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S. Intertie Phase 1 April 2-1996
CHUGACH ELECTRIC ASSOCIATION, INC. April 2, 1996 Alaska Industrial Development and Export Authority 480 West Tudor Road Anchorage, Alaska 99503 Attention: Mr. William R. Snell, Executive Director Subject: Southern Intertie - Route Selection Services Draft Environmental Section Report Dear Mr. Snell: Enclosed is one copy of subject report for your information. A copy of the report has also been sent to all IPG Technical Committee members for review. Should you wish to provide separate comments or have questions, please, don't hesitate to contact me or our Project Manager, Dora Gropp at 762-4626 by April 15, 1996. Sincerely, a eae lc. . oS Eugene N- Bjornstad General Manager ENB/DYG:ahw (C:ANNALISA\ 159008 1\ENB0496.LTR: (C:\ANNALISA\ 139008 1\ENBLTR.DAT Enclosure: Draft Environmental Section Report dated April 2, 1996. c: Lee Thibert Michael Massin Dora Gropp W.0O.#E9590081, Sec., 2.1.2.1 RF 5601 Minnesota Drive * P.O. Box 196300 * Anchorage, Alaska 99519-6300 Phone 907-563-7494 * FAX 907-562-0027 PROJECT NO.: 120293-01 ©) ae yy, ISSUED TO: QE DUE Be Davese Moorr “sve CHUGACH ELECTRIC ASSOCIATION, INC. CONTRACT NO. 95-208 SOUTHERN INTERTIE ROUTE SELECTION STUDY PHASE 1 APRIL 2, 1996 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL SECTION REPORT FOR INFORMATION CONTACT: =» Tim R. Tetherow, ASLA = Randy Pollock, P.E. = Niklas O. Ranta =» Tim Ostermeier, P.E. POWER ENGINEERS, INC. @ P.O. BOX 1066 @ HAILEY, IDAHO 83333 (208) 788-3456 @ FAX (208) 788-2082 DAMES & MOORE @ 5600 B STREET ® ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 99518 - 1641 (907) 562-3366 @ FAX (907) 562-1297 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CHAPTER 1.0 - INTRODUCTION AND REPORT SUMMARY .............. 1-1 PROJECE BACKGROUND Stewemetiiees coi cee iene satan ncnsnciensnensn 1-2 PURPOSE AND NEED FOR THE PROJECT ...........-2--00 ee eee 1-2 EASIBILIT Yi STUDY i easu-noucuca-u-ucicn-ch-a skeen -konensu-ne)-ie-W enon ehol-e one 1-3 PROJECIALOCATION pratense a ne a nae 1-5 PROJECISDESCRIPTIONS eee eo rer ie 1-5 OTHER ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED .................220000- 1-7 New Generation’ Pacilities [7-7 oueus.-uoweusueeiiousuctou-s -Ueu-ucuonen-ueu-u-uen-n 1-7 OthersTechnology) cerercrcncucter cits on cs ususucueneliel loon) ono mete tnoenont- 1-7 Alternative Transmission Systems ............0 0 0c e eee eeeee 1-7 STUD YZAPPROA CHigsw-e a b-bnenee enon ee nen Rae Hoe aac eee Om awn MoE on orrs 1-8 Technical Approach Overview ........ 22... eee eee eee eens 1-8 Siting Criteria’ csr a ac) ek 1-10 Public Involvement and Agency Contact Program ............... 1-16 CHAPTER’ 2/0, ROUTE SELECTION To cuenon er oie ou-uouen ones i suei-) 2iuouse sii Weusmoucuou ona 2-1 ALTERNATIVE ROUTE LOCATIONS ‘ic cece) iol oo oe (ollie she 2-1 ALTERNATIVE: ROUTE FA GCIEITIES sexs cer ctioner cites crete ie oelielie eliotn) ra 2-2 Tesoro; Route) Racilitiesiip.w-m-e-nepon-+- pene eon ee na eae w nee eh Ronee 2-2 Enstar Route; Facilities oy u-a-ucu-ueu-u-neu-neusneucumoweuee noua outouo omouren “er 2-2 Quartz Creek Route Facilities ............ 0c. cccscvcvvcees 2-3 ALTERNATIVE ROUTE ANALYSIS ........... 0.20. e ee ee eee 2-3 CHAPTER 3.0 - STUDY AREA INVENTORY ..............2 002s ee eee 3-1 BIOLOGY er in Cain merit: 3-1 Antroductione-p.w.psn-wemcecnee Peon eer none chemo erence nc nenenemcncncnromsiey sare 3-1 Anventory: Results: s7-a-wewsweu cmon Hom-w-#2WoN-Nou-PONCE oP Moms) oh ee Fee et oP Moe mr 3-1 WV epetation a-g-n-n-n-U-k-k-Uk-a-EN-E RnR RE REM Ee 3-1 Wetlands Serer cr ener enone ionsi scree molest cons onnalen eeuekeLsiseaeno) cule 3-3 Wild ite Ra sar eertsrear ort tearoom eee STE Sao TS Se See eer ToT TTS) ee 3-6 Terrestrial, Mammialsisce.e-c-u-pce-e sn sewn nooo ono ope oe newer eee 3-6 Anadromous Fish Species ............ 0-00 ee eee eens 3-10 Marine;Mammals........ 1-1 en dn ee eis © 3-10 BBiCOS Sorter op ores Se Tore Soar eee ae eT erie 3-11 Waterfowl asurcase smcsincwsmemonion-msponsu sw shen se sp onicwsn-msmaesrentseee rmemee es 3-11 GEOLOGIC HAZARDS AND FEATURES ...............-200005 3-14 Infroductiontscaca-terner i aie nonin n rn onornc 3-14 AnventorysResults =r-p-n ene ee eee eer rs er Perens 3-15 Frost Heave and Frost Jacking .............-00 0000 e ee 3-15 (Avalanche iirusacuserucususueucasucucucu-mculucmculeia-is).Sucuomsmsueuenshemomey 3-15 TABLE OF CONTENT: ni Page Seismic Activity and Faults ..................0-004.- 3-16 Earthquake-induced Hazards ..............--..00000- 3-16 Volcanic Eruptions =sreqareeea tence t ner eitonen ie ee rel rete re cree 3-17 EL YGrologye-poncasa- eon -ue sence nce Ponce e-em E meh Rn sete Emenee 3-18 Lakes, Rivers and Streams .................00.2. 3-18 MARINE? ENVIRONMENT — 1... 0. 1 oo ode os 3-18 Eni troduction eemeeer seep enter ee otiemeromatene terror ton oe Tomtom omen) erreur ee erenectectrone: 3-18 Cook Inlet and Turnagain vA rim arena none onen ee oe uonsne) ou oes omen oe eh omon sn eme 3-18 des erat mouse ocite ted siete secur meuious) CUM -Msie-momomeuiee a 3-19 COLT 1 eee CR Bgl AL IECEGIEUEECINC BOIECRICIIC iio ILECINCIDIEC SIERO uICECIORAINCEOS ORCECIORDIC 3-19 SG CO meen neem mone Pon Re cE mona N nn) cil ann nm ees 3-20 WAVES 2-c-1-u-omceen-noncn--men- nn mesh Remo sm Meee on OR mR Cem OR mss 3-21 TEAND (USE; RESOURCES Fagege enero ses ean i eos sours tonsils 3-21 introduction =a oe ee ee one me se cae) 3-21 Inventory sReSults=stcnen-e por nee et a-e Non Eros rae thee ene roe 3-22 Land Jurisdiction and Ownership ..............2.0000- 3-22 4 EET OF Seem EEC RCTIICIIC ISI CIIS TORCH DEC ISTIC IC EOID IC NCES CECI ICCC 3-23 ‘Lransportationsen-wcmencncrst one inne ener me) sis msmoea nd 3-25 Utilitieswee-e-r-n-p rope ene tee ere ore 3-26 RECREATION MANAGEMENT AREAS AND FACILITIES ........... 3-27 Introduction iy.) -t-n-k- on nnn ea ee 3-27 Inventory;Resultsisree cierto toc er teen 3-27 Chugach; National Forest soy c-m.w-momon-mat enone) eel nonce omnes 3-27 Kenai National Wildlife Refuge .................0004. 3-28 State) Parks/and) Refusesr rc: -u-nn-n-a-a-n ean) Oe ne ere 3-29 MunicipaliParks eerste ce er ie ae enn os 3-31 Dispersed) Recreation Soe.e.n.n.a-e- Wor nwo eth eee ene n none > 3-31 SOCIOECONOMICS yy -p-u-nsucusuc usu onokon-EcECW-R-B-RE oud men-uCNoeon-H Eon Ron REE 3-32 Pertinent Characteristics and Background Data ................ 3-32 Demographic! Characteristics ce oer eer 3-34 Economic Base and Employment ............. 205s eeeeeeee 3-36 Lifestyle and Quality of Life Considerations .................. 3-36 VISWAIS- RESOURCES Serre ke eet ee ee 3-37 AntroductiOneermcr sears tet in et orn i en nimcn | nonce nel ie non) 3-37 [andscape\Charactereton.e sm on.m on opm ome fee hem ee toms tore Moone eee hee 3-38 Anchorage Bow] iaicacacueweucu-nououten nouioutsucuousu.suswouteusueusuieuseemsae 3-38 Chugach: State} Park irtea-nonnen oie Rinna ea 3-38 Chugach Mountains ............-..000000008 3-38 Chugach National Forest ............02ecccesscses 3-39 ii Page MurmagainyArm owen oieselaiolelion odode eter tlentousir iio ote 3-39 Central Kenai Mountains ..................-4. 3-40 Maritimes Kemal rejoice te) cota) or) a1) 0101S) =) Cll dieiiollolreiolicl« 3-40 Kenai: Peninsular -s-n-n-nsess once monte spe aen sy rmen ener -n rene 3-41 Visual Resource Management ...............0 0. e eee eee 3-41 Chugach National Forest .................0.000000- 3-41 Chugach; State: Park pee -er-m-trenrenrc cute oront-iten on iieutch-r nomen ouronte ms pron 3-43 Seward Highway Scenic Corridor ................008- 3-43 Kenai Peninsula Borough .............2.0-0 eee eee 3-43 Coastal Management Program ...............06- 3-43 KenaiArea Plan G7.) a) reais) 5 oiteliol 0 3-44 Murmagain GAT se ceycoco coco) ore Se oleracea cue ne een ana 3-44 Visual Influence of Recreation Areas .............000 00 eee 3-45 Visually Sensitive Residential and Urban Areas ................ 3-45 CULTURAL RESOURCES Beil eich eine toner ionenniene niente 3-46 Introduction \rew-w-n-w-icncnet lel hon ir ol nek Memon listen iors) en mcncn 3-46 Inventory Results Seren aneteneroteu eene ore oiionn lier inn 1 eyelet 3-46 Prehistory opener ep seek c nen oye hooey oy touie ss eouo eee nee bergen sp eeeuee ee since 3-48 Ethnography) 3 arcs) ee) ee) elles) ee) oe 3-48 Exploration and Early Settlement ...............2.05. 3-49 Gold yea-e-r-e nope n-ne -E oe ence Pn eoe ee Eimear Emcee ae 3-49 The Alaska Railroad, Anchorage, and Twentieth Century Development yorcr carci oi seep el onedelicl eve yon sy ersiretclienel eles 3-50 CHAPTER 4.0 - LIST OF AGENCIES AND INDIVIDUALS CONSULTED ....... 4-1 psd EA DY Eh YEN Ee NG] 21 [ 0) | SS Cars rarcaac TEC IEC IONCIECINC ONCE CHO EGICIICNOEON CNIS OIRO ICN GECIION ONGC 4-1 STATE VAGENGIES Siecpencp cnn enon oren i hetohonel anche onscreen - Ronee Teiten omen Ir: 4-2 LOCALVAGENGIES Freier-solctsioken iki ekee enon eEen orien merch -ie ican einen enous: 4-3 INATIVE| CORPORATIONS! 5e).)2 eel ol elcid ee amare 4-3 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SPECIAL INTEREST GROUPS ............. 4-3 IREBERENGES Bir euceer sitentonstictsiieutoncisicureusmcivousnelsucncuciemcuen snoponen <n ensue nayi-Meusmop eae R-1 APPENDIX A - NEWSLETTER AND COMMENT FORM, NEWS RELEASES, BILL INSERTS, PAID ADVERTISEMENT APPENDIX B - COMMENTS RECEIVED APPENDIX C - DETAILED ROUTE DESCRIPTIONS APPENDIX D - RESOURCE DATA iii 3-10 3-11 3-12 3-13 3-14 3-15 3-16 3-17 3-18 3-19 3-20 LIST OF FIGURES Page Vicinity Map 6. eee eee 1-4 Environmental Study Approach ........ 2.0... 0. eee eee eee 1-9 Alternative Cormidors ...5 0562 sess sen save aues End of Chapter Vegetation Cover Types. ...............0---00-5 End of Chapter Areas of Major Wetland Concen ................ End of Chapter Bear Habitat... 2... ee ee ee End of Chapter Mountain Goat and Moose Habitat ............... End of Chapter Dall Sheep and Caribou Habitat ................. End of Chapter Anadromous Fish Habitat .................000- End of Chapter Beluga Whale and Eagle Habitat................. End of Chapter Duck & Goose Concentration Areas .............. End of Chapter Comprehensive Swan Data ................004- End of Chapter Identified Avalanche Hazard Areas ............... End of Chapter Jurisdiction/Ownership...............2.00000- End of Chapter Jurisdiction/Ownership (Anchorage) .............. End of Chapter Land Use... ee ee End of Chapter Land Use (Anchorage) ...............--00 0000 End of Chapter Recreation Facilities ...................0000- End of Chapter Recreation Management Areas ...............0-. End of Chapter Visual Management Areas ..............-20000- End of Chapter Visual Influence Recreation Facilities.............. End of Chapter Visually Sensitive Residential & Urban Areas ........ End of Chapter Visual Influences Recreation Facilities (Anchorage) ..... End of Chapter LIST OF TABLES Page Design Characteristics of 138kV to 230kV ..............0000- 1-6 Siting Criteria for Route Selection. .................0000. 1-11 Public/Agency Issues and Concerns ............2 0002 e eee 1-18 Alternative Base Route Analysis ...............0.- End of Chapter Bird Point - Quartz Creek Alternative Analysis........ End of Chapter Communities in the Vicinity of Alternative Corridors... 1... ee ee 3-33 Kenai Borough Population ............ 00.00 e eee eee 3-34 Anchorage Population ... 2... ..... eee eee eee eee 3-35 iv CHAPTER 1.0 2 ee ee Introduction and Report Summary woont nn & WN Ke NO NNN WN N FH KR BR RE Re Re ee CHAPTER 1.0 - INTRODUCTION AND REPORT SUMMARY The Draft Environmental Section Report presents the results of the route selection studies for the Southern Intertie Project. This report incorporates the relevant findings of the Draft System Studies Section Report, Design Section Report, Lands/Regulatory Section Report, and Economic Section Report previously prepared by POWER Engineers and Dames & Moore. This work was performed under Chugach Contract #95-208 for Chugach Electric Association, Manager of the Southern Intertie Project for the Intertie Participants Group (IPG). The objective of the report is to document the: = Study approach developed for the route selection study = Issues identified through the public and agency contact program = Environmental inventory and siting criteria = Identification of alternative overhead, underground, and submarine electric transmission line routes = Analysis of alternative routes Copies of the newsletters and public announcements issued during the Public and Agency Contact Program, and copies of public and agency comments received as of March 29, 1996 are also provided in this report. This chapter includes discussions of the Southern Intertie Project background, purpose and need, feasibility study, project location, project description, other alternatives considered, and study approach. The results of the route selection are provided in Chapter 2 and a study area inventory is provided in Chapter 3. Agencies and individuals consulted are listed in Chapter 4. chugach \env-rpt.chl 1-1 oman nani WN NNN NWN NN BF KR BR RP RP RP RP re PROJECT BACKGROUND Electrical generation and distribution within the Alaska Railbelt is currently provided by seven utility companies which comprise the IPG, previously referred to as the Railbelt Utilities. Members of the IPG include Fairbanks Municipal Utility System (FMUS), Golden Valley Electric Association (GVEA), Matanuska Electric Association (MEA), Chugach Electric Association (CEA), Anchorage Municipal Light and Power (AML&P), Homer Electric Association (HEA), and Seward Electric Association (SEA). The IPG was created to improve the electrical distribution network throughout the Alaska Railbelt and to provide better service to customers through cooperative energy projects. The Railbelt system is a power grid that electrically connects the area from Homer to Fairbanks. There are three distinct regions including: the interior area, centered around Fairbanks; the Anchorage Matanuska Valley area; and the Kenai Peninsula. One of the weak links in the Railbelt electric system occurs between the Kenai Peninsula and Anchorage. The existing 115 kilovolt (kV) Quartz Creek transmission line between Anchorage and the Kenai Peninsula was built in 1960 to connect CEA’s Cooper Lake Hydroelectric Project to Anchorage. The Bradley Lake Hydroelectric Project near Homer was completed in 1990. The existing transmission line does not have the capacity to carry all of the power currently generated on the Kenai Peninsula. As a result, the IPG is proposing the Southern Intertie Project to improve the reliability and transfer of energy between the Kenai Peninsula and Anchorage. This project received a $43,000,000 grant from the Alaska Railbelt Energy Fund in 1993. PURPOSE AND NEED FOR THE PROJECT The Kenai Peninsula and the Anchorage Bowl are connected by the existing 115kV University to Quartz Creek transmission line owned and operated by CEA. The existing line is prone to outage, reducing power availability to customers in Anchorage and on the Kenai, and is limited in its capacity to transfer available generation between the Kenai and Anchorage. During periods when it is desirable to transfer power over the existing 115kV line to economically use existing generation, customers on the Kenai Peninsula and in Anchorage are subject to power outages should the existing 115kV line experience an interruption. ctugach\env-rpt.chl 1-2 womaoarntnun ff WN NO NN NNN FH FR KR RR Re ee The proposed Project will solve the existing problems by providing a second line to increase: = Electrical transfer capability of the transmission system between the Kenai Peninsula and Anchorage to more economically use existing generation resources, reduce electrical system instability, and reduce system load shedding requirements = Reliability of the power supply to customers on the Kenai Peninsula and in Anchorage by providing a second path for the power during an interruption of the existing Quartz Creek line In addition, the proposed project would provide access to renewable energy resources (hydroelectric power at Bradley Lake) on the Kenai Peninsula and cleaner thermal energy at Anchorage and Beluga The Bradley Lake Hydroelectric Project, completed in 1990, currently has excess power generation capacity which cannot be fully utilized with only the existing 115kV Quartz Creek Line between the Kenai Peninsula and Anchorage. The proposed Southern Intertie Project will provide more efficient distribution and transmission of electricity between the Kenai Peninsula and the rest of the Alaska Railbelt allowing excess Bradley Lake generation capacity to be utilized throughout the Alaska Railbelt. FEASIBILITY STUDY The first step in the Southern Intertie Project was to conduct a transmission line feasibility. The study was completed in 1987 and included a preliminary evaluation of the electrical system, reliability, transmission line design and substation design requirements, and potential route locations and environmental issues. An economic feasibility study was completed in 1993. Four alternative corridors were identified, including the existing Quartz Creek Transmission Line, the Enstar Pipeline, the Tesoro Pipeline, and a submarine line across the Cook Inlet to the Beluga Power Plant. Federal and state environmental permitting constraints were identified for each of the alternatives. These studies formed the basis for the initial study area and provided an initial identification of issues (see Figure 1-1). chugach\env-rpt.ch! 1-3 . ALASKA RAILBELT SERVICE AREA co=eu‘™ A FAIRBAN Ks D Bernice Lake 3~{, z se Substation ' Southern Intertie Project VICINITY MAP Figure 1-1 1-4 OoOAmAANINAUN FSF WN NNN YN BR BR RP RP Re ee PROJECT LOCATION The Southern Intertie Project study area, located in southcentral Alaska, initially included the alternatives identified in the preliminary feasibility study conducted in 1987. The initial study area encompassed the Anchorage Bowl, the northern third of the Kenai Peninsula, and the western side of Cook Inlet as shown in Figure 1-1. The area was defined to include existing routing opportunities between the Kenai Peninsula, Anchorage, and the Beluga Power Plant. Due to the length of the Cook Inlet crossing (16 to 18 miles) and the hostile marine conditions, the construction of the line to Beluga was determined to be infeasible. The study area was modified to focus on alternatives routes between the Soldotna and Bernice Lake substations on the Kenai Peninsula, and the Point Wornzof, International, and University substations in Anchorage. The study area is generally defined by the Cook Inlet on the west, the Sterling Highway to the south, and the Seward Highway on the east and north sides. The area encompasses the Municipality of Anchorage (MOA), portions of the Chugach State Park, the Turnagain Arm, and northern portions of the Chugach National Forest and the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge (KNWR). PROJECT DESCRIPTION The proposed action for the Southern Intertie Project is to construct a 138kV or 230kV transmission line from either the Soldotna or Bernice Lake Substations on the Kenai Peninsula to one of three existing substations in the Anchorage area (Point Woronzof, International, and University) as shown on Figure 1-1. A submarine cable system would be required to cross the Turnagain Arm. Modifications may be required at the existing substations to accommodate termination facilities for the proposed line. Alternative structure types include single pole tubular steel, wood pole H-Frame, steel guyed V and steel guyed X. Table 1-1 provides descriptive information for alternative structures. chugach\env-rpt.chl 1=5 9-1 14 15 16 17 18 Approximate 80’-Kenai Flats 85’-Kenai Flats Structure Height 85’-Fire Island 90’-Fire Island 90’-Mountain Terrain 90’-Mountain Terrain Span Length 350°-450° 100°-1,000" 350°-450° 600°-800" 700°-1,000” Avg. No. Of Structures/Mile Foundations Reinforced i i Driven Concrete i Pile ' Right-of-way width for single-pole structures would vary, particularly in urban street edge locations in Anchorage, or along existing transmission lines north of Soldotna. 2 Additional right-of-way requirements for H-Frame structures parallel to existing H-Frame structures along the Quartz Creek line would be 75’. OomArntnanst WN Fe NO NN NNN NN N KY KR RR RK RP Rr re BRARRRESORPLSSEHVIADEBGHSLS OTHER ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED New Gen ion Faciliti Another alternative to building a new transmission line would be to build new electric generation facilities. This alternative would only meet a portion of the purpose and need for the Southern Intertie Project because it does not address the need for energy transfer between the two areas. In addition, this alternative does not provide a reliable improvement for the existing Quartz Creek transmission line, which would remain as the only electrical connection between the Kenai Peninsula and Anchorage. As a result, the only way to meet the purpose and need is to build a second transmission line connecting the Kenai Peninsula and Anchorage areas. Other Technology Local reliability could be increased through the installation of battery systems or Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) units in Anchorage and the Kenai Peninsula. Although this would increase reliability by providing an electrical source during transmission system or generation disturbances, it would not increase energy transfer capability between Anchorage and the Kenai Peninsula. As a result, the only way to meet the purpose and need is to build a second transmission line between Anchorage and the Kenai Peninsula. Alternative T: ission This section investigated the possibility of finding new and alternative ways to upgrade the existing transmission systems instead of constructing the Southern Intertie Project. Measures have been taken to improve the reliability of the Quartz Creek line against avalanche hazards. Although the structural reliability of the line has improved, the ability to increase electric capacity is not economically feasible. Therefore, the only alternative to meet the purpose and need is to build a new transmission line between the Kenai Peninsula and Anchorage. chugach\env-rpt.ch! 1-7 oN nN WN NY NNNN DN DN FR RR RRR RP Re STUDY APPROACH This study was designed to establish a credible foundation for compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and the potential preparation of an environmental assessment (EA) or environmental impact statement (EIS) for the proposed Southern Intertie Project. Figure 1-2 provides an illustration of the study approach and incorporates the anticipated NEPA study process required prior to the permitting and construction of the proposed project. A preferred alternative will not be identified until the NEPA study has been completed and a decision has been issued by the lead federal agency. The route selection studies followed a series of seven tasks: Start-up Study area inventory Siting criteria Alternative corridors Route alternatives Corridor analysis Environmental report Technical Approach Overview Ground and aerial reconnaissance of the study area was initiated in early December, 1995. Subsequently, existing data most pertinent to the identification of alternative corridors were compiled, mapped, and entered into a Geographic Information System (GIS). The mapped data was then analyzed to determine the sensitivity of the resources within the study area. Sensitivity is defined as a measure of probable adverse response of each resource to anticipated direct and indirect impacts associated with the construction, operation, and maintenance of the proposed transmission line. Criteria used in the sensitivity analysis includes the value of the resource, protective status, and present and future use. Both opportunities and constraints were determined within the study area, and the results were used to identify alternative corridors feasible for further consideration and to indicate areas of potential environmental concern. chugach\env-rpt.chl 1-8 ol Intertie Participants Group System Studies Report Land Rights / Regulatory Analysis Economic Report aren Environmental Studies Public Involvement Agency Public Agency i+—»| Contact |--- Program Study Area Inventory Siting Criteria Public Open Houses PN Ly Corridors Route Pe) Corridor Analysis eye ieee cL ate) ele ai Process p| Agency Briefing Se ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY APPROACH Southern Intertie Project Figure 1-2 OMWAIANMAP WN HE NNNNNNNNN DN HK RR RRR Ree iti riteria This section describes the environmental criteria established for route selection. Siting criteria include consideration of the following: Resource Value—A measure of rarity, high intrinsic worth, singularity or diversity of a resource within the area. Protective Status—A measure of the formal concern expressed for a resource either through legal protection or by assignment of special status designation. Present and Future Use—A measure of the level of conflict based in land management policies and/or use. With consideration of the above criteria, the data gathered in the inventory were evaluated and given a relative sensitivity level associated with the introduction of a 138kV or 230kV transmission line. Four levels were used for this analysis: Exclusion—Areas determined to be unsuitable because of unique, highly valued, complex or legally protected resources; potentially significant conflict with current or planned use; areas posing substantial hazards to construction and operation of the line. Only designated wilderness areas were identified for exclusion. Major—Areas determined to be less suitable because of unique, valued, or legally protected resources and some potential conflict with use; or areas posing some hazards to construction and operation of the transmission line. Moderate—Areas which could potentially conflict with the transmission line because of sensitive resource values; resources proposed or have potential for special status designation. Low—Areas where resource conflicts identified through the regional environmental study are minimal or would have no measurable environmental impact. Table 1-2 provides the results of the siting criteria analysis for route selection. chugach\env-rpt.ch! 1-10 TABLE 1-2 SITING CRITERIA FOR ROUTE SELECTION Land Use Feature Sensitivity Level Institutional major FAA recognized airports/airstrips major Communication facilities moderate oOo ont nun FF W Ne Agricultural areas with rural residential moderate Commercial moderate Public/Quasi-public moderate ee - oO 12 Planned land use * moderate 13 Proposed land use * low 14 | Industrial/extraction low : 16 | Vacant/undeveloped 17 | Primary roads low 18 | Secondary roads low 19 Railroads low 20 Existing utility corridors - pipeline, transmission line low 21 State Park major 22 ‘| State Game Refuge major 23 National Wildlife Refuge major 24 | National Forest moderate 25 Bureau of Land Management moderate 26 State Land moderate 20 Native Corporations, Municipalities and other private land 28 chugach\env-rpt.chl 1-11 Wwror DN UN PW Ne TABLE 1-2 (continued) SITING CRITERIA FOR ROUTE SELECTION mi mi Agency Special Management Areas (SMAs): National Wildlife Refuge- Minimal Management Area Moderate Management Area Intensive Management Area Skilak Wildlife Recreation Area State Park- Chugach State Park - Natural and Wilderness Zones Kenai River SMA Captain Cook State Recreation Area (SRA) melo mole mole nolo = = moderate = rode Picnic Area low ctuigach\env-rpt.chl 1-12 SwamarAA WNW aw NE — Ne 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 TABLE 1-2 (continued) SITING CRITERIA FOR ROUTE SELECTION Visual Resources U.S. Forest Service Visual Quality Objectives (VQOs) Sensitivity Level Preservation Retention Partial retention Recreation foreground views (‘4 mile) Recreation near middlegorund views (4-1 mile) Residential foreground views Residential near middleground views Vegetation Biological Resources Threatened or endangered plant species Old-growth spruce forest, riparian tall shrub Upland, lowland forest Wetlands Salt marsh habitat Wetland complexes and emergent wetlands Shrub bogs, forested wetlands and muskegs Terrestrial Mammals Moose calving concentration areas Caribou calving areas Dall sheep, mountain goat lambing areas, mineral links Brown/grizzly bear concentration areas Black bear concentration areas Moose winter range Caribou winter range and migration corridors Dall sheep, chugach\env-rpt.ch! mountain goat winter habitat 1-13 major moderate major moderate major moderate Sensitivity Level major moderate low major moderate low major major major major major o moderate 3 moderate on KN UP W NE TABLE 1-2 (continued) SELECTION Sensitivity Level SITING CRITERIA FOR ROUTE Biological Resources (continued) Brown/grizzly bear denning areas, seasonal movement corridors Brown/grizzly bear, areas of existing human use, closed conifer forest Black bear High value spawning and rearing streams Saltwater migration routes Marine Mammals Beluga spring fall concentration areas Bald eagle active nests within 330 feet of eagle nest Bald eagle nests within 660 feet of eagle nest Bald eagle seasonal use areas, anadromous fish streams Trumpeter swan traditional nesting and brood rearing habitat, less than 1 mile either side of the corridor Duck and goose spring and fall staging and nesting areas Trumpeter swan seasonal concentration areas, nesting concentrations 1-2 miles either side of the corridor Duck and goose migration corridors, lakes and emergent wetlands Trumpeter swan seasonal use areas greater than 2 miles either side of the corridor Duck and goose low density nesting areas chugach\env-rpt.ch! 1-14 oon nun kW Ne SITING CRITERIA FOR ROUTE SELECTION Sey me Sey Lv mole = nolo Sey Lev ES * Site and use specific ctaugach\ean-rpt.chl 1-15 OMmMaNI NUN PWN FE NNN NN BF RR BR Re RP RP Re ee lic Involvement and Agen ni! Pr m A public and agency scoping program was initiated to inform the general public and management agencies about the project and to solicit comments. A list of agencies and individuals consulted are provided in Chapter 4. Comments received during the public involvement phase of the project aided in the identification of issues and concerns related to the construction, operation, and maintenance of the proposed transmission line. The issues and concerns were utilized to identify and evaluate siting criteria for the identification of alternative corridors. Table 1-3 provides a list of the issues and concerns identified relative to the proposed project. The public was informed of the project through the direct mailing of newsletters and media announcements and public open houses. Included on the mailing list were federal, state, and local agency representatives; local political interests; special interest groups and associations; libraries and community centers; and all customers of CEA. In addition, copies of the newsletters and comment forms were provided to other IPG members for distribution within their service areas. Paid advertisements were placed in local newspapers notifying the public of the meeting location, date, and time. Newsletters and news releases were also distributed to local radio and television stations in the Anchorage and Kenai areas providing general information on the project and announcing the two public meetings which were held in Anchorage and Soldotna on January 31, 1996 and February 1, 1996, respectively. Appendix A contains an example of the newsletter and comment form, news release, billing statement insert, and paid advertisements issued during the study. Copies of the comments received to date are included in Appendix B. A formal presentation was conducted at each meeting by representatives of CEA, POWER Engineers and Dames & Moore. Representatives from HEA were present at the Soldotna meeting. The presentation included a statement of the purpose and need, project description, and an overview of the environmental study approach. The meetings concluded with a question and answer session. chugach\env-rpt.ch! 1-16 OoOmernInI nN WN e Oo Displays at the meetings included biological, land use, jurisdiction/ownership, recreation, geological, and visual resource inventory maps. Examples of transmission line appearance and configuration, estimated electric and magnetic fields (EMF) for the proposed transmission line, and the study approach were also presented. In addition, representatives of CEA, POWER Engineers, and Dames & Moore were available to answer questions and explain some of the graphic displays. Approximately 32 individuals attended the Anchorage public meeting at the Loussac Library. Approximately 14 individuals attended the Soldotna public meeting at the Kenai Borough Chambers. chugach\env-rpt.chl 1-17 k WwW Ne \o 00 10 11 12 Geologic Hazards Marine Environment Land Use/Jurisdiction Recreation Management Areas and Facilities chugach\env-rpt.chl TABLE 1-3 PUBLIC/AGENCY ISSUES AND CONCERNS Comment/Concern = brown bear habitat ™ moose rutting winter range ™@ spruce bark beetle infestations ™ anadromous and fresh water fish @ preservation wetlands = known or suspected raptor nesting, roosting, staging, or feeding sites = Chickaloon Flats migration area ® caribou calving and wintering grounds = incompatible with KNWR purpose @ avalanche danger @ anadromous and marine fish habitat = coastal wetlands ™ consistency with existing corridors/easements @ right-of-way expansion within existing corridors ™ residential areas ™ existing right-of-way within Anchorage, particularly in residential areas ™ aviation safety, private airstrips ™ utility corridor at west edge of refuge ® focus on existing infrastructure = Potter state wildlife refuge ™@ decrease in property values ®@ use of existing right-of-way = limit public access to transmission line route ™ recreation and visual resource management in Chugach State Park and Chugach National Forest = wilderness management and visual resources in KNWR ®@ Captain Cook SRA resources ™ recreational tourism resources along Seward Highway ™ recreational tourism resources in Hope/Sunrise @ recreational tourism resources in Turnagain Arm | park and open space in Anchorage area ® visual resource management of scenery on public lands @ recreation views = highway views = residential views ™@ tourism/recreation ® project justification = local firms to provide engineering, construction, and project support ® cost to rate payers in railbelt ® costs for each installation type (towers, aerial crossing, submarine) ® installation and maintenance cost of overhead line versus submarine 1-18 CHAPTER 2.0 A Route Selection women nn & wD 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 CHAPTER 2.0 - ROUTE SELECTION This chapter describes the location of alternative routes, a description of route facilities, and the environmental analysis of the alternatives. ALTERNATIVE ROUTE LOCATIONS Three primary alternative corridors were identified for the Southern Intertie Project including the Tesoro, Enstar, and Quartz Creek corridors, as shown on Figure 2-1, Alternative Corridors, located at end of this chapter. These corridors generally follow existing linear features on the Kenai Peninsula. Specific routing opportunities within the Anchorage Bowl and Soldotna areas primarily utilize existing and proposed utility corridors and road rights-of-way. Submarine crossings of the Turnagain Arm would occur along the Tesoro and Enstar alternatives. Transmission line routing opportunities within these corridors were identified as follows: = = The Tesoro Route generally parallels the Tesoro Pipeline from the town of Nikiski on the Kenai Peninsula to Point Possession. Submarine crossing would occur between Point Possession and Fire Island, and between Fire Island and Point Woronzof. = = The Enstar Route generally parallels the Enstar Pipeline from Soldotna to Anchorage, including a submarine crossing between Burnt Island and Potter. = = The Quartz Creek Route generally parallels the existing Quartz Creek transmission line from Soldotna to Anchorage without a submarine crossing. In addition to the primary Tesoro, Enstar, and Quartz Creek routes, several local routing opportunities have been identified within the larger corridor areas at selective locations. These local alternatives were developed to provide a variety of transmission line placement options within or near sensitive areas (urban and rural areas, areas sensitive to visual intrusion, and recreation sites). Local alternatives were identified within the Anchorage Bowl (Local Anchorage Area Alternatives) and Soldotna (Local Alternatives to the Enstar and Quartz Creek Routes), the area surrounding Captain Cook SRA (Local Alternatives to the Tesoro Route), and the Turnagain Arm crossing near Bird Point (Local Alternatives to the Quartz Creek Route). In addition, local alternative submarine crossings were identified at the points where the Tesoro and Enstar pipelines cross the Turnagain Arm and are included as local alternatives to the respective routes. chugach\env-rpt.ch2 2-1 woaoernan & WN Fe NNN NN DN BK RPP RP RP RP RP Re Appendix C provides a detailed description of the locations of the primary alternative routes and local alternatives. ALTERNATIVE ROUTE FACILITIES The overhead transmission line structures would typically be less than 90 feet in height, except for localized areas where additional ground clearance is required (i.e., steep topography). Table 1-1 provides a description of the design characteristics for both the 138kV and 230kV configurations utilizing either single steel poles, wood H-frame structures of steel X-frame structures. Refer to Appendix C for a detailed description of the transmission line structures. Tesoro Route Facilities The Tesoro Route would require modifications to the Point Woronzof and Bernice Lake substations to accept the additional termination structures required to operate the proposed transmission line. Modifications include areas ranging from 1.5 acres at Point Woronzof (including reactive compensation and submarine cable transition) to 1 acre at Bernice Lake. Submarine transition stations would be required at Point Woronzof, the north and south end of Fire island, and at Point Possession. The transition station typically requires approximately 0.1 acre. Reactive compensation stations would also be required at Point Woronzof and Point Possession utilizing approximately 1 acre, respectively. In addition, overhead to underground transition stations would be required at the north and south end of the Captain Cook SRA to accommodate the underground cable within the park. Structures supporting the overhead line would be the “guyed X Frame” throughout the entire length of the route. Enstar Route Facilities The Enstar Route would require modifications to the International and Soldotna substations to accept the additional termination structures required to operate the proposed transmission line. The modifications include areas ranging from no additional land at 138kV or 0.25 acre at 230kV at International to 0.5 acre at Soldotna. Submarine transition stations would be required near the Potter Section House and near Burnt Island on the Kenai Peninsula. The transition stations typically require approximately 0.1 acre. Reactive compensation stations would also be required near Rabbit Creek in Anchorage and near Big Indian Creek on the Kenai Peninsula utilizing approximately 1 acre, respectively. The submarine cable to underground cable transition stations chugach\env-rpt.ch2 2-2 womaoennan fk WN NY NNN YN BF RB RP RP RP RP Re would be constructed in an underground vault. Structures supporting the overhead line would be the “guyed X Frame” in rural or undeveloped areas and could utilize single pole structures within Anchorage and Soldotna. This route would also require an underground cable from the landing near Burnt Island to Big Indian Creek on the Kenai Peninsula. Z k R Faciliti The Quartz Creek Route would require modifications to the University and Soldotna substations to accept the additional termination structures required to operate the proposed transmission line. In limited sections within Anchorage and Soldotna, single pole structures would be used. Structures supporting the overhead line would consist of wooden H-Frames similar to those used on the Existing Quartz Creek 115kV transmission line. Due to electrical system requirements, a reactive compensation station would be constructed in the vicinity of Portage at the head of the Turnagain Arm. The reactive compensation station would occupy approximately 1 acre and would be located adjacent to the existing Quartz Creek 115kV transmission line. An alternative to the Quartz Creek Route described above would consist of crossing Turnagain Arm between Bird Point and Snipers Point with submarine or underground cable or a special overhead crossing. A reactive compensation station would be required for an underground or submarine crossing. From Snipers Point on the Kenai Peninsula, an overhead line would be constructed along Sixmile Creek to an intersection with the existing Quartz Creek Line. ALTERNATIVE ROUTE ANALYSIS The analysis of alternative routes incorporate the following: Siting opportunities Key siting issues and constraints Regulatory requirements Recommendations Table 2-1 (located at end of this chapter) provides an analysis of the Tesoro, Enstar, and Quartz Creek alternatives and Table 2-2 (located at end of this chapter) address the Bird Creek alternatives. Supporting environmental data for each route is provided in Appendix D and a study area inventory is provided in Chapter 3. chugach\env-rpt.ch2 2-3 nk WN There are significant environmental issues and constraints associated with each alternative. The aerial crossing at Bird Point does not appear to be feasible due to Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) hazards criteria. The remainder of these routes would provide the foundation for the anticipated NEPA process. A summary of the corridor analysis will be provided in the final report following input from the agency briefing that is planned for May. CHAPTER 2.0 Cai naa oe Re aa ue Oversized Tables and Figures a nN oo ~ 9 TABLE 2-1 ALTERNATIVE BASE ROUTE ANALYSIS Route Tesoro Links TE.A.10, TE.D.40, TE.E.50, TE.G-H.80, TE.G-H.90, TE.1.100, TE.J-K.110, TE.J-K.120, Total Miles 55.1 Enstar Links EN.A.20, EN.A.50, EN.B.80, EN.C.90, EN.D.100, EN.E.110, QCM.1.30, QC.M.1.70, QC.M.1.80 Total Miles 76.6 Siting Opportunities Existing Tesoro Pipeline Existing Enstar Pipeline Quartz Creek Links QC.A.10, QC.B.20, QC.C.30, QC.D.40, QC.E.50, QC.F.60, QC.G.70, QC.H.80, QC.1.90, QC.J.100, QC.K.110, QC.L.120, QCM.1.15, QCM.1.30, QCM.1.70, QCM.1.80 Total Miles 140.7 Existing Quartz Creek Transmission Line r Key Siting Issues and | Biological Constraints Bald Eagle and Trumpeter Swan nests Waterfowl nesting habitat Jurisdiction Adjacent to KNWR at Point Possession State, Native Corporation and Borough Land use/Socioeconomics Remote residential subdivisions north of Captain Cook SRA Adjacent lakes open to aircraft Recreation Adjacent to KNWR wildemess area at Point Possession, recreation access into KNWR Captain Cook SRA and associated use areas and trails Swanson River access Visual Resources Foreground views from remote residences and Captain Cook SRA Unique features include: Pt. Possession, Stormy Lake, views across Cook Inlet. Cultural Resources Recorded sites at Swanson River and traditional use on Fire Island. Sensitive coastal area Known sites at Point Possession Biological Trumpeter Swan and Waterfow! nesting habitat Black and Brown bear concentrations Coastal marsh habitat (Chickaloon Bay) Jurisdiction USFWS, Chugach State Park, Municipality of Anchorage and the Kenai Borough Land use/Socioeconomics Rural residential areas in Soldotna Urban Anchorage area, Oceanview Subdivision Adjacent airstrips, lakes open to aircraft Recreation KNWR minimal (EN.D.100) and moderate (EN.D.110) management areas Potter Marsh (EN.B.70, EN.B.80) Potter Section House in Chugach State Park Visual Resources KNWR area managed for preservation values Oceanview subdivision and park foreground views Unique features include: Potter Marsh scenic and wildlife viewing, Potter Section House, views into Turnagain Arm. Cultural Resources Historic sites near Potter Marsh, sensitive coastal areas Biological Bald Eagle and Trumpeter Swan Nesting habitat Coastal marsh and waterfowl concentration areas Anadromous fish streams (Kenai River near Cooper Landing) Dall sheep and Mountain Goat habitat Moose fall and winter range Geologic Hazards Known avalanche areas Potential soil liquefaction (Portage) Jurisdiction KNWR (including adjacent wilderness areas) Chugach National Forest, Chugach State Park, Municipality of Anchorage and Kenai Borough Land Use/Socioeconomics Primarily rural residential development along Seward highway corridor Seward Highway National Scenic Byway The Alaska Railroad Recreation High density of recreational features along Seward Highway (viewpoints and trail access) Chugach State Park Natural Management Area Crosses Kenai Lake and River Adjacent to proposed Bird Point recreation site Visual Resources Scenic resources in Chugach State Park managed for preservation values Retention and Partial Retention VQO in Chugach N.F. Foreground views From scenic vistas, pullouts, recreation access point and campgrounds Unique Features include: Kenai River, Turnagain Pass, Portage area, Turnagain Arm and Chugach mountains. Cultural Resources Concentration of known sites along Turnagain Arm, Prehistoric sites near confluence of Russian and Kenai Rivers Parallels Historic Iditarod Trail Regulatory | Land Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) Requirements Coastal Management Plan Federal Aviation Administration Recommendations _| Minimize separation from Tesoro Pipeline Parallel east side of the Tesoro Pipeline from Captain Cook SRA to the KNWR boundary, where the line would cross the Tesoro Pipeline and enter Cook Inlet, avoiding the KNWR Minimize vegetation clearing Underground line and transition facilities at Captain Cook SRA, or reroute utilizing Link TE.1.130 to avoid Captain Cook SRA Title 22g of ANILCA Municipality of Anchorage Section 404 Minimize separation from Enstar Pipeline Minimize vegetation clearing Underground line in Potter Marsh area and near Chickaloon Bay and transition facilities at Link EN.D.100 and Link EN.B.80. Evaluate visual impacts to Oceanview area and possible underground of EN.A.50 Land Water Conservation Fund compliance along Kenai River Chugach National Forest Special Use Permit Match transmission structure types and spans when paralleling existing H-Frame transmission line Minimize vegetation clearing Utilize Single Pole Structures within Anchorage (QC.A.10 along Tudor road) and Soldotna (QCM.1.80) ns 10 TABLE 2-2 BIRD POINT - QUARTZ CREEK ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS Route Existing Quartz Creek Bird Point Aerial Crossing Bird Point Submarine Crossing Links QC.D.40, QC.E.50, QC.F.60, QC.G.70. QC.H.80, QC.D1A.10 QC.D.2.10 QC.D.2.10 QC.D1A.10 QC.D.2.10 QC.D1B.10 QC.D.2.10 13.7 QC.1.90 Total Miles 38.8 Total Miles 12.6 (10,500 feet) Total Miles 13.7 (19,500 feet) Siting Existing Quartz Creek Transmission Line Narrowest Crossing of Turnagain Arm Narrowest Crossing of Turnagain Arm Opportunities Key Siting Issues Biological Coastal Marsh Habitat Bald Eagle Nests Waterfowl concentration and migration corridor Geological Hazards Known avalanche areas Potential soil liquefaction (Portage) Jurisdiction Chugach State Park Chugach National Forest Land Use/Socioeconomics Mixed use development at Girdwood and Portage The Alaska Railroad Recreation Multiple adjacent recreation facilities including: recreational view point, trail heads, rest areas, access road to Portage Glacier Visual Resources Foreground views from Seward Highway Scenic Byway and related view points Cultural Resources Known sites along Seward Highway, Portage area Parallels Historic Iditarod Trail Biological Bald Eagle nesting (Sixmile) Anadromous fish stream Moose fall/winter habitat Jurisdiction Chugach State Park, Chugach National Forest, Crossing Conservation Easement along Sixmile Creek Land Use/Socioeconomics Seward Highway Scenic Byway, rural residential residences along Sixmile Creek Recreation Proposed Bird Point recreation area, Sixmile Creek. Recreational trails and facilities along Sixmile Creek. Visual Resources Foreground views from Bird Point across the Turnagain Arm Unique features include Bird Point, Sixmile Creek Valley, Alpenglow Mountain Aerial crossing (530 ft, the height of a 50 story building) will dominate the landscape within a two mile distance and would overwhelm views from Bird Point, and from selected locations along the Hope Highway. Significant night lighting impacts Cultural Resources Recorded sites in the vicinity of Sun Rise and Bird Point Parallels a connecting trail to the Historic Iditarod Trail Biological Bald Eagle nesting (Sixmile) Waterfowl concentration and migration corridor Anadromous fish stream Moose fall/winter habitat Jurisdiction Chugach State Park Chugach National Forest, Land Use/Socioeconomics Seward Highway Scenic Byway, rural residential residences along Sixmile Creek Recreation Proposed Bird Point recreation area, Sixmile Creek. Recreational trails and facilities along Sixmile Creek. Visual Resources Foreground views from Bird Point across the Turnagain Arm Unique features include Bird Point, Sixmile Creek Valley, Alpenglow Mountain Cultural Resources Recorded sites in the vicinity of Sun Rise and Bird Point Parallels a connecting trail to the Historic Iditarod Trail Regulatory Chugach National Forest Special Use Permit Chugach National Forest Special Use Permit Chugach National Forest Special Use Permit Requirements Aerial crossing will create a FAA Hazard Determination Recommendations Match spans and structure types of existing line Not feasible due to FAA hazards and unacceptable visual impacts. Underground transition facilities at Bird Point and Sunrise for the submarine crossing CHAPTER 3.0 Study Area Inventory SwoCmI dH wre 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 CHAPTER 3.0 - STUDY AREA INVENTORY Chapter 3 provides an inventory of environmental resources within the project study area. Resource inventory information was compiled through the review of existing agency management plans, previous studies conducted within the region, maps, limited field visits and aerial photo interpretation. A list of the agencies and individuals consulted during this study is located in Chapter 4. Figures 3-1 through 3-20 illustrate resource information and are provided at the end of this chapter. BIOLOGY Introduction The following section describes biological resources likely to occur within the regional study area for the proposed Southern Intertie Project. An inventory was conducted for the vegetative and associated wildlife species, as well as any special status species that potentially occur in the study area. Biotic communities in the study area range from coastal tidal estuaries to alpine tundra communities. