HomeMy WebLinkAboutSEA-AEE-Thorne Bay Gym 2012-EE
Thorne Bay Gym
Southeast Island School District
Funded by:
Final Report
November 2011
Prepared by:
Energy Audit
Table of Contents
Section 1: Executive Summary 2
Section 2: Introduction 6
Section 3: Energy Efficiency Measures 8
Section 4: Description of Systems 15
Section 5: Methodology 17
Appendix A: Life Cycle Cost Analysis 20
Appendix B: Utility and Energy Data 29
Appendix C: Equipment Data 35
Appendix D: Abbreviations 37
Audit Team
The energy audit is performed by Alaska Energy Engineering LLC of Juneau, Alaska. The audit team
consists of:
Jim Rehfeldt, P.E., Energy Engineer
Jack Christiansen, Energy Consultant
Brad Campbell, Energy Auditor
Loras O’Toole P.E., Mechanical Engineer
Will Van Dyken P.E., Electrical Engineer
Curt Smit, P.E., Mechanical Engineer
Philip Iverson, Construction Estimator
Karla Hart, Technical Publications Specialist
Jill Carlile, Data Analyst
Grayson Carlile, Energy Modeler
Thorne Bay Gym 1 Energy Audit (November 2011)
Section 1
Executive Summary
An energy audit of the Thorne Bay Gym was performed by Alaska Energy Engineering LLC. The
investment grade audit was funded by Alaska Housing Finance Corporation (AHFC) to identify
opportunities to improve the energy performance of public buildings throughout Alaska.
The Thorne Bay Gym is a 19,494 square foot building that contains offices, classrooms, locker
rooms, a multi-purpose gymnasium, lobby, storage, and mechanical support spaces.
Building Assessment
The following summarizes our assessment of the building.
Envelope
The exterior of the building appears to have been well maintained and should provide many more
years of service. The large roofing overhangs have worked very well to preserve the siding and
perimeter of the structure. The excellent condition of the exterior envelope indicates that overhangs
should be incorporated into all buildings in this climate. Siding preservation efforts were in progress
at the time of the audit. A portion of the gutter system was in need of replacement.
Exterior doors are not thermally broken. Future exterior door replacement selection should include
this feature. Weather-stripping on exterior doors is in need of replacement throughout.
The diesel fuel day tank located in the basement fire pump room is vented within the space, the result
of which is a heavy buildup of diesel fumes within the room. The fuel vent should be terminated
above the roof overhang to correct this code violation.
Heating System
The building is heated by two fuel oil boilers that provide heat to three air handling unit systems, fan
coil units, and perimeter hydronic systems.
Both boilers are currently turning on together at the same setpoint of 140 F and off at 160 F even
though Boiler 1 is set to turn on at 160 F and off at 170 F, and Boiler 2 is set to come on at 150 F to
175 F. The thermostatic controls are not working correctly and the combination of simultaneous
boiler operations and boiler runtime short-cycling is very inefficient. Isolating the standby boiler is
recommended as a high priority energy efficiency measure (EEM-7, page 10). If the dual-boiler
system is kept in service, it should be set up as follows for maximum operating efficiency:
Operate the lead boiler with a 30°F deadband, turning on at 160°F and off at 190°F.
Operate the lag boiler with a 30°F deadband, turning on at 140°F and off at 170°F.
The lead and lag boilers should be rotated monthly to ensure equal operating hours.
The remainder of the fuel oil boiler heating system appears to be in good condition; however fairly
simple improvements can be made to improve its effectiveness and efficiency. These are outlined in
Section 3, Energy Efficiency Measures.
Thorne Bay Gym 2 Energy Audit (November 2011)
Ventilation Systems
The building ventilation system consists of large air handling units. Two units are located in the two
fan rooms. The third unit is in the boiler room. There are two operating exhaust fans. One, mounted in
fan room 2, exhausts the toilet rooms. The second, mounted in the boiler room, exhausts the locker
rooms (this exhaust fan had a broken drive belt—the motor was running but the fan was not). A third
exhaust fan for the concessions kitchen space was not working at the time of the audit.
Pneumatic Control System
A pneumatic system is used to control the heating and ventilation system components. Multiple
pneumatic controls have failed throughout the building resulting in an inability to properly control the
space heating and ventilating equipment. The building is currently not properly mixing return and
outside air levels to each of the spaces. As a result, occupant comfort levels are substandard in many
of the building spaces.
It is recommended that the pneumatic system be replaced with a direct digital control system, the
building control sequences be optimized, and the systems retro-commissioned. This recommendation
is not included in the energy efficiency measures because it will not pay for itself in energy savings;
however, it is important for occupant comfort and indoor air quality.
Lighting
Interior lighting primarily consists of T12 and metal halide lighting. Exterior lighting primarily
consists of metal halide lighting. The interior and exterior lighting is controlled by staff. As a result,
lighting operational hours and subsequent electrical demand are kept to a minimum without changes
in infrastructure.
The lighting is not sufficiently efficient for current electricity prices and retrofit opportunities exist.
The majority of the interior lighting heat gain is beneficial to heating the building. This is considered
in the analysis which reduces the energy savings of lighting retrofits, even with the relatively high
cost of power.
Summary
It is the assessment of the energy audit team that the Thorne Bay staff are very focused on lowering
energy consumption at the facility in their daily operations. Most of the current inefficiencies are due
to infrastructure issues such as a failed pneumatic air handling control system, boiler and boiler pump
setpoints and controls, and inefficient lighting. This results in a situation that cannot be corrected by
operational awareness alone. Outlined within the report are recommendations for building envelope
sealing efforts, modifications to the building control sequences, and subsequent building retro-
commissioning.
Thorne Bay Gym 3 Energy Audit (November 2011)
Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs)
All buildings have opportunities to improve their energy efficiency. The energy audit revealed
numerous opportunities in which an efficiency investment will result in a net reduction in long-term
operating costs.
Behavioral and Operational EEMs
The following EEMs require behavioral and operational changes in the building use. The savings are
not readily quantifiable but these EEMs are highly recommended as low-cost opportunities that are a
standard of high performance buildings.
EEM-1: Weather-Strip Doors
EEM-2: Close Arctic Entryway Doors
EEM-3: Replace Broken Window
EEM-4: Replace Appliances with Energy Star Models
EEM-5: Lower Thermostat Setpoints
EEM-6: Reduce Weight Room Air Flow
High and Medium Priority EEMs
The following EEMs are recommended for investment. They are ranked by life cycle savings to
investment ratio (SIR). This ranking method places a priority on low cost EEMs which can be
immediately funded, generating energy savings to fund higher cost EEMs in the following years.
Negative values, in parenthesis, represent savings.
