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Wind Energy Study of Selected Communities in the North West Territories, December 1995
WIND ENERGY STUDY OF SELECTED COMMUNITIES IN THE NORTH WEST TERRITORIES PREPARED FOR: The CANMET Energy Technology Centre (CETC) Energy Technology Branch, Energy Sector Department of Natural Resources Canada Ottawa, Ontario, PWGSS Contract No. 23440-4-1365/01-SQ December, 1995 PREPARED BY: Cheriyan & Associates Box 1173 Yellowknife, NWT, X1A 2N8 Tel: (306) 584-9803: Fax: (306) 584-7917 as a subcontractor for The Science Institute of the North West Territories SCIENTIFIC AUTHORITY: Raj Rangi The CANMET Energy Technology Centre - Wind Energy Energy Technology Branch, Energy Sector Department of Natural Resources Canada 580 Booth Street, 13th Floor Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0E4 December 09 . 1998 CITATION Cheriyan & Associates and The Science Institute of the North West Territories , Wind Energy Study of Selected Communities in the North West Territories: Prepared for The CANMET Energy Technology Centre (CETC), Energy Technology Branch, Energy Sector, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, 1998. (64 pages). Copies of this report may be obtained through the following: The CANMET Energy Technology Centre (CETC) Energy Technology Branch, Energy Sector Natural Resources Canada 580 Booth Street, 13th Floor Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0E4 Tel. (613) 996-6220; Fax: (613) 996-9416 or Intellectual Property and Technical Information Management (IPTIM) Library and Documentation Services Division, CANMET Department of Natural Resources Canada 555 Booth Street, 3rd Floor, Room 341 Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0G1 DISCLAIMER This report is distributed for informational purposes only and does not necessarily reflect the views of the Government of Canada nor constitute an endorsement of any commercial product or person. Neither Canada nor its ministers, officers, employees or agents make any warranty in respect to this report or assume any liability arising out of this report. NOTE Funding for this project was provided by the Federal Panel on Energy Research and Development, Department of Natural Resources Canada. Catalogue No. M91-7/443-1998E ISBN 0-662-27385-0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .......scsccccssocsesscsecsesessessssescessesserees 1 1.1 BACKGROUND .......ccscscscsserssercscscececerencecesensenssceseres 3 1.22. RENEWABLE ENERGY - A PROMISING BENEFIT FOR THE NORTH ........ a 13 RENEWABLE ENERGY OPTIONS FOR THE N.W.T. u.scscsccccrssscersecececcerereeces 5S 14 WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM (WECS) RECENT WIND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN CANADA _ .......cccsssssssseessesevers 7 COMMUNITY PROFILE ........cccssssssscccssssesesssssseess 8 FOUNDATIONS FOR ARCTIC WIND TURBINE INSTALLATIONS. .......ccccccssssssersececeeeeeeee 9 CONCLUDING REMARKG .........ccccsssscsessscesceceeseeses 9 REFERENCES. u......cccssssssssccssersssssssessseesececseceecerseeees 10 APPENDIX .....cccsscsccscsscecsccecsccerscsessccerscsecseccsceceeseeses il 1.1 INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND A key element of the Northwest Territory (NT) Energy program is to promote sustainable development, a concept that has gained broad global acceptance in recent years. The concept was formally tabled in 1990 as a Government of Northwest Territories (GNT) Policy that states: “The concept of sustainable development will apply to all decisions and actions of the Government related to natural and heritage resources in the Northwest Territories.” The Renewable Energy Technologies (RET) e.g., Wind, would play a significant role in the promotion of sustainable resource development. To many people, “energy” means “oil”. This most certainly is the case in the North. In the NT., 84% of the energy Territorial residents consume is in the form of petroleum products. When the consumption of fuel for the production of electricity is included, almost 90% of the energy consumption in the NT. comes from the refined petroleum products (RPP), primarily diesel fuel and fuel oil’. Most of these RPPs are imported. This makes the N.T. extremely vulnerable to changes in world energy prices and drains money from the NT. economy. To avoid the economic leakage, a recent (1992) study on the NT. energy strategy recommends that more efficient use of RPPs and the substitution of local and renewable energy should be strongly encouraged." The study points out that presently, the NT.’s energy system cannot be considered “sustainable” over the long term, both because it is based on exhaustible resources and because of its impact on the environment. Renewable are thought to hold great potential for alleviating the concern both for security of energy supply over the long term, and for the environmental impacts of energy production, transmission and use. In the Northern context, it is important to note that the high birth rate and large-family ethic of both the indigenous and immigrant Southern population, is placing extreme demands on all delivered services in the communities. There seems that, there is little that can be done to make the economy grow to match the increase. The implementation of the Renewable Energy Program, therefore, should be viewed as a great economic opportunity for the North. 1.1 INTRODUCTION CONTEXTE Un des principaux éléments du Programme énergétique des Territoires du Nord-Ouest vise la promotion du développement durable, une notion qui, dans les derniéres années, a été largement reconnue partout dans le monde. Celle-ci a fait officiellement son apparition en 1990 alors que la politique adoptée par le gouvernement des Territoires du Nord-Ouest stipulait ce qui suit : «Le principe du développement durable va s’appliquer a toutes les décisions et a toutes les mesures prises par le gouvernement qui se rapportent aux ressources et au patrimoine naturels 4 |’intérieur des Territoires du Nord-Ouest.» Les techniques d’énergies renouvelables, telles que celles reliées a |’énergie éolienne, auraient un important réle a jouer dans la promotion du développement durable des ressources naturelles. Pour un grand nombre de personnes, la notion «d’énergie» s’apparente a celle de «pétrole». C’est certainement le cas, la plupart du temps, dans les régions du Grand Nord. Dans les Territoires du Nord-Ouest, 84 % de l’énergie consommée par ses habitants adopte la forme de produits pétroliers. En y ajoutant la consommation de combustible pour la production d’électricité, c’est prés de 90 % du bilan énergétique des Territoires qui se trouve constitué de produits pétroliers raffinés, surtout le diesel et le mazouti. La plus grande partie de ces produits pétroliers raffinés provient d’exportations. Cet état de fait rend les Territoires particuliérement vulnérables aux changements qui interviennent dans les prix mondiaux de 1!’