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine areas which offered opportunities for siting the proposed transmission line and those areas which need to be avoided due to the presence of sensitive features. Inventory Results Vegetation The study area for the Southern Intertie Project encompasses the northern portions of the Kenai Peninsula, the southern portions of the Chugach Mountain Range along the Turnagain Arm, and a portion of the Anchorage Bowl. The western portion of the study area is an extensive area of lakes, muskegs, and wetlands most of which are within the KNWR. The eastern portion of the study area includes the Kenai Mountain range with relatively narrow valleys and tall mountain peaks and ridges. The study area falls within both the interior boreal forest and the coastal forest zones, and supports a diverse variety of vegetation community types (Hulten 1968). The interaction of diverse vegetation patterns and repeated fires have resulted in complex patterns of vegetation (Selkregg 1976). The study area incudes four main forest cover types—coastal spruce-hemlock, upland spruce-hardwood, lowland spruce-hardwood, and bottom land spruce-poplar—and are described according to Selkregg (1976). Vegetation cover types were mapped at a scale of 1:250,000 and are illustrated in Figure 3-1. chugach\env-rpt.ch3 3-1 OMANI KDN F&F WN NY NNN ND KM BF RP BR RK RR Re The coastal spruce-hemlock forest is an extension of the coastal forest common to Prince William Sound and southeast Alaska. It is typically restricted to the lower mountain slopes, foothills and valleys of the Kenai Mountains along the Turnagain Arm and east of Indian Valley in the Chugach Range. The dominant species within this cover type are Sitka spruce (Picea sitkensis) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla). Other species include mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana), Sitka alder (Alnus sinuata), balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera), and quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides). Common understory shrubs consist of devil’s club (Echinopanax horridum), trusty menziesia (Menziesia ferruginia), and blueberry (Vaccinium spp.). Upland spruce-hardwood is a widespread forest cover type occurring in the foothills area of the western Kenai Mountains, in well drained uplands along Cook Inlet including much of the Anchorage area, and on small well-drained sites of the Kenai Lowlands. This community consists of dense white spruce (Picea glauca), paper birch (Betula papyrifera) or Kenai birch (Betula kenaica), balsam poplar, and quaking aspen. At higher elevations near treeline, mountain hemlock is also a common species. Shrub species include the Sitka alder and thinleaf alder (Alnus tenuifolia), willows (Salix spp.), Labrador tea (Ledum groenlandica), and highbush cranberry (Viburnum edule). Black spruce (Picea mariana) occurs in the poorly drained areas within this forest cover type. Lowland spruce-hardwood forests cover much of the interior portions of the Kenai Lowlands and are dominated by extensive stands of open black spruce with some balsam poplar and some paper birch or Kenai birch. Understory species include Labrador tea, dwarf birch (Betula nana), and wild rose (Rosa acicularis). This cover type grows extensively on shallow peat soils, glacial deposits, poorly drained outwash plains, and on lowlands and some north-facing slopes in the study area. Sphagnum mosses, horsetail (Equisetum sp.), blueberry (Vaccinium spp.), and lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) are the major ground cover species in this forest cover type. Bottom land spruce-poplar cover types are typically found in areas along floodplains of meandering streams and rivers, such as the Kenai River, and in well-drained, rich soils. This cover type primarily consists of white spruce with varying amounts of balsam poplar. This cover type only exists on a small portion of the study area occurring primarily in the Soldotna area and in well-drained sites in southern Anchorage. The understory of this community typically consists of dense green alder, thinleaf alder, willows, wild rose, Labrador tea, and chugach\env-rpt.ch3 3-2 omen ank WN NN NN N BS RR BR Re Re Re ee AFKSRBFESBRVERPSVLPSSGHIADEBSHSLS bunchberry (Cornus suecia). A variety of grasses, forbs, and mosses are common on the forest floor. Tall shrub communities in the study area occur both as floodplain thickets on major streams and rivers (riparian communities), and in higher elevations as alder-willow communities located in the transition zone between boreal forest and alpine tundra. The riparian thickets on river floodplains consist primarily of willows and thinleaf alder and are found along most major tributaries within the study area. Extensive areas of tall shrub are found at the head of the Turnagain Arm in the Twentymile, Portage, and Placer River drainages. The high brush communities at the timberline consist of shrub birch (Betula glandulosa), alder, and several species of willow. Bogs and muskegs occur in low-lying, wet areas on old, poorly drained floodplains and in the higher elevations of stream drainages. These cover types typically consist of low shrub communities with varying amounts of sedges and mosses. This cover type is usually classified as a wetland. Stunted black spruce is often a dominant species with dwarf birch, Labrador tea, and bog blueberry (Vaccinium uliginosum) as an understory. Sedges, grasses, and cottongrass are also common components of this cover type. The most extensive areas of bogs and muskegs within the study area occur in the Kenai Lowlands, particularly northeast of the Kenai Airport and north of Sterling in the Moose River Drainage. Alpine tundra occurs throughout the region on ridges and slopes in higher elevations of the Kenai Mountains and within the Chugach Mountain Range. This community typically consists of low, mat-forming shrubs such as crowberry (Empetrum nigrum), arctic willow (Salix arctica), mountain avens (Dryas octopetala), mountain heather (Phyllodoce spp.), along with common alpine grasses and forbs. Wetlands Wetlands within the study area have been delineated on 1:63,360 maps by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) National Wetlands Inventory Program (USFWS 1978). The classification system used by the USFWS follows Corwardin et al. (1979) and defines wetlands according to ecological characteristics. Wetlands and aquatic systems within the study area include estuarine, palustrine, lacustrine, and riverine wetlands. Waters within the Cook Inlet north of the East and West Forelands are considered to be estuarine due to the lower salinity of chugach\env-rpt.ch3 3-3 OMANI NHN FS WN Ke NN NNN NN DN PK RR RP RP RP RP ee the water and constricted water flow (USFWS 1985). Figure 3-2 depicts the wetland concentrations. Estuarine systems in the upper Cook Inlet occur as offshore waters, unvegetated intertidal mud flats, exposed sand/gravel beaches, or vegetated saltmarsh habitats in protected areas typically occurring at the mouths of rivers. Subtidal areas within the study area do not support any vegetation due to the high silt loads in the water and low light levels. Unvegetated intertidal mudflats occur throughout both the northern and southern shoreline of the Turnagain and Knik Arms and along much of the coast of Fire Island. Green algae exists on the surface of the mud flats in upper tide levels occurring primarily in protected areas with little ice/rock scouring. Gravel and sand beaches are found along the shoreline of the northwest portions of the Kenai Peninsula and on Fire Island typically occurring below eroding sea bluffs. Estuarine salt marsh communities are one of the more important wildlife habitats in the study area and are found in low-lying coastal areas typically at the mouths of river systems. Estuarine salt marshes include Chickaloon Bay on the northern Kenai Peninsula and the Twentymile, Portage, and Placer rivers at the head of Turnagain Arm. Dominant species include arrowgrass (Triglochin maritima), goose tongue (Plantago maritimum), sedges (Carex Ramenskii, C. Lyngbyaei), and alkali grasses (Puccinellia spp.). Lacustrine systems include lakes and ponds over two acres in surface area. There are hundreds of small lakes and ponds throughout the study area with the highest concentration of lakes located on the Kenai Peninsula in the central portions of the KNWR. These lakes provide feeding and nesting habitat for many kinds of terrestrial and aquatic wildlife species, and habitat for both resident and anadromous fish. Common vegetation in these habitats include white waterlily (Nymphacea tetragona), pond lily (Nuphar polysepalum), and pondweeds (Potomageton spp.) Riverine systems are areas contained within the outer limits of river or stream channels. These wetland systems are relatively numerous within the study area and include both high gradient mountain streams such as the upper reaches of the Chickaloon River and low gradient slower streams and rivers such as Swanson River and Moose Creek in the Kenai Lowlands. The largest river system with the study area is the Kenai River which supports a significant run of four species of salmon. Among the many important functions of these streams and rivers are ctugach\env-rpt.ch3 3-4 OomarNI nan fk WN NNN NNN FB FF BRP RP RP ee spawning and rearing of several species of salmon and habitat for resident species of fish such as the Dolly Varden and Rainbow Trout. Palustine wetlands are by far the most wide-spread wetlands type in the study area. These systems consist of freshwater wetlands dominated by woody plant or herbaceous species and shallow ponds. Five categories of palustrine wetlands exist within the study area and include forested wetlands, saturated shrub bogs, temporarily or seasonally flooded riparian shrub communities, emergent wetlands or marshes, and shallow ponds. Saturated shrub bogs and forested wetlands are the most extensive wetland type within the study area. Common species associated with shrub bog wetland types in this region include stunted black spruce, shrub birch, diamond leaf willow (Salix planifolia), sweet gale (Myrica gale), thin leaf alder, dwarf birch (Betula nana), Labrador tea, shrubby cinquefoil (Potentilla fruiticosa), bog blueberry (Vaccinium uliginosum), mountain cranberry (V. vitis idaea), black crowberry (Empetrum nigrum), bog rosemary (Andromeda sp.) and several lesser species of willow. Stunted black spruce are the dominant woody species of shrub bogs but are occasionally mixed with alder. Emergent species include several species of sedge (Carex spp.), cottongrass (Eriophorium spp.), Pacific reed-grass (Calamagrostis canadensis), swamp horsetail (Equisetum fluviatile), and several types of sphagnum moss. Forested wetlands (saturated black spruce bogs) are another common wetland type encountered in the study area with extensive areas occurring throughout the Kenai Lowlands. These areas are typically open, black spruce forests or stunted spruce woodlands, with an understory of deciduous shrubs, such as Labrador tea and tussock cottongrass. Where the canopy is more open, the understory is similar to the scrub shrub communities. Seasonally flooded and temporarily flooded riparian shrub wetland habitats occur along old bars of rivers, and streams corridors which have stabilized enough to support woody plants. These wetlands are found in areas within the floodplains of the rivers and small streams. Typical vegetation includes cottonwood, thinleaf alder, and several willow species such as the diamond leaf willow, felt leaf willow, with understory of Pacific reed-grass, fireweed (Epilobium angustifolium), swamp horsetail, marsh cinquefoil (Potentilla palustris), and nagoon berry (Rubus arcticus). Stunted black spruce may also occur in small amounts on higher terraces. chugach\env-rpt.ch3 3-5 womornanhr WN KY NN NN NN DNDN BK RF RP RP RP rR re Emergent wetlands or marshes are typically dominated by grasses such as Pacific reed-grass and several species of sedge (Carex spp.), cottongrass (Eriophorium spp.), and horsetail with small amounts of low shrub species. Small ponds are scattered throughout the study area. Wetlands associated with ponds are generally a complex of open water and emergent and shrub bog habitats. Dominant plant species in these complexes include sedges, cottongrass, and buckbean (Menyanthes trifolia). For purposes of mapping general wetlands distribution, wetlands were designated according to the major wetlands type with specific areas. Coastal marsh habitats were considered a separate category due to their function and value as wildlife habitat. The center of the Kenai Lowlands was classified as having extensive lakes and wetland complexes. Areas of extensive muskegs and forested wetlands near the Kenai Airport and within the Moose River drainage were delineated separately. Wildlife Terrestrial Mammals Six species of large mammals are of particular importance in the project area because of their subsistence, recreational, or ecological importance. The species of concern include black bear (Ursus americana), brown bear (Ursus arctos), caribou (Rangifer trandus), Dall sheep (Ovis dalli), moose (Alces alces), and mountain goat (Oramnos americanus). Ranges for these species and critical habitats such as calving areas for caribou and mineral licks for Dall sheep were delineated on area base maps to indicate potential environmental constraints. The information was derived from habitat maps developed by the ADG&G (1985). Black bears are abundant throughout the study area and utilize a wide range of habitat types and are more common than brown bear (Figure 3-3). Black bears prefer open forest, and mixed forest and shrub habitats, which provide cover and preferred food species such as berries, succulent forbs, and grasses. Black bears typically avoid open areas and extensive areas of dense timber, except during spring when grasslands provide important feeding habitat for bears emerging from their dens (USFWS, 1980). Black bears feed mostly on herbaceous vegetation, but also feed on carrion and spawning salmon in many of the rivers and streams during the summer months [Alaska Division of Fish & Game (ADF&G), 1976]. The highest quality habitat hugach\env-rpt.ch3 3-6 OomearNnnaAn Fk WN NO NNNN NB FR FR Rr RP Rr re for black bear consist of forested areas with relatively small openings (close to escape cover), a high diversity of forage species, and a high percentage cover of these species. No black bear denning areas have been delineated within the study area but areas of high use such as the Chickaloon Flats and burn areas in the center of the Kenai Lowlands provide the bears with high value habitat. The largest black bear concentrations are north of the Kenai River, ranging from Beaver Creek and the Swanson River east to the Kenai Mountains. Black bears will also use the coastal saltmarsh areas for feeding during the spring when vegetation is emerging. Brown bears are omnivorous and rely on a wide variety of food items. They feed heavily on grasses and forbs throughout summer and on berries in late summer and fall. Carrion is a highly desirable food item for brown bears and is taken when found. Brown bears are drawn to salmon spawning streams in mid to late summer by the availability of salmon (predominantly carcasses) (Jacobson 1991). Brown bear also feed on salmon in the Russian, Moose, Chickaloon, and Swanson rivers as well as most any stream with spawning salmon. Brown bears also prey on moose and caribou calves. These bears also inhabit the valleys and mountainous areas of the Chugach Range but no concentrations have be documented within the study area. Sensitive habitats include any areas where salmon are available to bears, spring concentrations on tidal grass flats. Two known locations of Brown bear denning areas are located in the foothills of the Kenai Range east of the Enstar Pipeline. Brown bears can be found in any habitat type, but prefer open habitats and are most common in upland shrub and alpine tundra communities and require large tracts of undisturbed habitat. (USFWS 1980). Moose are one of the most common and visible wildlife species in the region and are found throughout the majority of the study area. Figure 3-4 identifies moose habitat within the study area. The KNWR was originally established to protect moose and provide habitat to offset the population declines of the mid 1920s and 1930s from over use of winter range and harsh weather (Bangs et al. 1982b). Fires in 1947 and 1969 improved habitat and numbers increased as a result of favorable browse conditions. Moose seasonally occupy areas from the lowland muskegs to the high mountain valleys. Moose surveys conducted in 1979 and 1982 along the Kenai River indicated average densities of 4.2 and 6.7 moose per square mile respectively [Alaska Division of Natural Resources (ADNR), 1994]. chugach\env-rpt.ch3 3-7 Omen nn WN NO NN NN DN BY FR FR Be RR Re Bailey (1978) described two types of moose populations on the Kenai Peninsula. The first includes a migratory population which gathers in the mountain drainages during rutting season then move to the lower elevations and onto the Kenai Lowlands to winter. A second population remains on the Kenai Lowlands throughout the year. Important wintering areas within the study area include the Resurrection Valley and the head of Turnagain Arm in the Twentymile, Portage, and Placer River valleys and a few isolated areas within the Kenai Mountains. Other important habitats for moose are riparian shrub habitats for winter range in areas along streams and river floodplains where snow depth is not a limiting factor and areas which provide suitable cover for calving in the spring. Moose calving areas are scattered throughout the Kenai Lowlands (Bailey and Bangs 1980). The area’s numerous wetlands, ponds, bogs, and sloughs provide suitable cover for successful calving. The Moose River Flats, because of their numerous muskegs habitats and shrub bogs, provide optimum calving areas. Preferred moose browse varies by geographic area and season of the year but willow is the favored winter food. Burned-over areas in the Kenai Lowlands offer such habitat. Birch and aspen are also used as a food source and are found throughout upland spruce hardwood forests throughout the study area. Moose will forage in early spring and summer on aquatic vegetation and emergent plants along rivers, bogs, and muskegs. Mountain goat have a more extensive range within the study areas than the Dall sheep and inhabit the higher alpine areas of the high peaks and ridges of both the Kenai and Chugach ranges (see Figure 3-4). Goat winter habitat is restricted to exposed, wind-swept where snow depth is minimal. Goats give birth in the spring and also choose inaccessible areas which afford protection from predators. Goat habitat is higher in elevation than what would potentially be affected by this project. Caribou, which were eliminated on the Kenai Peninsula from fires and unregulated hunting by 1912, were reintroduced by the ADF&G in 1965 and 1966 (Figure 3-5). Forty-four animals were released just north of the Kenai River (Bangs et al. 1982). The reintroduced caribou formed two distinct herds—Kenai Mountain herd and the lowlands herd. The Kenai Mountain herd ranges throughout the alpine and subalpine areas of the Kenai Range near Hope and to the foothills on the western slope of the Kenai Range. This herd winters in the Big Indian Creek hugach\env-rpt.ch3 3-8 OMANI HN fF WN N NO NNN WN NN FY FR BR RP RP RP re South watershed to their calving area in the American Pass, which is a key habitat requirement for any caribou herd (ADF&G 1985). The other herd became established in a sedge-grass wetland that surrounds the Kenai Airport (Bangs et al. 1982). This second herd has three possible calving areas—north of the Kenai Airport, a large wetland south of the Lower Kenai River mouth, and a small area in the Moose River Flats. Caribou from this herd move east to the Moose River rutting area in early October and breed at this location. This herd then stays in this general area to winter but can range over much of the central portion of the Kenai Lowlands. Dall sheep are widely distributed throughout the Kenai and Chugach mountains and are found in the study area on mountain slopes along the north side of Turnagain Arm from Girdwood to Potter and in the mountainous areas around Kenai Lake and the upper Kenai River (Figure 3-5). Dall sheep are distributed in alpine and subalpine habitat above the 2,500-foot elevation (ADF&G 1985). Dall sheep feed on grasses and sedges and also browse on willows and lichens. In the spring, sheep follow the retreating snow line into high meadows and ridges to feed on emerging succulent vegetation. A critical time period for the Dall sheep is lambing in the spring. Preferred lambing habitat is on the most inaccessible cliffs available to sheep. An important feature of Dall sheep spring and summer habitat is the proximity to mineral licks, which provide nutritional requirements and social interaction between members of the herd. Several mineral licks have been identified in the Kenai and Chugach mountains, three of which are within the study area. One mineral lick has been identified in Kenai Mountains near the head waters of the Chickaloon River and East Creek. Another mineral lick is present along the Sterling Highway near Cooper Landing. In the southern Chugach Range along Turnagain Arm, one mineral lick has been identified between Potter and Indian valleys. Other wildlife species common to the study area include snowshoe hare (Lagopus lagopus), hoary marmot (Marmota caligata), Arctic ground squirrel (Citellus undualata), red squirrel (Taniasciurus hudsonicus), beaver (Castor canadensis), muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus), porcupine (Erithizon dorsatum), red fox (Vuples vulpes), coyote (Canus latrans), wolf (Canus lupus), wolverine (Galo galo), marten (Martes americana), short-tailed weasel (Mustella ermine), mink (Mustella vison), river otter (Lutra canadensis), lynx (Lynx canadensis) and several species of voles and shrews (ADF&G 1985). chugach\env-rpt.ch3 3-9 OoOmMornNntank WN NN NNN YN BY KR RP RP RP RP RP Pe Anadromous Fish Species A large number of lakes and freshwater streams within the study areas provide both spawning and rearing habitat of commercially important anadromous fish populations such as all five species of salmon; chinook (Oncorhyncus tshawytscha, coho (O. kisutch), pink (O. gorbuscha), chum (O. keta and sockeye (O. nerka). Other important anadromous species include, Eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus), longfin smelt (Spirinchus thaleichthys), threespine stickleback (Gasterostreus aculeatus) and Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) (Moulton 1994). Spawning habitats for these species are particularly sensitive in that siltation of spawning beds can result in loss of eggs or newly hatched fish in the stream gravels (Figure 3-6). Other important habitats for these fish include rearing habitat for juveniles in the lakes and streams and the nearshore estuarine water which are major feeding habitats during out migration of smolt from the freshwater to saltwater. Adults also pass through nearshore estuarine water on their upstream migration to spawning. Spawning adults also provide a significant food source for wildlife species such as brown bear, black bear, river otters and Bald Eagles. Several species of resident fish which are also found in the freshwater lakes and streams in study areas and include rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), Arctic grayling (Thamyllus arcticus), round whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), longnose sucker (Catostomus catostomus), and ninespine sticklebacks (Pungitius pungitius) (Bangs et al. 1982). Marine fish within upper Cook Inlet and Turnagain Arm which do not enter freshwater to any significant extent include the Pacific herring (Clupea harengus), saffron cod (Eliginus gracilis), capelin (Mallotus villosus), sandfish (Trichodon trichodon), snail fish (Liparis rutteri), yellowfin sole (Limanda aspera), Pacific staghorn sculpin (Leptocottus armatus) and starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus) (Dames & Moore 1983; Moulton 1994). Many of these fish species are important food sources for both birds and marine mammals. Marine Mammals Three species of marine mammal are common to the study area on a seasonal basis, the harbor seal (Phoca vitalina) and beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas), and the killer whale (Orcinus orca). The harbor seal is found in small numbers in the Turnagain Arm during the summer months when salmon are present. Seal can often be seen hauled out on the flats at Chickaloon caugach\env-rpt.ch3 3-10 oOmAarNI nN WN NNN NNN ND BH RRP RP RP RP RP Ree Bay during low tide (USFWS 1994). No concentration areas for seals have been identified within the study area. Beluga whales in Cook Inlet (Figure 3-7) appear to be a small geographically isolated population separated from the populations in the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort seas and the Arctic Ocean (Morris 1992). Belugas frequent the waters of Turnagain Arm during the spring and summer months as they feed on smelt and salmon (Morris 1992). Estimates of populations from aerial counts range as high as 650 using correction factors for animals not seen (Morris 1992). Areas of Beluga concentration in the study area include the intertidal and near shore areas of the Turnagain and Knik Arms near Anchorage. Concentrations occur primarily in the late spring to early fall. Locations of calving areas in Cook Inlet have not been identified but about calving but it is believed that it occurs in coastal waters where the belugas concentrate, particularly in estuaries Although infrequent Killer whales occur in the waters of the upper inlet in small pods feeding on beluga whales (Morris 1992). Birds The study area supports well over 150 species of birds as either year-round residents or migrants making their way to their interior or arctic breeding areas to nest during the short arctic summer (West 1994). Most all avian habitats from coastal saltmarsh to alpine tundra are represented and the species list includes a very diverse population of birds. Some of the major types include loons, grebes, Sandhill Cranes, a variety of waterfowl, shorebirds, gulls, terns, hawks and owls, and many species of songbird or passerines. Waterfowl The major waterfowl concentrations are generally confined to saltmarsh habitat in the Chickaloon Flats areas, at the head of Turnagain Arm, the Anchorage Coastal Wetlands and Potters Marsh area (Figure 3-8). These areas provided feeding habitat for migrant waterfowl and a smaller amount of nesting habitat. The Chickaloon Flats estuary and associated wetlands is the major staging area on the Kenai Peninsula for thousands of migrating waterfowl and shorebirds (Quimby 1974). Species which cinugach\env-rpt.ch3 3-11 omen nAUN fF WN NO NN NN ND FB RF RF RF Rr RP Re AREBSRBFSVSRBNRFRRPSRSPSSGRIAAEBHSS utilize the flats include Trumpeter and Tundra Swans, Lesser and Cackling Canada Geese, Greater White-fronted Geese, Snow Geese, Sandhill Cranes, Mallards, Northern Pintail, Green- winged Teal, Northern Shoveler, and several species of shorebirds. Total numbers of birds on the flats during fall migration may exceed 25,000 individuals. Numbers of geese in fall can be in excess of 5,000 birds (USFWS 1986). The tidal flats at the head of Turnagain Arm also provide staging habitat for thousands of migrating waterfowl such as Canada Geese, several species of ducks and Sandhill Cranes during the spring and fall (ADF&G 1985). This are also serves as a migration corridor for bird flying between the Cook Inlet and Prince William Sound regions. Other areas of importance to waterfowl include the numerous small lakes and associated wetlands habitats which occur throughout the northern portion of the Kenai Peninsula. These areas provide a significant amount of nesting and brood rearing habitat for several species of waterfowl and other species of waterbirds such as the common and pacific loons, red-necked grebes, and sandhill cranes, and shorebird such as greater yellow-legs and common snipe. Since the 1970s, populations of trumpeter swans have been increasing in the southcentral region of Alaska (Bailey et al. 1982c). The population at present appears to be relatively stable on the Kenai Peninsula (Conant, personal communication 1995). The USFWS trumpeter swan nesting habitat maps indicate that trumpeter swan concentrations extend throughout the lowland from the coastal fringe along Cook Inlet to the foothills of the Kenai Mountains just west of the Enstar Pipeline route with high densities of nesting swans in the center of the Kenai Lowlands (USFWS 1995). This portion of the Kenai Lowlands supports a population of approximately 30 to 40 pair of breeding swans (USFWS 1994). Many of the trumpeter swans which utilize the Kenai Lowland stage in the lower reaches of the Moose River in the spring prior to establishing nesting territories and again in the fall prior to migration (ADNR 1986). Trumpeter swans also use other isolated areas where suitable habitat exists such as Fire Island. Trumpeter swan survey data were plotted for all the years in which surveys were conducted (1968-1995) in order to delineate optimum swan habitat (Figure 3-9). A plot of one individual years of data was also plotted to represent a typical distribution and provide a relative number of swan using the Kenai Lowland for 1995. Comparison of these maps suggest there is considerably movement between habitat and territories are not occupied every season. chugach\env-rpt.ch3 3-12 OoOmAmoarnt nan fk WN NO NNN WN DN BR BF BR Re Re Re Re eS A variety of raptor species occur throughout the study area as either breeders or as migrants, including several species of hawks and owls, eagles and falcons. Bald eagles (shown on Figure 3-7), golden eagles, northern harriers, northern goshawks, red-tailed hawks, rough-legged hawks, sharp-shinned hawks, american kestrels, merlins, and gyrfalcons are known to occur throughout the study area. Migrant populations of peregrine falcons occur but are not known to breed in the study area (Bailey, T. personal communication). Migrant birds are expected to occur in areas of spring and fall waterfowl concentration such as the Chickaloon Flats or the flats at the head of Turnagain Arm. Bald eagles are protected under the Eagle Protection Act and nest in areas near suitable food supply such as along the coast or along major water courses such as lakes, river or sloughs close to the ocean or near clear streams where ice breaks up early in the spring (ADF&G 1986; Bangs et al. 1982a). Preferred habitat appears to include streams which support both spring spawning fish and fall salmon runs (Bangs et al. 1982b). High concentrations of bald eagle nests occur on the Moose Creek drainage however few nests have been documented on the Swanson or Chickaloon River drainages located nearby. Known nest sites are scattered along the coastal fringe north of Nikiski and along the southern shoreline of Turnagain Arm. However, none have been documented along the northern side of Turnagain Arm from Portage to Anchorage (M. Jacobson, USFWS, personal communication) (see Figure 3-7). Golden eagles are uncommon nesters in the Kenai Mountains and typically migrate south during the winter unlike the bald eagle which are year-round residents of the study area (Bangs et al. 1982b). Osprey are rare on the Kenai Peninsula; however, one nesting pair has been documented adjacent to a small lake north of Kenai (Bailey, T. personal communication). The American Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus anatum) is listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act and occurs within the study area during its migration to breeding areas in the interior and western Alaska. Arctic Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus tundrius), which breed in Arctic Alaska is also listed as a threatened species and could also occur as migrants in the study area during spring and fall migration. Neither of these birds are known to nest in the chugach\env-rpt.ch3 3-13 OMAN AHN FWN NNN NN WN DN FY FR RR Re RR ee BESRBRNRFRRSRRKSSSVADESHES northern portions of the Kenai Peninsula or along Turnagain Arm (Ambrose, S. USFWS, personal communication). The are no plant species which are listed as threatened or endangered within the study area (Murray and Lipkin 1987) although some rare species or sensitive species could potentially be found in the study area (Alaska Natural Heritage Program 1991). GEOLOGIC HAZARDS AND FEATURES Introduction The analysis of geologic hazards and features began with a review of the regional physiography and general geologic setting in the project area. This was followed by an investigation and evaluation of geologic features and phenomena which could adversely affect the construction, operation, and maintenance of the proposed transmission line. They were then evaluated to determine their potential affect on the proposed transmission line and to determine whether their distribution was such that they could be avoided by appropriate corridor location or route alignment. The existing Quartz Creek Transmission Line has historically been subjected to frequent avalanches, continued maintenance due to frost heaving, and the potential for soil liquefaction. In order to identify potential alternative corridor locations, geologic hazards, including areas prone to avalanches, were identified and mapped as shown in Figure 3-10. This analysis lead to the conclusion that some of the hazards would not be significant to corridor selection. For example, it is clear that any route across the study area must pass through a broad zone of high seismicity. In addition, other hazards such as geologic faults, frost heaving, soil erosion and tsunamis could potentially occur over such extensive areas that their distribution does not provide a meaningful basis for corridor selection. Evaluation of these features and phenomena was based on review of available maps, photos, previous studies, and data on the region. chugach\env-rpt.ch3 3-14 OoMmeANI NAN fF WN He NON NN DN YK RB RK RP RP ee RF SRBFSBRSNVRERDRSORPSSGHRUIAGREBEHRSS nven Resul: Frost Heave and Frost Jacking Frost heave is a process where the soil expands upwards due to freezing temperatures. Frost jacking is an upward expansion of soil which displaces pilings or other buried structures as a result of freezing and thawing at or below the ground surface (i.e., transmission structures). This can directly affect the stability and reliability of transmission line structures in the project area. Throughout much of the study area, fine glacial silt is a prevalent soil type. Silty soils, combined with shallow ground water, a thick capillary fringe, and sub-freezing temperatures, provide optimum conditions for maximum frost heaving. All three conditions— silty, frost susceptible soils; sub-surface water; and freezing temperatures—must be present in order for these hazards to occur with the main determining characteristic for frost heave being the presence of frost susceptible soil. Avalanches Avalanches occur due to snow loading, freeze and thaw temperature fluctuations, and vibrations (earthquakes or man-made sources). These conditions are present in most of the areas along Turnagain Arm and within the Chugach and Kenai mountains. The four types of avalanches occurring in the study area include slab avalanches, loose snow, point release cornice breaks, and glide failures. In general, potentially destructive avalanches in the Chugach Mountains occur in areas where the slope is 30 to 40 degrees, the avalanche runout zone is between 0 and 20 degrees, and the vertical elevation difference between the release slope and the runout zone is approximately 3,000 feet. Avalanches in the area are commonly funneled into chutes, which are areas with little vegetation and talus cones. Historical avalanche paths along highways, transmission lines, and railroads have been documented by ADOT&PF, CEA, and the Alaska Railroad. Previous avalanche investigations in the study area include the mountains north of the Turnagain Arm (Chugach Mountains) (Davidson and Hackett 1980). This study used elevation data, historical records, aerial photographs, climate information, and regional snowpack characteristics to produce a map of high (1 to 5 years), medium (5 to 100 years), and low (unlikely) occurrence areas of avalanches. Another study compiled by Fesler and Fredston for CEA (1991) provides a comprehensive analysis of avalanche paths along the existing University-Quartz Creek 115kV claugach\exnv-rpt.ch3 3-15 womarnNInAUN FF WN Ww NO NNN DN DNDN BH FR BR RP RP Re eS transmission line and associated distribution lines. Figure 3-10 provides an illustration of the known avalanche areas identified in the Fesler and Fredston report. Seismic Activity and Faults Southern Alaska is one of the more seismically active regions in the world and has been the site of numerous historic earthquakes. An active subduction cone extending from the Aleutian Islands to the eastern Gulf of Alaska is the cause of large, deep focus earthquakes in the region. Asa result of converging geologic forces, the study area has several near surface fold structures and faults The most notable are the Border Ranges and Eagle River faults. The Border Ranges Fault is oriented in a southwest to northeast direction along the western front of the Chugach Mountains. The Eagle River Fault is a thrust fault located within the Chugach Mountains. Both of these faults are active, and have caused recent earthquakes along the Turnagain Arm. Several minor faults are also present in the study area. It should be noted that due to glaciation, sedimentation, vegetation, and limited records for the area, unknown active faults may be present. Most of the study area