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im. RIDOLFI
YAKUTAT TLINGIT TRIBE
STRATEGIC ENERGY PLAN
Yakutat, Alaska
Prepared for the
Yakutat Tlingit Tribe
Prepared by
RIDOLFI Inc.
August 2011
J
Yakutat Tlingit Tribe
Strategic Energy Plan
Yakutat, Alaska
Prepared for the
Yakutat Tlingit Tribe
Prepared by
RIDOLFI Inc.
August 2011
0 RIDOLFI
EXECUTIVEYSU,MMARY.
The Yakutat Tlingit Tribe (Tribe) received an allocation of funds through the U.S. Department of
Energy's Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant Program. Using this initial funding,
the Tribe has developed this Strategic Energy Plan.
To support development of the Yakutat Tlingit Tribe Strategic Energy Plan, the Tribe contracted
with RIDOLFI Inc. (Ridolfi) to complete two tasks: (1) Conduct Energy Assessments of selected
facilities and (2) Develop a Strategic Energy Plan.
In May 2011, the Ridolfi team conducted the Energy Assessments, accompanied by tribal staff
and facility representatives. The assessments included energy audits of community facilities
and review of available relevant documentation. Information compiled during the audits, along
with input and recommendations from Tribal representatives, form the foundation of this
Strategic Energy Plan.
The Strategic Energy Plan consists of three parts: (1) Energy Vision and Goals; (2) Energy
Baseline Assessment; and (3) Action Plan.
This Strategic Energy Plan is intended to move the Tribe toward its long-term goal of energy
self-sufficiency to support economic opportunity, cultural resources protection, environmental
protection, and the overall health of the community.
Based on the results of a baseline energy assessment of selected facilities in Yakutat, a number
of energy efficiency opportunities are recommended for near term implementation. Improved
energy efficiency should be the initial focus of an energy strategy that will begin moving Yakutat
toward its ultimate energy goals. Most of the recommended energy efficiency measures are low
to moderate in cost, and some involve no capital costs.
When possible, recommended energy improvements were evaluated to determine estimated
capital costs, estimated energy savings, and estimated cost savings. The energy improvements
identified in this plan involve estimated capital costs just under $100,000 and would result in an
annual energy savings of more than 187,000 kWh and cost savings of approximately $55,000.
The estimated energy cost savings associated with these improvements would cover the
estimated capital costs in a period of less than two years.
In addition to these recommended energy conservation measures, there are a number of low
cost measures, such as insulation and temperature controls, and moderate cost measures such
as window and equipment replacement, that could result in significantly more energy and cost
savings.
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Finally, following implementation of these initial energy efficiency measures, continued
evaluation of alternative energy options would further support Yakutat's long-term energy goals.
Based on existing studies and information, it does not appear that any single energy source will
fully replace the existing energy generation source. However, an integrated energy generation
strategy that relies on a combination of renewable sources such as solar energy, off -shore wind
energy, wave energy, geothermal energy, or biomass would likely be required to replace the
current fossil fuel energy source.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVESUMMARY............................................................................................................. i
1.0 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND..........................................................................1
2.0 ENERGY VISION AND MISSION....................................................................................2
2.1 Community Objectives....................................................................... ..............2
2.2 Energy Planning and Global Effects.....................................................................4
3.0 ENERGY BASELINE ASSESSMENT..............................................................................6
3.1 Energy Use..........................................................................................................6
3.1.1 Energy Sources........................................................................................7
3.1.2 Energy Use and Costs.............................................................................7
3.2 Energy Resources Baseline Assessment...........................................................11
3.2.1 Other Renewable Energy Resources Evaluated.....................................12
4.0 ACTION PLAN..............................................................................................................15
4.1 Energy Efficiency Recommendations.................................................................15
4.1.1 Yakutat Tlingit Tribal Office and Elementary School Building (Grade
School)...................................................................................................15
4.1.2 Yakutat High School and Woodshop (High School)................................16
4.1.3 Alaska Commercial Value Center and Warehouse (AC Store) ...............18
4.1.4 Yakutat Seafood Plant (Seafood Plant)..................................................20
4.1.5 Mallott's General Store(Mallott's)...........................................................21
4.2 Renewable and Alternative Energy Recommendations......................................23
5.0 CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................25
6.0 REFERENCES..............................................................................................................27
Yakutat Tlingit Tribe
Strategic Energy Plan
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Site Identification
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A.
Baseline Energy Assessment Report
Appendix B.
Field Observation Report
Appendix C.
Energy Efficiency Checklist
Appendix D.
Natural Gas
Appendix E.
Wave Energy
Appendix F.
Biomass: Wood Fuel Generation
Appendix G.
Biomass: Technical Feasibility Study
Appendix H.
Biomass: BioEnergy Feasibility Assessment
LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
AVEC
Alaska Village Electric Cooperative
AYEA
Alaska Youth for Environmental Action
CFL
compact fluorescent lamp
CFR
Code of Federal Regulations
CO2
carbon dioxide
GNPs
geothermal heat pumps
HVAC
Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning
IRA
Indian Reorganization Act
kWh
kilowatt hours
LED
light emitting diode
LID
low impact development
NREL
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Ridolfi
RIDOLFI Inc.
R-value
thermal resistance value
sf
square foot
UCS
Union of Concerned Scientists
USEIA
United States Energy Information Administration
USEPA
United States Environmental Protection Agency
YTT
Yakutat Tlingit Tribe
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The Yakutat Tlingit Tribe (the Tribe) contracted with RIDOLFI Inc. (Ridolfi) to provide strategic
energy planning services in support of the Tribe's efforts to develop a Strategic Energy Plan.
To support development of the Tribe's Strategic Energy Plan, Ridolfi was contracted to
complete two tasks: (1) conduct Energy Assessments on selected facilities and (2) develop a
Strategic Energy Plan. The first task, the Energy Assessment, was conducted on site by the
Ridolfi team and representatives of the Tribe: the Ridolfi team traveled to Yakutat to conduct
reconnaissance, inspection, and auditing of community facilities and to review relevant
documentation. Information gathered during the site visit, along with input and
recommendations from Tribal representatives, forms the foundation of this Strategic Energy
Plan.
This Strategic Energy Plan consists of three parts: (1) Energy Vision and Goals; (2) Energy
Baseline Assessment; and (3) Action Plan. The Energy Vision and Goals section describes
the Tribe's goals for the development and implementation of an energy strategy. The Energy
Baseline Assessment summarizes current energy use and available renewable energy
resources and opportunities. Finally, the Action Plan provides a prioritized and phased list of
recommendations that includes energy efficiency improvements and alternative energy options
for new development that the Tribe can implement to move toward achieving its energy goals.