25 Year Life Cycle Cost Analysis
Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
High Priority
EEM-7: Isolate Standby Boiler $200 $3,500 ($14,900) ($11,200) 57.0
EEM-8: Replace Aerators $900 $0 ($19,700) ($18,800) 21.9
EEM-9: De-Lamp Soft Drink Cooler $100 ($100) ($1,500) ($1,500) 16.0
EEM-10: Perform Boiler Combustion Test $700 $2,300 ($9,600) ($6,600) 10.4
EEM-11: Upgrade Motors to Premium Efficiency $3,200 $0 ($15,700) ($12,500) 4.9
Medium Priority
EEM-12: Automatic Valves on Unit Heaters $5,300 $0 ($17,400) ($12,100) 3.3
EEM-13: Optimize Gym HVAC System $62,200 $0 ($187,800) ($125,600) 3.0
EEM-14: Replace Exit Lights $1,800 ($700) ($3,900) ($2,800) 2.6
EEM-15: Upgrade Gym Lighting $22,400 ($1,600) ($38,100) ($17,300) 1.8
EEM-16: Install Boiler Room Heat Recovery $16,000 $4,600 ($29,800) ($9,200) 1.6
EEM-17: Upgrade Interior Lighting $24,200 ($21,300) ($16,300) ($13,400) 1.6
EEM-18: Replace Boiler Burners $21,300 $0 ($31,900) ($10,600) 1.5
EEM-19: Replace Door Glazing $9,400 $0 ($13,600) ($4,200) 1.4
EEM-20: Upgrade Hand Dryers $1,500 $0 ($2,000) ($500) 1.3
Total* $169,200 ($13,300) ($402,200) ($246,300) 2.5
* The analysis is based on each EEM being independent of the others. While it is likely that some EEMs
are interrelated, an isolated analysis is used to demonstrate the economics because the audit team is not
able to predict which EEMs an Owner may choose to implement. If several EEMs are implemented, the
resulting energy savings is likely to differ from the sum of each EEM projection.
Thorne Bay Gym 4 Energy Audit (November 2011)
Summary
The energy audit revealed numerous opportunities for improving the energy performance of the
building. It is recommended that the behavioral and high priority EEMs be implemented now to
generate energy savings from which to fund the medium priority EEMs.
Another avenue to consider is to borrow money from AHFCs revolving loan fund for public
buildings. AHFC will loan money for energy improvements under terms that allow for paying back
the money from the energy savings. More information on this option can be found online at
http://www.ahfc.us/loans/akeerlf_loan.cfm.
Thorne Bay Gym 5 Energy Audit (November 2011)
Section 2
Introduction
This report presents the findings of an energy audit of the Thorne Bay Gym located in Thorne Bay,
Alaska. The purpose of this investment grade energy audit is to evaluate the infrastructure and its
subsequent energy performance to identify applicable energy efficiencies measures (EEMs).
The energy audit report contains the following sections:
Introduction: Building use and energy consumption.
Energy Efficiency Measures: Priority ranking of the EEMs with a description, energy
analysis, and life cycle cost analysis.
Description of Systems: Background description of the building energy systems.
Methodology: Basis for how construction and maintenance cost estimates are derived and the
economic and energy factors used for the analysis.
BUILDING USE
The Thorne Bay Gym is a 19,494 square foot building that contains offices, classrooms, commons,
locker rooms, a multi-purpose gymnasium, storage, and mechanical support spaces. It is used in the
following manner:
Offices Monday-Friday, 8:00 am – 5:00 pm
Gym Monday-Friday, 10:00 am – 3:30 pm (school)
Monday-Friday, 3:30 pm – 8:00 pm (community)
Saturday and Sunday, 2-3 hours use
Ventilation System Monday-Friday, 6:00 am – 4:00 pm
History
The Thorne Bay Gym was constructed in 1990.
Energy Consumption
The building energy sources include an electric service and a fuel oil tank. Fuel oil is used for the
majority of the heating loads and domestic hot water while electricity serves all other loads. The
following table shows annual energy use and cost.
Annual Energy Consumption and Cost
Source Consumption Cost Energy,
MMBtu
Electricity 101,000 kWh $27,300 340 23%
Fuel Oil 8,500 Gallons $35,400 1,150 77%
Totals - $62,700 1,490 100%
Thorne Bay Gym 6 Energy Audit (November 2011)
Electricity
This chart shows
electrical energy use
from 2007 to 2010. The
effective cost—energy
costs plus demand
charges—is 27¢ per
kWh.
Fuel Oil
This chart shows
heating energy use
from 2008 to 2010. The
chart compares annual
use with the heating
degree days which is a
measurement of the
demand for energy to
heat a building. A year
with a higher number
of degree days reflects
colder outside
temperatures and a
higher heating
requirement.
The current cost of fuel oil in Thorne Bay is $4.16 per gallon and the effective cost of electricity is
27¢ per kWh. Assuming a fuel oil conversion efficiency of 70% and an electric boiler conversion
efficiency of 95%, oil heat costs $42.91 per MMBtu and electric heat costs $83.26 per MMBtu. As
such, electric heat is much more expensive than fuel oil heat.
Thorne Bay Gym 7 Energy Audit (November 2011)
Section 3
Energy Efficiency Measures
The following energy efficiency measures (EEMs) were identified during the energy audit. The
EEMs are priority ranked and, where applicable, subjected to energy and life cycle cost analysis.
Appendix A contains the life cycle cost analysis spreadsheets.
The EEMs are grouped into the following prioritized categories:
Behavioral or Operational: EEMs that require minimal capital investment but require
operational or behavioral changes. The EEMs provide a life cycle savings but an analysis is
not performed because the guaranteed energy savings is difficult quantify.
High Priority: EEMs that require a small capital investment and offer a life cycle savings.
Also included in this category are higher cost EEMs that offer significant life cycle savings.
Medium Priority: EEMs that require a significant capital investment to provide a life cycle
savings. Many medium priority EEMs provide a high life cycle savings and offer substantial
incentive to increase investment in building energy efficiency.
Low Priority: EEMs that will save energy but do not provide a life cycle savings.
BEHAVIORAL OR OPERATIONAL
The following EEMs are recommended for implementation. They require behavioral or operational
changes that can occur with minimal investment to achieve immediate savings. These EEMs are not
easily quantified by analysis because they cannot be accurately predicted. They are recommended
because they offer a life cycle savings, represent good practice, and are accepted features of high
performance buildings.
EEM-1: Weather-Strip Doors
Purpose: The weather stripping on most of the exterior doors is in poor condition. Energy will be
saved if doors are properly weather-stripped to reduce infiltration.
Scope: Replace weather stripping on exterior doors.
EEM-2: Close Arctic Entryway Doors
Purpose: Interior doors in the arctic entryway are being held open. This defeats the ability of the
entry to minimize infiltration as people enter and leave the building. The result is the
cabinet heaters are operating at 100% capacity. Energy will be saved if the interior
arctic entryway doors are kept closed.
