Jul $6,692 $565 $7,286 $9,258 $774 $10,060 38.1%
Aug $7,081 $595 $7,704 $9,647 $744 $10,419 35.2%
Sep $6,848 $595 $7,471 $10,036 $804 $10,867 45.5%
Oct $6,537 $625 $7,190 $11,591 $893 $12,512 74.0%
Nov $10,269 $982 $11,279 $13,768 $1,518 $15,314 35.8%
Dec $12,835 $1,250 $14,113 $14,390 $1,280 $15,698 11.2%
Total $ 94,984 $ 9,345 $ 104,665 $ 134,971 $ 12,261 $ 147,568 41.0%
Average $ 7,915 $ 779 $ 8,694 $ 11,248 $ 1,022 $ 12,269 41.1%
Cost ($/kWh) $0.111 91% 8% $0.103 -7.3%
2009 2010
Electrical costs are based on the current electric rates.
2010
General Service
Month 2007 2008 2009 Average
Petersburg Medical Center 30 Energy Audit (December 2011)
Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Annual Electric Consumption
25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226
Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us
Petersburg Medical Center
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecElectric Use (kWh)Month of the Year
Electric Use History
2007 2008 2009 2010
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecElectric Demand (kW)Month of the Year
Electric Demand History
2007 2008 2009 2010
Petersburg Medical Center 31 Energy Audit (December 2011)
Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Electric Cost
25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226
Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us
Petersburg Medical Center 2010
$ 0
$ 2,000
$ 4,000
$ 6,000
$ 8,000
$ 10,000
$ 12,000
$ 14,000
$ 16,000
$ 18,000
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecElectric Cost (USD)Month of the Year
Electric Cost Breakdown
2010
Electric Use (kWh) Costs
Electric Demand (kW) Costs
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Electric Demand (kW)Electric Use (kWh)Month of the Year
Electric Use and Demand Comparison
2010
Electric Use
Electric Demand
Petersburg Medical Center 32 Energy Audit (December 2011)
Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Annual Fuel Oil Consumption
25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226
Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us
Petersburg Medical Center
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Year Fuel Oil Degree Days
2007 6,832 8,356
2008 6,454 8,239
2009 7,025 8,411
2010 6,542 8,202
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
2007 2008 2009 2010 Degree DaysGallons of Fuel OilYear
Annual Fuel Oil Use
Fuel Oil
Degree Days
Petersburg Medical Center 33 Energy Audit (December 2011)
Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Annual Water Consumption
25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226
Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us
Petersburg Medical Center
Year Water
2007 1,895,000
2008 1,587,000
2009 1,667,000
2010 1,495,000
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
1,800,000
2,000,000
