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APPENDIX A
Baseline Energy Assessment Report
Baseline Energy Assessment Report
forthe
Yakutat Tlingit Tribe
Yakutat, Alaska
Prepared for:
Yakutat Tlingit Tribe
by:
�►/ ourevolution
energy & engineering
August 5, 2011
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction and Purpose.................................................................................................3
1.1
Facilities Evaluated.............................................................................................
3
2.0 Methodology
....................................................................................................................3
2.1
On -Site Energy Assessment............................................................................... 3
2.2
Utility
Billing Analyses......................................................................................... 4
3.0 Existing Energy Conditions..............................................................................................5
3.1
Yakutat Tlingit Tribal Office and Elementary School Building (Grade School) ..... 5
3.1.1
Grade School — Building Envelope..........................................................5
3.1.2
Grade School — Lighting Systems.............................................................6
3.1.3
Grade School — Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Systems
(HVAC).....................................................................................................7
3.1.4
Grade School — Domestic Hot Water (DHW)............................................7
3.1.5
Grade School — Plug Loads......................................................................8,
3.1.6
Grade School — Utility Data Analyses.......................................................8
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3.2
Yakutat High School, Woodshop, and Youth Center Facilities (High School) .....
10
3.2.1
High School Facilities — Building Envelope.............................................11
3.2.2
High School Facilities Lighting Systems
13
3.2.3
High School Facilities — Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
Systems (HVAC)
3.2.4
High School Facilities — Domestic Hot Water (DHW)..............................15
3.2.5
High School Facilities — Plug Loads........................................................15
3.1.6
High School Facilities — Utility Data Analyses.........................................16
3.3
Alaska Commercial Value Center and Warehouse.............................................18
3.3.1
AC Store and Warehouse — Building Envelope......................................18
3.3.2
AC Store and Warehouse — Lighting Systems........................................20
3.3.3
AC Store and Warehouse — Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
Systems(HVAC)....................................................................................20
3.3.4
AC Store and Warehouse — Domestic Hot Water (DHW) .......................21
3.3.5
AC Store and Warehouse — Plug Loads.................................................21
3.3.6
AC Store and Warehouse — Utility Data Analyses..................................23
3.4
Yakutat
Seafood Plant (Seafood Plant)..............................................................25
3.4.1
Seafood Plant — Building Envelope.........................................................26
3.4.2
Seafood Plant — Lighting Systems..........................................................26
3.4.3
Seafood Plant — Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Systems
(HVAC)...................................................................................................27_
3.4.4
Seafood Plant — Domestic Hot Water (DHW).........................................27
3.4.5
Seafood Plant — Plug (Process) Loads...................................................28
3.4.6
Seafood Plant — Utility Data Analyses....................................................
29
3.5
Mallott's General Store (Mallott's)......................................................................
30
3.5.1
Mallott's General Store — Building Envelope...........................................30
3.5.2
Mallott's General Store — Lighting Systems............................................33
3.5.3
Mallott's General Store — Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
Systems(HVAC)....................................................................................33
3.5.4
Mallott's General Store — Domestic Hot Water (DHW)............................34
3.5.5
Mallott's General Store — Plug (Process) Loads.....................................34
3.5.6
Mallott's General Store — Utility Data Analyses.......................................37
References...............................................................................................................................39
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1.0 Introduction and Purpose
The purpose of this report is to summarize the work completed and main findings of the energy
evaluations completed for five facilities located in Yakutat, Alaska selected for assessment by
the Yakutat Tlingit Tribe. The following sections summarize: 1) the methodology used to assess
baseline energy performance; 2) the energy existing conditions, energy efficiency and
conservation opportunities, and estimated energy savings potential.
1.1 Facilities Evaluated
The facilities evaluated for this energy assessment include:
• Yakutat Tlingit Tribal Office and Elementary School Building (Grade School)
• Yakutat High School and Woodshop (High School)
• Alaska Commercial Supermarket (Market)
• Yakutat Seafood Plant (Seafood Plant)
• Mallott's General Store (Mallott's)
2.0 Methodology
To develop energy efficiency strategy it is necessary to develop a comprehensive
understanding of the baseline energy performance of the existing facilities evaluated and then to
estimate energy savings from target energy conservation measures (ECMs). The two main
components of this assessment are: 1) on -site energy evaluation and efficiency opportunity
identification; and 2) utility data analyses and benchmarking.
This baseline energy assessment is based on inspection of the facilities, interviews with staff,
and a review of relevant energy records provided by the facility operators. The following
sections describe the methodology used to collect baseline information, the facilities covered by
this assessment, and the major categories of energy use evaluated for those facilities.
2.1 On -Site Energy Assessment
Following initial coordination with Yakutat Tlingit tribal staff, Ourevolution and Ridolfi engineers
conducted an energy efficiency and conservation audit of the target facilities. The audit
consisted of the following:
A walk -though inspection of the target facilities accompanied by staff with specific
attention paid to the following energy usage categories:
o Building Envelope (walls, windows, doors, roof, floor insulation,
o Lighting Systems
o Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC)
o Domestic Water Heating
o Plug Loads (refrigerators, freezers, coffee -makers, vending machines, etc.)
Interviews with owners and staff regarding the use and history of individual facilities
Walk-through inspections were conducted by Ourevolution and Ridolfi engineers during the
week of May 9 to May 13, 2011.
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2.2 Utility Billing Analyses
Electric power to all buildings is supplied by Yakutat Power. Fuel Oil is provided by Delta
Western, Inc. Heating energy for the Elementary and High School facilities is provided from
'Waste heat" from the Yakutat Power Plant located adjacent to the school building. The cost for
this waste heat is derived from pumping energy required to circulate the system heating fluid.
The energy required for this pump is metered separately and the Tribe is billed correspondingly.
The type and duration of the utility billing data provided by the Tribe is summarized below:
• Yakutat Tlingit Tribal Office and Elementary School Building
o Electrical Utility Billing DataB — 4/28/2008 to 10/27/2009
o Electrical Utility Billing Data —10/27/2009 to 4/28/2011
• Yakutat High School and Woodshop
o High School - Electrical Utility Billing Data — 4/28/2008 to 10/27/2009
o High School - Electrical Utility Billing Data —10/27/2009 to 4/28/2011
o High School WoodshopA — Electrical Utility Billing Data — 4/27/2008 to
4/28/2011
• Alaska Commercial Supermarket
o Electrical Utility Billing Data — 4/27/2008 to 4/28/2011
• Yakutat Seafood Plant
o Electrical Utility Billing Data — 4/27/2008 to 4/28/2011
• Mallott's General Store
o Electrical Utility Billing Data — 4/27/2008 to 4/28/2011
o Fuel Oil Billing Data — 7/30/2009 to 4/11/2011
A. Primary data is defined as utility billing records provided by Yakutat Power for the period
delineated.
B. Secondary data is defined as utility data extrapolated from "historical billing" information
provided in the primary data set.
Annual heating fuel and electrical energy use for the target facilities were calculated by L
averaging available annual historical data. These figures were then converted to BTU source
energy and divided by the conditioned floor area of each building in order to calculate the
Energy Use Index (EUI) in kBTU/ft2/yr. Source energy, energy content (BTU) was determined
using Table 5.1 of of ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 105-2007. Similar to EUI, the sum of the energy
costs was divided by the area of each building to calculate the Energy Cost Index in dollars per
square foot. The Energy Use Index for each building was compared to the average Commercial
Building Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS, Energy Information Administration, 2003)
Energy Use Index benchmark for the coastal southwest Alaskan climate zone (Climate Zone '
#1), with differences expressed numerically in kBTU/ft2/yr and as a percentage. Base load was
calculated by averaging the energy usage during the "non-heating/non-cooling months" (fall and
spring). Finally, estimates of energy usage by building energy sector were calculated based on
the loads observed, estimates of usage patterns and utility billing data.
Based on the energy index and base load calculations described above in conjunction with L
energy conditions observed in the field, potential energy efficiency and conservation
opportunities were identified and their associated energy savings could be estimated. L
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3.0 Existing Energy Conditions
0 The following sections summarize the main findings of the on -site energy assessments,
efficiency opportunities and utility analyses conducted for the target facilities.
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3.1 Yakutat Tlingit Tribal Office and Elementary School Building (Grade School)
The two-story Grade School structure contains
approximately 22,000 square foot (so of conditioned space
and was constructed in the mid-1980s. The first floor
contains four elementary school classrooms, a computer
lab, office and document production room, gymnasium with
stage, boys and girls restrooms, boys and girls locker
rooms and a swimming pool facility. The pool facilities
were not evaluated as part of this assessment. Aside
from one classroom, the second floor is largely occupied
by the Yakutat Tlingit Tribal Offices. The second floor
contains the Tribal NALEMP offices, conference room,
administrative offices, three restrooms, and one classroom.
3.1.1 Grade School— Building Envelope
The Grade School structure is constructed of conventional
materials with 2"x6" exterior stud bays and a combination
of wood composite "sheet" -style siding with a stucco -style
finish and vertical corrugated metal siding. At the time of
the audit, the exterior siding appeared to be in fair
condition with only minor signs of deterioration in the sheet
siding noted at the base of the structure. These points
should be sealed to prevent moisture intrusion into the wall
system and further deterioration. Based on wall
dimensions and indications of insulation near outlets, wall
insulation was estimated at R-13.
YTT Tribal Office and Elementary
School Building
Impacted building envelope
condition
The Grade School was constructed on a "slab -on -grade" concrete foundation, therefore there is
no "under building" access for inspection. It is unknown how or if the slab was insulated during
construction. With the exception of the gymnasium, the first floor interior spaces have a
conventional ceiling attached to floor joists. There is no access to the space between floors to
verify insulation. However, inspection near lighting fixtures indicated that this space is insulated.
The gymnasium has open, steel -trussed ceilings. Insulation was observed during the field audit.
Based on the dimensions noted, the estimated R-Value in the gymnasium is R-30. The second
floor ceiling is vaulted with exposed, approximately 18-inch roof rafters. No insulation was
noted on the interior of the structure but is likely to exist under the roofing materials. The age of
the roofing materials is unknown.
The roof system relies on a roofing integrated drainage system that discharges to the
subsurface. At the time of the audit there was no indication of system failure.
Window glazing is restricted to the southern and eastern facades of the Grade School facility.
These units are all dual -paned with vinyl frames. These windows were inspected for fit and
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performance and were in good condition at the time of the audit. Table 1 contains a summary of
the glazing observed during the field assessment.
Table 1. Grade School Facility Glazing Summary
Location
Type
Area per
Total Number
Total Area
% of Total
Units
of Units
s
Window Area
Awning —
South Face
Dual -Paned,
3
72
216
58%
Vinyl Framed
Fixed/Casement
South Face
— Dual -Paned,
16
4
64
17%
Vinyl- Framed
Fixed/Casement
South Face
— Dual -Paned,
20
2
40
11 %
Vinyl- Framed
Awning Dual -
East Face
Paned, Vinyl-
3
18
54
14%
Framed
As can be seen in Table 1 approximately 86% of the window glazing in the Grade School
Facility is located on the south face. At approximately 12% of the total southern wall area likely
allows for significant solar heat gain (heat gain related to solar energy falling through the
glazing) which is a benefit in the southeast Alaska climate zone. Any overheating due to the
significant amount of south facing glass can be mitigated by heat -absorbing blinds and
overhangs.
