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Venetie Water Treatment Plant and Washeteria Energy Audit Report Final 2018
1 Comprehensive Energy Audit For Venetie Water Treatment Plant and Washeteria Prepared For The Venetie Village Council July 19, 2018 Prepared by: Kelli Whelan, Kevin Ulrich, and Cody Uhlig Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium 4500 Diplomacy Drive Anchorage, AK 99508 2 Table of Contents PREFACE ........................................................................................................................................................ 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................................................... 3 LIMITATIONS OF THIS STUDY ........................................................................................................................ 3 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................... 4 2. AUDIT AND ANALYSIS BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................... 11 2.1 Program Description ......................................................................................................................... 11 2.2 Audit Description .............................................................................................................................. 11 2.3. Method of Analysis .......................................................................................................................... 12 2.4 Limitations of Study .......................................................................................................................... 13 3. VENETIE WATER TREATMENT PLANT AND WASHETERIA ...................................................................... 14 3.1. Building Description ......................................................................................................................... 14 3.2 Predicted Energy Use ........................................................................................................................ 23 3.2.1 Energy Usage / Tariffs ................................................................................................................ 23 3.2.2 Energy Use Index (EUI) .............................................................................................................. 26 3.3 AkWarm© Building Simulation ......................................................................................................... 28 4. ENERGY COST SAVING MEASURES ......................................................................................................... 29 4.1 Summary of Results .......................................................................................................................... 29 4.2 Interactive Effects of Projects ........................................................................................................... 34 4.3 Building Shell Measures .................................................................................................................... 35 4.3.1 Insulation Measures ................................................................................................................... 35 4.3.2 Window Measures ......................................................................................................................... 35 4.3.3 Air Sealing Measures .................................................................................................................. 37 4.4 Mechanical Equipment Measures .................................................................................................... 38 4.4.1 Heating/Domestic Hot Water Measure ..................................................................................... 38 4.4.2 Night Setback Thermostat Measures ............................................................................................. 38 4.5 Electrical & Appliance Measures....................................................................................................... 41 4.5.1 Lighting Measures ...................................................................................................................... 41 4.6 Other Measures ................................................................................................................................ 44 5. ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTION PLAN ......................................................................................................... 46 APPENDICES ................................................................................................................................................ 47 Appendix A – Energy Billing Data ............................................................................................................ 47 Appendix B – Energy Audit Report – Project Summary .......................................................................... 48 Appendix C – Actual Fuel Use versus Modeled Fuel Use ........................................................................ 49 Appendix D ‐ Electrical Demands ............................................................................................................ 50 3 PREFACE This energy audit was conducted using funds provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture ‐ Rural Development (USDA RD) through the Rural Alaska Village Grant (RAVG) Program. Coordination with the Native Village of Venetie and the Venetie Village Council has been undertaken to provide maximum accuracy in identifying facilities to audit, and to facilitate energy efficiency project development after the audit process is complete. The Rural Energy Initiative at the Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium (ANTHC) prepared this document for the Venetie Village Council, Alaska. The authors of this report are Cody Uhlig, Senior Project Manager, Professional Engineer (PE), and Certified Energy Manager (CEM); Kelli Whelan, Energy Auditor I; and Kevin Ulrich, Assistant Engineering Project Manager, Mechanical Engineer in Training (EIT), and CEM. The purpose of this report is to provide a comprehensive document of the findings and analysis that resulted from an energy audit conducted in March of 2018 by the ANTHC Rural Energy Initiative. This report analyzes historical energy use, and identifies costs and savings of recommended energy conservation measures. Discussions of site‐specific concerns, non‐recommended measures, and an energy conservation action plan are also included in this report. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The ANTHC Rural Energy Initiative gratefully acknowledges the assistance of Patrick (PJ) Hanson, First Chief of the Venetie Village Council; Donna Erick, former Venetie Village Council Administrator; John Frank, Water Treatment Plant Operator; and Sarah Frank, Washeteria caretaker. LIMITATIONS OF THIS STUDY The building modeling software AkWarm© was used to create a virtual representation of the Venetie Water Treatment Plant and Washeteria. The model is then used to test the cost effectiveness of different energy efficiency measures (EEMs) like LED lighting and pump improvements. The AkWarm© software calculates the annual cost savings and payback period for the investment, and then ranks all EEMs based on their payback period. There are limitations using this software, which may affect the accuracy of the EEMs cost savings. This report should serve as a guide when deciding which EEMS to pursue further. All EEMs and installation costs should be verified with a certified professional in that field before construction begins. 4 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report was prepared for the Venetie Village Council. The scope of the audit focused on Venetie Water Treatment Plant and Washeteria building. The scope of this report is a comprehensive energy study, which included an analysis of building shell, interior and exterior lighting systems, heating and ventilation systems, and electric loads. Based on electricity and fuel oil prices in effect at the time of the audit, the total predicted energy costs for the Venetie Water Treatment Plant and Washeteria are $138,052 per year. Fuel oil is the largest expense, with the annual fuel usage estimated at $86,344 or 62.5% of the total energy cost for the facility. Electricity is the second highest expense, estimated at $51,708 per year (before applying the PCE electricity subsidy), or 37.4% of the total energy costs. The building is also heated by heat recovered from nearby power plant radiators, but Venetie Village Electric, the local utility, does not charge for this service. Through a site visit, it was determined the heat recovery system is unlikely to be operating as designed (see Section 3.1 for more information). The State of Alaska Power Cost Equalization (PCE) program provides a subsidy to rural communities across the state to lower electricity costs and make energy affordable in rural Alaska. In Venetie, the cost of electricity without the PCE subsidy was approximately $0.90 per kilowatt‐hour (kWh) and the cost with PCE was approximately $0.38 per kWh in 2018. Table 1.1 lists the total usage of electricity in the Venetie Water Treatment Plant and Washeteria before and after the proposed retrofits. Table 1.1: Predicted Annual Use for the Venetie Water Treatment Plant and Washeteria Predicted Annual Fuel Use Fuel Use Existing Building With Proposed Retrofits Electricity 57,453 kWh 19,686 kWh #1 Oil 9,594 gallons 1,089 gallons Heat Recovery (waste heat) 0.00 million Btu 466.75 million Btu Note: The heat recovery system was not working properly during the site visit in March 2018. See Section 3.1 – Heat Recovery Information for further explanation. Benchmark figures facilitate comparing energy use between different buildings. Table 1.2 below lists several benchmarks for the audited building. 