2007 2008 2009 2010Gallons of WaterYear
Annual Water Use
Petersburg Medical Center 34 Energy Audit (December 2011)
Alaska Energy Engineering LLC
25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226
Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us
Annual Energy Consumption and Cost
Energy Cost $/MMBtu Area ECI EUI
Fuel Oil $3.86 $39.81 42,014 $3.82 129
Electricity $0.103 $31.65
Source Cost
Electricity 1,314,480 kWh $134,800 4,500 83%
Fuel Oil 6,713 Gallons $25,900 900 17%
Totals $160,700 5,400 100%
Annual Energy Consumption and Cost
Consumption Energy, MMBtu
$0
$5
$10
$15
$20
$25
$30
$35
$40
$45
Fuel Oil ElectricityCost $ / MMBtuCost of Heat Comparison
Petersburg Medical Center 35 Energy Audit (December 2011)
Appendix C
Equipment Data
Petersburg Medical Center 36 Energy Audit (December 2011)
MotorHP / Volts / RPM / EfficS 1 Boiler Room Boiler Combustion AirPenn CB-243 35001/3 HP/ 120 V/60%RE 2 Attic2nd Floor WestTempmaster5010 CFM 10 HPRE 3 Attic2nd Floor EastTempmaster FSW22-ARR240 V/ 1 PHS 3 AtticPowerline P8BBF80 465 CFM 1/4 HP/ 115 V/ 1725 RPM/47%RE 1 AtticTempmaster3450 CFM 1 HP/ 480 V/76.7%E 1 Chiller Room Chiller Room Ventillation Penn Breezeway 300 CFME 2 Medical Gas Room Medical Gas Room Ventillation Penn O8R 150 CFM 1/10 HP/ 115 VE 3 AtticFirst Floor VentillationPowerline B12BBB8E 750 CFM 1/5 HP/ 115 V/ 1725 RPME 4 Attic2nd Floor WestPowerline B13BBBF 1320 CFM 1/2 HP/ 115 V/ 1725 RPM/62%E 5 Attic2nd Floor EastPowerline B12BBB8F 1570 CFM 1/2 HP/ 115 V/ 1725 RPM/62%E 6 Attic2nd Floor CriticalTempmaster LFSW-22 2835 CFM 3/4 HP/ 115 V/ 1725 RPM/75%E 7 BTSBTS HoodPenn Centrex 210 CFM 1/12 HP/ 115 VE 8 AtticChemistry Lab Exhaust Powerline 122B1C8B 600 CFM 1/6 HP/ 115 V/ 1725 RPME 9 AtticFume Hood ExhaustPowerline1600 CFM 1/2 HP/ 115 V/ 1725 RPM/62%E 10 Elevator Mechanical Elevator Mechanical Exhaust Penn Centrex 500 CFME 11 KitchenDishwasher200 CFM 1/12 HP/ 115 VRE 2 AtticTempmasterOGSI Basement Mechanical Oxygen GeneratorOGSI MOGS-100 100 SCFM 1 1/2 HP/ 115 V/ 1725 RPM/79.1%XFMR Basement Mechanical TransformerSquare D 752 TH 75 KVAPetersburg Medical Center - Major Equipment InventoryCapacityNotesUnit IDLocation Function Make Model
Petersburg Medical Center 37 Energy Audit (December 2011)
MotorHP / Volts / RPM / EfficPetersburg Medical Center - Major Equipment InventoryCapacityNotesUnit IDLocation Function Make ModelXFMR Basement Mechanical TransformerGE9T2384010G2145 KVAXFMR Basement Mechanical Transformer X-Ray Square D 2553H 25 KVAXFMR Basement Mechanical Transformer X-Ray Square D 3753H 37.5 KVADHWH 1 Boiler Room Domestic Hot Water Heater Boch 241EASME 100 Gallon 27.7 MBHDirect HW HeaterB 1 Boiler Room Back-Up BoilerCleaver Brooks CBH-100-60 2511 MBH high/medium/low fireB 2 Boiler Room Main Electric BoilerCole 20CWB-2 540 KW 480 V/ 650 AmpP 1 Boiler Room Hot Water Circulation AHU 5&6 TACO1 HP/ 