3.1.2 Grade School— Lighting Systems
The electric lighting in the Grade School is largely comprised of T12, linear fluorescent lamps.
With the exception of the 8-foot lamps in the -_ __
gymnasium, all of the linear fluorescents are 4 feet in - j
length with an average power use of 40 watts per lamp. --- - -_ -
In addition to the linear fluorescents, a handful of 4- e
incandescent bulbs and six exterior mercury vapor
lamps were also observed. Overall, there are significant
opportunities for energy efficiency improvements within -
the lighting systems at the Grade School.
Energy use calculations based on an average energy T ��!'r
cost of $0.38 per kWh indicate that the lighting currently -.1-_ • 1<�
accounts for approximately $21,000 per year in energy
costs. Retrofitting all of the T12 linear fluorescents to YTT Tribal Office Lighting
high efficiency T8, all incandescent lamps to compact
fluorescent lamps (CFL) and mercury vapor to light emitting diode lamps (LED) could reduce
lighting energy by up to 41 % saving approximately $9,000 per year. The estimated capital cost
of these retrofits is $15,925 resulting in a simple payback of 1.8 years. Additional lighting
energy savings could be yielded from installing occupancy sensors in infrequently used areas
such as restrooms and hallways.
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3.1.3 Grade School —Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Systems (HVAC)
The Grade School HVAC systems are based on waste
heat generated at the Yakutat Power Plant located -411
adjacent to the school facilities. This waste heat is
pumped (via circulation fluid) to the grade school system
from the power plant to a central boiler tank system 1
located in the grade school mechanical room. These
tanks also serve the grade school domestic water
system. A heat exchanger in the mechanical room
transfers heat from the waste heat circulation system into
the Grade School hydronic heating system. The Grade
School system relies on a set of % horsepower (HP) Damaged radiator fins
Grundfos pumps to circulate heating fluid from the main
heat exchanger through hydronic baseboard emitters on the second floor and in the majority of
the first floor. Significant damage to the "fins" in many of these baseboard units was observed.
Repair or replacement of these units would improve heat transfer efficiency. Additionally, these
pumps cycle heating fluid to air handlers that serve the Grade School forced air system.
Four air handlers transfer heat from the Grade School hydronic system into a forced air
distribution system. One air handler serves the locker rooms and adjacent hallway, one serves
the swimming pool facility, one serves the commercial kitchen, and one serves the gymnasium.
Each of these units utilizes a 3/ HP fan motor. One thermostat for each zone controls the
operation of these units, however at the time of the audit it appeared that the controls for these
units had been mechanically overridden, and the fans ran continuously. Similarly no apparent
thermostatic controls were noted on the 1st and 2"d floor hydronic baseboard emitters. At the
time of the audit, the interior spaces were overheated, and windows were being used to regulate
occupant comfort.
Though there are no "fuel costs" associated with the operation of the Grade School HVAC
systems due to the fact that they receive "waste heat" from the power plant, there are significant
energy expenditures related to the process loads which serve the systems. These loads
include: waste heat circulator pumps, hydronic heating system circulation pumps, and forced air
system fan motors. With no apparent thermostatic or zoning controls in the existing HVAC
operations, it appears that these systems operate continuously. Upgrading the systems to
include automated controls would significantly reduce energy costs associated heating within
the building and allow greater occupant comfort. Building energy modeling is recommended to
further quantify the potential costs and savings of alternative HVAC modifications.
3.1.4 Grade School— Domestic Hot Water (DHW)
Domestic water heating is provided by an indirect heat exchanger on the waste heat boiler,
J therefore there are no direct fuel costs associated with DHW besides charges accrued by the
waste heat circulation pump located at the power plant. Insulation on the hot water lines
appeared to be significantly impacted at the time of the energy assessment. Ensuring a
minimum of 1" closed cell insulation on all accessible hot water lines would reduce heat loss
within the distribution system.
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3.1.5 Grade School — Plug Loads
The Grade School has plug loads common to most offices including:
1) Computers and Monitors �+
2) Printers/Copiers.
3) Fax Machines
4) Telephone Systems
5) Personal Electronics
The main recommendations with these types of loads are that energy saving settings are used e
on computers and electronics and that personal behavior be trained to reduce loads when not
needed. These types of electronics should always be turned off when not in use. As an even
better solution, these types of loads should be placed on a power strip, and all power should be
shut off when not in use. This would eliminate the significant "phantom load" (power that is
used when the unit is in "idle") associated with office electronics.
The Grade School contains three "compact' refrigerators, one 16 cubic foot (cf) refrigerator and C
a commercial unit. These units are spread around the Grade School facility and in general were
underutilized. Energy usage analyses indicates that removing the "compact" refrigerators from
use would save up to $72 per month (at $0.38 per kWh). C
Three coffee makers were observed during the field assessment. Occupant interviews
indicated that these units are in operation for over 8 hours per day. Replacing these units with a
central, "insulated carafe -style" unit could save up to $200 per month.
The main plug loads seen in the Grade School are the circulation pumps and HVAC forced air
fans. As discussed in Section 3.1.3, these systems are largely unregulated and run
continuously. Assuming 24 hour run periods, reducing run times by '/2 by implementing
automated controls, would result in approximately $5,000 per year in annual energy cost C
savings.
See Appendix P for a more detailed accounting of the loads and savings estimates considered `
for this evaluation.
3.1.6 Grade School — Utility Data Analyses
The Grade School is currently being served electrical energy by Yakutat Power. Three years of
electrical energy utility data was available for analysis. E
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Table 2 contains a summary of the energy usage data provided for the Grade School,
Table 2. Grade School Utility Billing Summary
Month
Average Energy
Usage
(kWh/month)
Average Cost
($/month)
January
13720.0
4443.2
February
13333.3
4163.1
March
10320.0
3128.4
April
12240.0
3785.0
May
12573.3
4081.1
June
11600.0
4124.5
July
9973.3
3413.2
August
6053.3
2049.1
September
9360.0
2851.8
October
12026.7
3804.7
November
13800.0
4155.6
December
12893.3
3857.5
Annual
137893.3
43857.1
A vera a
11491.1
3654.8
As can been seen in Table 2, the Grade School used an annual average of 137,893 kWh of
electrical energy at a cost of $43,857 per year. Table 3 contains a summary of the energy use
analyses completed for the Grade School facility.
Table 3. Grade School Energy Analyses Summary
Conditioned Floor Area
22,000
Annual Electrical Energy Consumption (kWh/year
137,893
Annual Natural Gas Consumption (therms/year
n/a
Annual Energy Cost $/ ear
$43,857
Energy Use Index (kBTU/ft / ear
64.2
Energy Cost Index $/ft / ear
$1.99
Average EUI for Education Buildings in Climate Zone #1 kl3TU/ft / ear "
91.6
Building Benchmark kBTU/ft / ear
-27.442
Building Benchmark %
-30%
Monthly Baseload kWh
11,550
As can be seen in Table 3, based on the data provided, the Grade School building has an
energy usage index (EUI) of 64.2 kBTU/sf/year. This is 30% less energy than would be
expected from a similar size building in Climate Zone #1. This is likely due to the fact that
heating energy is provided through "waste heat' from the power plant is not metered, therefore
the energy billing data does not reflect this energy usage. It should be noted that the energy
cost index (ECI) of the Grade School is $1.99/sf/year. This is approximately 50% higher than
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would be expected from similar buildings in the same climate zone. Results of this
benchmarking exercise indicate that there is significant opportunity for cost savings within this
structure. Figure 1 details the monthly energy use profile determined for the Grade School
building.
Figure 1. Grade School Monthly Energy Usage Profile
16000.0
to
14000.0
12000.0
W 10000.0
u E 8000.0
Z
d 6000.0
W�+
to 4000.0
Q 2000.0
Month
As can be seen in Figure 1, the energy consumption data provided for the Grade School
building shows a relatively flat energy consumption profile which tapers in the summer months
likely due to the fact that the school is not in full operation during this time. The baseload for
this building is 11,550 kWh/month, which is equivalent to the annual average monthly energy
usage. This indicates that the majority of the building systems are operated at full capacity
year-round. Additionally, though not assessed during the field audit, the swimming pool facility
likely represents a significant load to the year-round building energy use. Modifications to
heating system controls and upgrades to lighting as recommended would likely have significant
impacts on the energy usage profile.
3.2 Yakutat High School, Woodshop, and Youth Center Facilities (High School)
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Yakutat High School Building
The single -story High School structure contains
approximately 28,000 square feet (sf) of conditioned
space. The facilities include eight classrooms, a large
gymnasium, boys and girls locker rooms, restroom
facilities, an auditorium, computer lab, shop and
administrative offices. The approximately 4,000
square foot woodshop is located adjacent to the high
school contains a large shop space and classroom. A
third, approximately 1,800 square foot modular building
located on the north side of the High School was also
assessed during the field work. This structure is used
as a Youth Center.
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3.2.1 High School Facilities— Building Envelope
The High School structure is constructed of conventional
materials with 2"x6" exterior stud bays. This structure is
sided mostly with a wood composite, T-111 type siding.
A small portion of the wall system is sided with a
horizontal wood lapped siding. At the time of the audit,
the exterior siding appeared to be in fair condition
however, visible signs of deterioration to the weather
resistant barrier (paint) were evident. These areas
should be primed and sealed to prevent further
deterioration of the building envelope.
The High School structure was constructed on a "slab -
on -grade" concrete foundation, therefore there is no
"under building" access for inspection. It is unknown how
or if the slab was insulated during construction.
With the exception of the gymnasium, the interior
spaces have a dropped ceiling. Inspection of the
area above the dropped ceiling indicated that the
roof was insulated with fiberglass batt insulation.
The estimated R-Value of the roof insulation is R-
30. The gymnasium has open, steel -trussed
ceilings. Insulation was observed during the field
audit. Based on the dimensions noted, the
estimated R-Value in the gymnasium is R-30.
The roof system relies on a roofing integrated
drainage system that discharges to the
subsurface. At the time of the audit there was no
indication of system failure.
Deteriorated weather resistant
barrier
Impacted window seals
The High School fenestration (doors and windows) are comprised of a combination of dual -
paned, vinyl framed windows, single -paned wood framed windows, aluminum framed glass
doors and solid core doors.
Table 4 details the fenestration observed during the field assessment.
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Table 4. High School Facility Glazing Summary
Approximate
Total
Total Area
% of Total
Location
Type
Area per
Number of
�sfl
Fenestration
Units
Units
Area
*Casement —
West Face
Dual -Paned, Vinyl-
12
6
72
11 %
Framed
Entry Way -
West Face
Aluminum -Framed,
125
1
125
19%
Dual -Paned
Entry Way -
West Face
Aluminum -Framed,
20
1
20
3%
Single -Paned
Entry Way -
North Face
Aluminum -Framed,
20
1
20
3%
Single- aned
Fixed/Awning —
North Face
Wood -framed,
10
16
160
24%
Single -Paned
Fixed/Awning —
East Face
Wood -framed,
10
2
20
3%
Single- aned
Fixed — Wood -
East Face
framed, Single-
4
4
16
2%
Paned
Fixed/Awning —
South Face
Wood -framed,
10
9
90
14%
Single -Paned
Fixed — Aluminum -
South Face
Framed, Dual
135
1
135
21 %
Paned
* One of the west facing casement windows was observed to be broken at the time of the audit.
