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Jack West Associates
ENGINEERING ·CONSULTING & CONSTRUCTIOfl!
Mr. Gary D. Smith
Faci I ity Coordinator
KODIAK ISLAND BOROUGH
Box 1246
Kodiak, Alaska 99615
Mr. Smith:
BOX 471F, SRA
ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 99507
1907) 344·3907
September 26, 1980
Transmitted here is a reconnaissance level report describing
the micro-hydroelectric potential of the "unnamed" stream and
small lake just northwest of the village of Akhiok.
My thanks for the assistance provided by your office, Ned and
Elaine Griffin of Akhiok School, Costia lnga and other residents
of Akhiok in conducting the field trip and providing information
of value in preparing this report.
JW:mbk2
cc: Roy Barkwel I
Fryer : Pressley E I I i ott
222t/FEs
West, P. E.
~~w.a~ ~A~NP.
RECEIVED
(,\. r 1 iqon Vv ~ .l. vOU
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Conclusions and Recommendations .
Akhiok -Present Electrical Generation and Potential
Alternatives ....... .
Project Concept -Micro-Hydroelectric
Energy Capacity Estimate
Surficial Geology ..
Costing and Economics
Hydro I ogy .
Environmental Factors
Land Ownership
Permit Process
Appendix
Page No.
2
5
7
11
13
15
20
24
25
28
15
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TRINITY ISLANDS (D-l) QUADRANGLE
ALASKA-KODIAK ISLAND BOROUGH
163 360 SERIES {TOPOGRAPHIC)
32. . ·;·-.. :~--34 / •• ~-,·;! ' :·. ·-._.· 3' 3 ·S:: -;> ·, -.. :::::3 ~~ · ,.._. _ , ,,~. ou nd-
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-1-
CONTOUR INTERVAL 100 FEET
DASHED LINES REPRESENT 50-fOOT CONTOURS
NmONAl. G£0DETIC VERTICAL DATUM Of 1929
DEPTH CURVES IN FEET--DATUM IS M(AN lOWER lOt\ WA.TEP
SHORH.IN( StotOW"' R£PR:£S(NT$ 111[ "PPROXIMAT£ LIN{ OJ' Joi![~H t·HG'
TH[ A\l[f< ... Gl RA.NG£ Of TIOE IS APPJ;t0XJ~"T£L'1' 9 fEn
...... --------
CONCLUSIONS
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The "unnamed" stream and lake basin approximately two
miles northwest of Akhiok village has a hydroelectric
potential ranging from 100 -150 kW capacity for economic
development. The costs of significant dam and spil !way
works are I ike I y not justified for the amount of annua I
energy avai I able. The project is concepted 7 at the
reconnaissance level 7 for essentially run-of-the-river
production employing either a simp! ified diversion pool
or a shallow lake-tapping penstock buried below the pre-
sent lake outlet grade.
The project 7 as concepted 7 has economic benefits compared
to alternative diesel generation (see Figure 3 of this
report).
An economically and technically feasible overland trans-
mission route to Akhiok vi I lage from the powerhouse loca-
tion exists. The transmission scheme se I ected for pur-
poses of the reconnaissance is a "single-wire-sea-return"
overhead I ine of about 2.5 miles length.
The land containing the lake 7 drainage area and power
transmission route has been se I ected by the Natives of
Akhiok 7 Inc. under provisions of the Alaska Native Claims
Sett I ement Act. A portion near the stream out I et has
been claimed by an individual native. These applications
are in various states of review and conveyance. The land
was previously within the bounds of the Kodiak National
Wildlife Refuge.
The single greatest obstacle to project development 7
which is obvious at the reconnaissance level 7 is the
question of compatibility with the resource of anadromous
fish spawning in the drainage basin. Both pink and chum
- 2 -
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salmon ascend the entire stream length (1.5 miles) to the
lake at nominal elevation 350 feet above mean sea level.
The project potentia I does not appear to have dramatic
economic benefits, and cautious procedure is warranted.
No other significant potential hydroelectric power sites
were identified, at this reconnaissance I eve I, for the
Akhiok area. Some high-head streams, without headwater
lakes, I ie a few miles northeast of Akhiok.
RECOMMENDATIONS
As a result of the field investigation and very preliminary
research at the reconnaissance level the following recommenda-
tions are presented:
0
0
0
The findings of this report be made ava i I ab I e to the
Alaska Power Authority (APA) for review and evaluation in
the more extensive "Kodiak Island Vi I lages Reconnaissance
Study of Energy Requirements and Alternatives" currently
being contracted by the APA. This study includes Akhiok
as a specific community.
The Kodiak Island Borough delay the expense of establish-
ing a U.S.G.S. stream gauge unti I the completion of the
APA study and further investigation into environmental
and land ownership questions.
The Kodiak Is I and Borough make efforts to es tab I ish a
minimal "staff-gauge" at the stream outlet and obtain as
many readings as practical over the next 6 -12 months.
Local Akhiok residents can be trained and compensated for
making these observations to avoid unnecessary expense.
- 3 -
0 Further significant effort and expenditure either for
engineering or the permit process, is premature at this
time. The Kodiak Is I and Borough is urged to await the
identification and evaluation of other energy alterna-
tives for Akhiok which may deve I op from the APA study.
-4 -
AKHIOK -PRESENT ELECTRICAL GENERATION
AND POTENTIAL ALTERNATIVES
A brief profile of Akhiok vi I lage is included in the Appendix.
The village presently generates its electricity with a single
55 kW; 3 phase Caterpi liar diesel-electric unit. In the inter-
ests of economy this generator is current I y shutdown between
11:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m., and operated typically about eight
(8) hours of the day. An underground distribution system using
concentric neutral, high voltage cable supplies, single phase,
pad-mounted transformers up to about 1;500 feet from the wood-
frame powerhouse building. No "as-bui It" drawings of the elec-
trical systems were available at the vi I I age for further
description. The underground distribution system has a
reported history of problems and outages.
The school and teachers' residence are separately supplied from
an independent wood-frame powerhouse bui !ding with two 12.5 kW;
single phase Witte diesel-electric generators. Typically the
school and residence are powered 24 hours/day about nine months
of the year. An add it i ona I 5 kW d i ese I -e I ectr i c generator is
on standby at the Vi I I age pumphouse. It shou I d be noted that
the Kodiak Is I and Borough present I y pI ans for construction of
a new combined primary-secondary educat i ona I fac iIi ty for the
community in 1981-82. This new faci I ity wi II alter electric
power requirements for the Borough-operated school faci I ity
system.
The generating pI ants described above are not of I ong-1 i fe,
continuous (base load) design due to their BMEP and speed rat-
ings. Under its present use pattern the vi I I age 55 kW unit
wou I d I ike I y require major repairs or unit rep I acement every
3 -5 years.
- 5 -
The potential electrical generation alternatives for Akhiok
identifiable at the reconnaissance level are:
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Hydroelectric (this report)
Wind Turbine
Diesel Electric with Improved Efficiency and Waste Heat
Recovery
This report focuses on the micro-hydroelectric potential of a
specific site, but some consideration to future wind-turbine
generation is provided in the Project Concept.
No other significant potential hydroelectric power sites were
identified at this reconnaissance I eve I for the Akhiok area.
Another potentia I site near Tungu I ara Mountain was identified
from aerial photos, but appears to have approximately the same
size drainage area and is several miles more distant from
Akhiok.
- 6 -
PROJECT CONCEPT -MICRO-HYDROELECTRIC
Severa I a I ternat i ve deve I opment schemes were brief I y ana I yzed
for this report. Due to the minimum water flows of the basin,
the development was I imited to lowest first-cost concepts.
Field examinations revealed no bedrock or natural geologic
structures to a I I ow an inexpensive I ow dam for regu I at ion of
seasonal flows (refer to Surficial Geology, this report). An
earth fi I led or low-cost crib structure dam was discarded from
analysis due to the high regional seismic activity and the
presence of seasona I resident i a I and commercia I bu i I dings at
the tidewater foot of the stream.
The project concept for this report is shown in plan (Figure 1)
and profile (Figure 2). The major features of the project are:
1. A simply constructed diversion pool and trash screen
at the I ake to assure penstock immersion at I owest
water levels.
2. A 12 11 diameter penstock of about 8,000 feet length
from the lake to powerhouse near tidewater. The pen-
stock to be equipped with necessary manual gate
valves at both lake and powerhouse ends.
3. A prefabricated sheet metal powerhouse building,
nominally 12' x 12', on a concrete foundation,
located at the penstock end about 300 feet below lake
level.
4. A pel ton-type turbine generator, rated nominally
125 kW continuous, with associated governors, voltage
regu I a tor and switchgear. (A I ternat i ve I y an i nduc-
tion generator can be used if other voltage and fre-
quency contra I I i ng generators supp I y i ng Akhiok are
intertied.)
- 7 -
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5. A step-up transformer and nominal 15 kV., 2.5 mile
long, "single-wire-sea-return" overhead transmission
I ine to Akhiok vi I lage.
AI I of the above features are conventional with the exception
of the transmission system. The A I aska DEPD is current I y en-
gaged in demonstrating the techn i ca I and economic feas i b i I i ty
of a "single-wire-earth-return" transmission I ine from Bethel
to Napakiak (western A I aska). The resu Its of this project
should be available in late 1980 or early 1981 and wi I I further
determine the credibility of the concept proposed here. Sub-
stitution of a "sea-return" for the "earth-return 11 is believed
to be reasonab I e. However, the cost of sea e I ectrodes and
environmental and safety considerations may warrant a two-wire
I i ne.
Submarine cab I e routes from the site to Akhiok were examined
surficial Jy in the field. Some excel lent routes exist., but the
prohibitive cost of submarine cables and the difficulty of
res tor a I of these when "fau I ted" prec I uded their se I ect ion for
this analysis and report.
Of part i cuI ar note is the se I ect ion of a transmission route
that might allow an economic and physically simple intertie
with a future wind-turbine(s) in the 30 -100 kW class. The
concept transmission route passes within 1/4 mile of a 545-foot
high "knob" located about 3/4 mile northwest of Akhiok. Buried
cables from a wind-turbine(s) located on this hi II could be
interconnected with the hydro source and other generation at
Akhiok. An induction generator could be used at the wind-
turbine provided frequency and voltage on the transmission line
are contro I I ed from either the hydroe I ectr i c power pI ant or
other generation at Akhiok.
-10 -
ENERGY CAPACITY ESTIMATE
No stream gauging or stream flow measurements are available for
the basin. During field investigation (August 31~ 1980)
streamflow was estimated by the engineers at 5 -7 cfs? by mea-
suring relatively uniform stream cross sectional areas and
stop-watch estimates of velocity. Sections of the stream were
checked near tidewater (7 csf) and the lake (5 cfs). A few
days of I i ght but steady rain had been experienced just prior
to the field site visit.
An attempt was made to estimate the basin annual run-off pat-
tern by correlation to other Kodiak Island drainage basins.
(Refer to Hydrology section of this report.) Additionally~ the
U.S.G.S. Water Atlas simplified calculation method was used to
reI ate precipitation to run-off. The best figures that could
be developed at the reconnaissance level for this report are as
fo I I ows:
0 Mean Annual Discharge 3.50 cfs
0 Mean Annual Peak Monthly Flow 10.40 cfs
0 Mean Annual Low Monthly Flow 0.69 cfs
0 Mean Annual Peak Flow Not Estimated
No flood estimates were attempted as the project was concepted
does not include a dam or works that would be effected? and
hydrology data was too minimal.
-11 -
The above flowsJ when combined with the project concept fea-
tures~ result in the following project figures:
Preliminary Project Estimates
Intake Elevation +350 ft. (MSL)
Powerhouse Elevation 50 ft. (MSL)
Penstock Diameter/Length 12"/8JOOO ft.
Penstock Water Velocity Range 3 -15 FPS
Head Loss (Average) 10 ft.
Net Effective Head (Average) 290 ft.
Average Annual Capacity 57 kW
(80% efficient turbo-generator)
Peak Annual Capacity 170 kW
Average Annual Energy 370,000 kWh
(8 months @ 57 kW)(2 months @ 30 kW)
Instal led Capacity (Best Economics) 125 kW
-12 -
SURFICIAL GEOLOGY
Examination of aer i a I photographs and the on-site reconna is-
sance reveals that the topography of the area in the vicinity
of the drainage area may have been formed by g I ac i a I action.
The basic U-shape of the upper drainage and arete like appear-
ance of surrounding hills are foremost in the assumption that
the lake may be contained in a glacially formed cirque. Exam-
ination of the few areas where the local soi Is were visible
revealed a sand and gravel-type soi I with varying amounts of
fines closely resembling glacial ti I I.
During the on-site reconnaissance of the unnamed lake and
stream near Akhiok no exposed bedrock was observed. Dense
waste-high grasses prevented examination of soi Is in alI but a
few places.
Examination of aer i a I photographs indicates that near-surface
bedrock may be present in the immediate vicinity of the I ake
although no estimate of depth has been made. Most critical to
any economic consideration of a sma I I concrete dam for I ake
regu I at ion is the existence of surface or near-surface compe-
tent bedrock into which the structure may be keyed. A possible
dam site was examined and flagged starting approximately 100
yards from the lake outlet to approximately 250 yards from the
outlet (see Figure 1). In this area the stream was constrained
by a narrow gorge of approximately 15 feet high by 70 feet
wide. Again~ no bedrock was found to crop out in this area.
S i nee it is fe It? at this reconnaissance I eve I~ that the cost
of a concrete dam would outweigh the economic benefit derived
from the advantages of reserve i r regu I at ion~ it is not in i-
t i a I I y recommended that the Borough proceed with a dr iII i ng
program. Should further study indicate a concrete dam may have
economic merit~ then the bedrock profile of above mentioned
-13 -
section of the stream should be obtined. From this~ the basic
dimensions of a dam may be calculated for costing purposes. As
previously stated 1 the construction of an earth fi I I structure
has been dismissed due to the high seismic potentia I of the
area as wei I as the existence of the residence and smal I com-
mercial fishing structures at the stream outlet.
A I though no bedrock was observed in the area of the I ake ~
reg i ona I geo I og i c maps indicate the Akhiok area is comprised
of a Late Jurassic to Cretaceous marine graywacke and slate.1
This correlates wei I with the graywacke 1 shale 1 and slate
observed in creek bottom rocks and outcrops near Akhiok proper.
Neither the on-site reconnaissance nor regional geologic maps
indicate the presence of permafrost.1
1 Alaska Regional Profiles (Southcentral)
University of Alaska (AEIDC)
-14 -
COSTING AND ECONOMICS
The preliminary cost estimates presented here are intended to
be as realistic as possible. Obviously they are very prelimi-
nary and ·are based on minimal information avai !able at the
reconnaissance I eve I . Major env i ronmenta I obstac I es cou I d so
penalize the project as to preclude its economic merit.