5 Table 1.2: Building Benchmarks for the Venetie Water Treatment Plant and Washeteria Building Benchmarks Description EUI (kBTU/sq. ft.) EUI/HDD (Btu/sq. ft./HDD) ECI ($/sq. ft.) Existing Building 1,385.3 89.90 $130.76 With Proposed Retrofits 641.9 41.66 $26.07 EUI: Energy Use Intensity ‐ The annual site energy consumption divided by the structure’s conditioned area. EUI/HDD: Energy Use Intensity per Heating Degree Day. ECI: Energy Cost Index ‐ The total annual cost of energy divided by the square footage of the conditioned space in the building. Table 1.3 below summarizes the energy efficiency measures analyzed for the Venetie Water Treatment Plant and Washeteria. Listed are the estimates of the annual savings, installed costs, and two different financial measures of investment return. Table 1.3: Summary of Recommended Energy Efficiency Measures PRIORITY LIST – ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES Rank Feature Improvement Description Annual Energy Savings1 Installed Cost Savings to Investment Ratio, SIR2 Simple Payback (Years)3 CO2 Savings 1 Other Electrical: Upper Heat Trace Turn off the upper heat trace between batch water treatment runs as long as the transmission line continues to drain completely. Use the heat trace only for freeze prevention. $11,668 $8 12,282.08 0.0 31,114.3 2 Other Electrical: HP‐2 Circulation Pump Setting Verify that the circulation pump is on Speed I to match the design criteria. The energy savings reflects a speed setting change from Speed II to Speed I. $138 $4 387.44 0.0 366.8 3 Other Electrical: HP‐1 Dryer Plenum Circulation Pump ‐ Dryers Install a variable speed, electrically commutated (ECM) pump that can adapt to the dryer and cabinet heater heat demands. Set pump controls to maintain a constant temperature in Dryer Plenum loop. Insulate all plumbing. Directly related to recommendation #4. $45,101 $3,060 135.66 0.1 107,388.6 6 PRIORITY LIST – ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES Rank Feature Improvement Description Annual Energy Savings1 Installed Cost Savings to Investment Ratio, SIR2 Simple Payback (Years)3 CO2 Savings 4 Heating, Ventilation, and Domestic Hot Water Clean and tune boilers. Depending on the boilers' conditions, they may need a complete overhaul. Troubleshoot the heat recovery system and controls. Replace the brazed plate heat exchanger for the heat recovery system. Flushing done during the onsite trip indicated that the heat exchange rate does not improve. Replace the HP‐1 Dryer Plenum circulation pump with a variable speed, ECM pump. Retrofit cost is split between the cabinet heater and the dryers retrofit based on runtime. Directly related to recommendation #3. Replace circulation pump HP‐7 with a variable speed, ECM pump. Install low‐flow showerheads and faucet aerators to reduce hot water consumption by 50%. $41,475 $15,734 24.22 0.4 71,136.8 5 Programmable Thermostat: Public Washer and Dryer Access Install a programmable thermostat to regulate the temperature in the washer and dryer area. Program a temperature setback to 60°F when the washeteria is closed. $97 $341 3.33 3.5 786.8 7 PRIORITY LIST – ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES Rank Feature Improvement Description Annual Energy Savings1 Installed Cost Savings to Investment Ratio, SIR2 Simple Payback (Years)3 CO2 Savings 6 Lighting: Public Washer and Dryer Access Replace fluorescent tube lighting with direct wire, energy efficient LED lighting. $489 + $28 Maint. Savings $3,085 2.62 6.0 1,303.7 7 Other Electrical: Lower Heat Trace Regrade the lower transmission line so the line drains completely between batch treatments. Seal the rewired connection to reduce the risk of electrical shock. Use the lower heat trace only for freeze prevention. $11,199 $50,000 1.89 4.5 29,863.5 8 Lighting: Boiler Room Replace fluorescent tube lighting with direct wire, energy efficient LED lighting. $65 + $8 Maint. Savings $926 1.25 12.6 173.7 9 Lighting: Water Treatment Plant Replace fluorescent tube lighting with direct wire, energy efficient LED lighting. $239 + $29 Maint. Savings $3,394 1.24 12.7 637.4 10 Lighting: Bathroom #2 Replace fluorescent tube lighting with direct wire, energy efficient LED lighting. $8 + $1 Maint. Savings $154 0.99 15.9 22.2 11 Lighting: Bathroom #1 Replace fluorescent tube lighting with direct wire, energy efficient LED lighting. $3 + $1 Maint. Savings $132 0.50 31.7 7.4 12 Lighting: Bathroom #3 Replace fluorescent tube lighting with direct wire, energy efficient LED lighting (assuming the toilet is fixed and usage returns to normal). $3 + $1 Maint. Savings $132 0.50 31.7 7.4 13 Programmable Thermostat: Dryer Plenum Install a programmable thermostat to maintain a lower temperature in the Dryer Plenum when the building is unoccupied. $13 $341 0.45 26.3 120.6 14 Lighting: Utility Room (watering point access) Replace fluorescent tube lighting with direct wire, energy efficient LED lighting. $1 + $3 Maint. Savings $265 0.21 74.0 2.1 15 Lighting: Dryer Plenum Replace fluorescent tube lighting with direct wire, energy efficient LED lighting. $2 + $6 Maint. Savings $530 0.21 74.1 4.1 8 PRIORITY LIST – ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES Rank Feature Improvement Description Annual Energy Savings1 Installed Cost Savings to Investment Ratio, SIR2 Simple Payback (Years)3 CO2 Savings 16 Lighting: Outdoor Lighting Replace high‐pressure sodium wall pack with an energy efficient LED equivalent. $1 + $3 Maint. Savings $504 0.14 116.5 2.8 17 Air Tightening Rehang the washeteria door so that it is plumb with the doorframe. Replace the washeteria door handle. Add weather stripping around washeteria and water treatment plant doors and windows. Re‐ caulk windows as needed. $8 $775 0.09 98.8 73.1 18 Building Shell: Water Treatment Plant/Washeteria Subfloor Install R‐5 rigid board insulation under the subfloor on the exterior of the building. Cost estimate includes materials, freight, and labor. $9 $7,207 0.02 795.6 84.4 19 Windows: Boiler Room Replace the existing windows with a triple pane, low‐E, argon windows. $2 $1,368 0.02 756.4 16.9 20 Windows: Public Washer and Dryer Access Replace the existing windows with a triple pane, low‐E, argon windows. $5 $4,104 0.02 757.5 50.8 21 Window: Water Treatment Plant Replace the existing window with a triple pane, low‐E, argon window. $1 $1,368 0.02 944.0 13.1 22 Programmable Thermostat: Bathroom #1 Install a programmable thermostat to regulate the temperature in the bathroom. Program a temperature setback to 60°F when the washeteria is closed. $0 $341 0.01 804.6 3.9 23 Programmable Thermostat: Bathroom #2 Install a programmable thermostat to regulate the temperature in the bathroom. Program a temperature setback to 60°F when the washeteria is closed. $0 $341 0.01 808.3 3.9 9 PRIORITY LIST – ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES Rank Feature Improvement Description Annual Energy Savings1 Installed Cost Savings to Investment Ratio, SIR2 Simple Payback (Years)3 CO2 Savings 24 Programmable Thermostat: Bathroom #3 Install a programmable thermostat to regulate the temperature in the bathroom. Program a temperature setback to 60°F when the washeteria is closed. $0 $341 0.01 804.6 3.9 TOTAL, all measures $110,528 + $81 Maint. Savings $94,454 10.65 0.9 243,188.2 Table Notes: 1 Maintenance savings were calculated by determining the approximate number and cost of fluorescent bulbs that would need to be replaced over the lifetime of an equivalent LED bulb, and then adding that subtotal to the cost of labor for changing each bulb. The total was divided over the lifespan of the LED equivalent bulb. Note: the LED lifespan is capped at 30 years. A value of $25 per hour was estimated for local labor. The length of time for changing each bulb was estimated at 15 minutes. 2 Savings to Investment Ratio (SIR) is a life‐cycle cost measure calculated by dividing the total savings over the life of a project (expressed in today’s dollars) by its investment costs. The SIR is an indication of the profitability of a measure: the higher the SIR, the more profitable the project. An SIR greater than 1.0 indicates a cost‐effective project (i.e. more savings than cost). Remember that this profitability is based on the position of that Energy Efficiency Measure (EEM) in the overall list and assumes that the measures above it are implemented first. 3 Simple Payback (SP) is a measure of the length of time required for the savings from an EEM to payback the investment cost, not counting interest on the investment and any future changes in energy prices. It is calculated by dividing the investment cost by the expected first‐year savings of the EEM. With all of these energy efficiency measures in place, the annual utility cost can be reduced by $110,528 per year, or 80.1% of the buildings’ total energy costs. These measures are estimated to cost $94,454, for an overall simple payback period of 0.9 years. Table 1.4 below is a breakdown of the annual energy cost across various energy end use types, such as space heating and domestic hot water heating. The first row in the table shows the breakdown for the building as it is now. The second row shows the expected breakdown of energy cost for the building assuming all of the retrofits in this report are implemented. Finally, the last row shows the annual energy savings that will be achieved from the retrofits. 10 Table 1.4: Detailed Breakdown of Energy Costs in the Building Annual Energy Cost Estimate Description Space Heating Water Heating Ventilation Fans Clothes Drying Lighting Other Electrical Total Cost Existing Building $7,063 $15,157 $16 $83,699 $2,759 $29,358 $138,052 With Proposed Retrofits $4,885 $4,309 $16 $9,874 $1,949 $6,491 $27,524 Savings $2,178 $10,848 $0 $73,825 $810 $22,867 $110,528 11 2. AUDIT AND ANALYSIS BACKGROUND 2.1 Program Description This audit included services to identify, develop, and evaluate energy efficiency measures at the Venetie Water Treatment Plant and Washeteria. The scope of this project included evaluating building shell, lighting and other electrical systems, and heating and ventilation equipment, motors and pumps. Measures were analyzed based on life‐cycle‐cost techniques, which include the initial cost of the equipment, life of the equipment, annual energy cost, annual maintenance cost, and a discount rate of 3.0% per year in excess of general inflation. 2.2 Audit Description Preliminary audit information was gathered in preparation for the site survey. The site survey provides critical information in deciphering where energy is used and what opportunities exist within a building. The entire site was surveyed to inventory the following to gain an understanding of how each building operates: Building envelope (roof, windows, etc.) Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning equipment (HVAC) Lighting systems and controls Building‐specific equipment The building site visit was performed to survey all major building components and systems. The site visit included detailed inspection of energy consuming components. Summary of building occupancy schedules, operating and maintenance practices, and energy management programs provided by the building manager were collected along with the system and components to determine a more accurate impact on energy consumption. Details collected from Venetie Water Treatment Plant and Washeteria enable a model of the building’s energy usage to be developed, highlighting the building’s total energy consumption, energy consumption by specific building component, and equivalent energy cost. The analysis involves distinguishing the different fuels used on site, and analyzing their consumption in different activity areas of the building. Venetie Water Treatment Plant and Washeteria has the following heated areas: 1. Public Washer and Dryer Access: 472 square feet 2. Bathroom #1: 42 square feet 3. Bathroom #2: 42 square feet 4. Bathroom #3: 42 square feet 5. Dryer Plenum: 73 square feet 6. Water Treatment Plant: 385 square feet 12 The Venetie Water Treatment Plant and Washeteria also has the following unheated areas: An arctic entry, a storage room, a utility room (access to the watering point plumbing), and a boiler room. In addition, the methodology involves taking into account a wide range of factors specific to the building. These factors are used in the construction of the model and to calculate the energy used. The factors include: Occupancy hours Local climate conditions Prices paid for energy 2.3. Method of Analysis Data collected was processed using AkWarm© Energy Use Software to estimate energy savings for each of the proposed energy efficiency measures (EEMs). The recommendations focus on the building envelope; heating and ventilation systems; lighting, electrical load, and other improvements; and motor and pump systems that will reduce annual energy consumption. EEMs are evaluated based on building use and processes, local climate conditions, building construction type, function, operational schedule, existing conditions, and foreseen future plans. Energy savings are calculated based on industry standard methods and engineering estimations. Our analysis provides a number of tools for assessing the cost effectiveness of various improvement options. These tools utilize Life‐Cycle Costing, which is defined as a method of cost analysis that estimates the total cost of a project over the period of time that includes both the construction cost, and ongoing maintenance and operating costs. Savings to Investment Ratio (SIR) = Savings divided by Investment Savings includes the total discounted dollar savings considered over the life of the improvement. When these savings are added up, changes in future fuel prices as projected by the U.S. Department of Energy are included. Future savings are discounted to the present to account for the time‐value of money (i.e. money’s ability to earn interest over time). The Investment in the SIR calculation includes the labor and materials required to install the measure. An SIR value of at least 1.0 indicates that the project is cost‐ effective—total savings exceed the investment costs. Simple payback is a cost analysis method whereby the investment (construction) cost of a project is divided by the first year’s savings of the project to give the number of years required to recover the cost of the investment. This may be compared to the expected time before replacement of the system or component will be required. For example, if a boiler costs $12,000 and results in a savings of $1,000 in the first year, the payback time is 12 years. If the boiler has an expected life to replacement of 10 years, it 13 would not be financially viable to make the investment since the payback period of 12 years is greater than the project life. The Simple Payback calculation does not consider likely increases in future annual savings due to energy price increases. As an offsetting simplification, simple payback does not consider the need to earn interest on the investment (i.e. it does not consider the time‐value of money). Because of these simplifications, the SIR figure is considered to be a better financial investment indicator than the Simple Payback measure. Measures are implemented in order of cost‐effectiveness. The program first calculates individual SIRs, and ranks all measures by SIR, higher SIRs at the top of the list. An individual measure must have an individual SIR>=1 to make the cut. Next, the building is modified and re‐simulated with the highest ranked measure included. Now all remaining measures are re‐evaluated and ranked, and the next most cost‐ effective measure is implemented. AkWarm goes through this iterative process until all appropriate measures have been evaluated and installed. It is important to note that the savings for each recommendation is calculated based on implementing the most cost effective measure first, and then cycling through the list to find the next most cost effective measure. Implementation of more than one EEM often affects the savings of other EEMs. The savings may in some cases be relatively higher if an individual EEM is implemented in lieu of multiple recommended EEMs. For example, implementing a reduced operating schedule for inefficient lighting will result in relatively high savings. Implementing a reduced operating schedule for newly installed efficient lighting will result in lower relative savings, because the efficient lighting system uses less energy during each hour of operation. If multiple EEM’s are recommended to be implemented, AkWarm calculates the combined savings appropriately. Cost savings are calculated based on estimated initial costs for each measure. Installation costs include labor and equipment to estimate the full up‐front investment required to implement a change. Costs are derived from Means Cost Data, industry publications, and local contractors and equipment suppliers. 2.4 Limitations of Study All results are dependent on the quality of input data provided, and can only act as an approximation. In some instances, several methods may achieve the identified savings. This report is not intended as a final design document. The design professional or other persons following the recommendations shall accept responsibility and liability for the results. 14 3. VENETIE WATER TREATMENT PLANT AND WASHETERIA 3.1. Building Description The 1,441 square foot Venetie Water Treatment Plant and Washeteria was constructed in the 1990s as the primary location for all water treatment and distribution services for Venetie. The building is staffed for about two hours per day. About five to 10 people utilize the washers, dryers, and bathrooms each day. The washeteria facilities are open to the public Monday through Sunday, 10:00 AM through 7:00 PM. See Figure 1 below for an aerial view of the water treatment system. Figure 1: An aerial view of the Venetie water treatment system. The blue circle (lower left) represents the pump house and well. The black line is approximate location of the raw water transmission line and drain port. The water treatment plant and water storage tank are circled in black (upper center). Photo courtesy of Google Earth. Groundwater is pumped and treated in batches from a single well approximately 1,100 feet from the water treatment plant and washeteria building. The pump head is protected by a well house and heated with electric heat trace. See Figures 2a. below for reference. The raw water transmission line between the pump house and the water treatment plant is split into two, an upper line and lower line, upstream and downstream of the sump in Figure 2b below. The lines are connected at a drain port (inside of the sump), which is designed to allow both lines to drain completely after each batch treatment (Figure 2b.). 15 Figures 2a. (left): Venetie pump house. Figure 2b. (right): Venetie sump. The lower line from the pump house (coming in from the left) connects to the upper line (going out to the right), which runs to the water treatment plant. The stub out in the center of the photo is the drain port. Self‐regulating, electric heat trace was installed along the transmission line for thawing. During the 2017‐ 2018 winter, the lower line heat trace was cut after the heat trace was damaged and no longer functioning. The lower line has since been rewired and converted to a plug‐in heat trace. It should be noted that the rewired connection is not waterproof, creating a potential shock hazard due to its close proximity to standing water. Upon entering the water treatment plant, raw water is filtered through a bag filter train (Figure 3) and disinfected with chlorine before being stored in a 428,000‐gallon water storage tank (Figure 4). The water storage tank must be refilled every three to four months; each batch treatment process lasts about two weeks. Figure 3: The water treatment plant bag filtration system. 16 Figure 4: Water storage utilidor and tank. Treated water is used in the washeteria and made available to the public via a watering point on the outside of the washeteria. Water is also supplied to the John Fredson School, which is pumped directly from the water storage tank. Venetie is an unserved community, so it does not have additional heating loads or distribution loops. Description of Building Shell The exterior walls have 2x4 wood‐framed construction with 16” on‐center studs. The stud cavities are assumed to be filled with R‐19 fiberglass insulation. The exterior sidewalls are approximately 11 feet high from the bottom of the subfloor. The walls at the front and back of the building are approximately 11 feet tall at the sides, and 16 feet tall at the roof apex. The building is constructed above grade on pilings, which are about three feet tall. The cathedral ceiling is 2x6 standard truss, wood framed construction. It is insulated with approximately 9.5 inches of R‐30 fiberglass batt between the interior ceiling and the roof. There are six double pane, wood‐framed windows present in the facility: four in the public washer and dryer access area, one in the water treatment plant, and one in the boiler room. There is one single‐door entrance to the washeteria, and a single‐door entrance to the boiler room at the back of the building. The washeteria entrance door is windowless and made of insulated vinyl. The boiler room doors are insulated metal and do not have windows. 17 Description of Heating Plants The heating plants used in the building are: B‐1 Boiler Nameplate Information: Weil‐McLain 480 Commercial Boiler with a Becket Burner Fuel Type: #1 Oil Input Rating: 469,200 BTU per hour Steady State Efficiency: 81.8 % (estimated) Idle Loss: 1.5 % (estimated) Heat Distribution Type: Water (originally 50/50 propylene glycol) Boiler Operation: All Year Notes: Boiler needs to be serviced (cleaned once a year). B‐2 Boiler Nameplate Information: Weil‐McLain 480 Commercial Boiler with a Becket Burner Fuel Type: #1 Oil Input Rating: 469,200 BTU per hour Steady State Efficiency: 81.8 % (estimated) Idle Loss: 1.5 % (estimated) Heat Distribution Type: Water (originally 50/50 propylene glycol) Boiler Operation: All Year Notes: Boiler needs to be serviced (cleaned once a year). 