As can be seen in Table 4, single paned, wood framed
windows account for approximately 43.5% of the total
fenestration installed at the High School. The condition
of these windows tended to be fair; however, they are
likely a significant source of heat loss. Upgrading all
single -paned windows and doors to a dual -paned
equivalent would reduce heat loss by up to '/2.
Additionally the condition of the seal around the large
"atrium" window located on the south side of the
structure was observed to be poor. This condition will
allow moisture intrusion around the base of the window
assembly. Additionally, as noted above, the glass unit
on of the west facing casement windows was broken at
the time of the field assessment.
Youth Center Structure
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The Woodshop structure is steel -framed with metal exterior siding and roofing. At the time of
the audit, no significant issues were observed in the exterior cladding or roofing systems. The
roof of the structure is insulated with fiberglass batt insulation with an estimated R-Value of R-
12. At the time of the audit, there was no indication of wall insulation within the woodshop. The
Woodshop structure was constructed on a "slab -on -grade" concrete foundation, therefore there
is no "under building" access for inspection. It is unknown how or if the slab was insulated
during construction.
The modular building located on the north side of the High School is constructed of conventional
materials used for modular buildings. This structure has 2" x 4" stud bays and is likely insulated
to an R-13. This structure has wooden T-111 type sheet siding. The condition of the siding was
poor to fair at the time of the audit. Obvious moisture damage was apparent in the exterior
paint, vegetation was noted against the structure and the southeast corner showed significant
damage to the siding material. This damage will lead to moisture intrusion into the wall and the
further deterioration of the wall system. The roof of the structure is made of a standing seam
steel material and was in good condition at the time of the audit. The interior of the structure
has dropped ceilings under an insulated roof. The estimated R-value of the existing ceiling
insulation is R-20. The modular structure is constructed on a concrete perimeter foundation.
Access to the crawl space was limited, but inspection through one of the crawl space vents
indicated that floor insulation was present. This insulation appeared to be significantly impacted
and was in a deteriorated condition. Removal and reinstallation of crawl space and roofing
insulation would significantly reduce heat loss within the building and increase occupant
comfort. The windows in the modular structure are all single -paned with wooden frames.
These units are also a significant source of heat loss. After all other insulating measures are
implemented; replacing these units with dual -paned equivalents would reduce heat loss through
the windows by half or more.
3.2.2 High School Facilities — Lighting Systems
With the exception of the Gymnasium and Auditorium, the interior electric lighting in the High
School is largely comprised of recently retrofitted, high efficiency T8, linear fluorescent lamps.
The lamps observed in the existing fixtures were rated at 32 watts. A further 20% reduction in
lighting energy could be achieved by installing 25-watt T8 lamps during routine maintenance of
the lighting system. The main lighting system upgrade opportunities are discussed below.
The Gymnasium contains approximately 29 metal halide lamps with a rated power of 250-watts
per lamp. These fixtures could be retrofitted with an LED equivalent which would save
approximately 65% of the lighting energy used by the existing fixtures. Fourteen 75-watt
incandescent spot lights were observed in the Auditorium. Replacing the incandescent with
equivalent CFL would reduce this lighting load by over 75%. Finally, outside lighting is
comprised of a combination of high -intensity discharge (HID) lamps. These units could be
retrofitted with LED equivalents which would reduce outside energy usage by up to 65%.
Energy use calculations for the "upgradable" lighting systems described above, based on an
average energy cost of $0.38 per kWh indicate that the this portion of the High School lighting
load currently accounts for approximately $7,800 per year in energy costs. Completing the
retrofits described above could yield an energy cost savings of $5,500 per year. The estimated
capital cost of these retrofits is $18,799 resulting in a simple payback of 3.4 years. Additional
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lighting energy savings could be yielded from installing occupancy sensors in infrequently used
areas such as restrooms and hallways.
Lighting systems in the Modular Building and Woodshop consisted of upgraded T8 linear
fluorescent lamps and a handful of incandescent bulbs. All incandescents should be replaced
with a CFL equivalent.
3.2.3 High School Facilities —Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Systems (HVAC)
The High School and Woodshop HVAC systems are based on waste heat generated at the
Yakutat Power Plant located adjacent to the school facilities. This waste heat is pumped (via
circulation fluid) to the high school systems from the power plant to a boiler tank system located
in the High School mechanical room and to a heat exchanger located above the classroom in
the Woodshop. These High School tanks also serve the High School domestic water system. A
heat exchanger in the mechanical room transfers heat from the waste heat circulation system
into the high school hydronic heating system. The heat exchanger in the Woodshop transfer
heat directly into a forced air ventilation and heat distribution system.
The High School system relies on a set of %
horsepower (HP) Grundfos pumps to circulate heating
fluid from the main heat exchanger three air handlers
that transfer heat from the High School hydronic system
into a forced air distribution system. According to
maintenance staff, one air handier serves the entry
way, hallways and common areas, one serves the
auditorium, and one serves the southeast portion of the
building. Each of these units utilizes a 2 HP fan motor.
One thermostat for each zone controls the operation of
these units, however at the time of the audit it appeared
that the controls for these units had been removed, and
the fans ran continuously. At the time of the audit, the
interior spaces were extremely overheated, and
Removed HVAC Controls
windows were being used to regulate occupant comfort. This is another indication of the lack of
thermostatic controls within the High School heating system.
The Woodshop heating system also provides significant air filtration necessary for indoor air
quality within the shop facility. This ventilation is provided by a large air handler with a 5 HP fan
motor. Thermostatic controls on this unit regulate its heating cycle intervals. The ventilation
system is run when the shop is in operation.
The modular structure is heated by an 81,000 BTUH oil furnace rated for an oil input of 0.71
gallons per hour (GPH). This unit is equipped with a Beckett oil burner manufactured in 2005.
The unit appeared to be in fair condition at the time of the audit with only minor indications of
corrosion. The ducting is located above the dropped ceiling and was observed to be insulated.
Though there are no direct "fuel costs" associated with the operation of the High School HVAC
systems due to the fact that they receive "waste heat" from the power plant, there are significant
energy expenditures related to the process loads which serve the systems. These loads
include: waste heat circulator pumps, hydronic heating system circulation pumps, and forced air
14
system fan motors. With no apparent thermostatic or zoning controls in the existing HVAC
operations, it appears that these systems operate continuously. Upgrading the systems to
include automated controls would significantly reduce energy costs associated heating within
the building and allow greater occupant comfort. Building energy modeling is recommended to
further quantify the potential costs and savings of alternative HVAC modifications.
3.2.4 High School Facilities — Domestic Hot Water (DHM
Domestic water heating for the High School is provided by an indirect heat exchanger on the
waste heat boiler, therefore there are no direct fuel costs associated with DHW besides charges
accrued by the waste heat circulation pump located at the power plant. Insulation on the hot
water lines appeared to be significantly impacted at the time of the energy assessment.
Ensuring a minimum of 1" closed cell insulation on all accessible hot water lines would reduce
heat loss within the distribution system.
The modular structure utilizes a U.S. Water Heaters, 40-gallon, electric resistance water heater
to provide domestic hot water. This unit is internally insulated and was in fair condition at the
time of the audit. At an average electrical energy cost of $0.38/kWh, this unit costs an
estimated $580 per year to operate. At the end of its serviceable life, switching this unit to
utilize a lower cost fuel source is recommended.
3.2.5 High School Facilities — Plug Loads
The High School and related facilities have plug loads common to most offices including:
1)
Computers and Monitors
2)
Printers/Copiers
3)
Fax Machines
4)
Telephone Systems
5)
Personal Electronics
The main recommendations with these types of loads are that energy saving settings are used
on computers and electronics and that personal behavior be trained to reduce loads when not
needed. These types of electronics should always be turned off when not in use. As an even
better solution, these types of loads should be placed on a power strip, and all power should be
shut off when not in use. This would eliminate the significant "phantom load" (power that is
used when the unit is in "idle") associated with office electronics.
In addition to the office loads six, approximately 16 cubic foot (cf) refrigerators, and two compact
refrigerator units were observed in the High School facilities. These units are spread around the
High School facilities and in general were underutilized. Energy usage analyses indicates that
removing all but one refrigerator unit from service would save up to $118 per month (at $0.38
per kWh).
The main plug loads seen in the High School are the circulation pumps and HVAC forced air
fans. As discussed in Section 3.1.3, these systems are largely unregulated and run
continuously. Assuming 24 hour run periods, reducing run times by '/2 by implementing
automated controls, would result in approximately $8,600 per year in annual energy cost
savings.
15
3.1.6 High School Facilities - Utility Data Analyses
The High School and Woodshop are currently being served electrical energy by Yakutat Power.
Three years of electrical energy utility data was available for analysis. Table 5 contains a
summary of the energy usage data provided for the combined High School and Woodshop
facilities.
Table 5. High School Facilities Utility Billing Summary
Month
Average Energy
Usage
(kWh/month)
Average Cost
($/month)
January
18800.0
5900.9
February
20160.0
6342.3
March
17053.3
5400.4
April
16773.3
5354.1
May
11733.3
4071.5
June
10933.3
3701.4
July
9560.0
3036.9
August
13253.3
4132.3
September
15040.0
4677.5
October
17266.7
5343.4
November
19693.3
5957.3
December
18693.3
5605.1
Annual
188960.0
59523.0
Average
15746.7
4960.2
As can been seen in Table 5, the High School and Woodshop used an annual average of
188,960 kWh of electrical energy at an average cost of $59,523 per year. Table 6 contains a
summary of the energy use analyses completed for the Grade School facility.
Table 6. High School Facilities Energy Analyses Summary
Conditioned Floor Area
32,000
Annual Electrical Energy Consumption (kWh/year
188,960
Annual Natural Gas Consumption (therms/year
n/a
Annual Energy Cost $/ ear
$59,523
Energy Use Index kBTU/ft / ear
60.4
Energy Cost Index $/ft / ear
$1.86
Average EUI for Education Buildings in Climate Zone #1 kBTU/ft / ear *
91.6
Building Benchmark kBTU/ft / ear
-31.156
Building Benchmark %
-34%
Monthly Baseload MMBTU
15,203.3
16
i�
As can be seen in Table 6, based on the data provided, the High School and Woodshop have a
combined energy usage index (EUI) of 60.4 kBTU/sf/year. This is 34% less energy than would
be expected from similar size buildings in Climate Zone #1. This is likely due to the fact that
heating energy is provided through "waste heat" from the power plant is not metered, therefore
the energy billing data does not reflect this energy usage. It should be noted that the energy
cost index (ECI) of the High School Facilities is $1.86/sf/year. This is approximately 40% higher
than would be expected from similar buildings in the same climate zone. Results of this
benchmarking exercise indicate that there is significant opportunity for cost savings within this
structure. Figure 2 details the monthly energy use profile determined for the CDC building.
