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HomeMy WebLinkAboutSEA-AEE-Skagway K-12 School 2012-EE Skagway K-12 School City of Skagway Funded by: Final Report February 2012 Prepared by: Energy Audit Table of Contents Section 1: Executive Summary 2  Section 2: Introduction 6  Section 3: Energy Efficiency Measures 8  Section 4: Description of Systems 14  Section 5: Methodology 17  Appendix A: Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 20  Appendix B: Energy and Utility Data 26  Appendix C: Equipment Data 32  Appendix D: Abbreviations 35  Audit Team The energy audit is performed by Alaska Energy Engineering LLC of Juneau, Alaska. The audit team consists of:  Jim Rehfeldt, P.E., Energy Engineer  Jack Christiansen, Energy Consultant  Brad Campbell, Energy Auditor  Loras O’Toole P.E., Mechanical Engineer  Will Van Dyken P.E., Electrical Engineer  Curt Smit, P.E., Mechanical Engineer  Philip Iverson, Construction Estimator  Karla Hart, Technical Publications Specialist  Jill Carlile, Data Analyst  Grayson Carlile, Energy Modeler Skagway K-12 School 1 Energy Audit (February 2012) Section 1 Executive Summary An energy audit of the Skagway K-12 School was performed by Alaska Energy Engineering LLC. The investment grade audit was funded by Alaska Housing Finance Corporation (AHFC) to identify opportunities to improve the energy performance of public buildings throughout Alaska. Skagway School is a 45,518 square foot building that contains commons, classrooms, offices, a music room, a gym, a kitchen, a library, a shop, storage, and mechanical support spaces. Building Assessment The following summarizes our assessment of the building. Envelope The envelope of the Skagway School appears to be well preserved and is providing good service. The shell package is both attractive and efficient in design and construction. Building envelope issues include:  Complex Framing: The design of the attic mechanical spaces required significant attention to detail during the construction phase to create a contiguous vapor barrier around the conditioned spaces. This is because the vapor barrier on the exterior walls and perimeter ceiling spaces must transition between all of the ceiling joists to the inside of the attic walls and maintain a seal while doing so. The large metal trusses and wood beams in the attic mechanical spaces that penetrate the vapor barrier surface compound the difficulty of this exercise. At the contact point of the drywall and the metal trusses or wooden beams, air infiltration could be felt when the AHU’s were operated and the attic space became negatively pressurized. Air infiltration could be reduced along these intersections with the application of a spray foam sealant.  Failed Insulation: Approximately 40 square feet of insulation have fallen down in the ceiling space above Room 316.  Arctic Entrances: Double door entries are not installed at the ends of the hallways. As a result the main classroom hallways have been difficult to heat during periods of cold weather. School operations have had to be modified to limit the use of these hallway doors as ‘emergency exits’ only in an attempt to retain hallway heat. Double door entries should be included on all new construction.  Exterior Doors: Exterior doors are not thermally broken. Future exterior door replacement selection should include this feature. Weather stripping on several doors is in poor condition and should be replaced. Skagway K-12 School 2 Energy Audit (February 2012) Heating System The school spaces are heated by two fuel oil boilers that provide heat to seven air handling unit systems, unit heaters, and perimeter hydronic systems. In addition to meeting the heating demands of the school, the boilers have adequate capacity to supply all domestic hot water needs. However, a 250-gallon oil-fired hot water heater is currently utilized for this purpose. Oil-fired hot water heaters have cycling and standby losses and require maintenance, hence operational and maintenance efficiencies are reduced. Staff recognizes that the system is oversized and has isolated and shut down the original 500-gallon unit. The 250-gallon unit presently supplies the entire school. The original water heaters are sized to carry all of the domestic hot water needs, including an excessive anticipated shower water demand. Staff observed that the showers have only been used twice during this school year. This is a common defect in school domestic hot water system sizing; the hot water systems and subsequent boiler sizing are oversized based on a level of shower water consumption that never materializes. Because the boilers are operating the entire school year, both domestic hot water heaters could be removed and replaced with two 120-gallon indirect hot water heaters. In addition, because the boilers are oversized to meet an unnecessarily high hot water heating demand and they are now 28 years old, replacing one unit with a modern and more efficient properly sized unit should be considered. The remainder of the fuel oil boiler heating system appears to be in good condition; however fairly simple improvements can be made to improve its effectiveness and efficiency. These are outlined in Section 3, Energy Efficiency Measures. Ventilation Systems The building has seven air handling unit systems, three of which are not in use. These include AHU-3 for the shop, AHU-6 for the locker rooms and AHU-7 for the music room. To reduce energy consumption, the remaining units (with the exception of AHU-5 for the gym) have schedules that turn off the units when the school is not occupied. The ventilation to the classrooms has been reduced by closing the variable air volume boxes serving each classroom. While this measure and the reduction of AHU run-hours has been helpful from an operational cost perspective, air quality is reduced due to the lack of outside air exchanged in the school. The metric for air quality and the need for exchanging new air is the CO2 level within a space. Guidelines suggest that CO2 levels not exceed the ASHRAE action level of 1000 ppm. The CO2 levels were checked throughout the building and the following levels were found:  Hallways, gym, lockers, multipurpose room, and offices 500-600 ppm  Individual classes with 5-10 students 1000-1100 ppm  Room 303 at the end of the hallway 1130 ppm We recommend that AHU-1 and AHU-2 run times be increased and that air flow be reestablished to the classrooms to provide higher quality