can be considered susceptible to a large seismic event during the lifetime of the project. However, the precise location of such an event cannot be predicted, therefore the distribution of seismic activity within the study area does not provide meaningful information for alternate corridor route selection. Earthquake-induced Hazards Earthquakes are often accompanied by related hazards, such as soil liquefaction, seismic sea waves (tsunamis and seiches), uplift, and landslides. Liquefaction occurs when relatively fine- grained, cohesionless, saturated sediments such as fine sand and silt are vibrated. The vibration increases the shear stress and causes a buildup of the water pressure in the pore spaces, which decreases the shear strength of the sediment. The resulting sediment turns to liquid and loses the ability to support structures. Soils subject to liquefaction are generally similar to the type of soils that would be expected to cause significant frost heave. Most lowland parts of the study area have some susceptibility to liquefaction. In addition, the shallow sediment in Turnagain Arm is expected to be very susceptible to liquefaction in the event of an earthquake. chugach\env-rpt.ch3 3-16 OMANI NHN SF WN NY NNN NN BR RR Re Re Re Re ee Uplift or subsidence during large earthquakes could greatly affect the proposed transmission line. Crustal deformation during the 1964 earthquake caused widespread uplift and subsidence, with notable changes in land level over an area between 70,000 and 110,000 square miles. The general amount of subsidence in the study area was two to four feet, with a maximum subsidence of nearly six feet at the eastern end of Turnagain Arm. Uplift west of the study area averaged six feet, with a maximum of 38 feet approximately 50 miles southwest of the study area. Large earthquakes can also cause significant damage due to landslides. The most significant damage in the Anchorage area during the 1964 earthquake was caused by lateral movement landslides in the Turnagain Heights and downtown areas of the city. these slides occurred when the Bootlegger Clay (which underlies much of the affected area) suffered a drastic loss of strength due to seismic vibration, causing a large area of land to slide eastward toward the sea and break up into blocks. Other landslide hazards which can be triggered by earthquakes include rockslides and avalanches. Sea waves (tsunamis) are generated by submarine uplift or landslides during large earthquakes, and can cause great damage to coastal areas. In addition, seiches may occur in enclosed bodies of water, such as the lakes on Kenai Peninsula. However, according to Dr. tom Sokolowski, Director of the Alaska Tsunami Warning Center, based on numerous computer models, tsunamis of significant size are not expected for the upper Cook Inlet due to the overall shallowness and configuration of the inlet. Dr. Sokolowski also indicated that the Corps of Engineers (COE) has estimated a 100-year tsunami run-up of 7.5 feet for the upper Cook Inlet, but disputes this figure and points out that the maximum tidal range in the Anchorage area (34 feet) is much greater than the COE tsunami estimate. Volcanic Eruptions Volcanic eruptions have the potential to occur near the study area. A previous eruption from Mount Spur in 1989 blanketed the study area with several inches of volcanic ash. Geologic evidence shows that this has happened with some regularity in the past. Such an ash fall may not affect the Intertie directly, but could increase the danger of landslides and flooding. chugach\env-rpt.ch3 3- 17 OMAN ANAN FSF WN HS NY NNN NN DN BY KR BR Rr RRP Rr Re Hydrology Riv m The study area encompasses several lakes, rivers and streams. Kenai Lake, the largest lake within the study area is currently crossed by the existing Quartz Creek transmission line. Other large lakes include Mackey’s Lakes north of Soldotna and Stormy Lake located east of the Captain Cook SRA. Major rivers include the Kenai, Swanson, Moose and Chickaloon river systems and associated lake systems. In addition, there are numerous small streams and tributaries located throughout the Chugach and Kenai Mountains and Kenai Lowlands. Large lakes constitute a constraint to transmission line siting. However, the alternative corridors identified for this project generally avoid major lakes due to the fact that the alternative primarily follow existing utilities and pipelines. Inflow from freshwater rivers into the inlet also contribute to approximately 10 percent of the tidal currents during the summer and less during the winter. Major rivers found in the upper Cook Inlet include Beluga, Susitna, Knik, Chakachatna, Matanuska, Eagle, and Little Susitna rivers. No major rivers flow into Turnagain Arm, but glaciers terminate within 3 miles of tidewater at Portage (Bartsch-Winkler and Ovenshine 1984). MARINE ENVIRONMENT ntro: jon This section describes the regional marine environment inventory conducted to assess the potential sensitivity of marine communities to the construction, operation and maintenance of the proposed transmission line. In addition, inventory information was collected to describe the tidal and ice flow characteristics within the Turnagain. Cook Inlet and Turnagain Arm Cook Inlet is a large tidal estuary measuring approximately 170 miles long and varies from 10 to 55 miles wide. The estuary is divided into three subareas, the head region, upper inlet , and lower inlet. The head region includes the Knik and Turnagain arms which are relatively shallow and approximately 45 and 43 miles long respectfully. hugach\env-rpt.ch3 3-18 OMANI KHUN FSF WN Ke NNN NNN DND YS KK KR PRP RP Re The Turnagain Arm estuary extends from Fire Island to Portage, a distance of approximately 51 miles. The arm experiences very high tides, with a maximum semidurnal tidal range of 35 feet. At low tide approximately 70 percent of the sea floor within the arm is exposed as elongate bars composed of fine sand and silt, dissected by braided tidal channels (Bartsch- Winkler 1985). Turnagain Arm was filled with glacial ice approximately 14,000 years ago. Since the retreat of the glaciers, the arm has been steadily filling with silt and fine sand (AGS 1984). While the sedimentation rate has been as high as 4.5 cm per year in the past, the current sedimentation rate is estimated to be about 0.25 cm per year. Changes in the sedimentation rate over time have been caused by glacial fluctuations, tectonic events, and sea-level changes. Studies of the sediment with the arm show that much of it originates from the Cook Inlet and Knik Arm. This is because the flood tides are generally much stronger than the ebb tides in the Arm. The total thickness of the sediment in the arm is unknown. Borings drilled in the area near Portage did not encounter bedrock at a depth of 900 feet. Tides Tides occurring within Cook Inlet are mixed with two unequal high and low tides per tidal day (24 hours, 50 minutes) (Gatto 1976). Tidal change occurs approximately 4.5 hours later at the head of the inlet than at the mouth. Mean diurnal tide range varies from approximately 14 feet at the mouth to approximately 33 feet at Anchorage. Tide range varies within the lower portion of the inlet from approximately 19 feet on the east side to approximately 17 feet on the west (Rosenberg et al. 1967; Science Applications, Inc., 1979; U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Survey, 1992, in OCS EIS/EA MMS 94-0066 1995). Currents Current velocities in Cook Inlet vary according to the height and range of high and low tides, and vary according to location (Gatto 1976). Currents in the Cook Inlet typically average 4 knots with occasional extremes of 6 to 8 knots near the forelands (Horrer 1967 as cited in Gatto 1976). Oceanic water flows northward into Cook Inlet through the Kennedy and Stevenson’s Entrances generally along the east coast of the inlet. The high coriolis force at this latitude, the cugach env-pt.ch3 3-19 OMANI NAN FP WN HK NN NN ND BB RF BR BR RP ee strong tidal currents and the inlet geometry produce considerable cross currents and turbulence within the water column during both ebb and flood tides (Burrell and Hood 1967 as cited in Gatto 1976). Maximum tidal current velocities occur in Turnagain Arm usually during flood tides (Alaska Department of Highways 1969). Peak velocities of 2.5 m/sec. were recorded during the onset of the tidal flooding, and peak velocities during ebbtides occurred at approximately mid-cycle. Tidal currents flow directly up and down Turnagain Arm, with very little lateral movement of water except during early flood and late ebb stages (Gatto 1976). Sea Ice Sea ice, beach ice, stamukhi ice, and river ice all occur within the study area and in the Cook Inlet and Turnagain Arm (OCS EIS/EA MMS 94-0066, 1995). Sea ice generally begins to form in the Inlet from October through November and remains until March or April (Brower et al. 1988 in OCS EIS/EA MMS 94-0066, 1995). Ice formation occurs by several different methods all occurring in conjunction with each other (Nelson 1994). Ice found in the inlet is usually glandular ice and to a lesser extent columnar ice (Nelson, 1994). Silt content in the ice ranges from zero to concentrations that cause the ice to sink creating the possibility for ice scouring. A large portion of ice in Cook Inlet is formed by the freezing of river water as it flows over the tidal flats and a smaller portion is caused by sea water left on the flats during low tide (Gatto 1976). Much of the ice on the flats is picked up during flood tide and incorporated into large sea ice floes which are commonly greater than 1,000 feet across with individual blocks generally less than 3 feet thick (Gatto 1976). Pressure ridges up to 20 feet in depth occasionally form on the floe peripheries due to frequent collisions with other floes (Gatto 1976). The sea ice floes become scattered and move primarily up and down the upper inlet with the tidal currents. Ice remaining on the tidal flats that is repeatedly refrozen forms sheets or stacks of ice (stanuki) some as thick as 40 feet (Gatto 1976). Other methods of ice formation is the freezing of low salinity water floating on the surface of the inlet during periods of calm weather. Ice sheets varying in thickness from one to four feet can be formed by this process during the winter season. Under conditions of moderate to heavy snow load, the snow can depress the ice sheet and cause flooding of the ice surface (Nelson 1994). cluugach\eavrpt.ch3 3-20 OmMoANIAKNAUN FSF WN HK N NNN NN HK RP KR rr RP Pe RESBFSRBRBNRERRSRESSRIADEBHES Waves Tidal bores are a frequent occurrence in head region of Cook Inlet and specifically in the Turnagain Arm. A tidal bore is a solitary, tidally generated wave that typically moves up a slowly flowing estuary with the incoming tide (Bartsch-Winkler and Lynch, 1988). In Turnagain Arm, a tidal bore forms with each incoming tide, ranges from 2 foot up to 6 feet in height, travels at speeds between 10 and 15 miles per hour, and occurs through out the year (Molchan- Douthit 1996). The tidal bore forms within one hour after each predicted low tide in Anchorage and takes 5 4 hours to travel from the mouth of Turnagain Arm to the end of the arm (Molchan-Douthit 1996). Although tidal bore may not directly affect submarine cables, it should be noted that construction activity within this area may be difficult. LAND USE RESOURCES Introduction This section describes the regional land use inventory and analysis conducted to assess the potential sensitivity of identified land uses to the construction, operation, and maintenance of the proposed transmission line. Land use data used for this study were organized into the four general categories listed below: Land jurisdiction and ownership Land use Transportation Utilities. The purpose of the inventory was to identify and map all regionally significant land uses contained within the Southern Intertie Project study area. This was accomplished by reviewing regional planning and utility corridor studies that provided coverage of the study area. In addition, aerial photographs, existing maps, and federal, state and local planning agencies’ management plans were reviewed. The data were combined to create a regional database used for conducting the land use resource analysis and identifying and evaluating potential alternative transmission line corridors. ctaugachleav-rpt.ch3 3-21 OMANI HN F&F wWN NY NNN NWN DNDN BF BK RP RP RRP ee BR<BSBESBBNKRRRORRPSSGCAHUAARSERELS Land jurisdiction and land use maps were prepared at a scale of 1:250,000 miles. Sources for the mapped data were compiled from a variety of agencies, existing maps and documents and revised to reflect the most current information available. Regionally significant parks and Tecreation uses are addressed in the Recreation Management Areas and Facilities section. Inven I Land Jurisdiction and Ownership The Southern Intertie study area encompasses approximately 3,100 square miles of land in south central Alaska. The study area covers portions of the Municipality of Anchorage and the Kenai Peninsula Borough. The major land jurisdictions listed below represent the administrative control of lands within the study area. Jurisdictional boundaries mapped are perimeter boundaries only and usually omit inholdings, lease agreements, or joint ownership (Figure 3-11). Refer to Figure 3-12 for jurisdiction within Anchorage. National Forest - The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service administers the Chugach National Forest according to the Forest’s Land and Resource Management Plan. Portions of both the Glacier Ranger District and the Seward Ranger District are within the study area and comprise a large portion of the northern Kenai Peninsula. National Wildlife Refuge - The U.S. Department of the Interior, USFWS administers the KNWR. Originally established in 1941 to protect moose populations, the Refuge now encompasses recreational, educational, water quality, wilderness and scientific values. Three designated wilderness areas are within the study area, along with the designated Skilak Wildlife Recreation Area and additional SMAs. The Alaska state park system is managed by the Division of Parks and Outdoor Recreation, Department of Natural Resources. The largest of the state parks within the study area is Chugach State Park. The Park’s western boundary is defined by the Municipality of Anchorage, with the southern and eastern boundaries defined by the Turnagain Arm and the Chugach National Forest respectively. The park is intended to protect and supply a satisfactory water supply; to provide recreational opportunities; to protect areas of unique and exceptional scenic value; to provide areas for the public display of local wildlife; and to protect the existing wilderness characteristics of the easterly interior area. clnigach\env-rpt.ch3 3-22 OMAN NHNHN F&F WN HF NN NNN HR RPP Re Re Re ee RBSSB8FSRVRNVRFRRESKRARSVSARUARDREBRES The Kenai River SMA is a unit of the State park system. Established in 1984, this area recognizes the importance of the Kenai River and its fish and wildlife resources. The management area is one of the highest use areas within the State Park system. Typical activities include fishing, hiking and sightseeing. The Captain Cook SRA, also a unit of the state park system, is on the western edge of the Kenai Peninsula and provides a variety of recreational opportunities including access into the KNWR, Swanson River Canoe Trail access and haul out and dispersed recreational opportunities. State Game Refuge - The Potter Point State Game Refuge is managed by the Alaska Department of Game and Fish. It is on the north side of the Turnagain Arm and was established to protect natural habitats and game populations. The refuge is also used for recreational activities by residents of the Anchorage Bowl and visitors. State Land - The Alaska Department of Natural Resources manages lands under administrative control of the state. These parcels of land are scattered throughout the study area with concentrations occurring in the Girdwood and Kenai areas. State lands are managed for multiple use with primary emphasis on recreation, tourism and wildlife habitat. Native Corporations, Municipalities and other private land - Native Corporation lands are scattered throughout the study area with concentrations of land occurring along the western edge of the Peninsula, Fire Island, and within the KNWR. Small communities, private lands, and unincorporated areas are typically under the jurisdiction of the municipality or borough in which they are located. Incorporated cities, towns or villages are political subdivisions of the state and have jurisdictional control over land use within their boundaries. The Municipality of Anchorage includes the City of Anchorage, and the communities of Rainbow, Indian, Bird, Girdwood, and Portage. Anchorage is the largest of these communities. The Kenai Peninsula Borough also has cities and towns within the study area. They include Hope, Sunrise, Cooper Landing, Soldotna, Kenai, Nikiski, and Salamatof. Land Use This portion of the inventory includes seven classifications of land uses developed to categorize various land uses in the study area. Particular interest is paid to regionally significant land uses ctuugach\env-rpt.ch3 3-23 omarNQ nn k WN NN NNN ND FB FR BR RP RP RP ee that could potentially conflict with transmission line development and operation. Land uses within the Municipality of Anchorage are detailed separately. Refer to Figure 3-13 for regional land use information and Figure 3-14 for a detailed illustration of the Anchorage Bowl. Residential - Residential development includes multi-family and single family dwellings, and mobile homes. Most residential development occurs in the towns and cities outlined in the jurisdiction section. Commercial - Commercial land uses are generally located throughout the City of Anchorage. These include retail establishments, offices and warehouses. Elsewhere in the study area commercial land uses are generally found along the Seward and Sterling Highways. Industrial/extraction - Industrial land uses are primarily manufacturing facilities, landfills, material processing plants and oil fields. The extractive category consist of any major active surface mining operations such as sand and gravel operations or gold mining. In Anchorage, industrial land uses are primary located along the Alaska Railroad in central and southern Anchorage, at the International Airport and Merrill Field, and in the Port- Ship Creek area. In the other parts of the study area industrial uses such as processing plants and oil refineries are located in the region of Kenai and Nikiski. Gold placer mining activity occurs in the Hope region. Most of the mines are no longer active, except for recreational gold panning. Active claims in the study area include Bear Creek near Hope, Bowman Mine along Resurrection Creek, and near Russian Mountain. For the purpose of this inventory, oil field land uses are considered to be areas with reserves of recoverable petroleum or natural gas. Concentrations of wells, storage tanks, and pumping stations are typical structures associated with these fields. Oil field development occurs on private lands west of the KNWR, and within the western edge of the KNWR in four areas: the Swanson River Oil Field, the Beaver Creek Oil and Gas Field, the Birch Hill unit and the West Fork Gas Field. Access roads, pipelines and transmission lines have been built to support the oil fields. Over a thousand miles of seismic lines, cleared for oil and gas exploration, traverse refuge lands north of the Kenai River. Public/Quasi-public - General aviation airports and airstrips fall within this category. In Anchorage, the major airports include, the Anchorage International Airport, Merrill Field and clnngachiowy-ept.ch3 3-24 womamarNnan ik WN NN NNN DN FF FB Re RR ee Campbell Field. In the rest of the study area major airports include the Kenai Airport and Soldotna Airport. Private airstrips occur throughout the entire study area, including lakes and rivers that are utilized by float planes. The FAA recognizes registered public, military, and private airports and airstrips. The FAA will make specific determination of interference of airspace following their receipt of the Notice of Intent should the selected route pass near a recognized air facility. Communication facilities - Items inventoried for this classification included radio navigation aids, microwave radio towers, and VORTAC navigation aids associated with aircraft airways. VORTAC facilities are subject to specific FAA standards regarding operations and obstruction. Fire Island contains many of the these facilities for the Anchorage International Airport. Utility facilities - Utility land uses are addressed in the Utility section. Planned land uses - The planned land use category identifies all general and specific planned land uses not otherwise identified in the preceding components. Several sources of future land use information were used: projected uses in officially adopted general plans and comprehensive plans of each jurisdiction and development plans for specific projects. In the Anchorage Bowl, most of the region is expected to develop into urban and suburban uses according to the Municipality’s comprehensive plan. The rest of the study area will probably develop at small increments due to the overall lack of private land. Several planned recreation and interpretation sites are proposed along the Seward Highway from Portage to Anchorage. Transportation Primary roads - This roadway classification includes limited access interstate highways , U.S. Highways with both multi-lane divided and two lane paved highways with partially controlled access, and major state routes. Primary roads in the study area include Seward Highway, Sterling Highway and Minnesota Drive Extension. Secondary roads - Secondary roads within the study area include two lane paved state routes, as well as other paved local roads. This would include the Hope Highway, Skilak Lake Road, ctaigachlenv-1pt.ch3 3-25 OMANI NDNA F&F WN NN NN DN DN FF RR RR Re ee North Kenai Road, Swanson River Road and the network of major arterial roads throughout the Anchorage Bowl. Historic or Scenic Roads - The Seward Highway Scenic Byway was designated by the Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Safety and by the Chugach National Forest as an outstanding opportunity to view wildlife, scenic vistas ,and access recreational opportunities. The Scenic Byway is discussed in more detail in the Parks, Preservation and Recreation section. Railroads - The Alaska Railroad operates a line that traverses the study area from Portage to Anchorage by paralleling the Seward Highway and the Turnagain Arm. Utilities This land use category identifies electric transmission lines (115kV and higher), major gas and oil pipelines, fiber optic corridors, and their corresponding right-of-way. An existing CEA and HEA 115kV line follows the Sterling and Seward Highways from the Soldotna Substation to the University Substation in Anchorage. It has a right-of-way of 100 feet. Paralleling the 115kV line from the Soldotna Substation to the Quartz Creek Substation is 69kV line, also with a 100-foot right-of-way. Within the Soldotna and Kenai area there is a network of electrical transmission and distribution lines. Two major pipelines are present in the study area. On the western edge of the peninsula lies the Tesoro petroleum pipeline. It carries petroleum products from the Nikiski area to Anchorage by way of a submarine pipeline under the Turnagin Arm from Point Possession to Point Campbell in Anchorage. The Enstar natural gas pipeline traverses the KNWR in a 50-foot right- of-way from Soldotna to the Chickaloon Flats. It too has a submarine crossing of the Turnagain Arm. Within the Municipality of Anchorage there are numerous electrical transmission and distribution lines along with various natural gas, water, sewer, and petroleum product pipelines. Prior to construction of the project these lines and their right of ways would have to be identified and each respective owner consulted and informed of the project. ctnigach\env-rpt.ch3 3-26 Omen nnN fF WN NON NNN DN BH FB BR Re RR ee RECREATION MANAGEMENT AREAS AND FACILITIES Introduction This section describes the regional recreation inventory and analysis conducted to assess the potential sensitivity of identified recreation uses to the construction, operation, and maintenance of the proposed transmission line. Recreation data used for this study were organized into the five general categories listed below: Chugach National Forest KNWR State Parks and Refuges Municipal parks Dispersed recreation. The purpose of the inventory was to identify and map all regionally significant recreation uses contained within the Southern Intertie Project study area. This was accomplished by reviewing regional planning and utility corridor studies that provided coverage of the study area. In addition, aerial photographs, existing maps, and federal, state and local planning agencies’ management plans were reviewed. These data were combined to create a regional database used for conducting the recreation resource sensitivity analysis and evaluating potential alternative transmission line corridors. Recreation Facilities and Management Areas were prepared at a scale of 1"=miles. Refer to Figure 3-15 for an illustration of the recreational facilities (trail, campgrounds, etc.) and Figure 3-16 for an illustration of the recreational management areas within the study area. Inventory Results Chugach National Forest The Chugach National Forest lies within proximity to the state’s largest city. A wide variety of recreational opportunities, combined with access and an outstanding array of wildlife and fish provide for a substantial amount of recreational use. chugach \env-rpt.ch3 3-27 OMANI AHMN PWN NN NNN DNDN BF BH BR RR RP RP Re Recreational activities within the Forest vary from developed to dispersed recreational opportunities. Developed recreation includes campgrounds, interpretive sites, scenic overlooks, cabins, automobile touring and ski areas. Dispersed recreational uses include hiking, mountain biking, cross-country skiing, snowmobiling, dog mushing, boating, fishing, trapping, and hunting. The Forest experiences heavy fishing pressure during salmon runs on the Russian and Kenai Rivers. The Resurrection Trail experiences heavy activity by hikers and backpackers. Commercial recreation activities such as guides and outfitters operate on the Forest under special use permits. The Forest does not contain any designated wildernesses or natural areas within the study area. In June 1990, the Forest designated the Seward Highway as a National Scenic Byway due to the outstanding opportunity to view wildlife, scenic vistas and access recreational opportunities. It is the only designated Scenic Byway in the state of Alaska at the present time. Approximately 60 percent of the Byway falls within the Chugach National Forest, with 20 percent within Chugach State Park. The remaining 20 percent falls within private, municipal and other state lands. (Interpretive Plan) The Recreation Opportunity Spectrum classifies forest land into one of seven categories: rural, tural modified, roaded natural, semi-primitive motorized, semi-primitive nonmotorized, primitive 1, and primitive 2. Each of these categories represents the type of recreational experience allowed in that area. Kenai National Wildlife Refuge The KNWR encompasses a large part of the Southern Intertie study area. It is unique among the refuges in Alaska since it is the only refuge in which opportunities for compatible fish and wildlife oriented recreation is a major purpose. Recreation opportunities include hiking, boating, camping, canoeing, wildlife viewing, snowmobiling, hunting, and fishing. State game management unit 15 A is present in the refuge north of the Kenai River. Two National Recreation Trails are present in the northern lowland part of the Refuge, the Swanson River Canoe Route and the Swan Lake Canoe Route. Three designated wilderness areas on the KNWR are within the study area, along with several SMAs. The Skilak Wildlife Recreation Area was established for the purposes of environmental clnugach exv-rpt.ch3 3-28 OoOmorndnannk WN NN NNN N BF BB RR RR Re Be education, interpretation and wildlife oriented recreation. Other SMA’s within the study area include three management categories below: Intensive Management—The least protective category, encompasses areas of high public and economic use. Natural processes are modified and the influence of human activities is evident. Public facilities, administrative sites, economic development, and transportation systems are allowed in this category. Moderate Management—These are areas easily accessible to the public, and habitat is manipulated to benefit populations of selected species. From a recreational perspective, these areas provide equal opportunity for either group involvement or isolation. Minimal Management—Management under this category is directed at maintaining the pristine conditions of areas that have important fish and wildlife and wilderness values. Restrictions are placed on motorized access, recreation and economic uses. Lands in this category represent the Service’s recommendations for future wilderness designation. Each of these categories is present as shown in Figure 3-16. State Parks and Refuges The Alaska state park system is managed by the Division of Parks and Outdoor Recreation, Department of Natural Resources. The largest of the state parks within the study area is Chugach State Park. Recreation uses within the park are classified into three zones: recreation development, natural environment, and wilderness. All three zones are present in the study area and are summarized below: chuigach \env-rpt.ch3 Recreation development zone—established to meet intensive recreation activities and development; provides easy access and developed facilities. 3-29 OmMmeN KHUN FSF WN NNN NNN DNDN YB RP RP Rr RP Rr re = “Natural environment zone—established to provide opportunity for low impact forms of recreation and act as a buffer between recreation development zones and wilderness zones; these zones are relatively undeveloped, with high scenic quality, accessible by road or trail. = = ~=©6 Wilderness zone—established to promote, perpetuate and restore the wilderness character of the land. Chugach State Park is also divided into five geographical planning units. Parts of the 26,000 acre Hillside and 97,000 acre Turnagain Arm planning units are within the project study area. The Turnagain Arm unit contains a portion of the Iditarod Trail, a historic dogsled trail. Along the Seward Highway National Scenic Byway, numerous vehicle turnouts allow motorists access to the park and scenic viewing opportunities. Trails and campgrounds dot the Seward Highway as it passes through the Park for 25 miles. The Park is planning for expansion and development of these recreational facilities as shown in Figure 3-16. The Bird Point Scenic Overlook is a facility proposed by ADOT& PF, Chugach State Park and the Municipality of Anchorage at milepost 96.5 along the Seward Highway. The proposed improvement highlights scenic and wildlife viewing along with interpretive displays and visitor information. Facilities would include boardwalks and pedestrian pathways, a pedestrian bridge crossing the Alaska Railroad, and a parking area with developed public structures. The Overlook is scheduled for completion in October 1997. A utility corridor currently exists within the park. A 115kV transmission line operated by CEA and HEA, and a petroleum products pipeline operated by the U.S. Defense Fuel Supply Center pass through the park from the Indian Creek area through Powerline Pass. The Potter Section House State Historic Site is a structure of historical value, and is the headquarters for Chugach State Park. The Kenai River SMA is a unit of the State park system. Established in 1984, this area recognizes the importance of the Kenai River and its fish and wildlife resources. Tributaries and lakes within the Kenai River drainage basin fall within this classification. clugach\eav-rp.ch3 3-30 OmANI KHUN WN NNN NNN N BH RR Rr Rr Rr RP Re The Captain Cook SRA, also a unit of the state park system, is on the western edge of the Kenai Peninsula and provides a variety of recreational opportunities. Hiking, boating, scenic viewing and the pullout point for the Swanson River Canoe Route all occur within the recreation area. The Potter Point State Game Refuge is managed by the Alaska Department of Game and Fish. It is on the north side of the Turmagain Arm and was established to protect natural habitats and game populations, especially waterfowl. The Division of Parks and Outdoor Recreation administers the Mount Alyeska Ski Resort located east of Girdwood. This commercial recreation area provides 2,500 acres of alpine skiing opportunity. The facility is also a four-season mountain resort managed for recreation, protecting wildlife habitat, and maintaining scenic qualities. Municipal Parks The Municipality of Anchorage has a developed parks and recreation program for passive and active recreational activities. Several types of parks exist in the metropolitan area: playlots, vest pocket parks, neighborhood parks, community parks, large urban parks and regional parks. The Municipality also has a system of greenbelts and conservation areas that act as buffers between land uses and link recreation resources (refer to Figure 3-14). A trail system provides opportunities for walking, hiking, jogging, biking, cross country skiing, snowmobiling and equestrian use. The Rabbit Creek Rifle Range is operated by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Facilities there include a pistol range and trap/skeet range. Dispersed Recreation Throughout the study area despite jurisdictional boundaries, dispersed recreational activities occur. They range from passive activities such as wildlife viewing and photography to active recreation such as fishing, hunting, trapping, hiking, mountain biking, boating, dog mushing, cross country skiing, etc. Commercial recreation plays a large part in this arena as well, with guides, outfitters, float planes and taxiing services catering to tourists and residents alike. The strong opportunities for participating in these activities have led to a very active, recreational oriented public. The spectacular scenery of the region, combined with easy access and proximity chuigach\env-rpt.ch3 3-31 OMANI DNF WN Se OR OMANI ADM FSF WNH CO to Alaska’s major population center makes the project area one of the most visited in the state. SOCIOECONOMICS Pertinent Characteristics and Background D: The Southern Intertie study area falls within the jurisdiction of two major municipal governments: the Kenai Peninsula Borough and the Municipality of Anchorage. Within each of these jurisdictions there are smaller communities, some of which are formally incorporated as municipalities under Alaska Statute 29 and some which are not. Table 3-1 shows the communities in the study area by corridor alternative. In addition to these communities, there are other areas of small residential and commercial settlement, such as Summit and Portage along the Seward Highway. Areas of road accessible tural residential settlement also occur north of Nikiski, south of Captain Cook State Park, and along the Sterling Highway east and west of Sterling. North of Captain Cook State Park are remote rural residential areas that are not road accessible. The nature of these communities and settlement areas varies significantly, depending on the access, density and nature of development, and the characteristics of the surroundings. hugachien-rp.ch3 3-32 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 QCL - Quartz Creek Line TPL - Tesoro Pipeline ENP - Enstar Pipeline Six Mile - Six Mile Creek * aerial or submarine crossing chugach\env-rpt.ch3 TABLE 3-1 COMMUNITIES IN THE VICINITY OF ALTERNATIVE CORRIDORS a [cotta = een «| dt Ce er a municipality [eats sd | faescm met | as NUTT sess = UNA [sow amcor fe KY 3-33 OMANI HN F&F WN Ke Se RS Unk WNeH OO ee NO Yb NY N NY NY RRBBNRS S&S eB iS) a WWWWNNN WNrOWOO~)] Dem hic Ch: isti Tables 3-2 and 3-3 present the population for selected communities in the study area. Only a portion of both the Municipality of Anchorage and Kenai Peninsula Borough lie within the study area. Because of the different sources of population data and areas of population census (note the discrepancies in figures for Sterling and Nikiski), it is difficult to directly compare population estimates and determine exact trends. However, the 1993 figures provide a general estimate for population densities in specific areas. A general analysis of population trends by the Alaska Department of Labor determined that the percent increase in the Kenai Peninsula Borough population between 1980 and 1990 was 62% compared to 36.9% for the rest of Alaska. Both the Anchorage and Kenai Peninsula Borough areas were slightly above the statewide average population increase during the period of 1990- 1995, at 15.9% and 14.6% respectively. KENAI BOROUGH POPULATION a Real Peieie Dome ae nom [wan UCU se ies SS FE GD TT a SU TU se 0 ee NLL ee La Fengniao SEEPS eevee (ESE Fn A 1- Alaska Department of Labor 1995 2- Kenai Peninsula Borough Economic Development District 1991 3- Alaska Dept. of Labor 1995, 4- Municipality of Anchorage 1996 * based on definition of precinct chugach \exw-rpt.ch3 3-34 oO worn HD n F&F W Ne 10 Municipality/Community Municipality of Anchorage Girdwood Bird Creek ian South Anchorage Rabbit Creek/Bear Valley Bayshore/Klatt Taku/Campbell 1- Alaska Department of Labor 1995 TABLE 3-3 ANCHORAGE POPULATION 1980* 174,431 557 299 226,338 2- Kenai Peninsula Borough Economic Development District 1991 3- Alaska Dept. of Labor 1995, 4- Municipality of Anchorage 1996 * based on definition of precinct chugach\env-rpt.ch3 3-35 248,296 1,321 221 OMANI HN FS WN HE NN NNNN DN YF PRP PP PRP RP ee mic B nd Empl mn The economic base of the study area varies by community and subregion. On the Kenai Peninsula in the southern portion of the study area, the commercial fishing and oil industries provide significant employment and income, particularly in the Kenai-Nikiski area. Soldotna is the center of government employment; strong service sectors are present in both the Kenai and Soldotna areas. Recreation and tourism activities influence the economy throughout the study area, although they are particularly important to the economies of communities along the Seward Highway and the Kenai River. With the exception of the petrochemical industry in the Nikiski area (LNG, urea, and petroleum refining), manufacturing and heavy industry do not play a significant economic role in the study area. Timber harvesting has not been historically significant in the study area, although timber salvage sales proposed by the U.S. Forest Service may reinstitute timber harvesting in areas along the Seward Highway and potential Southern Intertie routes. in 1994, employment in the Kenai area was led by manufacturing (fishing and petroleum products) with approximately 30% of employment, followed by government with 23%, and services and trade with 14% each. Anchorage is the primary trade and service center for the State of Alaska, and most of the non- resident tourists that visit Alaska enter the state through Anchorage. The northern portions of the study area that lie within Anchorage municipal limits are primarily residential in nature, although some commercial, light industrial, and transportation related businesses are located near The Alaska Railroad, between the Old and New Seward Highways, and along International Airport Road. In 1994, employment in Anchorage was primarily dominated by trade (26%), services (24%), and government (24%). Lifestyle lity of Lif i A rural lifestyle and the generally undeveloped nature of Alaska is valued by many of its residents and visitors alike. Whether it is an acre and a half residence in Anchorage, a homestead on the outskirts of Soldotna, a remote cabin north of Captain Cook State Park, or a stretch of the Seward Highway, much of the study area exhibits these characteristics and values. In comparing alternative intertie routes, lifestyle and quality of life considerations are difficult to quantify; they are often are a combination of visual characteristics, type and intensity of land use, and perceived values such as wilderness. Perceived effects on property values and health related concerns are also factors. In some cases, affected areas may already be the location of clnigach\env-rpt.ch3 3-36 womerAI nN fF WN NWN NNN DN BS KR BR RP Rr Pe some form of disturbance such as an existing power line, cleared right-of-way, or road cut. However, a change in the nature or amount of disturbance through construction of additional power lines may create as much concern as the introduction of a power line to a previously undisturbed area, particularly if the change is visible to large numbers of people. Therefore, potential lifestyle and quality of life considerations are relatively site and context specific. A second, although temporary, quality of life consideration potentially associated with construction of the Southern Intertie is disruption of traffic. In Alaska, peak traffic volumes, road improvement projects, and subsequent traffic delays tend to coincide during the summer season. Should construction of various segments of the Southern Intertie take place within or adjacent to road rights-of-way, traffic flow on selected roads could be affected in the form of slower speeds, delays, or temporary detours. VISUAL RESOURCES Intr: i The Southern Intertie study area encompasses a region in southcentral Alaska of nationally significant scenic resources primarily under state and federal management. Visual resources were identified as the primary issue for the Project by the land management agencies contacted, including the U.S. Forest Service, USFWS, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Parks and Outdoor Recreation, and the Municipality of Anchorage. The management and maintenance of visual resources, including the natural scenic quality of the landscape and panoramic views in the region are one of the primary objectives of these agencies. The visual resource inventory includes the following: Overview of the landscape character of the region Visual management areas within the study area Visual influence of recreation areas within alternative corridors Visually sensitive residential and urban areas within alternative corridors hugach\eav-rpt.ch3 3-37 OmAmAANI AUN F&F WN HE NO NNN NN BK RRR RP RP RP Re The Southern Intertie Project study area is made up of a variety of distinct regions, each defined by a different set of landscape characteristics and unique landscape settings, including the Anchorage Bowl, Chugach State Park (Chugach Mountain), Chugach National Forest (Turnagain Arm, Central Kenai Mountains, and Maritime Kenai), and the Kenai Peninsula. The following is a brief description of the visual characteristics of each region. Anchorage Bowl The Anchorage Bowl is a relatively flat peninsula bound by the Knik Arm to the north, the Cook Inlet to the west, the Turnagain Arm to the south, and the Chugach Mountains to the east. The Anchorage bowl area is the largest developed area within the State of Alaska. The area is dominated largely by the Municipality of Anchorage. Anchorage is a community comprised of heavily developed areas interspersed with natural occurring landforms such as lakes and parks. Adjacent scenery includes the views towards marine environments and surrounding mountains within Chugach State Park. Chugach State Park Chugach State Park is an area comprised of diverse landforms and rugged topography bound by Knik River to the north, Anchorage to the west, the Turnagain Arm to the south, and Chugach National Forest to the east. The Seward Highway, a National Scenic Byway, and The Alaska Railroad are located along the shoreline of Turnagain Arm in the park, with numerous vista points. The Potter Section House is a historic landmark in the park. Chugach Mountains Elevations of the Chugach Mountains range from sea level adjacent to the Turnagain Arm to over 5000’ at some of the peaks. The mountain sides consist of steep jagged slopes and peaks which dominate the landscape setting. Glaciers are located on the eastern side of the park and