Figure 2. High School Monthly Energy Usage Profile
25000.0
m
to
20000.0
d
W 15000.0
W .
10000.0
W v
d
OD
�5000.0
a
As can be seen in Figure 2, the energy consumption data
provided for the High School Facilities shows a relatively
flat energy consumption profile which tapers in the
summer months likely due to the fact that the school is
not in full operation during this time. The baseload for
this building is 15,203 kWh/month, which is equivalent to
the annual average monthly energy usage. This
indicates that the majority of the building systems are
operated at full capacity year-round. Modifications to
heating system controls, upgrades to lighting, and
window retrofits as recommended would likely have
significant impacts on the energy usage profile.
Alaska Commercial Value Center
17
3.3 Alaska Commercial Value Center and Warehouse
The two-story Alaska Commercial Supermarket is made
up of two structures. The main building contains
approximately 11,000 square feet (sf) of retail and
operations area. The first floor facilities include grocery,
produce and deli departments in addition to a public
restroom, stock, produce preparation area and
mechanical room. The second floor loft contains
hardware, clothing and fishing supplies.
The second, approximately 7,200 structure, serves as a
stock warehouse. This building also contains a second
floor residence for store managers. No access to the
residence was provided as part of this assessment.
3.3.1 AC Store and Warehouse — Building Envelope
The AC Store structure is steel framed structure with
wood framing that supports an interior drywall finish.
This structure has metal siding on all sides except for
its north face, which is cladded in wood shakes and
horizontal wood lap siding. The metal siding was in
poor condition at the time of the audit with many signs
of corrosion and damage to the siding integrity. No
insulation was observed in the wall system. The roof is
made of a corrugated steel material which was in good
condition at the time of the assessment.
The AC Store was constructed on a "slab -on -grade"
concrete foundation, therefore there is no "under
building" access for inspection. It is unknown how or if
the slab was insulated during construction. No
indication of slab insulation was noted during the field
assessment.
L�
The AC Store warehouse is a steel framed structure ti _
with metal siding and roof. The siding on this structure
was also very impacted with significant corrosion and '' • `'`
damage located around the base perimeter.
physical 9 P
Several of the damaged locations penetrated the
entire building envelope allowing direct access to the y ,
interior space. Repairing these conditions would AC Store Warehouse —Damaged
reduce further damage to the structure and would Envelope Conditions
greatly reduce air infiltration. No insulation was noted
in the walls of the warehouse structure. Sealing all damaged areas and applying a spray foam
AC Store Warehouse
AC Store — Corrosion on building
siding
18
type insulation would reduce heat loss through this structure significantly. Building energy
modeling is recommended to further quantify potential savings.
No roof system drainage features were noted on either building during the field assessment.
Roof runoff is allowed to drain from the perimeter of the roof in an uncontrolled fashion. With
snow loading and rainwater runoff, it is likely that significant water intrusion occurs through the
wall systems.
Fenestration (doors and windows) at the AC Store is limited to windows and glass entry doors
on the north side of the structure, a small window on the east side, and a large bay door on the
south side of the structure. Table 7 details the fenestration observed during the field
assessment.
Table 7. AC Store - Fenestration Summary
Approximate
Total
Total Area
% of Total
Location
Type
Area per
Number of
Unit (so
Units
(sf)Fenestration
Area
Entry Way -
North Face
Aluminum-
42
1
42
16%
Framed, Dual -
Paned
Fixed - Vinyl -
North Face
Framed, Dual-
6.25
2
12.5
5%
Paned
Fixed - Vinyl -
North Face
Framed, Dual-
9
4
36
14%
Paned
Single Hung -
North Face
Vinyl -Framed,
6
4
24
9%
Dual -Paned
Casement- Vinyl -
North Face
Framed, Dual-
12
3
36
14%
Paned
Casement - Vinyl -
East Face
Framed, Dual-
6
1
6
2%
Paned
South Face
Steel Bay Door
120
1
120
46%
South Face
I Steel Entry Door
1 21
1
21
8%
As can be seen in Table7, all of the windows are dual paned. The bay door makes up nearly'h
of all of the fenestration in the building. An examination of the seals on this door indicated that
they are in a deteriorated condition. Upgrading these seals would significantly reduce air
infiltration.
Aside from approximately 18 sf of dual -paned, vinyl framed windows located on its north side of
the structure, the fenestration on the warehouse structure is limited to steel bay doors. There
are two large (-120 sf) bay doors located on the north side of the structure, and one located on
the south. Similar to the retail structure, the seals on these bay doors were in a deteriorated
condition. Upgrading these seals would significantly reduce air infiltration.
1
3.3.2 AC Store and Warehouse — Lighting Systems
The AC Store's (retail structure) second floor lighting systems
have been upgraded to high efficiency T8, linear fluorescent
lamps. The lamps observed in the existing fixtures were rated at
32 watts. A further 20% reduction in lighting energy could be
achieved by installing 25-watt T8 lamps during routine
maintenance of the lighting system. The main lighting upgrade
opportunities identified in the retail and warehouse structures are
discussed below.
The lighting systems on the first floor of the retail and warehouse
structures include a combination of 4-foot and 8-foot, T12 linear
fluorescent lamps. Additionally, the warehouse utilizes four metal
halide fixtures. No occupancy sensors were noted in any of the *+
AC Store facilities. Due to the intermittent usage of the
warehouse structure, occupancy sensors in the main floor area u
would limit lighting to periods of activity within the structure. AC Store — Boiler Unit
Based on usage information provided by store manager's and an
average electrical energy cost of $0.38/kWh the AC Store and Warehouse spend an estimated
$10,235 per year on lighting. Upgrading all existing T12 linear fluorescent fixtures to high
efficiency T8 lamps, retrofitting the metal halide lamps to LED equivalents and including
occupancy sensors in the warehouse would save approximately $3,500 per year. With an
estimated retrofit cost of $3,240, this yields a simple payback of approximately 1 year.
3.3.3 AC Store and Warehouse —Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Systems
(HVAC)
The AC Store is heated using a Valliant, oil -fired boiler
with a rated heating capacity of 241,000 BTU/hr and
rated efficiency of 86%. This unit heats a hydronic loop
that is circulated by a 1/8 HP Bell & Gossett circulation
pump. Heat is distributed into the conditioned space by
a pair of Modine convectors that transfer heat from the
hydronic loop to the air. Building managers indicate that
this system works very well and in fact the building tends```
6y
to be overheated. This may be due to the quantity of
refrigeration units that reject heat directly into the AC
Store retail space. This unit was in fair condition at the
time of the audit. The top of the unit had some corrosion AC Store Warehouse — Fan
and was slightly collapsed at the time of the audit. Convector
Though the unit was in fair condition, no insulation was
noted on the hydronic lines in the "back room". All accessible lines in "unconditioned space"
should be insulated with a minimum of 1" closed cell insulation. Additionally, the exhaust flue
for this unit appeared to be excessive in length. This may restrict the ability of the unit to draft
properly. If possible, the flue should be reconfigured to a vertical run through the roof. This will
allow the unit to draft properly and mitigate any indoor air quality issues that may occur due to
improper draft pressures. At the end of its serviceable life, replacing this unit with an Energy
Star rated equivalent is recommended.
20
The AC Store Warehouse is heated by a combination of oil -fired space heaters and a central
boiler system and hydronic loop. The southern portion F r %r
of the h ' h t d b tw ware ouse is ea T
e y o oyostove oil -fired
heaters. Each of these units is direct vented and has
a heating capacity of 40,000 BTU per hour. These
units were in good condition at the time of the audit,
however, due to their ground mounted locations and
the conditions of the building envelope described
above, the overall effectiveness in heating this space
is questionable. Additional heat is likely provided by
the condenser unit on a walk-in freezer located in this
portion of the warehouse.
AC Store — Boiler Flue Configuration
The northern portion of the warehouse and the second
floor residential unit are heated by a 145,000 BTU/hour, Weil -McLain oil fired boiler unit. This
Energy Star rated unit was installed in 2007. Heating fluid is circulated using a pair of 1/6 HP
Taco circulator pumps through two Reznor convectors that transfer heat from the heating coil to
the air in the northern portion of the warehouse. Heat distribution in the residential unit is
unknown. This system was in good condition at the time of the field assessment; however, no
insulation was noted on any of the hydronic lines. Any hydronic lines located in "unconditioned"
space should be insulated with a minimum of 1-inch of closed cell foam insulation.
3.3.4 AC Store and Warehouse — Domestic Hot Water (DHWI
Domestic water heating for the AC Store retail structure is
provided by an oil -fired Toyotomi "on -demand" water heater.
This unit has a rated input capacity of 148,000 BTU/hour. This
unit was in good condition at the time of the audit, however, the
thermostat setting was on "very hot". The water temperature in
the sink adjacent to the unit was measured at 150 degrees F.
No insulation was noted on the hot water supply lines. These
lines had surface temperatures in excess of 130 degrees F.
Significant energy could be saved by reducing the thermostat
setting to achieve 120 degrees F at the point of use and
insulating all accessible hot water supply lines with a minimum
of 1-inch closed cell foam insulation.
No water heating equipment was noted for use in the
warehouse structure.
3.3.5 AC Store and Warehouse — Plug Loads
AC Store — Oil -Fired Water
Heater
The AC Store has plug loads common to retail office spaces including:
21
1)
Computers and Monitors
2)
Printers/Copiers
3)
Fax Machines
4)
Telephone Systems
5)
Cash Registers
The main recommendations with these types of loads are
that energy saving settings are used on computers and
electronics and that personal behavior be trained to
reduce loads when not needed. These types of
electronics should always be turned off when not in use.
As an even better solution, these types of loads should
be placed on a power strip, and all power should be shut
off when not in use. This would eliminate the significant
"phantom load" (power that is used when the unit is in
"idle") associated with office electronics.
The most significant plug (process) loads found in the
AC Store and Warehouse are related to the refrigeration.
The retail structure contains a combination of two walk in
freezer units, one walk in dairy cooler, and a produce
cooling unit. The condensers for these units are located
in the south part of the structure and all discharge heat
directly into the back room. Three of these units are
manufactured by Heatcraft and were manufactured in
2003. The produce refrigeration unit had recently been
replaced with a Russell condenser unit. At the time of
the audit, the older units were in fair condition with signs AC Store — External Condenser Unit
of corrosion on fittings and leakage and condensation
staining. Additionally, the insulation on refrigeration lines associated with these units was in a
deteriorated condition. All refrigeration supply lines should be insulated with a minimum of 1-
inch closed cell foam insulation where accessible. Finally, at the All r
time of the audit, the area near these units was being used to
store empty boxes. All materials (boxes, etc) should be kept clear
of these units so that adequate air flow is available for heat '
rejection. �+
AC Store — Condenser Units
A secondary, exterior condenser unit was observed at the
southwest corner of the retail structure. According to store
managers, this unit is used during the summer months when
interior temperatures in the backroom do not allow for adequate
heat rejection by the two freezer and one dairy cooler condensers.