air to the high school and elementary wings of the building. While the CO2 levels of the locker rooms were acceptable, we also recommend that AHU-6 and EF-1 be operated for at least half an hour per day to exchange the air in those spaces to help reduce moisture levels and the subsequent threat of mold/mildew issues. Skagway K-12 School 3 Energy Audit (February 2012) Lighting Interior lighting consists primarily of T12 and T8 fluorescent fixtures throughout the classrooms, commons, and office spaces. Staff has converted approximately 50% of the T12 fixtures to more efficient T8 lamps and expects to complete the conversion of all fixtures to T8’s by next summer. All calculations of potential energy savings have been made using the more efficient T8 fixtures. Metal halide lighting is used in the library and the gym. Existing gym lighting utilizes 28 pendant- mounted metal halide bulbs to light the space for approximately 60 hours per week to support school- hour class activities and after-school sports and community events. It is estimated that lighting hours could be reduced to 40 hours/week with the selection of a lamp that can start instantaneously because staff currently do not shut off metal halide fixtures once energized so they don’t have to wait 10-15 minutes for restart. Only 50% of the lighting in the library is typically utilized because the 250-watt metal halide fixtures over light the space. Staff would like to replace the library metal halide lighting with a more efficient fixture that still provides the ability to be dimmed when necessary. Exterior lighting primarily consists of metal halide lighting. Only 4 of the 24 outdoor architectural wall lights are utilized, and only for evenings with special events. Because lighting operational hours are controlled by staff, operational costs for lighting with existing infrastructure are kept to a minimum. Replacement of existing exterior metal halide fixtures with more efficient units is a solution for further reducing operational costs. Summary It was the assessment of the energy audit team that the majority of the building energy losses are due to the need to optimize air handling unit schedules and operations, the lack of occupancy sensor control of restroom lighting and fans, and the need to improve lighting efficiency in the gym space. Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs) All buildings have opportunities to improve their energy efficiency. The energy audit revealed several opportunities in which an efficiency investment will result in a net reduction in long-term operating costs. Behavioral and Operational EEMs The following EEMs require behavioral and operational changes in the building use. The savings are not readily quantifiable but these EEMs are highly recommended as low-cost opportunities that are a standard of high performance buildings. EEM-1: Replace Broken Window EEM-2: Install Indirect Hot Water Heaters EEM-3: Clear Access to Perimeter Heaters EEM-4: Install Pipe and Valve Insulation Skagway K-12 School 4 Energy Audit (February 2012) High and Medium Priority EEMs The following EEMs are recommended for investment. They are ranked by life cycle savings to investment ratio (SIR). This ranking method places a priority on low cost EEMs which can be immediately funded, generating energy savings to fund higher cost EEMs in the following years. Negative values, in parenthesis, represent savings. 25-Year Life Cycle Cost Analysis Investment Operating Energy Total SIR High Priority EEM-5: Isolate Lag Boiler $500 $2,000 ($39,700) ($37,200) 75.4 EEM-6: Electrical Room Heat Recovery $1,800 $0 ($23,100) ($21,300) 12.8 EEM-7: Replace Aerators $800 $0 ($6,400) ($5,600) 8.0 EEM-8: Perform Boiler Combustion Test $700 $12,300 ($15,100) ($2,100) 4.0 EEM-9: Optimize HVAC Systems $111,000 $5,100 ($410,400) ($294,300) 3.7 Medium Priority EEM-10: Upgrade Motors $6,000 $0 ($13,300) ($7,300) 2.2 EEM-11: Install Occupancy Sensors $16,200 ($600) ($35,600) ($20,000) 2.2 EEM-12: Upgrade Gym Lighting $29,800 ($2,100) ($59,600) ($31,900) 2.1 EEM-13: Boiler Room Heat Recovery $107,500 $4,300 ($187,000) ($75,200) 1.7 Totals* $274,300 $21,000 ($790,200) ($494,900) 2.8 *The analysis is based on each EEM being independent of the others. While it is likely that some EEMs are interrelated, an isolated analysis is used to demonstrate the economics because the audit team is not able to predict which EEMs an Owner may choose to implement. If several EEMs are implemented, the resulting energy savings is likely to differ from the sum of each EEM projection. Summary The energy audit revealed numerous opportunities for improving the energy performance of the building. We recommend that the behavioral and high priority EEMs be implemented now to generate energy savings from which to fund the medium priority EEMs. Another avenue to consider is to borrow money from AHFCs revolving loan fund for public buildings. AHFC will loan money for energy improvements under terms that allow for paying back the money from the energy savings. More information on this option can be found online at http://www.ahfc.us/loans/akeerlf_loan.cfm. Skagway K-12 School 5 Energy Audit (February 2012) Section 2 Introduction This report presents the findings of an energy audit of the Skagway K-12 School located in Skagway, Alaska. The purpose of this investment grade energy audit is to evaluate the infrastructure and its subsequent energy performance to identify applicable energy efficiencies measures (EEMs). The energy audit report contains the following sections:  Introduction: Building use and energy consumption.  Energy Efficiency Measures: Priority ranking of the EEMs with a description, energy analysis, and life cycle cost analysis.  Description of Systems: Background description of the building energy systems.  