Scope: Keep interior arctic entryway doors closed in main lobby access.
Thorne Bay Gym 8 Energy Audit (November 2011)
EEM-3: Replace Broken Window
Purpose: A window has been broken on the east side of the gym building. Energy will be saved
if the window is replaced.
Scope: Replace the broken window.
EEM-4: Replace Appliances with Energy Star Models
Purpose: The clothes washer and dryer in the custodial closet are not Energy Star models.
Energy Star Models are the standard for high performance buildings. Energy will be
saved if these units are replaced with Energy Star models.
Scope: When appliances reach the end of their service life, replace them with energy efficient
models.
EEM-5: Lower Thermostat Setpoints
Purpose: Thermostat setpoints for enclosed spaces throughout the Gym are higher than
necessary. This was most likely done to compensate for the poorly operating heating
and ventilation system in surrounding spaces. Many spaces such as the custodial
storage room are set at 75 F. Once the pneumatic controls are replaced and the systems
are controlling properly, energy will be saved if thermostats in all spaces are routinely
monitored to ensure they are set at efficient levels.
Scope: Routinely inspect thermostat settings in all spaces to ensure efficient setpoints are being
used upon completion of pneumatic control replacement (see discussion on page 3).
EEM-6: Reduce Weight Room Air Flow
Purpose: Supply air flow rates in the weight room are excessive. Poor diffuser design has
resulted in excessive noise levels. Installation of proper dampers and reducing flow
rates will save energy and reduce noise levels in this space.
Scope: Install proper dampers and adjust to reduce flow rates to the proper levels.
Thorne Bay Gym 9 Energy Audit (November 2011)
HIGH PRIORITY
The following EEMs are recommended for implementation because they are low cost measures that
have a high savings to investment ratio (SIR). The EEMs are listed from highest to lowest priority.
Negative values, in parenthesis, represent savings.
EEM-7: Isolate Standby Boiler
Purpose: Only one boiler is required to meet the heating load. However, the standby boiler is
kept hot and enabled. Keeping a standby boiler hot in a dual boiler system can result in
a 3% efficiency loss due to the standby boiler acting as a heat sink. Energy will be
saved if the standby boiler is disabled and the return valve closed to prevent flow
through the boiler.
Scope: Disable the standby boiler and close the heating return valve to prevent flow through
the boiler.
Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs
Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
$180 ($530) ($350) $200 $3,500 ($14,900) ($11,200) 57.0
EEM-8: Replace Aerators
Purpose: Energy and water will be saved by replacing the aerators on the lavatories and
showerheads with low-flow models.
Scope: Replace aerators on lavatories and showerheads with water-conserving fixtures.
Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
$0 ($690) ($690) $900 $0 ($19,700) ($18,800) 21.9
EEM-9: De-Lamp Soft Drink Cooler
Purpose: The lamp for soft drink cooler in the concession area runs continuously and is not
necessary. Energy will be saved if this lamp is removed.
Scope: Remove lamp from soft drink cooler in the concession stand.
Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs
Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
$0 ($80) ($80) $100 ($100) ($1,500) ($1,500) 16.0
EEM-10: Perform Boiler Combustion Test
Purpose: Operating the boiler with an optimum amount of excess air will improve combustion
efficiency. Annual cleaning followed by a combustion test is recommended.
Scope: Annually clean and perform a combustion test on the boiler.
Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs
Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
$120 ($340) ($220) $700 $2,300 ($9,600) ($6,600) 10.4
Thorne Bay Gym 10 Energy Audit (November 2011)
EEM-11: Upgrade Motors to Premium Efficiency
Purpose: Equipment inspections identified three motors that could be upgraded with premium
efficiency models to save energy. They are:
Pump P-1: 1 HP from 77% efficiency to 85.5% efficiency
Pump P-2: 1 HP from 77% efficiency to 85.5 % efficiency
HV-1: 5 HP from 84% efficiency to 89.5% efficiency
Scope: Replace identified motors with premium efficiency motors.
Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs
Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
$0 ($800) ($800) $3,200 $0 ($15,700) ($12,500) 4.9
MEDIUM PRIORITY
Medium priority EEMs require planning and a higher level of investment. They are recommended
because they offer a life cycle savings. The EEMs are listed from highest to lowest priority.
EEM-12: Install Automatic Valves on Unit Heaters
Purpose: Energy will be saved if the six wall and ceiling mounted unit heaters had an automatic
valve that shuts off the heating flow when heat is not needed. Currently the coils in the
unit heaters are continuously hot and the thermostat turns on the fan to supply the heat
to the room. When heat is not needed, convective heat loss from the coil occurs; some
of the heat loss may be useful, but a large percentage is not.
Scope: Install automatic valves in the heating supply to each unit heater in these spaces and
control them from the fan thermostat.
Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs
Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
$0 ($610) ($610) $5,300 $0 ($17,400) ($12,100) 3.3
EEM-13: Optimize Gym HVAC System
Purpose: The gym utilizes a constant flow heating and ventilation to conditioned the space. The
system was designed for peak occupancy levels, however the space has minimal
occupancy throughout the majority of the operational hours. Energy will be saved if a
VFD modification is made to the HV-1 system to reduce air flow when not needed and
to improve temperature control.
Scope: Perform repairs as follows and retro-commission HV-1 when completed:
- Install a VFD for HV-1
- Add a CO2 sensor and control scheme to modulate the mixing dampers in response
to CO2 levels in the gym.
Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs
Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
$0 ($6,890) ($6,890) $62,200 $0 ($187,800) ($125,600) 3.0
Thorne Bay Gym 11 Energy Audit (November 2011)
EEM-14: Replace Exit Lights
Purpose: There are six exit lights throughout the 1st floor of the gym that are utilizing
incandescent bulbs. Each light has a 15-watt bulbs. Energy will be saved if the exit
lights are replaced with photo luminescent signs.
Scope: Replace the existing exit signs with photo luminescent exit signs.
Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs
Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
($40) ($200) ($240) $1,800 ($700) ($3,900) ($2,800) 2.6
EEM-15: Upgrade Gym Lighting
Purpose: Existing gym lighting utilizes 24 pendant-mounted 400-watt metal halide lamps.
Similar light levels could be achieved with LED lighting. Energy will be saved if the
24 metal halide light fixtures are replaced with LED units.
Scope: Replace Gym 400-watt metal halide lights with LED units.
Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs
Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
($80) ($1,940) ($2,020) $22,400 ($1,600) ($38,100) ($17,300) 1.8
EEM-16: Install Boiler Room Heat Recovery
Purpose: The boiler room utilizes inlet and outlet grills to exhaust air outside the space. Energy
will be saved if the heat generated from the boiler room is use within the building
envelop.