électricité et contribue a drainer des capitaux a l’intérieur de son économie. Dans le but d’éliminer ce gaspillage de fonds, il était recommandé, dans une récente étude (1992) sur la stratégie énergétique des Territoires du Nord- Ouest, d’utiliser les produits pétroliers raffinés d’une maniére plus rationnelle, en plus d’encourager sans réserve le remplacement des énergies locales par des énergies renouvelablesii. L’étude en question donnait a entendre que le systéme énergétique actuel des Territoires ne pouvait étre considéré comme «durable» a long terme en raison, d’une part, de son assise liée A des ressources épuisables et, d’autre part, de ses répercussions sur environnement. L’opinion générale veut que les énergies renouvelables offrent de grandes possibilités d’apaiser les craintes en ce qui concerne la fiabilité 4 long terme des approvisionnements en énergie, ainsi que les répercussions environnementales consécutives a la production, au transport et A l’utilisation de cette méme énergie. Dans le contexte des régions nordiques, il est important de noter que le taux élevé des naissances et les habitudes de vie des grandes familles au sein de la population locale et des immigrants en provenance du sud entrainent une demande élevée au chapitre des services fournis 4 la communauté. II semble donc que peu de choses ne soient possibles 4 entreprendre pour harmoniser la croissance économique a cette augmentation. En conséquence, la mise en application du programme des énergies renouvelables doit étre envisagée comme un grand pas vers le développement économique du Nord. 1.2 RENEWABLE ENERGY . A PROMISING BENEFIT FOR THE NORTH The development of renewable energy, if properly implemented, offers a number of benefits to the North. With the successful development of innovative technologies, RET could ultimately supply a significant portion of heating and electricity requirements of the N.W.T.. decreasing dependence on imported oil. Renewable energy resources are dispersed, and in one form or another, are available throughout the Northern communities. ¢ The growth of the renewable energy industry would help the NT. economy. It will create jobs in producing and converting feedstocks and in manufacturing and assembling related equipment and facilities. ¢ RET for cold climates developed in the NT. could be exported to markets in other Canadian provinces and circumpolar countries. ¢ RET are relatively environmentally benign, using available environmental control technology. They have few toxic effects on the air, land, or water. ¢ RET can be implemented without negative economic or social impacts on Northern communities. Today the well-being of the NT. is based in part on its ability to sustain economic growth by efficiently using the expensive RPPs (Refined Petroleum Products). Consequently, the goal of the Renewable Energy Program is to ensure that the NT. has an adequate and diversified supply of energy available at reasonable costs. The basic strategies for attaining this goal are to adapt existing renewable technologies to suit Northern climate, to develop balance of the system using local resources, and to promote a balanced and mixed energy supply. Without the development of Renewable Energy, the NT. will become even more dependent on imported RPP’s. Reliance on these fluctuating, unstable RPPs could have far- reaching, adverse effects on every aspect of a fragile NT. economy. Therefore it is important, in the interest of the health of the NT. economy, to develop renewable energy resources - this insurance is a good investment. 13. RENEWABLE ENERGY OPTIONS FOR THE N.W.T. In a 1988 Energy Mines & Resources, (EMR) sponsored study’ on Energy Options for the NT. Communities, a number of RETs have been identified: hydroelectric, wind, biomass (mainly wood), passive and active solar heating and photo voltic (PV) system - direct electricity from the sun. The most promising options can be narrowed down to four major areas and one minor area of RET. (1) Biomass (wood pellets) (2) | Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) (3) Solar Energy (a) PVSystem (6) Solar Heating (4) Energy Currency (hydrogen and fuel cells) (5) Microhydro The aforementioned technologies are at different levels of development, and exhibit different characteristic. It is beyond the scope of the present investigation to discuss the advantage and disasvantages of the five technologies mentioned above. It can be stated, however, that Renewable Energy Technologies (RETs) can be classified as (a) proven technologies (b) market ready and (c) emerging technologies. The Science Institute of the Northwest Territories has established priorities for renewable energy according to the said classification. The highest priority has been given to proven technologies, and Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) has been identified as one of the high priority items due to success of Cambridge Bay installation in 1994" . 1.4 WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM (WECS) According to CERI‘ study, many communities located in the Arctic islands, along the Arctic coast and west coast of Hudson Bay are potentially good sites for wind generated electricity. Due to the intermittent nature of this source, the most realistic option for the N.W.T. communities is to establish wind/diesel hybrid systems. An attractive feature of WECS is that the wind blows stronger in the winter when demand for energy is the greatest. According to wind energy experts’ the realization of a high penetration of wind energy into an electrical grid supplying a typical Northern community > Energy Options For Northern Canada. Nicholls, Graham. Energy Options Conference, Yellowknife, 1987. ‘ Private communication with Dr S. Y. Ahmad, Executive Director of the Science Institute (NT) 1995. ® Canadian Wind Energy Technical and Market Potential. Draft EMR Report, 1991. of 1000 persons, would involve installation of a number of wind turbines and would create several full time operating and maintenance positions. The wind electricity would displace about 200,000-400,000 liters of fuel oil per year. As well, there would be a substantial reduction in hours of operation of diesel engines and a reduction in O&M cost for the diesel component of the total energy. These savings, translate into reduced requirement for and delay of diesel engine repairs and replacement, The market for wind - diesel is expected to develop not only in the remote Arctic communities but also on islands and at such facilities as remote luxury hotels, municipal sewage and pumping stations distant from the grid, remote military establishments and research and exploration camps. The estimated installed wind power potential for the NT. is approximately 30 MW, according to a recent study on “Canadian Wind Energy Technical and Market Potentials”.” As a result, it was considered most appropriate to gather information from a number of NT Communities with reference to wind energy system. 15 PURPOSE The purpose of this report is to: a) Provide analysis of the Wind Energy potential at a number of remote communities in the Northwest Territories b) Provide all necessary information to develop an alternate source of electrical energy that is environmentally sound c) Facilitate exchange of science and technology information d) Calculate the wind energy resource e) Determine the correlation between wind power and load f) Collect diesel production and fuel consumption data 7 Canadian Wind Energy Technical and Market Potential. Draft EMR Report, 1991. 