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Venetie Head Start Energy Audit Final 2018
1 Comprehensive Energy Audit For Venetie Head Start Building Prepared For Venetie Village Council May 30, 2018 Prepared by: Kelli Whelan, Kevin Ulrich, and Cody Uhlig Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium 4500 Diplomacy Drive Anchorage, AK 99508 2 Table of Contents PREFACE ........................................................................................................................................................ 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................................................... 3 LIMITATIONS OF THIS STUDY ........................................................................................................................ 3 OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................................................... 4 ENERGY BASELINE ......................................................................................................................................... 4 PROPOSED ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES (EEM) ...................................................................................... 5 FACILITY DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................................................. 7 PROJECT FINANCING ..................................................................................................................................... 9 MEASUREMENT AND VERIFICATION .......................................................................................................... 10 APPENDICES ................................................................................................................................................ 11 Appendix A – Energy Billing Data ............................................................................................................ 11 Appendix B – Energy Audit Report – Project Summary .......................................................................... 12 Appendix C – Actual Fuel Use versus Modeled Fuel Use ........................................................................ 13 Appendix D ‐ EUI Calculation Details ...................................................................................................... 15 Appendix E – Materials List and Labor Estimation .................................................................................. 16 Appendix F – Example Materials ............................................................................................................. 18 Appendix G – Additional Photos of the Venetie Head Start Building ..................................................... 22 3 PREFACE The purpose of this report is to provide guidance in reducing facility operating costs and enhance the sustainability of this community. The report assesses the current energy usage of the facility, provide options for reducing the amount of energy used, and evaluate the cost vs. benefit of each option. Discussions of site‐specific concerns, financing options, general facility information, and an energy efficiency action plan are also included in this report. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium (ANTHC) Rural Energy Initiative gratefully acknowledges the assistance of Patrick (PJ) Hanson, First Chief, the members of the Venetie Village Council, and Donna Erick, the former Council administrator. LIMITATIONS OF THIS STUDY The building modeling software AkWarm© was used to create a virtual representation of the Venetie Head Start Building. The model is then used to test the cost effectiveness of different energy efficiency measures (EEMs) like LED lighting and pump improvements. The AkWarm© software calculates the annual cost savings and payback period for the investment, and then ranks all EEMs based on their payback period. There are limitations using this software, which may affect the accuracy of the EEMs cost savings. This report should serve as a guide when deciding which EEMS to pursue further. All EEMs and installation costs should be verified with a certified professional in that field before construction begins. 