Methodology: Basis for how construction and maintenance cost estimates are derived and the economic and energy factors used for the analysis. BUILDING USE Skagway School is a 45,518 square foot building that contains commons, classrooms, offices, a music room, a gym, a kitchen, a library, a shop, storage, and mechanical support spaces. The school is operated by 15 staff and attended by 58 students. The facility schedule is:  Teachers: 8:00 am – 4:00 pm (M-F)  Students: 8:15 am – 3:15 pm (M-F)  Gym Average of three hours per day between 8:00 am – 4:00 pm (M-F) 4:00 pm - 6:00 pm (M-F) Sports Practice Building History  1983 – Original Construction  1984 – School Addition Skagway K-12 School 6 Energy Audit (February 2012) Energy Consumption The building energy sources include an electric service and a fuel oil tank. Fuel oil is used for the majority of the heating loads and domestic hot water while electricity serves all other loads. The following table shows annual energy use and cost. Annual Energy Consumption and Cost Source Consumption Cost Energy, MMBtu Electricity 234,000 kWh $50,200 798 32% Fuel Oil 12,500 Gallons $42,800 1,698 68% Totals - $93,000 2,496 100% Electricity This chart shows electrical energy use from 2008 to 2011. The effective cost— energy costs plus demand charges—is 21.4¢ per kWh. Fuel Oil This chart shows heating energy use from 2008 to 2011. The chart compares annual use with the heating degree days which is a measurement of the demand for energy to heat a building. A year with a higher number of degree days reflects colder outside temperatures and a higher heating requirement. Cost of Heat Comparison This chart shows a comparison of the current cost of fuel oil heat and electric heat. The comparison is based on a fuel oil conversion efficiency of 70% and electric boiler conversion efficiency of 95%. Fuel oil heat is currently less expensive than electric heat. Skagway K-12 School 7 Energy Audit (February 2012) Section 3 Energy Efficiency Measures The following energy efficiency measures (EEMs) were identified during the energy audit. The EEMs are priority ranked and, where applicable, subjected to energy and life cycle cost analysis. Appendix A contains the energy and life cycle cost analysis spreadsheets. The EEMs are grouped into the following prioritized categories:  Behavioral or Operational: EEMs that require minimal capital investment but require operational or behavioral changes. The EEMs provide a life cycle savings but an analysis is not performed because the guaranteed energy savings is difficult quantify.  High Priority: EEMs that require a small capital investment and offer a life cycle savings. Also included in this category are higher cost EEMs that offer significant life cycle savings.  Medium Priority: EEMs that require a significant capital investment to provide a life cycle savings. Many medium priority EEMs provide a high life cycle savings and offer substantial incentive to increase investment in building energy efficiency. BEHAVIORAL OR OPERATIONAL The following EEMs are recommended for implementation. They require behavioral or operational changes that can occur with minimal investment to achieve immediate savings. These EEMs are not easily quantified by analysis because they cannot be accurately predicted. They are recommended because they offer a life cycle savings, represent good practice, and are accepted features of high performance buildings. EEM-1: Replace Broken Window Purpose: A window on the west end of the elementary wing has a hole in the outer pane from a BB gun. Energy will be saved if broken window is repaired. Scope: Repair broken window. EEM-2: Install Indirect Hot Water Heaters Purpose: The boilers have adequate capacity to heat the building and the domestic hot water. However, there are two oil-fired hot water heaters, of which only the smaller 250 gallon unit is in service. The direct heaters have higher heat loss and maintenance requirements than an indirect hot water heater. We recommend that when the oil-fired units reach the end of their service life they are replaced with two indirect hot water heaters. Scope: When the oil-fired hot water heaters fail, replace them with indirect hot water heaters connected to the hydronic heating system. Skagway K-12 School 8 Energy Audit (February 2012) EEM-3: Clear Access to Perimeter Heaters Purpose: In some of the school rooms the furniture and shelving units are pushed up against the perimeter heaters. For the perimeter heating units to operate as effectively and efficiently as possible, they must have a clear path for air flow above and below them. In the stage room where bookshelves were blocking over half of the perimeter heaters, the staff member in the room needed to turn up the thermostat in the space during class hours. Energy will be saved if staff keeps access to the perimeter heaters open. Scope: Educate staff of the importance to not block air flow to the base or top of the perimeter heating units and verify clear access on a routine basis. EEM-4: Install Pipe and Valve Insulation Purpose: Approximately 50 square feet of piping and valves are uninsulated in the boiler room, including the boiler expansion tank and aerator. Energy will be saved if these sections of piping and distribution components are optimally insulated. Scope: Install insulation on piping and distribution components. HIGH PRIORITY The following EEMs are recommended for implementation because they are low cost measures that have a high savings to investment ratio. The EEMs are listed from highest to lowest priority. Negative values, in parenthesis, represent savings. EEM-5: Isolate Lag Boiler Purpose: During periods when the outside temperature is warm enough that only one boiler needs to be operated, circulating hot water through an isolated boiler in a dual boiler system can result in a 3% efficiency loss of the operable boiler due to the isolated boiler acting as a heat sink. Energy will be saved if only a single boiler is on line when temperatures permit. Scope: Shut down and isolate the lag boiler when only a single boiler is needed to support building operations. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $120 ($1,400) ($1,280) $500 $2,000 ($39,700) ($37,200) 75.4 EEM-6: Electrical Room Heat Recovery Purpose: Heat is generated by equipment operating in the electrical room. This heat is removed with an exhaust fan. Energy will be saved if this generated heat is returned within the shell of the building. Scope: Re-route exhaust air ducting to return electrical room heat to the building. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($810) ($810) $1,800 $0 ($23,100) ($21,300) 12.8 Skagway K-12 School 9 Energy Audit (February 2012) EEM-7: Replace Aerators Purpose: Energy and water will be saved by replacing the lavatory aerators with low-flow models. Scope: Replace aerators on lavatories with water-conserving fixtures. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($250) ($250) $800 $0 ($6,400) ($5,600) 8.0 EEM-8: Perform a Boiler Combustion Test Purpose: Operating the boiler with an optimum amount of excess air will improve combustion efficiency. Annual cleaning followed by a combustion test is recommended. Scope: Annually clean and perform a combustion test on the boiler. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $720 ($530) $190 $700 $12,300 ($15,100) ($2,100) 4.0 Skagway K-12 School 10 Energy Audit (February 2012) EEM-9: Optimize HVAC Systems Purpose: The building utilizes constant volume heating and ventilation system units to provide conditioned air to interior spaces during the normal operational schedule, after school hours for activities, and as needed on weekends. Under most conditions the space occupancy throughout the majority of these operational hours is less than the design occupancy. This results in an unnecessarily high fuel and electric demand to support school operations. Energy will be saved if modifications are made to the respective air handling systems to reduce air flow when not needed. Scope: Perform repairs as follows and recommission all air handling units to perform as a properly integrated system when completed.  AHU-1 and AHU-2 These systems are currently only operated to heat the corridors during cold weather. This operating mode does not properly ventilate the classrooms. We recommend operating the systems whenever the classrooms are occupied and improving their efficiency with the following: - Convert controls to DDC. - Remove corridors from the systems and operate fans with minimum 10% outside air for ventilation. - Replace turn vanes with VFD’s to modulate fan speed.  AHU-4 (Cafeteria) - Modify controls to provide sequential control of mixing dampers and heating coil to maintain room setpoint with CO2 sensor override of mixing dampers.  AHU-5 (Gym) - Modify controls to provide sequential control of mixing dampers and heating coil to maintain room setpoint with CO2 sensor override of mixing dampers. - Install VFD to modulate air flow with cooling requirements; minimum flow of 50%.  Hydronic Heating System - Operate one pump during mild weather and two pumps during cold weather. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $300 ($16,290) ($15,990) $111,000 $5,100 ($410,400) ($294,300) 3.7 Skagway K-12 School 11 Energy Audit (February 2012) MEDIUM PRIORITY Medium priority EEMs will require planning and a higher level of investment. They are recommended because they offer a life cycle savings. The EEMs are listed from highest to lowest priority. Negative values, in parenthesis, represent savings. EEM-10: Upgrade Motors to Premium Efficiency Purpose: The equipment inspection identified five motors that can be upgraded with premium efficiency models to save energy. They are: - AHU-5 7.5 HP - CP-1 2 HP - CP-3 3 HP - AC-1 2 HP (x2) Scope: Replace identified motors with premium efficiency motors. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($680) ($680) $6,000 $0 ($13,300) ($7,300) 2.2 EEM-11: Install Occupancy Sensors in Locker Rooms Purpose: Lighting controls for the gym locker rooms are on a manual switch and frequently remain on even when the rooms are unoccupied. Energy will be saved if a motion detector is installed to minimize unnecessary lighting hours. We recommend that a 10-minute delay time is used on the occupancy sensor. Lighting and exhaust in the toilet rooms are manually controlled from the wall switch and frequently remain on even when unoccupied. Energy will be saved if an occupancy sensor is installed to minimize unnecessary lighting and exhaust fan run hours. We recommend that a 5-minute delay time is used on the occupancy sensor. Scope: Install an occupancy sensor in each locker room and toilet room to control lighting and the exhaust fans. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR ($30) ($1,360) ($1,390) $16,200 ($600) ($35,600) ($20,000) 2.2 Skagway K-12 School 12 Energy Audit (February 2012) EEM-12: Upgrade Gym Lighting Purpose: The existing gym lighting consists of 28 pendant-mounted metal halide fixtures. Staff currently keeps the lighting on all day despite variable occupancy so they don’t have to wait 10-15 minutes for restart. We estimate that lighting hours could be reduced by 20 hours per week by using a lamp that can start instantaneously. Similar light levels could be achieved with multi-lamp T5 lighting. Energy will be saved if the 28 metal halide light fixtures are replaced with 6-bulb T5 units. Scope: Replace metal halide lights with 6-bulb T5 units. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR ($120) ($3,030) ($3,150) $29,800 ($2,100) ($59,600) ($31,900) 2.1 EEM-13: Boiler Room Heat Recovery Purpose: Heat generated by the boilers, equipment, and piping is currently rejected outdoors by VF-1. Energy will be saved if this generated heat is transferred as beneficial heat within the building. Scope: Install an air-to-water heat pump in the boiler room. Distribute the heat via hydronic piping to a fan coil unit installed in each hallway. Replace VF-1 with a motorized damper that opens whenever a boiler is firing. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $250 ($5,410) ($5,160) $107,500 $4,300 ($187,000) ($75,200) 1.7 Skagway K-12 School 13 Energy Audit (February 2012) Section 4 Description of Systems ENERGY SYSTEMS This section provides a general description of the building systems. Energy conservation opportunities are addressed in Section 3, Energy Efficiency Measures. Building Envelope R-value Component Description (inside to outside) Existing Optimal Exterior Wall 5/8” Gyp. bd, 2”x8” studs 16” o.c., R-30 batt, ½” plywood, siding R-32 R-30 Roof 24” o.c. joists w/ R-38 batt, 5/8” gyp. bd. (2 layers) R-38 R-46 Floor Slab 4” Concrete slab-on-grade R-10 R-10 Foundation 8” concrete w/ 2” perimeter insulation board R-10 R-20 Windows Double pane windows w/ storm window inserts R-3 R-5 Doors Steel doors w/ non-thermally broken frames R-1.5 R-5 Heating System The building is heated by two fuel oil boilers that provide heat to seven air handling unit systems, unit heaters, and perimeter hydronic systems. The heating system has the following pumps:  CP-1 supplies heat to AHU’s 1, 2, 3, 6, & 7  CP-2 and CP-3 supply heat to AHU’s 4 & 5 and the baseboard heaters  HWCP-1 is the domestic hot water circulation pump Skagway K-12 School 14 Energy Audit (February 2012) Ventilation Systems Area Fan System Description High School AHU-1 12,000 cfm 10 hp constant volume air handling unit consisting of a heating coil, mixing box, filter section, and supply fan. Unit is currently serving just