18 Figure 5: Weil‐McLain 480 Commercial boilers. Heat Recovery System Nameplate Information: Brazed plate heat exchanger Heat Exchanger Capacity: 250,000 BTU per hour Steady State Efficiency: 50 % (estimated) Heat Distribution Type: Glycol (power plant) to water (water treatment plant) Boiler Operation: All Year Notes: There was minimal heat transfer across the exchanger. 19 Figure 6: Heat recovery system (left) and heat exchanger (right) in the water treatment plant boiler room. Space Heating Distribution Systems Water is circulated through the boilers using two Grundfos UP 43‐75 BF pumps (labeled HP‐3A and HP‐ 3B). These pumps are plumbed in parallel for redundancy. Heat is supplied to the washeteria through baseboard fin foil heaters in the bathrooms, and a unit heater in the washer and dryer area (Beacon Morris model no. HB‐060). The baseboard heating along the wall outside of the bathrooms has been removed. The water treatment plant is heated by a unit heater (Beacon Morris model no. HB‐060). Heat is supplied to the dryer plenum through a Trane Force‐Flo cabinet heater. Domestic Hot Water System Hot water is generated using two Amtrol indirect hot water heaters (model no. WH‐80‐ZCDW). Water is circulated on demand by a Grundfos UPS 32‐80 F circulation pump (set to Speed 3). Heat Recovery System Information Waste heat is captured from the nearby Venetie Village Electric power plant radiators, and then circulated to the water treatment plant/washeteria building and the Venetie Clinic using a Grundfos UPS 50‐80/2F circulation pump (HP‐5). Heat is transferred to the water treatment plant/washeteria heating system through a 250,000 BTU per hour rated brazed plate heat exchanger (GEA Heat Exchangers, Inc. model no. FP10X20L‐70). The captured heat is then circulated in the water treatment plant and washeteria by a Grundfos UPS 40‐80/4F pump (HP‐7). 20 There are issues with the existing heat recovery infrastructure. During the site visit, the boiler set points were higher than the heat recovery temperature gauges, indicating that the boiler system may have been heating the heat recovery loop that goes to the clinic. Second, pipe corrosion is a common problem in the water treatment plant. It is possible that the brazed plate heat exchanger is corroded or clogged, because flushing minimally improved the heat transfer across the exchanger. Third, circulation pump HP‐5, which circulates the recovered heat through the water treatment plant and washeteria, was knocking during the site visit. Pump HP‐5 needed maintenance or replacement. Lastly, the exterior transmission line between the power plant, water treatment plant/washeteria building, and the clinic is insulated by only 2” of flexible pre‐insulated PEX piping (see Figure 7 below). This is less than is typical for these types of installations and can cause a higher rate of ambient heat loss. Figure 7: Exterior heat recovery transmission line (black flexible pipe). The piping running parallel to the water storage tank utilitdor is a node to the clinic. Description of Building Ventilation System The washeteria bathrooms are ventilated by three small exhaust fans. There are also two large ceiling fans in the building: one in the public washer and dryer access area, and one on the water treatment plant side. The ceiling fans were not in use during the site visit. 21 Lighting Lighting in the water treatment plant consumes approximately 3,057 kWh annually and constitutes approximately 5.3% of the building’s current electrical consumption. Table 3.1: Breakdown of Lighting by Location and Bulb Type Location Bulb Type Fixtures Bulbs per Fixture Annual Usage (kWh) Boiler Room 4 ft. Fluorescent T‐8 (32 W) 3 4 247 Water Treatment Plant 4 ft. Fluorescent T‐8 (32 W) 11 4 905 Dryer Plenum 4 ft. Fluorescent T‐8 (32 W) 2 4 6 Public Washer and Dryer Access Area 4 ft. Fluorescent T‐8 (32 W) 10 4 1,851 Utility Room (watering point plumbing access) 4 ft. Fluorescent T‐8 (32 W) 1 4 3 Bathroom #1 4 ft. Fluorescent T‐8 (32 W) 1 2 10.5 Bathroom #2 4 ft. Fluorescent T‐8 (32 W) 1 2 31.5 Bathroom #3 4 ft. Fluorescent T‐8 (32 W) 1 2 1.5 Outdoor Lighting High Pressure Sodium Wall Pack (50 W) 1 1 1.5 Total Energy Consumption 3,057 Note: Bathroom #3 is rarely used due to a broken toilet. Under normal usage, the lighting in Bathroom #3 would use about 10.5 kWh per year. Major Equipment Table 3.2 contains the details on each of the major electricity consuming mechanical components found in the raw water transmission line, water treatment plant, and washeteria. Major equipment consumes approximately 46,758 kWh annually, constituting about 81.4% of the building’s current electrical consumption. Table 3.2: Major Equipment List Major Equipment Purpose Rating (W) Operating Schedule Annual Energy Consumption (kWh) Well Pump (3/4 HP) Extract and pump raw water to the water treatment plant. 559 Active during the batch treatment process (approximately once every three months for two weeks continuously) 805 HP‐1: Grundfos UPS 40‐160 F Circulation Pump (3/4 HP) Circulates heat to the Dryer Plenum cabinet heater and hydronic dryers. 800 Approximately 2.5 hours per day from Oct. 1 through April 30 624 22 HP‐2: Grundfos UPS 32‐80 F Circulation Pump (1/2 HP) Circulates heat through the indirect hot water heaters. 250 On demand 2,190 HP‐3A and HP‐3B: Grundfos UPS 43‐75 BF Circulation Pump (1/3 HP) Circulates heat through the water treatment plant and washeteria hydronic heating system. Pumps are plumbed in parallel for redundancy. 184 Continuous from Oct. 1 through April 30 464 HP‐4: Grundfos UPS 15‐58 FC Circulation Pump Circulates heat through the water storage tank heat exchanger. 85 Continuous from Oct. 1 through April 30 428.5 HP‐5: Grundfos UPS 50‐80/2F Circulation Pump (3/4 HP) Circulates heat from the power plant radiators to the water treatment plant/washeteria and the clinic. 400 Continuous 3,504 HP‐7: Grundfos UPS 40‐80/4F Circulation Pump (1/2 HP) Circulates water treatment plant/washeteria hydronic heating fluid through the waste heat recovery heat exchanger. 485 On demand (continuous during site visit) 4,249 CRP‐301 and CRP‐ 302: Grundfos UP 26‐96 BF Circulation Pump Circulates treated water from the water storage tank through a heat exchanger to heat the tank during the winter. Pumps are plumbed in parallel for redundancy. 205 Continuous from Oct. 1 through April 30 1,033 PP‐401 and PP‐402: Baldor Reliance Super E Pressure Pump (1.5 HP) Pressurizes water from the water storage tank. Pumps are plumbed in parallel for redundancy. Only PP‐402 was running during the site visit. 1,118 Measured runtime: 5.2% 496 CFP‐2: FASCO no. 71638926 Chlorine Pump Raw water disinfection. 163.3 Active during batch treatment process 235 Well Pump Heat Trace: LT8‐JT Maintains the pump head and upper portion of well shaft at an above‐freezing temperature. 8 Watts/ft. Continuous use from Oct. 1 through April 30 367 Raw Water Transmission Line Heat Trace: Nelson LLT2‐JT (upper and lower lines) Maintains the raw water transmission line at above freezing during the winter. 7 Watts/ft. Continuous use from Oct. 1 through April 30 29,204 Watering Point Heat Trace: Raychem Guardian W51‐12P Freeze recovery for the watering point line. 72 Rarely used 2 Girbau, Inc. Continental Commercial Washers Laundry. Two units total. 1,008 Approximately 1 hour per day 736 23 Whirlpool model no. CAE2743BQ0 Washers Laundry. Two units total. 960 Continuous 701 Speed Queen model no. STT30SBCB2GW01 Commercial Dryers Laundry. Two units total. 596.6 (per unit) Assumed that three dryers are used approximately 2.5 hours per day 1,633 56” Three‐blade Ceiling Fans Air circulation. Two units total. 63 (per unit) Approximately 9 hours per day from May 2 through August 31 69 Bathroom Exhaust Fans Bathroom ventilation. Three units total. 23 (per unit) Bathroom #1: approx. ½ hour per day Bathroom #2: approx. 1.5 hours per day. Bathroom #3: rarely 17.5 Total Energy Consumption 46,758 3.2 Predicted Energy Use 3.2.1 Energy Usage / Tariffs The electric usage profile charts in Section 3.2.1.1 below represent the predicted electrical usage for the building. If actual electricity usage records were available, the model used to predict usage was calibrated to approximately match actual usage. The electric utility measures consumption in kilowatt‐hours (kWh) and maximum demand in kilowatts (kW). One kWh usage is equivalent to 1,000 Watts running for one hour. One kW of electric demand is equivalent to 1,000 Watts running at a particular moment. The basic usage charges are shown as generation service and delivery charges along with several non‐utility generation charges. The fuel oil usage profile shows the fuel oil usage for the building. Fuel oil consumption is measured in gallons. One gallon of #1 Fuel Oil provides approximately 138,000 BTUs of energy. Venetie Village Electric, a locally owned, private utility, supplies electricity to the Native Village of Venetie. The average cost for each type of fuel used in this building is shown below in Table 3.3. This figure includes all surcharges, subsidies, and utility customer charges: Table 3.3: Energy Cost Rates for Each Fuel Type Average Energy Cost (as of March 2018) Description Average Energy Cost Electricity (before PCE) $ 0.90/kWh #1 Fuel Oil $ 9.00/gallon Waste Heat Recovery $ 0.00/million BTU 24 3.2.1.1 Total Energy Use and Cost Breakdown At current rates, the Venetie Village Council pays approximately $138,052 annually for electricity and other fuel costs for the Venetie Water Treatment Plant and Washeteria. Figure 8 below reflects the estimated distribution of costs across the primary end uses of energy based on the AkWarm© computer simulation. Comparing the “Retrofit” bar in the figure to the “Existing” bar shows the potential savings from implementing all of the energy efficiency measures shown in this report. Figure 8: Annual energy costs by end use. Figure 9 below shows how the annual energy cost of the building splits between the different fuels used by the building. The “Existing” bar shows the breakdown for the building as it is now; the “Retrofit” bar shows the predicted costs if all of the energy efficiency measures in this report are implemented. $0 $20,000 $40,000 $60,000 $80,000 $100,000 $120,000 $140,000 Existing Retrofit Other Electrical Lighting Clothes Drying Ventilation Fans Water Heating Space Heating 25 Figure 9: Annual energy costs by fuel type. Note: “Hot Wtr. District Ht.” refers to the heat recovery system. Figure 