4 OVERVIEW This report was prepared for the Venetie Village Council. The scope of the audit focused on the Venetie Head Start Building, and includes an analysis of building occupancy schedules, building shell, heating systems, lighting, and other electrical loads. The Venetie Head Start Building was renovated in the 2000s, and was selected to participate in a flush/haul pilot project through ANTHC in 2001. The building is approximately 1,020 square feet. It has a main room for Head Start events, an office, a kitchen, and a storage area. Data was gathered on a site survey and an interview with the Head Start coordinator. ENERGY BASELINE Based on unsubsidized electricity and fuel oil prices in effect at the time of the audit, the total predicted energy costs are about $6,244 per year. This includes $4,904 for unsubsidized electricity and an estimated annual cost of $1,341 for cord wood. The Monitor Stove installed in the Head Start Building was not working at the time of the site visit and fuel usage during the previous year was minimal, so the fuel cost was assumed to be $0. The State of Alaska Power Cost Equalization (PCE) program provides a subsidy to rural communities across the state to lower electricity costs and make energy affordable in rural Alaska. The Venetie Head Start Building receives a PCE subsidy, reducing the cost of electricity from $0.90 per kWh to about $0.52 per kWh. Table 1 lists the predicted annual energy usage before and after the proposed retrofits for the Venetie Head Start Building. Table 1: Predicted Annual Energy Use for the Venetie Head Start Building Predicted Annual Fuel Use Fuel Use Existing Building With Proposed Retrofits Electricity 5,449 kWh 4,694 kWh Spruce Wood 8.94 cords 6.08 cords #1 Fuel Oil 0.0 gallons 0.0 gallons Note: One of the recommendations in the Table 2 below is to repair the Monitor Stove and maintain it as a backup heat source. This improvement may increase the Proposed Retrofits fuel consumption in Table 1. Annual Energy Costs by Fuel Type 5 PROPOSED ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES (EEM) Table 2 below summarizes the energy efficiency measures analyzed for the Venetie Head Start Building. Listed are the estimates of the annual savings, installed costs, and two different financial measures of investment return: the Savings Investment Ratio (SIR) and the retrofits’ Simple Payback. Green highlighted cells are high priority measures, yellow are medium priority, and orange highlighted cells are the lowest priority recommendations. Table 2: Priority List – Energy Efficiency Measures Rank Feature Recommendation Annual Energy Savings1 Installed Cost Savings to Investment Ratio, SIR2 Simple Payback (Years)3 1 Lighting: Overhead Fixtures Replace with lighting with direct wire, energy efficient LED bulbs. $698 + $25 Maint. Savings $3,100 3.65 4.3 2 Monitor Stove Troubleshoot the Monitor Stove and repair as a backup heating source. Program the stove to reduce the set temperature to 60°F when the building is not occupied. Cost estimate includes materials, shipping, and travel costs for a specialist from Fairbanks. $198 $1,350 1.74 6.8 3 Heating and Domestic Hot Water Replace existing stove with a higher efficiency model. The total includes estimated costs for the stove, freight, miscellaneous materials, and installation. Insulate all hot and cold water piping in the Kitchen. Cost estimate includes construction materials, shipping, and installation costs. $183 $2,610 1.05 14.3 4 Air Sealing Fill any gaps in the wood wall chinking, and around windows and doors. Install weather‐stripping around door and window frames as needed. Energy savings reflect a 5% reduction in draft. $19 $500 0.32 26.7 5 Window: Bathroom Replace the broken window with low‐E, argon‐filled