Scope: Install a heat recovery unit in the boiler room space.
Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs
Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
$240 ($860) ($620) $16,000 $4,600 ($29,800) ($9,200) 1.6
EEM-17: Upgrade Interior Lighting
Purpose: The majority of the Gym interior lighting consists of T12 fluorescent fixtures. Energy
will be saved if more efficient T8 and compact fluorescent bulbs are used.
Scope: Replace existing T12 fixtures with more efficient T8 fixtures.
Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs
Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
($1,110) ($1,280) ($2,390) $24,200 ($21,300) ($16,300) ($13,400) 1.6
Thorne Bay Gym 12 Energy Audit (November 2011)
EEM-18: Replace Boiler Burners
Purpose: The boiler burners are on-off burners that are incapable of modulating to meet the
heating load. Replacing the burners with a low-high-low model will increase boiler
efficiency. Setting the boiler setpoints with a 30°F difference between on and off will
also improve efficiency.
Scope: Install modulating burners on the boilers.
EEM-19: Replace Door Glazing
Purpose: Three sets of double entry doors have 70% of their surface as a single pane glazing.
Energy will be saved if the single pane glazing was removed and replaced with an
energy efficient double glazing.
Scope: Replace single pane glazing with energy efficient double-pane glazing in all three sets
of entryway double doors.
Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs
Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
$0 ($480) ($480) $9,400 $0 ($13,600) ($4,200) 1.4
EEM-20: Upgrade Hand Dryers
Purpose: The existing six hand dryers in the locker rooms have large 20 amp integral heater
units. Modern efficient hand dryers simply use high speed air for drying without the
use of heating elements. Energy could be saved if the three electric hand dryers in each
of the two locker rooms are replaced with a single unit not utilizing heating elements.
Scope: Replace six electric hand dryers with two forced air-only units.
Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs
Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
$0 ($100) ($100) $1,500 $0 ($2,000) ($500) 1.3
Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs
Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
$0 ($1,120) ($1,120) $21,300 $0 ($31,900) ($10,600) 1.5
Thorne Bay Gym 13 Energy Audit (November 2011)
LOW PRIORITY
Low priority EEMs do not offer a life cycle energy savings and are not recommended.
EEM-21: Install Locker Occupancy Sensor
Purpose: Lighting controls for the gym locker rooms are manual switch only. This requires the
space to be lit throughout the entire period the gym is open, regardless of use. Energy
will be saved if a motion detector is installed in the shower space, the restroom space,
and the locker space of each locker room to minimize unnecessary lighting hours. It is
recommended that a 10-minute delay time is used on the occupancy sensor.
Scope: Install motion detectors in the shower space, the restroom space, and the locker space
to control locker room lighting.
Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs
Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
($10) ($200) ($210) $5,700 ($300) ($2,300) $3,100 0.5
Thorne Bay Gym 14 Energy Audit (November 2011)
Section 4
Description of Systems
ENERGY SYSTEMS
This section provides a general description of the building systems. Energy conservation
opportunities are addressed in Section 3, Energy Efficiency Measures.
Building Envelope
The following table summarizes the existing envelope.
Building Envelope
R-value
Component Description (inside to outside) Existing Optimal
Exterior Wall 5/8” Gyp. Bd, 2”x 8” wood studs w/ R-19 batt, ½” plywood, siding R-18 R-26
Roof 5/8” Gyp. Bd, R-30 batt, truss assembly cold roof R-32 R-46
Floor Slab 4” Concrete slab-on-grade R-10 R-10
Foundation 8” concrete with 2” rigid insulation on exterior surface R-10 R-20
Windows Fiberglass; single pane with storm windows R-1.5 R-5
Doors Steel doors. Doors w/glazing are single pane. R-1.5 R-5
Heating System
The building is heated by two fuel oil boilers that provide heat to five air handling unit systems, a
make-up air unit in the shop, fan coil units, and perimeter hydronic systems. The heating system has
the following pumps:
Pump P-1 is a boiler circulation pump
Pump P-2 is a boiler circulation pump
Pump P-3 is the domestic hot water heating pump
Pump P-4 is the domestic hot water recirculation pump
Thorne Bay Gym 15 Energy Audit (November 2011)
Ventilation Systems
The following table summarizes the ventilation systems in the building.
Ventilation Systems
Area Fan System Description
Gym HV-1 Constant volume air handling unit consisting of a heating coil, mixing
box, filter section, and supply fan
Gym West Wall Spaces HV-2 Constant volume air handling unit consisting of mixing box, filter
section, and supply fan
Offices/Lobby HV-3 Constant volume air handling unit consisting of a heating coil, filter
section, and supply fan
Locker Rooms EF-1 2,520 cfm 1 HP belt drive fan (belt was broken during inspection)
Lobby Toilets EF-2 1000 cfm ¼ HP ceiling exhaust fan
Concession Kitchen EF-4 Not Working
Domestic Hot Water System
An oil-fired direct hot water heater supplies domestic hot water to the fixtures. The water
conservation efficiency of the aerators on the lavatories and the showerheads can be improved.
Automatic Control System
The building does not have a DDC system to control the operation of the heating and ventilation
systems. A pneumatic control system is used to control the operation of the heating and ventilation
system. This system is well past its useful life, resulting in inoperable damper and valve control on
critical system components.
Lighting
Interior lighting primarily consists of T12 and metal halide lighting. Exterior lighting consists
primarily of metal halide lighting. The interior lighting schedules and all exterior lighting, including
the perimeter lighting, is controlled by staff. Thanks to staff diligence, lighting operational hours and
subsequent electrical demand are kept to a minimum.
Electric Equipment
Commercial kitchen equipment for food preparation at Thorne Bay Gym was located in the
concessions area.
Thorne Bay Gym 16 Energy Audit (November 2011)
Section 5
Methodology
Information for the energy audit was gathered through on-site observations, review of construction
documents, and interviews with operation and maintenance personnel. The EEMs are evaluated using
energy and life cycle cost analyses and are priority ranked for implementation.
Energy Efficiency Measures
Energy efficiency measures are identified by evaluating the building’s energy systems and comparing
them to systems in modern, high performance buildings. The process for identifying the EEMs
acknowledges the realities of an existing building that was constructed when energy costs were much
lower. Many of the opportunities used in modern high performance buildings—highly insulated
envelopes, variable capacity mechanical systems, heat pumps, daylighting, lighting controls, etc.—
simply cannot be economically incorporated into an existing building.
The EEMs represent practical measures to improve the energy efficiency of the buildings, taking into
account the realities of limited budgets. If a future major renovation project occurs, additional EEMs
common to high performance buildings should be incorporated.