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2.0 ENERGY VISION AND MISSION
The Yakutat Tlingit Tribe's primary vision and mission is to sustain and thrive into the future.
The mission includes manifesting self-sufficiency, economic security, and cultural sustainability.
These three values are inherently tied to the health of the natural environment that provides the
Tribe with food, natural resources, and cultural resources. Each of these aspects of the mission
can be strengthened by taking a closer look at baseline energy use, conservation and efficiency
actions that will reduce costs, and renewable energy opportunities to alleviate dependence on
fossil fuels. The importance of these aspects is conveyed in the community objectives
documented in the City and Borough of Yakutat Comprehensive Plan.
This Strategic Energy Plan will provide a foundation on which to build the Tribe's long-term
energy program. This Plan will serve as a communication tool for community members,
including the Tribe, City, and Borough governments. Finally, the Strategic Energy Plan will
document the Tribe's commitment to achieving its energy goals and related objectives.
2.1 Community Objectives
The Yakutat Tlingit Tribe has several objectives that form the basis for this Strategic Energy
Plan. These objectives are to preserve a high quality of life in a town where natural resources,
natural beauty, and great people are considered the best reasons to live in Yakutat (Yakutat
2010).
According to the City and Borough of Yakutat Comprehensive Plan, which the Tribe also
assisted in developing, "Yakutat would like to eliminate dependency on diesel fuel for power and
find a lower cost, renewable source of power" (Yakutat, 2010). In the community survey
presented in the Comprehensive Plan, several respondents noted high fuel and energy costs
among the biggest challenges.
The majority of the community (91 percent according to the Comprehensive Plan survey)
supports an active investigation and feasibility assessment of alternative energy sources such
as natural gas, wind, hydroelectric, and tidal energy, which amounted to the highest support of
any question in the survey, (Yakutat, 2010). Yak -tat Kwaan, Inc., the community corporation, is
also investigating biomass energy and heat.
Community goals in the Comprehensive Plan are organized by category, but goals from multiple
categories are affected by energy costs, including environmental impacts. Included below are
the documented community goals that will be served by implementing energy efficiency,
conservation, and appropriate renewable resource development action items, and by using the
Strategic Energy Plan as a communication tool.
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Energy Goals (Yakutat 2010):
• Investigate the feasibility of wave energy; and small scale wind and solar energy with
hydrogen fuel cell generators.
• Install a biomass electrical generation system.
Natural Environment Goals (Yakutat 2010):
• Maintain and preserve the quality of the water, land and biological resources of the
Borough to provide for sustainable use of those resources for current and future
generations.
• Establish and maintain integrated and coordinated resource management among
federal, state, Yak -Tat Kwaan Inc., Borough, Tribal Government, and other parties.
• Protect life and property from natural disasters and hazards
• Maintain and enhance the environmental conditions and habitats that support
sustainable fisheries.
• Safeguard the ability of Borough residents to use the land and waters in the Borough for
traditional subsistence uses.
Historical and Cultural Resources Goal:
• Promote cultural traditions, language, and history to residents and visitors.
Economic Development Goals:
Increase local, value-added processing of Yakutat's natural resources while minimizing
adverse impacts on other important resources and uses.
• Protect and enhance the commercial fishing resources in the Borough.
Public Utilities and Facilities Goals:
• Provide Borough services as efficiently and cost-effectively as possible.
• Develop a renewable energy source with lower operating costs to meet the Borough's
residential, commercial and industrial energy needs.
• Increase the community benefits derived from scientific research taking place in the
Borough.
• Support research projects that have direct impacts on the community needs and
incorporate traditional and local ecological knowledge.
• Inform and educate citizens about planning issues facing borough staff and borough
assembly, and planning commission members and provide opportunities for the citizens
to participate in the planning process.
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2.2 Energy Planning and Global Effects
The Yakutat Tlingit Tribe is actively carrying out the mission to be a responsible citizen in a
global society by conducting the work of creating a Strategic Energy Plan, from baseline energy
assessment to working toward goals for energy efficiency, conservation, and independence.
Since overuse of energy results in impacts to the environment, and the Tribe's culture, food, and
economic stability come from the natural environment, working toward responsible energy
management will also be a step toward achieving cultural sustainability and protecting fisheries
and other subsistence and economic harvests. This is true for many small communities
experiencing high economic and environmental energy costs around the world.
Burning fossil fuels for energy results in the release of greenhouse gases, which are rapidly
increasing in the atmosphere and contribute to various climactic effects. Greenhouse gases
include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs). Because these gases are produced by the burning of carbon -based fossil fuels, the
amount of greenhouse gas produced by a facility is sometimes called a "carbon footprint."
These gases trap the sun's heat as it is radiated from the earth, and prevent it from escaping
back into space resulting in increased global temperatures in the atmosphere and oceans, and
subsequent effects. Globally, regionally, and locally governments are starting to take actions to
reduce the emission of greenhouse gases.
Global warming is projected to continue at an increased rate in the 21 st century. In Yakutat, the
average annual atmospheric temperature has increased by 2.5 degrees Fahrenheit (° F), and
the average winter temperature has increased by 4.60 F from 1949 to 2009 (Alaska Climate
Research Center, 2010), and warming is not expected to stop. Rising atmospheric
temperatures are warming the ocean, which acts as a heat sink. Rising ocean temperatures are
likely to affect fish migrations and possibly impact commercial fishery revenue (Alaska State
Legislature, 2008).
Changes to natural resources have been observed in Yakutat and may be a result of rising
global temperatures caused by greenhouse gas emissions. Observations of tuna and great
white sharks, and the decline of the seal population near Yakutat (ANSC 2005, Adams 2011)
may be a result of warmer ocean temperatures. Increases in the dog fish and sea otter
populations have resulted in less food for more valuable fish, and for subsistence shellfish
harvesters, (ANSC 2005) which is another imbalance that may be related to changing ocean
climate. An additional impact to fish health could come from river sedimentation as a result of
glaciers melting and receding, (ANSC 2005, Adams 2011). These impacts must be alleviated to
address the community's main concern for sustaining fisheries.
These observations of changes to natural resources may have a substantial impact on the
Tribe's cultural values. One person's interpretation is that "The Tlingit culture is built around
respect. Respect for all things, living and dead. You respect everything. Everything we have
on this earth is there for a reason, including us," (ANSC 2005). Investigating the impacts of
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energy use and responding with energy efficiency measures is one way the Tribe can live by
this value and protect the natural resources that sustain the Tribe's culture.