the hallway; classroom VAV boxes are disabled. Elementary Hallway AHU-2 12,000 cfm 10 hp constant volume air handling unit consisting of a heating coil, mixing box, filter section, and supply fan. Unit is currently serving just the hallway; classroom VAV boxes are disabled. Shop AHU-3 4,200 cfm 3 hp constant volume air handling unit consisting of a heating coil, mixing box, filter section, and supply fan (not used) Multi-purpose Room AHU-4 4,300 cfm 3 hp constant volume air handling unit consisting of a heating coil, mixing box, filter section, and supply fan Gym AHU-5 12,800 cfm 7.5 hp constant volume air handling unit consisting of a heating coil, mixing box, filter section, and supply fan Locker Rooms AHU-6 3,000 cfm 2 hp constant volume air handling unit consisting of a heating coil, mixing box, filter section, heat recovery from EF-1, and supply fan (not used) Stage AHU-7 3,900 cfm 2 hp constant volume air handling unit consisting of a heating coil, mixing box, filter section, and supply fan Locker Rooms EF-1 3,300 cfm 2 hp constant volume exhaust fan with heat recovery New Addition Restrooms EF-1a 500 cfm constant volume exhaust fan (not used) High School Restrooms EF-2 500 cfm constant volume exhaust fan Janitors Closet EF-4 170 cfm constant volume exhaust fan Electrical Room EF-5 160 cfm constant volume exhaust fan Special Education Restroom EF-6 145 cfm constant volume exhaust fan Boiler Room VF-1 5,100 cfm ½ hp constant volume exhaust fan Domestic Hot Water System The domestic hot water system consists of a 250-gallon oil-fired hot water heater that is on-line and a 500-gallon oil-fired hot water heater that is disconnected. The original water heaters are sized to carry the anticipated shower demand, but staff observed that the showers have only been used twice this school year. Because the boilers are also operating the entire school year, both domestic hot water heaters could be removed and replaced with two smaller indirect hot water heaters. Automatic Control System The building has a DDC system to control the operation of the heating and ventilation systems. Energy can be saved through further optimization of fan system scheduling combined with a retro- commissioning of the air handler systems. Skagway K-12 School 15 Energy Audit (February 2012) Lighting Interior lighting consists primarily of T12 and T8 fluorescent fixtures throughout the classrooms, commons, and office spaces. Staff has completed approximately 50% of the conversion of T12 lighting fixtures to the more efficient T8 models and expects to complete the conversion of all fixtures to T8’s by next summer. All calculations of potential energy savings have been made using the more efficient T8 fixtures. Metal halide lighting is used in the library and the gym. Existing gym lighting utilizes 28 pendant- mounted metal halide bulbs to light the space for approximately 60 hours per week to support school- hour class activities and after-school sports and community events. We estimate that lighting hours can be reduced to 40 hours/week with the selection of a lamp that can start instantaneously—staff does not currently shut off metal halide fixtures once they are energized so as to avoid a 10-15 minute wait for restart. Only 50% of the lighting in the library is typically utilized because 250-watt metal halide fixtures were installed. Staff would like to replace the library metal halide lighting with a more efficient fixture that still provides the ability to be dimmed when necessary. Exterior lighting consists primarily of metal halide lighting. Only four of the 24 outdoor architectural wall lights are utilized, and only for evenings with special events. Because lighting operational hours are controlled by staff, operational costs for lighting with existing infrastructure are kept to a minimum. Replacement of existing exterior metal halide fixtures with more efficient units is a solution for further reducing operational costs. Electric Equipment Commercial equipment for food preparation is located in the kitchen and surrounding spaces. Skagway K-12 School 16 Energy Audit (February 2012) Section 5 Methodology Information for the energy audit was gathered through on-site observations, review of construction documents, and interviews with operation and maintenance personnel. The EEMs are evaluated using energy and life cycle cost analyses and are priority ranked for implementation. Energy Efficiency Measures Energy efficiency measures are identified by evaluating the building’s energy systems and comparing them to systems in modern, high performance buildings. The process for identifying the EEMs acknowledges the realities of an existing building that was constructed when energy costs were much lower. Many of the opportunities used in modern high performance buildings—highly insulated envelopes, variable capacity mechanical systems, heat pumps, daylighting, lighting controls, etc.— simply cannot be economically incorporated into an existing building. The EEMs represent practical measures to improve the energy efficiency of the buildings, taking into account the realities of limited budgets. If a future major renovation project occurs, additional EEMs common to high performance buildings should be incorporated. Life Cycle Cost Analysis The EEMs are evaluated using life cycle cost analysis which determines if an energy efficiency investment will provide a savings over a 25-year life. The analysis incorporates construction, replacement, maintenance, repair, and energy costs to determine the total cost over the life of the EEM. Future maintenance and energy cash flows are discounted to present worth using escalation factors for general inflation, energy inflation, and the value of money. The methodology is based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Handbook 135 – Life Cycle Cost Analysis. Life cycle cost analysis is preferred to simple payback for facilities that have long—often perpetual— service lives. Simple payback, which compares construction cost and present energy cost, is reasonable for short time periods of 2-4 years, but yields below optimal results over longer periods because it does not properly account for the time value of money or inflationary effects on operating budgets. Accounting for energy inflation and the time value of money properly sums the true cost of facility ownership and seeks to minimize the life cycle cost. Construction Costs The cost estimates are derived based on