No insulation was noted on the refrigeration lines connecting this
unit to the internal systems. Additionally, the heat exchanger fins
located on the bottom of this external unit were extremely clogged
with debris. This condition significantly reduces the heat
exchange efficiency of this unit. All refrigeration supply lines
should be insulated with a minimum of 1-inch closed cell foam
insulation and cleaning of the heat exchanger fins should be part
AC Store — Condensation
adjacent to walk-in cooler
cabinets
22
of routine maintenance. Isolating the interior condenser units into a "mechanical room" that
provides outside ventilation may reduce or remove the need for this secondary exterior unit.
The refrigeration "boxes" associated with the mechanical systems described above did not
appear to have adequate floor insulation. This is evidenced by the condensation observed on
the floor adjacent to these units. Additionally, the seals on many of the doors were in a
deteriorated condition. Providing adequate floor insulation and repairing damaged seals would
greatly improve the efficiency of these units.
In addition to the walk-in refrigeration units, the AC Store retail space contains several free-
standing units. These units include two, approximately 14 cf chest freezers and three drink
refrigerators provided by vendors. Integrating the contents of the chest freezers into the
existing walk-in freezer space would save and estimated $656 per year (at $0.38 per kWh). A
test of the drink coolers indicated that center Pepsi cooler uses over twice as much energy as
the adjacent coolers. Additionally the internal temperature of this unit was approximately 12
degrees higher than the adjacent units. This indicates that there may be mechanical conditions
that are impeding the performance of this unit. Replacing this unit with a cooler with equivalent
performance to the other existing units would save up to $970 per year in energy costs.
The AC Store Warehouse contains a large walk-in freezer unit. This unit has is equipped with a
Heatcraft condenser unit manufactured in 2009. The condenser unit was in good condition at
the time of the audit. As with the walk-in units in the retail space, the floor insulation associated
with the warehouse freezer box appears to be inadequate. This is evidenced by a significant
amount of condensation observed at the base of the cabinet. This condition will lead to further
deterioration of the unit.
AC Store Warehouse —
Freezer Condenser Unit
r
AC Store Warehouse —
Condensation observed at the base
of walk-in freezer unit
I
23
3.3.6 AC Store and Warehouse — Utility Data Analyses
The AC Store and Warehouse are currently being served electrical energy by Yakutat Power.
Three years of electrical energy utility data was available for analysis. Though the AC Store
and Warehouse use fuel oil for HVAC and DHW, no fuel oil data was available for this analysis.
Table 8 contains a summary of the energy usage data provided for the AC Store and
Warehouse.
Table 8. AC Store and Warehouse Utility Billing Summary
Month
Average Energy
Usage
(kWh/month)
Average Cost
($/month)
January
25493.3
$5,277
February
28000.0
$5,796
March
27306.7
$5,652
April
26840.0
$5,556
May
27200.0
$5,630
June
30800.0
$6,376
July
30253.3
$6,262
August
30360.0
$6,285
September
30333.3
$6,279
October
28066.7
$5,810
November
29373.3
$6,080
December
28786.7
$5,959
Annual
342813.3
$70,962
Average
28567.8
$5,914
As can been seen in Table 8, the AC Store and Warehouse used an annual average of
342,813.3 kWh of electrical energy at an average cost of $70,962 per year. Table 9 contains a
summary of the energy use analyses completed for the AC Store.
Table 9. AC Store and Warehouse Energy Analyses Summary
Conditioned Floor Area ft
11,000
Annual Electrical Energy Consumption (kWh/year
342,813
Annual Natural Gas Consumption (therms/year
n/a
Annual Energy Cost $/ ear
$70,962
Energy Use Index kWh/ft / ear
31.2
Energy Cost Index $/ft / ear
$6.45
Average EUI for Food Sales Buildings in Climate Zone #1 kWh/ft / ear *
43
Building Benchmark kWh/ft / ear
-11.8
Building Benchmark %
-27.5%
Monthly Baseload kWh
28,110
24
.. J
As can be seen in Table 9, based on the data provided, the AC Store has an electrical energy
usage index (EUI) of 31.2 kWh/sf/year. This is 28% less energy than would be expected from
similar size buildings in Climate Zone #1. It should be noted that the analysis does not include
oil fuel consumption which are the energy sources for the HVAC and DHW systems. Therefore
the performance reductions is likely due to the fact that these systems are unaccounted for in
the analysis. It should be noted that the energy cost index (ECI) of the AC Store is
$6.45/sf/year. Although the ECI for the Northwest was not available, similar structures in the
South and Midwest show the AC store is approximately 50% higher than would be expected
from similar buildings in those regions. Results of this benchmarking exercise indicate that
there is significant opportunity for cost savings within this structure. Figure 2 details the monthly
energy use profile determined for the AC Store building.
Figure 3. AC Store and Warehouse Monthly Energy Usage Profile
35000.0
G
5 30000.0
E
r 25000.0
20000.0
d
15000.0
910000.0
d
W 5000.0
0.0
Jai Jai air Q�\ �aJ
P oPp -4 `ems
Q ��Q 0 Qe
Month
3.4 Yakutat Seafood Plant (Seafood Plant)
The two-story, approximately 28,000 sf Yakutat
Seafoods Plant was originally constructed in 1900.
This facility provides processing, cold storage,
packing and shipping services for the local fishing
industry. An approximately 4,000 square foot
structure on the northwest portion of the facility
contains administrative offices, while the vast
majority of operations occur in the southeast,
warehousing, cold storage and processing facilities.
The first floor of the Seafood Plant operations are
contains the processing and cold storage area,
while the second floor is used for storage of
packaging and other process materials. The
Seafood Plant is in full operation from April through
October, and keeps a small staff on during the
Yakutat Seafood Plant
25
winter months.
In addition to the office and plant operations facilities, four residential units are also operated at
the Seafood Plant site. A total of 20 units are located in these facilities. These units house up
to 30 people during plant operation.
3.4.1 Seafood Plant— Building Envelope
F
The Seafood structure is constructed of conventional wood framing. It is sided with standing
seam steel and has a standing seam steel roof. At the time of the field assessment, these
materials were in good condition. The offices have a dropped ceiling with an insulated roof. i
The estimated R-value of this insulation is R-30. No insulation was noted in the roof or walls of
the warehouse and processing portions of the structure.
The office portion of the Seafood plant was constructed on a "slab -on -grade" concrete
foundation, therefore there is no "under building" access for inspection. It is unknown how or if
the slab was insulated during construction. The warehouse and processing areas are
constructed on a pier. No insulation is present on the underside of this area.
Fenestration (doors and windows) at the Seafood plant are limited to windows to a very small C
number of vinyl framed, dual paned glass windows, that likely have an insignificant effect on the
overall thermal performance of the Seafood Plant Structure. r-
Operations at the plant require large loading doors to be open throughout the day and evening.
Additionally, the only "conditioned space" within the Seafood Plant are limited to the office
areas. Due to this fact, building envelope modifications to increase the thermal efficiency of the
structure are not warranted. No envelope conditions affecting the structural integrity of the
envelope materials were observed during the field inspection.
3.4.2 Seafood Plant — Lighting Systems
Energy use estimates of the lighting systems at the
Seafood Plant indicate that during full operation, the
lighting systems account for approximately $5,600 in
energy costs per month. Therefore any increases in
lighting efficiency will have a significant impact on the
cost of plant operations.
The lighting system in the office area of the Seafood
Plant is comprised of energy efficient 4-foot, T8 linear
fluorescent fixtures. At the time of the audit, these
fixtures were equipped with 32-watt lamps. A 25%
reduction in lighting energy could be achieved in these
fixtures by replacing the 32-watt lamps with 25-watt
lamps as part of routine maintenance.
Seafood Plant — Processing Area
Lighting Systems
L
L
L
C.
L
L
The lighting systems in the main operations and exterior portions of the plant consist of a
combination of mercury vapor and metal halide lamps (high intensity discharge, HID), T12 linear L
fluorescent fixtures and incandescent lamps. Over 200 linear fluorescent fixtures,
26
approximately 37 HID lamps and 10 incandescent lamps were observed during the field
assessment. Retrofitting the T12 fixtures to high efficiency T8 equivalents, replacing HID
fixtures with LED equivalents, and replacing incandescent lamps with CFL equivalents would
yield energy cost savings up to $2,700 per month at full operation. With an estimated retrofit
cost of $31,000, and based on the seasonal operations, this retrofit is expected to have a 1.6
year payback.
3.4.3 Seafood Plant —Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Systems (HVAC)
The only conditioned space within the Seafood Plant operations is the office space. This area is
conditioned with a combination of a Toyotomi kerosene space heater and a 10-kW ceiling
mounted electric resistance heater. According to office occupants, the electric heater is rarely
used. Both of these units were in good condition at the time of the audit with no visible signs of
deterioration.
Each of the twenty residential units is heated by a 1,500-watt Cadet wall heater. Though usage
estimates were not provided, operating these units 4 hours per day results in $4,560 per month
in energy costs (at $0.38 per kWh). Upgrading these units to a higher efficiency, lower cost fuel
source, or a central system should be considered. Building energy modeling is recommended
to further quantify the benefits of such a retrofit.
3.4.4 Seafood Plant — Domestic Hot Water (DHM
Three domestic water heaters were observed during the field
assessment of the Seafood Plant. These units include a pair of !
Rheem, 50-gallon, 4,500-watt electric resistance water heaters
manufactured in 2009. These units are located in the second "`- f
floor "storage" are and are estimated to cost approximately $400 3cA
per month to operate. Switching to a single, larger capacity, oil-
fired unit (tank storage or on demand) is recommended at the
end of the serviceable life of these newer units.
A third domestic water heater was observed in the first floor
shower/locker room. This unit is an A.O. Smith, 80-gallon,
electric -resistance water heater with a rated power of 18 kW. '
This unit was manufactured in 1998 and showed significant signs 'f
of deterioration at the time of the field assessment. The base of `2
the appeared to be almost entirely compromised and failure _
should be expected in the short term. Though the demand
profile of this unit is unknown, if it is operated for 4 hours per Seafood Plant —
day, its energy costs are approximately $820 per month. Due to Shower/locker room water
its existing condition, this unit should be replaced. An oil -fired heating unit
(storage tank or demand) unit with similar capacity is
recommended. It should be noted that at the time of replacement the demand profile of this unit
should be calculated in order to better pair the required energy input to the hot water recovery
requirements.
Water heating systems for the residential units were not observed during the field assessment
of this facility.
27
3.4.5 Seafood Plant — Plug (Process) Loads
The Seafood Plant has plug loads common to office spaces including:
1)
Computers and Monitors
2)
Printers/Copiers
3)
Fax Machines
4)
Telephone Systems
5)
Personal Electronics
The main recommendations with these types of loads are that
energy saving settings are used on computers and electronics
and that personal behavior be trained to reduce loads when not
needed. These types of electronics should always be turned off
when not in use. As an even better solution, these types of loads
should be placed on a power strip, and all power should be shut
off when not in use. This would eliminate the significant
"phantom load" (power that is used when the unit is in "idle")
associated with office electronics.