fiberglass or insulated vinyl framed window. $10 $545 0.29 51.9 TOTAL for all measures $1,108 + $25 Maint. Savings $8,105 2.06 7.2 TOTAL for high priority measures $1,079 + $25 Maint. Savings $7,060 2.32 6.4 6 Table Notes: 1 Maintenance savings were calculated by determining the approximate number and cost of fluorescent bulbs that would need to be replaced over the lifetime of an equivalent LED bulb, and then adding that subtotal to the cost of labor for changing each bulb. The total was divided over the lifespan of the LED equivalent bulb. Note: the LED lifespan is capped at 30 years. A value of $25 per hour was estimated for local labor. The length of time for changing each bulb was estimated at 10 minutes. 2 Savings to Investment Ratio (SIR) is the total savings over the life of a project (for example: changing a light bulb) divided by its investment costs (materials, labor, shipping, etc.). The SIR shows how profitable a project will be; the higher the SIR, the more profitable the project. An SIR greater than 1.0 indicates a cost‐ effective project (i.e. more savings than cost). Note: the project’s SIR is related to the rest of the Energy Efficiency Measures (EEM) above and the calculation assumes that projects are completed in the same order as in the table. 3 Simple Payback (SP) is the estimated length of time needed to recoup the initial investment cost of the project. Note: this does not account for accrued interest from loans or any future changes in energy prices. The wood stove upgrade recommended above is one solution to balance residents’ needs, fuel efficiency, and improved air quality. There are numerous models available that will serve this purpose, and still meet or exceed the building’s current heating requirements. Note: Wood stoves may contribute to poor indoor air quality. Long‐term exposure to poor indoor air quality may increase the risk of developing respiratory conditions, particularly in young children and elders. Steps should be taken to properly monitor and ventilate buildings with woodstoves, regardless of any potential improvements to the building shell. Burning dry, cured wood whenever possible will reduce particulate emissions at its source. Additional Recommendations (not included in Table 2) Appliances: Combine the contents of the refrigerators and freezers, and unplug the appliances when not needed. Window film: Applying shrink‐wrap film may reduce air/heat loss through the windows. Thermal curtains: Installing thermally insulating or heavy curtains may reduce air/heat loss through the windows. 7 FACILITY DESCRIPTION Building Occupancy Schedules The building is used as an office and Head Start event space Monday through Friday 9:00 AM to 7:00 PM. There is usually only one person in the building unless a special event is planned. Building Shell The exterior walls are log construction. Each log is approximately 12 inches in diameter. The building has a cathedral ceiling with about 9.5 inches of R‐30 fiberglass batt. The cathedral roof cavity and exterior appears to be well sealed. The floor of the building is constructed on short pilings above an insulated crawlspace. There is an estimated 9.5 inches of R‐30 fiberglass batt between the exterior and interior subfloors. The crawlspace is well sealed. Typical windows throughout the building are double paned, low‐ E windows with an insulated fiberglass or vinyl frame. The Venetie Head Start Building has a main entrance door and a rear exit. Both doors are fiberglass with a polyurethane core. Neither door has a window. Heating Systems The heating systems used in the building are: Wood Stove Nameplate Information: Kimbak Products, Inc. barrel‐style stove Fuel Type: Cord wood (spruce) Input Rating: 32,292 BTU/hr. (approximate) Steady State Efficiency: 40 ‐ 60 % (depending on the cord wood moisture) Idle Loss: 10 % Heat Distribution Type: Air Monitor 2400 Oil‐Fired Furnace Fuel Type: #1 Oil Input Rating: 43,000 BTU/hr. Steady State Efficiency: 86.5 % Idle Loss: 0 % Heat Distribution Type: Air Head Start Building wood stove. 