a preliminary understanding of the scope of each EEM as gathered during the walk-through audit. The construction costs for in-house labor are $60 per hour for work typically performed by maintenance staff and $110 per hour for contract labor. The cost estimate assumes the work will be performed as part of a larger renovation or energy efficiency upgrade project. When implementing EEMs, the cost estimate should be revisited once the scope and preferred method of performing the work has been determined. It is possible some EEMs will not provide a life cycle savings when the scope is finalized. Skagway K-12 School 17 Energy Audit (February 2012) Maintenance Costs Maintenance costs are based on in-house or contract labor using historical maintenance efforts and industry standards. Maintenance costs over the 25-year life of each EEM are included in the life cycle cost calculation spreadsheets and represent the level of effort to maintain the systems. Energy Analysis The energy performance of an EEM is evaluated within the operating parameters of the building. A comprehensive energy audit would rely on a computer model of the building to integrate building energy systems and evaluate the energy savings of each EEM. This investment grade audit does not utilize a computer model, so energy savings are calculated with factors that account for the dynamic operation of the building. Energy savings and costs are estimated for the 25-year life of the EEM using appropriate factors for energy inflation. Prioritization Each EEM is prioritized based on the life cycle savings to investment ratio (SIR) using the following formula: Prioritization Factor = Life Cycle Savings / Capital Costs This approach factor puts significant weight on the capital cost of an EEM, making lower cost EEMs more favorable. Skagway K-12 School 18 Energy Audit (February 2012) Economic Factors The following economic factors are significant to the findings. Nominal Interest Rate: This is the nominal rate of return on an investment without regard to inflation. The analysis uses a rate of 5%. Inflation Rate: This is the average inflationary change in prices over time. The analysis uses an inflation rate of 2%. Economic Period: The analysis is based on a 25-year economic period with construction beginning in 2012. Fuel Oil Fuel oil currently costs $4.03 per gallon for a seasonally adjusted blend of #1 and #2 fuel oil. The analysis is based on 6% fuel oil inflation which has been the average for the past 20-years. Electricity Electricity is supplied by Alaska Power and Telephone. The rate schedule is: Alaska Power Company Bulk Power A-2 Electricity ($ / kWh ) $0.0946 Cost of Power Adjustment ($ / kWh) $0.0901 Demand ( $ / kW ) $6.95 Customer Charge ( $ / mo ) $84.52 Summary The following table summarizes the energy and economic factors used in the analysis. Summary of Economic and Energy Factors Factor Rate or Cost Factor Rate or Cost Nominal Discount Rate 5% Electricity $0.214/kwh General Inflation Rate 2% Electricity Inflation 3% Fuel Oil Cost (2012) $4.03/gal Fuel Oil Inflation 6% Skagway K-12 School 19 Energy Audit (February 2012) Appendix A Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis Skagway K-12 School 20 Energy Audit (February 2012) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Skagway K-12 School Basis Economic Study Period (years) 25 Nominal Discount Rate 5%General Inflation 2% Energy 2011 $/gal Fuel Inflation 2012 $/gal Fuel Oil $4.03 6% $4.27 Electricity $/kWh (2011)$/kW (2011)Inflation $/kWh (2012)$/kW (2012) w/ Demand Charges $0.185 $6.95 3% $0.191 $7.16 w/o Demand Charges $0.214 -3% $0.220 - EEM-5: Isolate Lag Boiler Energy Analysis Boiler Input MBH Loss %Loss MBH Hours, exist Hours, new kBtu η boiler Gallons B-1 1,905 0.5% 10 6,480 3,240 -30,857 68%-328 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Establish procedure for isolating boiler 0 1 ea $500 $500 Annual Costs Isolate boilers annually 1 - 25 2 hrs $60.00 $2,043 Energy Costs Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -328 gal $4.27 ($39,671) Net Present Worth ($37,100) EEM-6: Electrical Room Heat Recovery Energy Analysis Fuel Oil Watts Hours MBH kBtu η boiler Gallons -600 8,760 -2 -17,933 68% -190 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Exhaust fan ductowrk and exhaust grille 0 1 LS $1,000 $1,000 Estimating contingency 0 15%$150 Overhead & profit 0 30%$345 Design fees 0 10%$150 Project management 0 8%$132 Energy Costs Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -190 gal $4.27 ($23,056) Net Present Worth ($21,300) Skagway K-12 School 21 Energy Audit (February 2012) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Skagway K-12 School EEM-7: Replace Aerators Energy Analysis η boiler 68% Fixture Existing Proposed Uses/day Days Water,Gals % HW kBTU Gallons Lavatories 0.3 0.2 200 198 -7,128 80% -3,805 -40 -7,128 -40 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Replace lavatory aerators 0 23 ea $35 $805 Energy Costs Water 1 - 25 -7 kgals $10.960 ($1,536) Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -40 gal $4.27 ($4,891) Net Present Worth ($5,600) EEM-8: Perform Boiler Combustion Test Energy Analysis Annual Gal % Savings Savings, Gal 12,500 -1.0% -125 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Purchase combustion analyzer 0 1 LS $700 $700 Annual Costs Clean and combustion test boiler 1 - 25 12 hrs $60.00 $12,259 Energy Costs Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -125 gal $4.27 ($15,135) Net Present Worth ($2,200) Gallons per Use Skagway K-12 School 22 Energy Audit (February 2012) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Skagway K-12 School EEM-9: Optimize HVAC Systems Energy Analysis Fan Case CFM ΔP η, fan BHP η, motor kW Hours kWh AHU-1 Existing -12,000 3.00 60%-9 91%-8 1,620 -12,537 Optimized 8,000 2.00 60%4 91%3 1,620 5,572 AHU-2 Existing -12,000 3.00 60%-9 91%-8 1,620 -12,537 Optimized 8,000 2.00 60%4 91%3 1,620 5,572 AHU-5 Existing -12,800 1.60 55%-6 90%-5 1,260 -6,119 Optimized 8,000 1.25 55%3 90%2 1,260 2,988 S-3 Existing -6,000 3.00 55%-5 89%-4 0 Optimized 4,000 2.00 55%2 93%2 0 S-6 Existing -2,400 1.25 50%-1 86%-1 0 Optimized 1,500 0.75 50%0 86%0 0 S-7 Existing -3,600 1.00 50%-1 88%-1 0 Optimized 1,800 0.75 50%0 88%0 0 -15 -17,061 Ventilation SA CFM MAT T,room MBH Hours kBtu η boiler Gallons AHU-1 Existing -8,000 60 70 -86 1,620 -139,968 68%-1,486 Optimized 8,000 64 70 52 1,620 83,981 68%892 AHU-2 Existing -8,000 60 70 -86 1,620 -139,968 68%-1,486 