The Yakutat Tlingit Tribe recognizes that energy efficiency improvements and the development
of renewable energy sources can contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gases on the local,
regional, and global scale. Further, the Tribe recognizes that implementing the actions
recommended in this Plan is in line with community objectives to significantly reduce its
greenhouse gas impact on natural resources.
The Tribe, through this Strategic Energy Plan, identifies and articulates short, intermediate, and
long-term goals for implementing energy efficiency improvements and renewable energy
resource options. Each implementation of energy efficiency improvements and renewable
energy production will reduce the current level of greenhouse gas emissions, and reduce the
Tribe's long-term operational costs. Reducing costs to the Tribe is a critical step to improving
the quality of life, and in turn, increasing the Tribe's capacity to further reduce its carbon
footprint. Improving the energy efficiency of Tribal facilities will also benefit the health and
quality of life of all community residents, and protect natural resources.
Achieving the goals stated in this document will not bring about complete energy self-
sufficiency; however it will provide the opportunity to reduce current energy consumption and
costs and reduce reliance on outside utilities. These goals will also improve the community's
ability to sustain a long-term energy efficiency program. Implementing the energy efficiency
projects at the timeline proposed in this plan will substantially reduce current energy
consumption and reliance on outside utilities.
Energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions can further be reduced by incorporating
good energy planning in all new developments. It is recommended that the Tribe set some well-
defined targets for energy efficiency and emission reductions to support long-term goals. To
help set these targets, the Tribe should continually evaluate new energy infrastructure and
funding sources as they become apparent.
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To develop an energy strategy that will promote the economic, environmental, and cultural goals
of the Tribe, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of how Yakutat currently
uses energy and what renewable or alternative energy resources are available to supplement or
replace current energy sources. In this Strategic Plan, we refer to this evaluation as an energy
baseline assessment. The energy baseline assessment consists of two components: energy
use and energy resources.
The assessment of energy use is based on inspection of targeted facilities, interviews with staff,
and a review of relevant energy records provided by the facility operators. Energy use is
summarized by energy sources, and energy use and costs.
The assessment of energy resources evaluates renewable and alternative energy resources
available in and around Yakutat, and includes solar, wind, geothermal, small-scale
hydroelectric, natural gas, wave energy, and biomass resources.
3.1 Energy Use
To develop an energy efficiency strategy, it is necessary to first have an understanding of the
baseline energy performance of existing facilities and then to estimate energy savings through
targeted energy conservation measures. The two main components of this assessment are:
1) on -site energy evaluation and identification of energy efficiency options; and 2) utility data
analyses and benchmarking.
Following initial coordination with Yakutat Tlingit tribal staff, Ourevolution and Ridolfi conducted
an energy efficiency and conservation audit of the targeted facilities. The audit consisted of the
following:
A walk -though inspection of the target facilities accompanied by staff with specific
attention paid to the following energy usage categories:
o Building Envelope (walls, windows, doors, roof, and floor insulation)
o Lighting Systems
o Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC)
o Domestic Water Heating
o Plug Loads (refrigerators, freezers, coffee -makers, vending machines, etc.)
Interviews with owners and staff regarding the use and history of individual facilities
Walk-through inspections were conducted by Ourevolution and Ridolfi during the week of May 9
to May 13, 2011.
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The facilities covered by the energy and conservation audit are listed below. A detailed
description of the facility audit results is provided in Appendix A.
• Yakutat Tlingit Tribal Office and Elementary School Building (Grade School)
• Yakutat High School and Woodshop (High School)
• Alaska Commercial Value Center and Warehouse (AC Store)
• Yakutat Seafood Plant (Seafood Plant)
• Mallott's General Store (Mallott's)
3.1.1 Energy Sources
Electric power to all buildings is supplied by Yakutat Power. The existing energy source for
Yakutat Power is diesel fuel. Fuel is delivered to Yakutat via barge year-round and stored in
bulk at the Delta Western tank farm. Fuel is delivered by truck to Yakutat Power, local
businesses and residents. Yakutat Power made a major investment in 2007 to replace an
antiquated generator in order to increase the plant's generation capacity. A heat recovery
system was installed in the early 1990s and provides heat to the Yakutat school complex
nearby. Virtually all heating of the school complex is provided by the Yakutat Power plant heat
recovery system. The existing Yakutat Power plant generation equipment consists of four diesel
generator sets with a total generation capacity of 4,000 kW (Previsic and Bedard, 2009).
3.1.2 Energy Use and Costs
Annual heating fuel and electrical energy use for the target facilities was calculated by
averaging available annual historical data. For each audited facility, a summary of energy use
and cost is provided in the following sections, and includes the following:
• Billing Summary: Based on a review and evaluation of utility billing records, a summary
of average annual energy use and cost is provided for each facility.
Energy Analysis Summary: For each facility, an Energy Use Index (EUI) and an
Energy Cost Index (ECI) were calculated using data obtained from facility billing records.
The EUI is a measure of how much energy a facility uses per square foot. It is
calculated by converting annual consumption of all fuels to British Thermal Units (BTUs),
then dividing by the area of the building, and the EUI is expressed as "thousand
BTUs/square foot/year" (kBTU/square foot/yr). Similarly, the ECI is calculated by
dividing the total energy cost by the area of the building, and is expressed as
dollars/square foot/year. The EUI for each building was compared to the average EUI
benchmark for the coastal southwest Alaskan climate zone (Climate Zone 1) and/or for
similar types of facilities, where data were available. Since only electricity billing data
was available for most facilities, the EUI does not represent total energy intensity.
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Monthly Energy Usage Profile: Based on utility records and other site information, the
monthly energy usage profile depicts energy use by month over a typical calendar year.
For each facility, an energy "base load" was also calculated by averaging the energy
usage during the "non-heating/non-cooling months" (fall and spring).
3.1.2.1 Yakutat Tlingit Tribal Office and Elementary School Building (Grade School)
Billing Summary
The Grade School is currently being served electrical energy by Yakutat Power. Based on three
years of electrical energy utility data, the Grade School used an annual average of 137,893 kWh
of electrical energy at a cost of $43,857 per year.
Energy Analysis Summary
The Grade School building has an energy use index (EUI) of 64.2 kBTU/square foot/year. This
is 30 percent less energy than would be expected from education buildings in Climate Zone 1.
This is likely due to the fact that heating energy is provided through "waste heat" from the power
plant and is not metered, therefore the energy billing data does not reflect this energy usage. It
should be noted that the energy cost index (ECI) of the Grade School is $1.99/square foot/year.