480 V/ 1725 RPM/76.7%P 2 Boiler Room Hot Water Circulation AHU 5&6 TACO1 HP/ 480 V/ 1725 RPM/76.7%P 3 Boiler Room Hot Water Arc to Reheat Coil TACO3/4 HP/ 480 V/ 1725 RPM/75%P 4 Boiler Room Hot Water Arc to Reheat Coil TACO3/4 HP/ 480 V/ 1725 RPM/75%P 5 Boiler Room Hot Water Circulation to HC-1 TACO1.5 HP/ 480 V/ 1725 RPM/79.1%P 6 Boiler Room and Perimeter HeatTACO1.5 HP/ 480 V/ 1725 RPM/79.1%XFMR Boiler Room Panel 1 LB Transformer Square D 45T3H 45 KVA 150° Temp RiseXFMR Boiler Room Panel 1 ELB Transformer Square D 75T3H 75 KVA 150° Temp RiseP 7 Chiller Room Chiller Circulation Pump TACO3/4 HP/ 480 V/ 1725 RPM/75%P 8 Chiller Room Chiller Circulation Pump TACO3/4 HP/ 480 V/ 1725 RPM/75%R 1 Chiller Room ChilerTrane CRHM200C-2JAT480 VP 10 Boiler Room DHW Circulation Pump TACOCP 1 Boiler Room Clinic Zone HV UnitsGrundfos UMC 50-80475 Watts/ 2.48 Amps/ 480 V Speed 3CP 2 Boiler Room Clinic Zone HV UnitsGrundfos UMC 50-801.65 Amps/ 510 W/ 480 Volts Speed 3
Petersburg Medical Center 38 Energy Audit (December 2011)
MotorHP / Volts / RPM / EfficPetersburg Medical Center - Major Equipment InventoryCapacityNotesUnit IDLocation Function Make ModelAHU 1 1st Floor Fan Room 1983 Addition Ventillation Tempmaster MAHU-30X 4800 CFM 2 HP/ 480 V/ 1725 RPM/ 80%AHU 3 1st Floor Fan Room Acute & Long Term Care Vent Tempmaster MAHU-30X 7200 CFM 7.5 HP/ 480 V/ 1745 RPM/ 81.5%AHU 4 1st Floor Fan Room 2nd Floor Critical Care Suite Tempmaster MAHU-20 7200 CFM 5 HP/ 480 V/ 1740 RPM/ 84%P 9 1st Floor Fan Room Fan Room Preheater Coils TACO 3/4 HP/ 480 V/ 1740 RPM/75%AHU 2 1st Floor Fan Room 2nd Floor West ACU/ICU Tempmaster MAHU-27X 6300 CFM 5 HP/ 480 V/ 1740 RPM/ 84%A 3 Boiler 1 Medical Vacuum Pump OXE Equip SP-5357AP 5 HP/ 480 V/ 1720 RPM/ 81.5%XFMR Medical Supply Room Panel 1 LA XFMR Square D 45T3H 45 KVA 150° C Temp RiseXFMR Medical Supply Room Panel 1 ELA XFMR Square D 30T3H 30 KVA 150° C Temp RiseDryer Clean Room 123 Commercial Dryer Cissell CHD75E2 480 V/ 38 AmpDryer Clean Room 123 Commercial Dryer Cissess CHD75E2 480 V/ 38 AmpWasher Clean Room 123 Commercial Washer MILNOR 30022MSJ 9 cubic ft 480 V/ 6.1 AmpWasher Clean Room 123 Residential Washer Speed QueenWasher Clean Room 123 Residential Washer MaytagDryer Clean Room 123 Residential Dryer CrosleyDryer Clean Room 123 Residential Dryer Crosley119 C Trash Room Biohazard Waste DisposalFreezer Food Storage Freezer Raetone AF047-55 115 V/ 20 AmpFreezer Food Storage Freezer Polar PanelFridge Food Storage Refrigerator Victory 115 V/ 20 AmpB 3 1967 Boiler Room Boiler National 7-37 312000 BTU/Hr Non modulating
Petersburg Medical Center 39 Energy Audit (December 2011)