The most significant process loads associated with the Seafood
Plant operations are related to the cold storage equipment. This
equipment is centered on five large compressors. A major
renovation of the refrigeration lines and compressor rebuilds
occurred in 2010. These compressors rely on the following
motors:
• 2, 100 HP Lincoln Motors
• 1, 150 HP Reliance Motor
• 1, 60 HP Toshiba Motor
• 1, 40 HP Siemens Motor
Seafood Plant -
Mechanical Room
The compressors and refrigerant distribution systems were in excellent condition at the time of
the audit, with no visible signs of damage or deterioration. Interviews with the plant engineer
indicated that routine operations and maintenance of these units is completed regularly. [
A thermal imaging study of these units and other process loads and power distribution systems
seen in the plant is recommended. This study would provide plant engineers and operators with
an in depth assessment of the condition of the internal circuitry of these systems.
2s
L-
U
Li
11
U
[:1
3.4.6 Seafood Plant- Utility Data Analyses
The Seafood Plant is currently being served electrical energy by Yakutat Power. Three years of
electrical energy utility data was available for analysis. Though the Seafood Plant uses fuel oil
for its limited HVAC systems, no fuel oil data was available for this analysis. Table 10 contains
a summary of the energy usage data provided for the Seafood Plant.
Table 10. Seafood Plant Utility Billing Summary
Month
Average Energy
Usage
(kWh/month)
Average Cost
($/month)
January
19306.7
3996.5
February
18666.7
3864.0
March
65813.3
13623.4
April
131146.7
27147.4
May
98666.7
20424.0
June
88853.3
18392.6
July
110133.3
22797.6
August
152693.3
31607.5
September
178293.3
36906.7
October
71520.0
14804.6
November
30186.7
6248.6
December
19840.0
4106.9
Annual
985120.0
$203,920
Average
82093.3
$16,993
As can been seen in Table 10, the Seafood Plant used an annual average of 985,120.0 kWh of
electrical energy at an average cost of $203,920 per year. Table 11 contains a summary of the
energy use analyses completed for the Seafood Plant.
Table 11. Seafood Plant Energy Analyses Summary
Conditioned Floor Area ft
32,000
Annual Electrical Energy Consumption (kWh/year
985,120
Annual Natural Gas Consumption (therms/year
n/a
Annual Energy Cost $/ ear
$203,920
Energy Use Index kWh/ft / ear
30.8
Energy Cost Index $/ft / ear
$6.37
Average EUI for Food Service Buildings in Climate Zone #1 kWh/ / ear *
29.3
Building Benchmark kWh/ft / ear
1.485
Building Benchmark %
5.1 %
Monthly Baseload kWh
119,907
29
As can be seen in Table 11, based on the data provided, the Seafood Plant has an energy
usage index (EUI) of 30.8 kWh/sf/year. This is 5.1% more energy than would be expected from
similar size buildings in Climate Zone #1. Results of this benchmarking exercise indicate that
there is significant opportunity for cost savings within this structure. Given the high energy
consumption and associated costs, even marginal efficiency gain would lead to large savings,
up to $10,196.
Figure 4 details the monthly energy use profile determined for the Seafood Plant.
Figure 4. Seafood Plant Monthly Energy Usage Profile
35000.0
30000.0
E
s 25000.0
120000.0
d
tw
15000.0
10000.0
d
W 5000.0
d
0.0
IF
Month
3.5 Mallott's General Store (Mallott's)
Mallott's General Store has been in business in
Yakutat, Alaska since 1946. The original structure,
constructed in 1946, included 1,200 sf of retail space
and 1,200 sf of residential space. In the 1960s, the
store was expanded to include a larger retail area and
warehouse bringing the total square footage to just
over 5,000 sf. Major renovations in 1986 added more
retail space and second floor offices and storage,
increasing the facility size to 7,470 sf. The most
recent addition was a 400 sf loading dock constructed
in 1995. Mallott's is a full service general store
including grocery, fresh produce, frozen, deli and
refrigerated foods, gift shop and hardware sections.
3.5.1 Mallott's General Store— Building Envelope
Io O
Mallott's General Store
Due to the staged development of Mallott's, the building envelope is comprised of several
material types. The majority of the structure is clad with vinyl, horizontal lap siding. This
material was in good condition at the time of the audit, with few exceptions. The area located
30
above the warehouse where the boiler flue pipe is located was significantly impacted by flue
gases. The siding and roofing in this location showed significant deterioration. This condition
could be mitigated by extending the flue to above the second floor roof line. Also, due to the
location of an adjacent window, this flue location is also likely a
negative impact to indoor air quality. Additionally, some
discontinuities were noted at the union between the siding and !�
foundation materials. These areas showed gaps which could allow
moisture into the wall system. These areas should be caulked to
provide a continuous moisture barrier.
The northeast side of the loading dock and second floor office is
sided with a standing seam, steel siding. This material was in fair
condition at the time of the audit, with the exception noted above.
The northeast corner of the store is constructed of concrete
masonry units (CMU). This material was in good condition, and
appeared to have been recently painted.
The original portion of the store has a corrugated steel roof. This
roof was in fair condition at the time of the audit with signs of
corrosion visible in the field and along the drip edge. The "newer"
portions of the structure have standing seem steel roofs. This
material was in good condition at the time of the audit.
The original portion of the structure sits on a concrete
stem -wall foundation. An inspection of the crawl space
for this portion of the store indicates that this portion of
the store has no floor insulation. Additionally, no vapor
barrier was noted on the earth floor of this crawl space.
Air sealing, insulating the floor to a minimum R-25. A
sump pump was noted in the crawl space. This
indicates that this area is often saturated therefore, no
earth -floor vapor barrier installation is recommended.
The balance of the retail and warehouse area is
constructed on a concrete slab -on -grade foundation. It Mallott's — Moisture damaged attic
is unknown whether this slab was insulated at the time insulation
of construction. No evidence of slab insulation was
noted during the field assessment. The northwestern portion of the second floor office area was
constructed on a concrete stem wall. No insulation was noted on this portion of the structure.
Mallott's —Siding and
roofing deterioration
from boiler flue.
The loading dock is constructed on a concrete slab -on -grade foundation with concrete stem
walls. Evidence of rigid insulation on the concrete stem wall was noted during the field audit.
Due to the vintage of this remodel (1995) and the insulated stem wall, it is assumed that the
slab was also insulated at the time of construction.
The second floor office has a dropped ceiling. An inspection above the ceiling indicated that the
roof is insulated to a level of R-19. This insulation is in a somewhat deteriorated condition at the
time of the audit with obvious impacts of moisture damage. Re -insulating this area would
31
significantly reduce heat loss through the roof. Energy Star recommends attic insulation to a
level of R-38 for the Southeast Alaska Climate Zone.
No insulation was noted in the exposed roof in the warehouse portion of the store. Rigid
insulation may have been applied under the roofing materials, but no evidence was noted during
the field assessment. If not present, insulating to a level of R-38 is recommended to reduce
heat loss through the roof in this area.
Fenestration (doors and windows) at the Mallott's General Store is comprised of a combination
of wood -framed, single -paned windows, aluminum -framed, single -paned windows, and vinyl -
framed, dual paned windows. Additionally, the store contains an aluminum framed, dual -paned
glass entry door, a bay door for access into the warehouse area, and a large bay door at the
loading dock. Table 12 details the fenestration included for assessment.
Table 12. Mallott's General Store — Fenestration Summary
Approximate
Total
% of Total
Location
Type
Area per
Number of
Total Area
Fenestration
Units
Units
(sf)
Area
Southwest
Double Hung,
Face
Wood -Framed,
16
4
64
10%
Sin le Paned
Southwest
Double Hung,
Face
Wood -Framed,
8
1
8
1%
Single Paned
Southwest
Casement, Vinyl -
Face
Framed, Dual-
6
2
12
2%
Paned
Southwest
Fixed/Casement,
Face
Vinyl -Framed,
4
1
4
1 %
Dual -Paned
Northwest
Double Hung,
Face
Wood -Framed,
8
3
24
4%
Single Paned
Northwest
Fixed/Casement,
Face
Vinyl -Framed,
24
1
24
4%
Dual -Paned
Southwest
Casement, Vinyl -
Face
Framed, Dual-
12
3
36
6%
Paned
Southwest
Fixed, Vinyl -
Face
Framed, Dual-
3
2
6
1 %
Paned
Northwest
Fixed, Vinyl -
Face
Framed, Dual-
3
1
3
0.5%
Paned
Northeast
Casement,
Face
Aluminum -Framed,
10
3
30
5%
Single -Paned
Southeast
Casement, Vinyl -
Face
Framed, Dual-
4
1
4
1 %
Paned
32
Southeast
Double Hung,
Face
Wood -Framed,
8
4
32
5%
Single Paned
Southeast
Casement,
Face
Aluminum -Framed,
6
1
6
1%
Single -Paned
Southeast
Casement,
Face
Aluminum -Framed,
10
2
20
3%
Single -Paned
Southwest
Steel Bay Door
192
1
192
31 %
Face
Southwest
Steel Bay Door
140
1
140
22%
Face
Southeast
Entry Door,
Face
Aluminum -Framed,
18
1
18
3%
Dual Paned
As can be seen in Table 12, the two large bay doors account for over half of the fenestration
included in this assessment. The seals on these doors were inspected at the time of the audit
and were in good condition. In addition to the bay doors, approximately 28% of the fenestration
assessed are singled paned and either wood- or vinyl -framed. Upgrading these windows would
reduce heat loss. Due to the historic nature of the structure, replacing the wood -framed
windows may not be appropriate however interior storm windows could be retrofit without
impacting the existing windows. Furthermore, the single -paned, aluminum -framed windows
observed during the field assessment were in poor condition with large gaps visible between the
frame and window opening. These windows should be upgraded to insulated, vinyl -framed
windows. This upgrade would reduce heat loss and provide better air/moisture seals.
3.5.2 Ma//ott's General Store — Lighting Systems
The majority of the lighting systems in the store had recently been
upgraded to linear, LED fixtures. These units are the highest
efficiency lighting available for this application. Approximately
twelve, T12 linear fluorescent fixtures were noted during the field
assessment. Store owners indicated that these fixtures were
scheduled for LED retrofit.
A metal halide lamp was noted at the entry to the store.
Retrofitting this fixture with an LED equivalent would reduce the
energy needed by this fixture by 65%.
3.5.3 Ma//ott's General Store — Heating, Ventilation and Air
Conditioning Systems (HVAC)
The HVAC system is centered on a Toyotomi, Oil Miser (Model Mallott's — Upgraded LED
OM-180) oil -fired boiler with a rated heat capacity of 148,000 Lighting System
BTU/hour. This unit provides hot water for a central hydronic
loop. Three, thermostatically controlled 1/25 HP circulation pumps cycle hot water from this unit
to a pair of Modine fan convector units that distribute heat in the warehouse and central retail
area and an air handler that heats the second floor offices. The HVAC systems were in good
condition at the time of the audit with the exception of the flue exhaust condition described in
33
Section 3.5.1 above. Duct insulation in the second floor distribution system was estimated at R-
5, which meets minimum insulation standards.