2.0 RECENT WIND ENERGY DEVELOPMENTS IN CANADA Natural Resources Canada (NR Can) is responsible for Research & Development (R&D) in energy efficiency and alternate energy technologies. There are two test sites in Canada. a) The Atlantic Wind Test Site (AWTS) in Prince Edward Island, to test electricity generating wind turbines and a wind/diesel test bed. b) The Alberta Renewable Energy Test Site (ARETS) at Pincher Creek, to test water pumping wind turbines. In August 1993, a 150 kW Bonus turbine was installed near Whitehorse, Yukon. It has generated 396 MWh of-electricity with 94% availability. In 1993 an 80 kW Lagerwey turbine was installed in Kincardine at the Canadian Agra Corporation site. This unit has operated exceptionally well during the severe winter of 1993-94. Two wind farms, a 9.0MW Kenetech Wind Power farm and a 9.9MW Chinook Project have been in operation at Pincher Creek, Alberta since January 1994. In September 1994 an 80 kW Lagerwey turbine was installed in Cambridge Bay N.T. This unit has performed fairly well given the lubrication problem which hindered its operation during extreme cold period. This unit had produced an annual sum of 81,515 kWh of electricity for the community, which has conserved thousands of liters of diesel fuel. Proposals have been put on hold for a 3MW Sask Power wind power demonstration project in Southwestern Saskatchewan. Kentech Windpower had signed an agreement with Hydro Quebec for a 100 MW wind farm installation on the south shore of the St. Lawrence and another windfarm in the Magdalen Island. 3.0 COMMUNITY PROFILE For each of the selected communities a profile was developed under the following headings. a) location b) topography c) climate d) demography e) transportation The following communities were selected for the present study. 1, Baker Lake ...........ccccssssssresssesesesscecsccsssesensseseeses Appendix A-1 Pelly Bay .....c.ccccccccscccscsscerersccscecosesessesssocsecossesseoses Agoeuaix B-1 Rankin Inlet ..........cccccsscssssssscessesseceseeces weesensccecsees Appendix C-1 Resolute ......c.ccccccocsccecescssoveresecoccecscceverscecsecessecsreee Appendix D-1 Sachs Harbou ......ccccscsccccscssereeeees evoseesecescosssceseseoes Appendix E-1 For each selected community, local utility data on fuel cost information are also provided in the respective appendices. 4.0 5.0 FOUNDATIONS FOR ARCTIC WIND TURBINE INSTALLATION The are two proven wind turbine foundations suitable for the permafrost in the Arctic that were installed in Cambridge Bay NT. a) The first one, installed by Norwestern Energy Systems of Calgarywas the drilled pile adfreeze system. This foundation was utilized for the four Carter Wind Turbines,and was the first commercial wind farm in Canada, and the most northern wind farm in the world. This project was initiated by Energy Mines and Resources Canada (EMR) under the Remote Community Demonstration Program. b) The second type of foundation which was also installed in Cambridge Bay NT, which consisted of a buried grid concrete foundation. This was installed by Dutch Industries of Regina SK., they were also the suppliers of the Lagerwey wind turbine. CONCLUDING REMARKS The realization of the goal of energy self-sufficiency for the NT. could be difficult. Changing lifestyles and technology will continue to challenge the status quo of any system of supply and end use. What is important for the Wind Energy Program is to have a vision for reducing the NT. dependence on RRPs by at least 50% by the year 2010. Because of the complex dependency and elasticity of energy supply, demand and use on matters of fact and policy resulting from the actions and decisions of a variety of government and other agencies, it will not be possible to implement a program of renewable energy without consideration of the responsibilities, goals and aspirations of the local communities. To achieve such goals, it will be necessary to actively involve local community groups in the planning and implementation process. Failure to recognize and maintain such cooperation will severely limit the probability of success. Also, because the goal is actually very difficult to reach, the consultation process must be on a continuing basis. 6.0 REFERENCES 1. Energy Options for Northern Canada . Nicholls Graham, Energy Options Conference, Yellowknife, 1987. 2. An Integrated N.W.T. Energy Strategy. by M. MacRae and A. Reinsch, CERI, 1992. 33 Energy Options for N.W.T. Communities, EMR, 1998. 4, Private Communication with Dr. S. Y. Ahmad, Executive Director, Science Institute (NT), 1995. 5: Alternative Energy for the N.W.T. , Private Communication from Malcolm Lodge to Dr.S. Y. Ahmad, Sept. 1992. 6. Canadian Wind Energy Technical and Market Potential, Draft EMR Report, 1991. 10 7.0 APPENDIX A.1 B.1 C1 D.1 E.1 page. baer URUK (cccecececececesseccsceosesese sosceso La Resolute .....c.ccccccssscssssscccescessesseesees 44 Sachs Harbour ...........ccccccscsoseese: seiOS ll APPENDIX A-1. _ _ : : BAKER LAKE - — NT. 12 A 1.0 COMMUNITY PROFILE BAKER. LAKE COMMUNITY PROFILE a) Location. On the west coast of Hudson Bay at the northwest end of Baker Lake approximately at the geographical center of Canada Is connected to the Hudson Bay by way of Chesterfield Inlet 64° 19°N, 96° 02°W Elevation 18 m at the airstrip 257 air km NW of Rankin Inlet 946 air km NE of Yellowknife In the Keewatin Region of Nunavut b) Topography Sloping up from the beach to rocky ridges 1 km inland about 160 km east of the treeline c) Climate Average annual precipitation 13.8 cm rainfall, 100.0 cm snowfall 23.5 cm total precipitation Temperature July mean high 16.0C low 6.0°C. January mean high -29.5°C low -36.4°C Winds N at 21.6 km/h 13 d) Demography Population (1988 GNT estimate) Was 1,049. estimated annual growth 2.% e) Transportation Air Airport Operator: GNT, Transport Canada Airport Facilities: Licensed 1280 m x 46 m Gravel runway taxiway and apron Airfield lighting, runways, threshold, end, approach, taxiway/apron rotating beacon and lighted wind-sock Navaid - NDB, VOR/DME, VDF; Air terminal building Services: Flight Service Station (FSS) Weather communications flight planning Aircraft parking plugs Scheduled airfield maintenance Crash fire fighting and rescue services Scheduled Services Calm Air via Rankin Inlet Water: Barge service operator NTCL from Churchill Transport Canada from Montreal Annual shipping periods from July to September The ice free period being very short, the shipping dates have to be updated on a regular basis 14 Accommodation: Iglu Hotel, accommodates 55, phone, TV, dining room, lounge, conference and banquet facilities, Tel 819 793- 2801 Baker Lake Lodge (summer season only) 5 cabins accommodates 20 Businesses: ¢ Baker Lake Contracting Ltd., construction and heavy equipment rentals Jessie Oonark Arts & Crafts Northern, general hardware and groceries Sanavik Co-Op, general retail, hardware and groceries The Land Store coo fe 15 A. 2.0 LOCAL CLIMATIC CONDITION BAKER LAKE Canadian climate normals” are values of climate elements observed and recorded by Atmospheric Environment Service of Environment Canada, (AES). A.2.1 ANALYSIS LOCAL WIND DATA measurement recorded by anemometers at 10 meters above ground ) BAKER LAKE WIND PROFILE (kmv/h)49 year mean mesurement recorded at 10 meters above ground level Figure 1. BAKER LAKE WIND PROFILE DATA (km [| san} rep [mar [ ape [ May [sun {yun | aug | sep | Oct | NOV | [pireeson [NNW Nw [ND ww Pw] wt TN Figure 1-A BAKER LAKE WIND GUST DATA (km/h [SANT FEB [ MarR [APR [ May | sun | sui | auc | sep | ocr | Nov | | Direction [ ON [ Nw | w [nw [nw ff wi [on [Tw fw fn | N | Figure 1-B “ Canadian Climate NORMALS 1961-1990. Environment Canada. Canadian Communications Group, Ottawa. Canada. 