This is approximately 50 percent higher than would be expected from similar buildings
(education buildings) in the same climate zone. Results of this benchmarking exercise indicate
that there is significant opportunity for cost savings within this structure.
Monthly Energy Usage Profile
The energy consumption data provided for the Grade School building shows a relatively flat
energy consumption profile which tapers in the summer months likely due to the fact that the
school is not in full operation during this time. The baseload for this building is 11,550
kWh/month, which is equivalent to the annual average monthly energy usage. This indicates
that the majority of the building systems are operated at full capacity year-round. Additionally,
though not assessed during the field audit, the swimming pool facility likely represents a
significant load to the year-round building energy use.
3.1.2.2 Yakutat High School, Woodshop and Youth Center Facilities (High School)
Billing Summary
The High School and Woodshop are currently being served electrical energy by Yakutat Power.
Based on three years of electrical energy utility data the High School and Woodshop used an
annual average of 188,960 kWh of electrical energy at an average cost of $59,523 per year.
Energy Analysis Summary
The High School and Woodshop have a combined energy use index (EUI) of 60.4 kBTU/square
foot/year. This is 34 percent less energy than would be expected from education buildings in
Climate Zone 1. This is likely due to the fact that heating energy is provided through "waste
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heat" from the power plant and is not metered, therefore the energy billing data does not reflect
this energy usage. It should be noted that the energy cost index (ECI) of the High School
Facilities is $1.86/square foot/year. This is approximately 40 percent higher than would be
expected from similar buildings (education buildings) in the same climate zone. Results of this
benchmarking exercise indicate that there is significant opportunity for cost savings within this
structure.
Monthly Energy Usage Profile
The energy consumption data provided for the High School Facilities shows a relatively flat
energy consumption profile which tapers in the summer months likely due to the fact that the
school is not in full operation during this time. The baseload for this building is 15,203
kWh/month, which is equivalent to the annual average monthly energy usage. This indicates
that the majority of the building systems are operated at full capacity year-round.
3.1.2.3 Alaska Commercial Value Center and Warehouse (AC Store)
Billing Summary
The AC Store and Warehouse used an annual average of 342,813 kWh of electrical energy at
an average cost of $70,962 per year. Oil usage data were not available for this analysis.
Energy Analysis Summary
The AC Store and Warehouse have a combined energy use index (EUI) of 31.2 kWh/square
foot/year. This is 28 percent less energy than would be expected from similar type facilities
(mercantile) in Climate Zone 1. It should be noted that this analysis does not include fuel oil
consumption that is the energy source for the HVAC and domestic hot water systems.
Therefore the apparent lower energy use is likely due to the fact that fuel oil is not accounted for
in this analysis. The energy cost index (ECI) of the AC Store and Warehouse is $6.45/square
foot/year. This is approximately 50 percent higher than would be expected from similar (retail)
buildings. Results of this benchmarking exercise indicate that there is significant opportunity for
cost savings within this structure.
Monthly Energy Usage Profile
The energy consumption data provided for the AC Store and Warehouse shows a relatively flat
energy consumption profile throughout the year. The baseload for this building is 28,110
kWh/month, and the energy use profile shows no significant seasonal effects. This indicates
that the majority of the building systems are operated at full capacity year-round.
3.1.2.4 Yakutat Seafood Plant (Seafood Plant)
Billing Summary
The Yakutat Seafood Plant used an annual average of 985,120 kWh of electrical energy at an
average cost of $203,920 per year.
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Energy Analysis Summary
The Yakutat Seafood Plant has an energy use index (EUI) of 30.8 kWh/square foot/year. While
there were no available data for comparable facilities, the EUI for the Yakutat Seafood Plant is
5 percent higher than "food service" facilities in the same climate zone, and more than 200
percent higher than the EUI for similar sized buildings in the same climate zone. It should be
noted that this analysis does not include fuel oil consumption that is the energy source for the
HVAC system. The energy cost index (ECI) of the Yakutat Seafood Plant is $6.37/square
foot/year. This is approximately 60 percent higher than would be expected from similar ("food
sales") buildings. Results of this benchmarking exercise indicate that there is significant
opportunity for cost savings within this structure.
Monthly Energy Usage Profile
The energy consumption data provided for the Yakutat Seafood Plant is seasonal, with the
highest use occurring between April and September.
3.1.2.5 Mallott's General Store (Mallott's)
Billing Summary
Mallott's General Store is currently being served electrical energy by Yakutat Power. Based on
four years of electrical energy utility and heating oil delivery data, Mallott's used an annual
average of 2,945 MMBTU at a cost of $108,935 per year.
Energy Analysis Summary
Mallott's General Store has an energy use index (EUI) of 374.2 kBTU/square foot/year. This is
63 percent more energy than would be expected from similar type facilities (mercantile) in
Climate Zone 1. The energy cost index (ECI) of Mallott's is $13.84/square foot/year. This is
approximately 70 percent higher than would be expected from similar ("food sales") buildings in
other regions. Results of this benchmarking exercise indicate that there is significant
opportunity for cost savings within this structure.
Monthly Energy Usage Profile
The energy consumption data provided for Mallott's General Store shows a relatively flat energy
consumption profile throughout the year. The baseload for this building is 248 MMBTU/month
and shows no significant seasonal effect.
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Table 1. Summary of Baseline Energy Assessment Results
Facility
Average Annual
Energy Use
Average Annual
Energy Cost
Energy Use Index
Grade School
137,893 kWh
$ 43,857
64.2 kBTU/sf/yr
High School
188,960 kWh
$ 59,523
60.4 kBTU/sf/yr
AC Store and
Warehouse
342,813 kWh
$ 70,962a
31.2 kWh/sf/yr
Seafood Plant
985,120 kWh
$ 203,920a
315.1 kWh/sf/yr
Mallott's General
Store
2,945 MMBTU
$ 108,935
374.2 kBTU/sf/yr
costs Tor inese Tacuines oo not mclucle a tuel surcharge.
3.2 Energy Resources Baseline Assessment
Yakutat's goal for sustainability can be supported through the evaluation and development of
renewable and alternative energy sources. A preliminary renewable energy resource
assessment was conducted by Ridolfi in July 2011. The following potential renewable energy
resources and opportunities exist in Yakutat and in surrounding areas:
• Solar Energy
• Wind Energy
• Geothermal Energy
F • Small -Scale Hydroelectric Energy
r I Solar
Solar resources exist on lands in and around Yakutat. Solar energy can be harnessed through
photovoltaic and solar thermal systems. Photovoltaic (PV) systems use panels to collect solar
energy for conversion to electricity, while solar thermal collectors absorb the heat of the sun to
warm air or water. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) estimates Yakutat's
` photovoltaic energy generation potential at 3.2 kWh per square meter per day for a flat plate
collector, such as a photovoltaic panel, oriented due south at an appropriate angle.