provide unique character to the landscape in terms contrasting color. clnugach\eav-rpt.ch3 3-38 OMAN KHAN FP WN NY NNN ND BF RB Re Re Re ee Chugach National Forest The Chugach National Forest is the second largest national forest in the nation. The northwest corner of the forest is within the study area which includes a diverse range of largely undeveloped, natural landscapes. There are three landscape character types within the study area, including the Turnagain Arm, Central Kenai Mountains, and Maritime Kenai. magain Arm The Turnagain Arm appears vast and wild. It is characterized by steep jagged mountain slopes rising from sea level to 6500 feet capped with glaciers in the northern and eastern areas. Dense stands of spruce and hemlock forests cover the mountain slopes at lower elevations along the Turnagain Arm and in tributary valleys. Hardwoods such as birch and cottonwood grow along the shores of the Turnagain Arm. Natural occurring events such as avalanches, windstorms, and tides represent continuous agents of change throughout the landscape setting. The avalanches and windstorms can dramatically change the appearance of the mountain landscape on a localized basis in a very short period of time. The Turnagain Arm undergoes tidal fluctuations that turn the inlet into a large mudflat and creates unique bore tides. These naturally occurring events highlight the dynamics of this unique landscape. The confluence of three tributary valleys, Twentymile, Portage, and Placer valleys is located at the head of the Turnagain Arm. These u-shaped valleys were carved by glacial activity, leaving behind glacial sediments forming relatively flat valley bottoms. These valley bottoms consist of grassy wetlands interspersed with alder, willows, and cottonwoods. The variety and vastness of this landscape provides habitat for several species of fish and wildlife, ranging from moose and migrating waterfowl to beluga whales and salmon. These species add to the character and diversity of this landscape. Human activity is evident throughout this landscape, but is largely concentrated in easily accessible areas. cluigach\env-rpt.ch 3-39 OmorANI NAN WN wn NO NN NN WN DN FH FB KB RR Re Re ee Central Kenai Mountains The Central Kenai Mountains landscape character type is located between the Turnagain Arm and the Gulf of Alaska. This landscape is characterized by mountains ranging in elevation from 400’ to over 5000’ dissected by numerous glacially carved valleys. Treeline is at about the 1500’ level with alpine meadows covering glacially rounded mountain tops. The valley bottoms consist of birch, spruce and hemlock forests. Meadows, avalanche chutes, and water bodies add visual interest to this landscape character type by adding a variety of colors, textures, and patterns. The valleys within this landscape provide easy access, and therefore attract recreational users. There are several recreation opportunities in the area, including trails (Iditarod Trail), camping, and fishing. In addition to this, several small communities and scattered residences are found set within the natural setting along the Seward Highway. Maritime Kenai Although the Maritime Kenai landscape character type is small, it is visibly different than adjacent landscape character types. This area is often cloudy and rainy as a result of the influence of the weather patterns created by the Gulf of Alaska. Heavy snow conditions exist in a mild climate at higher elevations much of the time. Low clouds and fog roll by the mountains creating a dramatic landscape setting. The sunny days create a landscape dominated by the definition of colors, textures, and patterns. The landscape setting is characterized by steep forested slopes, jagged escarpments and peaks, and glaciers. The dark green conifer forest and bright green alders found in the avalanche chutes contrast with the gray rocky peaks, snowfields, and glaciers. The broad glacial floodplain of the Resurrection and Snow Rivers offer distinct contrast to the mountain slopes covered with a stand of coniferous forest interspersed with ribbons of hardwoods. The difference in textures complimented by a variety of color displayed throughout the year provide visual interest throughout the landscape. This area is rugged and difficult to access, and therefore is more natural in character. The only existing access is the Seward Highway following the Iditarod Trail and the Resurrection Trail hugach\env-rpt.ch3 3-40 OmerNIAHAUMN FPF WN NN NNN NB BK FR RB RP RP Re which provides the only road access of the highway. Several recreation trails provide limited access to the alpine country. Kenai Peninsula The Kenai Peninsula is a large relatively flat landscape bound by the Cook Inlet to the west, Chikaloon Bay to the north, and the Chugach National Forest to the east. Within the project study area, the Kenai Peninsula is a heavily vegetated landscape consisting of coastal marshes, forested wetlands, shrub bogs, muskegs, upland spruce hardwoods forests, and bottomland spruce poplar forests. includes a diverse range of largely undeveloped, natural landscapes. This unique combination of vegetation and water provide dynamic viewing conditions throughout the Kenai Peninsula. The range of colors and textures characteristic of the vegetation is complimented by the unique form and line defined by pond, lake, stream, river, and marsh boundaries. The northern interior of the Kenai Peninsula consists largely of the KNWR and the Kenai Wilderness. These areas consist of a complex system of wetlands including hundreds of small to medium sized lakes and marshes. This area also has a network of streams and rivers, including the Kenai River, Swanson River, Moose River, and Chickaloon River. This Kenai Peninsula is relatively accessible through a combination of highways, roadways, hiking trails, snowmobile and alternative transportation vehicles (ATV) trails, cross country ski trails, and canoe routes. This accessibility has facilitated the development of recreation areas, including campgrounds, parking areas, fishing areas, boat ramps, and day use picnic areas. Visual R agement This section describes the visual resource management programs associated with the study area. Chugach National Forest The objective of the Forest Service Visual Management System is provide a high quality recreation opportunity by preserving the inherent aesthetic quality of the landscape. Inventoried visual quality objectives (VQOs) are adopted for use on all Forest Service land. The VQOs chugach\env-rpt.ch3 3-41 OMANI KHUN AF WN KH NON NNN N FY FR RR RP RR re PBYRBLBERBRNRRRBRBRSSeSTDAGDREBHES incorporate the diversity of the landscape scenic quality, the visual sensitivity of the land, and the ability of landscapes to absorb alteration (visual absorption capability). Visual management objectives have been developed for federal lands and are included in agency management plans for lands under their jurisdiction. USFS visual management objectives are derived through a matrix combing landscape aesthetics, visual sensitivity, and distance zones. These objectives define the agencies’ acceptable degree of visual change within specific landscape areas. Agency classification were inventoried for all lands that occur within agency boundaries. The USFS visual management system recognizes five VQO. VQO guidelines are as follows: chuigach\env-rpt.ch3 Preservation—Management activities, except for very low visual impact recreation facilities, are prohibited. This VQO allows for only "ecological" changes. This management objective applies to wilderness areas, primitive areas, other special classified areas, and some unique management units which do not justify special classification. Retention—Management activities must not be visually evident to the casual forest visitor. Modifications must repeat form , line color, and texture found in the surrounding natural landscape. Partial Retention—Modifications may be visually evident, but must be integrated into and visually subordinate to the surrounding landscape. Activities may introduce form, line, color, and texture not common in the surrounding landscape, but they should not attract attention. Modification—Management activities may visually dominate the surrounding natural landscape; however, they must repeat the naturally established elements of form, line, color, and texture to appear compatible with the natural surroundings. Maximum Modification—Modifications may visually dominate the surrounding natural landscape, yet when viewed from background distance, activities must appear as natural occurrences within the landscape. Alterations in foreground and 3-42 OMANI HUN FSF WN HK Ww NY NN NN WN DN FH BH Re Re Re Re ee middleground views may be out of scale with or introduce visual elements not found in the natural landscape. The VQO within the portion of the Chugach National Forest that is within the study area are shown on Figure 3-17. The existing Quartz Creek transmission line is located within retention areas through the forest. Chugach State Park Chugach State Park consists of approximately 495,000 acres providing a scenic backdrop and a recreational area intensively used by area residents and tourists. One of the five primary purposes outlined in the law creating the park in 1970 was to protect areas of unique and exceptional scenic value. In addition to this, the law designates the eastern areas of the park shall be operated as a wilderness area, the central area as a scenic area, and the periphery areas as recreational areas. The visual resource management direction is to preserve scenic quality within the park, as shown on Figure 3-17. Seward Highway Scenic Corridor The Seward Highway is a national scenic byway along Tumagain Arm with a unique combination of water and vegetation creating some of the most scenic landscapes in Alaska. The Seward Highway Scenic Corridor Plan management objective is to conserve and enhance or mitigate negative impacts upon the scenic resources. Kenai Peninsula Borough M: ment Pri m The Alaska Coastal Management Program and federal Coastal Zone Management Program provide management guidelines for the development of coastal zones. Their management policy is to preserve, protect, develop, and when feasible to restore or enhance, the resources of the coastal zones. These guidelines promote the management of the land and water resources within the coastal zone, while maintaining ecological, cultural, historic, and aesthetic values as well as the needs for economic development. ctuugach \env-rpt.ch3 3-43 womoarnanFr WN HY NON NNN ND BF FB KF FRR Re BRBYBBBSRBRNURRRPHRKRKLSSGRVAGCEBHSLS The Kenai Peninsula Borough Coastal Management Program was developed to implement the objectives of the Alaska Coastal Management Program on a local basis for management of resources within this Kenai Peninsula coastal area. Kenai Area Plan A goal within the framework of the Kenai Area Plan is to provide the services and facilities for recreational uses. Management of the recreational uses is geared towards state and region-wide needs. Management strategies for recreational uses include protecting natural habitat land, trails, and scenic quality. All of these elements are important for defining visual resource objectives for the Kenai Peninsula. Turnagain Arm The land within Turnagain Arm is very important to the residents of the State of Alaska and the State’s tourism industry. The Turnagain Arm’s combination of unique scenic quality and easy access make it one of the most frequented places in the state. With respect to visual resources objectives the Turnagain Arm Management Plan has the following goals: = Protect habitat to maintain and enhance viewing opportunities for fish and wildlife species = Maintain the visual character of forested areas m= Preserve, protect, and interpret the historic, prehistoric, and archaeological resources = = Provide opportunities for back country hiking and cross country skiing m= = =©Manage shorelines, tidelands, and submerged lands to protect existing uses, including habitat and harvest, recreation, trails, and other transportation uses. = ‘Provide recreational activities within stream corridors, including wilderness and developed recreational activities hugach\env-rpt.ch3 3-44 OWN HNHMN FP WN He NNN NNN DNDN BS FKP RP RP RP rR ee = Ensure continued opportunities for public use of important recreation, public access, and historic trails of regional and statewide significance. Visual Influence of Recreation Areas Views from recreation areas, trails, scenic roads, the Alaska Railroad, parks, and selected natural areas (Potter Marsh) are shown on Figure 3-18, Visual Influence of Recreation Facilities. This map shows the portions of foreground views (0-4 mile) and near middleground views (14- 1 mile) that are within the alternative study corridors for the Southern Intertie Project. Visuall itive Residential and Urban A: Views from residences within the alternative are generally depicted within segments of the alternative corridors on Figure 3-19. There is a broad range and pattern of residential views within the segments as follows: = ~=Anchorage Area—Residential views in urban Anchorage generally will be most directly affected by alternative routes from residences adjacent to the routes due to the dense pattern of residences, or tree screening. = Indian and Girdwood—Residential views will be primarily associated with residences near the route due to topography and vegetation, which would screen much of the communities. = Canyon Creek and Sixmile Creek Area—This is an area with very isolated residences primarily in forested areas = Cooper Landing Area—There are a variety of viewers along the Kenai River and Sterling Highway = Soldotna and Nitiski Areas—Residences are dispersed in these areas surrounding the two communities = ~=Cook Inlet Coastal Area—This is a very low density area along the pipeline corridor chugach\env-rpt.ch3 3-45 OmerAI DN FP WN NON NNN DN YF RK KR RP RP rR re BRPBBFXSRBRNKFHRREBRESSRUYUADEGHES Specific residential areas within Anchorage are shown on Figure 3-14 and the recreation-related views within Anchorage are shown on Figure 3-20. CULTURAL RESOURCES Intr ion The cultural resource inventory and analysis investigated and evaluated prehistoric, ethnohistoric, historic sites, buildings, structures, districts and objects. The intent was to identify major cultural resources that represent the most serious conflict with the alternative transmission line corridors. The cultural resources inventory was used to develop an informal sensitivity analysis that could be used in future stages of project planning and implementation. Development of a formal predictive model was beyond the scope of this study, but the brief review provides a basis for identifying known sensitive locations, as well as some areas where other significant cultural resources can be expected. Inventory Results By passing the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) of 1966, the U.S. Congress declared that “the historical and cultural foundations of the Nation should be preserved...” and that “the preservation of this irreplaceable heritage is in the public interest....”_ The NHPA authorizes the Secretary of the Interior “to expand and maintain a National Register of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects significant in American history, architecture, archeology, engineering, and culture” (36 CFR 60.1). A site’s significance is evaluated according to criteria established by the Secretary of the Interior for use in determining the eligibility of properties for the National Register (36 CFR part 60). Section 106 of the NHPA requires that the possible effects of Federal undertakings on properties included in or eligible for the National Register of Historic Places be considered. Section 110 of the Act requires that Federal agency heads take steps to minimize harm to National Historic Landmarks (properties designated by the Secretary of the Interior as Landmarks) that could be directly and adversely affected by their undertakings. There are over 600 archeological and historical sites in the study area listed in the Alaska Heritage Resource Survey. One, the Holy Assumption Church in Kenai, is a National Historic wOomernNIaAN F&F WN NN NNN BRK BR Re Re Ree BESBSRBNRARRBRESSRSIADEBGSES Landmark. Another, the Iditarod Trail system, was designated a National Historic Trail in 1978. Forty-three other sites have either been determined eligible for or listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The nomination of 14 additional properties to the Register is pending. Known sites in the study area are concentrated along the highway system and around the coast. The majority of the known prehistoric sites are less than 1,000 feet above sea level, in areas of gentle slopes and forested valley bottoms. Late prehistoric sites are usually associated with bodies of water, and important villages appear on streams with large salmon runs. There are, for example, several hundred sites and over 3,000 cultural features in the Sqilantnu Archeological District at the confluence of the Kenai and Russian Rivers (Kent er al. 1996). There are concentrations of known historic properties in downtown Anchorage, and along the northern shore of Turnagain Arm, the Alaska Railroad south of Portage, and the Seward Highway south of the Hope Cutoff. There is no apparent relationship between mining sites and slope, elevation, or land form, although such sites do occur in zones of strong mineralization. However, the distribution of known archeological and historic properties may be the result of access-influenced survey bias, and the possibility of locating sites in other settings should not be ruled out. Landforms that could be considered “high sensitivity zones” for prehistoric sites include lake, stream, and coastal margins; stream junctions; river terraces; inlets and outlets of lakes; elevated topographic features providing panoramic views of the surrounding terrain; constricting geomorphic features which tend to channel the movement of animals; and natural travel routes. | Muskegs, colluvial slopes, shallow soils overlying rock, and steep slopes compose areas of lower or no archeological potential. Locations where there is a high potential for discovering additional historic sites include historic trails, mineralized zones that attracted gold miners, and early settlement areas. Archeological and historic sites are extremely sensitive to physical disturbance and could be adversely affected by direct, indirect, or cumulative impacts associated with the proposed project. cdaigach\env-rpt.ch3 3-47 OmarANI KHUN FSF WN He NY NNN NN DN BH KR BR Re RP RR eS The earliest archeological sites in the Upper Cook Inlet region have been found at Beluga Point on Turnagain Arm and along the upper Kenai River. These sites, which date to the early Holocene, have characteristic core and blade assemblages (Reger 1996:3). Other components at Beluga Point and sites along the Kenai River contain artifacts that are reminiscent of pieces found on the Alaska Peninsula 3,500 to 4,500 years ago (Reger 1996:3-5). There is a gap separating the early to middle Holocene occupations of the region and later cultures. However, during the last millennium B.C. and first millennium A.D., the interior of the Kenai Peninsula was inhabited by Pacific Eskimos who were taking advantage of the area’s tich salmon resources (Reger 1996:5). Reger (1996:6), who has termed these people “Riverine Kachemak,” believes they were related to coastal groups of Cook Inlet and had ties to the Norton culture of Bristol Bay region. During the second millennium A.D., the Eskimos were replaced by Dena’ina Athapaskans (Dumond and Mace 1968:19). Late prehistoric Dena’ina sites “are numerous and scattered widely over the area” (Reger 1996:8). According to Osgood (1966), Dena’ina activities were concentrated along streams, although the use of land mammals was also important. Ethnography According to de Laguna (1975: 13-14): The Cook Inlet region is at present [1930s] inhabited by the Kenai Indians...Their territory extends down the Inlet as far as Seldovia on the south shore of Kachemak Bay, and the south shore of Kamishak Bay on the west side of the inlet. At the time of Russian contact, Knik Arm and its tributaries were inhabited by a subgroup of the Dena’ina (Osgood 1966:14). Unique among northern Athapaskans, the Dena’ina utilized both inland and marine resources. Although the Dena’ina of upper Cook Inlet and the Susitna River depended on the sea to a lesser degree than did the people on the Kenai Peninsula and around Kachemak Bay, they did hunt seals and beluga whales (Osgood 1966:37). Most Dena’ ina activities in the Susitna area, however, were concentrated along streams and near lakes with runs of anadromous fish. chugach\erv-rpt.ch3 3-48 OmAANI NHN FP WN NNN NNN DN BY BK BR RP Ree eS Exploration and Early Settlement Captain James Cook was the first European explorer to sail the waters of Cook Inlet. In May, 1778, his two ships, the Resolution and the Discovery entered the inlet in search of the Northwest Passage (Bancroft 1970:206). Although Cook ultimately recognized that he had not found a northern route to the Atlantic, he did not realize the extent of his discovery. He did, however, send boats to briefly explore Turnagain Arm and the mouth of the Knik River (Bancroft 1970:207). Captains Nathaniel Portlock (1789) and George Dixon (1968), both of whom had been with Cook during his 1778 voyage, returned to Cook Inlet in July, 1786. Eight years later, in April, 1794, Captain George Vancouver, on board the Discovery, and Lieutenant William Broughton, in command of the Chatham, reached the head of Cook Inlet (Vancouver 1967; Orth 1967:40). Vancouver corrected Cook’s observations concerning the nature of Turnagain Arm and made many additions to Cook’s charts. His party spent about a month in Cook Inlet mapping and describing the coast. In contrast to the short visits of the English explorers, the Russians were very active in Cook Inlet during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Their activities, however, were primarily limited to the coastal areas (Osgood 1966). Early contacts between Russian fur traders and the inhabitants of the Gulf of Alaska were brief and not always peaceful. Initial forays into Cook Inlet were made from Kodiak or the Aleutians. Gold American trappers frequented the upper Kenai Peninsula in the years following the sale of Alaska to the United States (Reger and Antonson 1977:iv-4), but it was ultimately gold that led to the exploration and settlement of the area. In 1869 and 1870, retired soldiers, American merchants, and at least one Russian settler formed an expedition to prospect along the Kenai River. They too found little gold, failing to cover even the cost of food for the expedition. Between 1870 and 1890, prospectors continued to look for gold along tributaries of the Kenai River drainage and Cook Inlet. The Kenai gold rush was probably precipitated by an itinerant miner named King. After prospecting for two years, King returned to Kenai in 1890 to pay off his grubstake, and then departed. His strike area, near the present day town of Hope, was discovered later. By the early 1890s, claims had been filed on many of the Kenai Peninsula’s creeks, and word of the chugach\env-rpt.ch3 3-49 OMANI NHN SF WN NNNNNN DNDN BH KR Pr rr rR re gold find began to spread. Lured by tales of riches, gold seekers began arriving in 1895. That same year, the towns of Sunrise, center of the Sunrise Mining District, and Hope, a small settlement near the beach at Resurrection Creek, were established (Barry 1973:41-43). The real Tush to the district began in 1896, with Sunrise growing to a thriving community with several stores, a brewery, two saloons, and a restaurant (Barry 1973:60). Gold was first discovered in the Knik Arm area in 1897 (Cohen 1982:7). The resulting influx of miners into the Willow Creek District, and placer mining and prospecting activities in the early 1900s led to the development of the town of Knik from a trading post into the economic center for the entire area. The influx of people looking for gold along Turnagain Arm had abated by 1905, with the Kenai fields being superseded by those of Nome and Fairbanks (Barry 1973:121). However, prospectors continued to search the Kenai districts and established mines continued to operate. Mining activities remained depressed through World War I. There was an upsurge of mining activity in the 1930s, but World War II brought a virtual end to commercial gold mining in all of Alaska (Barry 1973:167). The Alaska Railroad, Anchorage, and Twentieth Century Development The Alaska Central Railroad Company, formed in 1900, was the first to attempt to build a railroad out of Seward across the Kenai Peninsula. Alaska Central were bankrupt in 1904, however, having completed construction only as far as Mile 45 (Reger and Antonson 1977:6) Established in 1904, the Alaska Northern Railroad Company managed by 1915 to extend the tracks to Mile 71 at Kern Creek (Reger and Antonson 1977:iv-7). Although financial difficulties prevented Alaska Northern from further work, the portion of the line that had been built provided daily passenger service across the peninsula during the summer and fall (Barry 1973:134-135). The Alaska Northern Railroad Company was about to follow Alaska Central in bankruptcy when it was purchased by the United States government. In 1913, Congress passed the Alaska Railroad Bill, which authorized the location, construction, and operation of a railroad linking the Pacific coast of Alaska with navigable waters in the interior. The Alaska Engineering Commission (AEC) was created to carry out the project. After 1915, work on the line clnugach\eav-rp.ch3 3-50 OMAN DUN PWN NO NNN BY KR RR RP RP Re RP Be BYESBRNRRRBRESVSIAADESHSLS progressed rapidly, and in September of 1918 Seward was connected by rail to the Matanuska coal fields (Reger and Antonson 1977:iv-8). The history of Anchorage is directly linked to the construction of the Alaska Railroad. The AEC set up a headquarters camp at Ship Creek in 1914, and by the time President Wilson made the decision to proceed with a route that basically followed the present Seward-Fairbanks rail line, a large number of people were waiting at Ship Creek for construction to begin. Anchorage developed rapidly, in both size and general importance. The growing town was named Anchorage by the U.S. Post Office over the objection of the AEC, which had proposed the name Ship Creek. From 1915 to 1920, when the city was officially incorporated, Anchorage was managed by the AEC. The Iditarod Trail was very much a part of the history of the Cook Inlet area. Actually a series of trails, the Iditarod was first a route from Seward to Knik and the Willow Creek mining district. From Turnagain arm the trail crossed both Crow Creek and Indian Creek Passes to Eklutna, then ran along the upper end of Knik Arm to Knik. In 1908, a survey party for the AEC laid out a winter route which extended the trail to Nome. The discovery of gold in the Iditarod region in 1910 and the resulting rush of prospectors led to improvements in the trail and gave it its name. Following the founding of Anchorage, a spur of the trail developed which ran from the Eagle River area along Knik Arm and across what is now Elmendorf Air Force Base and Fort Richardson. (Carberry 1979:105-107). Cooper Landing, which had developed during the early years of the twentieth century into an important hunting and fishing resort, was connected to Seward by road in 1938 (Pittenger and Thomas 1980). The Sterling Highway, named after Hawley Sterling of the Alaska Road Commission who planned the road and pushed for its construction, was begun in 1947 but not completed until 1954 (Pittenger and Thomas 1980:136-137). Anchorage was linked to Seward in 1951 when the present highway was built. This project was financed by the Department of the Interior, with the construction done under the supervision of the Alaska Railroad and Road Commission (Reger and Antonson 1977:iv-8). ciaugach\env-1pt.ch3 3-51 CHAPTER 3.0 ERE oa Oversized Tables and Figures | General Reference Features = L y ee i // Pipeline A Corridor ea Spruce-Hemlock zi * SHS) \ Transmission Line AY Alternative Route Upland Spruce Hardwood | | = le ex << : ; : Paranda "7 Number Code Lowland Forest, Lakes and Wetland Complexes a al Ms miedo Substations Bottomland Spruce Poplar Forest Tate iiegcaiit | \ Ol Platform High Brush Lown YA mae |B oh BS IS. Forested Wetlands, Shrub Bog, & Muskegs Coastal Marsh Alpine Tundra and Barrens THN TRN TION TON T6N Vegetation Cover Types Southern Intertie Project Proposed Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line T4N Figure 3-1 Legend G8 Coastal Marsh HM Forested Wetlands, Shrub Bog, & Muskegs | EB Lakes and Wetland Complexes THN TRN dIHSNMOL TION TEN T6N Areas of Major Wetland Concern Southern Intertie Project Proposed Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line T4N Figure 3-2 General Reference Features TUN / Alternative Route AN80 Link Number Code NV Corridor an . Substations TON Draft Date: April 2, 1996 7 | 8/9/10) 1/12 6)5)4}3a}2\1 Black Bear Habitat VAL fd |] Brown Bear Habitat Hl Brown Bear Denning Area AV Bear Feeding Habitat NoLL NZL TION TEN T4N Li ission Bear Habitat Southern Intertie Project Proposed Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transm NOL NeL ced LE NOL Nel Figure 3-3 THN TI2N Ris Ww Ris WwW RuWw Row R7W RSW RaW Riw RIE R3E Sy Legend ioe | | ' - ny q oAg cescel Reference Features Nol Moose Concentration Areas i i { i we | Fine [od (ig | ANs0 Link Number Code |__| Year Round | A nA: > .Y v7 A Existing Fall and Winter | h Sf clay On / ~,ANCH! u Substations Winter pe = [] Mountain Goat Habitat NGL dIHSNMOL TION NOLL T8N NgL T6N NOL | rt : 1h i { L data Sh Se f OS Mountain Goat and ST eee < Moose Habitat | i ¢ peo , Southern Intertie Project Proposed Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line T4N Nol Figure 3-4 THN TION TEN T6N T4N Legend TR2N Dall Sheep Habitat Caribou Summer Habitat Caribou Winter Habitat 4 Caribou Calving Grounds Caribou Range ~ aia General Reference Features (| 7M Pipeline WV Corridor // Alternative Route N80 Link Number Code Nwl NGL NOLL Nel a x i “4 . Hs | The Bete Dall Sheep and Caribou Habitat | Southern Intertie Project Proposed Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line Nol Figure 3-5 THN TRN TON T6N T4N TION risw RBWw Legend “Vs Anadromous Fish Streams R7w Rie RaE é General Reference Features /\/ Pipeline IV Corridor = oe — /\/ Transmission Line // Alternative Route = a“ | Zt Railroad ANS0 Link Number Code Pt 7\¢ Borough Boundary & Existing | /\/ Rivers and Streams — : A Ol Platform : (_] Lakes/Inlet { Section Grid . + . RANGE ! 1 4 2 9 [10] 1 a a 3 z EN.D.NO , Anadromous — E _ r | Fish Habitat y N | Southern Intertie Project Y % _f Proposed Anchorage to Kenai | |= Peninsula Transmission Line Figure 3-6 R15 Ww RBW Ruw Row R7w RSW Raw Riw Rie Ged ;| General Reference Features = Fee Bee LL 4 i po OS AY Pipeline A Corridor z E Beluga Whale Habitat | i Spas | 4 /\/ Transmission Line E = = : i | - Veet ——| \ 2 Railroad AN#0 Link Number Code “ Eagle Nest Sites aa ef ; A peaeeaals A Exiting : Rivers and Streams ——- Oil Platform Lakes/Inlet Section Grid ; 6 4 2 ~ 3 a ® Dames & Moore Draft Date: April 2, 1996 aL Tia SA / og et Beluga Whale and e Eagle Habitat Southern Intertie Project : Proposed Anchorage to Kenai ||: Peninsula Transmission Line Figure 3-7 TUN TION Ris Ww RBW auw Row R7W RSW Raw Riw RIE R3E . ’ T ae — > S Cn > - | i ' Sead Lot 5 2'4] General Reference Features Legend - pat e/ a “81 AV Pipeline 3] Spring | j ' ' PFS {4 Fa at Transmission Line oor, Fall { ! 1 . sonal’ | AR | ‘Borough Boundary (7) Spring and Fall | ! lh | Rivers and Streams . Soe ef oo) ng” . \ ; Oil Platform Molting | 7 “eg rc : He » ft \ a oa Nesting Not TRN wo) HW) 2S a [15 | 14/10] 2 ° 3 6 ramus 22] 7a| 24) § T #\8isia|~je NGL 3% Dames & Moore Draft Date: April 2, 1996 NOL T8N Nal eA SK \ } MP OLN @ e j . eae XN r CY? iE <> ; T6N WA) it 4-4 ! \ ff cst +t { — \ H { \ ime ~ : S : + ni Duck & Goose Concentration Areas | Southern Intertie Project Proposed Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line T4N Nol Figure 3-8 Risw RBWw Ruw Row R7w RSW R3w Riw Rie R3E its“ [ General Reference Features 7 } a, ‘ a * /V Pipeline NN Corridor Single | H I co OFS] + 3 Transmission Line “J Alternative Route . | } { re a |S \ ANso Link Number Code Pair | i i ae ore, i \ TUN Not i i 3 wie AY & Existing Pair and Young | i TV“ > ales 7 L Substations Flock Nest Site Ti2N NaL 12MILES, 3% Dames & Moore Draft Date: April 2, 1996 TION NOLL TEN Nel T6N NOL Southern Intertie Project Proposed Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line T4N Nol Figure 3-9 “\Oui. [General Reference Features NriL Legend (29) Avalanche Hazard Areas THN | NUL TRN NOLL TION NOL TEN NOL T6N Southern Intertie Project Proposed Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line Noel T4N Sources: Alaska Mountain Safety Center Inc., 1991. Map of isional snow avalanche ntial eee Alaska. = ions 1-11, Seward Quadrangle, Alaska by G.D. March & L.G Robertson, 1982. Alaska Division of Geological & Coophysical Surveys Alaska Open-file Report AOF-130. Figure 3-10 Avalanch Paths of we I ‘ Alaska Division of logical & Geophysical Surveys Professional Report #81. TUN TN TION TON T6N T4N r Legend Private Federal LJ State Ea Kenai Peninsula Borough Municipality of Anchorage Native Native Selected Lands Not Defined 3% Dames & Moore Draft Date: April 2, 1996 | Jurisdiction/ Ownership | Southern Intertie Project Proposed Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line Figure 3-11 Zt-€ eanbis | TEC.30 TEA20 TE.A.10 s —— cj eteneameseaer” * Pt. Woronzof AN20 Link Number Code Ly a : i o International Airport Rd, ~9_ Russian Ja Springs Golf Course Elmendorf Air Force Base Jurisdiction/ Ownership Southern Intertie Project Proposed Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line TEC30 —-TEA10 TEA20 | mm > yet General Reference Features Pipeline Transmission Line Corridor Railroad /¥° Alternative Route Borough Boundary 4 Existing Substations Rivers and Streams AN#0 Link Number Code Oil Platform Legend Residential Mixed Use Development Satie sand Netowel t / Inholding Farm/Agriculture ' | State Park Commercial | Chugach National Forest = Kenai National Military Wildlife Refuge | Vacant | Not Defined Gravel Pit Air Strip Land Use Southern Intertie Project Draft Date: April 2, 1996 : Proposed Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line rvl—-e esnby THN >. MENEEGCOOD TRN i State Park National Wildlife Refuge Chugach National Forest Private, Borough or State Selected Lands Parks and Natural Areas Camp Ground Nonmotorized Winter Area Motorized Winter Area Interpretive Site Proposed Facility Boat Launch aga na aoeoveooer+ ++ 0 Camp Site (Cs) Cabin Ruins Fish Access Interpretive Sign Special Use Permit Area Trail Head (TH) Viewing Point Toilet Visitor Center Picnic Area Rest Area nt General Reference Features oy. i { S TION T8N T6N T4N Cabin/Shelter , 5) 8 a \ ) % v TDS « em’ : K a Sbantle Cr 2nd Canyon Pt Southern Intertie Project Proposed Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line Figure 3-15 THN TI2N | Moderate Management Area Area Expansion mciactisn aity Spectr EES Wilderness Zone (Chugach National Forest Special Management Areas (55) Primitive 1 Hs campground (3 Primitive 2 GB Nonmotorized Winter Area ural HE Motorized Winter Area [--] Rural Modified HE interprative Site GD Roaded Natural HE proposed Facility HEE semi-primitive Motorized [53 Recreational Development Areas | [—] Semi-primitive Nonmotorized MED Conservation Easement HB Parks & Natural Areas Special Management Areas (SMA) TION TSN T6N T4N 1 i ry Hon Sa mT Se Ceptt ret Liter egene ational |: tt fuori Hai ie 1 OTe Rit nt uh ALLL Lal Weert tepid 1 HOOD pity EEE Nob i tit vate uy Vt Heese i <<: byte Prete eas : Refuge ney wan mn nr ey tobrnpg tt ; feet tetlyy Citerr ey sa Md ebeg fit . Free PECEEE Hera) ap WTB te eth 1 ' if We Hoe hey | General Reference Features // Pipeline NV Corridor /V Transmission Line “Alternative Route Railroad ANs#o Link Number Code as “Borough Boundary & Existing ‘ Rivers and Streams none j | \ Oi Platform i re ee i i \ . RANGE M ' } 6 4j/3}2}1 / ‘ 7 | 0] 3 * 12MILES, - J 30 SF Dames & Moore [| [ 31] ye ea titny Recreation Management Areas Southern Intertie Project Proposed Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line “ 2 z Figure 3-16 TRN TON TON T6N Row Riuw Row Legend Chugach National Forest Federal viel Qa) OUechvee [] Kenai National Wildlife Refuge HEE Non-National Forest Co] wa = ["") Maximum Modification ae eet ae [_] Modification State [=] Partial Retention GE state Parks 3) Retention EEE] Proposed State Recreational HE Preservation Area Expansion SE Wilderness Zone Nelrcdiityy eres, 4 | General Reference Features Vv Pipeline WN’ Corridor /\V/ Transmission Line // Alternative Route 2S Railroad ANs0 Link Number Code 7 Borough Boundary A Existing /\/ Rivers and Streams substan } A Oil Platform . ] {] Lakes/inlet } Section Grid + RANGE { 6/6) 4;)3)/2/)1 7/8 | 6/10] n/ 12 — _ DoooOro: any : = 19) 20) 21| 22| 28 ug =e 20| 20| 28| 27| 20] 26) ™ = Dames & Moore _ 50 2) 988 Draft Date: April 2, 1996 Visual Management Areas || Southern Intertie Project Proposed Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line Nel Figure 3-17 Legend L__] Foreground (0 - 1/4 Mile) a Wine suai ek | s i 2 Abenate Roe (299) Near Middleground (1/4 - 1 Mile) eel a oo anncvnae THN Re Municipality of Anchorage ; Recreation Areas Recreation Facility /\/ Recreational Trails /\/ Canoe Trail/route NY TRN TION T8N TEN Visual Influence Recreation Facilities | Southern Intertie Project Proposed Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line T4N Figure 3-18 THN TRN TON TON T6N T4N Ris Ww RIsW anw Row R7W RSW. R3W Riw RIE R3E = TT t wT 1 | é jend LS, General Reference Features z we 4 nN /\/ Pipeline AN Corridor z Anchorage Area it -—+ 1 |__ /\/ Transmission Line A/ Alternative Route 7 | GBB indian & Girdwood Area se ; \ Ze Railroad AN0 Link Number Code f . sa 7 Borough Boundary & Biisting 24 canyon Creek & Sixmile Creek Area Univentty, [| ~ ANCHORAGE // Rivers and Streams ——= Ee Cooper Landing Area \ i \ \ a Oil Platform . EEE Soldotna & Nikiski Area gre egg tt _A. EB Cook Inlet Coastal Area ; me Ni Section Grid ny} 12 3 SES Zz = = = Dames & Moore Draft Date: April 2, 1996 ™, \ L 3 | \ i 3 <— < 4 4 % dy oceso \ \ N — i \ 4 ; acto oF i a NR acHse i a ; x Z ron \ ® ij Whitt 2 i ii ef | a] 4 { i NOL The i Visually Sensitive | Residential & Urban Areas Southern Intertie Project Proposed Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line Nol Figure 3-19 IV! Ae Jv Mv N A TE.C.30 TE.A.10 Pipeline Transmission Line Railroad Borough Boundary Rivers and Streams Oil Platform Legend Foreground (0 - 1/4 Mile) -Oe—-€ eunbi4 ex peed Municipality of Anchorage IV IV Recreation Areas Recreation Facility Recreational Trails Canoe Trail/route Pt. Woronzof Earthquake Park} General Reference Features ("1 Lakes/inlet N Corridor 4° Alternative Route & Existing Substations AN20 Link Number Code Near Middleground (1/4 - 1 Mile) Draft Date: April 2, 1996 Ocea Russian Jack rings Golf Course Cs Elmendorf Air Force Base nview Park 4th se Visual Influences Recreation Facilities Southern Intertie Project Proposed Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line CHAPTER 4.0 ES ee a ee List of Agencies and Individuals Consulted } CHAPTER 4.0 - LIST OF AGENCIES AND INDIVIDUALS CONSULTED 4 FEDERAL AGENCIES 5 6 Bureau of Land Management 7 8 Federal Aviation Administration 9 Cathy Benadiksson, Environmental Supervisor 10 Robert Durance, Air Space and Procedures Specialist 11 Jack Schomer, Air Space and Procedures Specialist 12 13. U.S. Army Engineer District, Alaska 14 Tim Jennings, North Section Unit Coordinator 15 16 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Alaska 17 Heather Dean 18 Al Ewing, Administrator 19 20 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 21 Dan Dosier, Kenai National Wildlife Refuge Manager 22 Jim Fratis 23 Rick Johnston 24 Ann Rappaport 25 Robin West, current Kenai National Wildlife Refuge Manager 26 27 U.S. Forest Service 28 Elaine Fitzmaurice 29 Duane Harp 30 Steve Henning 31 Leo Keeler 32 Gary Lehnhausen 33 Ken Rice 34 Susan Rutherford 35 36 U.S. Marine Fisheries Service 37 Ron Morris 38 Brad Smith chugach\env-rpt.ch4 4-1 oman nanht WN ww NNNNNNN NYP Kr RP RP PP RP RP ee STATE AGENCIES Alaska Department of Community and Regional Mike Irwin, Commissioner Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation, Division of Air (Permits) Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation, Division of Air & Water Quality Len Verrelli, Director Alaska Department of Fish and Game Don MacKay Lance Trasky, Southcentral Regional Supervisor Alaska Department of Natural Resources Richard LeFebvre Nancy Pease, Natural Resource Manager Gary Prokosch Linda Medeiros, Natural Resource Officer Tim Smith Bruce Talbot, Natural Resource Manager Division of Parks and Outdoor Recreation Al Meiners, Superintendent, Chugach State Park Chris Degernes, Kenai Area Superintendent Jack Sinclair, District Ranger (North Kenai District) Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities Sandra Anderson, Scenic Byways Coordinator Peggy McNees, Development Planner John Tulley, Chief of Planning and Administrative Services Alaska Industrial Development Authority Tommy Heinrich chaigach\env-tpt.ch4 4-2 OMANI AUN WN He Ww NN NN NNN WN DN FH FR HR RF RP rR re Alaska Office of the Governor Marilyn Hyman Maureen McCrae Alaska Public Utilities Commission Robert Lohr LOCAL AGENCIES City of Kenai Thomas Manninen, City Manager City of Soldotna Joel Wilkinson, City Manager Kenai Peninsula Borough Lisa Parker, Director, Planning Department Harriet Wagner, Coastal Program Coordinator Municipality of Anchorage Tom Nelson, Planner Thede Tobish, Planner NATIVE CORPORATIONS Cook Inlet Region, Inc. 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The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Regional Effects; Effects of the Alaska earthquake of March 27, 1964 on shore processes and beach morphology. USGS Professional Paper 543-J. State of Alaska, Department of Highways. 1972. Basic Research, Analysis, and Exploratory Investigations, Knik Arm Highway Crossing, Anchorage, Alaska. Tikhmenev, Petr A. 1978. A History of the Russian-American Company. Translated and edited by Richard A. Pierce and Alton S. Donnelly. University of Washington Press, Seattle. Tysdal, R.G. and J.E. Case. 1979. Geologic map of the Seward and Blying Sound quadrangles, Alaska. Misc. Investigations Series Map I-1150. Updike, Randall G., Harold W. Olsen, Henry R. Schmoll, Yousif K. Kharaka, and Kenneth H. Stokoe, II. 1988. Geologic and geotechnical conditions adjacent to the Turnagain Heights Landslide, Anchorage, AK. USGS Survey Bulletin 1817. Includes Plates 1-5. Updike, Randall G., Nagisa Yamamoto, and Peter W. Glaesman. 1984. Alaska Report of Investigations 84-20. Moisture-density and textural analyses of modern tidal-flat sediments, Upper Knik Arm, Cook Inlet, Alaska. Prepared for Alaska Dept. of Natural Resources, Div. of Geological and Geophysical Surveys. U.S. Department of Agriculture. 1993. Seward Highway Scenic Byway Interpretive Plan. Chugach National Forest. Anchorage, Alaska. . 1984. Land and Resource Management Plan, Chugach National Forest. Washington D.C. chugach\env-rpt.ref R-7 WWWWWWWWWWNNNNNNNNNNEERE ERP ERP Ree GRESESFSSSAAAGRSBESBSRYURRRESNRSSRIQIADEDHOSomidaUHawney U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1979. Exploratory Soil Survey of Alaska. . 1963. Report of reconnaissance soil survey, Kenai National Moose Range. Soil survey by Bobby B. Hinton, Norman B. Hulbert, C. Erwin Rice, and Eugene P. Davis. Report by Samuel Rieger. . 1962. Soil Survey: Kenai-Kasilof Area, Alaska. Series 1958, No. 20. U.S. Department of the Army, Alaska District, Corps of Engineers. 1979. Water quality, Knik Arm - Upper Cook Inlet Volume 3. Prepared in conjunction with the Municipality of Anchorage. U.S. Department of Commerce. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. National Weather Service. 1981. Sea ice conditions in the Cook Inlet, Alaska during the 1978-79 winter. Francis W. Poole, NWS Forecast Office. NOAA Tech. Memo. NWS AR 30. U.S. Department of Commerce. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. National Weather Service. 