10 below addresses only space heating costs. The figure shows how each heat loss component contributes to those costs; for example, the figure shows how much annual space heating cost is caused by the heat loss through the walls and doors. For each component, the space heating costs are shown for the existing building (blue bar) and assuming that all retrofits are implemented (yellow bar). Figure 10: Annual space heating costs. Tables 3.4.1 and 3.4.2 below show the model’s estimate of the monthly use for the fuel and heat sources used in the building. The fuel use is broken down across the energy end uses. The heat recovery system was assumed to contribute no heat to the water treatment plant and washeteria building. $0 $20,000 $40,000 $60,000 $80,000 $100,000 $120,000 $140,000 Existing Retrofit Hot Wtr District Ht #1 Oil Electricity $0 $500 $1,000 $1,500 $2,000 $2,500 $3,000 Floor Wall/Door Window Ceiling Air Existing Retrofit 26 Table 3.4.1: Estimated Electrical Consumption by Category Electrical Consumption (kWh) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Space Heating 683 615 667 637 658 637 658 658 637 658 656 681 Domestic Hot Water 459 418 459 444 202 196 202 202 196 459 444 459 Ventilation Fans 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Clothes Drying 824 751 824 797 835 808 835 835 808 824 797 824 Lighting 260 237 260 252 260 252 260 260 252 260 252 260 Other Electrical 4,744 4,086 4,484 4,582 199 176 182 442 159 4,484 4,547 4,536 Table 3.4.2: Estimated #1 Fuel Oil Consumption by Category Fuel Oil #2 Consumption (Gallons) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Space Heating 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Domestic Hot Water 155 141 155 150 43 42 43 43 42 155 150 155 Clothes Drying 702 640 702 680 712 689 712 712 689 702 680 702 Note: There is no fuel consumption for “Space Heating”, because the dryers, boilers, and other equipment in the building are supplying a sufficient amount of heat to displace the hydronic heating system. This calculation agrees with the observed operation of the building: the thermostat for the public laundromat access unit heater had to be turned up to 75° F before the heater turned on. 3.2.2 Energy Use Index (EUI) Energy Use Index (EUI) is a measure of a building’s annual energy utilization per square foot of building. This calculation is completed by converting all utility usage consumed by a building for one year, to British Thermal Units (BTU) or kBTU, and dividing this number by the building square footage. EUI is a good measure of a building’s energy use and is utilized regularly for comparison of energy performance for similar building types. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Buildings Technology Center under a contract with the U.S. Department of Energy maintains a Benchmarking Building Energy Performance Program. The ORNL website determines how a building’s energy use compares with similar facilities throughout the U.S., or in a specific region or state. Source use differs from site usage when comparing a building’s energy consumption with the national average. Site energy use is the energy consumed by the building at the building site only. Source energy use includes the site energy use as well as all of the losses to create and distribute the energy to the building. Source energy represents the total amount of raw fuel that is required to operate the building. It incorporates all transmission, delivery, and production losses, which allows for a complete assessment of energy efficiency in a building. The type of utility purchased has a substantial impact on the source energy use of a building. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has determined that source energy is the most comparable unit for evaluation purposes and overall global impact. Both the site and source EUI ratings for the building are provided to understand and compare the differences in energy use. 27 The site and source EUIs for this building are calculated as follows. (See Table 3.5 for details): Building Site EUI = (Electric Usage in kBTU + Fuel Usage in kBTU) Building Square Footage Building Source EUI = (Electric Usage in kBTU * SS Ratio + Fuel Usage in kBTU * SS Ratio) Building Square Footage where “SS Ratio” is the Source Energy to Site Energy ratio for the particular fuel. Table 3.5: Building EUI Calculations for the Venetie Water Treatment Plant and Washeteria Energy Type Building Fuel Use per Year Site Energy Use per Year, kBTU Source/Site Ratio Source Energy Use per Year, kBTU Electricity 57,453 kWh 196,087 3.340 654,930 #1 Oil 9,594 gallons 1,266,381 1.010 1,279,045 Heat Recovery 0.00 million BTU 0 1.280 0 Total 1,462,468 1,933,974 BUILDING AREA 1,056 Square Feet BUILDING SITE EUI 1,385 kBTU/ft²/yr. BUILDING SOURCE EUI 1,832 kBTU/ft²/yr. * Site ‐ Source Ratio data is provided by the Energy Star Performance Rating Methodology for Incorporating Source Energy Use document issued March 2011. Table 3.6: Building Benchmarks for the Venetie Water Treatment Plant and Washeteria Building Benchmarks Description EUI (kBTU/sq. ft.) EUI/HDD (BTU/sq. ft./HDD) ECI ($/sq. ft.) Existing Building 1,385.3 89.90 $130.76 With Proposed Retrofits 641.9 41.66 $26.07 EUI: Energy Use Intensity ‐ The annual site energy consumption divided by the structure’s conditioned area. EUI/HDD: Energy Use Intensity per Heating Degree Day. ECI: Energy Cost Index ‐ The total annual cost of energy divided by the square footage of the conditioned space in the building. 28 3.3 AkWarm© Building Simulation An accurate model of the building performance can be created by simulating the thermal performance of the walls, roof, windows and floors of the building. The exhaust fans, boilers, and heat recovery system are modeled as well, accounting for the outside air ventilation required by the building and the heat recovery equipment in place. The model uses local weather data and is compared to historical energy use to ensure its accuracy. The model can be used now and in the future to measure the utility bill impact of all types of energy projects, including improving building insulation, modifying glazing, increasing heat recovery, installing high efficiency boilers, adjusting outside air ventilation, and adding cogeneration systems. For the purposes of this study, the Venetie Water Treatment Plant and Washeteria was modeled using AkWarm© energy use software to establish a baseline space heating energy usage. Climate data from Venetie was used for analysis. From this, the model was calibrated to predict the impact of theoretical energy savings measures. Once annual energy savings from a particular measure were predicted and the initial capital cost was estimated, payback scenarios were approximated. Limitations of AkWarm© Models 1. The model is based on typical mean year weather data for Venetie. This data represents the average ambient weather profile as observed over approximately 30 years. As such, the fuel and electric profiles generated will not likely compare perfectly with actual energy billing information from any single year. This is especially true for years with extreme warm or cold periods, or even years with unexpectedly moderate weather. 2. The heating load model is a simple two‐zone model consisting of the building’s core interior spaces and the building’s perimeter spaces. This simplified approach loses accuracy for buildings that have large variations in heating loads across different parts of the building. 3. The data and inputs used to model the building are adjusted until the model is within 5‐10% of the reported fuel and electric use. As such, the predicted cost savings for the recommended energy efficiency measures (EEMs) are reasonable approximations, but not assurances. All EEMs should be verified with a certified professional in that field before any measures are pursued. The energy balances shown in Section 3.1 were derived from the output generated by the AkWarm© simulations. 29 4. ENERGY COST SAVING MEASURES 4.1 Summary of Results The energy saving measures are summarized in Table 4.1. Please refer to the individual measure descriptions later in this report for more detail. Table 4.1: Summary List of Recommended Energy Efficiency Measures Ranked by Economic Priority PRIORITY LIST – ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES Rank Feature Improvement Description Annual Energy Savings1 Installed Cost Savings to Investment Ratio, SIR2 Simple Payback (Years)3 CO2 Savings 1 Other Electrical: Upper Heat Trace Turn off the upper heat trace between batch water treatment runs as long as the transmission line continues to drain completely. Use the heat trace only for freeze prevention. $11,668 $8 12,282.08 0.0 31,114.3 2 Other Electrical: HP‐2 Circulation Pump Setting Verify that the circulation pump is on Speed I to match the design criteria. The energy savings reflects a speed setting change from Speed II to Speed I. $138 $4 387.44 0.0 366.8 3 Other Electrical: HP‐1 Dryer Plenum Circulation Pump ‐ Dryers Install a variable speed, electrically commutated (ECM) pump that can adapt to the dryer and cabinet heater heat demands. Set pump controls to maintain a constant temperature in Dryer Plenum loop. Insulate all plumbing. Directly related to recommendation #4. $45,101 $3,060 135.66 0.1 107,388.6 30 PRIORITY LIST – ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES Rank Feature Improvement Description Annual Energy Savings1 Installed Cost Savings to Investment Ratio, SIR2 Simple Payback (Years)3 CO2 Savings 4 Heating, Ventilation, and Domestic Hot Water Clean and tune boilers. Depending on the boilers' conditions, they may need a complete overhaul. Troubleshoot the heat recovery system and controls. Replace the brazed plate heat exchanger for the heat recovery system. Flushing done during the onsite trip indicated that the heat exchange rate does not improve. Replace the HP‐1 Dryer Plenum circulation pump with a variable speed, ECM pump. Retrofit cost is split between the cabinet heater and the dryers retrofit based on runtime. Directly related to recommendation #3. Replace circulation pump HP‐7 with a variable speed, ECM pump. Install low‐flow showerheads and faucet aerators to reduce hot water consumption by 50%. $41,475 $15,734 24.22 0.4 71,136.8 31 PRIORITY LIST – ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES Rank Feature Improvement Description Annual Energy Savings1 Installed Cost Savings to Investment Ratio, SIR2 Simple Payback (Years)3 CO2 Savings 5 Programmable Thermostat: Public Washer and Dryer Access Install a programmable thermostat to regulate the temperature in the washer