Wind
A comprehensive renewable energy feasibility study was done for Sealaksa Corporation
(Lynette, 2005). Three meteorological towers were installed to study the wind potential in the
Yakutat area. The results from the anemometer data show that the wind potential inland and
near Ocean Cape is not suitable to collect wind energy. This is consistent with the wind
potential maps produced by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. However, there is
significant potential offshore along the western coastline. The wind power classification is
ranked one to seven, seven being superb wind potential. There is a significant area of water
adjacent to the Yakutat region that receives wind that is classified as "excellent to superb",
which corresponds to a 5 through 7 on the wind classification scale.
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Geothermal
Geothermal heat pumps (GHPs) transfer energy from a relatively shallow layer of the earth's
crust that can be used for space heating and cooling.
Small -Scale Hydroelectric
The potential for hydroelectric power was reviewed. There is potential near the kettle lakes just
east of town. Existing power lines would reduce the cost of infrastructure improvements related
to transmission. There is significant hydraulic head between the lakes and the potential to
collect energy. The other rivers were reviewed for hydro potential and were ruled out due to low
gradient slopes and potential to impact fisheries.
Previous natural gas, wave energy, and biomass feasibility studies have been performed and
are summarized is section 3.2.1. Copies of these studies are provided in appendices to this
plan (Appendices C through G).
3.2.1 Other Renewable Energy Resources Evaluated
Natural Gas (see Appendix D)
The report "Natural Gas — Possible Alternate Fuel Source" was prepared for the Yakutat Power
Company (Ehm, undated). The purpose of the report was to provide the results of the first of
possibly several studies undertaken on behalf of the Yakutat Power Company to determine if
there are indications of sufficient gas reserves in the immediate Yakutat area to provide a less
expensive source of fuel for the power company.
Three test wells were drilled in the Yakutat area to determine if there were natural gas deposits
to use as a fuel source. The study indicates that there was "apparent reservoir quality" at two
wells. When drilling the three wells, the driller continually had problems with the wells and had
to abandon drilling prior to reaching the target depths. There is no certainty that re -drilling these
wells or drilling new wells will be successful.
The cost to drill new wells is between $15 to 20 million. The cost to re -drill the existing wells is
$5.5 million.
Wave Energy (see Appendix E)
The report "Yakutat Conceptual Design, Performance, Cost and Economic Wave Power
Feasibility Study" was completed in 2009 by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) under
Yakutat Power funding, which assessed the technical, cost and economic viability of a Wave
Energy Conversion (WEC) project (Previsic and Bedard, 2009). The study scope included: (1) a
shallow water wave energy resource assessment, (2) a conceptual design based on the
Aquamarine Power Oyster shallow water wave energy conversion technology, (3) a cost
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assessment (capital and O&M), and (4) an economic analysis. The EPRI study showed that
Yakutat has an excellent wave climate for wave energy conversion.
Biomass
Wood Fuel (see Appendix F)
A "Draft Analysis — Yakutat Wood Fuel Generation Plant" was completed for the Alaska Mental
Health Lands Trust (Corbus, 2008) to assist in their investigation of the technical and economic
feasibility of using wood as a fuel for an electric generation plant in Yakutat. This study
reviewed the feasibility of four alternatives for wood fuel power generation: conventional steam
boiler; gasifier/boiler/steam reciprocating engine; gasifier/gas reciprocating engine; and plasma
technology. The systems would use scrap wood from previously logged areas and from timber
thinning.
Among the alternatives evaluated the gasifier/gas reciprocating engine was recommended for
further evaluation.
Willows (see Appendix G)
The draft report "Technical Feasibility Study A 1.0-2.0 MW Biomass Powered Organic Rankine
Cycle System for the Village of Yakutat, AK" was Prepared for Yakutat Power Alliance (Bilbow,
2009). This feasibility study looked at utilizing fast growing willow trees to produce 1 to 2 MW
biomass generating system to handle Yakutat's electrical baseload. The peak load may be as
high as 2.0 MW and as low as 0.75 MW. The average load utilized for bio-mass demand was
assumed to be 1.0 MW. The binary Organic Rankine Cycle system was used for this feasibility
study. The total project cost for the design and construction of the 2.0 MW biomass power
plant, including the equipment and building is estimated at $10.86 million.
For 1 MW of sustained power production, the system will utilize 772 acres of fast-growing
willows per year in a three year rotation cycle. Therefore a total of 2,313 acres would be used in
rotation. If a five year rotation were used, the yearly demand is lowered to 503 acre/year and
the total land use is increased to 2,516 acres.
Gasification (see Appendix H)
A "Feasibility assessment for the Yakutat BioEnergy Project" was completed in 2010 (Smith,
2010). The feasibility study was done to evaluate bio-mass technologies. The overall goals of
the project were to: 1) reduce operating costs associated with diesel -fired power generation that
serves the town of Yakutat, and 2) establish local revenues for the provision of renewable
woody biomass fuel for the project.
This study reviews the modular gasification equipment coupled with high -efficiency reciprocating
engines in the Yakutat community. This study assumes less than 1000 acres/ year of feedstock
and also includes potential waste biomass from the city including sewage sludge, recycled
papers and fish waste. This project would utilize exhaust gases and heat to produce
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supplemental algae biomass for feed back into the gasifier. This addition would reduce the air
emissions related to nitrous oxide, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide.
The initial investment for this system is $2.9 million.
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410 ACTION PLAN
This Action Plan is based on phased implementation of measures that will move the Yakutat
Tlingit Tribe in the direction of meeting its ultimate energy goals. Future energy options will be
more feasible and economical if facilities in Yakutat are using energy as efficiently as possible.
For this reason, the implementation of energy efficiency measures is given a higher priority than
implementation of renewable or alternative energy generation options at this time.
4.1 Energy Efficiency Recommendations
Detailed energy conservation measures for each of the target facilities evaluated is included in
the Baseline Energy Assessment Report in Appendix A. They are summarized in the following
sections by facility.