It should be noted that additional internal heat gain is provided by the condenser units of the
many cabinet and walk-in refrigeration units located throughout the store. This additional heat
gain is evidenced by the fact that windows located behind several of the refrigeration cabinets
were open and screened at the time of the field assessment. Store owners stated that this was
a way to improve the heat rejection of the adjacent refrigeration units.
3.5.4 MaHott's General Store — Domestic Hot Water (DHM
The main energy source for DHW in the store comes from a heat
recovery loop. Heat rejected from four recently replaced water
cooled refrigeration condenser units (produce, reach -in freezer,
reach -in cooler) is recovered and circulated to a DHW storage
tank. Supplemental energy from the Toyotomi boiler described
above supplements heat requirements when the heat recovery
system does not provide adequate heat energy. This innovative
system improves the efficiency of the produce coolers as well as
providing "free" heat energy for DHW. No insulation was noted
on hot water supply lines at the time of the audit. Temperature
readings of this line indicate surface temperatures in excess of
115 degrees F. Insulating all accessible hot water supply lines
with a minimum of 1-inch closed cell insulation would further
increase the efficiency of these systems.
3.5.5 Mallott's General Store — Plug (Process) Loads
Mallott's General Store has plug loads common to office spaces
including.
1)
Computers and Monitors
2)
Printers/Copiers
3)
Fax Machines
4)
Telephone Systems
5)
Personal Electronics
The main recommendations with these types of loads
are that energy saving settings are used on computers
and electronics and that personal behavior be trained to
reduce loads when not needed. These types of
electronics should always be turned off when not in use.
As an even better solution, these types of loads should
be placed on a power strip, and all power should be shut
off when not in use. This would eliminate the significant
"phantom load" (power that is used when the unit is in
"idle") associated with office electronics.
L 1 .. . - ._.
Mallott's — Water-cooled
refrigeration condenser
units
Mallott's — Walk-in freezer corroded
evaporator unit
L.
34
The most significant plug loads observed at Mallotts General Store are associated with the
many refrigeration units. This energy use sector is likely the largest portion of the annual
energy usage at the store. An assessment of these units, and potential opportunities are
discussed below.
The external freezer unit observed at the store is a 20-foot, steel shipping container freezer
located directly southwest of the warehouse. This unit is equipped with a Kold Pack external
condenser unit with a rated power of approximately 2,000 watts. The condenser unit was in fair
condition at the time of the audit with adequate ventilation. Significant frozen condensation was
observed on the ceiling of freezer cabinet which may be related to poor door seals. Additionally,
the internal evaporator was in poor condition with visible leakage from the pan causing
significant deterioration of the evaporator fins. Replacing
door seals in installing a newer plastic curtain on the
door opening would reduce relative humidity in the unit,
which may reduce condensation.
A second walk-in freezer unit was observed in the r
warehouse portion of the store. The freezer enclosure
was of unknown make or vintage, and was likely }
constructed on site. The door and seals of the interior
freezer unit were in poor condition at the time of the audit
and are likely significant sources of heat loss and air
leakage. Air leakage is evidenced by frozen condensate
located on the ceiling of the unit. Significant sagging Mallott's —Walk-in cooler,
was noted in the ceiling which indicates that the evaporator and coil conditions
structural integrity of the unit is questionable. An inspection of the
top of the unit was not possible due to stored material. The
internal, walk-in freezer is equipped with a condenser that
rejected heat directly into t warehouse area. The condenser had
recently been equipped with a new fan and condenser coils. Due
to boxes being stored in the direct vicinity of this unit and the
configuration of the fan and coils, this unit is likely under
ventilated. Providing an additional circulation fan may improve
condenser efficiency. The internal evaporator unit showed
significant signs of deterioration with readily observable debris,
corrosion and physical damage to the fan and coils. In the short
term, replacement of the evaporator unit and door seals are
necessary improvements to improve the efficiency of this unit.
Additionally, a routine coil maintenance regime should be
implemented. These upgrades would also increase the quality of
the food items stored in the freezer. Ultimately, a new, well
insulated and sealed freezer box is needed. Due to the
continuous operation of refrigeration units, this upgrade would
yield significant energy savings.
Mallott's —Walk-in cooler
impacted door seals
A walk-in produce cooler is located adjacent to the walk-in freezer unit located in the warehouse
area. As with the freezer, the make and vintage for the cooler enclosure is unknown. Rigid
insulation observed on the walls of this unit and inadequate seams indicate that this unit was
35
constructed on site. The seals on this door have
deteriorated to a point of being completely ineffective.
The walk-in cooler is equipped with a condenser unit
mounted on the roof of this unit. This condenser is of
unknown make and age. At the time of the audit,
significant materials were being stored on and around
this unit which reduces its ability to effectively reject
heat. Additionally, damage as dirt and debris were
observed covering the evaporator fins on this unit. This
also limits the heat rejection capacity of the unit. In the
short term, the door seals on this unit should be Mallott's — Hussman reach -in cooler
replaced and all seams should be inspected and unit
resealed as necessary. No materials should be stored
in the vicinity of this unit so that adequate ventilation can be maintained. Additionally, a routine
coil maintenance regime should be implemented.
Ultimately, a new, well insulated and sealed cooler box y �_
is needed. Due to the continuous operation of
refrigeration units, this upgrade would yield significant o �.
energy savings. �' - _
In addition to the walk in refrigeration units, the store
also contains a substantial number of "free-standing"
units. A summary of the main findings associated with
these units is discussed below.
Three, vendor supplied, reach -in drink coolers were
observed. Internal temperatures for these units varied
from 42 to 45 degrees F. Energy use measurements
indicated that these units are using approximately 4.8
kWh per day, which is about average for this size unit.
approximately $3,000 per year to operate.
In addition to the reach -in drink coolers, a vendor
supplied, reach -in freezer unit was also observed. This
unit was in good condition at the time of the audit.
Though not measured, on average, this type of unit
uses approximately 3.5 kWh per day to operate. This
equates to an annual cost of $485 per year.
Mallott's — Refrigeration unit
showing broken glass and
impacted condenser coils.
At $0.38/kWh these three units cost
Approximately 30 feet of reach -in freezer, 30 feet of
reach -in produce coolers, and an approximately 72 sf
cheese case were recently retrofitted with water cooler
condenser units. As discussed in Section 3.5.4, the Mallott's — Impacted refrigeration
waste heat from these units is used to heat DHW.
These units were in "new" condition at the time of the condenser coil conditions
audit. It should be noted however, that the freezer cases that these systems serve is a reach -in
style, with no cover. Rigid insulation is applied to these units when the store is closed.
W
Retrofitting these cases with a cover that provides even a minimum of R-1 insulation value
would reduce heat loss through the top by 100 times.
The balance of the refrigeration observed at the store included a vintage Hussman reach -in
coverless meat cooler and Hussman cabinet coolers and freezers. As discussed above,
retrofitting the Hussman reach -in with a cover would significantly reduce heat loss through the
top of the unit. In general the condition of these refrigeration units was poor. During the
assessment, one freezer unit was observed to be failing with frozen product in the process of
thaw. In addition poor or missing door seals, failed and broken dual -paned windows and
extremely dirty condenser coils characterized these units. Discussions with the Owner's
indicated that they knew the condition of these units and were constantly allocating resources to
maintain their minimal operation. Due to the quantity of these units, they are likely a significant
energy use sector for the store. Upgrading to newer units would have dramatic impacts on the
overall energy usage at the store.
Overall, the refrigeration installed in Mallott's General Store is in very poor condition. It is
apparent that the Owner is aware of these inadequacies as evidenced by recent upgrades to
several of the refrigeration systems. Continued investment in upgrading these systems is
necessary and is likely the most cost effective energy conservation measure observed during
the field assessment. Energy use estimates indicate that retrofitting the existing equipment to
new, energy efficient equipment could reduce refrigeration process energy requirements by
50% or more.
3.5.6 Ma//ott's General Store —Utility Data Analyses
The Mallott's General Store is currently being served electrical energy by Yakutat Power. Three
years of electrical energy utility and fuel oil data was available for analysis. Table 13 contains a
summary of the total energy usage data provided for the Mallott's General Store.
Table13. Mallott's General Store — Utility Billing Summary
Month
Average Energy
Usage
MMBTU/month
Average
Cost
$/month
January
191.1
8182.9
February
275.4
7925.4
March
222.2
8568.4
April
233.4
8652.3
May
249.0
8587.4
June
271.1
9518.1
July
1 253.1
10247.7
August
261.2
10232.4
September
268.3
9455.6
October
242.1
9449.5
November
253.4
9277.6
December
225.1
8837.4
Annual
2945.3
$108 935
-f
Avera a
245.4
$9,078
37
As can been seen in Table 13, the Mallott's General Store and Warehouse used an annual
average energy usage of 2945.3 MMBTU at an average cost of $108,935 per year. Table 14
contains a summary of the energy use analyses completed for the Mallott's General Store.
Table14. Mallott's General Store — Energy Analyses Summary
Conditioned Floor Area
7,870
Annual Electrical Energy Consumption (kWh/year
250,230
Annual Fuel Oil Consumption (therms/year
1,395
Annual Energy Cost $/ ear
$108,935
-Energy Use Index kBTU/ft / ear
374.2
-Energy Cost Index $/ft / ear
$13.84
-Average EUI for Food Service Buildin sin Climate Zone #1 kBTU/ft / ear "
230.1
-Building Benchmark kBTU/ft / ear
144.142
Building Benchmark %
62.6%
Monthly Baseload MMBTU
248
As can be seen in Table 14, based on the data provided, the Mallott's General Store has an
energy usage index (EUI) of 374.2 kBTU/sf/year. This is 62.6% more energy than would be
expected from the same type and function building in Climate Zone #1. Results of this
benchmarking exercise indicate that there is significant opportunity for cost savings within this
structure. The refrigeration units discussed in Section 3.5.5 are likely a significant source of the
excess energy usage within the building.
Figure 5 details the monthly energy use profile determined for the Mallott's General Store
building.
Figure 5. Mallott's General Store — Monthly Energy Usage Profile
300.(
eo 250.(
200.(
d Ee
150.(
m
g 100.(
Q 50.0
38
References
U.S. Energy Information Administration. 2003 Detailed Tables. "Commercial Buildings Energy
Consumption Survey".
httc://www.eia.gov/emeu/cbecs/cbecs2003/detailed tables 2003/detailed tables 2003.
html#consumexr)en03. Posted September 2008. Accessed August 2011.
39
APPENDIX B
Field Observation Report
May -13, 2011
LI
n
F
r
AMRIDOLF1
FIELD OBSERVATION REPORT
PROJECT:
Yakutat Strategic Energy Plan
DATE:
May 9 -13, 2011
PROJECT NO.
255E
REPORT NO.
110509—YTT—Energy_Field
Report.docx
CONTRACTORS ON -SITE:
None
PERSONS ON -SITE:
Steve Hannan and Bruno Ridolfi (RIDOLFI Inc.), Andy Sorter (Ourevolution
Energy), Bert Adams (Yakutat Tlingit Tribe), Chris Cooke (Yakutat Schools),
Scott Newlun (Yakutat Power)
WEATHER:
Overcast, partly cloudy, cool
WIND:
I Moderate breeze
I TIME:
7:30 am - 5:00 pm
TEMP. °F:
40 — 50 deg.