and dryer area. Program a temperature setback to 60°F when the washeteria is closed. $97 $341 3.33 3.5 786.8 6 Lighting: Public Washer and Dryer Access Replace fluorescent tube lighting with direct wire, energy efficient LED lighting. $489 + $28 Maint. Savings $3,085 2.62 6.0 1,303.7 7 Other Electrical: Lower Heat Trace Regrade the lower transmission line so the line drains completely between batch treatments. Seal the rewired connection to reduce the risk of electrical shock. Use the lower heat trace only for freeze prevention. $11,199 $50,000 1.89 4.5 29,863.5 8 Lighting: Boiler Room Replace fluorescent tube lighting with direct wire, energy efficient LED lighting. $65 + $8 Maint. Savings $926 1.25 12.6 173.7 9 Lighting: Water Treatment Plant Replace fluorescent tube lighting with direct wire, energy efficient LED lighting. $239 + $29 Maint. Savings $3,394 1.24 12.7 637.4 10 Lighting: Bathroom #2 Replace fluorescent tube lighting with direct wire, energy efficient LED lighting. $8 + $1 Maint. Savings $154 0.99 15.9 22.2 11 Lighting: Bathroom #1 Replace fluorescent tube lighting with direct wire, energy efficient LED lighting. $3 + $1 Maint. Savings $132 0.50 31.7 7.4 12 Lighting: Bathroom #3 Replace fluorescent tube lighting with direct wire, energy efficient LED lighting (assuming the toilet is fixed and usage returns to normal). $3 + $1 Maint. Savings $132 0.50 31.7 7.4 32 PRIORITY LIST – ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES Rank Feature Improvement Description Annual Energy Savings1 Installed Cost Savings to Investment Ratio, SIR2 Simple Payback (Years)3 CO2 Savings 13 Programmable Thermostat: Dryer Plenum Install a programmable thermostat to maintain a lower temperature in the Dryer Plenum when the building is unoccupied. $13 $341 0.45 26.3 120.6 14 Lighting: Utility Room (watering point access) Replace fluorescent tube lighting with direct wire, energy efficient LED lighting. $1 + $3 Maint. Savings $265 0.21 74.0 2.1 15 Lighting: Dryer Plenum Replace fluorescent tube lighting with direct wire, energy efficient LED lighting. $2 + $6 Maint. Savings $530 0.21 74.1 4.1 16 Lighting: Outdoor Lighting Replace high‐ pressure sodium wall pack with an energy efficient LED equivalent. $1 + $3 Maint. Savings $504 0.14 116.5 2.8 17 Air Tightening Rehang the washeteria door so that it is plumb with the doorframe. Replace the washeteria door handle. Add weather stripping around washeteria and water treatment plant doors and windows. Re‐caulk windows as needed. $8 $775 0.09 98.8 73.1 18 Building Shell: Water Treatment Plant/Washeteria Subfloor Install R‐5 rigid board insulation under the subfloor on the exterior of the building. Cost estimate includes materials, freight, and labor. $9 $7,207 0.02 795.6 84.4 19 Windows: Boiler Room Replace the existing windows with a triple pane, low‐E, argon windows. $2 $1,368 0.02 756.4 16.9 20 Windows: Public Washer and Dryer Access Replace the existing windows with a triple pane, low‐E, argon windows. $5 $4,104 0.02 757.5 50.8 33 PRIORITY LIST – ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES Rank Feature Improvement Description Annual Energy Savings1 Installed Cost Savings to Investment Ratio, SIR2 Simple Payback (Years)3 CO2 Savings 21 Window: Water Treatment Plant Replace the existing window with a triple pane, low‐E, argon window. $1 $1,368 0.02 944.0 13.1 22 Programmable Thermostat: Bathroom #1 Install a programmable thermostat to regulate the temperature in the bathroom. Program a temperature setback to 60°F when the washeteria is closed. $0 $341 0.01 804.6 3.9 23 Programmable Thermostat: Bathroom #2 Install a programmable thermostat to regulate the temperature in the bathroom. Program a temperature setback to 60°F when the washeteria is closed. $0 $341 0.01 808.3 3.9 24 Programmable Thermostat: Bathroom #3 Install a programmable thermostat to regulate the temperature in the bathroom. Program a temperature setback to 60°F when the washeteria is closed. $0 $341 0.01 804.6 3.9 TOTAL, all measures $110,528 + $81 Maint. Savings $94,454 10.65 0.9 243,188.2 Table Notes: 1 Maintenance savings were calculated by determining the approximate number and cost of fluorescent bulbs that would need to be replaced over the lifetime of an equivalent LED bulb, and then adding that subtotal to the cost of labor for changing each bulb. The total was divided over the lifespan of the LED equivalent bulb. Note: the LED lifespan is capped at 30 years. A value of $25 per hour was estimated for local labor. The length of time for changing each bulb was estimated at 15 minutes. 2 Savings to Investment Ratio (SIR) is a life‐cycle cost measure calculated by dividing the total savings over the life of a project (expressed in today’s dollars) by its investment costs. The SIR is an indication of the profitability of a measure: the higher the SIR, the more profitable the project. An SIR greater than 1.0 indicates a cost‐effective project (i.e. more savings than cost). Remember that this profitability is based on 34 the position of that Energy Efficiency Measure (EEM) in the overall list and assumes that the measures above it are implemented first. 3 Simple Payback (SP) is a measure of the length of time required for the savings from an EEM to payback the investment cost, not counting interest on the investment and any future changes in energy prices. It is calculated by dividing the investment cost by the expected first‐year savings of the EEM. 4.2 Interactive Effects of Projects The savings for a particular measure are calculated assuming all recommended EEMs coming before that measure in the list are implemented. If some EEMs are not implemented, savings for the remaining EEMs will be affected. For example, if ceiling insulation is not added, then savings from a project to replace the heating system will be increased, because the heating system for the building supplies a larger load. In general, all projects are evaluated sequentially so energy savings associated with one EEM would not also be attributed to another EEM. By modeling the recommended project sequentially, the analysis accounts for interactive affects among the EEMs and does not “double count” savings. Interior lighting, electrical loads, facility equipment, and occupants generate heat within the building. When the building is in cooling mode, these items contribute to the overall cooling demands of the building; therefore, lighting efficiency improvements will reduce cooling requirements in air‐conditioned buildings. Conversely, lighting‐efficiency improvements are anticipated to slightly increase heating requirements. Heating penalties and cooling benefits were included in the lighting project analysis. 35 4.3 Building Shell Measures 4.3.1 Insulation Measures 4.3.2 Window Measures Rank Location Existing Type/R‐Value Recommendation Type/R‐Value 18 Building Shell: Water Treatment Plant/Washeteria Subfloor Framing Type: 2 x Lumber Insulating Sheathing: None Top Insulation Layer: R‐30 Batt: FG or RW, 9.5 inches Bottom Insulation Layer: None Insulation Quality: Damaged Modeled R‐Value: 29.1 Install R‐5 rigid board insulation under the subfloor on the exterior of the building. Use spray foam insulation to seal any cracks or gaps. Replace the existing exterior board with all‐weather plywood. Installation Cost $7,207 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs.) 30 Energy Savings ($/yr.) $9 Breakeven Cost $174 Simple Payback (yrs.) 796 Energy Savings (MMBTU/yr.) 1.1 MMBTU Savings‐to‐Investment Ratio 0.0 Auditors Notes: Cost: Materials ($3,813) + 15% freight + 96 hours local labor (@ $25/hour) = $7,207 Rank Location Size/Type, Condition Recommendation 19 Window: Boiler Room Glass: Double, glass Frame: Wood\Vinyl Spacing Between Layers: Half Inch Gas Fill Type: Air Modeled U‐Value: 0.51 Solar Heat Gain Coefficient including Window Coverings: 0.46 Replace the existing window with a triple pane, low‐ E, argon window. Installation Cost $1,368 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs.) 20 Energy Savings ($/yr.) $2 Breakeven Cost $26 Simple Payback (yrs.) 762 Energy Savings (MMBTU/yr.) 0.2 MMBTU Savings‐to‐Investment Ratio 0.0 Auditors Notes: Cost: Materials (approximately $900 per window, depending on size) + 15% freight + 4 hours local labor (@ $25/ hour) = $1,368 36 Rank Location Size/Type, Condition Recommendation 20 Window: Public Washer and Dryer Access Glass: Double, glass Frame: Wood\Vinyl Spacing Between Layers: Half Inch Gas Fill Type: Air Modeled U‐Value: 0.51 Solar Heat Gain Coefficient including Window Coverings: 0.46 Replace existing windows with triple pane, low‐E, argon windows (four total). Installation Cost $4,104 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs.) 20 Energy Savings ($/yr.) $5 Breakeven Cost $79 Simple Payback (yrs.) 757 Energy Savings (MMBTU/yr.) 0.6 MMBTU Savings‐to‐Investment Ratio 0.0 Auditors Notes: Cost: Materials (approximately $900 per window, depending on size) + 15% freight + 4 hours local labor (@ $25/ hour) = $4,104 Rank Location Size/Type, Condition Recommendation 21 Window: Water Treatment Plant Glass: Double, glass Frame: Wood\Vinyl Spacing Between Layers: Half Inch Gas Fill Type: Air Modeled U‐Value: 0.51 Solar Heat Gain Coefficient including Window Coverings: 0.46 Replace the existing window with a triple pane, low‐ E, argon window. Installation Cost $1,368 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs.) 20 Energy Savings ($/yr.) $1 Breakeven Cost $21 Simple Payback (yrs.) 994 Energy Savings (MMBTU/yr.) 0.2 MMBTU Savings‐to‐Investment Ratio 0.0 Auditors Notes: Cost: Materials (approximately $900 per window, depending on size) + 15% freight + 4 hours local labor (@ $25/ hour) = $1,368 37 4.3.3 Air Sealing Measures Rank Location Existing Air Leakage Level (cfm@50/75 Pa) Recommended Air Leakage Reduction (cfm@50/75 Pa) 17 Water Treatment Plant/Washeteria Building Air Tightness estimated as: 1687 cfm at 50 Pascal Perform air sealing to reduce air leakage by 5%. Rehang the washeteria door so that it is plumb with the doorframe. Replace the washeteria door handle. Add weather stripping around washeteria and water treatment plant doors and windows. Re‐caulk windows as needed. Installation Cost $775 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs.) 10 Energy Savings ($/yr.) $8 Breakeven Cost $66 Simple Payback (yrs.) 99 Energy Savings (MMBTU/yr.) 0.9 MMBTU Savings‐to‐Investment Ratio 0.1 Auditors Notes: Estimated labor: 8 hours local labor (@ $25/hr.) = $200 38 4.4 Mechanical Equipment Measures 4.4.1 Heating/Domestic Hot Water Measure 4.4.2 Night Setback Thermostat Measures Rank Recommendation 4 Travel costs from Anchorage, lodging, and per diem for all retrofits is $1,712. This cost is divided between the Heating and Other Loads retrofits based on the labor estimated for each job. All indirect fees are included in the overall cost estimate. 