4.1.1 Yakutat Tlingit Tribal Office and Elementary School Building (Grade School)
Lighting Systems
HVAC
Overall, there are significant opportunities for energy efficiency improvements within the
lighting systems at the Grade School. Energy use calculations based on an average
energy cost of $0.38 per kWh indicate that the lighting currently accounts for
approximately $21,000 per year in energy costs. Retrofitting all of the T12 linear
fluorescents to high efficiency T8, all incandescent lamps to compact fluorescent lamps
(CFL) and mercury vapor to light emitting diode lamps (LED) could reduce lighting
energy by up to 41 percent, saving approximately $9,000 per year. The estimated
capital cost of these retrofits is $15,925 resulting in a simple payback of 1.8 years.
Additional lighting energy savings could be yielded from installing occupancy sensors in
infrequently used areas such as restrooms and hallways.
With no apparent thermostatic or zoning controls in the existing HVAC operations, it
appears that these systems operate continuously. Upgrading the systems to include
automated controls would significantly reduce energy costs associated heating within the
building and allow greater occupant comfort. Building energy modeling is recommended
to further quantify the potential costs and savings of alternative HVAC modifications.
Significant damage to the "fins" in many of the hydronic baseboard emitters was
observed during the assessment, and repair or replacement of these units would
improve heat transfer efficiency.
Domestic Hot Water
Insulation on the hot water lines appeared to be significantly impacted at the time of the
energy assessment. Ensuring a minimum of 1-inch closed cell insulation on all
accessible hot water lines would reduce heat loss within the distribution system.
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Plug Loads
• The main plug loads seen in the Grade School are the circulation pumps and HVAC
forced air fans. As discussed above, these systems are largely unregulated and run
continuously. Assuming 24 hour run periods, reducing run times by half by
implementing automated controls would result in approximately $5,000 per year in
annual energy cost savings.
• The Grade School contains three "compact" refrigerators, one 16 cubic foot (cf)
refrigerator and a commercial unit. These units are spread around the Grade School
facility and in general were underutilized. Energy usage analyses indicates that
removing the "compact" refrigerators from use would save up to $72 per month (at $0.38
per kWh).
Table 2. Recommended Energy Conservation Measures for the Grade School.
Estimated
Annual
Annual
Capital
Energy
Cost
Payback
Facility
System
Action
Cost
Savings
Savings
Period
Retrofitting fluorescent
lights; replacing
23,700 kWh
Lighting
incandescent lamps with
$ 15,925
(41 % of
$ 9,000
1.8 years
CFLs; replacing mercury
lighting
vapor lights with LEDs.
energy)
Installing occupancy
Lighting
sensors in restrooms and
Low
hallways
Grade
Repairing or replacing
School
HVAC
damaged fins on
Low
baseboard units.
HVAC
Upgrading systems to
include automated controls.
$ 15,000
13,157 kWh
$ 5,000
3 years
Domestic
Hot
Insulating hot water lines
Low
Water
Plug
Removing compact
Loads
refrigerators and
No Cost
2,200 kWh
$ 864
consolidating loads
4.1.2 Yakutat High School and Woodshop (High School)
Building Envelope
• Upgrading all single -paned windows and doors in the High School to a dual -paned
equivalent would reduce heat loss by up to half.
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In the modular building located on the north side of the High School, removing and
reinstalling of crawl space and roofing insulation would significantly reduce heat loss
within the building and increase occupant comfort. The windows in the modular
structure are all single -paned with wooden frames. These units are also a significant
source of heat loss. After all other insulating measures are implemented; replacing
these units with dual -paned equivalents would reduce heat loss through the windows by
50 percent or more.
Lighting Systems
• The lamps observed in the existing fixtures were rated at 32 watts. A further 20 percent
reduction in lighting energy could be achieved by installing 25-watt T8 lamps during
routine maintenance of the lighting system.
• The Gymnasium contains approximately 29 metal halide lamps with a rated power of
250-watts per lamp. These fixtures could be retrofitted with an LED equivalent which
would save approximately 65 percent of the lighting energy used by the existing fixtures.
Fourteen 75-watt incandescent spot lights were observed in the Auditorium. Replacing
the incandescent with equivalent CFL would reduce this lighting load by over 75 percent.
Finally, outside lighting is comprised of a combination of high -intensity discharge (HID)
lamps. These units could be retrofitted with LED equivalents which would reduce
outside energy usage by up to 65 percent.
• Energy use calculations for the "upgradable" lighting systems described above, based
on an average energy cost of $0.38 per kWh indicate that the this portion of the High
School lighting load currently accounts for approximately $7,800 per year in energy
costs. Completing the retrofits described above could yield an energy cost savings of
$5,500 per year. The estimated capital cost of these retrofits is $18,799 resulting in a
simple payback of 3.4 years.
HVAC
• Upgrading the systems to include automated controls would significantly reduce energy
costs associated heating within the building and allow greater occupant comfort.
Building energy modeling is recommended to further quantify the potential costs and
savings of alternative HVAC modifications.
Domestic Hot Water
• Insulation on the hot water lines appeared to be significantly impacted at the time of the
energy assessment. Ensuring a minimum of 1-inch closed cell insulation on all
accessible hot water lines would reduce heat loss within the distribution system.
Plug Loads
• In addition to the office loads six, approximately 16 cubic foot (cf) refrigerators, and two
compact refrigerator units were observed in the High School facilities. These units are
spread around the High School facilities and in general were underutilized. Energy
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usage analysis indicates that removing all but one refrigerator unit from service would
save up to $118 per month (at $0.38 per kWh).
• The main plug loads seen in the High School are the circulation pumps and HVAC
forced air fans. These systems are largely unregulated and run continuously. Assuming
24 hour run periods, reducing run times by half by implementing automated controls,
would result in approximately $8,600 per year in annual energy cost savings.
Table 3. Recommended Enerav Conservation Measures for the Hiah School_
Estimated
Annual
Annual
Capital
Energy
Cost
Payback
Facility
System
Action
Cost
Savings
Savings
Period
Building
Upgrading single -pane
Reduce
Envelope
windows and doors
Moderate
heat loss
by 50%
Building
Removing and re -installing
Low to
Envelope
insulation in modular
Moderate
building
Retrofitting fluorescent
lights; replacing
Lighting
g g
incandescent lamps with
$ 18'799
14,500
$ 5,500
3.4 years
High
CFLs; replacing mercury
kWh
School
vapor lights and HID lamps
with LEDs.
HVAC
Upgrading systems to
$ 15,000
22,631
$ 8,600
include automated controls.
kWh
Domestic
Hot
Insulating hot water lines
Low
Water
Plug
Removing all but one
Loads
refrigerator and
No Cost
3726 kWh
$ 1,416
consolidating loads
4.1.3 Alaska Commercial Value Center and Warehouse (AC Store)
Building Envelope
• There are two large (-120 square foot) bay doors located on the north side of the
structure, and one located on the south. The seals on these bay doors were in a
deteriorated condition, and upgrading these seals would significantly reduce air
infiltration.