Pre I iminary Cost Estimates
1. Initial Permit Process~ including environ-
mental analysis and FERC "short form 11
2. Project Construction:
3.
4.
Diversion Works
Penstock & Trush Anchors
Valves
Powerhouse
Turbine Generator
Controls and Switchgear
Step-up Substation
2.5 Miles SWSR Overhead Line
Sub-Total
Engineering
Interest During Construction (1 Yr. @ 8%)
Total
$ 50JOOO
50~000
800~000
20JOOO
15~000
80~000
30,000
25~000
125,000
$1,195JOOO
105,000
50,000
$1,350,000
Using these cost estimates a very preliminary estimate of the
project economic benefits can be made based on a I ternat i ve
diesel-electric generation.
-15 -
Figure 3 shows the 15-year cost of alI energy from the micro-
hydroelectric project as compared to alternative diesel-
electric generation costs for the same energy quantity over the
same period. Methodo I ogy for this comparison is as fo I I ows:
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Methodology
Comparison Period
General Escalation at
Fuel Escalation at
Capital Investment Interest at
1980 Fuel Cost at Akhiok at
Micro-hydroelectric on
I ine date @ capital cost
Micro-hydroelectric
ammortization period at
Diesel-electric Replacement
Interval at
1980 Diesel Unit Replacement
Cost
15 Years (1982-96 incl.)
6% per Year
10% per Year
8% per Year
$2.20 per Gallon
1982/$1,350,000
35 Years
5 Years
$400 per kW
Tables 1 and 2 display the data used to develop Figure 3 in
accordance with the methodo I ogy. This is a very simp I if i ed
economic comparison suitable for reconnaissance level work.
-16 -
110
,100
90
80
70
Cents
kWh 60
I
...... 50 ......,
I
40
30
20
10
1982
FIGURE 3
AKHIOK MICRO-HYDRO VS. DIESEL GENERATION
(15 Year Energy Cost Comparison)
370 lv!Wh/Year
Equivalent Production Costs-----
Diesel Generation
84 86 88 90 92
Year
94
Micro-hydroelectric
Production Costs
96
TABLE 1
15 YEAR COSTS -DIESEL GENERATION
(1 1 000's Dol Iars)
1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1995 Totals
(Capital Investment ------(26. 7) --------(35.8) --------(47.9)
1 -50 kW Unit Ea.
5 Year Interval)
Amortization Equal 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 11.6
Annual Payments
@ 8% Interest
...... Operation & 5.0 5.3 5.6 6.0 6.3 6.7 7.1 7.5 8.0 8.4 9.0 9.5 10.1 10.7 11.3 00
Maintenance
Fuel Cost 98.4 108.3 119.2 131.0 144.2 158.6 174.4 191.9 211.1 232.2 255.5 281.0 309.1 340.0 374.0
(10 kWh/Gallon)
Lube Oil @ 2% of 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.9 3.2 3.5 3.8 4.2 4.6 5.1 5.6 6.2 6.8 7.5
Fuel Cost
Total Annual Cost 110.2 120.7 132.1 144.5 159.9 175.0 191.5 209.7 229.8 254.0 278.4 304.9 334.2 366.3 404.4 3,416
Annual Energy 370 370 370 370 370 370 370 370 370 370 370 370 370 370 370 5,550
Production
(1 J QOO t S kWh I S)
Cost/kWh (Cents) 29.8 32.6 35.7 39.1 43.2 47.3 51.7 56.7 62.1 68.6 69.1 82.4 90.3 99.0 109.0 61.5
(Avg.)
1-'
TABLE 2
15 YEAR COSTS -MICRO-HYDROELECTRIC GENERATION
(l,OOO's Dol Iars)
1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1995 Totals
(Capital Investment)(1350)
*Annual
Amortization
Operation &
Maintenance
172.5 164.3 156.1 147.9 139.7 131.5 123.3 115.1 106.9 98.7 90.5 82.3 74.1 65.9 57.7 1,726.5
2.0 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.3 4.5
1.0 Fuel Cost
Lube Oil @ 2% of
Fuel Cost
Total Annual Cost 174.5 166.3 158.3 150.3 142.2 134.2 126.1 118.1 110.1 102.1 94.1 86.1 78.1 70.2 62.2
Annual Energy
Production
(1 ) 000 I S kWh 1 S)
370 370 370 370 370 370 370 370 370 370 370 370 370 370 370 5,550
Cost/kWh (Cents) 47.2 44.9 42.8 40.6 38.4 36.2 34.1 31.9 29.7 27.6 25.4 23.2 21.2 19.0 16.8 31.9
(Avg.)
* Annual Amortization @ 8% interest over 35 year payoff
displayed as uniform declining balance over 15 years.
HYDROLOGY
No records of previous stream gauging or other hydrologic study
concerning the unnamed stream or I ake near Akhiok were found
during the course of this work. Various reconnaissance I eve I
approximations of the characteristics of this drainage area
were made or extracted from sources outlined below and are as
follows:
Mean annual lake discharge
Mean annual peak monthly discharge
(June)
Mean annual low monthly discharge
(March)
Peak discharge
Measured discharge of lake
(Aug. 31, 1980)
Measured discharge at sea level
(August 31? 1980)
Total drainage area
Effective drainage area (drainage
area above lake outlet)
Elevation of lake
Surface area of lake
Depth of lake (local opinion)
Length of stream (lake to sea level)
Average slope of stream
3.5 cu. ft./sec.
10.4 cu. ft./sec.
0.69 cu. ft./sec.
Not estimated
5 cu. ft./sec.
7 cu. ft./sec.
1. 53 sq. m i .
0.625 sq. mi.
350 ft.
0.054 sq. mi.
25 ft.
l.Smi.
5%
The site visit and an analysis of maps and aerial photos indi-
cates the I ake has but the sing I e out I et considered for its
hydroelectric potential in this study. No major streams were
found to enter the I ake and the indicated I ake discharge is
considered to be directly attributable to sheet flow and smal I
stream runoff from the immediate area around the lake.
Effective Drainage Area, Figure 1.)
-20 -
(See
The total drop of the stream from lake outlet to sea level was
estimated from a U.S.G.S. quad sheet to be 350 feet over
approximately 1.5 miles. The on-site reconnaissance revealed
the stream descends its fu I I I ength at a fair I y uniform grade
(5%) without falls. Pink salmon were found to ascend the
entire stream length. The ~easured discharge of the lake out
I et on August 31 7 1980 was found to be approximate I y 5 cu.
ft./sec. August 31 stream discharge at sea level was measured
at approximately 7 cu. ft./sec.
A I though no records of any stream gauging in the Akhiok area
were found 7 several methods were used to approximate the stream
flow characteristics used in potential power calculations. The
mean annual discharge of 3.5 cu. ft./sec. for the 0.625 sq. mi.
effective drainage area was derived by use of the U.S.G.S.
Water Atlas simplified calculation. This seems to correlate
wei I with water resources data taken from the Alaska Regional
Profi les 1 (see Appendix). This source indicates the Akhiok
area probably experiences runoff as follows:
Mean Annual Runoff 6 cu. ft./sec./sq. mi.
Mean Annual Peak Runoff 75 cu. ft./sec./sq. mi.
Mean Annual Low Monthly Runoff 1 cu. ft./sec./sq. mi.
Mean Annual High Monthly Runoff Not Given
A mean annual runoff at 6 cu. ft./sec./sq. mi. equates to 3.75
cu. ft./sec. for a drainage of 0.625 sq. mi.
U.S.G.S. stream gauging data was obtained for streams in the
Larsen Bay area approximate I y 50 m i I es to the north on the
Shelikof Strait.
1 Alaska Regional Profiles (Southcentra1)
University of Alaska, AEIDC
-21 -
--
Stream Gauging data was analyzed for the following streams and
data is included in the Appendix.
0 Upper Thumb River
Drainage Area:
Water Years:
o canyon Creek
Drainage Area:
Water Years:
o Fa I Is Creek
Drainage Area:
Water Year:
18. 8 0 sq. m i .
1975, 1976, 1977, 1978
08.82 sq. mi.
1975, 1976
0 5. 6 7 sq. m i .
1975
A graphical compilation of this discharge data was constructed
to approximate the lake discharge distribution on a monthly
basis. The results of this approximation are displayed in
Figure 4. It is not meant to be an exact representation of
monthly discharge but rather an aid in estimating seasonal
power capacity.
The on-site reconnaissance showed no obvious evidence of much
higher flows such as overflow or scour marks.
No estimate was made as to the proportion of precipitation
entering the drainage which I eaves through the I ake discharge
and that which may enter the groundwater table not exiting the
drainage area through the lake outlet.
-22 -
~:::....,__---l-----1§}
---,
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
The env i ronmenta I cons i drat ions for the deve I opment of this
hydroelectric project are significant.
The field investigation revealed late summer presence of spawn-
ing pink sa I mon. Spawned out sa I mon remains were found fu I I
length on the stream to the lake outlet.
Brown bears inhabit the entire drainage and their active
presence was evident from digsJ tracks and salmon feeding rem-
nants.
The magnitude and value of the salmon resource and the question
of compatibi I ity of a hydroelectric development with this
resourceJ cannot be addressed at the reconnaissance level.
Major mitigation measures to assure compatibi I ity may economi-
cally panal ize the project to the point where it is infeasible.
One of the recommendations of this report is to further inves-
tigate the environmental factors as a "next-step".
-24 -
LAND OWNERSHIP
A preliminary search of Bureau of Land Management records was
performed to assess the status of land ownership for the drain-
age area and power transmission route for the potential hydro-
electric power project addressed in this work. The results of
this pre I i m i nary search indicate that the drainage area and
proposed power transmission route are on lands previously con-
tained within the bounds of the Kodiak National Wildlife
Refuge~ which have been subsequently made available for indi-
vidual and corporate native land selection under provisions of
the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act. To date~ alI of the
I and containing the drainage area shown in Figure 1 and power
transmission route have been selected by the Natives of Akhiok,
Inc. and a native individual (surface estate only). These
applications are in various stages of review and/or conveyance
as out! ined below (see Appendix for BLM documents). It should
be noted at this time that BLM personnel indicated that their
records may not be comp I ete I y up-to-date, due to the massive
effort current I y underway to process State and native I and
selection applications. Any future permit processing which may
be initiated wi I I need to further address land ownership
status .
. The drainage area and power transmission route for the proposed
f
hydroelectric project are contained within Sections 18? 19? 20,
21, 28, 29, and 30 of the unsurveyed Township 37 South, Range
31 West of the Seward Meridian, Alaska. The land in the imme-
diate vicinity of the vi I lage of Akhiok is contained within the
bounds of U.S. Surveys 567, 4926~ and 4957. (See Appendix for
BLM documents.)
The drainage area and power transmission route for the hydro-
electric project addressed in this work are public lands placed
in the Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge by Executive Order No.
-25 -
8857, August 19, 1941, and I ater revised by Pub I i c Land Order
No. 1634, May 9, 1958. Pub I i c Land Order No. 1634 excepted
from the withdrawal an area one mile square surrounding the
vi I lage of Akhiok.
After passage of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act
(1971), the land containing the drainage area and power trans-
mission route was made avai fable for native corporation selec-
tion and individual native selection.
The above-referenced sections were selected and conveyed to the
Natives of Akhiok, Inc. by Interim Conveyance No. 1~5, Novem-
ber 31, 1978, as follows:
T. 37 S., R. 31 w., Seward Meridian
Sees. 16 to 20, inclusive, all
Sec. 21 excluding U.S. survey 4657
Sec. 28 (fractional), excluding U.S. Survey 567, 4926, &
4657
Sec. 29 (fractional), excluding U.S. Survey 4657 and Native
AI lotment AA-7431
Sec. 30 (fractional), excluding Native AI lotment AA-7431
Portions of Sections 29 and 30 have been selected by Mr. George
Phi I I ips, Sr. of Akhiok (Native AI lotment AA-7431). This
selection includes: Fractional SW 1/4 NW 1/4, NW 1/4 SW 1/4
Sec. 29; SE 1/4 NE 1/4, Fractional NE 1/4 SE 1/4 Sec. 30, T. 37
S., R. 31 W., S.M. (See Appendix). Mr. Phi II ips was not in
Akhiok at the time of the site reconnaissance. This selection
was rejected and an appeal was filed. The latest BLM recorded
action taken on this application was July 16, 1975, and con-
sisted of an Interior Board of Land Appeals decision: "Set
aside and remanded". This indicates that BLM must now provide
further information to substantiate earlier rejections of land
selection. This issue is not I ikely to be resolved soon and
current actions at this level indicate that Mr. Phi II ips'
claims may be honored.
-26 -
This individual native selection includes within its bounds the
lower 1/4 of the stream addressed in this work. Also included
within this selection are the cabin found at the outlet of the
stream and the two smal I commercial fishing structures located
on the beach adjacent to the stream outlet.
The I ands in the immediate vicinity of the Vi I I age of Akhiok
are contained within the bounds of U.S. Surveys 576~ 4926 and
4957~ and are also in various states of selection and/or owner-
ship. Discussions with Mr. George Gustafson, the BLM Townsite
Trustee, indicate the following probable land status:
u.s. Survey 567:
U.S. Survey 4926:
U.S. Survey 4657:
Patented~ Church or Cannery
In possession of BLM Townsite Trustee
Vi I lage corporation selection
Again~ these findings are preliminary and wi I I need to be fur-
ther addressed in any future permit processing which may be
initiated.
-27 -
PERMIT PROCESS
The complexity of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
( FERC) permit process has increased in recent years to the
point where it can be a significant and time consuming effort
for even smal I projects.
For projects of I ess than 1, 500 kW the FERC has a "short form"
which would represent the "maximum effort" for permitting
process. New regulations now pending with the FERC may reduce
the permit effort to something less.
Shou I d the I and ownership of the project area a I I be trans-
ferred from federal ownership at a near date (1981) a FERC per-
mit may not be required. However, satisfaction of private land
ownership concerns, environmental habitat and fisheries
resource impact statements, and definite project feasibi I ity
work wi I I sti I I be required.
-28 -
X
c z
UJ a. a.
~
UJ
_J
u..
0 a::: a..
> 1-
AKHIOK
Location
Akhiok is located on Alitak Bay on the southern tip of Kodiak
Island. It is approximately 89 air miles southwest of Kodiak.
Description
The I and is tree I ess ro I I i ng tundra with occas i ona I rock out-
croppings. The altitude of the area ranges from 12 feet at
Akhiok to 1800 feet inland.