1. Clean and tune boilers. Depending on the boilers' conditions, they may need a complete overhaul. Cost: Materials ($250) + 15% freight + 6 hours maintenance specialist (@ $100/hr.) +6 hours local labor (@ $25) = $1,038 2. Troubleshoot the heat recovery system and controls. Cost: 5 hours engineer (@ $125/hr.) = $625 (travel costs are included above) 3. Replace the brazed plate heat exchanger. The following cost estimate is for a 250,000 BTU/hr. brazed plate heat exchanger. Cost: Materials ($750) + 15% freight +4 hours maintenance specialist (@ $100/hr.) and 4 hours local labor (@ $25/hr.) = $1,363 4. Consider replacing HP‐1 with a variable speed, electrically commutated pump. Cost: Materials (Pump: $2,050, additional wiring: $50) + 15% freight + 2 hours maintenance specialist (@ $100/hr.) and 2 hours local labor (@ $25/hr.) = $2,665 5. Consider replacing HP‐7 with a variable speed, electrically commutated pump. Cost: Materials (Pump: $1,245, additional wiring: $50) + 15% freight + 2 hours maintenance specialist (@ $100/hr.) and 2 hours local labor (@ $25/hr.) = $1,740 6. Install low‐flow showerheads and faucet aerators to reduce hot water consumption (estimated at ½ current hot water consumption). Cost: Materials ($50) + 15% freight + 1 hour local labor (@ $25/hr.) = $83 Installation Cost $15,734 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs.) 10 Energy Savings ($/yr.) $41,475 Breakeven Cost $381,103 Simple Payback (yrs.) 0 Energy Savings (MMBTU/yr.) 71.5 MMBTU Savings‐to‐Investment Ratio 24.2 Auditors Notes: 39 Rank Building Space Recommendation 5 Public Washer and Dryer Access Install a programmable thermostat to regulate the temperature in the washer and dryer area. Program a temperature setback to 60°F when the washeteria is closed. Installation Cost $341 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs.) 15 Energy Savings ($/yr.) $97 Breakeven Cost $1,136 Simple Payback (yrs.) 4 Energy Savings (MMBTU/yr.) 9.5 MMBTU Savings‐to‐Investment Ratio 3.3 Auditors Notes: Cost: Materials ($70; includes additional wiring, conduit, and lockable case) + 15% freight + 1 hour electrician (@ $100/hour) + 15 minutes local labor (@ $25/hour) + contractor travel + 30% contractor fee = $341 Rank Building Space Recommendation 13 Dryer Plenum Install a programmable thermostat to maintain a lower temperature in the Dryer Plenum when the building is unoccupied. Installation Cost $341 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs.) 15 Energy Savings ($/yr.) $13 Breakeven Cost $152 Simple Payback (yrs.) 26 Energy Savings (MMBTU/yr.) 1.5 MMBTU Savings‐to‐Investment Ratio 0.4 Auditors Notes: Cost: Materials ($70; includes additional wiring and conduit) + 15% freight + 1 hour electrician (@ $100/hour) + 15 minutes local labor (@ $25/hour) + contractor travel + 30% contractor fee = $341 Rank Building Space Recommendation 22 Bathroom #1 Install a programmable thermostat to regulate the temperature in the bathroom. Program a temperature setback to 60°F when the washeteria is closed. Installation Cost $341 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs.) 15 Energy Savings ($/yr.) $0 Breakeven Cost $5 Simple Payback (yrs.) 808 Energy Savings (MMBTU/yr.) 0.1 MMBTU Savings‐to‐Investment Ratio 0.0 Auditors Notes: Cost: Materials ($70; includes additional wiring, conduit, and lockable case) + 15% freight + 1 hour electrician (@ $100/hour) + 15 minutes local labor (@ $25/hour) + contractor travel + 30% contractor fee = $341 Rank Building Space Recommendation 23 Bathroom #2 Install a programmable thermostat to regulate the temperature in the bathroom. Program a temperature setback to 60°F when the washeteria is closed. Installation Cost $341 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs.) 15 Energy Savings ($/yr.) $0 Breakeven Cost $5 Simple Payback (yrs.) 808 Energy Savings (MMBTU/yr.) 0.1 MMBTU Savings‐to‐Investment Ratio 0.0 Auditors Notes: Cost: Materials ($70; includes additional wiring, conduit, and lockable case) + 15% freight + 1 hour electrician (@ $100/hour) + 15 minutes local labor (@ $25/hour) + contractor travel + 30% contractor fee = $341 40 Rank Building Space Recommendation 24 Bathroom #3 Install a programmable thermostat to regulate the temperature in the bathroom. Program a temperature setback to 60°F when the washeteria is closed. Installation Cost $341 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs.) 15 Energy Savings ($/yr.) $0 Breakeven Cost $5 Simple Payback (yrs.) 805 Energy Savings (MMBTU/yr.) 0.0 MMBTU Savings‐to‐Investment Ratio 0.0 Auditors Notes: Cost: Materials ($70; includes additional wiring, conduit, and lockable case) + 15% freight + 1 hour electrician (@ $100/hour) + 15 minutes local labor (@ $25/hour) + contractor travel + 30% contractor fee = $341 41 4.5 Electrical & Appliance Measures 4.5.1 Lighting Measures The goal of this section is to present any lighting energy conservation measures that may also be cost beneficial. It should be noted that replacing current bulbs with more energy‐efficient equivalents will have a small effect on the building heating. The heating load will see a small increase, as the more energy efficient bulbs give off less heat. Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation 6 Public Washer and Dryer Access 10 Fluorescent Fixtures (4 bulbs each) T‐8 4' F32T8 32W Standard Instant Electronic Ballast Replace the current bulbs with direct wire, energy efficient LED equivalents. Installation Cost $3,085 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs.) 22 Energy Savings ($/yr.) $489 Breakeven Cost $8,089 Simple Payback (yrs.) 6 Energy Savings (MMBTU/yr.) 1.9 MMBTU Savings‐to‐Investment Ratio 2.6 Maintenance Savings ($/yr.) $28 Auditors Notes: Each fluorescent bulb will be replaced twice per one LED bulb lifetime. Maintenance costs account for the labor and materials to change the fluorescent bulbs over the lifetime of the LED replacement. Retrofit: Materials ($16.74 per bulb, tombstone included) + 15% freight + 15 minutes electrician labor per bulb (@ $100/hour) + Travel + 30% contractor fee = $3,085. Travel and indirect costs are divided across the lighting recommendations for the building. Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation 8 Boiler Room 3 Fluorescent Fixtures (4 bulbs each) T‐8 4' F32T8 32W Standard Instant Electronic Ballast Replace the current bulbs with direct wire, energy efficient LED equivalents. Installation Cost $926 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs.) 22 Energy Savings ($/yr.) $65 Breakeven Cost $1,153 Simple Payback (yrs.) 13 Energy Savings (MMBTU/yr.) 0.2 MMBTU Savings‐to‐Investment Ratio 1.2 Maintenance Savings ($/yr.) $8 Auditors Notes: Each fluorescent bulb will be replaced twice per one LED bulb lifetime. Maintenance costs account for the labor and materials to change the fluorescent bulbs over the lifetime of the LED replacement. Retrofit: Materials ($16.74 per bulb, tombstone included) + 15% freight + 15 minutes electrician labor per bulb (@ $100/hour) + Travel + 30% contractor fee = $926. Travel and indirect costs are divided across the lighting recommendations for the building. 42 Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation 9 Water Treatment Plant 11 Fluorescent Fixtures (4 bulbs each) T‐8 4' F32T8 32W Standard Instant Electronic Ballast Replace the current bulbs with direct wire, energy efficient LED equivalents. Installation Cost $3,394 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs.) 22 Energy Savings ($/yr.) $239 Breakeven Cost $4,198 Simple Payback (yrs.) 13 Energy Savings (MMBTU/yr.) 0.9 MMBTU Savings‐to‐Investment Ratio 1.2 Maintenance Savings ($/yr.) $29 Auditors Notes: Each fluorescent bulb will be replaced twice per one LED bulb lifetime. Maintenance costs account for the labor and materials to change the fluorescent bulbs over the lifetime of the LED replacement. Retrofit: Materials (tombstone included) (2*$16.74) + 15% freight + 15 minutes electrician labor (@ $100/hour) + Travel + 30% contractor fee = $3,394. Travel and indirect costs are divided across the lighting recommendations for the building. Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation 10 Bathroom #2 Fluorescent Fixture (2 bulbs each) T‐8 4' F32T8 32W Standard Instant Electronic Ballast Replace the current bulbs with direct wire, energy efficient LED equivalents. Installation Cost $154 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs.) 22 Energy Savings ($/yr.) $8 Breakeven Cost $152 Simple Payback (yrs.) 16 Energy Savings (MMBTU/yr.) 0.0 MMBTU Savings‐to‐Investment Ratio 1.0 Maintenance Savings ($/yr.) $1 Auditors Notes: Each fluorescent bulb will be replaced twice per one LED bulb lifetime. Maintenance costs account for the labor and materials to change the fluorescent bulbs over the lifetime of the LED replacement. Retrofit: Materials ($16.74, tombstone included) + 15% freight + 15 minutes electrician labor per bulb (@ $100/hour) + Travel + 30% contractor fee = $154. Travel and indirect costs are divided across the lighting recommendations for the building. Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation 11 Bathroom #1 Fluorescent Fixture (2 bulbs each) T‐8 4' F32T8 32W Standard Instant Electronic Ballast Replace the current bulbs with direct wire, energy efficient LED equivalents. Installation Cost $132 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs.) 22 Energy Savings ($/yr.) $3 Breakeven Cost $66 Simple Payback (yrs.) 32 Energy Savings (MMBTU/yr.) 0.0 MMBTU Savings‐to‐Investment Ratio 0.5 Maintenance Savings ($/yr.) $1 Auditors Notes: Each fluorescent bulb will be replaced twice per one LED bulb lifetime. Maintenance costs account for the labor and materials to change the fluorescent bulbs over the lifetime of the LED replacement. Retrofit: Materials ($16.74 per bulb, tombstone included) + 15% freight + 15 minutes electrician labor per bulb (@ $100/hour) + Travel + 30% contractor fee = $132. Travel and indirect costs are divided across the lighting recommendations for the building. 