Life Cycle Cost Analysis
The EEMs are evaluated using life cycle cost analysis which determines if an energy efficiency
investment will provide a savings over a 25-year life. The analysis incorporates construction,
replacement, maintenance, repair, and energy costs to determine the total cost over the life of the
EEM. Future maintenance and energy cash flows are discounted to present worth using escalation
factors for general inflation, energy inflation, and the value of money. The methodology is based on
the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Handbook 135 – Life Cycle Cost
Analysis.
Life cycle cost analysis is preferred to simple payback for facilities that have long—often perpetual—
service lives. Simple payback, which compares construction cost and present energy cost, is
reasonable for short time periods of 2-4 years, but yields below optimal results over longer periods
because it does not properly account for the time value of money or inflationary effects on operating
budgets. Accounting for energy inflation and the time value of money properly sums the true cost of
facility ownership and seeks to minimize the life cycle cost.
Construction Costs
The cost estimates are derived based on a preliminary understanding of the scope of each EEM as
gathered during the walk-through audit. The construction costs for in-house labor are $60 per hour for
work typically performed by maintenance staff and $110 per hour for contract labor.
The cost estimate assumes the work will be performed as part of a larger renovation or energy
efficiency upgrade project. When implementing EEMs, the cost estimate should be revisited once the
scope and preferred method of performing the work has been determined. It is possible some EEMs
will not provide a life cycle savings when the scope is finalized.
Thorne Bay Gym 17 Energy Audit (November 2011)
Maintenance Costs
Maintenance costs are based on in-house or contract labor using historical maintenance efforts and
industry standards. Maintenance costs over the 25-year life of each EEM are included in the life cycle
cost calculation spreadsheets and represent the level of effort to maintain the systems.
Energy Analysis
The energy performance of an EEM is evaluated within the operating parameters of the building. A
comprehensive energy audit would rely on a computer model of the building to integrate building
energy systems and evaluate the energy savings of each EEM. This investment grade audit does not
utilize a computer model, so energy savings are calculated with factors that account for the dynamic
operation of the building. Energy savings and costs are estimated for the 25-year life of the EEM
using appropriate factors for energy inflation.
Prioritization
Each EEM is prioritized based on the life cycle savings to investment ratio (SIR) using the following
formula:
Prioritization Factor = Life Cycle Savings / Capital Costs
This approach factor puts significant weight on the capital cost of an EEM, making lower cost EEMs
more favorable.
Economic Factors
The following economic factors are significant to the findings.
Nominal Interest Rate: This is the nominal rate of return on an investment without regard to
inflation. The analysis uses a rate of 5%.
Inflation Rate: This is the average inflationary change in prices over time. The analysis uses
an inflation rate of 2%.
Economic Period: The analysis is based on a 25-year economic period with construction
beginning in 2010.
Fuel Oil
Fuel oil currently (October 2011) costs $4.16 per gallon for a seasonally adjusted blend of #1 and #2
fuel oil. The analysis is based on 6% fuel oil inflation which has been the average for the past 20-
years.
Thorne Bay Gym 18 Energy Audit (November 2011)
Electricity
Electricity is supplied by Alaska Power and Telephone. The building is billed for electricity under
Alaska Power Company Bulk Power A-2 rate. This rate charges for both electrical consumption
(kWh) and peak electric demand (kW). Electrical consumption is the amount of energy consumed and
electric demand is the rate of consumption.
Alaska Power Company Bulk Power A-2
Craig
Hydaburg
Thorn
Bay
Electricity ($ / kWh ) $0.0816
Cost of Power Adjustment ($ / kWh) $0.1534
Demand ( $ / kW ) $7.16
Customer Charge ( $ / mo ) $84.52
Summary
The following table summarizes the energy and economic factors used in the analysis.
Summary of Economic and Energy Factors
Factor Rate or Cost Factor Rate or Cost
Nominal Discount Rate 5% Electricity $0.243/kwh
General Inflation Rate 2% Electricity Inflation 2%
Fuel Oil Cost (2012) $3.42/gal Fuel Oil Inflation 6%
Thorne Bay Gym 19 Energy Audit (November 2011)
Appendix A
Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis
Thorne Bay Gym 20 Energy Audit (November 2011)
Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis
25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226
Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us
Thorne Bay Gym
Basis
Economic
Study Period (years) 25 Nominal Discount Rate 5%General Inflation 3%
Energy
2011 $/gal Fuel Inflation 2012 $/gal
Fuel Oil $4.16 6% $4.41
Electricity $/kWh (2011)$/kW (2011)Inflation $/kWh (2012)$/kW (2012)
w/ Demand Charges $0.235 $7.16 3% $0.242 $7.37
w/o Demand Charges $0.270 -3% $0.278 -
EEM-7: Isolate Standby Boiler
Energy Analysis
Boiler Input MBH Loss %Loss MBH Hours, exist Hours, new kBtu η boiler Gallons
B-1 695 0.75% 5 5,760 3,600 -11,263 68%-120
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost
Construction Costs
Stage boiler operation 0 2 ea $100 $200
Annual Costs
Switch boilers monthly 1 - 25 3 hrs $60.00 $3,471
Energy Costs
Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -120 gal $4.41 ($14,947)
Net Present Worth ($11,300)
EEM-8: Replace Aerators
Energy Analysis
Boiler Effic 70%
Fixture Existing Proposed Uses/day Days Water,Gals % HW kBTU Fuel, gals
Showerhead 20.0 10.0 15 180 -27,000 80% -14,412 -149
Lavatories 0.3 0.2 45 198 -1,604 80% -856 -9
-28,604 -157
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost
Construction Costs
Replace lavatory aerators 0 10 ea $35 $350
Replace sink aerators 0 1 ea $35 $35
Replace showerhead 0 16 ea $35 $560
Energy Costs
Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -157 gal $4.41 ($19,683)
Net Present Worth ($18,700)
Gallons per Use
Thorne Bay Gym 21 Energy Audit (November 2011)
Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis
25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226
Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us
Thorne Bay Gym
EEM-9: De-Lamp Drink Cooler
Energy Analysis
Electric Savings
Watts Hours kW kWh
-32 8,760 0 -280
Lamp Replacement
Type # Fixtures Lamp # Lamps Life, hrs Lamps//yr $/lamp $/replace
1T8 1 T8 -1 36,000 -0.24 $8 $5
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost
Construction Costs
De-lamp cooler 0 1 LS $60 $60
Annual Costs
Existing lamp replacement, 1T12 1 - 25 -0.24 lamps $13.00 ($61)
Energy Costs
Electric Energy 1 - 25 -280 kWh $0.278 ($1,532)
Net Present Worth ($1,500)
EEM-10: Perform Boiler Combustion Test
Energy Analysis
Annual Gal % Savings Savings, Gal
7,700 -1.0% -77
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost
Construction Costs
Purchase combustion analyzer 0 1 LS $700 $700
Annual Costs
Combustion test 1 - 25 2 hrs $60.00 $2,314
Energy Costs
Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -77 gal $4.41 ($9,624)
Net Present Worth ($6,600)
EEM-11: Upgrade Motors to Premium Efficiency
Energy Analysis
Equip Number HP ηold ηnew kW Hours kWh
P-1/P-2 2 1 76.7% 85.5% -0.13 8,760 -1,150
HV-1 1 5 83.3% 89.5% -0.23 8,760 -2,026
-0.4 -3,176
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost
Construction Costs HP
Replace motor 1 0 2 LS 940 $1,880
Replace motor 5 0 1 LS 1,290 $1,290
Energy Costs
Electric Energy 1 - 25 -3,176 kWh $0.242 ($15,112)
Electric Demand 1 - 25 -4 kW $7.37 ($631)
Net Present Worth ($12,600)
Thorne Bay Gym 22 Energy Audit (November 2011)
Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis
25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226
Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us
Thorne Bay Gym
EEM-12: Install Automatic Valves on Unit Heaters
Energy Analysis
Loss, BTUH Number Factor Loss, kBTU Boiler Effic Fuel, gals
-1,000 6 25% -13,140 70% -139
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost
Construction Costs
Install automatic valves and connect to fan wiring 0 6 ea $500 $3,000
Estimating contingency 0 15%$450
Overhead & profit 0 30%$1,035
Design fees 0 10%$449
Project management 0 8%$395
Energy Costs
Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -139 gal $4.41 ($17,379)
Net Present Worth ($12,100)
EEM-13: Optimize Gym HVAC System
Energy Analysis
Ventilation Savings
SA CFM % OSA Exist OSA CFM % Reduce New OSA CFM
10,800 35% 3,780 70% 1,134
Tave Trm MBH Hours kBtu η boiler Gallons
40 65 -71 1,800 -128,596 68% -1,365
Fan Savings
Case CFM ΔP η, fan BHP η, motor kW Hours kWh
Existing -10,800 1.25 55%-4 89.5% -3 1,800 -5,794
New 7,500 0.75 50%2 89%1 1,800 2,670
-2 -3,123
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost
Construction Costs
Install VFD 0 1 LS $15,000 $15,000
Controls 0 1 LS $20,000 $20,000
Estimating contingency 0 15%$5,250
Overhead & profit 0 30% $12,075
Design fees 0 10%$5,233
Project management 0 8%$4,605
Energy Costs
Electric Energy 1 - 25 -3,123 kWh $0.242 ($14,862)
Electric Demand 1 - 25 -16 kW $7.37 ($2,264)
Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -1,365 gal $4.41 ($170,662)
Net Present Worth ($125,600)
Thorne Bay Gym 23 Energy Audit (November 2011)
Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis
25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226
Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us
Thorne Bay Gym
EEM-14: Replace Exit Lights
Energy Analysis
Number Watts, exist Watts,new kW kWh
6 15 0 -0.1 -788
Lamp Replacement
# Fixtures # Lamps Life, hrs Lamps//yr $/lamp Labor/lamp
6 -2 20,000 -5 $2 $5.00
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost
Construction Costs
Replace exit light 0 6 LS $300 $1,800
Annual Costs
Lamp replacement 1 - 25 -5 $7.00 ($709)
Energy Costs
Electric Energy 1 - 25 -788 kWh $0.242 ($3,751)
Electric Demand 1 - 25 -1 kW $7.37 ($157)
Net Present Worth ($2,800)
EEM-15: Upgrade Gym Lighting
Energy Analysis
Lamp Lamp, watts Fixture Watts Lamp Lamp, watts Fixture Watts kW Hours kWh
MH 400 460 T5 310 357 -2.5 2,860 -7,104
Lamp Replacement
# Fixtures Lamp # Lamps Life, hrs Replace/yr $/lamp replace
24 MH -1 20,000 -3.43 $30
24 T5 6 30,000 2.29 $24
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost
Construction Costs
Replace 400 watt MH with T5 Fluorescent 0 24 LS $525 $12,600
Estimating contingency 0 15%$1,890
Overhead & profit 0 30%$4,347
Design fees 0 10%$1,884
Project management 0 8%$1,658
Annual Costs
Existing lamp replacement, 400 watt MH 1 - 25 -3.43 replacements $60.00 ($3,971)
New lamp replacement, T5 1 - 25 2.29 replacements $54.00 $2,382
Energy Costs
Electric Energy 1 - 25 -7,104 kWh $0.242 ($33,803)
Electric Demand 1 - 25 -30 kW $7.37 ($4,321)
Net Present Worth ($17,300)
Fixtures
24
Existing Replacement Savings
Thorne Bay Gym 24 Energy Audit (November 2011)
Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis
25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226
Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us
Thorne Bay Gym
EEM-16: Install Boiler Room Heat Recovery
Energy Analysis
Heat Recovery
Boiler gph Jacket Loss MBH Hours Loss, kBtu Factor Recovery, kBtu η boiler Gallons
4 -1.5% -9 8,760 -78,840 50% -39,420 84%-339
Fan Energy
MBH ΔT CFM ΔP η, fan # Fans Hours kW kWh
9 25 333 1.50 35%2 7,500 0.3 2,514
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost
Construction Costs
300 CFM HRV 0 1 LS $4,500 $4,500
Ductwork 0 1 LS $3,000 $3,000
Electrical 0 1 LS $1,500 $1,500
Estimating contingency 0 15%$1,350
Overhead & profit 0 30%$3,105
Design fees 0 10%$1,346
Project management 0 8%$1,184
Annual Costs
HRV maintenance 1 - 25 4 hrs $60.00 $4,628
Energy Costs
Electric Energy 1 - 25 2,514 kWh $0.242 $11,961
Electric Demand 1 - 25 4.0 kW $7.37 $583
Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -339 gal $4.41 ($42,350)
Net Present Worth ($9,200)
Thorne Bay Gym 25 Energy Audit (November 2011)
Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis
25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226
Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us
Thorne Bay Gym
EEM-17: Upgrade Interior Lighting
Energy Analysis
Electric Savings
Hours Lamp Lamp, watts Fixture Watts Lamp Lamp, watts Fixture Watts kW Savings, kWh
3,120 1T12 40 46 1T8 32 37 -1 -2,583
3,120 2T12 80 92 2T8 64 74 -1 -3,846
3,120 4T12 160 184 4T8 128 147 -1 -2,067
-3 -8,496
Additional Heating Load
kWh Factor kBtu η boiler Gallons
8,496 75% 21,742 68% 231
Lamp Replacement