1993. 16 A 2.2 ANALYSIS OF LOCAL TEMPERATURE DATA BAKER LAKE DAILY TEMPERATURE PROFILE (° C) 1946-1990 Mean BAKER LAKE DAILY AVERAGE TEMPERATURE DATA °C | JAN | FEB [ MAR | APR | MAY | JUN | JUL | AUG | sEP | ocT | Nov | DEC | | _-29.2 | -28.7 | 23.8 | -131 | -29 | 8.1 | p37 | 55 | -42 | -169 | -249 | 35.7 | -323 | -226 | -106 | o1 | 6 [51 [ -07 [ -10.7 | -244 | -31.8 | Figure 2-A | [SANT Fes [ MAR | APR | May] JUN | suL | auG | sep | ocT | Nov [ DEC | [Max | 292 | 287 [238 [3.1] 29 | 31 (ieee 37 [ss [42 | 169 | 2409 | i a fj -35.7 | -32.3 | 22.6 | -106 | 01 | 6 | 5.1 | 07 | -10.7 | -244 | -31.8 | ci 75r0 | 527 | soni | sano [ 66/03 | 72/02 | som2 | 79/29 | 65/28 | 78/29 | 82/24 | 53/30 | Figure 2-B Temperatures indicated above is as recorded by AES for period 1946 to 1990. 17 . A. 3.0 LOCAL UTILITY The local utility is operated by Northwest Territories Power Corporation (NTPC) of GWT. The Diesel plant has a total maximum capacity of 2240 kW.1994. BAKER LAKE POWER PLANT MONTHLY PEAK DEMAND LOAD (kW) 1994/95 E E i 4 : E i Ly it i JAN | FEB | MAR| APR | MAY| JUN | JUL | AUG | SEP | OcT | NOV| DEC 940-1 880 | 990 | 810 | 830 | 730 | 650 | 830 | 780 | 820 | 920 [2 & 510 | 540 | 520 | 430 | 360 | 3430 fegeuey 350 | 360 | 430 | 520 500 710 | 755 | 620 | 595 | 535 590 | 570 | 625 | 720 720 Figure 3-A BAKER LAKE POWER PLANT PRODUCTION DATA 1994/95 [mee jw Amey Le | ee Y eee eee ee nee | ermcency | 327 [338 | 307 | 30s [ais [an [ane [333 [37 Figure 3-B 18 A. 3.1 UTILITY DISTRIBUTION LAYOUT The Primary and Secondary distribution and street lighting layout plan is presented in figure # 4. A veproduction of an ariel photograph is included for an over view of the community layout. 1994. The Site suited for the wind turbine installation is indicated in the distribution plan layout. Location is 150m Northeast of the AES weather Station. The distribution lines presently services the weather station and its buildings. Buried lines are required for this site due to its proximity to the weather balloon release site. The site is approximately at 30m. elevation. It is on low rolling hills, the visible appearance of the overburden consisted of silt and clay with occasional outcrop of boulders. Permafrost in summer is found at 1 meter depth. A Community Development Plan is also attached. 19 DISTRIBUTION LAYOUT DRAWING ARIEL PHOTOGRAPH COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN 20 2EFERENCE ORAWINGS L a we —— mn _ TGS WORT AS PER ED Bw. SUPPURD [ 7 | _AS QURJ AS PER ALD BNO. SUPPLED r | CA REPRODUCED FROM REV. D ' ~~ 2 REVISED D139-1 Key SITE PUN C i REVISED __0138=4 TRANSFORMER TABULATION 2 | AD0ED ARPORT UNt SwtTs 4 a 5 A 1 __ anes OL mu a ' —REDRAWW FROM OWG. OF SAME Me CATED ANTS | | Hi REVISION AUTOCAD FILE: 2139-2 ‘ i MAINTAIN EDERAL LANOS = CE each ULE RN REALIGN ROADS INTO.PREVAILING WINDS L ’ ee apse ase ‘ AACe Kade oda esi Y y BLOrA? SCD oe HAMLET COUNCIL OF BAKER LAKE DEPARTMENT OF MUNICIPAL AND COMMUNITY a XEEWATIN ENVIROMENTAL CONSLATING SEW HILDERMAN WITTY CROSBY HANNA & LD. ENGINEERING CANADA INC. Maker Lake Community Plan REESE CO CTE tec er see's ACL PRN Mette OL Baker Lake Community Plan A 4.0 ENERGY COSTS AT BAKER LAKE (1995) Due to the remoteness and degree of isolation of Baker Lake and many of the communities in the NT., the dependence on energy and related costs of diesel generated power is far greater than communities in the south. An example: The commercial service Non Government rates for diesel generated power is approximately $0.457 per kWh. Per capita NT. residents use 84% of the energy in the form of refined petroleum products (RRP).*” The estimated costs of diesel fuel at Baker Lake is $0.40 per liter.“ The environmental costs if producing diesel generated electricity should be considered. i.g. Burning of fossil fuels, and disposal of waste oils generated by diesel engines. In order to find locally available, and less expensive method of producing a dependable percentage of electrical energy, full consideration should be given to exploring renewable resources that are environmentally friendly and practical to the NT. communities. The initial recommendation would be to provide 20% to 30% of total electrical demand by an alternate renewable source of energy to communities having a favorable wind regime. This would be the penetration factor of the minimum demand load of the local utility diesel plant. 42 Energy Options For Northern Canada. Nicholls, Graham. Energy Options Conference, Yellowknife, 1987. “3 GNWT POL Rankin Inlet.NT. 1995 21 A 5.0 A. 6.0 REFERENCES A/1. Canadian Climate NORMALS 1961-1990. Environment Canada Communications Group, Ottawa, Canada. 1993. A/2 Energy Options For Norther Canada. Nicholls, Graham. Energy Options Conference, Yellowknife, NT. 1987. A/3 =GNWT, POL. Rankin Inlet NT. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Dr. Rigby. Bruce, Executive Director, Sience Institute Of Northwest Territories, for initiating and providing assistance to carry out this project. Boone W. Glen, Planning Technician, MACA Keewatin Region Rankin Inlet NT. Forsyth, Don, Muncipal Planning Engineer, MACA Keewatin Region NT. Noah William, Deputy Mayor, Hamlet of Baker Lake, Baker Lake NT. Ikoe Hugo, Acting Senior Adminstrative Officer, Muncipilaty of Baker Lake NT. - Simailak David, Buisnessman. Baker Lake. Kirkus Tracy. Airport Station Manager. Transport Canada, Rankin Inlet NT. Milley Dawson Superintendent. Transportation. GNWT. Rankin Inlet. NT. APPENDIX B-1 LQ O BATE NT. 23 B1.0 b) d) COMMUNITY PROFILE PELLY BAY COMMUNITY PROFILE Location. On the west side of Simpson Peninsula where the Kugardjuk River enters St. Peter Bay. 68° 32’ N, 89° W. Elevation 15m at the airstrip. 177 air km SE of Taloyoak, 1312 air km NE of Yellowknife, in the Kitikmeot Region of Nunavut. Topography. On low-lying limestone terrain, perched on a small hill near the mouth of the river. Climate _ Average annual precipatation, 10.3 cm rainfall, 127 cm snowfall, 23.0 cm total precipitation. Temperature July mean high 9.7 °C, low 2.9°C. January mean high -29°C, low -35.6°C. Winds Annual average NW. at 9.9 km/h Demography Population 342 1994 Hamlet estimate. 4 to 5 % growth. 