Optimized 8,000 64 70 52 1,620 83,981 68%892 AHU-4 Existing -4,300 45 70 -116 540 -62,694 68%-666 Optimized 4,300 62 70 37 540 20,062 68%213 AHU-5 Existing -12,800 62 70 -111 1,260 -139,346 68%-1,480 Optimized 8,000 64 70 52 1,260 65,318 68%694 S-7 Existing -3,600 60 70 -39 0 68%0 Optimized 1,800 65 70 10 0 68%0 -228,634 -2,428 Pumping Energy Pump GPM Head η pump BHP η motor kW Hours kWh CP-1 -116 30 65% -1.8 89% -1.5 6,480 -9,838 CP-3 -160 40 75% -2.9 89% -2.4 6,480 -15,680 CP-1 116 30 65% 1.8 89% 1.5 5,040 7,651 CP-3 160 40 75% 2.9 89% 2.4 4,320 10,453 -7,413 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Convert AHU-1 and AHU-2 to DDC 0 20 pts $1,500 $30,000 Install VFD for AHU-1 and AHU-2 0 2 LS $7,500 $15,000 AHU-4 and AHU-5: Install CO2 sensor and modify controls 0 2 ea $5,000 $10,000 Install VFD for AHU-5 0 1 LS $7,500 $7,500 Estimating contingency 0 15%$9,375 Overhead & profit 0 30% $21,563 Design fees 0 10%$9,344 Project management 0 8%$8,223 Annual Costs VFD Maintenance 1 - 25 3 LS $100.00 $5,108 Energy Costs Electric Energy 1 - 25 -24,473 kWh $0.191 ($91,671) Electric Demand 1 - 25 -176 kW $7.16 ($24,787) Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -2,428 gal $4.27 ($293,942) Net Present Worth ($294,300) Skagway K-12 School 23 Energy Audit (February 2012) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Skagway K-12 School EEM-10: Upgrade Motors Energy Analysis Equip Number HP ηold ηnew kW Hours kWh AC-1 1 2 80.8% 86.5% -0.09 2,920 -248 CP-1 1 2 78.5% 89.5% -0.16 6,480 -1,063 CP-2 1 3 81.4% 89.5% -0.18 6,480 -1,175 AHU-5 1 7.5 81.5% 91.7% -0.57 1,260 -719 -1.0 -3,206 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs HP Replace motor 2 0 3 LS 955 $2,865 Replace motor 3 0 1 LS 970 $970 Replace motor 7.5 0 1 LS 1,690 $1,690 Project management 0 8%$442 Energy Costs Electric Energy 1 - 25 -3,206 kWh $0.191 ($12,007) Electric Demand 1 - 25 -9 kW $7.16 ($1,268) Net Present Worth ($7,300) EEM-11: Install Occupancy Sensors Energy Analysis Location Type # Fixtures Lamp Lamp, watts Fixture Watts Hours, exist Hours, new Savings, kWh Lockers Surface 22 2T8 64 74 -1,620 540 -1,749 Toilets Surface 16 2T8 64 74 -1,620 720 -1,060 Lamp Replacement Location # Fixtures Lamp # Lamps Life, hrs Lamps//yr $/lamp $/Replace Lockers 22 2T8 1 30,000 -0.79 $4 $15 Toilets 16 2T8 1 30,000 -0.48 $4 $15 Exhaust Fans Unit CFM, ex CFM,new ΔT MBH Hours kBtu η boiler Gallons EF-1A 500 200 20 -7 1,710 -11,286 68%-120 EF-2 500 200 20 -7 1,710 -11,286 68%-120 -13 -240 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Install occupancy sensors 0 6 LS $1,500 $9,000 Estimating contingency 0 15%$1,350 Overhead & profit 0 30%$3,105 Design fees 0 10%$1,346 Project management 0 8%$1,184 Adjust photocell 0 1 LS $200 $200 Annual Costs Lamp replacements 1 - 25 -1.27 lamps $26.00 ($563) Energy Costs Electric Energy 1 - 25 -1,749 kWh $0.191 ($6,550) Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -240 gal $4.27 ($29,020) Net Present Worth ($19,900) Skagway K-12 School 24 Energy Audit (February 2012) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Skagway K-12 School EEM-12: Upgrade Gym Lighting Energy Analysis Type # Fixtures Lamp Lamp, watts Fixture Watts kW Hours, exist Hours, new Savings, kWh MH -28 MH 400 460 -13 2,400 0 -30,912 T5 28 6T5 310 357 10 0 1,600 15,971 -3 -14,941 Lamp Replacement # Fixtures Lamp # Lamps Life, hrs Replace/yr $/lamp replace 28 MH -1 20,000 -3.36 $30 28 6T5 6 30,000 1.49 $24 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Replace 400 watt MH with T5 Fluorescent 0 28 LS $600 $16,800 Estimating contingency 0 15%$2,520 Overhead & profit 0 30%$5,796 Design fees 0 10%$2,512 Project management 0 8%$2,210 Annual Costs Existing lamp replacement, 400 watt MH 1 - 25 -3.36 replacements $60.00 ($3,433) New lamp replacement, T5 1 - 25 1.49 replacements $54.00 $1,373 Energy Costs Electric Energy 1 - 25 -14,941 kWh $0.191 ($55,965) Electric Demand 1 - 25 -26 kW $7.16 ($3,670) Net Present Worth ($31,900) EEM-13: Boiler Room Heat Recovery Energy Analysis Heat Recovery Input, MBH Jacket Loss MBH Hours Loss, kBtu Factor Recovery, kBtu η boiler Gallons 3,810 -1.0% -38 6,480 -246,857 75% -185,143 82%-1,630 Heat Pump Energy Recovery, kBtu COP kWh HP Heat, kBtu η boiler Gallons -185,143 3 18,087 61,714 82% -543 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Boiler room heat pump 0 1 LS $15,000 $15,000 Hallway fan coil unit 0 2 LS $6,000 $12,000 Motorized combustion air damper 0 1 LS $3,500 $3,500 Piping between heat pump and fan coil 0 1 LS $22,000 $22,000 Controls 0 1 LS $8,000 $8,000 Estimating contingency 0 15%$9,075 Overhead & profit 0 30% $20,873 Design fees 0 10%$9,045 Project management 0 8%$7,959 Annual Costs Heat pump maintenance 1 - 25 1 LS $250.00 $4,257 Energy Costs Electric Energy 1 - 25 18,087 kWh $0.191 $67,751 Electric Demand 1 - 25 60.0 kW $7.16 $8,443 Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -2,174 gal $4.27 ($263,186) Net Present Worth ($75,300) Skagway K-12 School 25 Energy Audit (February 2012) Appendix B Energy and Utility Data Skagway K-12 School 26 Energy Audit (February 2012) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Billing Data 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Skagway K-12 School ELECTRIC RATE Alaska Power Company Bulk Power A-2 Haines Skagway Electricity ($ / kWh )$0.0946 Cost of Power Adjustment ($ / kWh)$0.0901 Demand ( $ / kW )$6.95 Customer Charge ( $ / mo )$84.52 Sales Tax ( % )0.0% ELECTRICAL CONSUMPTION AND DEMAND kWh kW kWh kW kWh kW kWh kW Jan 23,400 104 22,400 94 21,200 88 21,600 84 22,150 Feb 28,800 104 25,000 82 25,200 82 25,400 86 26,100 Mar 24,400 98 25,400 88 20,200 80 21,200 86 22,800 Apr 23,400 86 19,600 86 21,000 80 20,600 80 21,150 May 23,400 86 21,800 88 20,600 80 21,600 78 21,850 Jun 10,000 80 11,800 72 12,200 72 13,600 78 11,900 Jul 8,000 32 9,000 36 9,000 34 12,200 50 9,550 Aug 12,200 54 8,400 36 8,400 32 15,000 58 11,000 Sep 21,200 82 19,800 78 19,600 72 19,200 66 19,950 Oct 23,400 88 22,000 82 20,800 76 19,200 44 21,350 Nov 24,400 84 23,200 82 21,600 74 22,400 74 22,900 Dec 23,800 88 23,600 86 23,400 86 22,800 74 23,400 Total 246,400 232,000 223,200 234,800 234,100 Average 20,533 82 19,333 76 18,600 71 19,567 72 19,508 Load Factor 34%35%36%37%75 ELECTRIC BILLING DETAILS Month Energy Demand Cust & Tax Total Energy Demand Cust & Tax Total % Change Jan $3,916 $612 $85 $4,612 $3,990 $584 $85 $4,658 1.0% Feb $4,654 $570 $85 $5,309 $4,691 $598 $85 $5,374 1.2% Mar $3,731 $556 $85 $4,371 $3,916 $598 $85 $4,598 5.2% Apr $3,879 $556 $85 $4,519 $3,805 $556 $85 $4,445 -1.6% May $3,805 $556 $85 $4,445 $3,990 $542 $85 $4,616 3.8% Jun $2,253 $500 $85 $2,838 $2,512 $542 $85 $3,139 10.6% Jul $1,662 $236 $85 $1,983 $2,253 $348 $85 $2,685 35.4% Aug $1,551 $222 $85 $1,858 $2,771 $403 $85 $3,258 75.3% Sep $3,620 $500 $85 $4,205 $3,546 $459 $85 $4,089 -2.7% Oct $3,842 $528 $85 $4,454 $3,546 $306 $85 $3,937 -11.6% Nov $3,990 $514 $85 $4,588 $4,137 $514 $85 $4,736 3.2% Dec $4,322 $598 $85 $5,004 $4,211 $514 $85 $4,810 -3.9% Total $ 41,225 $ 5,949 $ 1,014 $ 48,188 $ 43,368 $ 5,963 $ 1,014 $ 50,345 4.5% Average $ 3,435 $ 496 $ 85 $ 4,016 $ 3,614 $ 497 $ 85 $ 4,195 4.5% Cost ($/kWh)$0.216 86% 12% 2% $0.214 -0.7% Month 2008 2009 2010 Average Electrical costs are based on the current electric rates. 