43 Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation 12 Bathroom #3 Fluorescent Fixture (2 bulbs each) T‐8 4' F32T8 32W Standard Instant Electronic Ballast Replace the current bulbs with direct wire, energy efficient LED equivalents. Installation Cost $132 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs.) 22 Energy Savings ($/yr.) $3 Breakeven Cost $66 Simple Payback (yrs.) 32 Energy Savings (MMBTU/yr.) 0.0 MMBTU Savings‐to‐Investment Ratio 0.5 Maintenance Savings ($/yr.) $1 Auditors Notes: Each fluorescent bulb will be replaced twice per one LED bulb lifetime. Maintenance costs account for the labor and materials to change the fluorescent bulbs over the lifetime of the LED replacement. Retrofit: Materials ($16.74 per bulb, tombstone included) + 15% freight + 15 minutes electrician labor per bulb (@ $100/hour) + Travel + 30% contractor fee = $132. Travel and indirect costs are divided across the lighting recommendations for the building. Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation 14 Utility Room (watering point access) Fluorescent Fixture (4 bulbs each) T‐8 4' F32T8 32W Standard Instant Electronic Ballast Replace the current bulbs with direct wire, energy efficient LED equivalents. Installation Cost $265 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs.) 22 Energy Savings ($/yr.) $1 Breakeven Cost $57 Simple Payback (yrs.) 74 Energy Savings (MMBTU/yr.) 0.0 MMBTU Savings‐to‐Investment Ratio 0.2 Maintenance Savings ($/yr.) $3 Auditors Notes: Each fluorescent bulb will be replaced twice per one LED bulb lifetime. Maintenance costs account for the labor and materials to change the fluorescent bulbs over the lifetime of the LED replacement. Retrofit: Materials ($16.74, tombstone included) + 15% freight + 15 minutes electrician labor per bulb (@ $100/hour) + Travel + 30% contractor fee = $265. Travel and indirect costs are divided across the lighting recommendations for the building. Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation 15 Dryer Plenum 2 Fluorescent Fixtures (4 bulbs each) T‐8 4' F32T8 32W Standard Instant Electronic Ballasts Replace the current bulbs with direct wire, energy efficient LED equivalents. Installation Cost $530 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs.) 22 Energy Savings ($/yr.) $2 Breakeven Cost $113 Simple Payback (yrs.) 74 Energy Savings (MMBTU/yr.) 0.0 MMBTU Savings‐to‐Investment Ratio 0.2 Maintenance Savings ($/yr.) $6 Auditors Notes: Each fluorescent bulb will be replaced twice per one LED bulb lifetime. Maintenance costs account for the labor and materials to change the fluorescent bulbs over the lifetime of the LED replacement. Retrofit: Materials ($16.74, tombstone included) + 15% freight + 15 minutes electrician labor per bulb (@ $100/hour) + Travel + 30% contractor fee = $530. Travel and indirect costs are divided across the lighting recommendations for the building. 44 4.6 Other Measures Rank Location Existing Condition Recommendation 16 Outdoor Lighting High Pressure Sodium 50 Watt Wall Pack Replace bulb with an energy efficient LED equivalent. Installation Cost $504 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs.) 22 Energy Savings ($/yr.) $1 Breakeven Cost $69 Simple Payback (yrs.) 116 Energy Savings (MMBTU/yr.) 0.0 MMBTU Savings‐to‐Investment Ratio 0.1 Maintenance Savings ($/yr.) $3 Auditors Notes: If the photo‐sensor does not work, replace the fixture with a direct wire, LED‐equivalent wall pack. Example: https://www.homedepot.com/p/Novolink‐Bronze‐1700‐Lumen‐Outdoor‐Day‐Light‐Integrated‐LED‐Wall‐Pack‐Light‐WL‐20D/300735947 The HPS bulb will need to be replace four times over the lifetime of an LED‐equivalent bulb. Local labor was used for the maintenance savings estimate (10 min at $25/hour). Retrofit cost: Materials ($250) + 15% freight + 1 hour electrician (@ $100/hour) + Contractor fee = $504 Rank Location Description of Existing Efficiency Recommendation 1 Upper Heat Trace 1170 Nelson LLT2‐JT Electric Heat Trace Turn the electric heat trace off between batch treatment runs as long as the line continues to drain completely. Installation Cost $8 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs.) 10 Energy Savings ($/yr.) $11,668 Breakeven Cost $98,257 Simple Payback (yrs.) 0 Energy Savings (MMBTU/yr.) 44.2 MMBTU Savings‐to‐Investment Ratio 12,282.1 Auditors Notes: Use heat trace only for freeze prevention. Rank Location Description of Existing Efficiency Recommendation 7 Lower Heat Trace 573 Nelson LLT2‐JT Electric Heat Trace Regrade lower transmission line so that it drains completely between batch treatments. Turn the electric heat trace off between batch treatment runs. Installation Cost $50,000 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs.) 10 Energy Savings ($/yr.) $11,199 Breakeven Cost $94,306 Simple Payback (yrs.) 4 Energy Savings (MMBTU/yr.) 42.5 MMBTU Savings‐to‐Investment Ratio 1.9 Auditors Notes: Use heat trace only for freeze prevention. 45 Rank Location Description of Existing Efficiency Recommendation 2 HP‐4 Water Storage Tank Circulation Pump Circulates heat through the water storage tank heat add heat exchanger. Verify that the pump speed setting is on Speed I. The energy savings below reflect changing the pump’s speed from Speed II to Speed I. Installation Cost $4 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs.) 15 Energy Savings ($/yr.) $138 Breakeven Cost $1,616 Simple Payback (yrs.) 0 Energy Savings (MMBTU/yr.) 0.5 MMBTU Savings‐to‐Investment Ratio 387.4 Auditors Notes: Cost: 10 minutes local labor (@ $25/hr.) = $4.17 Rank Location Description of Existing Efficiency Recommendation 3 HP‐1 Dryer Plenum Circulation Pump Circulates heat to the hydronic dryers and the CUH‐1 cabinet heater. Replace HP‐1 with a MAGNA3 40‐180 F pump. Set to maintain constant temperature in Dryer Plenum loop. Insulate all plumbing. Installation Cost $3,060 Estimated Life of Measure (yrs.) 10 Energy Savings ($/yr.) $45,101 Breakeven Cost $415,123 Simple Payback (yrs.) 0 Energy Savings (MMBTU/yr.) 608.8 MMBTU Savings‐to‐Investment Ratio 135.7 Auditors Notes: Retrofit installation cost is split between the cabinet heater and the dryers retrofit based on runtime. Cost includes materials, shipping, labor, travel expenses, and an indirect fee. 46 5. ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTION PLAN Through inspection of the energy‐using equipment on‐site and discussions with site facilities personnel, this energy audit has identified several energy‐saving measures. The measures will reduce the amount of fuel burned and electricity used at the site. The projects will not degrade the performance of the building and, in some cases, will improve it. Several types of EEMs can be implemented immediately by building staff, and others will require various amounts of lead‐time for engineering and equipment acquisition. In some cases, there are logical advantages to implementing EEMs concurrently. For example, if the same electrical contractor is used to install both lighting equipment and motors, implementation of these measures should be scheduled to occur simultaneously. 47 APPENDICES Appendix A – Energy Billing Data 1. Electricity Billing Data Utility: Venetie Village Electric Reading: Monthly Units: kWh Month Venetie Water Treatment Plant and Washeteria January 2017 5,598 February 2017 8,019 March 2017 6,121 April 2017 0 May 2017 7,512 June 2017 3,633 July 2017 2,448 August 2017 2,100 September 2017 4,171 October 2017 5,357 November 2017 6,326 December 2017 6,326 Note: The electric reading for the months of November and December 2017 were billed jointly as 12,651 kWh. This reading was split evenly into two readings for modeling purposes. 2. #1 Fuel Oil Billing Data Utility: Venetie Village Council Reading: Total amount sold in 2017 Units: Gallons Month Venetie Water Treatment Plant and Washeteria January 2017 500 June 2017 250 October 2017 500 Note: The Venetie Village Council reported the sale of 1,250 gallons to the washeteria in 2017. The total gallons sold was divided over three months based on typical building demand. This quantity seemed very low, because the heat recovery system was not contributing heat to the building at the time of the site visit. Water treatment plant/washeteria buildings of similar size and location typically use about 9,500 gallons of fuel oil per year. 48 Appendix B – Energy Audit Report – Project Summary ENERGY AUDIT REPORT – PROJECT SUMMARY General Project Information PROJECT INFORMATION AUDITOR INFORMATION Building: Venetie Water Treatment Plant and Washeteria Auditor Company: Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium Address: Venetie Auditor Name: Kevin Ulrich City: Venetie Auditor Address: 4500 Diplomacy Drive Anchorage, AK 99508 Client Name: Patrick (PJ) Hanson Client Address: P.O. Box 8119 Venetie, AK 9981 Auditor Phone: (907) 729‐3237 Auditor FAX: (907) 729‐3509 Client Phone: (907) 849‐8212 Auditor Comment: Assistant auditor: Kelli Whelan, MS Environmental Engineering: (907) 729‐3723, kmwhelan@anthc.org Client FAX: Design Data Building Area: 1,441 square feet Typical Occupancy: 6 people Design Indoor Temperature: 67° F (building average) Actual City: Venetie Design Outdoor Temperature: ‐49.4° F Weather/Fuel City: Venetie Heating Degree Days: 15,409° F‐days Utility Information Electric Utility: Venetie Village Electric #1 Fuel Oil Provider: Venetie Village Council Average Annual Cost/kWh: $0.900/kWh Average Annual Cost/gallon: $9.00/gal. Annual Energy Cost Estimate Description Space Heating Water Heating Ventilation Fans Clothes Drying Lighting Other Electrical Total Cost Existing Building $7,063 $15,157 $16 $83,699 $2,759 $29,358 $138,052 With Proposed Retrofits $4,885 $4,309 $16 $9,874 $1,949 $6,491 $27,524 Savings $2,178 $10,848 $0 $73,825 $810 $22,867 $110,528 Building Benchmarks Description EUI (kBTU/sq. ft.) EUI/HDD (BTU/sq. ft./HDD) ECI ($/sq. ft.) Existing Building 1,385.3 89.90 $130.76 With Proposed Retrofits 641.9 41.66 $26.07 EUI: Energy Use Intensity ‐ The annual site energy consumption divided by the structure’s conditioned area. EUI/HDD: Energy Use Intensity per Heating Degree Day. ECI: Energy Cost Index ‐ The total annual cost of energy divided by the square footage of the conditioned space in the building. 49 Appendix C – Actual Fuel Use versus Modeled Fuel Use The orange bars show actual fuel use, and the blue bars are AkWarm’s prediction of fuel use. Annual Fuel Use Electricity Fuel Use #1 Fuel Oil Fuel Use Note: The Venetie Village Council reported selling 1,250 gallons for fuel oil to the Venetie Washeteria and Water Treatment Plant. This amount is much lower than typical washeteria/water treatment plant consumption. 50 Appendix D ‐ Electrical Demands Estimated Peak Electrical Demand (kW) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Current 16.7 16.3 16.3 16.6 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.6 10.2 16.3 16.6 16.4 As Proposed 11.0 10.7 10.6 10.8 9.5 9.4 9.4 9.8 9.4 10.5 10.9 10.7 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ AkWarmCalc Ver 2.8.0.0, Energy Lib 3/26/2018