24 8) Transportation: Air: Airport Operator:Hamlet of Pelly Bay. Airport Facilities: Unlicenced 1448 mx 30m Gravel and clay runway with parking ramp. Airfield lights includind runway edge lights. Rotating beacon and lighted wind sock. NDB. Passenger shelter. Services: Community Airport Radio Station. Weather/Communications, Scheduled airfield maintenance. Scheduled Services: First Air via Iqualuit/Y ellowknife. Water Limited Barge Services from Churchill MT. and Montreal PQ. Operators NTCL. & Transport Canada. The ice free period being very short, the shipping dates are updated on a regular basis. Accomodation: ~ Inukshuk Inn. accommodates 18. Restaurant Operated by local CO-OP. Buisnesses: Koomiut Co-Op General Stores, Equipment Rentals, Arts & Crafts. B. 2.0 LOCAL CLIMATIC CONDITION PELLY BAY Canadian climate normals®™” are values of climate elements observed and recorded by Atmospheric Environment Service of Environment Canada, (AES). B. 2.1 ANALYSIS LOCAL WIND DATA All readings as recorded by local Airport Flight Services. PELLY BAY WIND PROFILE (km/h) 1994; [ mesurement recorded at 10 meters above ground level ] Figure 1. PELLY BAY WIND PROFILE DATA (km/h) 1994 PT SAN [FEB | MAR | apr | May 7 sun | sui _| auc | sep | ocr | Nov | DEC | [Max [271 | 235 | 27s [221 [225 | 257 | i99 | 255 | 253 Peed 228 | 25.7_| [MEAN | ios [ 3 [92 [| 99 | 106 [ 126 Fossey 73 | isa | e2 [104 | 73_| [| Direction | N_ | Nw _[ Nw [UN | nw Tw oT Nn Tw Tw NN NW Figure 1-A PELLY BAY WIND GUST DATA (km/h) 1994 [SANT FEB [MarR [arr [ May | sun | sui | auc 7 sep [| ocr | Nov | DEC | Max | 36 [30 | 36 | 36 | 27 Feaeey 36 | 306 | 324 | 35 | 36 | soa | [Direction [| N | Nw [ w |] nw [ nw w [on [ow [ow [oN TN J nw | PB! Canadian Climate NORMALS 1961-1990. Environment Canada. Canadian Communications Group, Ottawa. Canada. 1993. 26 A. 2.2 ANALYSIS OF LOCAL TEMPERATURE DATA PELLY BAY PELLY BAY MONTHLY TEMPERATURE PROFILE °C, (35 year mean ) PELLY BAY DAILY AVERAGE TEMPERATURE DATA °C |__| JAN | FEB | MAR | APR | MAY | JUN | suL | AUG | seP | ocT | Nov | DEC | | Max | -29.8 | -30.1 | -26.4 | -17.2 | -72 | 27 [REE] 76 | 07 | -96 | -19.9 | -25.7 | | Min} | -36.2 | 333 | -243 [ 131 | 26 | 3.0 [1s [+49 | -15.0 [ -26.0 | -32.0 | Figure 2-A [| San [rep [ Mar | apr | May | sun [ sui | auc [ sep [ ocr | Nov | DEC | [ae | a2 | rier | esr | 7508 | 6ane [7327 | sons | o6iir | eer | sans | 7002 | ean [Min [sey 540 [ars [ait | 278 [-1s0 [36 [70 [183 | -340 | 4464 | [one [75/13 | 79706 | erms [rane | 7007 [rao [7607 [esr | 750 [ ase | rama | 706 | Figure 2-B Temperatures indicated above is as recorded by AES for period 1955 to 1990. 27 B 3.0 LOCAL UTILITY The local utility is operated by Northwest Territories Power Corporation (NTPC) of GNWT. The Diesel plant has a total maximum capacity of 840 kW.1994. PELLY BAY POWER PLANT MONTHLY PEAK DEMAND LOAD (kW) 1994 EIMAX MIN EW) asf tn wan fare Pavey Is Pk Ae SEP CT | NON 9B 28 B 3.1 UTILITY DISTRIBUTION LAYOUT: The Primary and Secondary distribution and street lighting layout plan is presented in figure # 4. The Site suited for the wind turbine instatlation is indicated in the distribution plan layout. Location is 100 meters orth of the Co-op house, on the gravel road to the historical grave yard and stone church.The distribution lines presently services the Co-op house and its buildings.. The site is approximately at 20m.in elevation. It is on raised bed rock beach ridges and outcrop of boulders. Permafrost in summer is found at 1 meter depth. A Community Land Use Dvelopment Plan is also attached. 29 DISTRIBUTION LAYOUT DRAWING COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN 30 © LL, «1. LesrnJpo Us | ‘Leal! AREAS Bibusin DMMUNITY USE DEVELOPMENT SITE #1 \ AREA3 ° MODUSTRIAL ROTECTED AREAS | | OPEN SPACE AREAS 9 A 1 a \ “DEVELOPMENT AREA 1 4 0 50100 200 300 400m (ee MAY 21, 1992 Due to the remoteness and degree of isolation of Pelly Bay, and many of the communities in the NT. The dependence in energy and related costs of diesel generated power is far greater than communities in the south. An example: The commercial service Non Government rates for diesel generated power is approximately $0.579 per kWh. Per capita, NT. residents use 84% of the energy in the form of refined petroleum products (RRP).®? The estimated costs of diesel fuel at Pelly Bay is $0.72 per liter.®* The environmental costs if producing diesel generated electricity should be considered. e.g., Burning of fossil fuels, and disposal of waste oils generated by diesel engines. In order to find locally available, and less expensive method of producing a dependable percentage of electrical energy, full consideration should be given to exploring renewable resources that are environmentally friendly and practical to the NT. communities. The initiai recommendation would be to provide 20% to 30% of total electrical demand by an alternate renewable source of energy to communities having a favorable wind regime. This would be the penetration factor of the minimum demand load of the local utility diesel plant. 82 Energy Options For Northern Canada. Nicholls, Graham. Energy Options Conference, Yellowknife, 1987. 33 GNWT POL Hamlet of Pelly Bay. NT. 31 B 5.0 B. 6.0 REFERENCES B/1. Canadian Climate NORMALS 1961-1990. Environment Canada Communications Group, Ottawa, Canada. 1993. B/2 ‘Energy Options For Norther Canada. Nicholls, Graham. Energy Options Conference, Yellowknife, NT. 1987. B/3 GNWT, POL. Hamlet Of Pelly Bay NT. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: Bedard. Denis, Regional Municipal Engineer, MACA Kitikmeot Region, Cambridge Bay, NT. Tecsy. Ron, B.A.A. Regional Community Planner, MACA Kitikmeot Region, Cambridge Bay, NT. Rogers. John, Regional Airport Manager, Artic Airports Division, Transportation, GNWT. Cambridge Bay, NT. Wittlinger. Fred, Area Superintendent, NTPC. Cambridge Bay, NT. Ittimangnak. Alex, Acting Mayor, Hamlet Of Pelly Bay, Pelly Bay,. NT. Johnston. Elwood, Senior Adminstrative Officer, Hamlet Of Pelly Bay, Pelly Bay, NT. 32 APPENDIX C -1. RANKIN INLET NUNAVUT NT. 33 C. 1.0 b) qd) COMMUNITY PROFILE RANKIN INLET COMMUNITY PROFILE: a) Location. On the west coast of Hudson Bay between Whale Cove to the southwest and Chesterfield Inlet to the northeast 62° 49’N, 92° 05’°W Elevation 32 m at the airstrip 475 air km N of Churchill 1,088 air km E of Yellowknife In the Keewatin Region of Nunavut. Topography: In low rolling hill country on rocky terrain with sand and gravel ridges and sparse vegetation, no trees Climate: Average annual precipitation 16.0 cm rainfall, 118.1 cm snowfall 27.8 cm total precipitation Temperature ; July mean high 13.1 C low 4.5°C. January mean high -27.9°C low -35.2°C Winds N at 24 km/h Demography. Population (1995 Hamlet estimate) was 1660 estimated annual growth 3 to 4%. 