Kodiak Island is in the zone of dominant maritime temperature
influence: mean annual temperature range is 24.4°F.~ from
approximately 25° to 54°F. Average temperature per year is
36.5°F. Humidity is high~ fog and cloudiness are common. Mean
annual precipitation is 35.3 inches.
History
During the boom in the fur trade in the early 1800's, the Rus-
sians settled in this Aleut community and named it "Akhiok" or
"Akhiak". They left with the fur industry decline~ and the
vi I I age has continued on a subs i stance I eve I derived from the
sea. The U.S. Postal Authorities changed the name to "AI itak"
during World War I to avoid confusion between Akhiok and Akiak,
another Alaskan village. Akhiok is now the preferred name.
Population
According to the 1970 Census, there are 115 people in Akhiok.
There are 61 males and 54 females. The under-14 age group rep-
resents 53% of the total. 99% of the people are of Aleut
extraction. Mr. Ned Griffin~ a teacher at Akhiok~ stated cur-
rent population ranges between 75 and 120 1 with the high end
being during fishing season in the summer.
Vi I lage Faci I ities
There are approximately 25 to 30 houses, a community center,
combined primary-secondary school 1 store 1 Russian Orthodox
Church~ underground water and sewer systems 1 and other miscel-
1 aneous structures. A new Borough-operated primary-secondary
schoo I is pI an ned for construction in 1981-82. The harbor is
marg ina I to the needs of the community. It is dry during I ow
time~ and overflowing into the residential area at high tide.
In bad weather~ boats must be removed to a safer anchorage.
The nearest medical facilities are in Kodiak, one hour's flying
time distance. There is a cannery at Lazy Bay a few miles to
the southwest.
Communication is by radio and a single vi I Jage phone. The com-
munity water system was bui It by PHS in 1969; it consists of a
20 1 000 gal. storage tank, a water supply dam, and a gravity
feed distribution system. All homes~ both old and new~ were
supp I i ed with f I ush to i I ets and pI umb i ng, and their own i nd i-
vidual leaching pits.
Economy
Fishing is the subsistence occupation of this community. Seal-
ing is engaged in for meat and fur, but on an incidental scale.
Some vii lagers were reindeer herders under the Sheldon Jackson
Reindeer Program~ but the herd has s i nee been a I I owed to go
wi I d.
There is commercial potential in seals~ salmon, crab~ bottom
fish, and shrimp. Although the people of Akhiok have boats,
they are not suited for large scale commercial fishing. How-
ever~ it is felt that if proper boats~ equipment~ and training
were supplied a market could be established~ and the fishing
fishing industry could be developed in Akhiok.
Tourism is nonexistent here now. There are very few ful I time
jobs~ and employment is seasonal~ depending on the salmon run.
Cannery work is possible at this time~ but few canneries can
hire from Akhiok.
>-~
0
_J
0 a::
Cl
>-::c
,;
r
1
' ... ..
.• ~A • .::!-;----:~~~*~ .. :~·£.:~~:·~ .v ~':~~ ~ ........ ·,0;~;-,: ' :~··'"' .. ~'::·;. ~-t:<--·~~ ... , =· \-~ ..
-.
oF .ALAS A
.,
'-,
I
c· F I
p A c
c El A N 0
... -~ l
~
r-. I I I I I rne of Eq,al ""noh C~b;o Feol (} _. .. per _Second per Square M1le
.. ~ · • '' ·" · • ·.., .. · ~ -::--4 Mean Annual Runoff
~ . . . .':·. =~·; ·:-: · · ·· -25 Mean Annnal Peak Runoff
· ... : · -as Mean Annual low Monthly Runoff '.
Source: Feulner et al. 1970, Water Re~ources of Alaska.
A}~' k... -e ~~l<t"" II ( -p,..,.{/ )!'_;.
( ~ ,.,-~ ....... ( '"" .lr i'A. I) A~ /1>(;..
'A.'~ 8t:.
rJ • -
lit
!"
~fl ~g
I~
I rl I
e: ·.·. · .a .. ''4:158~· ·1re r ~ . *f'!f~Msa;••r -·E..-~""'~·····;·~·., ....... :~~a.-· "' ... , .~ '··· . ·x.' .. \ · :t:r!!SHT · If' .. ~ ftib'":P·t g.: ·'-tre'"•'"~ · ····# <Mu~tt3si~··~ r llt ·-...
SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASlA 107
15296550 Upper Thumb River near Larsen Bay
LOCATlON.··Lat 57"21'0l" lona 153"58'04", in NE.NE• sec.1, T.3l S., R.30 W., Iodiak Island Borough, Iodiak
National Wildlife Refuge, on Iodiak Island, on right bank 0.2 at (0.3 kA) downstream from confluence of East
and North Forks, 0.3 mi (0.5 km) upstream from mouth at Thumb Lake, and 13 mi (21 km) south of Larsen Bay.
DRAINAGE AREA.--18.8 mil (48.7 km 1 ).
PERIOD OF RECORD.--July 1974 to current year.
GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Altitude of gaae is 380ft (116 a) from topoaraphic map.
EXTREMES.--July to September 1974: Maximum discharge during this period, 720 ft 11s (20.4 •'Is) Sept. 25, gage
height, 2.49 ft (0.759 a), from rating curve extended above 230 ft 11s {6.5 m1 /s); minimum, 18 ft'ls (0.51 m11s)
Aug. 21, 22, gage height, 0.65 ft (0.198 m).
Water year 1975: Maximum discharge, 950 ft 1 1s (26.9 m11s) June 29, gage height, 2.85 ft (0.869 m), from
rating curve extended above 230 ft 1 1s (6.5 m115); minimum, 1.1 ft 1 1s (0.23 m'ls) Mar. 19, Apr. 3, gage height,
0.53 ft (0.162 m).
REMARIS.--Records good except those above 300 ft 1 1s (8 •'Is) and below 10 ft 1 1s (0.3 m1 1s), which are fair.
Records of chemical analyses and water temperatures for the period July to September 1974 and for water year
1975 are published in Section 2 of this report.
DAY
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
AUC
25
24
24
23
23
23
24
23
SEP
110
79
66
57
48
43
42
38
AUGUST TOTAL lOOJ
SEPTEMBER TOTAL 2801
DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FE!T PER SECOND, 1974
DAY
9
10
ll
12
13
14
15
16
HEAR 32.3
HEAH 93.3
AUG
24
23
2l
22
22
21
21
20
HAl llS
HAl 498
SEP
36
35
36
40
37
47
SJ
56
KIN 18
KIN 35
DAY
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
AUG
19
19
19
19
18
18
19
21
CFSH 1. 72
CFSM 4.97
SltP
76
98
76
72
62
53
49
193
Ill 1. 98
Ill 5.54
DAY
25
26
27
28
29
JO
31
AC-FT 1990
AC-FT 5560
JilL
28
28
27
26
25
OISCHARG[, lN CUBIC fEET PER SECONO, WATER YEAR OCTOBER 1974 TO SEPTE~BER 1975
MEAN VALUES
DAY
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
TOTAL
MEAN
MAll
MIN
CI'SM
IN.
•e-n
OCT
85
76
69
98
150
159
130
112
100
90
81
11
83
86
81
14
68
63
57
53
14
72
92
218
335
236
162
122
147
285
159
3694
119
335
53
6.33
7.31
7330
NOV
122
104
90
71
69
60
58
54
48
42
42
71
88
104
83
69
58
50
40
43
43
36
33
29
33
29
29
28
27
25
1690
56.3
122
25
-2.99
3.34
3350
DEC
23
23
18
23
26
23
22
. 20
19
21
19
20
19
17
16
14
11
18
16
13
JAN
13
13
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
13
14
11
11
16
14
16 13
19 16
18 18
16 11
13 19
lit 30
14 25
14 24
14 2Z
14 11
13 16
552 478
11.8 15.4
26 30
13 12
.95 -.82
1.09 .95
1090 948
FEB
16
16
17
16
15
14
12
12
12
12
lZ
12
12
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
10
342
12.2
11
10
.• 65
.68
678
MAR
10
10
10
10
10
9.8
9.8
10
9.8
9.8
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
9,3
9.3
9.1
9.1
8.9
9.1
8.7
8.9
8.1
8.5
8.7
8.9
9.3
9.1
8.9
9,0
9.0
289.7
9.35
10
8.5
.so
.57
575
APR
9.0
9.0
8.9
10
16
16
14
14
18
21
21
19
18
22
32
60
54
45
36
36
35
30
28
27
24
21
21
19
21
23
727.9
24.3
60
8.9
-1.29
1.44
1440
MAY
24
30
43
48
42
38
44
53
69
156
228
113
185
189
156
130
125
128
128
115
106
88
88
98
169
218
210
197
177
156
117
3788
122
228
24
6.49
7.50
7510
JUN
232
228
236
205
189
189
173
185
255
241
228
223
228
214
218
285
270
362
392
310
362
452
416
315
290
285
362
519
770
446
9080
303
770
113
-16.1
17.97
18010
JUL
315
290
325
285
250
265
300
285
275
280
260
228
173
156
150
132
128
120
U8
llO
110
106
122
110
100
88
86
81
85
77
70
5480
177
325
70
9.41
10.84
10870
AUG
19
19
115
52
92
79
110
AUG
63
60
56
54
57
52
50
47
43
42
40
41
42
40
42
40
38
38
41
41
36
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
27
26
26
1252
411.4
63
26
-2.15
2.48
2480
WTR YR 1975 TOTAL 29648.6 MEAN 81.2 MAX 770 •UN 8.5 CF'SM 4.32 IN 58.66 AC-F'T. 58810
SEP
498
270
185
138
110
98
SEP
26
27
28
26
41
48
41
49
56
156
98
77
64
57
56
50
86
90
121
165
lJO
118
96
85
79
71
68
69
85
106
2275
75.8
165
26
4.03
4,50
4510
,.._
SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASlA
15296550 UPPER THUMB RIVER NEAR LARSEN BAY
LOCATION.--Lat 57°21'03", long 153"58'04", in NEioNE\ sec.l, T.3S S., R.30 w., li:odiak Island Borough, Hydrologic
Unit 19050001, li:odiak National Wildlife Refuge, on rodiak Island, on right bank 0.2 mi (0.3 km) downstream
from confluence of East and North Forks, O.S mi (O.S I<•} upstream from mouth at Thumb Lake, and 13 mi (21 km)
south of Larsen Bay.
DRAINAGE AREA.--18.8 mi2 (48.7 km2).
WATER-DISCHARGE RECORDS
PERIOD OF RECORD.--Ju1y 1974 to current year.
GAGE.--Water-stage recorder. Altitude of gage is 380ft (116m), from topographic map.
REMARKS.--Water-discharse records good except those above 300 ft'ls (8 •'Is), which are fair.
EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum discharge, 1,000 ft'/s '28.3 •'Is) Sept. 18, 1976, gage height, 2.90 ft
(0.884 m), from rating curve extended above 230 ft 11s (6.5 m Is); miminum, 8.1 ft'/s (0.23 m'/s) Mar. 19 and
Apr. 3, 1975, gage height, 0.53 ft (0.162 m}.
EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR. -Maximum discharge, 1,000 ft'/s (28.3 m'/s} Sept. 18, ga~e height, 2.90 ft (0.884 m),
from rating curve extended above 230 ft'/s (6.5 m'/s); minimum, 11 ft 1 /s (0.31 m /s) occurred intermittently
during period Mar. 24 to Apr. 14, gage height, 0.66 ft (0.201 m), from recorded range in stage.
OJSCHARGE, lN CUBlC FEET PER SECONO. WATER YEAR OCTOBER 1975 TO SEPTEMBER 1976
MEAN VALIIES
DAY
1
2
l
4
s
6
1
8
9
10
11
12
ll
14
lS
11>
11
18
19
20
21
22
23
2<t zs
21>
27
21!
29
30
ll
TOTAL
MEAN
MAX
MIN
CI'SM
1"'· AC-I'T
OCT
11S
102
240
162
128
106
92
8)
74
112
120
162
201
lSO
l<t7
141
120
106
96
86
19
221
458
J<tS
223
1S6
12S
102
1!6
69
62
4469
l<t4
<t58
62
/ 7.66
11.8 ..
81!60
NOW
5<t
58
48
4<t
"2
4)
40
36
ll
28
ll
30
28
29
2t1
2S
28
27
28
26
28
ll
l ..
29
27
26
2S
2<t
23
111
'l74
l2.S
sa
19
1.73
1.93
1930
CAL YR 1975 TOTAL 2976<t,6
WTR YR l97b TOTAL 27<t78,0
DEC
19
19
19
21
19
18
19
18
17
16
18
19
20
21
2<t
22
20
19
20
21
20
19
18
19
23
22
21
19
16
22
21
609
19.6
2<t
16
1.04
1.20
1210
JAN
17
19
ltl
18
17
17
16
16
17
16
16
16
16
lb
lb
1b
15
15
1&
lS
ll
1 ..
14
30
ll
26
23
21
21
20
19
560
18.1
ll
ll
-,96
loll
1110
FEB
16
20
21
<t3
S3
52
<t6
lt2
36
ll
29
28
27
26
26
2S
23
18
18
16
16
17
16
16
16
16
IS
14
lit
738
2S ...
Sl
14
l.JS
l,<t6
1460
MEAN 81,5 MAX 110 MIN
MEAN 7S.1 MAX 770 MIN
MAR
l<t
1S
16
20
16
42
27
23
21
20
19
19
18
17
19
18
16
16
16
16
16
IS
14
l<t
ll
ll
12
12
12'
11
11
531
17.1
42
11
~.91
1.os
1050
APR
11
11
11
11
12
13
17
30
20
16
14
12
11
ll
12
14
16
16
19
20
19
20
20
18
18
19
22
28
38
53
S52
18.4
53
11
.98
1.09
1090
MAY
68
100
130
128
llS
122
118
108
108
98
120
106
9<t
85
83
81
83
9<t
98
106
118
128
130
llS
llS
128
106
94
10"
118
128
1389
109
135
68
5.ao
6.11
6720
8.5 CFSM <t,l4
ll CFSM 3,99
JUN
l<t7
18S
197
2<t6
491
<t8<t
356
lOO
220
170
200
230
200
190
180
190
190
180
170
160
160
150
lSO
150
160
170
180
190
180
200
6376
213
491
1<t7
11.3
12.62
12650
IN 58.8'il
lN 54.37
JUL
210
200
180
170
160
180
160
181
169
156
1 ... 7
132
llS
106
112
118
110
liS
11S
12S
108
94
92
85
76
69
6<t
64
63
60
S<t
3790
122
210
S4
6,49
7.so
7520
AUG
49
<tS
42
<tO
38
<t2
38
38
37
35
ll
30
30
29
28
27
26
26
26
23
23
21
21
20
23
29
41
36
ll
30
28
987
31.8
49
20
l.b9
1,9S
1960
AC-FT 590<t0
AC-FT 54500
SEP
31
l<t
J<t
30
28
26
29
29
27
26
25
28
27
40
112
122
460
770
37<t
26S
201
20S
193
201
2<tl
218
20S
177
189
1S6
4503
150
770
25
-7,98
8.91
11930
159
•"'-i"' I . , . • L ' \ '( I ' . I '
. . ' ~
rl~f·
'l
');~I
' ~ 1 : I
r.! 1
..