MotorHP / Volts / RPM / EfficPetersburg Medical Center - Major Equipment InventoryCapacityNotesUnit IDLocation Function Make ModelDHWH 2 1967 Boiler Room High Temperature Water Heater Boch 241E ASME 109 Gallon 277000 BTU/HrDirect HW HeaterDHWH 3 1967 Boiler Room Domestic Hot Water Heater250 GallonIndirect HW HeaterP 14 1967 Boiler Room Domestic HeatB+G1/3 HP/ 220 V/60%P 15 1967 Boiler Room Domestic HeatB+G1/3 HP/ 220 V/60%P 16 1967 Boiler Room Domestic Hot WaterB+G1/3 HP/ 220 V/60%P 17 1967 Boiler Room Hot Water CirculationB+G1/3 HP/ 220 V/60%XFMR AtticPanel 2 ELA XFMRSquare D 30 T3H 30 KVAXFMR AtticPanel 2 HA XFMRSquare D 45 T3H 45 KVAMUF 1 AtticMake Up AirFantech FR150 220 CFM 115 VE 13 AtticPowerline 200BIC8F 1435 CFM 1/2 HP/ 115 V/ 1725 RPM/62%AHU 6 AtticTrane 6B 2600 CFM 1/2 HP/ 480 V/ 1725 RPM/62%P 12 AtticAHU 6 Recirculation Pump TACO 3-843/4 HP/ 480 V/ 1725 RPM/75%AHU 4/2 Clinic Wing Electric HeaterTrane K10K95999 2300 CFM 2 HP/ 480 V/ 1725 RPM/80.8% 20 KWXFMR Clinic 1st Floor TransformerSquare D 150 T3H 150 KVAEF 1 Med 223Med 223 Exhaust Fan80 CFM 85 W/ 120 VEF 2 Lab 226Lab 226 Exhaust Fan80 CFM 85 W/ 120 VEF 3 Toilet 228Toilet 228 Exhaust Fan80 CFM 85 W/ 120 VEF 4 Proc2 113Proc2 113 Exhaust FanGreenheck SP-A200 170 CFM 48 W/ 120 VEF 5 Proc3 114Proc3 114 Exhaust FanGreenheck SP-A200 170 CFM 48 W/ 120 VEF 6 Proc1 218Proc1 218 Exhaust FanGreenheck SP-A200 170 CFM 48 W/ 120 V
Petersburg Medical Center 40 Energy Audit (December 2011)
MotorHP / Volts / RPM / EfficPetersburg Medical Center - Major Equipment InventoryCapacityNotesUnit IDLocation Function Make ModelEF 7 Toilet 219Toilet 219 Exhaust FanGreenheck SP-A125 100 CFM 53 W/ 120 VEF 8 Electric 213 Electric 213 Exhaust Fan Greenheck SP-A125 100 CFM 53 W/ 120 VEF 9 CONF 104 CONF 104 Exhaust Fan Greenheck SP-A290 250 CFM 81 W/ 120 VEF 10 Elevator Mechanical Elevator Mechanical Exhaust Fan Greenheck SP-A125 100 CFM 53 W/ 120 VEF 11 Toilet 107Toilet 107 Exhaust FanGreenheck SP-A125 100 CFM 53 W/ 120 VEF 12 Electric 108 Electric 108 Exhaust Fan Greenheck SP-A390 300 CFM 135 W/ 120 VAC 1 1st WestServer CoolerFujitsu AOU24RC 23500 BTU/Hr CoolerAC 2 1st WestServer CoolerFujitsu AOU24CL 24200 BTU/Hr Cooler
Petersburg Medical Center 41 Energy Audit (December 2011)
Appendix D
Abbreviations
AHU Air handling unit
BTU British thermal unit
BTUH BTU per hour
CBJ City and Borough of Juneau
CMU Concrete masonry unit
CO2 Carbon dioxide
CUH Cabinet unit heater
DDC Direct digital controls
DHW Domestic hot water
EAD Exhaust air damper
EEM Energy efficiency measure
EF Exhaust fan
Gyp Bd Gypsum board
HVAC Heating, Ventilating, Air-
conditioning
HW Hot water
HWRP Hot water recirculating pump
KVA Kilovolt-amps
kW Kilowatt
kWh Kilowatt-hour
LED Light emitting diode
MBH 1,000 Btu per hour
MMBH 1,000,000 Btu per hour
OAD Outside air damper
PSI Per square inch
PSIG Per square inch gage
RAD Return air damper
RF Return fan
SIR Savings to investment ratio
SF Supply fan
UV Unit ventilator
VAV Variable air volume
VFD Variable frequency drive
Petersburg Medical Center 42 Energy Audit (December 2011)