34 Airport Operator: GNWT, Transport Canada Airport Facilities: Licensed 1524 m x 46m Gravel runway taxiway and apron Airfield lighting runways, threshold, end, approach, taxiway/apron rotating beacon and lighted wind-sock Navaid - NDB, VOR/DME, VHF/DF Air terminal building Servic Flight Service Station (FSS) Weather communications flight planning Aircraft parking plugs Scheduled airfield maintenance Crash fire fighting and rescue services Fuel. 100/130, Jet B, Arctic diesel, high pressure refueling. Scheduled Services: NWT Air via Yellowknife/ Iqualuit/Winnipeg Canadian North via Yellowknife/Iqaluit/Winnipeg Calm Air Ltd.via Churchill First Air via Iqualuit Charter Services: Keewatin Air Ltd. Water. Barge service operator NTCL from Churchill Transport Canada from Montreal Annual shipping periods from July to September The Ice Free period being very short, the shipping dates have to be updated on a regular basis 35 8) Accommodation: Siniktarvik Hotel, accommodates 92, phone, dining room, licensed lounge, conference, banquet facilities, Tel (810) 645 2807 Keewatin Guest Lodge, accommodates 16, shared bath. Businesses: Co-Op general retail hardware and groceries Northern, general hardware and groceries M&T Enterprise Ltd., construction and equipment rentals Oomilik Enterprises Ltd. construction and heavy equipment rentals Sanajit Ltd., construction and development services 36 C 2.0 LOCAL CLIMATIC CONDITIONS: RANKIN INLET Canadian climate normals“! are values of climate elements observed and recorded at various stations by Atmospheric Environment Service of Environment Canada. 2.1 ANALYSIS OF LOCAL WIND DATA RANKIN INLET WIND PROFILE (km/h) 10 year mean (meaurements recorded at 10 meters above ground level) || JAN | FEB | MAR | APR | May | JUN | JUL | | Max | 64 | 68 | os | ss | 63 | 56 | | MEAN [21 | 23 | 23 | 3 an 20 a dian Climate NORMALS 1961-1990. Environment Canada. Canadian Communications Group, Ottawa, Canada. 1993. 37 C 2.2 ANALYSIS OF LOCAL TEMPERATURE DATA RANKIN INLET MONTHLY TEMPERATURE PROFILE (°C) 10 year mean Figure 2. RANKIN INLET MONTHLY TEMPERATURE DATA °C 10 year mean |__| JAN | FEB | MAR | APR | May | JUN | suL | AUG | SEP | OCT | NOV | DEC | | Max | -25.7 | -26.5 | -21.4 | -11.9 | -31 | 7 FegeS9] 125 | 5.6 | -26 [| -14.6 | -241 | | MIN | -41.8 | J -39.1 | -32.5 | -20.7 | 46 [11 | 12 T -s1 [ -208 [ -32.7 | -39.1 | Figure 2-A RANKIN INLET EXTREME DAILY TEMPERATURE °C 10 year mean |__| JAN | FEB | MAR | APR | MAY | JUN | JUL | AUG | SEP | OCT | NOV | DEC | | Max | -13.9 | -12.9 | -77 | -06 [5.2 | 20.2 | | aia [129 | 46 [| -16 | -5.6_| Temperatures indicated above is as recorded by AES for 10 year period. 38 C 3.0 LOCAL UTILITY The local utility is operated by Northwest Territories Power Corporation (NTPC) of GNWT. The Diesel plant has a total maximum capacity of 4250 kW.1994. RANKIN INLET MONTHLY PEAK POWER DEMAND (kW) PTA | PE LPR | Pe | | ae | |e ery $76 | 2089 | 2030 | 1840 | 1830 | 1780 | 1600 | 1780 | 184s | 1920 | 2020 | 2080 _| MIN | 900 | 1000 | 860 _| 780 | 700 | 600 [E8905 [610 | 66s | sio | 850 | 926 | [_1s35_| 1540 | 1445 | 1310 | 1265 | 1190 | 1095 | 1195 [1365 _| 1435 |_1503_| 39 C 3.1 UTILITY DISTRIBUTION LAYOUT: The Primary and Secondary distribution and street lighting layout plan is presented in figure # 4. Two sites suited for the wind turbine installation are indicated in the distribution layout plan figure #4 Site #1 is on the east side of the NTPC power plant and behind the hamlet carpentry shop approximately at the hill of the old mine site. Site # 2 is at the slope of the old mine site hill between the renewable resources office and DPW. Both sites are close to the utility distribution systems and access should not cause a problem. However, Site #2 is below the site #1 on the slope and any future construction classified as industrial site may restrict the wind flow to the wind turbines. Both sites would require Hamlet and land use approval. The general geological condition of the sites are sandy to silty soil on surface with abundant bedrock outcrop. A Geotechnical investigation was carried out in 1989 by Thurber Consultants Ltd tichnical_ Engineers out of Yellowknife NT for the Govt. of the Northwest Territories MACA Rankin Inlet NT. Access to present distribution lines are very near and the road is serviced year round. DISTRIBUTION LAYOUT DRAWING 41 C 4.0 ENERGY COSTS AT RANKIN INLET (1995) Due to the degree of isolation of Rankin Inlet, and many of the communities in the NT. The dependence on energy and related costs of diesel generated power is far greater than communities in the south. An example: The commercial service Non Government rates for diesel generated power is approximately $0.45 per kWh. Per capita NT. residents use 84% of the energy in the form of refined petroleum products (RRP). The estimated costs of diesel fuel at Rankin Inlet is $0.52 per liter.> The environmental costs if producing diesel generated electricity should be considered. (e.g. burning of fossil fuels, and disposal of waste oils generated by diesel engines). In order to find locally available, and less expensive method of producing a dependable percentage of electrical energy, full consideration should be given to exploring renewable resources that are environmentally friendly and practical to the NT. communities. The initial recommendation would be to provide 20 to 30 % of total electrical demand by an alternate renewable source of energy to communities having a favorable wind regime. This would be the penetration factor of the minimum demand load of the local utility diesel plant. “ Energy Options For Northern Canada. Nicholls, Graham. Energy Options Conference, Yellowknife, 1987. ©? GNWT. POL. Rankin Inlet. NT. 1995. 42 C. 5.0 C 6.6 REFERENCES A/1. Canadian Climate NORMALS 1961-1990. Environment Canada Communications Group, Ottawa, Canada. 1993. A/2 Energy Options For Northern Canada. Nicholls, Graham. Energy Options Conference, Yellowknife, NT. 1987. A/3 GNWT, POL. Rankin Inlet NT. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . Dr. Rigby. Bruce, Executive Director, Science Institute Of Northwest Territories, for initiating and providing assistance to carry out this project. Boone W. Glen, Planning Technician, MACA Keewatin Region Rankin Inlet NT. Forsyth, Don, Municipal Planning Engineer, MACA Keewatin Region NT. Kirkus Tracy. Airport Station Manager. Transport Canada, Rankin Inlet NT. Milley Dawson Superintendent. Transportation. GNWT. Rankin Inlet. NT. Megan, Scientific Service Division, AES Central Region. Winnipeg, MB. 43 APPENDIX D-1. SROSOUCHND NUNAVUT NT. COMMUNITY PROFILE RESOLUTE D1.0 COMMUNITY PROFILE. a) Lecation: On the northeast shore of Resolute Bay On the south coast of Cormwallis Island 74° 42°N, 94° 50°;W Elevation 67 m at the Airstrip 1,561 air km NE of Yellowknife 3,444 air km NW of Montreal In the Baffin Region of Nunavut b) Topography: Sloping up from the beach to rocky ridges 1 km inland about 160 km east of the tree-line. c) Climate: ° Average annual precipitation cm rainfall, 100.0 cm snowfall 23.5 cm total precipitation ° Temperature July mean high 16.0°C low 6.0°C January mean high -29.5°C low -36.4°C ° Winds Nat 21.6 km/h d) Demography: Population (1988 GNWT estimate) was 166 estimated annual gtowth 0.2% 45 Transportation: Air: Airport Operator, Transport Canada Airport Facilities, Licenced ( Rwy. 16-34 ) 1981 mx 60 m. (Rwy ) 10-28 ) 1219 mx 46 m. Gravel runways, taxiway, threshold, end, approach, taxiway/apron Rotating beacon and lighted wind-sock Navaid- NDB, VOR/DMW Air terminal building Services: Flight Service Station (FSS) Community airport radio station (CARS) Weather communications flight planning Aircraft storage/servicing/minor repairs available Scheduled airfield maintenance Crash fire fighting and rescue services Scheduled Services: Canadian North from Montreal/Iqaluit, Edmonton/Y ellowknife Kenn Borek Air Ltd. Charter Services. Ken Borek Air Ltd. Bradley Air Services Ltd. Water: Barge service operator, Transport Canada from Montreal Ice Free Period bieng very short the shipping dates have to be updated on a regular basis. 