. I
., 1
i ,
~~ J
'
,;
' .
,
<1
. ~
1
r·
l\
... -..
J
F.
Th
Ala
1.
164 SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA
15296550 UPPER THUMB RIVER NEAR LARSEN BAY
LOCATION.--Lat 57'21'03", long 153'58'04", in NE.NE• sec.1, T.33 S., R.30 W., Kodiak Island Borou~h. Hydrologic
Unit 19050001, Kodiak Notional Wildlife Refuge, on Kodiak Island, on right bank 0.2 ai (0.3 kM) downstream
from confluence of East and North Forks, 0.3 ai (O.S km) upstream from mouth at Thumb Lake, and 13 ml (21 km)
south of Larsen Bay.
DRAINAGE AREA.--18.8 mi 2 (48.7 km 2 ).
WATER-DISCHARGE RECORDS
PERIOD OP RECORD.--July 1974 to current year.
GAGE.--~ater-stage recorder. Altitude of gage is 380 ft (116m), from topographic map.
REMARKS.--Water-discharge records fair except those for June 16 to Aug. IS, which are poor.
EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum discharge, 1,190 ft 1 /s 133.7 m1 /s) June 16, 1977, gage height, 3,24 ft
1(0.988 m), from rating curve extended above 230 ft 1 /s (6.5 m /s); minimum, 8.1 ft 1 /s (0.23 m1 /s) Mar. 19 and
~pT. 3, 1975, gage height, 0.53 ft (0.162 m).
EXTREMES POR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum discharge, 1,190 ft 1 /s (33.7 m1 /s) June 16, gage height, 3.24 ft (0.988 m),
from rating curve extended above 230 ft'/s (6.5 m1 /s); minimum, 14 ft 1 /s (0.40 m1 /s) Mar. S, gage height,
0.73 ft (0.223 ml.
DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC fEET PER SECONDo WATER TEAR OCTOBER 1976 TO SEPTEMBER 1977
MEAN VALUES
DAY
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
TOTAL
MEAN
MAl
MIN
CfSM
IN,
AC-fT
OCT
135
125
112
125
112
110
100
92
86
86
77
70
85
112
100
266
561o
335
21t6
223
193
156
132
112
102
85
77
69
66
66
63
lo282
138
561o
63
7.34
8olo7
81o90
NOV
58
56
52
lo9
loB
45
56
53
loB
45
205
130
115
108
120
102
85
74
61o
69
81
69
63
56
so
63
96
128
197
265
2650
aa.J
265
45
--4.70
5.24
5260
DEC
162
llol
112
128
138
132
115
92
83
81
85
72
66
62
56
49
so
48
loS
43
42
41
45
44
36
35
34
35
34
35
36
2177
70.2
162
34
3.73
looJI
1ol20
JAN
40
38
93
lollo
228
132
l41o
IOio
102
77
70
72
98
IOio
98
91o
92
98
81
85
77
79
115
153
'135
100
90
92
91o
94
88
3401
110
ltllo
38
5.85
6. 73
6750
fEB
102
108
128
108
90
79
72
63
58
53
52
loll
48
6lo
85
66
57
62
104
77
68
60
54
52
45 ...
42
41
1930
68.9
128
lol
_J,67
3.82
3830
HAR
40
37
35
32
30
29
32
32
30
211
29
31
34
30
42
42
40
36
36
35
34
33
31
ll
32
30
48
32
41
37
38
1067
Jlo,lt
48
28
loll
Zoll
2120
CAL TR 1976 TOTAL 30535 MEAN 83,4 HAK 770 HIN II
WTR TR 1977 TOTAL 46197 MEAN 127 HAK 1010 HIN 2~
APR
195
315
156
130
100
811
76
69
66
63
56
60
52
48
44
42
41
40
42
41
42
lol
45
62
53
54
53
54
61o
72
2266
75.5
315
40
lo,OZ
lo,lo8
41t90
HAT
76
77
79
77
85
92
83
77
68
7~
77
83
92
98
112
132
335
lo71
374
241
185
159
144
135
128
120
122
120
138
138
162
lo356
141
lo71
68
-7.50
8,62
8640
JUN
205
270
362
lol6
416
380
340
lo64
580
572
636
548
lo91
SJJ
612
1010
960
610
520
loJO
loiO
420
loZO
370
360
390
390
380
400
400
llo295
lo71
1010
205
25,4
28.28
28350
CfSH lo,lolo
CfSH 6.76
IN 60,42
IN 9l,lol
JUL
lt!O
390
360
300
ZloO
200
189
230
220
200
230
280
250
190
160
150
140
140
140
130
120
120
120
120
110
170
270
zoo
ISO
120
100
6llo9
198
410
100
10.5
12.17
12200
AC-fl 60570
AC-fl 91630
AUG
100
90
90
85
85
85
80
75
70
65
65
65
60
58
56
57
81
76
70
66
58
54
52
49
48
45
45
43
42
41
loO
1996
61oo4
100
40
-3,1tl
),95
3960
SEP
311
37
37
35
34
37
311
37
41
69
76
64
57
53
53
58
52
50
411
60
86
72
66
60
57
53
70
69
63
511
16211
Slt,J
86
34
2.89
3.22
3230
7:J
l
1
J
J
J
-"'
...
..•
1 ,
• I
l
1
SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA
15296550 UPPER THUMB RIVER NEAR LARSEN BAY
LOCATION.--Lat 57"21'01", long 151"58'04", in NE~NE~ sec.l, T.ll S., R.IO W., Kodiak Island BorouRh, Hydrologic
Unit 19050001, Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge, on Kodiak !•land, on right bank O.l mi (0.3 km) downstream
from confluence of East and North Forks, 0.3 mi (O.S kml upstream from mouth at Thumb Lake, and 13 mi (21 km}
south of Larsen Bay.
DRAINAGE AREA.-·18.8 mi 1 (48.7 km 2}.
WATER-DISCHARGE RECORDS
PERIOD OF RECORD.··July 1974 to current year.
GAGE.--Water·stage recorder. Altitude of gage is 380 !t (116m}, from topographic map.
189
REMARKS.-·Water·d!scharge records fair except those for period of no gage·height record, July 25 to Sept. 30, which
are poor.
EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.··Maximum discharge, 1,190 ft 3 /s ~33.7 m1 /s} June 16, 1977, gage height, 3.24 ft
(0.988 m), from rating curve extended above 230 ft,/s (6.5 m /~};minimum, 8.1 ft 3 /s (0.21 m3 /s} Mar. 19 and
Apr. 3, 1975, gage height, 0.51 ft (0.162 m}.
EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.··Maxbmum discharge, 1,050 ft,/s (29.7 ml/s} June 19, gage height, 2.85 ft (0.869 m},
from rating curve extended above 230 ft,/s (6.5 ml/sl but may have been greater during period of no gage-height
record, Sept. 10·15; mlntmum daily, lZ ft 1 /s (0.34 m /s) Dec. 1, Jan. 5, 6.
DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND, WATER YEAR OCTOBER 1977 TO SEPTEMBER 1978
MEAN VALUES
DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN FE8 MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP
1 56 53 12 14 23 34 18 98 223 181 140 120 z 54 .... 15 14 zz 30 18 100 223 185 150 85
3 52 42 14 14 21 26 19 106 228 197 140 70
4 53 41 14 13 20 24 19 102 228 zos 110 65
5 so 37 15 12 19 23 19 100 210 185 90 90
6 54 35 14 12 14 21 19 106 zos 165 80 70
7 53 33 14 14 17 20 21 147 236 169 80 50
8 66 30 14 14 18 20 25 159 260 201 90 44
9 404 31 16 14 18 19 26 189 255 232 100 38
10 218 28 16 14 18 18 25 246 236 205 120 32
II 241 28 14 14 18 23 28 236 236 232 130 30
12 189 26 14 14 18 26 29 255 270 197 150 90
13 135 27 14 21 17 21 32 255 270 153 120 250
14 liZ 23 16 19 18 19 50 232 628 138 110 800
15 96 21 16 18 17 19 57 241 533 125 90 500
16 85 21 16 15 16 18 50 214 350 112 80 zzo
17 72 27 16 18 16 18 48 189 580 120 70 140
18 63 25 16 18 18 17 45 165 940 122 70 zoo
19 60 24 16 18 17 19 48 165 970 135 70 130
20 57 24 16 17 16 19 52 189 720 125 80 100
21 58 22 16 16 18 18 56 214 668 118 110 80
22 130 21 16 17 23 16 56 260 840 108 90 65
23 llO 21 16 18 34 16 53 434 620 110 70 50
24 . 90 19 IS 16 36 16 54 458 458 108 60 45
25 106 19 14 16 50 16 68 340 392 lOS so 40
26 135 19 14 16 42 16 77 295 340 100 45 35
27 128 19 14 18 47 16 79 255 295 90 40 31
28 96 18 14 20 38 16 74 223 250 90 35 28
29 81 18 14 23 ---16 79 197 232 110 80 26
30 70 16 14 23 ---17 90 223 205 120 240 25
31 62 ---14 24 ---17 ---255 ---140 150
TOTAL 3236 812 459 514 649 614 1334 6648 12101 4583 3040 35~9
HEAN 104 27.1 14.8 16.6 23.2 19.8 44.5 214 403 148 98.1 118
HAX 404 53 16 24 50 34 90 458 970 232 240 800
MIN 50 16 12 12 14 16 18 98 205 90 35 zs
CfSH 5o 53 . I .44 .79 .88 -1.23 1.05 2.37 -11.4 21.4 7.87 -5.22 6.28
IN. 6.40 lo6l ,91 1.02 1.28 1.21 2.64 13.15 23.94 9.07 6,02 7.02
AC-FT 6420 1610 910 1020 1290 1220 2650 13190 24000 9090 6030 7040
CAL YR 1977 TOTAL 41595 HEAN 114 HAX 1010 H!N 12 CfSH 6,06 IN 82.30 AC-fT 82500
IITR YR 1978 TOTAL 37539 MEAN 103 HAX 970 HIN 12 CfSH 5,48 IN 74.28 AC-fT 74460
..... ~ ·.1
:1
'','1 "'' ...:·
t
·· .. •. .,'1
··~
~
~ ~ ~-~
~
··. ~ 'J ..
·:"'~
~ ~ ~ fA I
~ iJ·
~·
~:
il·: ~~ ~ . ~'4 __ i.t
~
• g,
t
i! .E,•
106 SOUTH·CENTRAL ALASKA
1~296520 Canyon Creek near Larsen Bay
LDCATlON.··Lat S7"17'00", lone 153"58'~2", in SE'tSW\o sec.z~. T.l3 S., 1\.30 w., kodiak Island l!orouah, kodialr
National Wildlife Refuae, on kodiak Island, on left bank 0.6 mi (1.0 km) upstream from mouth. and 17 mi (27 ka)
south of Larsen Bay,
DRAINAGE AREA.-·8.82 ai 1 (22.14 ka*).
PERIOD OF RECORD.--Ju1y 1974 to current year •
CAGE. •Water·staae recorder. Altitude of a•Je is 4SO ft (137 m) from topoaraphic map.
EXTREHES.--Ju1y to September 1974: Maximua discharae durina period, 248 ft 1/s (7.02 •1/s) Sept. 25, f*l• heiaht
1.97 ft (0.600 a), froa ratina curve extended above 82 ft 1 /s (2.3 a 1 /a); minimum, 13 ft 1 /s (0.37 a /s) Aue. '
21·23, aaae heiaht, 0.68 ft (0.207 a).
Water year 1975: Maximum discharae, 33~ ft 1 /s (9.49 m1 /s) June 29, ~aae heiaht, 2.16 ft (0.658 a), froa
ratina curve extended above 82 ft 1 /s (2.3 a 1 /s); minimum daily, 8.0 ft 1 /s (0.23 m1 /s) Jan. 3·14, Mar. 17 to
Apr. 3.
REMARkS. ·Records fair except those above 100 ft 1 /s (3 a 1 /s) and below 20 ft 1 /s (0.6 m1 /s), which are poor.
Records of chemical analyses and water temperatures for the period July to Sept. 1974 and for water year
1975 are published in Section 2 of this r~port.
Dli.T
1
2
3 • s
6
7 •
AUG
18
18
111
16
15
16
17
17
SEP
17
61
49
41
36
32
31
28
DAT
9
10
11
12
13
14.
15
16
DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC rEET PER SECOND, 1974
AUG
:zo
19
18
18
16
16
15
15
S!P
27
27
31
34
31
38
40
42
DAY
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
H
JI.UG
14
14
13
13
1l
13
13
1S
SEP
51
63
58
54
47
42
41
94
t DAY
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
JUL
22
21
20
20
19
18
lB
AUGUST TOTAL 773 MEAN 24.9 MAX 87 MIN 13 CrSM 2.83 IR. 3.26 AC·FT 1530
SEPTEMBER TOTAL 1617 MEAN 53.9 MAl 170 MIN 27 CFSM 6.11 IN. 6.82 AC-FT 3110
DISCHARGE, 1~ CUBIC fEET PER SECO~O. wATER YEAR OCTOBER 197• TO SEPTEHBER 1975
M£AN VALUES
DAY
1
2
3
4
5
6 .,
II
9
lO
11
12
)3
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
2l
24
25
26
27
211
29
30
31
TOTA4.