2010 2011 2011 Skagway K-12 School 27 Energy Audit (February 2012) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Annual Electric Consumption 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Skagway K-12 School 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecElectric Use (kWh)Month of the Year Electric Use History 2008 2009 2010 2011 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecElectric Demand (kW)Month of the Year Electric Demand History 2008 2009 2010 2011 Skagway K-12 School 28 Energy Audit (February 2012) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Electric Cost 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Skagway K-12 School 2011 $ 0 $ 1,000 $ 2,000 $ 3,000 $ 4,000 $ 5,000 $ 6,000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecElectric Cost (USD)Month of the Year Electric Cost Breakdown 2010 Electric Use (kWh) Costs Electric Demand (kW) Costs Customer Charge and Taxes 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Electric Demand (kW)Electric Use (kWh)Month of the Year Electric Use and Demand Comparison 2010 Electric Use Electric Demand Skagway K-12 School 29 Energy Audit (February 2012) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Annual Fuel Oil Consumption 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Skagway K-12 School Year Fuel Oil Degree Days 2,008 13,990 9,093 2,009 12,986 9,284 2,010 11,700 9,013 2,011 11,300 8,729 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000 13,000 14,000 15,000 2008 2009 2010 2011 Degree DaysGallons of Fuel OilYear Annual Fuel Oil Use Fuel Oil Degree Days Skagway K-12 School 30 Energy Audit (February 2012) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Billing Data 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Annual Energy Consumption and Cost Energy Cost $/MMBtu Area ECI EUI Fuel Oil $4.03 $41.57 45,518 $2.21 55 Electricity $0.214 $66.15 Source Cost Electricity 234,000 kWh $50,200 800 32% Fuel Oil 12,500 Gallons $50,400 1,700 68% Totals $100,600 2,500 100% Annual Energy Consumption and Cost Consumption Energy, MMBtu $0.00 $10.00 $20.00 $30.00 $40.00 $50.00 $60.00 $70.00 Fuel Oil ElectricityCost $ / MMBtuCost of Heat Comparison Skagway K-12 School 31 Energy Audit (February 2012) Appendix C Equipment Data Skagway K-12 School 32 Energy Audit (February 2012) MotorHP / Volts / RPM / EfficAHU-1 Central Fan Room High School Hallway Bohn VCS26ALF 12000 CFM 10 HP/ 208 V/ 1745 RPM/ 85.6%AHU-2 Central Fan Room Elementary Hallway Bohn HD26ALF 12000 CFM 10 HP/ 208 V/ 1745 RPM/ 85.6%AHU-3 Central Fan Room Shop Bohn HD08ALF 4200 CFM 3 HP/ 208 V/ 1750 RPM/ 82.5%AHU-4 Central Fan Room Multipurpose Room Bohn VCS08ACF 4300 CFM 3 HP/ 208 V/ 1750 RPM/ 82.5%AHU-5 Central Fan Room Gym Bohn VCS26ALF 12800 CFM 7.5 HP/ 208 V/ 1765 RPM/ 81.5%AHU-6 Central Fan Room Locker Rooms Bohn HD06ALF 3000 CFM 2 HP/ 208 V/ 1725 RPM/ 78.5%AHU-7 Central Fan Room Stage Bohn HD08ALF 3900 CFM 2 HP/ 208 V/ 1760 RPM/ 78.5%EF-1 Gym Fan Room Locker Rooms Trane UI6PT3-FC 3300 CFM 2 HP/ 208 V/ 1725 RPM/ 78.5%EF-1A New Addition Restrooms Penn Zephyr Z12TD 500 CFM 120 V/ 208 WattsEF-2 High School Wing Restrooms Penn Zephyr Z12TD 500 CFM 120 V/ 208 WattsEF-4 Janitor ClosetJanitor Closet ExhaustPenn Zephyr Z8 170 CFM 120 V/ 105 WattsOperates off light switchEF-5 Electrical Room Electrical Room Penn Zephyr Z8 160 CFM 120 V/ 105 WattsEF-6Special Ed. RestroomRestroom Exhaust Penn Zephyr Z8 145 CFM 120 V/ 105 WattsOperates off light switchVF-1 Boiler Room Ventilation Air Greenheck SDP-30-6-15 5100 CFM 1/2 HP/ 120 V/47%B-1 Boiler Room BoilerWeil McLain H-886-S-W 1600 MBHB-2 Boiler Room BoilerWeil McLain H-886-S-W 1600 MBH Lag boiler Not IsolatedCP-1 Boiler Room AHU 1,2,3,6,7 B&G 2AC 6 1/8 BF 116 GPM 2 HP/ 208 V/ 1725 RPM/ 78.5%CP-2 Boiler Room AHU 4, 5, Baseboard B&G 2.5AB 6 5/8 BF 160 GPM 3 HP/ 208 V/ 1730 RPM/ 78.5%CP-3 Boiler Room AHU 4, 5, Baseboard B&G 2.5AB 6 5/8 BF 160 GPM 3 HP/ 208 V/ 1730 RPM/ 78.5%HWH-1 Boiler Room Hot Water Heater Pvi3.8-N-500-A-D 500 Gallon 540 MBHDirect fired fuel oil WH; Not usedHWH-2 Boiler Room Hot Water Heater Pvi27N250A-MXO 250 Gallon 270 MBH / 1/3 HP/60% Direct fired fuel oil WHSkagway K-12 School - Major Equipment InventoryCapacityNotesUnit IDLocation Function Make Model Skagway K-12 School 33 Energy Audit (February 2012) MotorHP / Volts / RPM / EfficSkagway K-12 School - Major Equipment InventoryCapacityNotesUnit IDLocation Function Make ModelHWCP-1 Boiler RoomHot Water Circulation PumpB&G LR-20WR 2 GPM 115 VICV-1 Central Fan Room Central Vacuum Spencer 307740 150 CFM 5 HP/ 208 V/ 3500 RPM/83.3%AC-1 Boiler Room Air Compressor Quincy00020008D00327100 CFM 2 HP/ 208 V/ 1750 RPM/ 78.5% (x2)Freezer Shop Food Storage Heat Craft LET120BK 208 V/ 11.7 pmps/ 2700 WattsEF-7 Shop Paint Fume Exhaust 2 HP/ 208 V/ 1725 RPM/80.8% Skagway K-12 School 34 Energy Audit (February 2012) Appendix D Abbreviations AHU Air handling unit BTU British thermal unit BTUH BTU per hour CBJ City and Borough of Juneau CMU Concrete masonry unit CO2 Carbon dioxide CUH Cabinet unit heater DDC Direct digital controls DHW Domestic hot water EAD Exhaust air damper EEM Energy efficiency measure EF Exhaust fan Gyp Bd Gypsum board HVAC Heating, Ventilating, Air- conditioning HW Hot water HWRP Hot water recirculating pump KVA Kilovolt-amps kW Kilowatt kWh Kilowatt-hour LED Light emitting diode MBH 1,000 Btu per hour MMBH 1,000,000 Btu per hour OAD Outside air damper PSI Per square inch PSIG Per square inch gage RAD Return air damper RF Return fan SIR Savings to investment ratio SF Supply fan UV Unit ventilator VAV Variable air volume VFD Variable frequency drive Skagway K-12 School 35 Energy Audit (February 2012)