8) Accomodation High Arctic Explorers Services Ltd. Tel:(819) 252-3875 Narwhale Arctic Services, Tel: (819) 252-3968 Resolute Bay Eskimo Co-Operative Ltd. General retail hardwear and groceries Hamlet of Resolute. Mobile Equipment rental and services High Arctic International Explorers Services Ltd. Outfitters and Adventure Tours Narwhale Arctic Services Airport operations and Hotel services. 47 D 2.0 LOCAL CLIMATIC CONDITION RESOLUTE Canadian climate normals™ are values of climate elements observed and recorded by Atmospheric Environment Service of Environment Canada, (AES). D2.1 ANALYSIS LOCAL WIND DATA RESOLUTE WIND PROFILE (km/h) 48 year mean measurements recorded 10 meters above ground level. Figure 1. RESOLUTE WIND PROFILE DATA (km/h Pp SAN | FEB | MAR | APR | May | sun | suL | auc | sep | ocr | Nov | DEC | Pp Max | 106 _ | e{_97_ [us T t00_ [a9 Tas [96 tos | 02 [142] 108 _| | Direction | NW | Nw _[ Nw _[ nw [nw [nw [nw [nw [on fn nw] nw_] oy dian Climate NORMALS 1961-1990, Environment Canada. Canadian Communications Group, Ottawa, Canada. 1993. 48 D. 2.2 ANALYSIS OF LOCAL TEMPERATURE DATA: RESOLUTE MONTHLY TEMPERATURE PROFILE e oC 48 year mean MAX @MIN TEMP °C a DEC ZRZESEESEES Figure 2 RESOLUTE DAILY AVERAGE TEMPERATURE DATA °C |__| JAN | FEB | MAR | APR | May | JUN | JUL | AUG | sEP | ocT | Nov | DEC | | Max | -28.5 | -29.4 | .27.7 | -19.9 | -79 | 16 _| | 4.3 | -28 | -121 | -209 | -25.5 | | Min_[’-35.8 | | -34.9 | -273 | -144 | 29 [| 13 [ -o5 [| -73 | -185 | -27.9 | -32.7 | Figure 2-A RESOLUTE EXTREME DAILY TEMPERATURE DATA °C IEEE ee Preece gees rey lle ree) rag eet eeeeeeel| ore p Max | 0.8 | 3.9 | 27 | 0 | 48 | 13.9 | Piso | 94 | 07 | 28 | 43 | |__ Date | | 63/04 | govis | 75/29 [ 88/17 | 51/20 | 62/21 | 49/06 | 73/01 | 84/13 | 68/03 | 83/24 | | Min | -52.0 | -51.7 | 42.1 | -29.4 | -16.7 | -3.1_| -9.0 | -20.6 | -37.3 | 42.8 | 46.1 | | Date | | 79714 | s6/i6 | 83/05 [ 61/04 | 74/05 | 82/21 | 85/27 | 7529 | 86/23 | 6721 | 48/27 | Figure 2-B 49 D 3.0 LOCAL UTILITY The local utility is operated by Northwest Territories Power Corporation (NTPC) of GNT. The Diesel plant has a total maximum capacity of 3050 kW.1994. RESOLUTE POWER PLANT MONTHLY PEAK DEMAND LOAD 1994 | JUN | JUL | 880 | 810 | 780 | 700 | 680 | 700 | 680 | 660 | 720 | 740 | | 690 | 640 | 640 | sao | 4a Faso] 490 | soo | soo | soo | 520 | 600 | | 790_} 760_| 775 | 675 | 632 | 550 | 585 _[ 600 _| sso [| sso [620 | 670 __ | Figure 3-A RESOLUTE POWER PLANT PRODUCTION DATA 1994/95 |__| JAN | FEB | MAR | APR | MAY | JUN | JUL [AUG | sEP | ocT | Nov | DEC | ene [re a] Ae | som |e [ma | sane [em [nem [aime | ano | er eee pee ee eee gee ee eee | Figure 3-B 50 aX D 3.1 UTILITY DISTRIBUTION LAYOUT The Primary and Secondary distribution and street lighting layout plan is presented in figure # 4. Two Sites have been noted on the distribution layout plan. Site # 1 is on the west side of the airport hangers, approximately 0.5 km parallel to the air port runway. the gravel road leads to the community land fill site. The probability of scavenging birds at the land fill site could cause interference with the wind trubine. This has to be looked into prior to any decesion for selecting this site. Site # 2. is at the intersection of the utility distribution lines to the old village and the present village. It is next to the road from the present village to the airport. Both sites are close to present distribution lines and access should not cause a problem. However Site #1 would require Ministry of Transport approval due to the close proximity or the air communication systems. Site #2 is estimated to be about 3 km from the airport. It is easily accessible in winter and summer, as the road to the airport is well cleared and maintained year round. Land use permits are required for either site. 51 aay MESOLUTE SHEETIS R 7 RESOLUTE BAY, N.W.T. KEY SITE PLAN 16 NORTHERN CANADA POWER COMMISSIC i a [suas pray jae = jee] [reo | APPROVED FOR CONSTRUCTION BY ! H{TTTTTTTT TEAR >| en aowet I = | ¥ POWER OSTMBUTION c D 4.0 ENERGY COSTS AT RESOLUTE (1995) Due to the remoteness and degree of isolation of Resolute and many of the communities in the NT, the dependence on energy and related costs of diesel generated power is far greater than communities in the south. An example: The commercial service Non Government rates for diesel generated power is approximately $0.386 per kWh. Per capita NT. residents use 84% of the energy in the form of refined petroleum products (RRP).>” The estimated costs of diesel fuel at Resolute is $0.66 per liter.?? The environmental costs of producing diesel generated electricity should be considered.(e.g., burning of fossil fuels, and disposal of waste oils generated by diesel engines). In order to find locally available, and less expensive method of producing a dependable percentage of electrical energy, full consideration should be given to exploring renewable resources that are environmentally friendly and practical to the NT. communities. The initial recommendation would be to provide 20 to 30 % of total electrical demand by an alternate renewable source of energy to communities having a favorable wind regime. This would be the penetration factor of the minimum demand load of the local utility diesel plant. >? Energy Options For Northern Canada. Nicholls, Graham. EnergyOptionConference, Yellowknife, 1987 °3 GNWT POL Rankin Inlet NT. 1995 53 D 5.0 D 6.0 REFERENCES D/1. Canadian Climate NORMALS 1961-1990. Environment Canada Communications Group, Ottawa, Canada. 1993. D/2 Energy Options For Northern Canada. Nicholls, Graham. Energy Options Conference, Yellowknife, NT. 1987. D/3_ GNWT, POL. Rankin Inlet NT. 1995. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Salluviniq Susan Senior Adminstrative Officer, Hamlet Of Resolute. Discussions on wind energy and probable site locations in community. Jesudason. Terry & Bezal, High Arctic International Explorer Service for providing local transportation. Marche Jerome, Superintend. NTPC Resolute on power distribution systems and layout. APPENDIX E -1. SACHS HARBOUR NT. 55 E 1.0 COMMUNITY PROFILE SACHS HARBOUR COMMUNITY PROFILE Location 71" 59"N, 125° 147 W Elevation 86m at Airstrip 523 air km NE of Inuvik 1,159 air km north of Yellowknife In the Inuvik Region In the Southwestern part of Banks Island b) Topography Foot of a bluff with silty soil c) Climate o Average annual precipitation 4.4 cm rainfall, 76 cm snowfall 11.4 cm total precipitation Temperature July mean high 9.3°C July low 2.5°C January mean high -26.7°C January low -34. iG Winds SE at 20 km/h. d) Demography Population, (1994 Hamlet estimate) was 180. estimated annual growth .5 to 1.%. 