1972. Sea ice conditions in the Cook Inlet, Alaska during the 1970-71 winter. Richard J. Hutcheon, Marine meteorologist. NOAA Tech. Memo. AR 7. U.S. Department of the Interior. 1985. Kenai National Wildlife Refuge FEIS. Fish and Wildlife Service. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 7. 1995. Land Protection Plan for Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, Soldotna AK. 1985. Kenai National Wildlife Refuge. Final Comprehensive Conservation Plan, Environmental Impact Statement, Wilderness Review. Vols. I and II. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Ecological Services. 1980. Terrestrial habitat evaluation criteria handbook--Alaska. U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Alaska OCS Region. 1996. Cook Inlet Planning Area, Oil and Gas Lease Sale 149. Final Environmental Impact Statement, Vols. I and II. MMS 95-0066. OCS EIS/EA. January 1996. U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Alaska OCS Region. 1995. Cook Inlet planning area, oil and gas Lease Sale 149, Draft Environmental Impact Statement. Vols. I and II. OCS EIS/EA MMS 94-0066. U.S. Department of the Interior, USGS. No Date. The next big earthquake in southern Alaska may come sooner than you think. Are you prepared? USGS/Alaska Division of Emergency Services/Alaska Geological and Geophysical Surveys. U.S. Department of the Interior, USGS. 1971. Map of Hydrologic Investigations. Atlas HA-455 (3 Sheets). chugach\env-rpt.ref R-8 eo TDOWDANDNMNFPWNRFOUWOWIAMAPWNH NNN WNr WWNNNNNY FOO ANNAMNA WWW WWW WwW COCAIDMAHWNY U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 1994. Land protection Plan for the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge. Soldotna, AK. . 1985. Kenai National Wildlife Refuge - Comprehensive Conservation Plan. Environmental Impact Statement, Wilderness Review. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, AK. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 1985. National Wetlands Inventory. Note to users - Kenai quadrangles. Anchorage, AK. . 1982. National Wetlands Inventory. Anchorage Kenai, Seward and Tyonic quadrangles. . 1980a. Terrestrial Habitat Evaluation Criteria Handbook - Alaska. USFWS, Division of Ecological Services, Anchorage, Alaska. Vancouver, George. 1967. A Voyage of Discovery to the North Pacific Ocean and Round the World, vol. 3. De Capo, New York. Originally published 1798, G.G. and J. Robinson, London. West, G. 1994. Bird finders guide to the Kenai Peninsula. Birchside Studios, Homer, AK. Wolfe, Jack A. 1966. Tertiary plants from the Cook Inlet Region, Alaska. Tertiary biostratigraphy of the Cook Inlet Region, Alaska. USGS Professional Paper 398-B. Wrangell, Ferdinand P. 1980. Russian America, Statistical and Ethnographic Information. Translated by Mary Sadouski, edited by Richard A. Pierce. Materials for the Study of Alaska History No. 15. Limestone Press, Kingston, Ontario. Zagoskin, Lavrentii A. 1967. Lieutenant Zagoskin’s Travels in Russian America, 1842-1844. Edited by Henry N. Michael. University of Toronto Press, Toronto. Zenone, Chester and Gary S. Anderson. 1978. Summary Appraisals of the Nation’s Ground-water resources--Alaska. USGS Professional Paper 813-P. Zenone, Chester. 1974. Geology and water resources of the Girdwood-Alyeska Area, Alaska. Open-File Report. Prepared by USGS in cooperation with the Greater Anchorage Area Borough. chaugach\env-rpt.ref R-9 APPENDIX A Ce en ee SOUMHERN INTERTIE PROJECT New Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line PUBLIC OPEN HOUSES JANUARY 31 & FEBRUARY 1 Intertie Participants Group (IPG) Chugach Electric Association, Inc. Homer Electric Association, Inc. Municipality of Anchorage - Municipal Light & Power City of Seward - Seward Electric System Matanuska Electric Association, Inc. Golden Valley Electric Association, Inc. Municipalicy of Fairbanks - Fairbanks Municipal Utilities Why an Intertie? The electric utilities serving the interior and southcentral areas of Alaska are known as the Intertie Participants Group (IPG). The seven utilities that form the IPG are electrically connected to provide efficient service to customers in the region. The proposed Southern Intertie will provide an additional connection between IPG utilities to improve reliability of service and efficient distribution of power. Project Overview The existing transmission line between Kenai and Anchorage is prone to outages and is limited in its capacity to transfer energy; installation of a second line will improve reliability and increase the transmission capability of the electrical system. The proposed Southern Intertie Project will specifically provide a more efficient distribution of electricity between the Bradley Lake Hydroelectric Project on the Kenai Peninsula and the rest of the Alaska Railbelt. Study Approach On behalf of the IPG, Chugach Electric Association is directing engineering and environmental studies for the proposed project. These studies are being performed by POWER Engineers, Dames & Moore and other local consultants. The project team is beginning a transmission line siting study, and input from the public, special interest groups, and public agencies is a critical part of the planning process. This is the first of several opportunities for public involvement in a two part process. Two open houses will be held to explain the project and the process (see schedule below). At the same time, the public will have an opportunity to comment on the values and criteria that will be used to help identify route alternatives that will be studied during the next step of the planning process. The next step is to conduct engineering and environmental studies to determine the feasibility of alternatives indentified. Public Involvement Siting Process Open House You are invited to open houses at the locations listed below. Representatives from Chugach Electric Association, POWER Engineers and Dames & Moore will be available to answer questions and describe the project in detail. In addition, a formal presentation will be conducted at 7:00 p.m. which will focus on the current phase of the project. Anchorage Soldotna Loussac Library Kenai Peninsula Borough Assembly Chambers Assembly Chambers 3600 Denali Street January 31, 1996 5:30 - 9:00 PM 144 N. Binkley Road February 1, 1996 5:30 - 9:00 PM If you have any comments or questions, or know of someone who would like more information on the project please contact: Niklas Ranta Dames & Moore 800-315-4082 Dora Gropp Chugach Electric Association Inc. or 800-478-7494 907-762-4626 1" = 20 miles Anticipated NEPA - Related Studies Siting Studies Public & Agency Meetings Public Review Public Scoping Siting Opportunities Alternative NEPA NEPA & Routes Process Documents Constraints Engineering System, Design & Economic Studies July 1996 NEPA - National Environmental Policy Act PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN THE PLANNING PROCESS Comment Form SOUTHERN INTERTIE PROJECT New Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line We would like to hear your views on the Southern Intertie Project. If you would care to share your views, please take a few minutes to fill out this form and mail or fax it to the address listed below. Name/Organization: Address: City, state: Zip code: Telephone number (optional): Date: Please list any comments or questions you may have concerning the proposed project. List any aspects, concerns, or issues you feel should be addressed. Do you want to remain on the project mailing list? Yes —— No If you know of someone who would be interested in providing comments or may want information regarding this project, please list their current mailing address. Name: Telephone number (optional): Address: City, state: Zip code: Organization they represent (if applicable): Please mail or fax this form by February 16, 1996 to: Niklas Ranta Dames & Moore 5600 B Street Anchorage, AK 99518 FAX: (800) 890-3470 If we do not hear from you we will assume you want to be removed from the list. Thank you for your comments. Dames & Moore 5600 B Street, Suite 100 Anchorage, AK 99518 SOUTHERN INTERTIE PROJECT New Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line YOU'RE INVITED The preliminary planning has begun for a new electrical transmission line to link the Kenai Peninsula with the Anchorage area. As part of the process, a pair of meetings will be held to explain the project, answer questions and take public comments. Interested individuals are invited to attend either meeting, or call for more information. SOUTHERN INTERTIE PROJECT PUBLIC OPEN HOUSES 7 Anchorage Soldotna Loussac Library Kenai Peninsula Borough Assembly Chambers Assembly Chambers 3600 Denali Street 144 N. Binkley Road February 1, 1996 5:30 - 9:00 pm A formal presentation will be held at 7 pm at both locations. For more information, contact: Dora Gropp Niklas Ranta Chugach Electric Dames & Moore, Inc. 800-478-7494 . ee Environmental Consultants 907-762-4626 800-315-4082 Anchorage Daily News - column width 3: = 6.063"w (Actual dimensions - 6.03" w x 4.00" h) PAGE 2 About interties PAGE 3 Board viewpoint: Intertie lower your bill? Annual meeting notes PAGE 4 Board report News notes ¢ Customers can now do more business with Chugach over the telephone, thanks to new equipment installed in December. You may now access account and other information with a touch tone phone and leave detailed voice mail messages. ¢ Remember, you could win $50 if you find your member number in the Outlet. Every month three member numbers are inserted into the Outlet copy inside brackets like this {}. If you spot your member number (which is also printed on your bill), call our service center at 563-7366 to claim your prize. You may claim for either the current Outlet or the preceding month's issue. ¢ The initial planning has begun for a new transmission line to connect the Anchorage area with the Kenai Peninsula. As part of the route selection process two public meetings will be held to outline the project and the planning process, answer questions and offer individuals an opportunity to provide input to the planning team. One meeting will be held in Anchorage at 5 p.m., Jan. 31, at the Loussac Library. A second will be in see News notes, page 2 THE GHUGAGH UU oz. 1996 budgets approved In 1996 natural gas costs for generating power at Chugach's plants, like the Beluga Power Plant pictured above, are expected to increase dramatically. The 1996 operating budget approved by the board of directors on Dec. 6 attempts to hold the line on spending for the coming year. The budget projects operating revenues of $132.2 million, non-operating revenues of $1 million, expenses of $127.2 million and margins of $6 million. While the budget does show fuel expenses increasing, it does Not anticipate any increase to the basic rates paid by customers for demand and energy charges in 1996. The budget predicts revenues from retail power sales will be $85.1 million. Wholesale sales are expected to generate revenues of $40 million, and economy energy sales $5.7 million. On a kilowatt-hour basis, retail sales are expected to increase 1.7 percent, wholesale sales 4.7 percent, and economy energy sales 12.9 percent The 1996 budget is 2.3 percent larger than 1995's projected budget. Most expense areas of the budget remained flat or saw a reduction from 1995 to 1996. However, increases in the cost of power produced and purchased, and higher depreciation and amortization expenses, accounted for the bulk of the increase from 1995 to 1996. The higher power costs are largely driven by the fact that about the middle of the year Chugach will use up the last of the inexpensive natural gas from contracts signed in the early 1970s. From that point on, all fuel will be priced under current contracts The impact of the higher fuel prices will be partially offset by the return of $2.7 million from two reserve accounts to consumers through the fuel surcharge in 1996. The money will come from reserve accounts containing a portion of the margins earned on prior economy energy sales, and from funds set aside as an insurance reserve for submarine cable replacement The increased depreciation expense is due to phasing in the last of the approved recommendations from a comprehensive depreciation study. New schedules for depreciating generation assets will go into effect, shortening the depreciable lifetime of the assets and raising annual depreciation expenses The board also approved a capital budget of $30.1 million, down about 25 see 1996 budget, page 2 I'll use this column to answer some of the questions I’ve heard asked about interties. What is an intertie? An intertie is an electrical transmission line which links different areas or major sections of a power grid What are their benefits? They improve the overall reliability of the power system and allow the most cost-effective and efficient use of the area’s generation resources to meet customer needs. Do we have any in our area? Yes. In the 1980s the State built an intertie from Willow to Healy which linked the Southcentral and Interior power systems. There is also the one built in the early 1960s which ties the Kenai Peninsula and Anchorage together. How do Chugach members benefit from interties? An intertie which opens new markets for Chugach power sales could lower electric bills because more customers would share the cost of the power plants and other generation and transmission facilities on the system. Since 1986 Chugach has sold millions of Some facts about interties dollars of power to Fairbanks utilities and used margins (profits) from the sales to lower rates for Chugach customers. Interties can also link the Chugach system to additional power plants that can provide more spinning energy on the system. Spinning energy is power that is instantly available from generators that are kept running in reserve without load to absorb the loss of a generating unit and helps prevent or mitigate outages. Additional generation helps us recover more quickly from some outages, since power can flow either direction across an intertie. Access to other generation resources allows Chugach more efficiency in scheduling both the operation and maintenance of its units. That access might also mean in the future Chugach may decide it’s cheaper to buy power from another entity than to add to or replace its own power plants. What intertie projects are being discussed? There are currently three interties planned for our area: a northern intertie from Healy to Fairbanks, a southern intertie from the Anchorage area to the Kenai Peninsula, and the Copper Valley intertie. The first two would strengthen the existing Railbelt power system, improve reliability and transfer capacity — allowing us to make the most efficient use of regional power plants. The third would link the Railbelt (for the first time) to a large area encompassing Glennallen and Valdez. What is the current status of the three projects? Golden Valley Electric Association expects to begin construction on the northern intertie in 1996. Chugach has hired a consultant who is just beginning the initial work on the route selection process for the southern intertie. By the end of December, the commissioner of the Alaska Department of Community and Regional Affairs is expected to announce a decision on a State loan for the Copper Valley intertie. News notes, continued from page 1 Soldotna at 5 p.m., Feb. 1, at the Kenai Peninsula Borough Assembly chambers. This project, known as the southern intertie, is one of two transmission lines partially funded by the Legislature with $90 million in grants from the former Railbelt Energy Fund in 1993. The second line, a northern intertie between Healy and Fairbanks, is moving ahead with construction expected to begin in 1996. For more information, call project manager Dora Gropp at 762-4626. ¢ The fuel surcharge increased this month from $0.00631 to $0.00807 per kilowatt-hour. The quarterly adjustment recovers the costs (both actual and anticipated) of fuel and purchased power expenses over and above the amounts recovered in the basic kilowatt-hour rate. The new surcharge rate will be in effect for the first quarter of 1996. The increase will add $1.32 to the {195039} average monthly bill for 750 kwh of residential service. 1996 budget, continued from page 1 percent from 1995. The capital budget funds long-lived generation, transmission and distribution projects, inventory, and facilities relocations to accommodate road improvements. Included in the capital budget is $2.2 million for Chugach’s share of the co- purchase of the federal Eklutna hydroelectric project. The operating budget is expected to produce margins of $6 million, sufficient to satisfy the requirements of Chugach’s bond indenture. Each component of the 1996 budget was reviewed in detail at a series of meetings with a board committee. Early in the process the board indicated its desire to avoid increasing base rates in 1996. To help achieve this goal 24 full-time positions were cut from the budget, reducing regular staff by 6 percent from 1995 to 1996. EE vO separate pl nt from differer abilins and compeutive | | | Board viewpoint TE Gea ess ul Will the Copper Valley intertie lower your bill? — The proposed intertie to link Copper Valley Electric Association's system with the Railbelt power grid | has generated a number of news articles and letters to the editor. Unfortunately, in the discussion of the Copper Valley intertie, conflicting | assertions have been made which have left many people confused about the whole issue. I want to give you some perspective on the interties and why they’re important to you as a Chugach member. In 1993 the Legislature authorized $90 million-in grants to partially fund the northern and southern interties within the Railbelt, and a $35 million, zero-interest loan to help build the Copper Valley intertie. Golden Valley Electric Association in {81242} Fairbanks was named to build the northern line and Chugach the southern. Since customers will pay any costs over and above the State grants, the Chugach board wants to make wise decisions when it comes to these projects. Each must be evaluated as a business investment in our future. Like other capital projects, the benefits and risks must be assessed as realistically as possible. As your board, our job is to try and minimize the risks and maximize the benefits realized by ratepayers. In the case of the Copper Valley intertie, we must look at the project assumptions. Are the demand forecasts for future power too optimistic? If so, future revenues might be insufficient to offset debt payments from line construction. On the other hand, it would not serve you well to mistakenly rely on load forecasts which are too conservative, and consequently not build a project which would have produced profits and lowered future bills. If there were to be construction delays or cost overruns, the net benefit to Chugach ratepayers could be reduced or eliminated. However, there might be ways to cut construction costs. The Anchorage School District recently saved millions of dollars because intense bid competition between contractors drove down school construction costs. Several years ago a number of utilities — including Chugach — signed memorandums of understanding which would require | use of International Brotherhood of | Electrical Workers Local 1547 labor on the projects in exchange for lobbying by the IBEW for legislative funding. The board has retained consultants to evaluate whether these understandings would increase the cost of intertie construction by decreasing bid competition. Before going ahead on the Copper Valley intertie the board will consider a number of options. We want to know that the intertie will be built in a quality manner at the lowest cost and with the highest long-term benefit to you. We also want to try and minimize environmental impacts and be satisfied that the financial assumptions are realistic. If you have comments or questions for your board regarding these projects, please feel free to share them with us. | | Annual meeting notes Chugach's 1996 annual meeting will be held at the Egan Civic and Convention Center on Thursday, April 25. Three directors will be elected at the meeting. Chugach members who wish to be considered by the Nominating Committee for a director's seat must submit a resume by the close of business on Thursday, Feb. 1. The deadline to submit proposed changes to the bylaws is 5 p.m. on Wednesday, Feb. 7. For more information, call 762-4736. Board report, continued from page 4 * Approved activating the southern intertie bank account. * Approved the 1996 business plan. * Approved the intertie contracting alternatives cost review. * Approved writing off $174,781.39 in uncollectible electric accounts for the six-month period ending Oct. 31, 1995. By comparison, Chugach wrote off $317,476.55 for the six-month period ending April 30, 1995. Even though the uncollectibles are "written off" in accounting terms, Chugach continues to aggressively pursue repayment of the debts. Le ¢ Approved writing off $13,452.57 in uncollectible miscellaneous electric accounts for the six-month period ending Oct. 31, 1995. By comparison, Chugach wrote off $2,493.80 for the six-month period ending April 30, 1995. Once again, Chugach also pursues repayment of these debts even after they've been written off. ¢ Approved capital credit payments totaling $14,395.51 to 31 estates, bringing the 1995 estate payments total to $120,834.85. * Approved directors’ expenses This report summarizes the major actions at Chugach board meetings. The board normally meets at 6 p.m. on the first and third Wednesdays of each month (call 762-4708 for the schedule). Meetings are held in the board room on the second floor of the headquarters building at 5601 Minnesota Drive. A time is set aside in each board meeting for public comments. Once approved, board minutes are available to the public Board OKs operating and capital budgets At its Dec. 6 meeting, the board approved a 1996 operating budget which projects $132.2 million in operating revenues, $1 million in non- operating revenues, $127.2 million in expenses and $6 million in margins (See story,-page 1.) Chugach sold 184.9 million kilowatt- hours of electric service in October, about 8.4 million kwh more than projected by the budget. Wholesale power {242562} sales accounted for 77.1 million kwh, retail sales for 81.2 million kwh and economy energy sales for 26.6 million kwh. Year-to-date sales stood at 1.8 billion kwh, about 53.3 million kwh more than projected by the budget. Chugach finished October with operating revenues of $10.4 million, about $196,000 less than anticipated by the budget. Year-to-date operating revenues stood at $106.4 million, about $210,000 less than projected by the budget. October expenses were $9.8 million, about $399,000 less than projected by the budget. Year-to-date expenses stood at $99.9 million, about $2.9 million less than projected by the budget. At the end of October, Chugach's equity-to-total-capitalization ratio stood at 24.74 percent. By comparison, Chugach's year-to- date October 1994 power sales totaled 1.7 billion kwh, while operating revenues were $106.2 million and expenses were $93.3 million. Chugach's equity-to-total-capitalization ratio at the end of October 1994 stood at 24.07 percent. In other action at the December meetings, the board: * Authorized the general manager to negotiate a one-year extension to the generation and transmission TIER agreement with Chugach's wholesale customers — provided that during this period there would be no challenge by the wholesale customers to interest during construction or other revenue requirement issues. TIER (times- interest-earned ratio) is the method used to earn margins based on equity. The original agreement signed in December 1990 also established a 10- year capital credit rotation cycle with Chugach's wholesale customers. * Authorized the general manager to execute a $1,878,000 contract with SMIT for a 300-megavolt-amperes, 138/230-kilovolt spare transformer. * Rescinded Board Resolution 88-03-02 which stipulated that only firms with agreements with IBEW Local 1547 be permitted to bid on electrical construction work. * Approved absences from two board meetings in January for Director Ed Granger. * Appointed Harold Braspenninckx, Mary Dee Fox, Sara Pete and Jerry Tanner to the 1996 Nominating Committee. ¢* Approved the use of organization logos and abbreviations on candidate material included in the Chugach voter information mailout. see Board report, page 3 Residential Service Costs Customer charge $6.25/month 7.727¢ 0.807¢ 0.0322¢ 8.5662¢ Energy charge Fuel adjustment Regulatory cost charge Total per kwh How to reach us Our service center at 5601 Minnesota Drive is open from 8 a.m. - 6 p.m., Monday-Friday. Switchboard hours are 8 a.m. - 5 p.m. Frequently called numbers Main number ................00ee eee 563-7494 Toll free ... (800) 478-7494 Customer service 5 . . 563-7366 Customer service fax ........... 762-4678 Credit 563-5060 Power theft hotline ............ 762-4731 Danger tree hotline ................... 762-7227 Payment options You may pay your bill by mail, in-person at our service center or by using our curbside drop box. You may be able to pay by phone if your bank or credit union offers this service. Current payments may also be made at any Anchorage branch of the First National Bank of Anchorage. To report a power outage Monday - Friday, 8 a.m.-5 p.m. .. 563-7366 After hours . .. 563-7494 Outside Anchorage ................ (800) 478-7494 The Chugach Outlet A Publication of Chugach Electric Association, Inc. 5601 Minnesota Drive P.O. Box 196300, Anchorage, Alaska 99519-6300 Chugach Electric Association, Inc. is a not-for-profit member- owned electric cooperative and Alaska’s largest electricity supplier. Chugach’s mission is to meet the energy needs of members and customers by providing competitively-priced, reliable, safe energy and services today and into the future through prudent and responsible planning, maintenance and management of the assets of the cooperative. -Turnagain Midtown wel Lake -Sand Lake Northwood Oceanview Satellite Park Ray Kreig, President Kathleen Weeks, Vice President Patricia Jasper, Secretary Mary Minder, Treasurer... Martin Bushue, Director. Ed Granger, Director ... Pat Kennedy, Director.. Gene Bjornstad, General Manager Printed in Alaska with vegetable inks on recycled paper (100% recycled. 20% post-consumer waste} INSIDE PAGE 2 Benchmarking $50 winner PAGE 3 New phone system Intertie construction costs PAGE 4 News notes eHere are some key dates leading to the annual meeting: Feb. 15- Nominating Committee posts list of recommended candidates Feb, 23- Petition candidate deadline March 12- Record date for the election March 26- Election mailing deadline April 22- Last pickup of mail ballots at noon April 25- Annual meeting at Egan Center els your meter accessible? Access helps us perform fast and accurate reads, and may save precious time in the event of an emergency. Please avoid blocking access or covering the meter. The route selection process is underway for a | new transmission line to link Anchorage and the | Kenai Peninsula If you have questions or | comments about this southern intertie, call | Project Manager Dora Gropp at 762-4626. *Spot your member number in the Outlet and win $50. Each month three member numbers { are inserted into the Outlet text inside brackets like this {}. Starting this month the first two letters of the member's last name have been | added following the member number. Find your member number (which is also printed on your bill), call our service center at 563-7366 and claim your prize. You may claim for either the current Outlet or the preceding month’s issue February @ Number 145 Beluga No.3 overhaul A Chugach maintenance technician inspects newly-coated stator vanes on Beluga Unit No. 3 The 65-megawatt, natural gas-fired turbine-generator is undergoing a major overhaul One of Chugach's generation projects is the major overhaul of Unit No. 3 at the Beluga Power Plant. The $3 million project began in November and is scheduled to be completed in February. Chugach maintenance’ crews disassembled the turbine, compressor and generator, and removed the rotqr for cleaning, inspection and repair. During a major overhaul, crews carefully inspect each component for wear, hot gas erosion, corrosion and any other damage that can be caused by high temperature, air flow, vibration and high speeds (3,600 rpm) at which the unit operates. Unit No. 3 had 147,123 fired hours of operation when it was taken out of service for the overhaul. Its last major overhaul was in September 1988 As part of the project, Chugach had special high tech coatings applied on many of the components. For the first time, the compressor section received coatings on the stator and rotor blades to provide galvanic corrosion protection toa The finish is similar nonstick Teflon™ that improves the efficiency of the compressor. The surface also stays cleaner because dirt does not adhere to its slick coating, which improves the generating efficiency of the machine Other high tech coatings were applied to the turbine (hot gas path) section. These coatings withstand temperatures of more than 1,800 degrees Fahrenheit, {227827 NI} and provide protection for the base material, which will extend the life of these components Along with these component repairs and coatings, the unit went through optical alignment to correct any sag or misalignment that may have occurred during operation since the original installation of the unit Chugach designed a system that will allow the compressor blades to be washed with a cleaning compound while the unit is on-line. This washing keeps the compressor during operation, improving efficiency and reducing fuel consumption Chugach cleaner also had designed see Overhaul, page 2 Chugach focuses on four areas to improve efficiency and service In the October issue of the Outlet, we told you about Chugach's participation in a national "benchmarking" study. As you may recall, Chugach is a cooperative which has generation, transmission, and distribution facilities. In this first "benchmarking" project, we decided to look at our distribution activities and associated costs for 1994. Chugach joined the study with 23 of the fastest-growing and largest distribution cooperatives in the U.S. Most of these utilities are located in the southeastern U.S., with a couple in Minnesota and New Hampshire. The activities that were benchmarked included line design and planning, overhead and underground line construction, overhead and underground service installation, maintenance and trouble calls. The preliminary results of the study revealed some significant differences between Chugach and the averages of the other cooperatives. We found that the percentage of money spent on maintenance in 1994 was much higher than the average that the other cooperatives spent, but maintenance cost on a per-customer basis was about half the "s message average of the others, or about $160 versus $330. On the other hand, our capital costs are indicative of a slow- growth cooperative. The other co-ops, being fast-growing, spend more percentage-wise than we do for construction In 1994, Chugach spent about $1,000 per equivalent line mile to maintain the distribution lines, compared to the average of about $200. Maintenance is more expensive in urban settings, like our service area, due to underground lines Overhead lines and poles, on the other hand, deteriorate more slowly than those in warmer climates. A major contributing factor is our labor wage rates and procedures used to do maintenance. We intend to investigate the methods and procedures the best performers use and, where possible, implement them at Chugach Some of the specific characteristics which best performers exhibit include a partnership with their work force in jointly seeking ways to reduce expenses, formation of optimal crew/equipment/vehicle complements, use of innovative cable installation methods and finally, establishing productivity measurements and labor standards for maintenance. The best performing distribution cooperatives use innovation In two broad areas, technology and labor. Some of the themes incluce mobile data terminals in trouble trucks, automated design standards and estimating systems, smaller multiskilled crews, partnership with union leadership and crews, and competitive bidding practices A common thread running through all the best performer characteristics is a willingness to formulate and implement new ways of doing business The cooperatives in the Lower 48, or "Outside," are facing increasing competitive forces As a result they have had to look over their operations and find ways to serve their customers in a way that maintains higher reliability while containing or reducing the price of electricity. Here at Chugach we will be striving to do the same Sra MN. (eee We have a winner! Victoria Bundy was the first Chugach member to win $50 in a program to reward {393 GI} Outlet readers. General Manager Gene Bjornstad presented her check in January. Bundy found her member number in the December issue of the Outlet. She has been a Chugach member since 1988. The board authorized the cash incentive program last year to reward Outlet readers. Each month three member numbers are inserted into the newsletter text. Members who find their number can call Chugach's service center at 563-7366 to claim their prize. The prize may be claimed for either the current month's Outlet or the preceding month's issue. The first numbers were inserted into the August newsletter text Chugach employees and directors are not eligible to win Overhaul, continued from page 1 manufactured, and installed a new exhaust diffuser for Unit No. 3, which is to reduce maintenance Additionally, Chugach saved expected expense approximately $50,000 by purchasing the diffuser from an alternate supplier. Chugach saved an estimated $450,000 by component from a Houston utility. purchasing a used _ turbine Chugach plans to complete the major overhaul of Unit No. 3 by the end of February. The major overhaul of Unit No. 7, one of Chugach's two largest generating units, is scheduled to start in 1996 procedures have alrea July Planning and repair y begun for this next major overhaul, again using high tech coatings to protect the turbine and compressor, which should increase the efficiency of the unit during operation New phone system a helpful connection Chugach has it§ own new:version of | "call and response.” Customers can now do business with Chugach 24-hours a day by a touch-tone phone and an interactive voice response (IVR) unit The IVR enables a caller to receive information on their account by responding to recorded messages which prompt the caller to key in numbers on the phone. The system is fast and convenient, and can save a caller time when waiting to speak with a representative. Chugach customers can get the current balance on their account, the date and amount of the last payment received by Chugach, and business hours and location information. The IVR is available on all of Chugach's main telephone numbers, including the customer service and credit lines. Customers can also.use the phone system to access current information on outages, meeting schedules, construction projects, new member information, directions, and energy audits. If you call after business hours, you can leave a detailed voice mail message and a Chugach representative will return your call on the next business day. For account information, the IVR prompts the caller to enter either their account number or the telephone number of the service location. As a security measure, the system then prompts the caller to enter the last four digits of the appropriate social security number for the account being accessed. If the information entered by the caller matches the account record, the IVR gives the caller the requested information. During business hours a caller can still opt to speak with a customer service or credit representative The "appropriate" social security number is the number for the member of record for the account. Many times couples actually have a_ single membership in only one person's name. In that case, the appropriate social security number would be the number for the individual listed as the member Married couples, with joint memberships and both social security numbers on file, should call Chugach customer service during business hours to check which number will access their account. Non- natural members, like corporations, cannot access account information with this system | If you want to access your account | information by using your service | location phone number instead of your |} account number, we need to ensure it | matches our records. You can call Chugach customer service at 563-7366 to update your social security and phone | numbers, or note them on the portion of | your bill you return with your payment | Prem TC ys At VA eae ese aa Intertie contracting alternatives could save millions In my comments last month I mentioned that the board had retained consultants to evaluate whether the understandings Chugach and other utilities signed with the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Union would affect the cost of intertie construction. Their findings? Full, open and competitive bidding, which would allow other unions and open shop contractors to work on the projects, could cut the cost of intertie construction by millions of dollars. The study estimated that it would cost $50.5 million to ‘build the Northern Intertie between Healy and Fairbanks if it were bid out under the National Electrical Contractors Association IBEW. Union agreement (that governs over $10 million of Chugach's annual capital construction program). The study evaluated concessions already granted by the IBEW for this intertie at $2.8 million and it identified $6.7 million in additional savings that would be possible under full and open contracting. Under that scenario the Northern Intertie could be constructed for $41 million, 19 percent less than under the standard NECA-IBEW agreement. Similar savings could be made on the proposed Southern Intertie between Anchorage and the Kenai Peninsula, and on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie between Sutton and Glennallen. Beyond the concessions already made by the IBEW, the consultants identified additional savings of over $16.8 million if all three interties are built under open bidding. The $25,000 study was performed | by Herbert R. Northrup and Armand J. Thieblot. Northrup is Professor Emeritus of The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania; Thieblot is former Associate Professor of Management at the University of Maryland. Both are noted for their expertise in labor and manpower policy, labor economics, and labor relations. The study only included savings from readily quantified differences in labor costs such as wages, fringe benefits, special payment requirements, crew makeups, etc. Not included were additional savings that could result from other factors such as increased competition, differences in equipment costs, supervision, insurance and bonding, as well as other items. It is unclear what impact the study will have on the contracting process, which is overseen by a group of all seven railbelt utilities, not just Chugach alone. Your board has taken the lead in exploring cost reduction alternatives because, as the railbelt's largest utility, Chugach has the largest share of intertie costs. In a related matter, the board intends to place a bylaw change for your consideration on the spring Chugach election ballot. If passed, it would require that Chugach use full, open and competitive bidding in ; future construction This report summarizes the major actions at Chugach board meetings. The board normally meets at 6 p.m. on the first and third Wednesdays of each month (call 762-4708 for the schedule). Meetings are held in the board room on the second floor of the headquarters building at 5601 Minnesota Drive. A time is set aside in each board meeting for public comments. Once approved, board minutes are available to the public Board sets March 12 as record date The board set March 12 as the record date for the 1996 election. The records in effect by the close of business on this date determine who gets to vote in the election and who will be issued a voting card for any floor voting which may be done at the annual meeting. Non-natural signature cards must be returned by this date to be effective for the 1996 election. The board also authorized the general manager to pursue a power sales agreement with Golden Valley Electric Association in Fairbanks. The agreement would {103552 GI} allow Chugach to expand the amount of non- firm energy sales to GVEA. Chugach annually sells millions of dollars worth of power to GVEA over the Anchorage to Fairbanks intertie. Margins from the sales help hold down bills for other Chugach customers, while bills in the Interior are lower than they otherwise would be because Chugach power is generally cheaper than that which GVEA could provide with its own generation resources. Chugach sold 185.5 million kilowatt- hours of electric service in November, about 6.5 million kwh more than projected by the budget. Wholesale power sales accounted for 83.2 million kwh, retail sales for 91.7 million kwh and economy energy sales for 10.6 million kwh. Year-to-date sales stood at 1.9 billion kwh, about 59.8 million kwh more than projected by the budget. Chugach finished November with operating revenues of $11.1 million, about $219,000 less than anticipated by the budget. Year-to-date operating revenues stood at $117.5 million, about $429,000 less than projected by the budget. November expenses were $10.2 million, about $416,000 less than projected by the budget. Year-to-date expenses stood at $110.1 million, about $3.3 million less than projected by the budget. At the end of November, Chugach's equity-to-total-capitalization ratio stood at 24.50 percent. By comparison, Chugach's year-to- date November 1994 power sales totaled 1.9 billion kwh, while operating revenues were $118.0 million and expenses were $103.7 million Chugach's equity-to-total-capitalization ratio at the end of November 1994 stood at 23.78 percent. In other action at the January meeting, the board: *Appointed DeeJay Johannessen and Kathleen Young to the 1996 Election Committee. *Approved capital credit payments totaling $8,782.07 to eight estates. * Approved directors’ expenses. Residential Service Costs Customer charge $6.25/month 7.727¢ 0.807¢ 0.0322¢ 8.5662¢ Energy charge Fuel adjustment Regulatory cost charge Total per kwh How to reach us | | | | | fe Our service center at 5601 Minnesota Drive is open from 8 a.m. - 6 p.m., Monday-Friday. Switchboard hours are 8 a.m. - 5 p.m. Frequently called numbers Main MUMDOT oi si: s cs fotos 5h ¢ ils on ls fe Ss ols 563-7494 Toll free ........ . (800) 478-7494 Customer service ..................005 563-7366 Customer service fax ................05 762-4678 HET OGAE | he ses Yast efer 6 wy eho lexprreleds ts caste borta tan a tal 563-5060 Power theft hotline ................... 762-4731 Danger tree hotline ................... 762-7227 Payment options You may pay your bill by mail, in-person at our service center or by using our curbside drop box. You may be able to pay by phone if your bank or credit union offers this service. Current payments may also | be made at any Anchorage branch of the First National Bank of Anchorage. | To report a power outage Monday - Friday, 8a.m.-5 p.m. ......... 508-7366 dAfter NOUS) 6 4). /04 3 )a's oars ialeme sels as sie -563-7494 Outside Anchorage ............... (800) 478-7494 Printed in Alaska with vegetable inks on recycled paper (100° recycied, 20°. post-consumer waste) ] Fit | | The Chugach Outlet A Publication of Chugach Electric Association, Inc. | 5601 Minnesota Drive | P.O. Box 196300, Anchorage, Alaska 99519-6300 \ i Chugach Electric Association, Inc. is a not-for-profit member- | owned electric cooperative and Alaska’s largest electricity supplier. | Chugach’s mission is to meet the energy needs of members and | customers by providing competitively-priced, reliable, safe energy and services today and into the future through prudent and | responsible planning, maintenance and management of the assets | of the cooperative. heres Turnagain : -Midtown . Jewel Lake «Sand Lake -Northwood Oceanview .. Satellite Park Ray Kreig, President ........ sooo Kathleen Weeks, Vice President . Patricia Jasper, Secretary.. Mary Minder, Treasurer. Martin Bushue, Director Ed Granger, Director .. Pat Kennedy, Director.. Gene Bjornstad, Genera’ re i News notes Chugach plans to replace existing underground electric cable this summer in two subdivision areas. In early March, Chugach held public informational meetings for residents of Century Village os and Heather Meadows subdivision areas. If you missed the meeting for your neighborhood or have questions about the replacements, call 762-4735 for the Century Village project, and 762-4738 for the Heather Meadows project. elt's budget billing time. Enroll in Chugach's budget billing program and make equal monthly payments. You can sign up in April to start payments in May. Residential and small general service commercial customers are eligible for budget billing. Look for your brochure with this month's bill. For more information, call 563-7366. | Questions or comments about the | southern intertie? Chugach is managing | the route studies selection process for | the Intertie Participants Group on a new | see News Notes, page 2 THE GHUGAG OUT a fo=z. New line extension changes will help customers New line extension practices will cut the costs of line extensions for new construction, like this new home currently being built in Strawberry Meadows Subdivision New practices will cut the cost of line extensions for consumers in 1996. Chugach submitted a series of proposed changes to the Alaska Public Utilities Commission in November that would improve procedures for line extensions. The changes were approved by the APUC in January. They resulted from a series of focus group meetings conducted last year, and will significantly change Chugach's line extension practices in several ways. A line extension involves the design and construction of a power line to provide electric service to a home, business or development. After focus group meetings with developers, electricians, consultants, contractors and homebuilders, Chugach analyzed its practices, charges, credits and application forms for line extensions. Based upon the new e tariff, homeowners and developers investing in new residential and commercial projects will benefit. Some of the changes include: *An increase in the amount credited to the customer for a line extension. Under the new tariff, Chugach will contribute $3,100 for a primary line extension. In 1995 Chugach contributed a flat $1,400 to residential primary line extension costs. °A simplified formula for refunding line extension costs with additional service connections. Chugach will credit the original applicant for each subsequent connection, up to the amount the first applicant originally paid. Chugach has also extended the see Extension, page 2 One of the benefits of being a member of a cooperative, is the opportunity to vote in annual elections. Election results will be announced at Chugach's annual meeting, which will be held Thursday evening, April 25 at the Egan Civic & Convention Center. Members can register at 6 p.m. and the meeting will start at 7 p.m. Several key dates lead up to the annual meeting. March 12 is the record date for this election. The records in effect by the close of business on this date determine who gets to vote in the election, and who will be issued a voting card for any floor voting, which may be done at the annual meeting. Non- natural member signature cards must be returned by 6 p.m. on March 12 to be effective for the 1996 election. Annual meeting countdown March 26 is the deadline for Chugach to send election packets, which will include materials to allow members to vote by mail. By noon, April 22, Chugach's election contractor will make the final pick up of mail ballots from the post office. Mail ballots received after this time will not be counted. Remember, only members of record can vote. A household may receive electric service based upon a single membership in one person's name, or a joint membership for a husband and wife. However, husbands or wives cannot sign a ballot envelope, or register at the annual meeting for a spouse who has a single membership. You can verify your membership status by calling Member Services 563-7366. To find out who is authorized to sign for a non-natural member, call 762- 4375. The April issue of the Outlet will be our annual election issue. I hope you will plan to attend the annual meeting next month. And, if you can't make the meeting, I urge you to vote by mail On April 25 members are invited to attend the Chugach annual meeting. In-person voting is allowed for members who have not already cast a ballot. Election results will be announced before the end of the meeting. I hope to see you there. Bre NM. Gon The updated quide to energy efficiency is Chugach’s | | fourth edition of You {1140 Kat car copy of the entitled “Sometimes the h Extension, continued from page 1 period from 3 years to 5 years for refunding the line extension costs to the original applicant. *A streamlined process for smaller line extension projects. Chugach will use an annual unit price task order contract for smaller line extension projects. With this method, applicants will receive a fixed cost estimate for the line extension, which will better help them to assess the feasibility of their project and arrange financing. In addition Chugach expects to decrease the amount of time spent processing separate bid packages for each project. *No separate charge for the first 165 feet of Corflo installation. Chugach will no longer charge for placing late fall and winter residential underground installations above the ground in a protective conduit until they can be buried the following year. If you, or someone you know, is planning to build a home or development this year, cal] Chugach's Line Extension Coordinator at 762- 4631 to discuss the plans. | News Notes, cont. from page 1 transmission line linking Anchorage and the Kenai Peninsula. Call Project | Manager Dora Gropp at 762-4626. | Find your member number in the Outlet ; and win $50. Each month Chugach inserts three member numbers in the | Outlet text inside brackets like this {}. | And, we've even given you a clue by adding the first two letters of the member's last name following the member number. Find your member number on your bill and look for a match in the Outlet. When you find a winning match, call our service center at 563- | 7366 and claim your prize. You may claim for either the current Outlet or the preceding month's issue. re MAG survey update You may have wondered about the survey question included with your January bill. Here's some background and an update on the results. In 199! the board asked Chugach's Member Advisory Council to review the organization's current contribution policy which states that Chugach will not make donations of cash, materials, equipment or employee time. That policy has been in effect since 1990 and the MAC wondered if it was still appropriate. In particular, the council wondered if there would be support for a voluntary program which allowed customers to round up their bill payments and earmark the excess to be used to support a limited community program. Because {217167 Sa} the board had recently discussed the merits of funding a small scholarship program, the advisory council decided to test support for using a round up program to fund such an effort. The MAC received permission from the board to include a survey question with the January bills. The question read, "Would you be in favor of a voluntary program - rounding your bill to the next dollar - to implement a scholarship program for children of Chugach Electric members?" Members were asked to check either a yes or no block. By mid-February approximately 5,000 forms had been returned. The return has provided some good insight. According to the MAC, to date approximately two-thirds of those responding have voted "no." Some members chose to also write comments on their survey forms. It was apparent some members misunderstood the survey. Some perceived the survey as a binding vote, and others apparently did not realize the suggested program would be voluntary. To some members it was unclear that what was proposed was a scholarship program for children of Chugach members and not Chugach employees. The Member Advisory Council plans to report the results of the survey to the board, which will have the final determination on whether or not to make any changes to the contribution policy. Board viewpoint RE Cea eet 18 This month I want to discuss how you can shop for lower cost power when there is only one power supplier, Chugach. For any other purchases your family makes, there are a number of different stores to choose from. You don’t have that choice with electricity because presently power companies are granted service monopolies. If you live in the Chugach service area, you must buy from Chugach. However, since you elect the Chugach board of directors, you have the power to directly affect how your co-op is run. This past year your board has taken a new approach and invested in a number of efforts aimed at improving the efficiency of Chugach operations. {223897 Ha} First, the detailed benchmarking study by the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA) discussed in last month’s Outlet has cost $22,897 to date in consulting fees and it identified over $4.3 million in potential savings, every year, if we can achieve best practices of the nation’s most efficient utilities in the areas of warehousing and line maintenance. The board has already authorized a continuation of this detailed benchmarking for other areas of our distribution activities. Second, NRECA has been commissioned to do an overall benchmarking study that compares all Chugach operations (generation, transmission, and distribution) to the nation’s best co-op, municipal, and investor-owned utilities. We expect this $50,000 investment to identify | additional millions in yearly savings. Je U How to shop for lower cost electric service Third, the Intertie Contracting Alternatives review discussed last | month identified over $16.8 million | dollars in potential savings to railbelt | ratepayers if all aspects of full, open | and competitive bidding could be used. | As a result, we are already | implementing the points made by | advertising to increase interest from qualified bidders who can compete for Chugach construction maintenance work. Fourth, this year the board gave the | and | Bylaws Committee the full technical i support it needed to bring three reform bylaw changes before you on this , month’s election ballot. We retained special legal counsel at a cost of | $25,000 to help perfect the Full, Open ° and Competitive Bidding, Member | Information, and Reducing Director | Conflict of Interest bylaws that will appear on the ballot in late March. If these bylaw changes are passed, I am | confident that the membership will save millions in avoided future rate increases. The board of director elections are the only way you can influence how | efficiently and businesslike Chugach is operated. Study the candidate statements carefully. Study the voting record of those running for re-election. This record will be printed in your voter pamphlet. BE SURE TO VOTE. This is only way you have to be sure you are getting the best deal and service out of your co-op. It is the only way you can “shop” for the best deal in electricity for your home. This report summarizes the major actions at Chugach board meetings. The board normally meets at 6 p.m. on the first and third Wednesdays of each month (call 762-4708 for the schedule). Meetings are held in the board room on the second floor of the headquarters building at 5601 Minnesota Drive. A time is set aside in each board meeting for public comments. Once approved, board minutes are available to the public. Rate stabilization fund will help hold rising fuel costs The board approved using the rate stabilization fund to help mitigate increasing fuel costs to Chugach customers this year. The fund was originally set up in 1988 when Chugach was making economy energy sales using the old low-cost Beluga gas. At that time, the decision was made to place 80 percent of the margins earned from those sales to Golden Valley Electric Association in a fund to offset costs for future ratepayers. The fund was credited with margins for the entire years of 1988 and 1989, and the first quarters of 1990 and 1991. The funding stopped once Chugach began using natural gas from Marathon Oil to make economy energy sales. Chugach anticipates that by June of this year the new, higher cost gas contracts will be fully in effect. With those increases in mind, Chugach expects to use the $3 million fund to begin offsetting costs to consumers. The return of these margins is expected to happen over a 12-month period. The rate stabilization fund will flow back to current customers through the fuel adjustment factor. In other action at the Feb. 20 meeting, the board: *Approved the 1996 election procedures, as amended. *Appointed John Repasky as the Master Election Judge for the 1996 election. *Approved a resolution to open a new bank account for the southern intertie grant funds in order to earn a higher interest rate. *Approved advertising for a financial advisor to the board. Approved capital credit payments totaling $18,746.28 to 33 estates, bringing the 1996 estate payments total to $27,528.35. * Approved directors’ expenses. Residential Service Costs Customer charge $6.25/month 7.727¢ 0.807¢ 0.0322¢ 8.5662¢ Energy charge Fuel adjustment Regulatory cost charge Total per kwh How to reach us Our service center at 5601 Minnesota Drive is open from 8 a.m. - 6 p.m., Monday-Friday. Switchboard hours are 8 a.m. - 5 p.m. Frequently called numbers Main number .....................--4 563-7494 (800) 478-7494 -563-7366 -762-4678 Credit oopsancgemsaims smemen -563-5060 Rowen theftyhotline) si. ossq semi sm ates 762-4731 Danger tree hotline ................... 762-7227 Payment options You may pay your bill by mail, in-person at our service center or by using our curbside drop box. You may be able to pay by phone if your bank or credit union offers this service. Current payments may also be made at any Anchorage branch of the First National Bank of Anchorage. To report a power outage Monday - Friday, 8a.m.-5 p.m. ......... 563-7366 Afterhours ........ ef arse erisf-OOG= 1408: Outside Anchorage ............... (800) 478-7494 The Chugach Outlet A Publication of Chugach Electric Association, Inc. 5601 Minnesota Drive P.O. Box 196300, Anchorage, Alaska 99519-6300 Chugach Electric Association, Inc. is a not-for-profit member- owned electric cooperative and Alaska’s largest electricity supplier. Chugach’s mission is to meet the energy needs of members and customers by providing competitively-priced, reliable, safe energy and services today and into the future through prudent and responsible planning, maintenance and management of the assets of the cooperative. ...Turnagain ....Midtown Jewel Lake Ray Kreig, President ................. . Kathleen Weeks, Vice President Patricia Jasper, Secretary Mary Minder, Treasurer . ....Sand Lake Martin Bushue, Director ..Northwood Ed Granger, Director .. a zi Oceanview Pat Kennedy, Director. pomtiresrss eeeersresesensOOvel Lesko k Gene Bjornstad, General Manager Printed in Alaska with vegetable inks on recycled paper (100% recycled, 20% post-consumer waste) rr 03/18/96 14:05 FAX Qoo2 late: C ‘ t aes 7+, 1/996 Anchorage Daily News Page: 7*W> Sites sought for Peninsula intertie the Associated Press KENAI — A new electric ine between Anchorage ind Kenai Peninsula will boost capacity by 70 per- cent and could reduce pow- T outages in the Anchor- ige area. But construction on the line won't start un- til at least 1999. The intertie would up- rade the electrical connec- sion between the Homer Electric Association system ind other Railbelt electric Itilities. The Legislature ap nroved spending $46.8 mil- on on the project, but lanmners say they aren't sure how much the project -will cost, exactly how iuch it will raise rates or +. where the line will be Lo. The current line was con- tructed in areas prone to walanches and sometimes goes down in the winter. The new intertie would take ‘advantage of an abundance of power on the Kenai Peninsula. The new intertie would take advantage of an abun- dance of power on the Ke nai Peninsula. The penin- sula is home to four power plants that together can produce 247 megawatts of electricity. Peak demand ou the Kenai Peninsula sel- dom reaches beyond about 60 megawatts. Some site ideas for the Peninsula intertie should be picked by the end of June. An intertie project committee made up of rep- resentatives from seven utilities is taking public comment before it draws up possible routes. Tim Tetherow, project Manager with Dames & Moore, the intertie’s ongi- neering firm, says he is looking for ideas on where the line should be built and what obstacles the in- tertie should avoid. The intertie itself won't have “big lattice tower structures,’ Tetherow said. Tustead, it will have either 80-by-60-foot steel towers, which look like an ''X,"" or 20-by-50-foot wooden frames in the shape of an “ey Tetherow said the coxm- mittee is trying to consider the recreati and visus: impacts of the intertie. A similar project con- necting Healy with Fair- banks is fi er along. Its budget is set at $70 million, including a $43.2 Million grant from the state. Construction will start next fall at the earli- est. An intertie to connect the Raitbelt em with the Copper Valley Electric Association has been mired in controversy and still awaits a state ruling or its feasibility. Currently there is no connection, and the roposed line along the lenn Highway from Sut- ton to G en has met fierce opposition from resi- dents along the route. It would be built with a $35 million interest-free state loan if the administration approves the deal. 03/18/96 14:05 FAX Boos - Cnupgacn fiectric Association Date: aa Laae Anchorage Daily News _ Page: 6-3 ] feTRO NEws .. - Le Chugach seeks public view on Interti ach Electric Associati D , in the Assembly Chambers at the Z.J. Loussac Chugach Ei ee aa Loree oe ee aa Library. An open house on the Kenai Peninsula will engineering ecial-interast : be conducted from 5:30 to 9:30 p.m. Feb. 1 in the a osed ppl ak gre eet aera Assembly Chambers of the Kenai Peninsula Borough tee enai Peninsula. According toa Dames & Moore Building, 144 N. Binkley Road. newsletter, the intertie would provide a more efficient distribution of electricity between the Bradley Lake Hydroelectric Project on the Kenai Peninsula and the rest of the Alaska Railbelt. In addition to Chugach customers, members of six other electric utilities would benefit: Homer Electric Association, M of Anchorage, Seward Electric System, Matanusika Electric Association, Golden Valley Electric Association and Fairbanks Municipal | Utilities. Two open houses are scheduled to explain | the project. The public will have an rtunity at that time to comment on route alternatives. The @ Anchorage open house is set for 5:30 to 9 p.m. Jan. 31 APPENDIX B Pa RE RAR A Vetch OE 2 A Ae CE ORIN TRE ETI ol recd 1/a¥leg & 2. Do you wane co remain on the project mailing lise? Yes aie No 3. Ifyou know uf someone who would be interested in providing comments or may want information regarding chis projece, please list their currence mailing address. Name: ALASKAN AVIATION SAFETY FOUNDATION Telephone number (optional): Address: 4550 Alrcralt Orive, #1A City, stare: fechatagp, Ain ONE Zip code: Organizacion they represent (if applicable): Please mail or fax this form by February 16, 1996 to: Niklas Raata Dames & Moore 5600 B Strect Anchorage, AK 99518 FAX: (800) 890-3470 If we do not hear from you we will assume you want to be removed from the list. em Thank you for youT comments. Tad 22c2 OPT BE : ‘ON SNOHd dSbu : WOYs Meetings O Notes L] Drafts L Reports/Deliverables L] Analysis/Calculations LO Drawings OX Photos LC] Reference Material L] QA/QC Checklist LJ Other Information Action Comments: Cow rmnhk— Lorn an eqmment Form COpy @ SOUTHERN INTERTIE PROJECT New Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line We would like to hear your views on che Souchern Intercie Project. If you would care to share your views, please cake a few minutes co fil] out this form and mail or fax ic to the address listed below. Name/Organization: Representative Nortan Rokeberg Address:State Capitol Rm 110 City, stace: Juneau, AK 99801 Zip code: Telephone number (optional): 465-4968 Dare: 1-26-96 He is at this address from Jan.~May see bottom for other address 1. Please list any comments or questions you may have concerning the proposed project. List any aspects, concerns, or issues ycu feel should be addressed. Can the existing right of way be used? x 2. Do you want to remain on the project mailing lise? Yes — No 3. If you know of someone who would be interested in providing comments or may want information regarding chis project, please list their current mailing address. Name: Representative Norman Rokeberg Telephone number (optional): 258-8191 Address:716 West 4th Ave. Ste 640 City, srate: Anchorage, AK _ Zip code: $9501 Organization they represent (if applicable): He is at this address from May 15-Jan. 1st Please mail or fax this form by February 16, 1996 to: Niklas Ranta Dames & Moore 5600 B Street Anchorage, AK 995!8 FAX: (800) 890-3470 @ If we do not hear from you we will assume you want ta be removed from the list. Thank you for your comments. aa | ALASKA STATE LEGISLATURE v House of Representatives COMMITTEE ASSIGNMENTS. TERIA 116 WEST 4TH AVENUE. SUTE 619 8 & GAS. CHAIRMAN ANCHORAGE. AX 96601 LABOR & COMMERCE, VICE CHAIRMAN ADMINSTRATIVE REGULATION REVIEW, VICE CHARMAN HEALTH. EDUCATION & SOCIAL SERVICES, MEMBER ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT. MEMBER PHONE: (907) 256-4181 FAX (GOT) 58-2816 SESSION STATE CAPTION JUNEAU, AK 05001-1142 PHONE 207) FAK (OT) 408-2040 Representative Norman Rokeberg JUST THE FAX Date: JAN 26 1996 4 O: FAX: Slat> Ind / Telephone FROM: __Representative Norman Rokeberg FAX: __ (907) 465-2040 Telephone:_(907) 465-4968 Number of Pages: = (including this page) Comments: Have A Nice Day Comment Form Cy, SOUTHERN INTERTIE PROJECT New Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line (4 We would like to hear your views on the Southern Intercie Project. [f you would care to share your views, please take a few minutes to fill out this form and mail or fax it to the address listed below. Name/Organization: Ken vee , Chugach vermere? Hores7- Address: ?3 0/ C OF SaarTE FOO City, state:‘Anckhonac ge, ty prrrad Zip code: FPF ORB Telephone number (optional): 29, 2957 Date: 47z re 1. lease list any comments or questions you may have concerning the proposed project. List any aspects, concerns, or issues you feel should be addressed. a Yes —— No 2. Do you want to remain on the project mailing list? 3. If you know of someone who would be interested in providing comments or may want information regarding this project, please list their current mailing address. Name: Telephone number (optional): Address: Cicy, stace: Zip code: Organization chey represent (if applicable): Please mail or fax this form by February 16, 1996 to: Niklas Ranta Dames & Moore 5600 B Street Anchorage, AK 99518 FAX: (800) 890-3470 If we do not hear from you we will assume you want to be removed from che list. Thank you for your comments. goo. CyHuGACH NATIONAL FOREST Fax CovER SHEET To: Milas Kaera Fax No.: 6 Fo-7Y7e DEPT * De gee» Aaerc PHONE No.: FRoM: K2b Lice Fax No.:: 27Y 7792 DEpT.: Llaurthe Puone No.: _272287 REMARKS: TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES (EXCLUDING COVER): / DATE SENT: ‘TIME: 29 ’96 69:46PM D L OSBORNE Ret Comment Form CO \v SOUTHERN INTERTIE PROJECT New Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line We would like co hear your views on the Southern Intertie Project. If you would care to share your views, please take a few minutes to fill our this form and mail or fax it co the address listed below, Name/Organization: <a Dan Osborne Address: 7? OR Goect City, stace: College Ak Zip code: 49 40 & Telephone number (optional): Date: 283a~ 96 \ 1. Please list any comments or questions you may have concerniag che proposed project. List any aspects, concerns, or issues you feel should be addressed. Nee Sa Te SS 3. If you know of someone who would be interested in providing comments or may want information regarding this project, please list their current mailing address. \Qy 2. Do you want to remain on the project mailing list? Yes No Name: Telephone number (optional): Address: City, scace: Zip code: Organization they represent (if applicabic): Please mail or fax this form by February 16, 1996 to: Niklas Ranta Dames & Moore 5600 B Strect Anchorage. AK 99518 FAX: (800) 890-3470 If we do not hear from you we will assume you want co be removed from the list. Thank you for your comments, — > Comment Form cor SOUTHERN INTERTIE PROJECT New Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line We would like to hear your views on the Southern Intertie Project. If you would care to share your views, please take a few minutes to fill out this form and mail or fax it to the address listed below. Name/Organization: tend Peninsula Builders Asseaatien Address: 20. Box 1453 City, state: Kenai, Alaska Zip code: G40! Telephone number (optional): Date: 1J29/46 1. Please list any comments or questions you may have concerning the proposed project. List any aspects, concerns, or issues you feel should be addressed. We would like to eontinue to receive information about this proposed Project, specifically “L the local home building inde ste y Would be impacted 1 in ais ee There weuld also be environmental concerns — z= 2. Do you want to remain on the project mailing list? Yes —— No 3. If you know of someone who would be interested in providing comments or may want information regarding this project, please list their current mailing address. Name: Telephone number (optional): Address: City, state: Zip code: Organization they represent (if applicable): Please mail or fax this form by February 16, 1996 to: Niklas Ranta Dames & Moore 5600 B Street Anchorage, AK 99518 FAX: (800) 890-3470 If we do not hear from you we will assume you want to be removed from the list. Thank you for yor-r conuments. oe gE On 0 SOOOCOOOL LOOT EN me oe An oN oe a - 7 Comment Form cor : SOUTHERN INTERTIE PROJECT New Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line We would like to hear your views on the Southern Intertie Project. If you would care to share your views, please take a few minutes to fill out this form and mail or fax it to the address listed below. 1. hs K x i Name/Organization: Thede Tebish [an cig lity of Ancheaged Qoomenil, Plannin’ + Address: * bs ble 6 _ . = Zz mis City, es: Ost sie 5 AK Zip code: g GES /9G 660 eee hey Telephone number (optional): ° Date: |-20-96 Please list any comments or questions you may have concerning the proposed project. List any aspects, concerns, or issues you feel should be addressed. lnsyhints hold tel if fl Maicppf Upily Con tor Poo be fessbo-aigubte Const! if MiP Carriles) case Yoke Sot) Amd festvatemn (4") Welenk 2: oeliasted, Vp fle (Wer fou, Mapai Lipo Witten Shad? ee “ Yui CapSpiloer fo [le POW OW WL nf be Nanna auld Copgle wad My Toe, TY IT Ting (Lapin back Kyte) ELOY TD, BY oor <A jw) reed tthe We Mie: 1004) 10278 JIAY AUG ET: Do you want to remain on the project mailing list? XK Yes —— No If you know of someone who would be interested in providing comments or may want information regarding this project, please list their current mailing address. Name: Telephone number (optional): Address: City, state: Zip code: Organization they represent (if applicable): Please mail or fax this form by February 16, 1996 to: Niklas Ranta Dames & Moore 5600 B Street Anchorage, AK 99518 FAX: (800) 890-3470 If we do not hear from you we will assume you want to be removed from the list. Thawk wan far vanr comments. 1/3) F Comment Form COPY Se SOUTHERN INTERTIE PROJECT New Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line We would like to hear your views on the Southern Intertie Project. If you would care to share your views, please take a few minutes to fill out this form and mail or fax it to the address listed below. Name/Organization: Newey Pease Address: 13301 Ridgewert Corcle. City, state: Armrchenge AK Zip code: 2753/6 Telephone number (optional): Date: /-31-7G6 1. Please list any comments or questions you may have concerning the proposed project. List any aspects, concerns, or issues you feel should be addressed. ; . wildlife . Turaag ain arm Shoreline, % iacludag the Po trey Sate ar Refuge, would be he aby in acted by omy everhead “teusmisgior lines . This sheeting J P ae mt cond the oy meurakiins ate a valugble scene Sear ce troairdg eayeyecl Ba and treasured by both Vistburs ancl cesiclents, The idee cf aa aerial Spar at Borel Point sheuid be clepped pesthesie. TF a Submarine burned capie at Burd Peat om Portes were wv be cons dered! fiarthes the cable sneuld man bumecl Wher ie leaves the Adal (manne ata and nek Pensihen to towe-s nhl ib is cut ef sight of | , alee ets x LAAs ale sd Gest deg iz dhaner the Seward (hahway Scere Byway cernder, Te aviul aestmenc cesiz - sr along Tamnegen hed and ia Chagecd date wats, the Benue StaNen Peat Peisessieq makes =. The cate payers cf the ublines thar advecaie thy pryect sheulel be clea> analysys of how ys Pryech will afhect Pharr electric rates. Ys Yes —— No see % 2. Do you want to remain on the project mailing list? 3. If you know of someone who would be interested in providing comments or may want information regarding this project, please list their current mailing address. Name: Telephone number (optional): Address: City, state: Zip code: Organization they represent (if applicable): Please mail or fax this form by February 16, 1996 to: Niklas Ranta Dames & Moore 5600 B Street Anchorage, AK 99518 FAX: (800) 890-3470 If we do not hear from you we will assume you want to be removed from the list. Thank you for your comments. Gi Comment Form ON ten. SOUTHERN INTERTIE ROJECT. New Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line: We would like to hear your views on the Southern Intertie Project. If you would care to share your views, please take a few. minutes.to fill out this form and mail or fax it to the address listed below. Name/Organization: “Dsw+: - Address; 3-2 16 SNe ie City, state: A ;_. rece Telephone outa (pany 4 fay 27 Please list any comments or questions you may have concerning the proposed project. List any aspects, concerns, or issues you feel should be addressed. ’ Zip code: <1 t fo" / Date: | / 2: /:€¢- Do you want to remain on the project mailing list? ae Yes —— No If you know of someone who would be interested in providing comments or may want information regarding this project, please list their current mailing address. Name: Telephone number (optional): Address: City, state: Zip code: Organization they represent (if applicable): Please mail or fax this form by February 16, 1996 to: Niklas Ranta Dames & Moore 5600 B Street Anchorage, AK 99518 FAX: (800) 890-3470 If we do not hear from you we will assume you want to be removed from the list. Thank you for your comments. Comment Form ae SOUTHERN INTERTIE PROJECT New Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line We would like to hear your views on the Southern Intertie Project. If you would care to share your views, please take a few minutes to fill out this form and mail or fax it to the address listed below. Name/Organization:” [2rc Cp nde |] ma ( [; onl YJ, L G4 k g— Address: f0. Box 1001200 / Maronal B A fi City, state: ANCnorac, <a, Ak Zip code: 995, 10-Q20©2 Telephone number (optional): Aos-a9! ‘a Date: /-3? GL 1. Please list any comments or questions you may have concerning the proposed project. List any aspects, concerns, or issues you feel should be addressed. we 2. Do you want to remain on the project mailing list? Yes —— No 3. If you know of someone who would be interested in providing comments or may want information regarding this project, please list their current mailing address. Name: Telephone number (optional): Address: City, state: Zip code: Organization they represent (if applicable): Please mail or fax this form by February 16, 1996 to: Niklas Ranta Dames & Moore 5600 B Street Anchorage, AK 99518 FAX: (800) 890-3470 If we do not hear from you we will assume you want to be removed from the list. Thank you for your comments. (/31 Comment Form or Om hene SOUTHERN INTERTIE PROJECT New Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line We would like to hear your views on the Southern Intertie Project. If you would care to share your views, please take a few minutes to fill out this form and mail or fax it to the address listed below. Name/Organization: DAW 20 /CEA /7. HPI. To Address: 14690 SOUTH PAIZIC ie Pp AG / pe IES (henner Aowenmes see City, state” sguc L4G Zip code) TF S/G Telephone number (optional): 7ys~ 7 xe Date: /-77 $y 1. Please list any comments or questions you may have concerning the proposed project. List any aspects, concerns, or issues you feel should be addressed. 2. Do you want to remain on the project mailing list? xX Yes —— No 3. If you know of someone who would be interested in providing comments or may want information regarding this project, please list their current mailing address. Name: Telephone number (optional): Address: City, state: Zip code: Organization they represent (if applicable): Please mail or fax this form by February 16, 1996 to: Niklas Ranta Dames & Moore 5600 B Street Anchorage, AK 99518 FAX: (800) 890-3470 If we do not hear from you we will assume you want to be removed from the list. Thank you for your comments. om 1/3) Open Comment Form EO Movie SOUTHERN INTERTIE PROJECT New Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line We would like to hear your views on the Southern Intertie Project. If you would care to share your views, please cake a few minutes to fill out this form and mail or fax it to the address listed below. Name/Organization: Fo Lie 47t700D Address: 4623/ CHASE west LY City, state: ANC HORSCE 44. Zip code: PP EVE Telephone number (optional): 32ys-ofe7% Date: /—24+ 76 1. Please list any comments or questions you may have concerning the proposed project. List any aspects, concerns, or issues you feel should be addressed. eS 2 AA pale: See ony Phyjeg in Thee pouting Jecatio— rege ding avoiding clhsse rootnd threegh en nea resilectel heveme /Srbchvise 4s + The electomas neke Relf js 4 see ° . ahicl neces to be abless& gn Tle ater A oll ves Pe. ) the reohy shovlA wer Ad will wo decree = . 5 a Senses eases hezerd on tT esd. oer valved« 2. Do you want to remain on the project mailing list? = Yes —— No 3. If you know of someone who would be interested in providing comments or may want information regarding this project, please list their current mailing address. Name: Telephone number (optional): Address: City, state: Zip code: Organization they represent (if applicable): Please mail or fax this form by February 16, 1996 to: Niklas Ranta Dames & Moore 5600 B Street Anchorage, AK 99518 FAX: (800) 890-3470 If we do not hear from you we will assume you want to be removed from the list. Thank you for your comments. FEB @1 ’96 @8:44AM ALCAN ELECTRIC 907-562-6286 euit Comment Form cor SOUTHERN INTERTIE PROJECT New Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line We would like to hear your views on the Southern Incertie Project. If you would care co share your views, please cake a few minutes to fill our chis form and mail or fax ir to the address listed below. Name/Orpanizacion: Keucn Degh- - ~A lean Electrol 4 Sig ureeice cot Address: C@FO Arctic Sp Rad J Zip code: YUSVE City. state: Anchors je Alesha ‘Telephone aumber (orfcional): 24. ae wegil Dare: /-37- 96 36% io a7 -Lfep 1. Please list any comments of questions oem may have concerning Lo. concerns, or issucs you fens should be addressed. D wsay atyuore prrer fectearn, wag ich, Vary axel! done. z= do henner, bowe a coun uta Cire . Co woods Zor Fun times eae “ bs push feahe tls pt Za onde Le aes qo tr centages | ee vedas gud dime 5, heey deus be Be ley Mee? Leual lots Lie Nats + Belts ze wally , “Tre. old us’ hae cs Lal burs dawn Te bee breve, (2 Seee lg smvolel) ix te ptsioetedesn a Pu adh lake. We. borg fouudl bore haen RCvOss “Aras, rus del ot ar va wine we th, 5 brands lorela. < Ce Ltn, bovchee poles Cermagi ome. Has wi la Winn, un Seme med pes cud Keun Vx. lake te cee Beluga wot lie. Ples Peres Wis ARQ need) eo velialele Lie eel to Ye a a al Yes —— No the proposed project. List any tw Do you want to remain on the project mailing list? 3. If you know of somcone who would be interested in providing comments or may want information regarding this projece. please lise their currence mailing address. Name: Telephone number (options: Address: City, state: Organization they represents (if applicable): Zip cude: Please mail or fax thts form by February }6, 1996 to: Noklas Rania Dames & $600 B Street Anchorage. AK 995158 FAX: (ROO) 89-3479 oore If we do not hear from you we will assume you want co be removed from the hist. recd Comment Form COPY Ale SOUTHERN INTERTIE PROJECT New Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line We would like to hear your views on the Southern Intertie Project. If you would care to share your views, please take a few minutes to fill out this form and mail or fax it to the address listed below. Name/Organization: BAZ BAIZA A. Wemw!le J ReCaCne Address: }U65/ FOnw Hite Chere City, state: BUCHOAA CE , AK Zip code: 7 7 Sh Telephone number (optional): 345 /° 77 Date: //3 4/96 1. Please list any comments or questions you may have concerning the proposed project. List any aspects, concerns, or issues you feel should be addressed. x Lippe ERIM RESIDEITIAL ARGAS; COMeOUT * FUTUR a, KorP | : Use FHSTING pithy se way wens Lines Acncro b. OST ose ppusTaliAL RNGAS = DG GOV D ce a ON 0m TAUSIVG as poss B 7 ae iS one. A In SOME ANAS == Cosiva cons DaATEN SECON DALY ‘ We KX euwace Anes Sifulo Be GoGo ‘ACS 1 0EVT/AL Ror, NOT DEVE LO’ED x 3. Ifyou know of someone who would be interested in providing comments or may want information regarding this project, please list their current mailing address. 2. D i hi j ailing list? o you want co remain on the project mailing list Yes — No P6856 ADD we L Name: Telephone number (optional): Address: City, state: Zip code: Organization they represent (if applicable): Please mail or fax this form by February 16, 1996 to: Niklas Ranta Dames & Moore 5600 B Street Anchorage, AK 99518 FAX: (800) 890-3470 If we do not hear from you we will assume you want to be removed from the list. Thank you for your comments. Comment Form COp ie SOUTHERN INTERTIE PROJECY New Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line We would like to hear your views on the Southern Intertie Project. If you would care to share your views, please take a few minutes to fill out this form and mail or fax it co the address listed below. Name/Organization: Hers Ff Cap _ LANG CONMSOLTING- Address: 2//3 Balauh D City, state: - AK Zip code: PROT? Telephone number (optional): Date: $x 2794 749 U3 VS 1. Please list any comments or questions you may have concerning the proposed project. List any aspects, concerns, or issues you feel should be addressed. 2 seppoeribe foterhe. Comnearfs aX Fedays hears 23arZ5 Sebrumanvrne cable are rex Scena cally Keasetlef? PI Lire ol /e//ate ex$Firg LLY Re. Sf P75 om coor curhe ae. Jess1& le 7 A727 PMOUL/)> en > Sligle erens. Meee || IF leek! || ae GPE Alaska Dist - Se tad a *Adle Awer weyecek a Bire/ out fF cavese eray (2% 26h 4x fe ay C €a/reacd, Fowen 92s, Tana feraps lands Fer Frens rasesion fowes € ferg $PoHrs J C2 ove ecm More AKL Tadao. pre Gleus .. bet cor // wn tine. Cry Cncletey/ jPxfer usy” be of fel. vail | oe 2. Do you want to remain on the project mailing list? Yes —— No 3. If you know of someone who would be interested in providing comments or may want information regarding this project, please list their current mailing address. Name: Telephone number (optional): Address: City, state: Zip code: Organization they represent (if applicable): Please mail or fax this form by February 16, 1996 to: Niklas Ranta Dames & Moore 5600 B Street Anchorage, AK 99518 FAX: (800) 890-3470 If we do not hear from you we will assume you want to be removed from the list. Thank you for your comments. P eurT UOlsstusuvsIL, U[NsutUag wus OF asvJOYIUY MINT ee i LOafOud JILYALNI NYFHLNOS JAe ST aus ser (5S loUN J? 2. ALi ge mee ace ross JOVI See era? ( Shorf Ge} cab/e ren) F cela 7e Robin ~ os abug eves JBax2 store of Kenrar also fas accord, 2s acors, arvc5<uc, ty ¥ eernake rere ve SktsHing “F— “Cine fas Aeernn fh LY eff be Of tafe re Jo see Awces yee trl! precesse” cans CBee V2?C SCloe Krow, o “y Ps SP so reclorss. 81666 MV ‘e8ei0yuy OOT a3Ng “39235 g OOS Se lee’ aIOOW 2 sawed e Life Memper (EEE Memoer ASPE & NAFE HENRY P. LANG, P.-E. Consuitting Electrical Engineer Speciatizing in Forensic 2117 Belaw Drive Anchorage. Alaska 99517 Tet/Fax (907) 274-7448 7 " April 14,1995 Subject: Position Paper/Field Survey by H.P.Lang, 4/05/95 Low-frequency Electromagnetic Fields. Also (ELF) Instrument: Triaxial ELF Field Monitor 50D Walker Scientific (readings in milligaus) tel S08 852-3674 References: A-Paper by Bernie Claus,1/5/95, Subject: Long term exposure to ELFEMF's B-IEEE Spectrum, Dec.94, Today's view of electromagnetic fields by Tekla S. Perry, Senior Editor. Ref. B introduction: “ The data are puzzling. Cancers or other health problems may be linked to a persons long-term exposure to low-frequency electromagnetic fields. But while study after study-nearly a hundred now-has investigated the possibility, anomalous results make a clear conclusion elusive---". e Ref. A cives specific guidelines on examples of specific hazards. The author also advises prudent avoidance and further occupational considerations. My main objective was to investigate our sons‘ apartment in Juneau since they have electric baseboard heating and our daughter-in-law is a seamstress doing long periods of sewing as part of her cottage industry making moose-dolls. The following ELF readings are noted: Room ambient, all--000mg Sewing machine, near head--4640mg {ltt Blender--130mqg, 1 ft in front--30mg Washing machine--1mg Electric Dryer--47mg, out 3ft--3mg Vacuum cleaner,tank type,--140mg, at 3ft, 8mg Electric hand-drill--340mg Fl. desk lamp transf.--G@mg, 2 ft away--1img Video display front--3mg, 2 ft in front-~-1mg back--50mg, 3 ft behind--1mg 469kv line, hor. stand-off insul, 2@00ft from the apt.measured under the line.--—3mg I went to Sen. Lehmans' office and chatted with him on this subject; left copies of ref A&B. His microwave front N\. measured--40Omg and 2 ft in front--3mg. The VDT, back S0Omg! ! front-——4mg. 2S. Peter Lang made a survey at his office. Spark room UPS —-750mg!!!, 1 ft back--120mg!!'!. I offer no solutions to the office problems other than to have the local utility conduct an independent survey. As to Our sons' apartment, I will contact the sewing machine manufacturer to see if mu-metal shielding might be a solution. To all other interested parties, I suggest they read the references noted and form their own solutions for “prudent avoidance" already suggested in the references. Our son is presently restricting Tv viewing to 3ft in front of the screen. The duration of the vacuum cleaner and other small appliance use has a short time exposure and should not present a hazard. Ref B: Ms Eleanor Adair, chair of IEEE's Committee on Man and Radiation: "As studies become better controlled, and study larger populations, the risk ratias are getting smaller, I would be ready to draw a conclusion right now- that there is no link there.