MEAN
14Alt
14IN
CfSM
tlol. •e-n
OCT
45
41
39
61
82
89
79
69
59
Sl
47
45
51
63 so
45
4t
38
32
31>
45
45
61
)04
130
98
110
611
75
911
.75
192'5
62ol
130
31
-J.04
8.12
3820
NOV
65
56
51
45
40
36
38
34
ll
27
29
53
53
62
51
45
38
32
30
28
27
26
24
23
22
20
20
20
20
19
1065
35,5
65
19
4.02
4,49
2110
WTR YR 1975 TOTAL 14841,0
DEC
18
18
16
18
20
17
16
16
15
15
IS
15
14
13
12
11
12
ll
12
11
12
15
14
ll
12
ll
10
10
10
10
10
4i!4
13,7
20
10
1.55
1.79
841
JAN
9.0
9.0
8.0 8.o
8.0
8.0 a.o a.o
8.o a.o
a.o
8,0 a.o
11.0
9.0
9.0
11
11
11
10
9,0
10
12
12 ••
20
18
17
16
15
14
332.0
lOoT
20
8.0
1.21
1.40
659
MEA~ •0,7
f'E8
14 •• 15
h
)4
13
12
11
11
11
11
11
II
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
9.0
311.0
11.1
15
9.0
1.26
•• 31
611
MAl
NOTE.--•o 1•1•-~•ta~t racord Jaa. 12 to Apr. 14.
HAR
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9,0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9,0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9,0
11.0 8.o a.o
1.0
8.0
8.0
8.o
8.0 •
11.0
8.0 e.o
8.0
a.o
8.0
11.0
21>4,0
8,52
9,0
8.0
-,97
loll
52!4
APR
8.0 a.o
8.0
9.0
10
12
ll
15
11
20
20
19
II
20
30
Sb
54
43
40
38
)7
36
J2
Z8
Z4
21
20
111
19
21
714.0
Z3.8
56
11.0
2.70
J,01
... 20
2•1 MIN 8.0
HAY
24
Z9
39
40
35
32
36 ...
54
93
1ZO
93
89
91
82
75
71
14
75
68
65
54
53
59
80
93
87
85
80
75
79
2074
66,9
120
24
7,59
8.75
.. 110
Cf'SM 4.61
..1\JH
87
115
89
82
82
82
79
12
93
89
13
as
115
IZ
17
100
100
lZ2
13Z
113
125
140
138
111
102
106
122
160
248
)40
3231
108
241
79
-1z.2
IJ.63
MID
IN 62.62
JUl.
120
110
130
110
100
110
1ZO
120
110 uo
100
90
80
75
70
69
65
51
56
53
49
41
55
47
42
l7
35
33
37
J4
31
230 ..
74.3
llO
31
B ... z
9.72
4570
A C-rt
AUG
14
14
71
49
87
77
83
AUG
Z8
27
27
Z7
JO
27
26
2•
23
22
22
zs
24
22
26
26
24
24
25
24
22 zo
20
19
18
II
11
16
16
16
lb
702
2l.6
30
16
l.S6
l.96
ll90
Z9451
SEP
170
104
8]
71
61
53
SEP
16
11
19
17 :so
33
Z7
33
31
79
65
53
45
40
39
35
65
69
10
94
ll
74
65
59
55
51
47
41
Sl
"
lSOl 5e.a ... •• ~s."
6,3)
""
~-,
...
I
·.,I.
,, I
I
t
f
' I •
' I
l~b SOUTH·CENTRAL ALASkA
1~296520 CANYON CREEk NEAR LARSEN BAY
LOCATION.··Lit 57.17'00", long 153•58'52", in SE'•SI'?1! sec. 25, T.:H S., R.20 W., Kodiak Island l!orou~:h, Hydrolo~ic
Unit 19050001, Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge, on kodiak Island, on left bank 0.1> mi (l.O b•) usptrum from
mouth, and 17 mi (27 km) south of Larsen Bay.
DRAINAGE AREA.··8.82 m1 1 (22,84 m'J.
WATER·DJSCHARGE RECORDS
PERIOD OF RECORD.··Ju1y 1974 to S~ptember 1976 (discontinued).
GAGE.--Water·stage r~corder. Altitude of gage is 450ft (137m), from topo~:raphic map.
RE~!ARKS.··Water·discharg~ record fair except for discharges above 100 ft'/s (!> m1 /s) and those for Nov. 1 to
Apr. 25, which are poor.
EXTRH!ES FOR PERlOD OF RECORD.--Maximum discharge, 4SO ft 1 /s (12.7 m1 /s) Sept. 17, 1976, gage hl'ight, 2.31 ft
(0.704 m), from extension of adjacent gage-height record, from rating curve extended above 91 ft'/s (2.6 m3 /s);
maximum gage height, 2.63 ft (0.802 m) Sept. 17, 197b, result of unknown hydraulic condition; minimum daily
discharge, 6.0 ft'/s (0.17 m1/s) Mar. 28 to Apr. 5, 1976 .
EXTRH!ES FOR CURRENT YEAR.· Same as extremes for period of r"cord.
DlSC>iAilG[, IN CuBIC f[ET PER SECONDo WATER YEAR OCTOBER 1~7~ TO SlPTE~BER 1~76
'IE AN VALUES
DAY OCT NOY DEC JAN rEB MAll API! MAY JUN JUL -.uG SEP
1 68 35 14 11 9,0 7.0 t>.O 59 63 125 39 36
2 65 37 13 12 11 11.0 &,0 74 b!l 125 31> 35
3 117 35 13 11 ... 10 b,O 75 72 118 34 34 .. 77 30 15 10 20 11 &.0 69 83 lOb 34 30
5 66 27 14 10 35 10 b.O 71 140 102 35 27
b 59 29 13 9.0 30 18 7,0 65 125 106 40 27
7 53 27 14 9,0 28 15 '1.0 b1 Ill 'Iii 36 30
8 48 27 12 10 25 13 12 56 100 96 40 29
9 4) 25 11 ll 22 11 10 bl 87 100 31> 26
10 1>2 21 10 10 20 11 9.0 1>3 7'1 96 34 24
11 65 22 11 9,0 17 10 8,0 bl 93 93 31 23
12 69 20 12 9,0 lb 10 9.0 55 111 87 29 2b
13 96 19 12 9.U 15 10 9.0 51 111 80 29 23
14 79 20 13 9.0 14 9,0 8.0 45 Ill 77 28 38
15 74 19 lb 10 15 11 11.0 43 109 71 2b 82
16 69 17 14 10 14 10 10 4) 111 72 24 lllb
17 62 18 13 9.0 li? 9.0 13 45 109 77 26 224
18 56 17 12 9.0 10 .... o 12 51 104 60 i?b 305
19 53 111 13 9.0 10 9,0 11 54 102 77 27 151
20 48 17 14 9,0 9.0 9.0 12 55 100 89 23 116
21 44 19 13 8.0 10 9.0 11 59 91! 72 21 94
22 llO 22 12 6.0 10 il.. 0 12 bl '*b 63 21 94
23 179 25 12 9.0 9.0 7.0 12 bl <,16 5'1 20 91
24 135 23 14 12 9.0 7.0 14 59 102 53 20 93
25 98 22 15 20 9,0 7.0 15 bl 1 04 49 26 104
26 60 21 14 18 9,0 7,0 16 58 109 4tl 33 106
27 69 20 13 15 8.0 7.0 Ill 51 113 45 41 109
28 bl 19 li! 13 8.0 b,O 23 47 122 49 36 98
29 53 18 11 1i! 8.0 6.0 37 51 120 50 31 102
30 45 lb 13 11 ---b.O .. 9 55 li!Z 48 28 85
31 40 ---13 10 ---6.0 ---58 ---43 .J.L ---
TOUL Z233 665 401 331.0 4i!6.0 26b,O 384.0 1778 3071 Z4b0 937 2380
'lEAN 72.0 22.6 12.9 10.7 14.7 "'-23 12.6 57.4 102 79,4 30.2 79.3
MAX 179 37 lb zo 35 18 49 75 140 125 ... 305
MIN 40 lb 10 6.0 8.0 6.0 b.O 43 63 4) 20 23
CfSM 6.16 -2.59 1.46 1.21 -1.67 1.05 }.45 &.51 -11.'> 9.00 3.42 -8,99
lN. 9,1t2 2.69 1,69 1,40 1,60 1.21 1.1>2 7,50 12.95 10.37 ),95 10.04
AC-FT 41tJO 1360 795 651 645 567 71>2 J!:i30 1>090 4860 1660 4720
CAL YR 1975 TOTAL 1475).0 MEAN 40,4 'lAX 248 MIN d,O CfS" 4.56 IN 62.22 AC-fT 29260
WT~ YR 1976 TOTAL 15372.0 MEAN 42,0 MU. 305 MIN 6,0 crs" ... 76 IN b"oi:!3 AC-rT 30490
NOTE.-·No gage-height record Dec. 15 to April 23.
Bff& ;§.-:J· 1D'Mbi¥ -. ---~· ''"""''0'fiitferit''•em;:'!'~""'· .· ~--~o;:.::!;:.\~-~.·~·= ,: < ~'-:'It .. '" ----·~ ----fi.i:.' ~; . ii . ' . n• --·-·m ·v ·rr~ . =· . . -I
' ' ' II,
£1.
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1
SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA lOS
15296500 Falla Creek near Larsen Bay
LOCATION.··Lat 57°16'30", 1ona 153"59'03", in SE~NW~ sec.36, T.33 S., R.30 W., lodiak Island Borouah, lodiak
National Wildlife Refuae, on lodiak Island, on riaht bank 0.2 ai (0.3 ka) upstream fro• mouth, and 11 ai
(29 ka) south of Larsen Bay.
DRAINAGE AREA.-·5.67 ai 2 (14.69 ka 2 ).
CACE.--Water·staee recorder. Altitude of aaae is 380 ft (116 a) fro• topoaraphic aap.
PERIOD OF RECORD.··July 1974 to September 1975 (discontinued).
EXTREMES.··July to September 1974: Maximum dischar1e durin& period, 174 ft 1 /s (4.93 a 1 /s) Sept. 25, aaae heifht,
2.73 ft (0.832 a), from ratin& curve extended above 49 ft 1 /s (1.4 a 1 /s); minimum about 0.07 ft 1 /s (0.002 a /s)
Aua. 23, aaae heiaht, 0. 72 ft (0.219 a).
Water year 1975: Maximum discharae, 127 ft 1 /s (3.60 a 1 /s) June 29, §aae height, 2.41 ft (0.735 m), from
ratina curve extended above 49 ft 1 /s (1.4 m1 /s); minimum daily, 0.20 ft /s (0.006 m1 /s) Feb. 21 to Apr. 2.
REMARIS.··Records fair except those below 4 ft 1 /s (0.1 •'Is), which are poor. Records of chemical analyses and
water temperatures for the period July to September 1974 and for water year 1975 are published in section 2 of
this report.
DAY
1
2
J
4
5
6
7
8
AUG
2.5
2.4
2.2
2.0
1.9
2.2
3.3
3.4
SEP
47
33
25
19
16
14
12
12
DAY
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
DISCHARGE, IN CUSIC FEET PER SECOND, 1974
AUG
5.6
4.4
3.6
3.3
2.7
2.5
2.2
1.9
SEP
12
12
14
21
18
25
28
30
DAY
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
AUG
1.8
1.5
1.3
1.0
.76
.42
.68
2.5
SEP
38
46
39
38
29
25
22
81
AUGUST TOTAl 288.46 MEAN 9.30 MAX 55 MIN .42 CFSM 1.64 !H. 1.89 AC-FT 572
SEPTEHB£R TOTAl 1019 MEAN 33.9 MAX 133 MIN 12 CFSM 5.99 IN. 6.69 AC-FT 2020
DAY
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
JUl.
3.8
3.6
3.3
3.1
2.9
2.7
2.5
AUG
2.2
2.2
45
26
55
47
55
DISCHARGE, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECONDo WATER YEA~ OCTOBER 1974 TO SEPTEMBER 1975
MEAN VALUES
DAY
I
2
J
4
s
6
7
II
9
lO
11
12
13
14
IS ...
17
Ill
19
20
21
2l
23
24 zs
lf>
27
211
29
30
ll
OCT
22
11
17
33
58
60
46
40
33
28
22
20
25
28
i!6
22
19
16
14
12
23
24
36
17
85
60
46
36
39
61
41
TOTAL 10116
MfAN 35,0
MAX 85
MIN l2
C'SH 6ol1
IN. 7ol2
AC-n 2150
WTR YR 1975 TOTAL
NOV
33
29
23
20
11
14
17
16
16
11
11
31
31
37
29
22
17
14
7.6
7.0
6.0
5.6
5.3
J.a s.o
Sol
5.9
6.2
5.6
5.0
456.3
15.2
37
3.8
2.68
2.99
905
e.84J,JO
DEC
3.1 z.o
1.5
2.0
4,0
2.9 z.s z.o
1.6
2.9
2.7
2.9
2.4
1.4
t.e
.70
1.8
1.9
1.5 .eo
1.4
l.l
2.2
1.a
1.2
t.o
t.o .eo
o60 .so .so
56.50
1.112
4.0 .so
.32
.37
112
.JAN
... o
.40
o40
.30
.JO
.30
.30
.30
.30
.30
o30
.Jo
,JO
o)O
.Jo
o40 .eo
l.O
.90 .eo
• 70
t.O
loS
loZ z.o
3.o z.o
t.s
1.0
1.0
1.0
24.60
,79
J.O
olO
,14
.16
49
HEAN 18.7
1 NOTE.·-~o aaae·height rec9rd Jan.
,EB
t.o
'},0
.90 .eo
.10
.60
.60 .so .so .so
,40
.40
,40
.40
.30
.Jo
,JO
.3o .Jo
.30
.zo .zo .zo .zo
.20
.20
,20 .zo
12.10
.43
J,O .zo .oe .oe
Zit
HU
HA~
.zo .zo .zo .zo .zo
.zo .zo .zo .zo .zo
.zo .zo .zo .zo .zo
.zo .zo .zo
o20 .zo
.zo .zo .zo .zo .zo
.zo .zo .zo .zo .zo .zo
6.20 .zo .zo .zo
.04
.04
12
97 MIN
APR
.zo
.20 .Jo .so
t.o
J.O
2.0 z;o
3.0 s.o
4.0
4.0
J,O
s.o
10
JO
25
20
Ill
16
14
14
12
12
12
10
lO
10
10
11
Z67.20
8.91
30
.20
1.57
1.75
530
.20
HAY
12
14
20
17
14
....
17
25
32
64
75
58
56
56
49
'" 42
46
44
39
39
Jl
211
35
56
62
59
56
52
48
50
1254
40,5
75
12
7.14
8.23
2490
C,SM 3,30
to Apr. 27 and Auc .. 21 to Sept. 30
.JV!f
59
59
59
53
53
52
47
49
58
55
54
54
55 sz
53
64
61
Ill
75
63
71
79
70
59
59
58
64
ao
97
60
11153
61.1!1
97
47
10.9
12.16
3680
IN 44,88
JVL
41!1
'lo9
54
47
43
'lo9
51
52
SO'
52
48
40
34
30
26
ll
20
11
21
20
20
11
19
11
15
12
12
II
14 ....