8 Electric Space Heater Fuel Type: Electricity Input Rating: 1500 W Steady State Efficiency: 100 % Idle Loss: 0 % Heat Distribution Type: Air Electric Hot Water Heater Nameplate Information: American Water Heaters ProLine Water Heater Fuel Type: Electricity Input Rating: 1500 W Steady State Efficiency: 100 % Idle Loss: 0 % Heat Distribution Type: Water Boiler Operation: Used infrequently Lighting There are a total of 16 light fixtures in the building. The lights use an estimated 2,666 kWh annually. Table 3: Lighting in the Venetie Head Start Building Lighting Number of Bulbs Fixture Type Location(s) 4’ 4‐bulb Fluorescent Fixtures 36 Overhead lighting Throughout building LED Christmas Light Strands Approximately 6 strands Christmas lights Main event room and office area BioCube Fish Tank Light 1 Appliance Main event room Major Equipment Below is a list of the major equipment in the Venetie Head Start Building. The appliances and equipment use an estimated 2,422 kWh annually. Table 4: Major Appliances and Equipment in the Venetie Head Start Building Equipment Rating (Watts) Annual Usage (kWh) GE Top‐Freezer Refrigerator 650 (maximum) 480 Kenmore Chest Freezer (assumed 15.6 cu. ft.) ‐ 306 Kenmore Side‐Freezer Refrigerator 817 (maximum) 642 Kenmore Stove Hood 216 39.4 (estimated) Electric Range and Oven 9,500 62 Sharp Microwave 1,200 156.5 Kenmore Microwave 1,700 44.4 Hamilton Beach Coffee Maker 950 (maximum) 123.9 9 HP Desktop Computer and Monitor 53 138.3 HP Photosmart 7520 Desktop Printer 27.7 3.6 Sony Clock Radio 15 39.1 Cordless Phone and Walkie Talkie 3.8 33.2 Aquarium Pump 2 17.5 Aquarium Submersible Tank Heater 1 19.6 Miscellaneous Audio Equipment and Instruments 20 (estimated) 0.5 Ceiling Fan 36 0.1 Ametek 2‐stage Transfer Tank Blower 1,032 26.9 Sewage Tank Heat Trace 105 (estimated) 229.6 Sewage Discharge Pipe Heat Trace 18 (estimated) 59 PROJECT FINANCING The total estimated cost of the recommended EEM’s is $8,105. The payback for the implemented EEM’s is approximately 2.06 years. ANTHC is willing to assist the community with acquiring funds to complete the scope of work recommended in this energy audit. There are several options for financing energy efficiency projects within the State of Alaska. These include the use of grants, loans, and other funding opportunities. Below is some information on potential funding opportunities. Energy Efficiency Revolving Loan Program – This is a loan administered by the Alaska Housing Finance Corporation (AHFC) for use by any applicant who is also the owner of the building where the work will take place. It provides a loan for permanent energy‐efficiency projects with a completion window of one year. Sustainable Energy Transmission and Supply Program – This is a loan administered by the Alaska Energy Authority (AEA) for a government, business, or other organized body of people. It provides a loan for energy‐efficiency or power transmission or distribution projects. USDA‐RD Communities Facilities Direct Loan & Grant Program ‐ This is a loan or grant provided by the US Department of Agriculture – Rural Development (USDA‐RD) for any essential community facility in a rural area. It provides a loan or grant to develop essential community facilities with upgrades or equipment for improvement. 10 MEASUREMENT AND VERIFICATION The actual results of these recommendations can be measured by collecting and monitoring energy use. This information is available on the monthly bills provided by the local electric utility and the local fuel oil supplier. Collecting data and performing a historical comparison is the simplest method of validating the energy and cost savings seen by the measures. Additionally, active remote monitoring systems are available that can collect and store data regarding energy and fuel usage. These systems allow the user to track the usage in real time and can be shared more easily with partners across the state. 