“ This statement is ambiguous if not read ccarefully. I would also advise that in schools, VDT's not be placed back-to-back without further survey and that all monitors in the future comply with the Swedish standards(see ref A). For now, consider anti-radiation and glare shields where prudent distance cannot be maintained. The local Electric Utilities should be advised to have their safety engineers review the references and conduct appropriate surveys. /. Henr\/P. Lang P fi 4aas Ke ay i KkKaca/ LN HES , Pal a, SK Ar semena on SOLE = Peete ip Frtuces? Lite Memoer IEEE HENRY P. LANG, Pe. Consulting Elecincal Engineer Specializing in Forensic 2117 Bela Drive Ancnorage. Alaska 99517 KH le rer, SAt$ +5 ante Be O43 hed te <eKLers Ye Lre2.F4. Dearly Aferees § pee lserxr Y1f9S 10 AARP Per 4Ae WV tne ¢ free ¢ everlead efremarning ne - bet birds are Carte 7 ish OR? oe was cause - v7 Outage caused by birds? I am responding to the article “‘Out- age remains mystery; utility studies ways to hasten response” (Aug. 24). As an electrical power engineer in private practice, having more than 30 years of power generation, transmission and sub- station design experience, I offer my insight into this problem for all parties to consider. The power-line outage may well have been caused by birds resting in the tower members and ‘‘dropping’’ their “do-do”" on the insulators, causing an “are over” of power to the metal tower ground. Rain will wash the insulators clean again, making it difficult for linemen to spot the source of trouble. I discussed a similar problem with the manager of the Juneau Light and Power Co. recently when it had eagle ‘“‘do-do” problems on its 138-kilovolt transmis- sion-line towers. Getting power back more quickly is the major problem, which needs to be addressed with priority should we be faced with an earthquake knocking down transmission-line towers or cut- ting underground utilities (gas, tele phone, power). I was the federal disaster officer who helped restore power to Bethel in De- cember 1975, when its power plant burned to the ground in minus40 tem- peratures. The standby power genera- tors failed to start at the hospital and the airport. While employed by Chugach from 1983 to 1987, we were in the process of Member ASPE & NAFE Tet’ Fax (907) 274-7448 Uygieieons combining the Municipal Light and Pow- er and Chugach utilities. The concept bad financial merit. In light of this recent disaster, one power-dispatch cen- ter properly trained to respond to disas- ters could have minimized the power- outage period. — Henry P. Lang, P.E. Fallure mystery solved “Outage remains mystery,"’ says the headline in the Aug. 24 article about the Railbelt-wide power failure that oc- Anche aly ecw eursedion Aug. 22. Mystery? I wonder. Check out the article in September's Popular Science titled ‘‘The Secret Agenda of a Military Project in Alaska."’ This is the “. . little known Pentagon-sponsored radio-phys- ics project, called the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) ..." It's an “... array of 36 antennas ... that stretches hundreds of miles across central Alaska ... and now undergoing testing ..." One of its functions is to act asa‘... ‘soft-kill’ weapon system using ELF (Extremely Low Frequency) waves ... to overload power-distribution grids ..."' So, folks, maybe this is just our military playing around with its new toy! — Steve Williams Milt did it I believe I have the missing piece ta Chugach’s mystery puzzle surrounding the far-reaching outage on Tuesday af- ternoon, Aug. 22. It all boils down to a pot of beans we were preparing in the crock pot, but which we forgot to switch to “high.” Milt, my husband, went home, switched the crock pot to “high,” and whoosh, the very instant he turned that switch, the electricity failed — everywhere. Milt feels terrible, and I now wish I had never suggested we have beans for supper on Tuesday. Those canned beans were a sorry substitute. Our apologies to Chugach and the people of Alaska. — Sue Byrd ite P Comment Form COs _ SOUTHERN INTERTIE PROJECT” New Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line Nae CEN EAVIE We would like to hear your views on the Southern Intertie Project. If you would-careito s are your views, please take a few minutes to fill out chis form and mail or fax it to the address listed“below. DAMES @& MOORE Name/Organization: Richard LeFebvre State DNR Division of Land: (also same address for Address: 3601 C Street Ste. #1122 Linda Medeiros) City, state: Anchorage, AK 99503-5947 Zip code: 7 Telephone number (optional): Date: 2/1/96 1. Please list any comments or questions you may have concerning the proposed project. List any aspects, concerns, or issues you feel should be addressed. 2. Do you want to remain on the project mailing list? —X— Yes —W— No 3. If you know of someone who would be interested in providing comments or may want information regarding this project, please list their current mailing address. Name: Bruce Talbott Telephone number (optional): Address: 3601 C Street Ste: #1130 City, state:Anchorage, AK 99502-5947 Zip code: Organization they represent (if applicable): DNR - Division of Land Please mail or fax this form by February 16, 1996 to: Niklas Ranta Dames & Moore 5600 B Street Anchorage, AK 99518 FAX: (800) 890-3470 If we do not hear from you we will assume you want to be removed from the list. Thank you for your comments. Comment Form Cop SOUTHERN INTERTIE PROJECT ¥ New Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line We would like to hear your views on the Southern Intertie Project. If you would care to share your views, please take a few minutes to fill out this form and mail or fax it to the address listed below. Name/Organization; (unt Wedrotd P ro. Quucactin. Sue. Address: (p 1@ 0 d bk Daten City, state: Qk Oxf, Ok Zip code: G9 SOF Telephone number (optional): 4/9 —Yuz-> Date: >| l [9e 1. Please list any comments or questions you may have concerning the proposed project. List any aspects, concerns, or issues you feel should be addressed. 7 2. Do you want to remain on the project mailing list? x Yes —— No 3. If you know of someone who would be interested in providing comments or may want information regarding this project, please list their current mailing address. Name: Telephone number (optional): Address: City, state: Zip code: Organization they represent (if applicable): Please mail or fax this form by February 16, 1996 to: Niklas Ranta Dames & Moore 5600 B Street Anchorage, AK 99518 FAX: (800) 890-3470 If we do not hear from you we will assume you want to be removed from the list. Thank you for your comments. FEB-G2-96 FRI az:4az Fle. Comment Form cores "Wee SOUTHERN INTERTIE PROJECT New Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line We would like co hear your views on che Southern Intertie Project. If you would care co shace yout views, please take a few minutes to fill out chis form and mail or fax it co che address listed below. NanelOrguition: KG n Lancerfer—Mayer x ty of Soldofne Address: [77-8 ore Ke Ciey, state: (2 Jdotirer Wis 77EbF Zip code: Telephone number (optional): Dae: 2-/-7 ie fo7 260 3575 1. Please list any comments or questions you may have concerning the proposed project. Lise any aspects, concerns, or issues you feel should be addressed. ov teia Shav ld be DF fore. en ed Lene, ree rab Do ct v1 G-as Line Jr Noe t4 [EP ia Sigzke have Substation aie ve Se Fs we To Ross dents 7 the Area. 2. Do you wane to remain on the ptojece mailing list? IG Yes eer No 3. If you know of someone who would be interested in providing comments or may want information regarding this projecc, please lise cheir current mailing address. Name: Telephone number (oprional): Address: City, stace: Zip cade: Organization they represenc (if applicable): Please mail or fax this form by February 16, 1996 to: Niklas Ranta Dames & Moore $600 B Streer Anchorage, AK 99518 FAX: (800) 890-3470 If we do not hear from you we will assume you want to be removed from the lise. Thank you for your comments. @2-01-1996 a2: 1S5PM FROM Ta 120238903478 Boat | _Comment Bonn cor { SOUTHERN I INTERTIE PROJECT New fnchorege to b Kehai Peninsula Transmission Line allt i a : i : 5 { We would like to hear your views on the Southern Intertie Project. If you would cate to share your views, please take a few minutes to fill out this form and mail or fax it to the address listed below. Nanelrgainon Sexi HANGAMELL TEAILSIDE. Ditcon ery Address: S14 WG Ave. Ste. Zo! City, sdate: ANCuEeAGE } Ae : Zip code: 39 So! Telephone number (optional: | ; Date: 2.1.9G . i 1. Please llise any comments or questions. you may have concerning the proposed project. List any aspects, concerns, or issuesiyou' feel should be addressed. } to LIFE TS. LeMea, Mate AGT Tt N&ED = JeARCTS, | ee) TAR Tila POSAL | ALTELN AWE , Fissse Kose AS NLR a AU SAD ESeonES AVMACLE., F2Ase NC Upe HAPS OF Peoposer ZourS ay AcTeLATONS| T Suge BxISTING LIGHTS -f-WAY , fo oda i i 2. Do you want to remain onithe project mailing list? tO Yes -——— Np 3. If you know-of someone who would be interested in providing comments or may wait information regarding chis| Ipeaject, please list their current mailing address. ! t Name ; : Telephone number (optional): ' Address: : : : | City, s syate: i. i Zip code: 3 Organizacign they cepresesi Gf; epplicabe): Please mail ¢ or fax this form by February 16, 1996 to: | Niklas Ranta | 1 Dames & Moore \ . 5600 B Street Anchorage, AK 99518 i i FAX: (800) 890-3470 If we do not hear from you we will assume vou want to be removed from the list. ' | ! Thank you for your conzuents, FEB. 7 ’96 10:13AM 967 283 843 ork Comment Form CO, SOUTHERN INTERTIE PROJECT New Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line We would like to hear your views on the Southern Intertie Projece. If you would care co share your views, please take a few minutes co fill out this forma and mail or fax ic co che address listed below. ee eee i, wf uf = bo pwbercle Address: Y). Box 6 45- / City, state: KEyiyt wh g¢¢bll- ob 7S Zip code: ‘lelephone number (optional): Date: P/N Gf 1. Please list any comments or questions you may have concerning the proposed project. List any aspects, concerns, or issues you feel _ be addressed. SMe! et *pragie > weet wheel pAece Led gt een Me pred — Se LhreLek fe em athe Cteeter that £4. aN awl teen _nank HG kote Thi 7 eee a LA Arte NOT seyihltt A pat 4 ee v- | har. ee Lar dee! at a at ethader “a Le tH. Sagat panenToead! A thetszt_.. Octol. goa A fisd ee y = A Lbbne Che wart <d te Cnabtuchds Lf be. beyrig a Ltt Lt, Cfse Zhe pipe ete y Ry 1) f 2. Do you want to remain on the project mailing list? xX Yes —— No 3. Ifyou know of someone who would be interested in providing comments or may want information regarding this project, please list cheir current mailing address. Name: Telephone number (optional): Address: City, state: Zip code: Organization they represent (if applicable): Please mail or fax this form by February 16, 1996 ro: Niklas Ranta Dames & Moore 5000 B Street Anchorage, AK 99518 FAX: (#00) 890-3470 If we do not hear from you we will assume you want to be removed trom che list. Thank you for your comments. Comment Form cor @ SOUTHERN INTERTIE PROJECT Né@¥v Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line reed /e/nk We would like to hear your views on che Southern Intercie Project. If you would care to share your views, please cake a few minutes co fill our chis form and mail or fax it co che address listed below. Name/Organization: Tiamy JS redisow Address; “S320; 4emeee RY City, seater 4#Croatce AIO FISH Zip code: F7FT 5% Telephone number (optjonal): Date: 2-37 Se GO7- MS SSYS/ BY 5-298 Please list any comments or questions you may have concerning che proposed project. List any aspects, concerns, or issues you feel should be addressed. LAM emeennad 2shect he route Sf the Lafatre, Perk cube wha: Ainckearpe. LL AM Very muck ofprsed fo erassiny She Yow ex Pl) side (a4 ch HVWtAS Fae l oa’ Auinnuned pf Ress h th sivanet Grave eye), TR porte Preresy (lw AB llseuly re nbok 4 ayprre/ ray g a7 Admes. Do you want to remain on the project mailing lise? a Yes No If you know of someone who would be interested in providing comments or may want information regarding chis project, please lise cheit current mailing address. Name: Telephone number (optional): Address: City, state: Zip code: Organization chey represenc (if applicable): Please mail or fax this form by February 16, 1996 to: Niklas Ranta Dames & Moore 5600 B Street Anchorage, AK 99518 FAX: (800) 890-3470 If we do nor hear from you we will assume you want to be removed from the lise. Thank you for your comments. seen mee ok - se ene = ena tsetse mag ae TEST Comment Form > COpy SOUTHERN INTERTIE PROJECT New Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line We would like to hear your views on the Southern Intertie Project. If you would care to share your views, please take a few minutes co fill oue chis form and mail or fax it co the address Jisted below, Name/Organization: Mind lavin | MUoKeS ty Atiska Address: 72S Chntteasen dr. #Y v City, state: Oych AK Zip code: FF 3 / Telephone number (optional): Tey Date: 2-6-% 1. Please list any comments or questions you may have concetning the proposed project. List any aspects, concerns, or issues you feel should be addressed, “Troe pec po ged bach - roa “ melude poka : Spit bank e ~butiin ina | no 2. Do you want to remain on the project mailing list? Xe Yes ——— No 3. If you know of someone who would be interested in providing comments or may want information regarding this project, please list cheit current mailing address Name: Telephone number (opcional): Address: City, state: Zip code: Organization they represent (if applicable): Please mail or fax this form by February 16, 1996 to: Nitdas Ranta Dames & Moore 5600 B Street Anchorage, AK 9951S PAX: (800) 890-3470 If we do not hear from you we will assume you want to be removed from the list. Thank you for your comments, 02/05/96 10:19 FAX 9072834575 RONS AK LODGE ul Comment Form COQpy, SOUTHERN INTERTIE PROJECT New Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line We would like to hear your views on the Southern Incercie Projecc. [f you would care to share your views, please rake a few minutes to fill cue chis form and mail or fax it to the address listed below. Name/Organization: Koo Ke He y Address: 7 0. Box 2004 City, seace: Kewa/, AK. Zip code: PAG / / Telephone number (optional): (GO 2) AS SB-4¢573 Date: 1. Please lise any comments or questions you may have concerning the proposed project. Lise any aspects, concerns, or issues you feel should be addressed. y. 2. Do you want to remain on the project mailing lise? oye —— No 3. If you know of someone who would be interesred in providing comments or may want informacion regarding chis project, please list their current mailing address. Name: Telephone number (optional): Address: Ciry, scate: Zip code: Organization they represent (if applicable): Please mail or fax this form by February 16, 1996 to: Niklas Ranta Dames & Moore 5600 B Sercet Anchorage, AK 99518 FAX: (800) 890-3470 If we do not hear from you we will assume you want to be removed trom the list. Thank you for your comments. Comment Form SQpy, SOUTHERN INTERTIE PROJECT (¢ New Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line We would like to hear your views on the Southern Intertie Project. If you would care to share your views, please take a few minutes to fill out this form and mail or fax it to the address listed below. Name/Organization: FRANK Gk TWES daicae tO OX GO reece a7, City, state: ANCHORAGE, Ark Zip code: Y@ TO?-O0O22zT Telephone number (optional): Dates 2 —GZ- 16 Si Sia ois ie 1. Please list any comments or questions you may have concerning the proposed project. List any aspects, concerns, or issues you feel should be addressed. A) iL STROW6tY WROE YOU TO srHny Eryn THE- =yrs7/vV/G VES KUEN Ef OCD Freon: COOPER LAWOING yo AVCHORAGE, an, 1 liietwiage, Geo’ an KE Criwta Y 47 2g 8) J ee S7T/2ON GLY FAvoR Ceth4e Frems LDosws aa EVEINGERING SUPPORT awe COW STEUCTCON, x (wenth hh Deel he G Keww wtih Local Cetecentenes Arete, Ctten _ertaad —enr tty Ohece 2. Do you want to remain on the project mailing list? 3. If you know of someone who would be interested in providing comments or may want information regarding this project, please list their current mailing address. ey Name: Telephone number (optional): CL Address: City, state: Zip code: Organization they represent (if applicable): Please mail or fax this form by February 16, 1996 to: Niklas Ranta Dames & Moore 5600 B Street \ Anchorage, AK 99518 FAX: (800) 890-3470 If we do not hear from you we will assume you want to be removed from the list. Thank you for your comments. Comment Form COPy SOUTHERN INTERTIE PROJECT New Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line We would like to hear your views on the Southern Intertie Project. If you would care to share your views, please take a few minutes to fill out this form and mail or fax it to the address listed below. Cup: tal Resouree Associates Name/Organization: 4/,5aro E.GARONER Address: ICGIGQ Kenn Spar Nwy y F# 494 City, state: Kena , AK Zip code: 7 F 6 // Telephone number (optional): Ge 2) F7TC*SS5GF Date: 2/t /ae Please list any comments or questions you may have concerning the proposed project. List any aspects, concerns, or issues you feel should be addressed. EF know erg WH about this at present, but want fo kn CLS jneres Do you want to remain on the project mailing list? | Yes —— No If you know of someone who would be interested in providing comments or may want information regarding this project, please list their current mailing address. Name: Telephone number (optional): Address: City, state: Zip code: Organization they represent (if applicable): Please mail or fax this form by February 16, 1996 to: Niklas Ranta Dames & Moore 5600 B Street Anchorage, AK 99518 FAX: (800) 890-3470 If we do not hear from you we will assume you want to be removed from the list. Thank you for your comments. Comment Form COp SOUTHERN INTERTIE PROJEC New Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line We would like to hear your views on the Southern Intertie Project. If you would care to share your views, please cake a few minutes to fill ouc this form and mail or fax it to the address listed below. Name/Organization: Charlie Kimmel, City Electric, Inc. Address: 819 Orca St., Anchorage, AK 99501 City, state: Zip code: Telephone number (optional): (907) 264-6411 Date: February 6, 1996 Please list any comments or questions you may have concerning the proposed project. List any aspects, concerns, or issues you feel should be addressed. xX Do you want to remain on the project mailing list? Yes —— No If you know of someone who would be interested in providing comments or may want information regarding this project, please list their current mailing address. Name: Telephone number (optional): Address: City, state: Zip code: Organization they represent (if applicable): TTT EIT Please mail or fax this form by February 16, 1996 to: Niklas Ranta Dames & Moore 5600 B Street Anchorage, AK 99518 FAX: (800) 890-3470 If we do not hear from you we will assume you want to be removed from the list. Thank you for your comments. Comment Form COp yee al erl 4 SOUTHERN INTERTIE PROJECT New Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line We would like to hear your views on the Southern Intertie Project. If you would care to share your views, please take a few minutes to fill out this form and mail or fax it to the address listed below. Name/Organization: Kile Cenoews GO kazakor Address: TO Box 24286 ( City, state: ANeworace AK Zip code: 4% 5Z4 Telephone number (optional): Date. 2/7/FE 1. Please list any comments or questions you may have concerning the proposed project. List any aspects, concerns, or issues you feel should be addressed. Con ¢rnck abonk AQ, actiiics enh] tm paebr oa Gor igh tates 2. Do you want to remain on the project mailing list? =i Yes —— No 3. If you know of someone who would be interested in providing comments or may want information regarding this project, please list their current mailing address. Name: Telephone number (optional): Address: City, state: Zip code: Organization they represent (if applicable): Please mail or fax this form by February 16, 1996 to: Niklas Ranta Dames & Moore 5600 B Street Anchorage, AK 99518 FAX: (800) 890-3470 If we do not hear from you we will assume you want to be removed from the list. Thank you for your comments. FEB-@8-1996 16:10 REDI ELECTRIC, INC. 1 967 S63 8467 Comment Form COpy, SOUTHERN INTERTIE PROJECT New Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line P.61 We would like to hear your views on che Southern Incercie Projecc. If you weuld care co share your views, please take a few minutes co fill out this form and mai) or fax it co the address listed below. Name/Organization: ReEDI Elecreasc Inc. Atal: Mike BurLer Address: @1S/ A ST. City, seate: Anch 4K Zip code: CP SWF Telephone number (optional): 2641-32357 Dae: Q-g-¢é 1. Please list any comments or questions you may have concerning che proposed project. List any aspects, concerns, or issues you feel should be addressed. 2. Do you wanc to remain on the project mailing Jist? x Yes No 3. If you know of someone who would be interested in providing comments or may want information regarding chis project, please list their current mailing address. Name: Telephone number (optional): Address: City, state: Zip code: Organization they represenc (if applicable): pr Please mail or fax this form by February 16, 1996 co: Niklas Ranta Dames & Movre 5600 B Steect Anchorage, AK 99518 FAX: (890) 890-3470 If we do nor hear from you we will assume vou wane to be removed trom the list. Thank you for your comments. TITS 20M : THE NATURE CONSERVANCY OF AK PHONE NO. : 9@7 276 2584 Feb. 12 1996 03:26PM P1 Comment Form COQpy, SOUTHERN INTERTIE PROJECT New Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line We would like co hear your views on che Southern Intercic Project. If you would care to share your views, please take a few minutes to fil] out chis form and mail or fax it co the address listed below. . LL here aw enn. Name/Organization: (A-/¢ Mey enstern A The a Tl) ne He 6 Address: 4¥2¢ FU. !° Ave Sak a0 City, state: Arn hvny AK TISO¢ Zip code: Telephone number (optional): 276 -3/373 Dare: aftr fel 1. Please list any comments or questions you may have concerning the proposed project. List any aspects, concerns, or issues you feel should be addressed. val 3. If you know of someone who would be interested in providing comments or may want information regarding this project, please list their current mailing address. No 2. Do you want co remain on the projece mailing list? Name: Telephone number (optional): Address: ae City, stace: Zip code: Organization they represent (if applicable): Please mail or fax this form by February16, 1996 co: Niklas Ranta Dames & Moore 3600 B Strcet Anchorage. AK 99518 FAX: (S00! 890-3470 If we do not hear from you we will assume you want co be removed from the list. Thank you for your comments. cd i Comment Form COPE iohs SOUTHERN INTERTIE PROJECT ( New Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line We would like co hear your views on the Southern Incertie Project. If you would care to share your views, please take a few minutes co fill ouc this form and mail or fax it co che address listed below. Name/Organization: We. 97 OCA bes e- Address: #7? CO Bon Y2/ : . . ee ee City, stace: CGE LTD ytd wa Zipcode: Y 7_7 7 2 Telephone number (optional): | ; : Date: -7- ya = De, UT 75 (Ye ae 1. Please list any comments or questions you may have concerning the proposed project. List any aspects, concerns, or issues you feel should be addressed. BINS EGY Sadp Fite Ben re BFPO Sy T0IY Vi, oo. . POMPT Ok COM C FF KE ees AO EP THY jr TIPE L746 YT io ‘A. — ow, Le: he al a4 = a 7 Pat tl fF > pt = aa a = - on - , 7 TOL BLL poe PLE fad £-O-6& ltd ep? ? ( Bee SD, ae bee, LWA a ey) Py a a aA ie WN RAIEL ia VE a fo = iw IY a C 2 Stee ale s ° “ ‘ OOO EE iP OOPS FO OGLE PEMA EB DPI FE pe 6 PRPTO 2. Do you want to remain on the project mailing list? xX Yes —— No 3. If you know of someone who would be interested in providing comments or may want informacion regarding this project, please list their current mailing address. Name: Telephone number (optional): Address: City, stace: Zip code: Organization they represent (if applicable): Please mail or fax this form by February 16, 1996 co: Niklas Ranta Dames & Moore 5600 B Street Anchorage, AK 99518 FAX: (800) 890-3470 If we do not hear from you we will assume you want to be removed from the list. Thank you for your comments. ar Comment Form SOpys4 2M (46 SOUTHERN ENG BRT LEP RO TEC © New Anchorage to Kenai Peninsula Transmission Line We would like co hear your views on the Southern Intertie Project. If you would care to share your views, please cake a few minutes to fill ouc chis form and mail or fax it to the address listed below. Wame/Craaieatcn tJ Sw ec ; aes -. ae Address: ALT, GH Bey Ses »? City, seate: Sued AK Gait Zip code: Telephone number (optional): Dace: > /; PSV AP ac ie 1. Please list any comments or questions you may have concerning the proposed project. List any a aspects, coacerns, or issues you feel should be addressed. wd ae ; AGH | Sale KER Qu aGN Cora Kanin A ‘ Dee aees N 4 ; \ ae: ‘1 (\ ® i : a Ave cho ane aan tea pe Ree A ) Rey) SMSO NL Sa eae wh ef a? NA whe eed Mra t WELLE y ASV rbeuth Ukacy ee ee CA ~ el ll - oY se Nea nin lines (me ANG Comalucts Me \ RE poe aie } ni wher Rav CON) iM Mt | @. Nim, BOuw pie, ANA adn i PW une ee Kea, A 2. De you wane to remain on the project mailing lise? iL Yes —— ‘No 3. If you know of someone who would be interested in providing comments or may want information regarding chis project, please list cheir current mailing address. Mame geek ee ten Telephone number (optional): Address: 32% S\I ; City, seace: Sed, OAK Zip code: (AeELh Ona “they a aaa Gif applicable): ; bol 4 Ane Please mail or fax this form by February 16, 1996 to: Niklas Ranta Dames & Moore 5600 B Screet Anchorage, AK 99518 FAX: (800) 890-3470 If we do not hear from you we will assume you want to be removed from the list. Thank you for your comments. COpy, Niklas Ranta 19 Feburary 1996 Dames & Moore 5600 B Street Anchorage AK 99518 SOUTHERN INTERTIE PROJECT In considering the options available to connect Bradley Lake to the rest of the Alaska Railbelt only two routes are possible. 1.) Upgrade and-reinforce the exsisting highway route. 2.) Use the coastal route from Kenai to Point Possession. In 1964 Congress approved a Refuge boundary change which includes the coast from the East Foreland ta Point Possession. This was done to provide a corridor for utility system development. The Mystery Creek route is not an option for the following reasons; i.) The Intertie would pass through four Refuge units totalling 826,400 acres of land. All of which qualifies as Wilderness. This Wilderness as a whole is far more important left intact rather than sliced in half as a matter of convinence far deveiapment af a power grid that has reasonabie and iegal aiternitives. 2.) This route would disrupt critical Brown Bear habitat. These animals den on the western slope of the Kenai Mountains and travel to summer feeding grounds in the Chackall in, Moose and Kenai River drainages. Ata insela population is declining this is an time when unacce a 7 oo ; cpeute. “crosses no ies spawning beds vi F-King, Silver, and” Pi _Canstrdétion ailous t the effects of which wi af fi ee fa estuary is a-migration staging area... thousands and waterfowl. Seventy eight species of ‘birds, i which nest in the area... Constructian “alang this route will have a negitive effect on. -esturary habatil. 5.) The proposed Mystery Creek route bisects the " ¢alving and wintering .grounds of a small population of ’ caribou: Currently this population stable but: any disruption: . “could harm this’ herds “The: forests. of- the- Kenai are” changing and Caribou may again become -the:.dominant’ Ungulate on- the. Penninsula- This herd will be vital for that expansion ta’ happen. “TP this praject is to happen the options for. routing ‘do- = | rhe. ‘ i _ APPENDIX D EEE ae On ee ae ea Resource Data Table - Link by Link Description APPENDIX C Ee ee ee PRIMARY TESORO ROUTE Link Code} Total gthi Location (Miles) TE.A.10 5.1 New route FR: Point Woronzoff TO: Fire Island TE.D.4 New route. Route follows eastern side of TE. Type of Facility Submarine cable with submarine/ overhead transition facilities at both| ends. Overhead transmission line with either H or X-Frame structures. Overhead/submarine transition facilities required at both ends. D.40 island to avoid aviation navigation facilities FR: North end, Fire Island a TO: South end, Fire Island | New route. Proposed route located on west side of depression on the inlet floor. FR: South end, Fire Island TO: Point Possession Submarine cable with overhead/submarine transition facilities at both ends. Parallels Tesoro pipeline. Could follow east side of existing Tesoro pipeline. Separation requirements are unknown. FR: Point Possession TO: Links TE.G-H.90, and TE.I.130, north of Captain Cook State Recreation Area. Overhead H or X-Frame structures with overhead/submarine transition facility at Point Woronzoff Parallels Tesoro pipeline, could follow the east side of the existing Tesoro pipeline. FR: Link TE.I.130 north of Captain Cook TO: North boundary of Captain Cook State Recreation Area. Overhead, H or X-Frame structures| with overhead/underground transition facilities at the south end. Parallels Tesoro pipeline or roadway. Could follow the Tesoro pipeline or park access road. Separation requirements from the pipeline and actual location are currently unknown. FR: Northern boundary of Captain Cook State Recreation Area. TO: Southern boundary of Captain Cook State Recreation Area. An underground line would be required throughout the Captain Cook State Recreation Area. Overhead/underground transition facilities at both ends. TE.1.100 TE.J-K.110 Parallels Tesoro pipeline. Would follow the} Overhead H or X-Frame structures east side of the Tesoro pipeline. Separation | with an overhead/underground requirements are currently unknown. transition facility located at the FR: Southern boundary of Captain Cook north end. State Recreation Area. TE.J-K.120 TO: Link TE.J-K.120. Near Bernice Lake ‘Substation Overhead H or X-Frame structures. Could parallel pipeline, North Kenai roadway, and/or transmission line. FR: Link TE.J-K.110. Tesoro Pipeline TO: Bernice Lake substation ALTERNATIVE TESORO ROUTES Link Code | Total Length Location (Miles) Primary Tesoro Anchorage Area Route fs ee [reso [51 | Piss meow deinen | Pa wp dein ic A TN CTT TT Tesoro Anchorage Area Alternative (A) il }Te.D.40 [44 | Please see previous description Please see previous description TE.E.50 Ea Please see previous description Please see previous description es OTe Tesoro Anchorage Area Alternative (B) i) II facilities at the north and south TE.C.30 3.2 ends respectively. TE.D.40 Please see previous description Please see previous description TE.E.50 ea Please see previous description Please see previous description Type of Facility Submarine cable with overhead/submarine transition facilities at both ends. New route FR: Point Woronzoff TO: Fire Island New route FR: Point Woronzoff TO: Point Campbell Underground line with submarine/underground transition facility at Point Campbell New route Submarine with FR: Point Campbell submarine/underground and TO: Fire Island submarine/overhead transition ALTERNATIVE TESORO ROUTES Link Code | Total Length Location Type of Facility (Miles) Tesoro Anchorage Area Alternative (C) TE.B.15 ee Please see previous description Please see previous description TE.F.60 Generally follows the Tesoro pipeline Submarine cable with across the inlet. underground/submarine facility TE.F.70 TO: Point Possession and Link TE.G- H.80 . FR: Point Campbell located at Point Campbell a fee COCSCSsSCSCSY TO: Links TE.F.70 and AN.70 Tesoro Anchorage Area Alternative (D) aa ee road to the submarine transition AN.30 area AN.70 New route Submarine with an FR: Link AN.30 nearVictor Road, underground/submarine transition south Anchorage facility near Victor road TO: Links TE.F.60 and TE.F.70 TE.F.70 Please see previous description Please see previous description A Submarine cable with submarine/overhead transition facility located at Point Possession Generally follows the Tesoro pipeline across the inlet. FR: Links TE.F.60 and AN.70 Parallels west side of Minnesota Drive adjacent to and outside of existing road right-of-way FR: International substation TO: Links AN.20 and AN.40 near Minnesota and O’Malley Overhead single pole structure New route FR: Links AN.10 and AN.40 (near Minnesota and Klatt Road) TO: Links AN.30 and AN.60 (near the new Klatt Road) Overhead single pole structure Parallels Klatt and Victor roads FR: Intersection of Links AN.20 and AN.60 TO: Links AN.70 and AN.80 Overhead single pole structure along Klatt road with an underground line along Victor ALTERNATIVE TESORO ROUTES Link Code Location Type of Facility (Miles) — Primary Tesoro Captain Cook Area Alternative frecKs [22 [Pawepwinwdanin [Pawn prow amon | Prete [46 [Pewee prvi devin | Pw a vi esipion Pre00 [49 | Paw epi dawipion ‘| Pas vis epicn a Tesoro Captain Cook Alternative (A) New route Overhead H or X-frame structure FR: Intersection of Links TE.G-H 80 and TE.G-H.90 TO: Intersection of Links TE.J-K.110 and TE.J-K.120 A new route designed to avoid conflicts with Captain Cook Recreation Area. PRIMARY ENSTAR ROUTE Link Code | Total Length Location Type of Facility (Miles) EN.A.20 Parallels east side of the Alaskan Overhead single pole structure Railroad FR: International Substation TO: Links AN.SO, EN.A.30 and EN.A.50 (Minnesota and O’Malley Road) Parallels east side of the Alaskan Railroad FR: Links EN.A.20, AN.5O and EN.A.30 O’Malley Road and Alaskan Railroad TO: Links EN.A.60 and EN.B.80 (Rabbit Creek) Overhead single pole structure Parallels east side of the Alaskan Railroad. FR: Link EN.A.40 and EN.A.60 (Rabbit Creek) TO: Potter Marsh and Link EN.C.90 Underground line with overhead/underground and underground/submarine transition facilities located at Rabbit Creek and near Potter Marsh respectively. Generally parallels the existing ENSTAR pipeline FR: Potter Marsh and Links EN.B.70 and EN.B.80 TO: Burt Island/Chickaloon Bay, Links EN.D.100 and AN.80 Submarine cable with underground/submarine transition facilities located at both ends Parallels the west side of the existing ENSTAR pipeline adjacent to the right-of-way. Right-of-way separation is currently unknown. FR: Links AN.80 and EN.C.90, near Burnt Island TO: Link EN.E.110 near Big Indian Creek Underground cable with underground/submarine and underground/overhead transition facilities located at the north and south ends respectively. Parallels the west side of the existing ENSTAR pipeline adjacent to the right-of-way. Right-of-way separation is currently unknown. FR: EN.D.100, near Burnt Island TO: QC.M.1.20 and QC.M.1.30 near Naptowne Overhead H or X-Frame structures PRIMARY ENSTAR ROUTE Total Leng: Type of Facility (oles) QC.M.1.30 Parallels the south side of the existing | Overhead H-Frame structure Quartz Creek transmission line adjacent to the right-of-way. Right- of-way separation is 100” centerline to centerline. FR: Link EN.E.110 and QC.M.1.20 east of Soldotna TO: Links QC.M.I.70 and QC.M.I.50 north of Mackey Lakes QC.M.1.70 Parallels north, west and southern Overhead H-Frame structure sides of the Quartz Creek transmission line. Transmission line separation is 100’ centerline to centerline FR: Links QC.M.1.30 and QC.M.1.50, north of Mackey Lakes TO: Links QC.M.1.60 and QC.M.1.80 north of the Sterling Hwy. QC.M. 1.80 Parallels west side of the existing Overhead H-Frame structure Quartz Creek transmission line. Transmission line separation is 100” centerline to centerline. FR: Links QC.M.1.60 and QC.M.1.70, north of Mackey Lakes TO: Soldotna Substation ALTERNATIVE ENSTAR ROUTES Primary ENSTAR Anchorage Area Route p aBN-AQO Psa) “Please see previous description Please see previous description | enpeo | 6 a3 ‘Please see previous description as pn dp ENSTAR Anchorage Area Alternative (A) Py TO: Intersection of Links EN.B.80 and EN.C.90 at Potter Marsh EN.C.90 Please see previous description Please see previous description LS Es Please see previous description Please see previous description Please see previous description Please see previous description Parallels north side of International Airport Road and west side of the New Seward Highway. Follows adjacent to and outside of existing road rights-of-way. FR: International substation TO: Links EN.A.30 and EN.A.40 (near O’Malley Road) Overhead single pole structure Parallels west side of the New Seward Highway and follows adjacent to and outside of existing road right-of-way FR: Links EN.A.10 and EN.A.30 (near O’Malley Road) TO: EN.A.60 and EN.B.70 near Rabbit Creek Overhead single pole structure Parallels west side of the Old Seward Highway and follows existing overhead distribution line adjacent to and outside of existing road right-of- way, within distribution line right-of- way FR: Links EN.A.40 and EN.A.60 (near Rabbit Creek) Underground line with overhead/underground and underground/submarine transition facilities located at north and south ends respectively. Link Code Total Length ALTERNATIVE ENSTAR ROUTES ENSTAR Anchorage Area Alternative (B) oe aad wl nai nT Parallels west side of Minnesota Drive adjacent to and outside of existing road right-of-way FR: International Substation TO: Links AN.20 and AN.40 near Minnesota and O’Malley New route FR: Links AN.10 and AN.40 near Minnesota Drive TO: Links AN.60 and AN.30 near Klatt Road Parallels Klatt and Victor roads FR: Intersection of Links AN.20 and AN.60 near Klatt Road TO: Links AN.70 and AN.80 southern Anchorage near Victor Road New route FR: Links AN.30 and AN.70 southern Anchorage at Victor road TO: Links EN.C.90 and EN.D.100, Burnt Island near Chickaloon Bay Type of Facility Overhead single pole structure Overhead single pole structure Overhead single pole structure along Klatt road with underground line along Victor road. Would also require overhead/underground and underground/submarine transition facilities at the north and south ends respectively Submarine with underground/submarine transition facilities located at both ends. ret Eee I ENSTAR Anchorage Area Alternative (C) Parallels west side of the Minnesota Drive FR: International Substation TO: Links AN.20 and AN.40 (near O’Malley Road) Parallels southwest side of Minnesota Drive FR: Links AN.10 and AN.20 near Minnesota and Klatt Roads TO: Links AN.5O and AN.60 near Minnesota and O’Malley Roads Overhead single pole structure Overhead single pole structure ; ALTERNATIVE ENSTAR ROUTES Total Length Type of Facility Milan rT ee a Parallels south side of O’Malley Road FR: Links AN.40 and AN.60 near Minnesota and O’Malley Roads TO: Links EN.A.20 and EN.A.50 near O’Malley Road and the Alaskan Railroad Parallels east side of the Alaskan Railroad FR: Links AN.50 and EN.A.30 near O’Malley Road and the Alaska Railroad TO: Links EN.A.60 and EN.B.80 near Rabbit Creek Parallels east side of the Alaskan Railroad FR: Links EN.A.60 and EN.A.50 near Rabbit Creek TO: Links EN.B.70 and EN.C.90 near Potter Marsh Generally follows the ENSTAR pipeline FR: Links EN.B.70 and EN.B.80 near Potter Marsh TO: AN.80 and EN.D.100 near Burnt Overhead single pole structure Overhead single pole structure Underground line with underground/submarine transition facilities located near Potter Marsh Submarine cable with underground/submarine transition facilities and both ALTERNATIVE ENSTAR ROUTES Link Code | Total Length Location Type of Facility (Miles) Overhead single pole structure structure ENSTAR Anchorage Area Alternative (D) Co ee Please see previous description Please see previous description Ce ee Please see previous description Please see previous description EN.A.30 Parallels south side of O'Malley Road | Overhead single pole structure FR: Links EN.A.20 and AN.5O near O’Malley Road and Minnesota TO: Links EN.A.10 and EN.A.40 near O’Malley Road Faas [26____[ Pes me rev di EN.B.70 eee Please see previous description Please see previous description EN.C.90 Please see previous description Please see previous description cea (Tn 2 Ce See ENSTAR Anchorage Area Alternative (E) EN.A.10 Please see previous description Please see previous description fence [26 | Pa prvi ein EN.A.60 Parallels New Seward Highway the specific crossing of the New and Old Seward highway interchange has yet to be determined FR: Links EN.A.30 and EN.B.70 near O’Malley Road and Seward Highway TO: Links EN.A.SO and EN.B.80 near Rabbit Creek EN.B.80 ize Please see previous description Please see previous description EN.C.90 Please see previous description Please see previous description Rt See EEE ere eee 10 ALTERNATIVE ENSTAR ROUTES Link Code Total Length Location Type of Facility (Miles) ENSTAR Anchorage Area Alternative (F) [axe [29 ____[ Paws proio danipon [Pan ws pron dap | [aso [0s [Pum prvi deiptn [ran prvi ein | [axs6 |__| Pepi espn | Pa prvi ein EN.A.30 Parallels south side of O’Malley Road | Overhead single pole structure in between the Alaskan Railroad and the New Seward Highway FR: EN.A.20 and EN.A.SO near the Railroad TO: EN.A.10 and EN.A.40 at New Seward Highway [EKA [26 | Pes me ovo damon [Pan pv i | [ekaco [os | Pauw we prvi ein [Pa prvi ein SU) NT TTT TTL inary ESTAR Soom Ara ieaive Primary ENSTAR Soldotna Area Alternative QC.M.1.30 ee Please see previous description Please see previous description QC.M.1.70 eee Please see previous description Please see previous description QC.M.1.80 Pee CELL Please see previous description Please see previous description ree TID hee TUE ee ENSTAR Soldotna Area Alternative (A) Parallels north side of the Enstar pipeline. Separation requirements are currently unknown FR: Links EN.E.110 and QC.M.1.30 east of Naptowne TO: Links QC.M.1.50 and QC.M.1.70 north of Mackey Lakes QC.M.1.20 Soe Overhead H-Frame structure 11 ALTERNATIVE ENSTAR ROUTES = 7 a Parallels north side of the Enstar Overhead H-Frame structure pipeline. Separation requirements are currently unknown FR: Links QC.M.1.10 and QC.M.1.120 TO: Links QC.M.1.50 and QC.M. 1.60 Parallels north side of the Enstar Overhead H-Frame structure pipeline. Separation requirements are currently unknown. FR: QC.M.1.40 and QC.M.1.60 TO: QC.M.1.10 and QC.M.1.70 fecasiae [08 [Pee pois cepion [Pan vn oxi | a ENSTAR Soldotna Area Alternative (B) fecanize [32 [Pawspwins donne [Paani prvi | fecaciao [63 [Peso view dion [Pun er prvi oi | 4.4 Parallels existing underground Overhead H or X-frame pipeline. Follows existing pipeline structure right-of-way, transmission line separation is currently unknown FR: Links QC.M.1.40 and QC.M.1.50 west of Mackey Lakes TO: Links QC.M.1.70 and QC.M.1.80 north of Sterling Highway QC.M.1.80 fos Please see previous description Please see previous description a ENSTAR Soldotna Area Alternative (C) QC.M.1.20 Please see previous description Please see previous description QC.M.1.50 3 at Lf 4 12 ALTERNATIVE ENSTAR ROUTES Link Code Total Length Location Type of Facility (Miles) Parallels existing Quartz Creek Overhead H-Frame structure Transmission Line. Transmission line separation is 100’ centerline to centerline. FR: Links QC.M.1.20 and QC.M.1.30 near Naptowne TO: Links QC.L.120 and QC.M.2.10 north of Sterling Highway QC.M.2.10 Parallels existing overhead Overhead H-Frame transmission line . Transmission line separation is 100’ centerline to centerline FR: Links QC.M.1.10 and QC.L.120 TO: Soldotna substation sen Te LEE COT 13 PRIMARY QUARTZ CREEK ROUTE Link Code | Total Length Location Type of Facility (Miles) S QC.A.10 7.1 Could parallel south side of existing H-Frame structure Quartz Creek transmission line along - 7 Tudor Road, then follow either side through Powerline Pass. Transmission line separation id 100’ centerline to QCc.C.30 H-Frame structure with an overhead/submarine transition facility at Bird Point or overhead QC.D.40 QC.E.50 centerline with potential crossovers to aerial crossing facility at Bird QC.F.60 TO: Link QC.B.20 near Campbell Creek Could parallel either side of existing transmission line. Transmission line separation is 100’ centerline to centerline FR: Link QC.A.10 near Campbell Creek TO: Link QC.C.30 near Indian Could parallel either side of the existing transmission line. Transmission line separation is 100’ centerline to centerline FR: Link QC.B.20 near Indian TO: Link QC.D.40 near Bird Point FR: University Substation Point Double circuit steel lattice for double circuit portion and H- Frame for remainder Overhead H-Frame structure Overhead H-Frame structure Rebuild and double circuit existing transmission line for approximately 6 miles FR: Links QC.D.1.A.10 and QC.D.1.B.10 near Bird Point TO: Links QC.E.50 near Girdwood Could parallel either side of the existing transmission line. Transmission line separation is 100’ centerline to centerline FR: Link QC.D.40 near Girdwood TO: Link QC.F.60 near Portage Could parallel either side of the existing transmission line. Transmission line separation is 100” centerline to centerline FR: Link QC.E.50 near Portage TO: Link QC.G.70 near Ingram Creek 14 PRIMARY QUARTZ CREEK ROUTE Location - Link Code | Total Length | (Miles) - QC.H.80 3.7 Pf