10
935
)0.2
54
10
5.33
6oll
1850
AC-,T
AUG
e.9
1.11>
6oS
6.2
'·'
5.9
s.J ......
4.1
3.4
3o4
... 7
s.o
3.6
6oS
e.s
7.2
7o2
e. I
9ol
1.0
6.0 s.o
s.o s.o
4.0 ... o
•• o
•• o
JoO
J,O
173.•
5,59
9.3
3.0
,99
1.1•
344
13570
SEP
133
75
53
42
33
27
SEP
J.O
6o0
10 a.o
10
IS
12
IS
20
40
30
25
22
20
19
111
20 zs
35
50
40
35
32
30
211
ze.
25
28
lZ
311
717.0
23.9
50 J.o
4.22
... 70
l<~>ZO
-;:::::::::
' ,,
-
,
WATER RESOURCES ATLAS
For
USDA Forest Service
Region X
Juneau, Alaska
April 1979
Prepared by:
OTT WATER ENGINEERS, INC.
Redding, California 96001
~ 11 r
..
r*
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'f4
r-
t ... )'""" • --~ =-,....,..,t:trt,. ---
HYDROLOGY MANUAL
INTRODUCTION
Civil engineers, hydrologists, and fishery biologists had
expressed the need for methods to compute streamflow on
ungaged streams within Tongass and Chugach National Forests.
This report presents regression equations that can be used
to predict flows for ungaged streams in these areas of mari-
time Alaska. The atlas also summarizes all streamflow and
precipitation data; describes the methodology used, its
limitations and confidence limits; and provides recommendations
for future studies.
Examples on the use of the prediction equations to solve typical
streamflow problems are given in Appendix A.
METI:lODOLOGY
DEPENDENT VARIABLES
All existing streamflow information through water year 1977
on gaged stream basins in and surrounding Tongass and Chugach
National Forests was assembled from U.S. Geological Survey
(USGS) records. (References 14 and 15) Station records
were eliminated from analyses when:
1. Records were less than 4 years in duration.
2. The gaged streams or rivers drained areas of
interior Canada and Alaska which were not repre-
sentative of maritime south and southeast Alaska.
This included the Kenai Peninsula •
3.
4.
Ice damming affected peak flow events.
Significant water supply diversions or interbasin
transfers existed.
5. There was no forest cover, and over 50 percent
permanent ice cover existed.
Table 1 is a list of all stations used in the regression
analysis. Stations 100000 through 109000 are in or near
Tongass National Forest. Stations 195000 through 272530 are
in or near Chugach National Forest. Stations 295600 through
297500 are on Kodiak Island. Kodiak Island stations were
included due to the small number of station records in or
near Chugach National Forest and the lack of streamflow
records on Afognak Island.
" APPENDIX B REGRESSION EQUATIONS
Definition of Variables
Q • flow (cubic feet per second)
P = mean annual precipitation (inches)
PM = mean monthly precipitation (inches)
A = area (square miles)
T ~ proportion of basin above tree line (percent)
L = proportion of basin in main channel lakes (percent)
S = slope of main channel (feet per 1,000 feet)
E = mean elevation of basin (feet)
C = south distance to Gulf of Alaska (miles)
v-~
I r CHUGACH NATIONAL FOREST
lC -Mean Annual Flow
Q • .0283 pl.l6 A1.02
2C -Mean January Flow
Q = 106 pl.36 Al.l5 T-.0356 L.l99 E-.990
M
3C -Mean February Flow
Nc58 F-Test=3,931 2 R =.993
N=58 F-Test=89 2 R =.895
Q = 92 _3 p~-50 Al.03 T-.0638 L.0956 S-.225 E-.899 C.l73 N=S 8 F=60 R2=.893
4C -Mean March Flow
Q = 151 pl.l7 Al.06 T-.0562 L.ll9 8-.245 E-.795 N=58 F=48
M
5C -Mean April Flow
Q = 214 p.798 Al.03 T-.039 S-.191 E-.711 C.l03 N=58 F=45
M
6C -Mean May Flow
Q = 5.79 pl.02 A.950 L-.0563 E-.231 C.ll8 N=58 F-Test=l25
M
7C -Mean June Flow
Q = •00963 p!•17 A.939 L-.0966 E.757
8C -Mean July Flow
N=58 F-Test=269
Q = .000685 p1.12 A.984 T.0292 8 .223 E.942 C-.119 N=5S F=l49 M
9C -Mean August Flow
Q = .00315 p!'37 A.953 T.0331 L-.0582 E.671 N=58 F-Test=202
lOC -Mean September Flow
Q = _125 pl.23 Al.Ol E.l59
M
llC -Mean October Flow
Q = 1 •25 pl.37 Al.07 T-.0170 E-.251
M
12C -Mean November Flow
N= 58 F-Test=454
N= 58 F-Test=397
Q = 3.06 pl.46 Al.04 T-.0465 S-.116 E-.331 N=58 F-Test=l90
M
13C -Mean December Flow
Q ~ 12 •8 pl.56 A1.12 T-.0460 L.0959 S-.201 E-.620 N=58 F=9l
M
:;;;;;z;;.;z.....:~ _~;r.z -.. ~ · .Y""=:f·• '··. ;;. t , • ·-------.... -~
R2=.850
2 R =.840
2 R =.923
R2=.953
2 R =.946
2 R =.951
2 R =.962
R2=.968
2 R =.948
2 R =.919
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STATU$ OF Pl:c'L IC DOMAIN
LAND AND M'NE:flAL TITLES
MTP. ---·---···
fQ!! i)RUR$ _(FF!":CTING DISPO$~L OR i!$f:.i)(
1./f;l{:!t;.,Y[·rU> LA,..,c:i !fi[H2f;~lf•'l fCi? Ci.AS$1FI':4rtON.
M!N£RALS, I! AT£." .!MJ/Ct? OTHf"R FU6LIC PURPOSE$.
f!l:F.£8 T::'. I!.OEX Of" +f!SCE/..L4tf£011S OOCI/Mf!rTS._
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'II'• II-n PL. ~ Z • Z0-3 ~ .KC.t>:A:; ~YIR
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l'iith•n .PLO ~>'63 _________ .
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~i:liS/1971 Ak:"!iA< Corp
CAUTION
· -·nm TlTI. E A\ ll 1.\ \I) ST.\TI:', PECOFP'
OFT! a<· t1rnr·i~ ·\1'1' >'~.lT Lt:J;-~;r·>~T IH•F.
'fO ~i'\'-<;>_·l. ".T; \~,\ \i ;~; HY
_1J!!~ T-'.idFS 0/ TIP i;.Tf-~!1Ulr\
-~----:\:;..,1) }.l.~}-:;LL.LTL:ltl·;, \\.-H ~fi ~,\\'\f.S HY
Till: 11;;,., c\~,IJ ;,;-;I.H.JIO.\S I!Y
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----"ACUJ;~ Ui L\\D.
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/.'! ~-i···•. 1 ('!•'<'''!/
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AA·6646·A
UiTL!UU co::'.'r:Y A:;CE.
WHEREAS
Natives of Akhiok, Inc.
is entitled to ~ convcy~nce pursuant to Sc=s. l~(n) ~nd 2Z(j)
of the Al~ska Native Clajus Set:lc~cnt Act of ~~~c~bcr 18,
1971 (85 Stat. 688, 702, 715; 43 U.S.C. 1601, ltl3(~), 162l(j)
(Supp. V, 1975)), of the surface estate in the follo~ing
describld laud~:
LA..-iDS OUTSIDE Tllr KOlHAK NATIO:\AL l'iiLDLIF:: REf-UGE (PLO 1634)
Seward Meridian, Alaska (Surveyed)
Lot~ 1 and 2, U.S. Survey No, 46~7, Alasta, sJtuatcd
around tho village of Akhiok, Kndiak Island, Alaska.
C•:mtainin:; 472.12 acr~s.
Seward l!eridian, .daska (Unsurveyed)
T. 37 S., R. 311!.
Sec. 14 [fractionil), excludi~~ U.S. Survey 2073;
Sec. 15 (fractional), that portion o~tsidc PLO 1634;
Sec. LZ (!ractiopal), that port~on outside PLO 1634
and excluJi~g U.S. Survey 4657;
Sec. 23 (fractional), all;
Sec. 27 (fract~onal), excluding U.S. Survey 567,
U.S. Survey 4657 and U.S. Survey 4926;
Sec. 32 (fractional), that p.;;rtion outsiJ.u PLO 163-1;
Sees. ~3 and 34 (frr..ctional), .::11.
Containing ~pproxinately 835 acres.
Aggregated acreage o~tside PLO 1634 app>oxi~ately 1,307 acres.
J..A!';DS 'riiTHIN Ti-lE KODIAr NATICML HILDLIFE REFUGE (PLO 1634)
Seward Nericiian, Alaska (Un~urveyed)
~-~~R..!_.l_Q_~
!>ecs. 2 a:.a 3, all;
Sees. 7, iu an::i 11, ~:11;
Scc3. 13. 14 and 15, all;
Sc.:L 18 to 24 (fractior.al), il•clusivc, _all;_
Sec. 25 (fractional), excluding U.S. Survey 1889;
Se.:s. 26, 29 and 30 (fractio~al), all;
s~cs. 32 to 35 (fractio~al), inclusive, 311.
Containing approximately 9,855 acres.
T. ~~~_R ~'1'___!:..
Sec. 3, alr;
Sees. 4, 5 and 6 (fractiongl), all;
lnt~ri~ Conv~ya~ce ~o. '135
l1Jtc --l\::J't. zj_~~~------·------·------·
...
• . : • .. ~~ . ~J ... .: •
r.:;c. 7 (1·:~·~-=:·J ... ~.l), ~:::}:·.::. n u.~-.. ~·~: .... ·.·/ l ... '.itJ;
:.~r:. 3 (f:· .. ~·.·_o~i:l.), .. ;;
: .. c s • ~ :-.: .. : 1 ~ • '' i i ; .
~,·. C ~ • i 7 ~ :" ~~ J { f: ~ C t l...,. ~ ··!..) t j !. r: l !.! ~ .. ~ \ ,_. t :-.11 ;
~~c. 21, ~11; .
~~~cs. 2~, 30 :-.rd 31 .(fL.ctiou;.l) 1 :-.11;
Sec. 32, :.11.
Containing aj)!>roxiLia.u:lr 8,314 acres.
T. 36 s.~ 31 v. · Sccs-.:-.r;· o ~t:d/~al_l,
Sees. 9, lC anJ 11, all;
Sees. 15 to ~3, incl~sive, all;
Sees. :!6, 28 a:1d 2!:1 •· all.
Containin~ ~pproxica~ely 11,4Y6 acres.
T. :, 7 s . , n . 31 r: .
~cc. f;31Y; ____ _
·Sec. 2 (f~~ct~onal), all;
Sec. J (fractic~al), ~xcluding U.S. Survey 1224,
U.S. Surv~y 1~75 aad U.S. Survey 1976;
Sec. 4 t!rJctioa~l), cxcluJin~ U.S. Surv~y ~0
and ~;:lti'.".:! allut:;cnt A.\-7432;
Sec. 5, exclt:Jbg !:.::.tivc: u.llo!.ncnt. ~7432;
Sees. 6, 7 a~d 8, all; . i
Sc..:s. ::! to 12 (fract1o,:3.l), incltJsiv· ll;
Sec. 13 (fractjonal), excluding U.S.· ~urvey 1S4S
a~J U.S. Survey 2U73;
Sec.· 15 (fnctional), that i;ortion ~•ithin PI.O 1634;
Sees. 16 to 28. i~clusivc, nll;
C:ec ?1 (''·c'·· ;;-' liS C·lfVF-V 4f5'].•
; ~ c : ~ / ( 1 ~ .:1 ~ t ~ ,; ~ 2.1 ) : ~ i~ ~it :~ v r t .i o :1 ~-: i t !1 i :1 FLO 16 3 4
:nd excludin~ ~.S. Survey 4657;
Sec. ZS (fr~ctional), excluJing U.S. Survey 567,
li.S. $1:r'.~~Y' .... _2iJ t:: .. J U.S • .S 1Jl''."r·,: ~~L>S7:
Sec . .2Y (ira,:~.J.·.;n:il), "xclt:0i:lf, U.S. !:urvcr 4\i57
JnJ ~;::.tivc al.lct:;'::lt .\.-'1.·7431:
Sec . 3 u l { r a c t 1 o: 13 l ) , c x c 1 u .j in P . :-::1 t i v e 1\ ll o t n c n t ;.A-74 3 i. ;
Sec. 31 (fractlo~~l)_, all;
Sec. 32 (fractional)_, ti1.'!t portior. -...·.ithin PLO ~.534.
Containing api'rc.xir::otely lO,So!J acr£::s.
T. 3G ~R. 32 \'i.
Sc:>c. 1, afT;----.
Sees. 2, 10 a:-~d 11 (fnct.iunol), all;
Sees. 12, 13 and 14, all;
S::-c, l.i (fr:•ctio:J~·J), c::clc:di;c~ U.S. S:ti'"/ef 17-1,
U.S. Survc;.· 15/;:: .:,;1J U.S. Sc~:-\·c;.-15-:"S;
S~CS. 16, 17 z:;:J 1::;· Ur.>ctio;L;l), oll;
Sees. 1~ to 24, incJusivc, rll,
Cont~ining approxinitcly 8,442 acres.
T • 3 7 S • , R • 3 2 \\ • s" c s-:-1--;-TI~-T~iild 14 , a 11 ;
Sees. 15, Z2 and 23.(fr:~cticnal), all;
I . c .. :1~5 ntcr 1n cnvcyancc :.o. ___ !:'"~~--------
!J:1te ;:.-:'/? 1 7378
. ' . . .
: . . " ......
' . ' ~.l;
.. · •••. , .. , '::7 ~L~ "35 (f.r::ctio:-:::::t), :-.11.
C\.t;~t,:.: ~:~·~~~~·v::~r'\~t~_"lY 6,:~5 ~crt.:.:;.
Atnrc:5tLd ~crc~~c ~itht~ PLO 1634 npproxi~~tcly ~s,:
Total n~~rc:2ttd ncrc~gc npproxinatcly 56,648 aerc~.
1:0:1 J:::c:; YE, th:.t th.:-rc is, tlH.:rcforc, r;r.::mtcJ br t: ..