11 APPENDICES Appendix A – Energy Billing Data 1. Electricity Billing Data Electric Utility: Venetie Village Electric Date Reading Usage (kWh) Charge January 2017 31556 4 $3.60 February 2017 31649 93 $83.70 March 2017 31707 58 $52.20 April 2017 31708 1 $0.90 May 2017 No reading ‐ ‐ June 2017 No reading ‐ ‐ July 2017 No reading ‐ ‐ August 2017 No reading ‐ ‐ September 2017 No reading ‐ ‐ October 2017 31509 203 $182.70 November 2017 31509 0 $0.00 December 2017 No reading ‐ ‐ Note: The charge above is the cost of electricity before the PCE subsidy is applied. 2. #1 Fuel Oil (Diesel) Billing Data Fuel Company: Venetie Village Council Year Gallons Price per Gallon Total 2017 4.5 $9.00 $40.50 3. Spruce Cord Wood Usage (estimated) Date Usage (cord) Charge January 2017 1.33 $199.50 February 2017 1.33 $199.50 March 2017 1.33 $199.50 April 2017 0.67 $100.50 May 2017 0 ‐ June 2017 0 ‐ July 2017 0 ‐ August 2017 0 ‐ September 2017 0.67 $100.50 October 2017 1.33 $199.50 November 2017 1.33 $199.50 December 2017 1.33 $199.50 12 Appendix B – Energy Audit Report – Project Summary ENERGY AUDIT REPORT – PROJECT SUMMARY General Project Information PROJECT INFORMATION AUDITOR INFORMATION Building: Venetie Head Start Building Auditor Company: Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium Address: Venetie Auditor Name: Kevin Ulrich City: Venetie Auditor Address: 4500 Diplomacy Drive Anchorage, AK 99508 Client Name: Patrick (PJ) Hanson Client Address: P.O. Box 8119 Venetie, AK Auditor Phone: (907) 729‐3237 Auditor FAX: (907) 729‐3509 Client Phone: (907) 849‐8212 Auditor Comment: Assistant auditor: Kelli Whelan, MS Environmental Eng. (907) 729‐3723, kmwhelan@anthc.org. Client FAX: (907) 849‐8097 Design Data Building Area: 1,018 square feet Design Space Heating Load: Design Loss at Space: 30,278 Btu/hour with Distribution Losses: 30,278 Btu/hour Plant Input Rating assuming 82.0% Plant Efficiency and 25% Safety Margin: 46,156 Btu/hour Note: Additional Capacity should be added for DHW and other plant loads, if served. Typical Occupancy: 1 person Design Indoor Temperature: 70° F (building average) Actual City: Venetie Design Outdoor Temperature: ‐49.4° F Weather/Fuel City: Venetie Heating Degree Days: 15,409° F‐days Utility Information Electric Utility: Venetie Village Electric #1 Fuel Oil (Diesel) Provider: Venetie Village Council Average Annual Cost/kWh: $0.900/kWh Average Annual Cost/gal.: $9.00/gallon Annual Energy Cost Estimate Description Space Heating Water Heating Ventilation Fans Lighting Refrigeration Other Electrical Total Cost Existing Building $1,550 $145 $5 $2,400 $1,285 $860 $6,244 With Proposed Retrofits $1,179 $106 $5 $1,701 $1,285 $860 $5,136 Savings $371 $39 $0 $698 $0 $0 $1,108 Building Benchmarks Description EUI (kBTU/sq. ft.) EUI/HDD (BTu/sq. ft./HDD) ECI ($/sq. ft.) Existing Building 177.1 11.50 $6.13 With Proposed Retrofits 123.8 8.03 $5.04 EUI: Energy Use Intensity ‐ The annual site energy consumption divided by the structure’s conditioned area. EUI/HDD: Energy Use Intensity per Heating Degree Day. ECI: Energy Cost Index ‐ The total annual cost of energy divided by the square footage of the conditioned space in the building. 13 Appendix C – Actual Fuel Use versus Modeled Fuel Use The graphs below show the modeled energy usage results of the energy audit process compared to the actual energy usage report data. The model was completed using AkWarm modeling software. The orange bars show actual fuel use, and the blue bars are AkWarm’s prediction of fuel use. Annual Fuel Use Electricity Fuel Use 14 #1 Fuel Oil Fuel Use Note: The yellow bar represents the total amount of fuel purchased in 2017. Cord Wood Fuel Use Note: The cord wood usage was estimated based on an interview with the Head Start coordinator input. 