PLANNED ACTIVITIES and PROGRESS
1. Planned Activities — Perform energy evaluations of selected facilities in Yakutat.
2. Equipment in Use — Laser thermometer, tape measure, electrical meter
3. Progress — We met with Bert Adams and Tribal Council on Monday evening to explain our
assignment and discuss the Tribe's objectives and concerns. Obtained previous energy related
studies: biomass, wind, and tidal energy. Performed energy evaluations of buildings as planned.
OBSERVATIONS and DISCUSSION
1. Building Evaluated — The energy team performed energy assessments on the following buildings:
• Grade school
• High school and associated shop building
• AC Store
• Mallot's General Store
• Seafood Plant
2. Energy Conservation Measures — The Yakutat Tlingit Tribe (YTT) chose to perform energy
evaluations on buildings that affect the general community. The eriergy evaluation team discovered
that there are several opportunities for energy conservation improvements with substantial cost
savings ("low hanging fruit") in Yakutat. Possible improvements that were readily recognized
include:
• Installing pipe insulation on water pipes
• Changing habits by turning off coffee makers, lights, unused refrigerators, and other appliances
• Installing door sweeps to reduce drafts
• Placing timers and controllers on HVAC systems
• Installing adequate insulation
• Upgrading to more efficient lighting
3. Power Plant — We met with Scott Newlun, general manager for Yakutat Power, and toured the
power plant facility. Our goal was to find out the peak and base load demand of the electric power
system. Three Caterpillar diesel engines produce the power for the Yakutat community. There are
plans to upgrade the plant engines to operate more efficiently. The plant provides hot-water that is
used to heat both schools, the shop building, and the fire station. The plant runs on fuel from two
20,000-gallon tanks. The peak load of the plant is 1.5 megawatts (MW). Base loads range from
550 to 900 KW. The highest loads are on summer evenings. Winters loads are less because the
commercial fish processing plant, a high energy consumer, is closed.
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4. Power Plant Efficiency — Scott is currently reviewing AIAS products, including reusable filters, to
increase the efficiency of the engines at the plant.
5. Proposed Bio-Mass Plant — Scott provided insight to the proposed bio-mass plant. They expect the
design capacity to be about 1 MW, like the plant at Chena Hot Springs. Ideally they could phase out
diesel fuel use for heating. He described the current proposed plans which would involve relocating
the diesel power plant to a nearby location where a new foundation and building would be
constructed. The existing power plant site could be used for the new bio-mass plant. Initially, the
biomass plant would provide heat only. Generating electric power from the bio-mass plant could be
evaluated in the future.
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Seafood Processing Plant — The seafood plant must call the power plant when they start up. A "soft
start" control system would reduce brown outs due to the power surge during plant startup. The
largest loads are lighting loads. Lighting upgrades could greatly reduce consumption and save on
energy cost.
7. Informational Resources — Previous energy resource studies were obtained including bio-mass,
tidal, natural gas, and wind. The Larsen consulting group is providing support for the biomass study
We also met with Forestry department to look for possible micro -hydro projects. There are kettle
lakes not far from town and transmission close by. This was one viable option.
INSPEGTIUN5, and FIELD MEASUKEMENTS
Energy loads were calculated for each building. Steve performed light counts and took hot water
readings. Andy examined the HVAC systems and other large loads. A detailed inspection of the
building envelope was performed.
High school — A 10-degree temperature change was measured from intake to return.
Mallott's General Store — Water temperature was 115 degrees F at the sink.
AC Store — Data were collected from two freezers for two days using an electrical recording meter.
Energy usage results were:
• 4.45 kWh at 30 degrees
• 11.21 kWh at 40 degrees (This equates to about $100 a month)
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION and CORRECTIVE MEASURES
All Buildings:
• Some rooms are over -illuminated, and the number of lamps could be reduced.
• Occupants expressed interest in adding additional light switches in rooms to enable them to light
portions of a room, for example in the conference room at the grade school.
• Insulate copper water pipes (supply and return indoor and outdoor).
• Install LED exit signs.
• Coffee makers that use hot plate could be replaced with insulated craft version.
• Install faucet aerators and water efficient shower heads to reduce the water heating load.
• Unplug appliances when not in use: refrigerator, microwave, coffee makers, etc.
• Remove items stored against and under the building.
• Set thermostat to 68 degrees to keep the interior at a comfortable level without overheating.
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Grade School:
• Repair exhaust flues. One is dented, and the cap is missing on the other.
• HVAC is constantly operating at maximum output. Install temperature controls and timers.
• Windows are opened to cool the building. It would be better to regulate air flow using timers and
temperature controls.
• Upgrade indoor lighting to T8 bulbs or LED that are appropriate for hallways.
• Install lighting controls to turn on only a portion of lights in rooms.
• Upgrade outdoor lights.
• Insulate cafeteria freezer on the outside of the building.
• Unplug unused coffee makers, refrigerators, and other appliances.
• Bent and damaged radiator fins should be repaired or replaced.
High School:
• HVAC is constantly operating at maximum output. Install temperature controls and timers.
• No back-up systems are available for HVAC or hot water.
• Showers run out of hot water due to low capacity — solar hot water or on demand heating may
be a better option, and the existing systems could be a backup.
• Install on -demand water heaters for showers.
• Reduce bends in water pipes and replace antiquated HVAC system.
• Install CFL bulbs for horizontal position.
• Replace 250-watt and 175-watt bulbs in the gym.
• Move computer network that is currently in HVAC room to computer room.
• Replace exterior metal halide lights (16) and high pressure sodium (3). Use timers or motion
sensors on lights to control light usage.
High School Shoo:
• The garage door is un-insulated
• There are large air -handlers for dust suppression.
AC Store:
• Clean heater elements.
• Insulate walls.
• Create roof overhang to prevent snow buildup on outside walls. This will prevent damaging the
walls and creating leaks in the building envelope in the future.
• Clean vents and cooling fins on HVAC systems.
• Replace lights in lower level (35 fixtures, Two 8-ft bulbs, 95 watts each).
• Replace ceiling "pack" lights.
• Replace outdoor halide lights.
• The water is heated to 155 degrees F in the faucet in the back of the store. The temperature
may be reduced. However, the sink at the deli takes several minutes to warm up to temperature
and was reported to freeze in the winter. Pipe and wall insulation would help this problem.
• Water was seen on the floor of the refrigerator. This indicates a leak in the seals.
AC Store Warehouse:
• Replace four 1000 Watt halide lights.
• Replace (36) 8-foot bulbs.
• Fix and insulate hole in wall.
• Air leaks under and around door.
• Air leaks where utilities come into the building — use expandable foam to seal.
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Seafood Plant:
• Replace 8-foot, 40-watt, T-12 lights.
• Perform more extensive thermal imagery of building envelope and engines.
• Insulate water pipes.
• Replace exterior light.
• Leak in office roof. Insulation and ceiling tile damaged. Repair leaks and replace damaged
materials.
• Perform "soft startup" to reduce "brown outs."
• Toilet is running and wasting water.
• Water pipes are uninsulated.
Mallott's Grocery Store:
• Replace exterior lights.
• Install doors on "outcove" to prevent heat loss through the entrance.
• Install hinged doors on freezers.
• Install insulation in craw space and below upstairs office.
• Roof has good exposure for solar array — approximately 700 SF.
• Install storm windows (interior or exterior).
• Cover outside condenser.
• Leaks below garage door.
• Install 'curtains' in produce section to keep cold air contained.
• Replace seal on walk in freezer.
• Replace seals on refrigerators in frozen food section.
• Replace T-12 lights in produce section, coolers, and freezers.
• Clean cooling fins on freezers.
• Replace aluminum windows with vinyl.
• Upgrade outside metal halide lights (250 W light and 1000 W spotlight).
• Older freezers use older 4-foot lights. (3) 32-watt bulbs, (5) 60-watt bulbs, (4) 40 watt bulbs, (1)
110 watt bulb.
Moorinq Lodge:
• Increase insulation in attic space.
• Exhaust bathroom fans to the outside.
• Replace upstairs windows.
• Biomass heater previously overheated; provide pressure relief to prevent fire.
• Replace incandescent lights with CFL.
• Remove yard debris around oil filter for day tank and replace oil filter on day tank.
• Seal needs to be replaced on residential unit.
• Add vapor barrier to crawl space.
• Properly attach bio-mass pipe to building. It was on the ground.
• Add faucet aerators and low flow shower heads and insulate under floors and in attic.
• Replace cracked windows.
• Reduce phantom loads by disconnecting appliances and electrical equipment that is not in use
• Disconnect large freezer unit that is empty and not in use.
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ACTION ITEMS
• Create one page energy fact sheet for energy efficiency for homes and businesses. (This
was discussed at the Tribal Council meeting).
• Review existing biomass, wind, and wave studies.
• Develop the strategic energy plan.
• Contact Bill Lucey and obtain any other studies performed on Yakutat's energy options.
REPORT PREPARED BY: Stephen Hannan, RIDOLFI Inc.
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APPENDIX C
Energy Efficiency Checklist
RIDOLFI
Appendix C
Energy Efficiency Checklist
Prior to performing energy assessments in Yakutat, Andy Sorter and Steve Hannan met with the
Yakutat Tribal Council to discuss the project and scope. Bert Adams explained that facilities
selected for audits are community -use buildings, and energy efficiency measures would help to
reduce the cost of operating these facilities. Victoria Demmert asked that the engineers prepare
a checklist of energy efficiency improvements that could be distributed to all community
members. The following checklist is a summary of potential improvements that involve low
capital cost and short payback periods.
❑ Install pipe insulation on water pipes. This will deliver water at a higher temperature with
the same energy input.
❑ After installing pipe insulation, turn down the water temperature of the water tank as low
as is comfortable for showers and hand washing.
❑ Turn off coffee makers, lights, unused refrigerators, and other appliances.
❑ Turn down the heat before opening a window.
❑ Unplug equipment that drains energy when not in use (for example, cell phone chargers,
microwave, fans, coffeemakers, desktop printers, radios, etc.).
❑ Install surge protectors for entertainment centers (TV, DVD, Xbox, other game consoles,
etc.). This makes it easy to turn off all electronics at once when not in use.
❑ Turn off your computer when not in use.
❑ Use natural lighting or daylighting. When possible, turn off lights near windows.
❑ Use task lighting; instead of brightly lighting an entire room. Focus the light where you
need it to directly illuminate work areas.
❑ Install automatic sensors for lighting in the house.
❑ Install door sweeps to reduce drafts and heat loss.
❑ Install light socket insulation to reduce drafts and heat loss.
❑ Place timers and controllers on HVAC systems.
❑ Turn down thermostats to 68 degrees.
❑ Search for leaks in HVAC ductwork and building envelopes. Seal leaks in HVAC ducts.
Use expandable foam to fill leaks on the building envelope. The smoke from incense is
an effective tool to detect leaks.
❑ Install adequate insulation under floors and in attics.
❑ Upgrade to more efficient lighting. LED and compact fluorescent lighting (CFL) are
much more efficient than incandescent bulbs.