U~ITEU Sf~TES OF ~:l.~ICA, unto the ~bovc-no~cd corpor~t~.~
the surfccc cst::.tc in tho land t~bovc-dc-s-::ribcd, 1'0 E::::: /,: ·
TO HOLD the S:\id cst~tc llith all the ri~hts, privilq;~.:;.
i:::::;-,uniti(;s, ~nd ::,~r-::trtcn'l~t;,c:;, of \;hat~ccvcr natu;:c, t:-.... ·
bc1on::in~, unto the said cor1'orc. tion, its succcs:.;ors ~ •.. u
assigils, forc¥cr: _...,.,--.
EXCI:PTI~G N:D RESI:KVING TO THE U~ITEfl S'!'UES frcr.: t!
l~nds so srnntcJ:
1. The ::ubsurf~-:cc cstnte therein, and :11::. ri:;hto;,
prh•il!:_scs, i:.::.:unitics, and er;:;u;:-tc;-~:!lcc::, of
>fh1.t::;ov .. :n· n:ltu-.e, :-,cc;:ruing un<:o ~:!.id c;;t~.~~
pur~u~~t to t~~ Alaska Native Clai~s Settle 0~~
Act cf Dcc~~hcr 18, 1971 (85 St3t. G33, 70:;
43 U.S.C, 1601, 161.3(£) (Supp. V, 1975)); :c::J
1. PorsuJnt t'> Sc~. ::..7(b) of the Alaska Nni•c CL._
S~ttlc~cnt Act of Dccc~bcr 18, 1971 (85 St·t. ~ ·
7CS; 4.3 U.S.C. 1601, 1616(b) (S:zpp. V, 197.:)),'
:follc::in.:; public c::s·:.:~2,;nts, rcft:::t=nc.:·.l by l .
i<iC:ltL;cnion nu:-:bcr (EI:~) on the c:i~c ... :-:: :
in c:1:::o file AA-G6~ 6·EF., are rcsc:cvcd to ·.:·· .' !: .. :
Stotcs .::-.d 5ubjcct to further r;'!£Ul1.::!:ivP L;-~,-
n. (:::m G C6, D9, L) An C:t$c-:<::nt for r ----
acc~ss trail fifty (50) fc~t in ~iJt ~-
Olga Bay po.rallclinz the left b::~nk o ::: .' :
Creek northerly t~ Frazer Lake and puL ic
The usaE;c of ro:tds and trails •.;ill o::-c~·:. ~
by applicable S~ate or Fcclera1 l:w or H· .....
b~ (EX:; 6a C6, D9, L) A one (1) acr~ sit~ e:
upland of the r:l{'an high tide line in :;:;,:: •.. ,
T. 35 S., R. 30 W. • Sc;>:Jrd :.:~ridia!1, c:. ~.
S:-.ly;-.on Creek at the hc:1d of trail u:, f· c ·,
D9, L on Olr:a Bay. The site is for c:::· :.-
stJr,ing ~r.d vc~iclc use.
r:. (EDi 6b C6, 09, L) An casc":cnt fer n !'!C''
t.cccss trail t·.:cnty-fivc (ZS) !'ect in ;.·1.::.•
fro~ cxi~ting trail 5IN 6 C6, D?, L nP.r t .·
s~uthcrn border of Sec. 11, T. 35 S., ~. 3~
Sc;·:;~rd J.'cridian, eastei"ly to public 1;;:--,:r. ._
~cstcrly to Dog Salcoc Creek. T~e u~~~~ c •
roads and trails will be controlled by ~r:l~
cab1e State or Federal law or rcgu!nticn.
lnterit;o Convcynncc t\o. 135
--~ .. -----
Jht~
2 l ,~~hl
. -,_
-r\ •
,..,.,
{, ....... ..--
..
--~-... ---;.-....... ;----~___,.........
... ' •
(Public L&ncl Ordtr 1034)
fiM17tt)
ALJI.~KA
~l.S£_RVING I'UIILIC LAN!>!! A~ TilE KOPIAX
NATIOJHL WILDLJrt: u:n)GE; I!Z:VOKING
lX.tCUTIVI: O~D):ft HO. II~T OF AVCUST lf,
1141
Dy vtrtue or the nuthorlty ve~tf'tl In the
Presldf'nt and pursuant 1.<! Ex~cutlve
Ord~r No. 10355 of May 26, 1952, It Is
ordered a.• !ollmn ·
L .'3ubj~ct 1.<! vnlld cxl.,llng rl~h!A and
the provl.,lon' or pnra~:rnph• 3 and • or
lhl.' order. thr follow1rlR·d~scrihcd arena
In Alnskn arc h~rrby \l.'llhdrnwn from
R!l form~ or llflproprtnliOil IJOdrr the
publlc-lnnd lnw.s, lncludlnl( the mlnln~
ln'O.'' but not the mlnrral-lr-n•.tng Jawa
nor dl,po.,nl~ undPr the n<'t of July 31,
1047 1111 Htnl. 681 >, '"' nmcndcd by the
nc l o( July 23. l 055 1511 Stn L 367; 30
u. 13. c. 601-60'1'. ann n•rrvl'rl unocr
)url~tllcOnn of the t~nltrd Fltnlr! l"l~h
nnrl Wildlllc 8f'rvlcr. D~pnrlrntnt or th~
lntcrlor, ns n rdtu:c nnd lnccdlnr.-11round
for brm>:n b<'nr:\ nnd otilrr w!ldllfe. as
the Kodlnlc Nntlonal Wlldllfe ncrlllll;:
AH ()f l'jtt~nlk: J,dan•l lnrn.tf"U 111'"1\r tht
l'lnrth t'IH1 or Kodtak h::,nd ln nppr<•llfnl'\lf
1AUturt,-!11 ~:}' N. lrtnJ.:It\ldt' JSJ•2t' V.':
All thP.t JH'IIrt ur Kt>fil.tk lAlaod ly
and ~ot..tthwt".~Jt o! K~krw:fa nay atal
llA.)' nnd lht' foJiov.lnF:-dr~crlbtd bntJndary:
Bt'S:lHnlnp; nt A point at the hf"nd and on
thf" north Alwreo nt Vlr.kodA. Da)'. btltud~
fi7•4D'3:2'' N .. lnur.ltt~dt-1.~-J·o:·Jt" w, r~p
JHnzlmnlt'l)' 0 3 OJll~ north !rom tin· tn<111l
aouthl"fly point or tflld bn)". thrnrt-
Enflt. l mtlr apprnxlmnt~ly, Lo th~ t11\·ln~
hr-t'll.·rrn Vlrkoda Bny onrt 4 t\rt";un nowlni
rwrth.,.,..,t,.riv Jnlt) anld hny:
t)outhf"Mt<>.r!y, I m!it App~oltmRtf"lf. to th~
dlvJdco btt\4'('f"n Vl'fkuda lh:y and Ki~hUyltli;
Dnr:
&)t:thrrly, R!mltt thr rnf)unt.1h10ua dlv!d~
•·htrh tra\·r-t,.,("A th,. C'f'h~t•r of thr tahnul to
11. point 1 mllr-~ nnrth o( the ht"ad or KtHuda
Bnr. tht-nr·c lf'l\\tnC' thf' m"Jn dl\'ldt",
tiot:thrrly. klon;t tht" apttr hf'lWf'rn two
minor tlralna~t:t'!ll. tn lhr llhnre of KdiUCil' l\l;y
nt VAUM 4!>; lnttt~Jdi" 57 18·4~·· N .. lorq:lludr
lb.1 10 W., t>'\crpting t't:f"tt!rum tht Knrlui.
hHllnn H('!'C'TVI\lJ'tll
Tllr arcn dr•nlb~d contntn~ npprox-
lmnlri,· 1 .e2o.ooo nC'rr'>.
2. FX<TUthr Order No 8857 Of Atii<USl
lP, l!l41, whtch orhtlnally cntnbli•hrd thl'
Kotila>: Nnt1onal Wllcfllfc Rcfu~e. ls
hcrrbr rcvok!'d.
I' ••
j693
PL~-> '-, :~ •I
5 ~ 1-~-::::
3. Tile ••lthdrawAI made uy jH;ra:;r·n;lh
of thfs nrder r.:1all rtol LP· con:.~t 1..~t :..1 co
Rffr-ct vnHd t:'Xl-~tin;.: rh:hts i0''"'fql~y
inltiA.trd R.nd duly mruntaUH'·~ lr1 ,~.rr .;d-
fiiiC'C wllh r.ppll( ablt ~tltt'.rtr•lY r-
mrnl~ nnd r!"~lllntinn~ or !n :;(·{:.-\!! L(f
with the prO\ 1:--.lon' nf f.).h:\J~.j·, (' (;:
r-.:n. 8fL~7. p10Vldr<t that \Jl10~! '.Lr C'l\i;-
CtllnUon. t!'rmlnnUun. or n·!t'H.M· of prlvr
f"ntrles. M::l('CUrJJ\."l, rightt... nppr<'pr!Ol.t!OM
or cln lmt, or upon thr r~voc11l!on o! pr:or
~·!~hdr:r.~r·A.i~ ( ur!!c~-. cxp: r:-:.:-,ly othc:-<J. Lt:
pro\'lded 1n the order or wlth<lrr.w~,p the
b nds a IT rctrd thcr rlJ}' sl: .\:i :mrnr ;1;;, tc Jy
ttrcom~ toubjcct to ~l·1r \\\tLdrn•J.o,1 ni~uJe
by thL'\ ord('r ~-IUin;Jt fqrthr-r on1rr.
4. Th~re bs rxcf'~}l('d. (rn~n tLc v.l~h
drnu.·ill rnade by l'Hlilt~:nph l of tL;s
ordC'r an nrt·n one mil<' .•• .. q;Jnrr ~-.Jf:"OIH1<~ •
ln.: rnch of the nntive \·;:::~~ro or Old
Habor. Akhiok, L.ucrn Hav. t·::nr:iK,
tlyol:. Alita}:. Ayflkul:i<, !ind Xc,·.·llya<.
5. The ltUidS l'x;Cludcd rrc~n U:\' l\'~l;~·e
b\· the fC\'0\flUon or I:xn U!JH_' (;; r r :;.~
0857, and not wHh;tr~\l:n t:y p,;t :1;:1 a!Jh
l or th1~ ordPf'. n1 P ~nrluderl !n U1<' '.\·,u·~ ..
ctrnwni f0r f'ln."'-'\.lnrs;Uon nnd lr1 nU oi
lrvbl!ttlnn tnndf' by Ext·cull·;r 0: dr~
83H of r'rbrUtHY 10, I!HO.
F•J:o ~ .Suro:<.
StcrctarJi f•/ tt:r J~rtr"'tD".
MA'I" 9. 19~8
f'P' R. Due. ~8 J(;'.>r.-· r":!rd. }.1.~y H':
a ·~ ,.. ul
c;
,,
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..
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£.o. 88S7
ALASJU
By virtue of the i.uthonty vested ln me
by the act or .June 25, uno, c. 4:11, 56
Stat. &·n, a~ amended by the act of
August 2-l, 1912, c. 369, 37 Stat. '97, It Ia
ordered U1At. !br the purpose of protect.-
lng the natural feeding and breeding
rangea o! U1e brown bears and other wlld·
life on Uganlk and Kodiak Island.!,
Alaska, without undue Interference with
the raising of cattle and other llve.<~tock
thereon, both w!.ldll!e and llvr11tocll.:: being
of economic value to the Inhabitant..'! o!
Lhe Island&, all o! the hereinafter-
described areas of land and wnter of the
United Btate3 lying on U~nlk Tslnnd
and on the v.·estcrn port!un O'{""I:::"o<'ffl~
~ Alaska. comprising 1.957,000
acres more or less. be. and they are
hereby, subJect to valid existing rights,
Withdrawn nnd rt•.scrved !or the U • .'\C of
the I;K:pr~r!:.l!!f.ll~ gJ _!.h~ Interior and the
Ala.$lm_ Game Commlsslon·--a:a a refuge
and breedlnK irl:iund '!or l:li:own bcnra and
other wlldllfe tor cnrrylng out Lhe pur-
poses of the Alnska Oame Lnw o! Jnnuary
13, 1925, 43 Stat. 730. U S.C., title -48,
!leC!!. 192-:All, Bli amended:
8~WAlU> MV!lt>!AK
All of U~ulllt hlanG locaU'd n~ru the north
eml or Koulnk l!lnnd In apprm:imatfl latttude
07'63' N, longHUdi! lt\3.21' W.;
All ot that part ot Kodl&k !!land lying
..,...,t o! the !ollowlng-dcs.crlbed b<>Uild~try:
lkgtnnlng at an Initial point at " gap on
the divide between the woteno of Kl>.huyalc
BAY ana Ugak Bay located approximately one
mile Wt'~t of the oummlt of Crowr> Mountain
In approximate lntllude 67'36' N., longH ude
162'116'30" w .. and from r,ald Initial point
nortbeuterly wtth the m.llln \;lralnaf!e course
to the ~outh fild of K!zhuyai Dny, ll.nd 101&0
from 1!8ld lnlt.Jal point with the main drain-
age courst' eoutherly to the western reaches
of Oge.lt nay, !}'~eJ:l..~1.n.il.Jr.om the above-de-
JOCribcd arro. thf propno.cd Indian lte!ll'rvatlon
for the lnhnbltnnta or the native v!llnr,e or
KnrlulC, AlMka, 1\uthorlzed by ,...ctlon 2 o! the
act or May 1, lll36. 4\'l Stat. 1250. dellcrlbe<l u
rollowa:
BeglnniDR at the fDd of .. point of land
on the 6hate of Bhdlko! Strait on Kodllli Ia-
11\nd, IIAld point being about one sn<l cne·
quart<'r miles ~Mt of Itocl<}' Point t.nd In ap~
proxlmst.e llltltude 67'39'40" N .. longitude
164.12'20" W.;
Thence south approximately eight mllea to
latitude 67"32'30"N.;
Th~uce we«t approxl.n:l.Ately twtlve and one•
hall mllee to the !'olllluence of tile nortll
abor~ of Sturgeon River wllll the u..~~t ~;hoT11
of Bbelllr.o! Strait;
Thence northustt!rly following the eaat.erly
abore of Shellko! 8tra1t to tile pll•oo of beRin-
nlng, containing appronmat.ely ~~·
~----~.......---.---,-----------·-·--·-·--~-----·
t.:..--,, )l .) .{
'!--' -~7--1 I
None ot the abon-drv.-rlb<'d lnr~ds, t!..: ..
c;_cpl__!l-.l~rlll Qnt: m..!Je !Jl wh:lUl_ll.iou.&.JlJC
ahore Une, wall be 'ubJect to ~ttlc'mcnt,
location, aa.le, or other dlspo!~.ltlon undtr
any ot the public-land Ia ws appllcnble l.o
Ala5ka, or to cla..e,slficallon and ka:stl un·
der the provisions of the act ot Jul1 3;
1926, entlUed "An Act tD provide for the
leasing of public land~ 1n Al!l.Sh for fur ·
farming. and lor other pur)'X'!Ies". H Stat.