15 Appendix D ‐ EUI Calculation Details Venetie Village Electric currently provides electricity to the residents of Venetie as well as to all commercial and public facilities. The Venetie Village Council is the local fuel distributor. The average cost for each type of fuel used in this building is shown in Table D‐1 below. This figure includes all surcharges, subsidies, and utility customer charges: Table D‐1: Energy Cost Rates for each Fuel Type Average Energy Cost (as of March 2018) Description Average Energy Cost Electricity $ 0.90/kWh #1 Oil $ 9.00/gallons Cord Wood (Spruce) $150/cord Table D‐2 shows the calculated results for the building Energy Use Index (EUI), which determines the total energy usage for a type of building for comparison with other buildings of the same type. This allows the user to determine the relative energy use of a building in relation to others of the same type or use. Table D‐2: EUI Building Calculations for the Venetie Head Start Building Energy Type Building Fuel Use per Year Site Energy Use per Year, kBTU Source/Site Ratio Source Energy Use per Year, kBTU Electricity 5,449 kWh 18,596 3.340 62,111 Cord Wood (Spruce) 8.94 cords 161,767 1.000 161,767 #1 Oil 0 gallons 0 1.010 0 Total 180,362 223,877 BUILDING AREA 1,018 Square Feet BUILDING SITE EUI 177 kBTU/Ft²/Yr. BUILDING SOURCE EUI 220 kBTU/Ft²/Yr. * Site ‐ Source Ratio data is provided by the Energy Star Performance Rating Methodology for Incorporating Source Energy Use document issued March 2011. Table D‐3 shows information on common energy use benchmarks used to characterize the efficiency of a building. Table D‐3: Building Benchmarks for the Venetie Head Start Building Building Benchmarks Description EUI (kBTU/sq. ft.) EUI/HDD (BTU/sq. ft./HDD) ECI ($/sq. ft.) Existing Building 177.1 11.50 $6.13 With Proposed Retrofits 123.8 8.03 $5.04 EUI: Energy Use Intensity ‐ The annual site energy consumption divided by the structure’s conditioned area. EUI/HDD: Energy Use Intensity per Heating Degree Day. ECI: Energy Cost Index ‐ The total annual cost of energy divided by the square footage of the conditioned space in the building. 16 Appendix C – Materials List and Labor Estimation Tables E‐1 and E‐2: ANTHC Materials List and Cost Estimation for the Venetie Head Start Building EEM’s Energy Retrofit Required Materials Quantitya Cost per Item Total Materials Cost Total Project Costb Shell Improvement: Bathroom Window Low‐E, argon‐filled insulated vinyl window 1 $148.00 $300.00 $545 Additional shims, insulation, finishing materials Order as needed ‐ Lighting LED T‐8 equivalent light bulbs with one tombstone per bulb 40 $16.74 $669.50 $1,670 Air sealing Weather stripping, caulking ‐ ‐ $200.00 $560 Insulating foam sealant 5 $4.95 $24.80 Heating and Domestic Hot Water New wood stove 1 $1,249.00 $1,249.00 $2,800 Additional flue pipe, flooring materials for stove replacement Order as needed ‐ $750.00 Troubleshoot and repair Monitor Stove as a backup Order as needed ‐ $50.00 $583 Foam pipe insulation and foil tape Order as needed ‐ $50.00 $108 a 10% surplus included. bProject costs include materials, freight (15% of materials cost, and labor) 17 Contractor (LED installation and Monitor repair) Local Labor Category Cost ($) Cost ($) Labor 2,200 1,075 Materials 720 2,574 Freight 108 386 Travelc 1,160 ‐ Indirectd 1,256 ‐ Subtotal $5,444 $4,035 Grand Total $9,480 c Travel costs for a certified electrician and a heating specialist: airfare from Fairbanks, two nights lodging, and per diem ($80 per day). d Indirect rate is 30% (of the total estimated labor, travel, materials, and freight costs). This represents an estimate of contractor profit, insurance, and bonding costs. 