56 e) Transportation ° Air Airport Operator Hamlet of Sachs Harbour (GNWT) Airport 1219 m x 30 m gravel runway. Taxing and apron, Airfield lights (pilot operated after hours) Rotating beacon and lighted wind-sock, Navaid, air terminal building. > Services Community airport radio station (CARS) weather communications Scheduled airfield maintenance, scheduled air services, Aklak Air Ltd. via Inuvik. Water Barge service operator NTCL from Hay River N.T. One voyage only in June unless traffic warrants. f) Accommodation Commercial accommodation: Kuptana’s Guest House. Tel: (403) 690 4151 g) Businesses ° ° Ikahut Co-operative Ltd. general retail hardware and groceries Hamlet of Sachs Harbour Mobile equipment rental and services. 57 E. 2.0 LOCAL CLIMATIC CONDITION SACHS HARBOUR Canadian climate normals”are values of climate elements observed and recorded by Atmospheric Environment Service of Environment Canada, (AES). E.2.1 ANALYSIS LOCAL WIND DATA measurement recorded by anemometers at 10 meters above ground SACHS HARBOUR WIND PROFILE (knvh) average of 17 years. mesurement recorded at 10 meters above ground Figure 1 Ha SACHS HARBOUR WIND DATA (knv/h) 17 year average | [Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Pe Pt trl le PsP ial Ld Le ae Figure 1-A [| San | Feb [Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | | Gust | 75 | 64 | s3 | ss | 60 | s3 [57 | 66 | 6o | 67 | 77 | 73 | | Direction | S/SE | S/SE | S/SE | S/SE | S/SE | S/SE | S/SE | S/SE | S/SE | S/SE | S/SE | S/SE | Figure 1-B SACHS HARBOUR WIND GUST [ (km/h) 6 year mean ] ™ Canadian Climate NORMALS 1961-1990. Environment Canada. Canadian Communications Group, Ottawa. 1993. 58 E 2.2 ANALYSIS OF LOCAL TEMPERATURE DATA ANALYSIS OF SACHS HARBOUR TEMPERATURE MONTHLY AVERAGE ‘C .(35 year mean) GAVE/MIN MAVE/MAX || | _SACHS HARBOUREXTREME TEMPERATURES ‘C_ |__| _| || Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | | Max | +44 | -45 | 40 | 22 | 94 | 205 | 24.2 | 200 | 15.6 | 44 | 1.7 | -1.7 | | Date | 81/15 | 89/05 | 88/13 | 60/25 | 71/30 | 88/26 | 82/06 | 89/09 | 57/06 | 69/11 | 70/01 | 60/03 | | Min | -52.2 | -50.2 | -48.4 | -40.2 | -26.7 | -16.5 | -3.9 | -8.4 | -22.8 | -33.9 | ~42.8 | -45.0 | | Date | 75/12 | 85/15 | 79/04 | seis | 58/03 | 78/05 | 72/09 | 78/15 | 75/30 | 63/30 | 72/20 | 74/20 | Figure 2-A The temperatures indicated above is as recorded by AES for the period 1955 to 1990. 59 E 3.0 LOCAL UTILITY The local utility is operated by Northwest Territories Power Corporation (NTPC) of GNT. The Diesel plant has a total maximum capacity of 810 kW. The plant comprises of a) 1 Cat D3412 rated at 300kW. b) 1 Cat D355 rated at 300 kW. c) 1 Cat D210 rated at 219 kW. SACHS POWER PLANT Peak Demand Load 1994 SACHS HARBOUR HARBOUR POWER PLANT DEMAND LOAD 1994 [Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr [ May] Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov |/ Dec | [- Peak | 230 | 230 | 240 | 150 | 130 | 135 | 110 | 170 | 200 | 200 | 270 | | Minimum | 190 | 150 | 120 | 100 | 80_| | 7s | 75 | 100 | 100 | 70 | 120 | Figure 3-A SACHS HARBOUR POWER PLANT MONTHLY ENERGY PRODUCTION AND FUEL CONSUMPTION 1994 L_KWh | 217900 | 21x00 | sesete | s7000 | ¢3700 109800 FUEL [317367 | sons | sisezs | saiss | 15229 savoo " auses [sous [220007 | 24ose |" seas [291066 EFFICIENCY 3-B Y 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.37 | 271 [31s | 28 | 299 [208 [3.96 | 3.26 [36 | 36 | Figure E 3.1 UTILITY DISTRIBUTION LAYOUT The Primary and Secondary distribution and street lighting layout is presented in figure # 4. Two sites suited for the wind turbine installation are indicated in the distribution layout plan figure #4. 0 Site #1. Approximate altitude 50m. located on the east side of the airport road and Tank farm,north of the intersection of the airport road and community access road. o Site #2. Approximate altitude 67m. located at the intersection of the airport road and Icicle Inn access road. Both sites are fairly close to the power distribution systems and access should not cause a problem in winter and summer.Both the sites are over 1 km. from the airport and is not directly on the approach or take off of local air traffic. The terrain in particular is on the slope of the bluff with silty soil and scant vegetation and perma frost estimated at 1 meter, there were no visible large outcrop of rocks or boulders. These probable sites were discussed with the Ms.Jackie Kaptana Senior Administrative Officer of the Hamlet of Sashs Harbour NT. 61 LOCANO SACHS HABOUR NWT. . Figure # 4 E 4.0 ENERGY COSTS AT SACHS HARBOUR (1995) Due to the remoteness and degree of isolation of Sachs Harbour and many of the communities in the NT. The dependence on energy and related costs of diesel generated power is far greater than communities in the south. An example: The commercial service Non Government rates for diesel generated power is approximately $0.418 per kWh. Per capita NT. residents use 84% of the energy in the form of refined petroleum products (RRP)."” Petroleum products is transported long distances during the short summer periods, and stored for annual use in communities. The estimated costs of diesel fuel at Sachs Harbour is $0.70 per liter.”° The environmental costs of producing diesel generated electricity should be considered. (e.g. burning of fossil fuels, and disposal of waste oils generated by diesel engine). In order to find locally available, and less expensive method of producing a dependable percentage of electrical energy full consideration should be given to exploring renewable resources that are environmentally friendly and practical to the NT. communities. The initial method suggested would be to provide 20 to 30 % by alternate renewable source of energy to communities having a favorable wind regime.This would be the penetration factor of the minimum demand load of the local utility diesel plant. ™ Energy Options For Northern Canada, Nicholls, Graham. Energy Options Conference, Yellowknife, 1987. 10 GNWT POL products Inuvik.NT 1995 63 E 5.0 E 6.0 REFERENCES 8. Canadian Climate NORMALS 1961-1990. Environment Canada. Canadian Communications Group, Ottawa, OT. Canada. 1993. 9. Energy Options For Northen Canada. Nicholls, Graham. Energy Options Conference, Yellow2knife, NT. 1987. 10. GNWT POL Products, Inuvik. NT. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: Brian Crist, Regional Muncipal Engineer, for site plans of Sachs Harbour and future land use plans. D.Sharma, Regional Maintenance Engineer. for his involvement in the initial study on wind energy in the Arctic 1989. Haynes.Mark, Regional Energy Management Officer. re discussion on energy conservation and renewable energy methods. Public Works and Services GNWT, Inuvik. Kaptana. Jackie, Senior Adminstrative Officer, Hamlet of Sachs Harbour NT. discussions on wind turbines, and recommended site locations to be discussed with Hamlet Council members and their input. S.Sacha. Superintend NTPC Inuvik. On distribution plans and layout. Dr.Vi Maeers. Prof of Mathematics U of R, for reviewing of this document. Dr Joe Y Ahmad. P. Engineer. Executive Director, Sience Institute Of Northwest Territories, for initiating this project and providing Supervision, in cordination with E M R Canada.Ottawa .ONT.