s:a. u.a.c .. title 48. 6tr!. 360-Jal. or the
a.et of March 4, 11121. entitled "A.n Act lo
provide for the protr-ctlon. dcvdopmcnt.
and uUlJzo.tlon of the public lknci!! lu
Alaska by et;tl\bl!.~hlog IU1 adl'QUatc !fl•
tem lor gn•x.ing JIITStodt th!:'rcon", H
Stat. 145:1, U.B.C .. title 48, ~tClL 471-471o;
ProtJidcd, however, Timl as to the 5nld
iilrlp of land one statute mlle in .,..•\dUl
bordcrlng on the shore llne~. prlrr.ar)'
Jur!sdictlon lhrrcover mull rrm!L!n In the
~nrral Lnnd Otnce of thr l)l:pnrtmrnt c.:
the Interior, nr'd lt.s rrs;:rvatlr.n and usc
as a pnrt o! t.hc Kodlal). Nn~lcr::<l W!lrlllfe
Refuge wall be without lntcr!nencr v:lth
the U£-e and ctlspo.<ltlon thereat pur~·unr~t
to the publlc-Jn.nd lnw~ o.ppllc:cblf' to
.Aln~>lm: Provided Jurthr~. TI1at any iR.nds
within the dc~.crib..-d n.r('a9 \hnt arc· oth-
erwise wlthdra"'n or rcs(·nl'd ~tl.lll 1~
arrectcd by thl5 orclrr only ~-'l fr.r !I< m~<Y
be con~;lstent v.1th the t~'A:.'\ and I.'Urposcs
tor which r;uch pllor w!thdraV.'::Il or rcs-
ervalion v:M made: And proridcd furl her,
That Ul-'On U1e lf;rm!n:~twn of !UlY P'lv~lle
right to or approprJr,tlon of ~.ny ;>ubl:r
lands wlthln the extrrlor l!mJu or the
a.rcas Included In this rcsnvn t!cn. or :1pon
lhe rcvocaUon o! prior wlthdr!\wal.s u:J-
less expressly otherwise provided In the
order or revocation, the lnnrh Involved
shall become a part of tbe rduge.
So !ar n~ any of the al:r:we-cle~; ibNl
Jn.nda at(' n/Tect<·d th0rcb)'. the :-r scrvn-
tlon made by this order !'c.hh.li H .. 1·tr "'-'':'-'
t!l~C_l!l~-~ary Wlll:dmwa.l fllr c::.t:,si.flc:.-
t!Otl nnd oti-!er ·pur;X>~·~ mnde by Execu-
. Uve Or.~er. ):l'9"'_.B344' _or FcLruary lC
1940. .
Nothing In thls orJer shall be con-
strued to prerJude the tXCrCi5C or. or
limit. the uutt10r!ty of the S·cc·e:;,ry n
lhe Interior under the pro\'!s!Gm or !lrc
tlon 2 of the act or l>h:l' 1, 1S35, c. 254
-49 Stat. 1250. or or othrr f. Y,!<.t:np: !aw~
·to dcsignnte Indian rncnT,Uon~ on th•
aren..5 hen:by re!',av,..d at ;;•_;rh t.1:ne
t!nws a.s lt rnny b(•comr nccP'S'l~Y cr de
s!rable to do so. TI1e cirsiF n•'l t:o:J o!
such Jnd!nn rc:•,:rv<l:\0:: b'l· U·c
of the Int.crlor sh11l; efl'c; t the rc:rnova.
ot the lanct'l lncludcd lherd:1 !;-<:>rr: t
reruge eslnbl!shL'd h~'rrby.
TI1!s rescrvat!on ~hull be L<o'o\·n M th
:.Lxi!ni:: Natlo<1al W!ldll!e H.efu~E.
"f"-,t Kl'f'!cr.~-L:r-1"~x·yJ::t:r
Tall WHITI Housx .
.AU!ll!.St 19, 1P41.
[No. S857J
r7?. /f 'f/ I, ..,.,. ';;. x,-)
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Form 1274-2
(March 1965)
((om••rly 4-95~) SERIAL REGISTER PAGE
UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF Tl!E INTEi<IOR
BUREAU OF LAJ'-'1\ '·''~At,'\'1 ~,"!
Legal Reference
Act of May 17, 1906 (34 Stat. 197)
N .. me and Mailir'l8 Addrell8
George Phillips, Sr.
Akhiok, Alaska 99615
Description of Land
File Code I Serial Nu~:nber
2561 AA-7431
Fractional SW~;:NW\, NH!;;SW~ Sec. 29; SE!-;;NE~, Fractional NE\S
T • 3 7 S • , R . 31 W . , SH
Sec. 30,
As shown on the attached portion of a copy of USGS Quadrangle 'lap
Trinity Island D·-1 which becomes a part of this application.
DATE OF ACTION
3/28/72
4/5/72
MAY 13 1975.
MAY 2 3 1975
',JUN 1 3 \1j'l5.
July 16, 1975
.. / ~-
SJ . ., '
--------------------·--
ACTION TAKEN
Application received. je
Ack. sent. je
O'ECISION: "Nnt;ve Allotment Application ancl );v!_d~D_C!;
of Occupancy Rejec_te9.,'1
r;:lofice of appeal rec'd { /!LS..::) t.'--:J
Cu~c file ti:t\15-mltted 0n nrpra1 to mLA
fwm ALO decision da!Nl MAY 1 3 1975 .!'..n
ISL~ Decision: Set aside and reman
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For.n 1274-2
(M 1<rch l <.(1 <;) SERIAL REGISTE'R PAGE
Cfo~trn1:"r1) 4~-v~•> ____::=.:_:_:_:.:...____:_ ___ ..
Leii,Hl Reference Sees. 12 and lG , Act of
December 18, 1U71 (4:-l USC liiO 1)
-~ ----·--·
Nwme and Mnilit1+: Addrcs"
~'"'¥tttre:S ~FAk'ht~{<:Ii:io.
~kifn olH~U:I~gl!
Akhlokxaurnr:stntwn
AA1i1okrxAm;skacxsss:ts>
Ralph E:luska, Vice Pr•·:.idw:1
tlaiives of Akhiok, lr
:;;028 ! 1i I I s
Ar1choraae, A I aska ':19';0•i
Description of Lund
-------
l'\\lTLD ~-, ,,.J IS
DEPARTMI::·n C:l· i 111·. L'\';·, i\iC1!-:
; ~ ~ ''·' J A {; ( I i 1 /'< '';) • ' ••
f·ii(~ (.'nd(· Ser1.1i :~~;L '"·r
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T.37S;,R.31W. Sew.~rd Nc::ician, fr:Jction<!l; Sccd(;::c~ 1,2 E:/.C]L:.: :.:; .L' b.::;OC! ;:,~ :-]:: r·.;:
l!,J ~;:xcluding 10711Cl R/h' D/C USE iS'76, .101 J.lCO f.,';> :./r :..;::;::; .c 0 7c, .; !!.\'C.'"JJ.~-; ,,A , .; :.;•
IA Apln, U$S 50 C~:t 19 r~/;1 D/C Sal, 5 urcl:.:di.nc.: ,:.-'. ~--iJ:! ;;: Ar !;: . C<-f _: _. ,._, -~.::·~;
1071614 P./h' D/C USS 2073, !.C'!I'J1.22 Rj;.; D/C Uf.:.> ],';.J'), :..;-1.£, _: 1 ··::-!wlir:. UJ;:: •• ,-: -~· ·'
20, 21-22 ex<.:l;.:dir.q 7:.0C1G';? l'.khiJ;k ?:!:o: .~plu, 21, ;>;· ex::::::.ud~:-:.· ;··;·=:; .";c;: :·:s
Ap!.n, 23 exc:ludiroq i:O .:.1;;.; :icl Ech.::>o::. Pur, 2;1:! :.:.m.:675 ,~·.);;o.:.; ':::": ;.;J.::, ··;-<:
excluding r:A 74]! .i.~ i'.pln, 31-:i.J.
I -1
OF ACTION
10 September 1974
~~ov. 2C, 1977
~lav. '">Q, 1C!77-
Nov. 18, 1q77
Dec. 19, 1q77
Jan. 30, 1978
JULe 15, 19/i.)
July 11, 1978
ACTIO!'." TAKEN
Application received. gm.m
m·:CISIO~:
I.cnd..c:: Proner 'for V_i1L..,c~e Se1~:cti0'1
_~:\D'lroved for Interim rf]nvevance or Patei1t
NI'JITCE 0~ A~P"J\L RECEIVED ~ 1'\1l.S 77-lL~ and V1~/ "i)
A:Jpe.al Dlsrm.sscd (VLS 7o-ll) -
D::cision of the Bureau of L'i.Tld l'k!flElt':jClTlult d..1ted
Novmiber 18, 1977 Affirrred. (VLS 77-15)
Partial Decision and Order to Disriss ;
Order to Segregate (VL .. S 77-lf") :fk
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DATE OF ACTION Pa e 2
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ACTIO!' TAKEN ;.,
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T36S f< J:)\',' SH; F:Jctknill Sec::ons 3-6, 7 ,,xc!uding 2060790 f.·'.',' [) · r1.
c~:clur..n:; AA (:;.;45 P :~r.ln, ~. li!-11. Z:J-3:.
T35S H3l1'.' S~-1. F::-ac:tJ-Jnal 5·}ctwns 4, 5, 9 exc-ludint; !029503 R. ',\ 'J
51::!270 HI\~ iJ/C :ir.d 10n~97 R/\\ D/C. a:1d AA 7588 IA Apl::. e.::r:
R/i'.' D/C s~1, 12-15. 17. l!:, 24-29.
T35S R32'.',' S.'\:. Fractio:--~al S'~t:tions 11-14, 15 exclud::1c; AA 1:::2
e:-:.cluG~!r;: A .. '\. 71&2 IA Apln, 1S, 20 excluC.ing t..:.nn;,med :z:::-:e. ::1
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c -> 9.
T36S R31\\' SM: Fr<lctlon:>l Se<::ti:::ms 4, 6, 7, 9-12 exclduir.;
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excluding 11!:2606 R/1-\ D/C nne l1o2316 R./i'.; D/C,:!6 ~xcl:..:ci:-.~ _.;,t:
Pwr. Proj. 1577, 28, 2£. cxc:'~<Hng u::mamed lake, :10 xcbd:::,g ~; ..
31-32, 36-
T36S r-.:nw SM; Fracticr.al Scctior.s 1, 2. 10, J 1-1.; e:Y!cud.r:-~
excludii'g Cert 11 H/W D/C ;:md 1029504 RlW :;iC ;,nd 1021\Jc~ ;;,. ;·;
lR, 23-::-l cxkuding um:amed lal-.:e. 25, 26, 35. :G exciurli:--.v,
T 375 R J2W SM; Fractional Secto:1s 1-3. 10-15. 22-2 7. 3G.
T3ES .R:-t::W Sl·!: Frac~ional Scct::::-ns 1, 2. 12 ::!Xcluding CJ337i~ h
T385 n:l1W s:.I; Fractior.al Sections 4-!i, lB. 19.
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DATE OF ACTION
SERIAL REGISTER CONTINUATION SHEET
3
UNITED STATES DF.PARTMENT OF THE YNTI·:RJOR lll!lH<A!! OF !.A~;!
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ACTION TAKEN
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Di\ TE OF ACTION
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ACTION TAKEN
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·, .Form 1274-3 (March 1 Qo!S) (lom1rr!y 4-~5••)
DATE OF ACTION
Jl' .r
SERIAL REGISTER CONTINUATION 5HEET \ UNITED STATES DEPART~T~:T OF T!!E !ST! F:DP lllll-'LI-.t: OF LASf\ MJ\~,J\l,i.ME~;T
Pav.<-
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ACTION TAKEN
'Sf'"r ial NunJ,er
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D.I\TE OF ACTION
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ACTION TAKEN
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Form 1274-3
(March l Qh.'i)
(turmerly •-IJ~-c .. )
DATE OF ACTION
4/8/76
11-2~·-78
1-31-79
SERIAL REGISTER CONTINUATION SHEET
ACTION TAKEI'
Amended application received:
UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF TilE INTE!<lOR
lltJIU·;AU <W I.AI\1: MANAGEMENT
AA6646-A
The followinf lands comprise appromimately 90: of
Refuge entitlement for Akhiok village application AA 664
which Akhiok considers its first priority for convevance.
T 37S .• R 31W., S.M.
Please include in the selection U. S Survey4657, lots l ~
& USSurvey 4926, Lot 1, Block 4; the selection includi
allotments is approximately 12,424 acres.
T 36S., R 31W., S.M.,
2nd round selection included sections 13,14,24,27,33,
35 as an effort to close "holes" in this tm·mship.
consider South Lakes navigable, the a reaoe for this
township would approximate then 17,697 acres.
T 365., R 32W., S.M.,
This section of priority #l (colored yellow on selection
considers South Olga Lake to be a naviqable t1ody c1f '.-Jater
therefore the lake has been oroperly excluded.
T 3 6 S . , R 3 OW . , S . M • ,
Include this township as selected in yellow color as
priority #l. Its approximate acreage excludinu [A-~
i s 8 , 2 2 4 acres .
T 37S., R 32W., S.M.,
Include the priori1;yl selection v1hich is colored yello1·<
on the application and approximates 6,265 acres.
T 3 5 S • , R 3 OW . , S . M. ,
Include lands in section 26 in our description. Also
include the area described in this townshiP with our
priority #1 selection.
Overall total approximates 61,980 acres.
The priority #1 selection of approximately61, acres
comprises approximately 89% of Akhiok's entitlement
refuge lands.
No lands other than priority #1 will be selec lb
Interim Conveyance #135 issued. S face.
Interim Conveyance # I 36 issued. ubsudace. /\~" ~ \, .. ·
IC Issued. hv
.... , . .
DATE OF ACTION
5-23-79
Pu;:e Serial ~umber
8
ACTION TAKEN
IC# 192 issued to the Natives of Akhiok for the
described lands;
Lands Within the Kodiak Nat i ona I \'J i I d I i fe Ref us:;Eo
CPubl ic Land Order 1634)
Seward Meridian, Alaska (unsurveyodl
T. 36 S., R. 31 W.
Sec. 25 (fractional), excluding U.S. Survey 2500
and U.S. Survey 2371
Sec. 36 (fractional), alI.
Containing approximately 441 acres.
fol I ow ins,:
he
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