18 Appendix D – Example Materials Window Example: Jeld‐Wen 23.5 in. x 35.5 in. V‐4500 Series Single Hung Vinyl Window 1. Dimensions Grid Width (in.) None Product Width (in.) 23.5 Jamb Depth (in.) 3.25 Rough Opening Height (in.) 36 Product Depth (in.) 3.25 Rough Opening Width (in.) 24 Product Height (in.) 35.5 Width (in.) x Height (in.) 23.5 x 35.5 2. Details Exterior Color/Finish Family White Number of Locks 1 Features Argon gas insulated, integrated nail fin, low‐E glass, screen included, tilt‐in cleaning Privacy Glass No Frame Material Vinyl Product Weight (lb.) 30 lb. Glazing Type Double‐pane Solar Heat Gain Coefficient 0.34 Grid Pattern None Tinted Glass No Hardware Color/Finish Family White U‐Factor 0.29 Interior Color/Finish Family White Window Type Single Hung Lock Type Lift handle Window Use Type New construction, replacement 3. Warranty/Certifications Energy Star Qualified Northern Manufacturer Warranty Lifetime limited 19 Lighting EarthLED T‐8 or T‐12 Equivalent Bulbs EarthLED Total Product Insight Performance Specifications REPLACEMENT FOR: T8 OR T12 4 FOOT FLUORESCENT TUBE BRIGHTNESS (LUMENS): 2000 COLOR TEMPERATURE: 4000K | 5000K COLOR ACCURACY (CRI): 80 DIMENSIONS 1.02” X 47.2” POWER CONSUMPTION: 18 WATTS VOLTAGE: 120-277 VOLTS DIMMABLE: NO Dimensions / Additional Data CERTIFICATIONS: UL, DESIGNLIGHTS (DLC) PRODUCT/ORDER CODE: 4000K - 18WT8P-4F-40K-BYP 5000K - 18WT8P-4F-50K-BYP Lifespan / Cost To Run PROJECTED LIFE: @3 HRS/DAY 50,000 HRS YEARLY ENERGY COST: 3 HRS/DAY @ .11 KWH $2.17 WARRANTY 5 YEAR THINKLUX LIGHTING LIMITED WARRANTY EARTHLED PRODUCT PROTECTION PLAN IS AVAILABLE 20 Heating Example Wood Stove: Osburn Freestanding 1600 Wood Stove Maximum log length: 17'' Log positioning: Over width Chimney diameter: 6" Flue outlet diameter: 6" Minimum chimney height (feet): 12' Baffle type: C‐Cast Approved for a mobile home installation: Yes Shipping Weight: 360 lb (163 kg) Door type: Single, glass with cast iron frame Glass type: Ceramic glass Glass surface – dimensions (Width X Height): 15'' X 8 3/8'' Glass air‐wash system: Yes Overall dimension (Height): 32 3/8'' Overall dimension (Width): 25'' Overall dimension (Depth): 26 1/2'' Door opening – dimension (Height): 8 3/8'' Door opening ‐ dimension (Width): 15 5/8'' Firebox – dimension (Height): 12 7/8'' Firebox – dimension (Width): 18 1/8'' Firebox – dimension (Depth): 14 3/4'' Firebox lined with refractory bricks for better heat distribution: Yes Stainless‐steel secondary‐air system improving gas combustion: Yes Model: Pedestal Steel thickness – body: 3/16" Steel thickness – top: 5/16" Centre line of flue outlet to the side: 12 1/2'' Centre line of flue outlet to the back: 7 7/8'' Easy‐to‐access ash drawer: Yes USA standard (emissions): EPA 21 Canadian Standard (emissions): CSA B415.1‐10 USA standard (safety): UL 1482 Canadian standard (safety) ULC S627 Tested and listed as per applicable standards: By an accredited laboratory (CAN/USA) Warranty: Limited lifetime 22 Appendix G – Additional Photos of the Venetie Head Start Building Flush/haul system “dog house” sewage tank on the exterior of the Head Start Building. Electric heat trace runs down through the discharge pipe and along the bottom of the holding tank. Sewage tank outlet and exterior insulation. 23 COWATER flush/haul system controls. 24 Uninsulated plumbing in the Head Start kitchen. FLIR thermal imaging of the building main entrance. The color gradient on the right depicts the temperature range of the photo (‐40° F to ‐7° F). Colors in the higher end of the gradient indicate where heat is being lost. The red spot on the ground in front of the building is a cat. 25 FLIR thermal imaging of the side of the building (where the fuel oil tank is). The color gradient on the right depicts the temperature range of the photo (‐40° F to ‐9.9° F). The highest temperature in the photo a reflection off of the fuel tank. FLIR thermal imaging of the building rear exit. The color gradient on the right depicts the temperature range of the photo (‐40° F to ‐9.3° F). 26 Close up thermal image of the building’s rear exit. The color gradient on the right depicts the temperature range of the photo (‐40° F to ‐1.2° F). Note the areas of heat emission (white) at the roof and the left corner of the wall. FLIR thermal imaging of the side of the building. The color gradient on the right depicts the temperature range of the photo (‐40° F to ‐9.9° F). The window sashes are not well‐insulated (white areas above the window panes).