# Fixtures Lamp # Lamps Life, hrs Lamps//yr $/lamp
90 1T12 -1 20,000 -19.71 $8
67 2T12 -2 20,000 -29.35 $8
18 4T12 -4 20,000 -15.77 $8
90 1T8 1 36,000 10.95 $4
67 2T8 2 36,000 16.30 $4
18 4T8 4 36,000 8.76 $4
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost
Construction Costs
Replace incandescent with CFL 0 90 LS $10 $900
Replace 2T12 ballast and lamps with T8 0 67 LS $148 $9,916
Replace 4T12 ballast and lamps with T8 0 18 LS $156 $2,808
Estimating contingency 0 15%$2,044
Overhead & profit 0 30%$4,700
Design fees 0 10%$2,037
Project management 0 8%$1,792
Annual Costs
Existing lamp replacement, 1T8 1 - 25 -19.71 lamps $18.00 ($6,841)
Existing lamp replacement, 2T12 1 - 25 -29.35 lamps $26.00 ($14,713)
Existing lamp replacement, 4T12 1 - 25 -15.77 lamps $42.00 ($12,770)
Lamp replacement, 1T8 1 - 25 10.95 lamps $14.00 $2,956
Lamp replacement, 2T8 1 - 25 16.30 lamps $18.00 $5,659
Lamp replacement, 4T8 1 - 25 8.76 lamps $26.00 $4,392
Energy Costs
Electric Energy 1 - 25 -8,496 kWh $0.242 ($40,427)
Electric Demand 1 - 25 -33 kW $7.37 ($4,737)
Fuel Oil 1 - 25 231 gal $4.41 $28,855
Net Present Worth ($13,400)
#
90
67
18
Existing Replacement
Thorne Bay Gym 26 Energy Audit (November 2011)
Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis
25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226
Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us
Thorne Bay Gym
EEM-18: Replace Boiler Burners
Energy Analysis
Annual Gal % Savings Savings, Gal
8,500 -3.0% -255
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost
Construction Costs
Install modulating burner, increase temperature differential 0 2 LS $6,000 $12,000
Estimating contingency 0 15%$1,800
Overhead & profit 0 30%$4,140
Design fees 0 10%$1,794
Project management 0 8%$1,579
Energy Costs
Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -255 gal $4.41 ($31,872)
Net Present Worth ($10,600)
EEM-19: Replace Door Glazing
Energy Analysis
Component Area R,exist R,new ΔT MBH kBtu η boiler Gallons
Glazing 88 1.00 3.0 20 -1.2 -10,278 68%-109
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost
Construction Costs
Replace door glazing 0 88 sqft $60 $5,280
Estimating contingency 0 15%$792
Overhead & profit 0 30%$1,822
Design fees 0 10%$789
Project management 0 8%$695
Energy Costs
Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -109 gal $4.41 ($13,641)
Net Present Worth ($4,300)
EEM-20: Upgrade Hand Dryers
Energy Analysis
Uses/Day Days kWh, ex kWh, new Savings, kWh
100 180 0.025 0.005 -360
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost
Construction Costs
Replace air dryers 0 2 LS $750 $1,500
Energy Costs
Electric Energy (Effective Cost) 1 - 25 -360 kWh $0.278 ($1,968)
Net Present Worth ($500)
Thorne Bay Gym 27 Energy Audit (November 2011)
Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis
25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226
Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us
Thorne Bay Gym
EEM-21: Install Locker Occupancy Sensors
Energy Analysis
Electric Savings
Number Hours Lamp Fixture Watts Hours Lamp Fixture Watts kW kWh
20 2,600 1T12 46 1,300 1T12 46 0.0 -1,196
4 2,600 2T12 92 1,300 2T12 92 0.0 -478
Additional Heating Load 0.0 -1,674
kWh Factor kBtu η boiler Gallons
1,674 75% 4,285 68% 45
Lamp Replacement
# Fixtures Lamp # Lamps Life, hrs Lamps//yr $/lamp Labor/lamp
20 1T12 -1 20,000 -3 $3 $5.00
4 2T12 -2 20,000 -1 $3 $5.00
20 1T12 1 20,000 1 $4 $5.00
4 2T12 2 20,000 0.5 $4 $5.00
Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost
Construction Costs
Occupancy sensors 0 4 LS $800 $3,200
Estimating contingency 0 15%$480
Overhead & profit 0 30%$1,104
Design fees 0 10%$478
Project management 0 8%$421
Annual Costs
Existing lamp replacement, 1T12 1 - 25 -3 lamps $8.00 ($401)
Existing lamp replacement, 2T12 1 - 25 -1 lamps $11.00 ($221)
Lamp replacement, CFL 1 - 25 1 lamps $9.00 $226
Lamp replacement, 2T8 1 - 25 1 lamps $13.00 $130
Energy Costs
Electric Energy 1 - 25 -1,674 kWh $0.242 ($7,967)
Electric Demand 1 - 25 0 kW $7.37 $0
Fuel Oil 1 - 25 45 gal $4.41 $5,686
Net Present Worth $3,100
Existing Replacement Savings
Thorne Bay Gym 28 Energy Audit (November 2011)
Appendix B
Energy and Utility Data
Thorne Bay Gym 29 Energy Audit (November 2011)
Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Billing Data
25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226
Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us
Thorne Bay Gym
ELECTRIC RATE
Alaska Power Company Bulk Power A-2
Craig
Hydaburg
Thorn Bay
Electricity ($ / kWh )$0.0816
Cost of Power Adjustment ($ / kWh)$0.1534
Demand ( $ / kW )$7.16
Customer Charge ( $ / mo )$84.52
Sales Tax ( % )0.0%
ELECTRICAL CONSUMPTION AND DEMAND
kWh kW kWh kW kWh kW kWh kW
Jan 9,520 26 11,120 28 9,040 26 7,840 29 9,380
Feb 12,320 32 11,600 30 10,240 31 9,520 28 10,920
Mar 9,600 27 9,600 30 7,040 25 7,600 27 8,460
Apr 10,640 28 11,520 28 7,600 26 7,680 26 9,360
May 10,240 28 8,640 28 6,560 24 8,560 23 8,500
Jun 8,160 26 8,640 26 5,360 20 6,400 22 7,140
Jul 7,520 23 6,240 17 6,640 20 5,280 20 6,420
Aug 6,160 21 6,960 24 6,080 21 6,240 20 6,360
Sep 8,560 24 7,440 20 7,680 24 6,000 23 7,420
Oct 10,400 27 7,680 24 8,400 27 6,480 21 8,240
Nov 11,920 29 9,280 28 9,680 28 8,880 23 9,940
Dec 11,280 30 8,960 27 8,640 28 7,920 26 9,200
Total 116,320 107,680 92,960 88,400 101,340
Average 9,693 27 8,973 26 7,747 25 7,367 24 8,445
Load Factor 49%48%42%42%25
ELECTRIC BILLING DETAILS
Month Energy Demand Cust & Tax Total Energy Demand Cust & Tax Total % Change
Jan $2,124 $190 $85 $2,399 $1,842 $210 $85 $2,137 -10.9%
Feb $2,406 $219 $85 $2,710 $2,237 $198 $85 $2,520 -7.0%
Mar $1,654 $182 $85 $1,920 $1,786 $194 $85 $2,064 7.5%
Apr $1,786 $190 $85 $2,060 $1,805 $186 $85 $2,075 0.7%
May $1,542 $169 $85 $1,795 $2,012 $165 $85 $2,261 26.0%
Jun $1,260 $144 $85 $1,488 $1,504 $161 $85 $1,749 17.5%
Jul $1,560 $144 $85 $1,789 $1,241 $144 $85 $1,470 -17.9%
Aug $1,429 $152 $85 $1,666 $1,466 $144 $85 $1,695 1.8%
Sep $1,805 $169 $85 $2,058 $1,410 $165 $85 $1,659 -19.4%
Oct $1,974 $194 $85 $2,252 $1,523 $148 $85 $1,756 -22.0%
Nov $2,275 $202 $85 $2,562 $2,087 $165 $85 $2,336 -8.8%
Dec $2,030 $198 $85 $2,313 $1,861 $190 $85 $2,135 -7.7%
Total $ 21,846 $ 2,153 $ 1,014 $ 25,012 $ 20,774 $ 2,070 $ 1,014 $ 23,858 -4.6%
Average $ 1,820 $ 179 $ 85 $ 2,084 $ 1,731 $ 173 $ 85 $ 1,988 -4.6%
Cost ($/kWh)$0.269 87% 9% 4% $0.270 0.3%
Month 2007 2008 2009 Average
Electrical costs are based on the current electric rates.