• Sealing all damaged areas and applying a spray foam type insulation would reduce heat
loss through this structure significantly.
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Lighting Systems
• Upgrading all existing T12 linear fluorescent fixtures to high efficiency T8 lamps,
retrofitting the metal halide lamps to LED equivalents and including occupancy sensors
in the warehouse would save approximately $3,500 per year. With an estimated retrofit
cost of $3,240, this yields a simple payback of approximately 1 year.
HVAC
This system was in good condition at the time of the field assessment; however, no
insulation was noted on any of the hydronic lines. Any hydronic lines located in
"unconditioned" space should be insulated with a minimum of 1-inch of closed cell foam
insulation.
At the end of its serviceable life, replacing this unit with an Energy Star rated equivalent
is recommended.
Domestic Hot Water
• Significant energy could be saved by reducing the thermostat setting to achieve 120
degrees F at the point of use and insulating all accessible hot water supply lines with a
minimum of 1-inch closed cell foam insulation.
Plug Loads
• All refrigeration supply lines should be insulated with a minimum of 1-inch closed cell
foam insulation where accessible.
• Cleaning of the heat exchanger fins should be part of routine maintenance.
• Isolating the interior condenser units into a "mechanical room" that provides outside
ventilation may reduce or remove the need for the secondary exterior unit.
• Providing adequate floor insulation and repairing damaged seals would greatly improve
the efficiency of the refrigeration "boxes."
■ Integrating the contents of the chest freezers into the existing walk-in freezer space
would save an estimated $656 per year (at $0.38 per kWh).
• A test of the drink coolers indicated that center Pepsi cooler uses over twice as much
energy as the adjacent coolers. Additionally the internal temperature of this unit was
approximately 12 degrees higher than the adjacent units. This indicates that there may
be mechanical conditions that are impeding the performance of this unit. Replacing this
unit with a cooler with equivalent performance to the other existing units would save up
to $970 per year in energy costs.
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Table 4. Recommended Enerav Conservation Measures for the AC Store.
Estimated
Annual
Annual
Facility
System
Action
Capital
Energy
Cost
payback
Cost
Savings
Savings
Period
Building
Upgrading seals on large
Envelope
bay doors
Low
Building
Applying spray foam
Envelope
insulation and sealing
Low
damaged areas
Upgrading existing T12
fluorescent lights,
Lighting
g g
retrofitting metal halide
$ 3,240
9,200 kWh
$ 3,500
1 year
lamps to LEDs, and adding
occupancy sensors to
warehouse
AC
HVAC
Insulate hydronic lines in
Low
Store
unconditioned space
Replace HVAC with
HVAC
EnergyStar unit at time of
Moderate
replacement
Domestic
Reduce thermostat to 120
Hot
degrees and insulate hot
No
Water
water lines
Cost/Low
Plug
Integrate chest freezer
Loads
contents into walk-in
No Cost
1726 kWh
$ 656
freezer
Plug
Replace Pepsi drink cooler
Loads
with new unit.
No Cost
2552 kWh
$ 970
4.1.4 Yakutat Seafood Plant (Seafood Plant)
Lighting Systems
• Retrofitting the T12 fixtures to high efficiency T8 equivalents, replacing HID fixtures with
LED equivalents, and replacing incandescent lamps with CFL equivalents would yield
energy cost savings up to $2,700 per month at full operation. With an estimated retrofit
cost of $31,000, and based on the seasonal operations, this retrofit is expected to have
a 1.6 year payback.
HVAC
• Each of the twenty residential units is heated by a 1,500-watt Cadet wall heater. Though
usage estimates were not provided, operating these units 4 hours per day results in
$4,560 per month in energy costs (at $0.38 per kWh). Upgrading these units to a higher
efficiency, lower cost fuel source, or a central system should be considered.
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Domestic Hot Water
• Switching to a single, larger capacity, oil -fired unit (tank storage or on demand) is
recommended at the end of the serviceable life of the three existing domestic water
heaters.
• The domestic water heater in the first floor shower/locker room appeared to be almost
entirely compromised and failure should be expected in the short term. Due to its
existing condition, this unit should be replaced. An oil -fired (storage tank or demand)
unit with similar capacity is recommended.
Plug Loads
The most significant process loads associated with the Seafood Plant operations are
related to the cold storage equipment. A thermal imaging study of these units and other
process loads and power distribution systems seen in the plant is recommended. This
study would provide plant engineers and operators with an in depth assessment of the
condition of the internal circuitry of these systems.
Table 5. Recommended Energy Conservation Measures for the Seafood Plant.
Estimated
Annual
Annual
Capital
Energy
Cost
Payback
Facility
System
Action
Cost
Savings
Savings
Period
Retrofitting T12 fluorescent
lights; replacing
Lighting
incandescent lamps with
$ 31,000
87,384
$ 19,371
1.6 years
CFLs; replacing HID lamps
kWh
with LEDs.
Seafood
Upgrading residential units
Plant
HVAC
to higher efficiency or
Moderate
centralized system
Domestic
Combining existing units
Hot
into a single unit at time of
Moderate
Water
replacement
Plug
Conduct thermal imaging of
Loads
cold storage equipment
Low
4.1.5 Mallott's General Store (Mallott's)
Building Envelope
• Due to the historic nature of the structure, replacing the wood -framed windows may not
be appropriate however interior storm windows could be retrofit without impacting the
existing windows. Furthermore, the single -paned, aluminum -framed windows observed
during the field assessment were in poor condition with large gaps visible between the
frame and window opening. These windows should be upgraded to insulated, vinyl-
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framed windows. This upgrade would reduce heat loss and provide better air/moisture
seals.
Domestic Hot Water
Insulating all accessible hot water supply lines with a minimum of 1-inch closed cell
insulation will further increase the efficiency of these systems.
Plug Loads
The most significant plug loads observed at Mallott's General Store are associated with
the many refrigeration units. This energy use sector is likely the largest portion of the
annual energy usage at the store. Overall, the refrigeration equipment installed in
Mallott's General Store is in very poor condition. It is apparent that the Owner is aware
of these inadequacies as evidenced by recent upgrades to several of the refrigeration
systems. Continued investment in upgrading these systems is necessary and is likely
the most cost effective energy conservation measure observed during the field
assessment. Energy use estimates indicate that retrofitting the existing equipment to
new, energy efficient equipment could reduce refrigeration process energy requirements
by 50 percent or more.