2009 2010
2010
Thorne Bay Gym 30 Energy Audit (November 2011)
Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Annual Electric Consumption
25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226
Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us
Thorne Bay Gym
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecElectric Use (kWh)Month of the Year
Electric Use History
2007
2008
2009
2010
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecElectric Demand (kW)Month of the Year
Electric Demand History
2007
2008
2009
2010
Thorne Bay Gym 31 Energy Audit (November 2011)
Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Electric Cost
25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226
Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us
Thorne Bay Gym 2010
$ 0
$ 500
$ 1,000
$ 1,500
$ 2,000
$ 2,500
$ 3,000
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecElectric Cost (USD)Month of the Year
Electric Cost Breakdown
2010
Electric Use (kWh) Costs
Electric Demand (kW) Costs
Customer Charge and Taxes
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Electric Demand (kW)Electric Use (kWh)Month of the Year
Electric Use and Demand Comparison
2010
Electric Use
Electric Demand
Thorne Bay Gym 32 Energy Audit (November 2011)
Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Annual Fuel Oil Consumption
25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226
Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us
Thorne Bay Gym
Year Fuel Oil Degree Days
2007 N/A 7,430
2008 8,963 7,385
2009 9,349 7,538
2010 7,105 7,390
5,000
5,500
6,000
6,500
7,000
7,500
8,000
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
2008 2009 2010 Degree DaysGallons of Fuel OilYear
Annual Fuel Oil Use
Fuel Oil
Degree Days
Thorne Bay Gym 33 Energy Audit (November 2011)
Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Annual Electric Consumption and Cost
25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226
Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us
Thorne Bay Gym
Energy Cost $/MMBTU Area ECI EUI
Fuel Oil $4.16 $42.91 21,750 $2.88 69
Electricity $0.270 $83.26
Source Cost
Electricity 101,000 kWh $27,300 340 23%
Fuel Oil 8,500 Gallons $35,400 1,150 77%
Totals -$62,700 1,490 100%
Annual Energy Consumption and Cost
Consumption Energy, MMBtu
Thorne Bay Gym 34 Energy Audit (November 2011)
Appendix C
Equipment Data
Thorne Bay Gym 35 Energy Audit (November 2011)
MotorHP / Volts / RPM / EfficEF-1 Fan Room 2 Locker Room PaceSCF-97B 2520 CFM 1 HP/ 1077 RPM/ 77%belt brokerEF-2 AtticLobby Toilets Greenheck6BP-14 1000 CFM 1/4 HP/ 725 RPMnever shuts offEF-4 Concession Kitchen HoodGreenhecknot runningB-1 Boiler Room Building Heat Weil Mclain76504 MBH 1/4 HP/ 110 V/ 3450 RPMP-1 Boiler Room Circulation Pump Peerless7454871 HP/ 208 V/ 1730 RPM/ 77%B-3 Boiler Room Water Heater Pvi750P250ATP0 600000 BTU/H 1/3 HP/ 115 V/ 3450 RPM firepower T7-2B burnerP-4 Boiler Room Circulation Pump Grundfos100115 V/ 0.74 AmpsB-2 Boiler Room Building Heat Weil Mclain76584 MBH 1/4 HP/ 110 V/ 3450 RPMP-2 Boiler Room CirculationPeerless91522111 HP/ 208 V/ 1725 RPM/ 77%HV-3 Boiler Room Offices/ Commons McQuayCHD108CH 1745 CFM 2 HP/ 208 VBoiler Room Control Air Pressure Air Compressor Products Baldor #11/2 HP/ 208 V/ 1725 RPM/ 74%Baldor #21/2 HP/ 208 V/ 1725 RPM/ 74%HV-2 Fan Room #2 Gym West Wall Space McQuayLSL106CV1 1/2 HP/ 228 V/ 1745 RPM/ 79.1% actuators not workingHV-1 Fan Room #3 Gym AirMcQuayLHD122DH 10800 CFM 5 HP/ 208 V/ 1745 RPM/ 84% actuators not workingBasement Vent FanPenn ZephyrZ81/4 HP/ 115 VMajor Equipment InventoryThorne Bay GymUnit IDLocation Function Make Model CapacityNotesThorne Bay Gym 36 Energy Audit (November 2011)
Appendix D
Abbreviations
AHU Air handling unit
BTU British thermal unit
BTUH BTU per hour
CBJ City and Borough of Juneau
CMU Concrete masonry unit
CO2 Carbon dioxide
CUH Cabinet unit heater
DDC Direct digital controls
DHW Domestic hot water
EAD Exhaust air damper
EEM Energy efficiency measure
EF Exhaust fan
Gyp Bd Gypsum board
HVAC Heating, Ventilating, Air-
conditioning
HW Hot water
HWRP Hot water recirculating pump
KVA Kilovolt-amps
kW Kilowatt
kWh Kilowatt-hour
LED Light emitting diode
MBH 1,000 Btu per hour
MMBH 1,000,000 Btu per hour
OAD Outside air damper
RAD Return air damper
RF Return fan
SIR Savings to investment ratio
SF Supply fan
UV Unit ventilator
VAV Variable air volume
VFD Variable frequency drive
Thorne Bay Gym 37 Energy Audit (November 2011)