Specific recommendations include the following:
External freezer unit: Replacing door seals and installing a newer plastic curtain on the
door opening would reduce relative humidity in the unit, which may reduce
condensation.
Internal, walk-in freezer: In the short term, replacement of the evaporator unit and door
seals are necessary improvements to improve the efficiency of this unit. Additionally, a
routine coil maintenance regime should be implemented. These upgrades would also
increase the quality of the food items stored in the freezer. Ultimately, a new, well
insulated and sealed freezer box is needed. Due to the continuous operation of
refrigeration units, this upgrade would yield significant energy savings.
Walk-in produce cooler: In the short term, the door seals on this unit should be replaced
and all seams should be inspected and resealed as necessary. No materials should be
stored in the vicinity of this unit so that adequate ventilation can be maintained.
Additionally, a routine coil maintenance regime should be implemented. Ultimately, a
new, well insulated and sealed cooler box is needed. Due to the continuous operation of
refrigeration units, this upgrade would yield significant energy savings.
"Free-standing" units: Retrofitting these cases with a cover that provides even a
minimum of R-1 insulation value would reduce heat loss through the top by 100 times.
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Table 6. Recommended Energy Conservation Measures for Mallott's
Estimated
Facility
System
Action
Capital Cost
Building
Upgrading single -paned, aluminum -framed
Envelope
windows to insulated, vinyl -framed
Moderate
windows.
Domestic Hot
Insulating all accessible hot water supply
Water
lines
Low
External freezer unit: Replacing door
Plug Loads
seals and installing a newer plastic curtain
Low
Mallott's
on the door opening
Plug Loads
Internal, walk-in freezer: Replacing the
Low
evaporator unit and door seals
Plug Loads
Walk-in produce cooler: Replacing door
Low
seals and inspecting all seams
Plug Loads
"Free-standing" units: Retrofitting cases
Low/Moderate
with a cover that provides insulation value
Plug Loads
General: Replacing and retrofitting
Moderate
refrigeration equipment
4.2 Renewable and Alternative Energy Recommendations
While the most cost-effective and efficient near -term focus for moving toward Yakutat's energy
goals is the implementation of energy conservation measures, there are a number of renewable
energy opportunities that may eventually be integrated into a diversified energy generation
strategy. It is recommended that the Tribe continue to track renewable energy technologies and
funding sources that would support harvesting energy from the natural resources available on
nearby lands.
To support this effort, we suggest the following actions:
Solar Energy
• Despite fluctuations in the weather, Yakutat's long summer days may provide a viable
solar energy resource that warrants further investigation.
Wind Energy
• There may be significant potential for the development of offshore wind energy
generation. This resource may be further investigated by installing multiple
anemometers off -shore for a period of no less than one-year, while two to three years of
data is ideal. A number of potential impacts will need to be addressed when considering
off -shore wind, including foundation requirements and impacts, electrolysis effects, and
impacts to marine animals and birds.
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Geothermal Energy
• The Tribe should evaluate the feasibility of using geothermal heat pumps when funding
becomes available in the next five to ten years.
Small -Scale Hydroelectric Energy
• The potential for small-scale hydroelectric generation associated with the kettle lakes
may warrant further evaluation.
Natural Gas
• At this time, the high cost and unknown quality and quantity of this resource do not
support further consideration.
Wave Energy
• Yakutat has an excellent wave climate for wave energy conversion. While there a
number of consideration and constraints associated with existing technologies, wave
energy conversion may warrant further, more detailed evaluation.
Biomass
There has been considerable interest in exploiting potential biomass resources for
electricity generation in Yakutat. While there are numerous challenges and
considerations that must be addressed regarding fuel supply and the most appropriate
technologies, the potential for biomass power generation appears to warrant more
detailed evaluation.
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5.0 CONCLUSIONS
Based on the results of a baseline energy assessment of targeted facilities in Yakutat, a number
of energy efficiency opportunities are recommended for near term implementation. Improved
energy efficiency should be the initial focus of an energy strategy that will begin moving Yakutat
toward its ultimate energy goals. Most of the recommended energy efficiency measures are low
to moderate in cost, and some involve no capital costs. A summary of quantified capital costs,
energy savings, and cost savings for selected measures is included in Table 7 below.
Table 7. Summary of Selected Energy Efficiency Improvements.
Facility
System
Action
Estimated
Annual
Energy
Annual
Cost
Payback
Capital Cost
Savings
Savings
Period
Lighting
Retrofit
$ 15,925
23,700 kWh
$ 9,000
1.8 year
Grade
HVAC
Automated Controls
$ 15,000
13,158 kWh
$ 5,000
School
Plug
Loads
Refrigerator consolidation
$ 0
2,274 kWh
$ 864
Lighting
Retrofit
$ 18,799
14,500 kWh
$ 5,500
3.4 year
High
HVAC
Automated Controls
$ 15,000
22,632 kWh
$ 8,600
School
Plug
Loads
Refrigerator consolidation
$ 0
3,726 kWh
$ 1,416
Lighting
Retrofit
$ 3,240
9,200 kWh
$ 3,500
1.0 year
Plug Loads
Refrigerator consolidation
$ 0
1,726 kWh
$ 656
AC
Store
Plug
Drink Cooler
Loads
Replacement
$ 0
2,552 kWh
$ 970
Seafood
Plant
Lighting
Retrofit
$ 31,000
87,384 kWh
$ 19,371
1.6 year
TOTAL
$ 98,964
1 kWh 1
$ 54,877
1.8 year
As shown in the table, these selected energy improvements involve estimated capital costs just
under $100,000 and would result in an annual energy savings of more than 187,000 kWh. The
estimated energy cost savings associated with these improvements would result in paying for
the improvements in less than two years.
In addition to these recommended measures, there are a number of low cost measures such as
insulation and temperature controls, and moderate cost measures such as window and
equipment replacement that could result in significantly more energy and cost savings.
Finally, following implementation of these initial energy efficiency measures, continued
evaluation of alternative energy options would further support Yakutat's long-term energy goals.
Based on existing studies and information, it does not appear that any single energy source will
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fully replace the existing energy generation sources. However, an integrated energy generation
strategy that relies on a combination of renewable sources such as solar energy, off -shore wind
energy, wave energy, geothermal energy, or biomass is likely required to replace the current
fossil fuel energy source.
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Adams, Bertrand, Jr. General Manager, Yakutat Tlingit Tribe. Personal Communication to
RIDOLFI Inc. July 15, 2011.
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