vy Type of Facility © Could parallel either side of the existing transmission line. Transmission line separation is 100’ centerline to centerline FR: Link QC.F.60 near Ingram Creek TO: Link QC.H.80 near Turnagain Pass Overhead H-Frame structure Could parallel either side of the existing transmission line. Transmission line separation is 100’ centerline to centerline FR: Link QC.G.70 TO: Link QC.I.90 Overhead H-Frame structure Could parallel either side of the existing transmission line. Transmission line separation is 100’ centerline to centerline. FR: Link QC.H.80 near Turnagain Pass TO: Link QC.J.100 near Hope junction Overhead H-Frame Structure Parallel western side of the existing transmission line. Transmission line Overhead H-Frame structure FR:Link QC.1.90 near Jope Junction TO: Link QC.K.110 near Daves Creek Parallel western side of the existing transmission line. Transmission line separation is 100” centerline to centerline FR: Link QC.J.100 near Daves Creek TO: Link QC.L.120 near Daves Creek Overhead H-Frame structure Parallels northern side of the existing transmission line. Transmission line separation is 100’ centerline to centerline FR: Link QC.K.110 near Hideout Hill TO: Link QC.M.1.15 near Naptowne Overhead H-Frame structure 15 PRIMARY QUARTZ CREEK ROUTE Location Type of Facility Parallels eastern side of the existing Overhead H-Frame Structures Quartz Creek transmission line. Transmission line separation is 100’ centerline to centerline FR: Link QC.L.120 near Naptowne TO: Link QC.1.20 and EN.E.110 north of Naptowne E : - QC.M.1.15 | 1.8 QC.M.1.30 | 12.8 Parallels the south side of the existing Overhead H-Frame structures Quartz Creek transmission line adjacent to the right-of-way. Right-of-way separation is 100’ centerline to centerline. FR: Link EN.E.110 east of Soldotna TO: Links QC.M.I.70 and QC.M.1.50 north of Mackey Lakes QC.M.1.70 Overhead H-Frame structure Parallels south side of the existing Quartz Creek transmission line FR: QC.M.1.30 and QC.M.1.50 TO: QC.M.1.60 and QC.M.1.80 QC.M.1.80 Overhead H-Frame structure Parallels east side of the existing Quartz Creek transmission line FR: QC.M.1.60 and QC.M.1.70 TO: Soldotna substation Total 140.7 Primary Quartz Creek/Soldotna Area Routes Please see previous description Please see previous description Please see previous description Please see previous description Please see previous description Please see previous description Please see previous description Please see previous description QC.M.1.15 QC.M.1.130 QC.M.1.70 QC.M.1.80 Total 22.2 16 PRIMARY QUARTZ CREEK ROUTE Link Code | Total Length | (Miles) | Soldotna Area Alternative Route (A) QC.M.2.05 Parallels north side of an existing transmission line. Transmission line separation is 100’ centerline to centerline QC.M.1.10 fos | Please see previous description Please see previous description QC.M.1.40 fos | Please see previous description Please see previous description QC.M.1.60 | 4.4 Parallels ENSTAR pipeline route. Overhead H-Frame structures Transmission line separation is currently unknown FR: QC.M.1.40 and QC.M.1.50 TO: QC.M.1.70 and 'QC.M.1.80 QC.M.1.80 fos | Please see previous description Please see previous description fro foes Soldotna Area Alternative (B) QC.M.2.05 4000 | Please see previous description Please see previous description QC.M.2.10 Parallels existing transmission line Overhead H-Frame structure transmission line separation is 100’ centerline to centerline rot ms Quartz Creek/Soldotna Area Alternative (C) QC.M.2.05 4000 | Please see previous description Please see previous description QC.M.1.10 — New route Overhead H-Frame structure FR: Links QC.L.120 and QC.M.2.10 ' Overhead H-Frame structure TO: Links QC.M.1.20 and QC.M.1.40 Overhead H-Frame structure Parallels northern side of the existing ENSTAR pipeline. Separation requirements are currently unknown FR: QC.M.1.10 and QC.M.1.20 TO: QC.M.1.50 and QC.M.1.60 17 PRIMARY QUARTZ CREEK ROUTE - Link Code | Total Length : (Miles) QC.M.1.50 Parallels northern side of the existing Overhead H-Frame structure ENSTAR pipeline. Separation requirements are currently unknown FR: QC.M.1.40 and QC.M.1.60 TO: QC.M.1.10 and QC.M.1.70 QC.M.1.70 Parallels south side of the existing Overhead H-Frame structure Quartz Creek transmission line FR: QC.M.1.30 and QC.M.1.50 TO: QC.M.1.60 and QC.M.1.80 QC.M.1.80 Parallels east side of the existing Overhead H-Frame structure Quartz Creek transmission line FR: QC.M.1.60 and QC.M.1.70 TO: Soldotna substation a Primary Quartz Creek Bird Point Area Route fecns0 [63 [Pan pwins mip ——( Pan mp in _ | [eco [51 [Pea pins espinn | Pa prvi dein fecr.co [43 [Peas pins opine | Paw prvi dep — fecise [115 [Paar vow omipon [Pw pv opine a 18 PRIMARY QUARTZ CREEK ROUTE Link Code | Total Length (Miles) Quartz Creek Bird Point Area Alternative (Aerial) Mi Pe QC.D.2.10 Steel towers located on both shore landings with a single steel tower located in the Arm New route. Aerial crossing of the Turnagain Arm from the base of Alpenglow Mountain to Bird Point. FR: QC.C.30 and QC.D.40 TO: QC.D.2.10 Parallels existing distribution line and Overhead H-Frame structures also will require approximately 2 miles new right-of-way. Transmission line seperation is 100’ centerline to centerline FR: QC.D1A.10 TO: QC.I.90 and QC.J.100 Quartz Creek Bird Point Area Alternative (Underground) QC.D1B.10 New route from Bird Point to Six Mile Creek FR: QC.C.30 and QC.D.40 TO: QC D.2.10 Please see previous description Please see previous description Submarine cable with overhead/submarine transition facilities located at both ends Qc.D.2.10 19 APPENDIX D Eee HUMAN AND CULTURAL RESOURCE DATA An & WwW NY 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 HUMAN AND CULTURAL RESOURCE DATA Link Code Land Use/Jurisdiction Recreation Management Areas and Facilities | Visual Resources | Cultural Resources Primary Tesoro Route TE.A.10 = Submarine = Submarine = Submarine = Submarine TE.D.40 = Airstrips, navigation facilities = Dispersed use = No established viewers ™ One site recorded in the Alaska Heritage Resources Survey = Native Corporation Land TE.E.50 = Submarine = Submarine = Submarine = Intersects sensitive coastal area = Known sites at Pt. Possession TE.G-H.80 = Parallels pipeline/road ™ Dispersed recreation ™ Pt. Possession - visual preservation values = Route parallels the coast and crosses anadromous fish = Low density residential through Birch Hill and = Hunting access ™ Remote residential views in Birch, Hill and Moose Point streams Moose Point subdivisions Subdivisions ™ Recorded sites in the area ™ Adjacent lakes open to aircraft = Recommend transition in vault = Sensitivity - major = Avoid or underground through wilderness area south end = Adjacent lakes open to aircraft = Follows pipeline/road = Remote residential subdivision ® Kenai borough land TE.G-H.90 | ™ Captain Cook State Recreation Area (SRA) at Remote residential views in Birch Hill Subdivision = No known sites, but route is in archaeologically sensitive coastal area ™ Captain Cook SRA TE.I.100 = Within Captain Cook SRA = Captain Cook SRA ™ Captain Cook SRA Route crosses the Swanson River @ Park access road = Adjacent recreational facilities ™ Scenic quality management ™ Several known sites in the vicinity of the Captain Cook Crosses Swanson River canoe trail = Views from Park Road SRA ™ Recreational sites = Swanson River = Recommend underground line and transition stations TE.J-K.110 = Parallels North Kenai Road ™ Dispersed use = Residential views in Nikiski area and from North Kenai = Known sites in the vicinity = Rural residential Road TE.J-K.120 = Parallels pipeline and/or transmission line ™ Views from North Kenai Road Known sites in the vicinity Primary Tesoro Anchorage Area Route = Submarine TE.A.10 Submarine TE.D.40 | Airstrips, navigation facilities ™ Coastal set net sites = Native Corporation Land = Submarine Tesoro Anchorage Area Alternative (A) = Submarine No known sites, but Fire Island is a traditional use area No established viewers Intersects sensitive coastal area Known sites at Pt. Possession Submarine = Airstrips, navigation facilities = Coast set net sites TE.E.50 @ Submarine chugach/human.tbl No established viewers ™ One site recorded in the Alaska Heritage Resources Survey D-1 10 11 12 13 14 15 HUMAN AND CULTURAL RESOURCE DATA [ Link Code Land Use/Jurisdiction Recreation Management Areas and Facilities Visual Resources Cultural Resources Tesoro Anchorage Area Alternative (B) TE.B.15 = Kincaid Park = Kincaid Park ™ Kincaid Park ™ One site recorded in the Alaska Heritage Resources Survey = International Airport ™ Parallel coastal trail ™ Coastal trail views m X-C Skiing = Recommend underground and transition facility in vault = Dispersed uses | TE.C.30 = Submarine = Submarine = Submarine = Submarine TE.D.40 = Airstrip, navigation facilities = Dispersed use = No established viewers = No known sites, but Fire Island is a traditional use area ™ Coastal set net sites ™ Native Corporation Land TE.E.50 | = Submarine = Submarine = Submarine Intersects sensitive coastal area Known sites at Pt. Possession Tesoro Anchorage Area Alternative (C) TE.B.15 | ™ Crosses Kincaid Park = Kincaid Park ™ Kincaid Park ™ One site recorded in the Alaska Heritage Resources Survey = Adjacent to International Airport = Coastal trail ™ Coastal trail views @ X-C Skiing ™ Recommend underground and transition facility in vault @ Dispersed uses [TFs | = Submarine = Submarine | = Submarine "= Submarine TE.F.70 @ Submarine = Submarine = Submarine ™ Intersects sensitive coastal area = Known sites at Pt. Possession | Tesoro Anchorage Area Alternative (D) —T. AN.10 = Adjacent residential and recreational areas = Municipal recreation facilities = Views from Minnesota Drive No reported archaeological or historic sites @ Parallels Minnesota Drive = Foreground residential views primarily in the Diamond | Road Interchange AN.20 @ Vacant land = Limited = Foreground residential views east of Southport Drive @ No reported archaeological or historic sites ™ Parallels Minnesota and Klatt Roads = Foreground/Middleground views from proposed municipal sports complex AN.30 = Adjacent residential = Limited = Foreground residential views along Spyglass Drive and the No reported archaeological or historic sites = Coastal wildlife refuge Bayshore Flat area @ Parallels Klatt and Victor Roads = Recommended underground AN.70 = Submarine = Submarine = Submarine Submarine | TE.F.70 Te Submarine = Submarine = Submarine Intersects sensitive coastal area Known sites at Pt. Possession chugach/human.tbl D-2 10 11 12 13 14 HUMAN AND CULTURAL RESOURCE DATA = Crosses KNWR = Adjacent residential chugach/human.tbl D-3 -_ Link Code Land Use/Jurisdiction Recreation Management Areas and Facilities Visual Resources Cultural Resources | Primary Tesoro Captain Cook Area Alternative TE.G-H.80 = Parallels pipeline/road = Dispersed recreation ™ Pt. Possession - visual preservation values = No known sites, but route is in archaeologically sensitive, = Low density residential through Birch Hill and = Hunting access ™ Remote residential views in Birch, Hill and Moose Point coastal area Moose Point subdivisions Subdivisions = Adjacent lakes open to aircraft = Recommend transition in vault = Kenai borough land ™ Avoid or underground through wildemess area TE.I.100 m Within Captain Cook SRA = Captain Cook SRA | ™ Captain Cook SRA = Route crosses the Swanson River = Park access road ™ Adjacent recreational facilities ™ Scenic quality management = Several known sites in the vicinity of the Captain Cook ™ Crosses Swanson River canoe trail ™ Views from Park Road SRA = Recreational sites ™ Swanson River = Recommend underground line and transition stations TE.J-K.110 ™ Parallels North Kenai Road = Dispersed use ™ Residential views in Nikiski area and from North Kenai Known sites in the vicinity = Rural residential Road wl cS Captain Cook Alternative (A) TE.1.130 = KNWR - managed for wildlife and recreational use | ™ Dispersed recreation ™ Views at Swanson River Crossing Known sites in the vicinity = Adjacent lakes open to aircraft ™ recreational access into KNWR Primary ENSTAR Route EN.A.20 | = Adjacent commercial and industrial with minimal = Limited = Commercial/Industrial railroad corridor One site recorded in the Alaska Heritage Resource Survey residential development @ Parallels railroad EN.A.50 | = Adjacent airstrip and residential development = Limited = Residential/industrial railroad corridor = No reported archaeological or historic sites = Parallels railroad = Adjacent residential views along Old Seward | ™ Ocean views from new Seward Overlook EN.B.80 ™ Potter Point State Game Refuge ™ Rabbit Creek shooting range m Views from Potter Marsh and Potter Section House ™ Cluster of known historic sites in the Potter area = Follows railroad and Seward Scenic Highway ™ Potter section house m= Recommend underground line and transition station at | Chugach State Park Headquarters EN.C.90 = Submarine = Submarine = Submarine = Cluster of known historic sites in the Potter area @ Intersects sensitive coastal area | EN.D.100 = KNWR = KNWR minimal management area ™ Visual preservation values = No known sites, sensitive coastal area ™ Airstrips, adjacent lakes open to aircraft = Wildemess values = Recommend underground line and transition facility = Parallels Enstar pipeline = Views from recreation trail EN.E.110 = KNWR = KNWR moderate management area = Adjacent visual preservation values ™ No reported archaeological or historic sites ™ Airstrips, adjacent lakes open to aircraft = Adjacent wilderness values ™ Views from recreational trail and Trapper Joe lake cabin = Parallels pipeline = Recreational trail QC.M.1.30 ™ Parallels existing transmission line = Dispersed use ™ Views at Moose River and Moose River Trail Crossing No reported archaeological or historic sites = Moose River crossing = Foreground residential views 10 11 12 13 14 15 HUMAN AND CULTURAL RESOURCE DATA Link Code Land Use/Jurisdiction Recreation Management Areas and Facilities Visual Resources Cultural Resources QC.M.1.70 = Parallels existing transmission line = Dispersed use = Views from recreational trail crossing = No reported archaeological or historic sites ™ Crosses secondary roads ™ Foreground residential views = Adjacent residential | QC.M.1.80 = Parallels existing transmission line = Dispersed use = Foreground residential views ™ Crosses secondary roads = Adjacent residential = No reported archaeological or historic sites Primary ENSTAR Anchorage Area Routes = Adjacent commercial and industrial with minimal = Limited residential development ™ Parallels railroad = Commercial/Industrial railroad corridor ™ One site recorded in the Alaska Heritage Resource Survey = Residential/industrial railroad corridor = Adjacent residential views along Old Seward ™ Ocean views from new Seward Overlook = Adjacent airstrip and residential development = Limited Parallels railroad = No reported archaeological or historic sites Potter Point State Game Refuge = Rabbit Creek shooting range Follows railroad and Seward Scenic Highway ™ Potter section house ™ Views from Potter Marsh and Potter Section House Cluster of known historic sites int he Potter area = Recommend underground line and transition station at Chugach State Park Headquarters ™ Cluster of known historic sites in the Potter area Intersects sensitive coastal area Submarine @ Submarine = Submarine ENSTAR Anchorage Area Alternative (A) Adjacent commercial/residential Parallels existing transmission line ™ Parallels International Airport Road, Seward Highway = Adjacent municipal = Commercial and limited residential views along International Airport Road and New Seward Highway @ Residential and park ™ Foreground views near Abbot Road and New Seward Highway = Foreground residential views along New Seward Highway = Potter section house located at south end = Foreground residential views toward Potter Marsh along Old Seward Highway = Recommend underground line and transition facilities No reported archaeological or historic sites = Adjacent commercial/residential Parallels New Seward Highway No reported archaeological or historic sites Adjacent residential = Existing distribution line = Parallels Old Seward Highway Cluster of known historic sites in the Potter Area Cluster of known historic sites in the Potter area Intersects sensitive coastal area ENSTAR Anchorage Area Alternative (B) = Adjacent residential and recreational areas = Parallels Minnesota Drive = Municipal recreation facilities = Views from Minnesota Drive = Foreground residential views primarily in the Diamond Road Interchange = No reported archaeological or historic sites @ Vacant land ™ Parallels Minnesota and Klatt Roads = Limited = Foreground residential views east of Southport Drive = Foreground/Middleground views from proposed municipal sports complex ® No reported archaeological or historic sites chugach/human.tbl D-4 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 HUMAN AND CULTURAL RESOURCE DATA Link Code | Land Use/Jurisdiction Recreation Management Areas and Facilities Visual Resources Cultural Resources AN.30 = Adjacent residential, coastal wildlife refuge = Limited = Foreground residential views along Spyglass Drive and the No reported archaeological sites ™ Parallels Klatt and Victor Roads Bayshore Flat area = Recommended underground AN.80 @ Submarine = Submarine = Submarine No known sites, but intersects sensitive coastal area ENSTAR Anchorage Area Alternative (C) AN.10 = Adjacent residential ™ Municipal recreation facilities |. Views from Minnesota Drive No reported archaeological or historic sites ™ Parallels Minnesota Drive = Foreground residential views primarily in the Diamond Road Interchange AN.40 ™ Adjacent to proposed municipal sports complex = Adjacent to proposed recreation complex = Foreground views from proposed municipal sports complex No reported archaeological or historic sites = Parallels Minnesota Drive AN.50 = Adjacent industrial/commercial = Adjacent to proposed recreation complex = Foreground views from O’Malley Road No reported archaeological or historic sites ™ Parallels O'Malley Road EN.A.50 = Adjacent airstrip and residential development Limited Residential/industrial railroad corridor No reported archaeological or historic sites = Parallels railroad = Adjacent residential views along Old Seward ™ Ocean views from new Seward Overlook EN.B.80 = Potter Point State Game Refuge Rabbit Creek shooting range = Views from Potter Marsh and Potter Section House Cluster of known historic sites in the Potter area ® Follows railroad and Seward Scenic Highway ® Potter Section House = Recommend underground line and transition station at Chugach State Park Headquarters EN.C.90 = Submarine = Submarine Submarine Cluster of known historic sites in the Potter area ENSTAR Anchorage Area Alternative (D) = Municipal recreation facilities Intersects sensitive coastal area Views from Minnesota Drive Foreground residential views primarily in the Diamond Road Interchange AN.10 = Adjacent residential | ™ Parallels Minnesota Drive AN.40 = Adjacent to proposed municipal sports complex = Adjacent to proposed recreation complex No reported archaeological or historic sites Foreground views from proposed municipal sports complex ™ Parallels Minnesota Drive AN.50 | = Adjacent industrial/commercial @ Parallels O'Malley Road = Adjacent light industrial/commercial ™ Parallels O'Malley Road = Adjacent to proposed recreation complex Adjacent municipal recreation facility . = Adjacent commercial/residential = Parallels New Seward Highway Limited . Foreground views from O’Malley Road No reported archaeological or historic sites No reported archaeological or historic sites Foreground views at New Seward Highway and O’Malley Road Foreground residential views along New Seward Highway = Adjacent residential = Existing distribution line = Parallels Old Seward Highway EN.C.90 = Submarine chugach/human.tbl Potter section house located at south end . pam |i D-5 Foreground residential views toward Potter Marsh along Old Seward Highway Recommend underground line and transition facilities No reported archaeological or historic sites No reported archaeological or historic sites Cluster of known historic sites in the Potter area Submarine Cluster of known historic sites in the Potter area Intersects sensitive coastal area 10 11 12 13 14 15 ENSTAR Anchorage Area Alternative (F) AN.10 Adjacent residential Parallels Minnesota Drive HUMAN AND CULTURAL RESOURCE DATA Link Code | Land Use/Jurisdiction Recreation Management Areas and Facilities Visual Resources Cultural Resources ENSTAR Anchorage Area Alternative (E) EN.A.10 = Adjacent commercial/residential = Adjacent municipal = Commercial and limited residential views along = No reported archaeological or historic sites ™ Parallels existing transmission line International Airport Road and New Seward Highway = Parallels International Airport Road, Seward = Residential and park Highway = Foreground views near Abbot Road and New Seward Highway EN.A.40 = Adjacent commercial/residential = Limited ™ Foreground residential views along New Seward Highway = No reported archaeological or historic sites @ Parallels Seward Highway EN.A.60 = Adjacent commercial/residential = Limited = Foreground residential views from residences = No reported archaeological or historic sites = Parallels Seward Highway/Rabbit Creek m= New Seward Highway and Old Seward Highway Interchange EN.B.80 ™ Potter Point State Game Refuge ™ Rabbit Creek shooting range ™ Views from Potter Marsh and Potter Section House = Cluster of known historic sites in the Potter area ™ Follows railroad and Seward Scenic Highway ™ Potter Section House = Recommend underground line and transition station at Chugach State Park Headquarters EN.C.90 = Submarine = Submarine = Submarine = Cluster of known historic sites in the Potter area Intersects sensitive coastal area = Municipal recreation facilities ™ Views from Minnesota Drive @ Foreground residential views primarily in the Diamond Road Interchange Vacant land Parallels Minnesota Drive = Adjacent to proposed recreation complex = No reported archaeological or historic sites | ™ Foreground views from proposed municipal sports complex @ No reported archaeological or historic sites Adjacent airstrip and residential development Parallels railroad Adjacent light industrial/commercial Parallels O'Malley Road ™ Adjacent to proposed recreation complex ™ Foreground views from O’Malley Road = No reported archaeological or historic sites = Adjacent municipal recreation facility ™ Foreground views at New Seward Highway and O’Malley Road ™ One site recorded on the Alaska Heritage Resources Survey Parallels Seward Highway Potter Point State Game Refuge = Follows railroad and Seward Scenic Highway ™ New Seward Highway and Old Seward Highway ™ Potter section house = Rabbit Creek shooting range Adjacent commercial/residential = Limited @ Foreground residential views along New Seward Highway = No reported archaeological or historic sites = Parallels Seward Highway | = Adjacent commercial/residential = Limited = Foreground residential views from residences = No reported archaeological or historic sites ™ Views from Potter Marsh and Potter Section House = Recommend underground line and transition station at Chugach State Park Headquarters @ Submarine = Submarine —}—_— ™ Cluster of known historic sites in the Potter area @ Submarine ™ Cluster of known historic sites in the Potter area Intersects sensitive coastal area chugach/human.tbl D-6 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 7 HUMAN AND CULTURAL RESOURCE DATA Link Code Land Use/Jurisdiction | Recreation Management Areas and Facilities Primary ENSTAR Soldotna Area Alternative Visual Resources OEE Cultural Resources ™ Crosses secondary roads ENSTAR Soldotna Area Alternative (A) QC.M.1.30 = Parallels existing transmission line = Dispersed use Views at Moose River and Moose River Trail Crossing = Several recorded sites in the vicinity ® Crosses KNWR ™ Moose River crossing Foreground residential views = Adjacent Residential QC.M.1.70 ® Parallels existing transmission line = Dispersed use Views from recreational trail crossing = No reported archaeological or historic sites ™ Crosses secondary roads Foreground residential views QC.M.1.80 = Parallels existing transmission line ™ Dispersed use Foreground residential views = No reported archaeological or historic sites @ Parallels pipeline Crosses a canoe trail ™ Crosses KNWR QC.M.1.50 QC.M.1.70 QC.M.1.80 = No reported archaeological or historic sites QC.M.1.20 @ Airstrips, rural residential Dispersed recreation Foreground residential views Parallels pipeline QC.M.1.40 Airstrips, rural residential Campground at Moose River Foreground views at Moose River Campground and crossing at Moose River Airstrips, rural residential Parallels pipeline Crosses KNWR Dispersed recreation = Rural residential = Dispersed recreation = Parallels existing transmission line ™ Crosses secondary roads = No reported archaeological or historic sites Limited foreground residential views = No reported archaeological or historic sites Views from recreational trail crossing Foreground residential views = Rural residential = Dispersed use = Parallels existing transmission line ™ Crosses secondary roads QC.M.1.20 QC.M.1.40 ENSTAR Soldotna Area Alternative (B) Foreground residential views = Airstrips, rural residential = Dispersed recreation = Parallels pipeline Airstrips, rural residential = Dispersed recreation Parallels pipeline Crosses KNWR QC.M.1.60 QC.M.1.80 Middleground views from residential areas Foreground views at Moose River Campground and crossing at Moose River Rural residential = Limited Parallels pipeline Adjacent rural residential = Dispersed use ™ Parallels existing transmission line ™ Crosses secondary roads ENSTAR Soldotna Area Alternative (C) QC.M.1.20 ® Airstrips ® Dispersed recreation . = Adjacent rural residential @ Parallels pipeline chugach/human.tbl Middleground views from residential areas Foreground residential views = No reported archaeological or historic sites = No reported archaeological or historic sites = No reported archaeological or historic sites ™ No reported archaeological or historic sites = No reported archaeological or historic sites = No reported archaeological or historic sites Foreground residential views D-7 No reported archaeological or historic sites 10 HUMAN AND CULTURAL RESOURCE DATA Link Code Land Use/Jurisdiction | Recreation Management Areas and Facilities Visual Resources Cultural Resources QC.M.1.10 ™ Vacant ™ Dispersed recreation ® No residential views No reported archaeological or historic sites QC.M.2.10 ™ Parallels transmission line = Crosses Kenai River SMA three times = Adjacent State Park Land managed for scenic quality No reported archaeological or historic sites Soldotna Airport = Dispersed recreation - fishing = Foreground views from residences = Bings Landing Campground Primary Quartz Creek Route QC.A.10 = Adjacent residential = Several adjacent trails 5) = Chugach State park and Bicentennial park managed for = Known sites in general vicinity of route ™ Parallels existing pipeline/transmission line into = Dispersed recreation scenic quality Powerline Pass = Natural zone management area within Chugach | ™ Foreground residential views along Tudor Road and within = Chugach State Park/Bicentennial Park State park and Bicentennial Park Bicentennial Park QC.B.20 ™ Chugach State Park - underdeveloped = Adjacent recreational trails ™ Chugach State park managed for scenic quality = No reported archaeological or historic sites ™ Dispersed recreation ™ Foreground views from crossing and parallel recreational = Natural zone management area trails Chugach State Park = Recreation facilities along Seward Highway - = Chugach State Park Parallels a connecting trail to the Iditarod National Historic Adjacent to Seward Scenic Highway, Alaska National Scenic Byway = Seward Highway scenic corridor managed to protect and Trail Railroad ™ Dispersed recreation maintain scenic values = Concentration of known historic properties along the Adjacent to communities of Indian and bird = Natural zone management area = Foreground views from Indian and bird communities, Bird northern shore of Turnagain Arm ™ Proposed Bird Point scenic area at east end Creek Campground and several recreational trails = Proposed Bird Point development at east end Chugach State Park = Recreation facilities along Seward Highway - ™ Chugach State Park Parallels a connecting trail to the Iditarod National Historic Adjacent to Seward Scenic Highway, Alaska National Scenic Byway ™ Seward Highway scenic corridor managed to retain scenic Trail Railroad ™ Dispersed recreation quality = Concentration of known historic properties along the Adjacent to Seward Highway = Natural zone management area = High elevation views of Turnagain Arm northern shore of Turnagain Arm between Girdwood and Re-alignment crosses Alaska Railroad and access to community of Girdwood Chugach National Forest Adjacent to Seward Scenic Highway Chugach National Forest Adjacent to Seward Scenic Highway, Alaska Railroad = Foreground recreational views along Highway and Bird Bird Point Point Recreation facilities along Seward Highway - National Scenic Byway Dispersed recreation Glacier Flats viewpoint Chugach State Park Seward Scenic Highway Chugach National Forest Manage to improve and retain scenic quality Foreground views from highway, Girdwood and Glacier Flats view point Cluster of known sites in Girdwood area and along Turnagain Arm = Parallels the primary route of the Iditarod National Historic Trail Recreation facilities along Seward Highway - = Primarily non-forest lands adjacent-Foreground retention Known sites in Portage area chugach/human.tbl Chugach National Forest National Scenic Byway VQO ™ Parallels the primary route of the Iditarod National = Dispersed recreation = Views from Portage, Seward Scenic Highway and Portage Historic Trail ® Portage Creek pullout Glacier Access Road ™ Recreation facilities along Seward Highway - = Primarily non-forest land adjacent-foreground and = Known sites along Seward Highway National Scenic Byway middleground partial retention VQO ™ Parallels a connecting trail to the Iditarod National Historic = Dispersed recreation = Views from Seward Scenic Highway and Turnagain Pass Trail Test area D-8 9 10 11 12 HUMAN AND CULTURAL RESOURCE DATA Link Code Land Use/Jurisdiction Recreation Management Areas and Facilities Visual Resources Cultural Resources QC.H.80 = Chugach National Forest ™ Motorized/Non motorized Turnagain Pass ™ Chugach National Forest and Seward Scenic Highway [= Known sites along Seward Highway = Seward Scenic Highway winter recreation areas foreground managed for retention = Parallels a connecting trail to the Iditarod National Historic ™ Foreground views from dispersed recreational areas and Trail trails ™ Foreground views from highway QC.1.90 = Chugach National Forest ™ Adjacent to Sixmile Creek ™ Chugach National Forest and Seward Scenic Highway- [= Known sites in Granite Creek area = Seward Scenic Highway m East Fork boat launch adjacent trails adjacent areas managed as retention VQO ™ Parallels a connecting trail to the Iditarod National Historic = Foreground views from highway Trail QC.J.100 = Chugach National Forest = Adjacent recreational use areas ™ Chugach National Forest and Seward Scenic Highway = Parallels a connecting trail to the Iditarod National Historic = Seward Highway/Sterling Highway = Summit lake, Tern Lake, Devils Pass foreground managed primarily for retention VQO Trail Interpretive area = Minimal partial retention VQO = Concentration of known historic properties along the ™ Proposed recreation facility ™ Foreground views from one residential area and Seward Seward Highway south of the Hope Cutoff QC.K.110 = Chugach National Fores/KNWR ™ Sterling Highway = USFWS - KNWR ® Sterling Highway Scenic Highway = Sensitivity - major ™ Foreground views from trail crossings, Summit Lake, tern lake, Devils Pass interpretive area = USFWS - KNWR = Paralleled existing transmission line QC.M.1.70 = Parallels existing transmission line ™ Dispersed use i i i ™ Crosses secondary roads = Foreground residential views ™ Parallels existing transmission line ™ Crosses KNWR Road = Borders KNWR wilderness = Private land surrounded by partial retention Forest Service = Several hundred prehistoric sites and over 3,000 cultural ™ Crosses Russian River VQO features in the Sqilantnu Archaeological District near @ Skilak SMA ™ Adjacent KNWR wildemess area managed for preservation confluence of the Kenai and Russian rivers ™ Adjacent to Kenai River Russian Lake, Cooper values Historic sites in Cooper Landing area Lake, Bean Creek, Resurrection Pass trail roads | ™ Foreground views from Kenai Lake, Cooper landing area, Sensitivity - major Bean Creek, Cooper Lake, Stetson Creek, Resurrection Pass, Mystery Creek trailheads, various camp sites ™ Skilak SMA, Seven Lakes, Eugmen Lake Trailheads = Watson, Kelly Lake, Peterson Lake campgrounds = Adjacent KNWR managed for preservation values = No reported archaeological or historic sites = Foreground views from Seven Lakes, Eugmen lake trailheads and various campgrounds ™ Dispersed use ™ No established viewing areas No reported archaeological or historic sites ™ Dispersed use ™ Moose River crossing = Views at Moose River and Moose River Trail Crossing = Foreground residential views Several recorded sites in the vicinity = Views from recreational trail crossing = No reported archaeological or historic sites QC.M.1.80 = Parallels existing transmission line = Foreground residential views = No reported archaeological or historic sites ™ Crosses secondary roads Primary Quartz Creek/Soldotna Area Routes QC.M.1.15 = USFWS - KNWR ® Parallels existing transmission line QC.M.1.30 = Parallels existing transmission line ™ Crosses KNWR Road chugach/human.tbl ™ Dispersed use ™ No established viewing areas ™ No reported archaeological or historic sites ™ Dispersed use ™ Moose River crossing ™ Views at Moose River and Moose River Trail Crossing ™ Foreground residential views ® No reported archaeological or historic sites 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 i 18 HUMAN AND CULTURAL RESOURCE DATA Link Code Land Use/Jurisdiction QC.M.1.70 ] = Parallels existing transmission line ™ Crosses secondary roads Recreation Management Areas and Facilities | ™ Dispersed use Visual Resources ™ Views from recreational trail crossing ™ Foreground residential views Cultural Resources = No reported archaeological or historic sites QC.M.1.80 = Parallels existing transmission line ™ Crosses secondary roads Quartz Creek/Soldotna Area Alternative Route (A) | ™ Dispersed use | ™ Foreground residential views QC.M.2.05 ™ Parallels existing transmission line = Adjacent residential development | = Dispersed recreation | = Adjacent foreground views along Sterling Highway = No reported archaeological or historic sites = No reported archaeological or historic sites QC.M.1.10 ™ Vacant land = Dispersed recreation ™ No residential views QC.M.1.40 = Airstrips, rural residential = Parallels pipeline Crosses KNWR Access Road QC.M.1.60 Parallels pipeline Rural residential development QC.M.1.80 = Rural residential development = Parallels existing transmission line ™ Crosses secondary roads Quartz Creek/Soldotna Area Alternative Route (B) QC.M.2.05 = Parallels existing transmission line = Adjacent residential development QC.M.2.10 ™ Parallels transmission line ™ Soldotna Airport Quartz Creek/Soldotna Area Alternative (C) QC.M.2.05 = Parallels existing transmission line = Adjacent residential development Vacant Land ™ Campground at Moose River ™ Crosses a canoe trail ™ Foreground views at Moose River Campground and crossing at Moose River = Limited ™ Dispersed use ™ Crosses Kenai River SMA three times ™ Dispersed recreation - fishing = No reported archaeological of historic sites = No reported archaeological or historic sites ™ Middleground views from residential areas = Foreground residential views Adjacent foreground views along Sterling Highway = No reported archaeological or historic sites = No reported archaeological or historic sites = No reported archaeological or historic sites Adjacent State Park Land managed for scenic quality Foreground views from residences Bings Landing Campground = No reported archaeological or historic sites ™ Dispersed recreation = Adjacent foreground views along Sterling Highway = Dispersed recreation Airstrips, rural residential = Parallels pipeline Crosses KNWR Access Road QC.M.1.50 Airstrips, rural residential = Parallels pipeline Crosses KNWR Access Road QC.M.1.70 Parallels existing transmission line Crosses secondary roads Parallels existing transmission line Crosses secondary roads, adjacent residential chugach/human.tbl ™ Campground at Moose River ™ Crosses a canoe trail = No residential views = Foreground views at Moose River Campground and crossing at Moose River = No reported archaeological or historic sites = No reported archaeological or historic sites = No reported archaeological or historic sites = Limited foreground residential views = No reported archaeological or historic sites Views from recreational trail crossing Foreground residential views Dispersed recreation = No reported archaeological or historic sites Foreground residential views = No reported archaeological or historic sites D-10 10 HUMAN AND CULTURAL RESOURCE DATA Link Code Land Use/Jurisdiction Primary Quartz Creek Bird Point Area Route | _ Recreation Management Areas and Facilities Visual Resources Cultural Resources Chugach National Forest Seward Scenic Highway Community of Girdwood at east end Chugach National Forest Parallels existing transmission line Seward Scenic Highway Community of Portage National Scenic Byway Dispersed recreation Access to Twenty-Mile River Recreation facilities along Seward Highway - National Scenic Byway Dispersed recreation Access to Portage Lake QC.1.90 QC.G.70 ™ Chugach National Forest ™ Seward Scenic Highway | QC.H.80 ™ Chugach National Forest Seward Scenic Highway Recreation facilities along Seward Highway - National Scenic Byway Dispersed recreation Motorized/Non motorized Turnagain Pass winter recreation areas ™ Chugach National Forest Seward Scenic Highway Quartz Creek Bird QC.D1A.10 | = Chugach State Park @ Seward Scenic Highway Point Area Alternative (Aerial) Adjacent to Sixmile Creek East Fork boat launch adjacent trails Seward Scenic Highway Chugach National Forest Manage to improve and retain scenic quality Foreground views from highway, Girdwood and Glacier Flats view point [cpa ™ Chugach State Park = Recreation facilities along Seward Highway - ™ Chugach State Park = Parallels a connecting trail to the Iditarod National Historic @ Seward Scenic Highway National Scenic Byway ™ Seward Highway scenic corridor managed to retain scenic Trail ™ Parallels existing transmission line = Dispersed recreation quality = Concentration of known historic properties along the = Community of Girdwood at east end = Natural zone management area = High elevation views of Tummagain Arm northern shore of Turnagain Arm between Girdwood and = Foreground recreational views along Highway and Bird Bird Point Point QC.E.50 Parallels existing transmission line = Recreation facilities along Seward Highway - Chugach State Park = Cluster of known sites in Girdwood area and along Turnagain Arm Parallels the primary route of the Iditarod National Historic Trail Primarily non-forest lands adjacent-Foreground retention VQO Views from Portage, Seward Scenic Highway and Portage Glacier Access Road Primarily non-forest land adjacent-foreground and middleground partial retention VQO Views from Seward Scenic Highway and Turnagain Pass rest area Known sites in Portage area Parallels the primary route of the Iditarod National Historic Trail Known sites along Seward Highway Parallels a connecting trail to the Iditarod National Historic Trail Chugach National Forest and Seward Scenic Highway foreground managed for retention Foreground views from dispersed recreational areas and trails Foreground views from highway Known sites along Seward Highway Parallels a connecting trail to the Iditarod National Historic Trail Chugach National Forest and Seward Scenic Highway- adjacent areas managed as retention VQO Foreground views from highway Known sites in Granite Creek area Parallels a connecting trail to the Iditarod National Historic Trail QC.D.2.10 chugach/human.tbl = Chugach National Forest = Conservation easement Planned recreation/interpretive facilities at Bird | ™ Point Aerial crossing will dominate the landscape within a 2 mile distance and would overwhelm vies from Bird Point and selected locations along Hope Highway Recorded sites in the vicinity of Sunrise and Bird Point Conservation easement and Chugach National Forest Conservation Easement managed for preservation values Adjacent to Sixmile Creek D-11 Conservation easement managed for preservation values Chugach National Forest Retention VQO Foreground views from Sixmile Creek and Sixmile Creek access points, Hope Cutoff Highway Parallels a connecting trail to the Iditarod National Historic Trail Concentration of known historic properties along the Seward Highway south of Hope Cutoff Land Use/Jurisdiction Quartz Creek Bird Point Area Alternative (Underground) QC.D1B.10 ™ Submarine HUMAN AND CULTURAL RESOURCE DATA Recreation Management Areas and Facilities Visual Resources Cultural Resources = Recorded sites at Bird Point = Planned recreation/interpretive facilities at Bird Point Submarine crossing - foreground views at proposed Bird Point scenic area @ Sixmile Creek = Recommend underground line and transition facility at Bird Point and Sixmile Creek QC.D.2.10 ™ Chugach National Forest ™ Parallels existing distribution line ™ Rural residential cabins adjacent to Sixmile Creek = Conservation easement and Chugach National Forest Conservation Easement managed for preservation values = Adjacent to Sixmile Creek Conservation easement managed for preservation values = Chugach National Forest Retention VQO = Foreground views from Sixmile Creek and Sixmile Creek access points, Hope Cutoff Highway ™ Parallels a connecting trail to the Iditarod National Historic Trail = Concentration of known historic properties along the Seward Highway south of Hope Cutoff chugach/human.tbl D-12 NATURAL RESOURCE DATA NATURAL RESOURCE DATA Link Code / Biology Geologic Features and Hazards | Marine Characteristics Primary Tesoro Route - WwW NY TE.A.10 Beluga Whales spring and summer Strong tidal currents Anadromous fish passage Potential ice scour Potential bottom scour Nn Swan nesting habitat Low liquefaction potential 6 Beluga Whales spring and summer Near shore bluff erosion Anadromous fish passage Strong tidal currents Major ice scour potential df 3 bald eagle nests Low liquefaction potential Anadromous fish streams - route crosses Miller Creek, Seven Egg Creek, Otter Creek, and an unnamed Creek Extensive shrub bogs, forested wetlands Swan nesting habitat Waterfowl nesting habitat 8 No biological concerns Low liquefaction potential Waterfowl nesting habitat 9 Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Swanson River Low liquefaction potential N/A Waterfowl nesting habitat 10 TE.J-K.110 Bald eagle nest Low liquefaction potential Waterfowl nesting habitat 11 TE.J-K.120 Swan nesting habitat Low liquefaction potential Sensitivity - major 12 Primary Tesoro Anchorage Area Route 13 TE.A.10 Beluga Whales spring and summer Strong tidal currents Anadromous fish passage Potential ice scour Potential bottom scour 14 Swan nesting habitat Low liquefaction potential N/A 15 Beluga Whales spring and summer Near shore bluff erosion Anadromous fish passage Strong tidal currents Major ice scour potential 16 Tesoro Anchorage Area Alternative (A) 17 Beluga Whales spring and summer Strong tidal currents Anadromous fish passage Potential ice scouring Coastal Marsh Shallow intertidal Potential bottom scour 18 Swan nesting habitat Low liquefaction potential 19 Beluga Whales spring and summer Strong tidal currents Anadromous fish passage chugach/natural.tbl D-13 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 chugach/natural.tbl Link Code Biology in| Tesoro Anchorage Area Alternative (B) NATURAL RESOURCE DATA 7 Geologic Features and Hazards Marine Characteristics No biological concerns Moderate liquefaction potential N/A Beluga Whales spring and summer Anadromous fish passage Coastal Marsh Waterfowl concentration area spring/fall Submarine Strong tidal currents Potential ice scouring Shallow intertidal Potential bottom scour TE.D.40 Swan nesting habitat Sensitivity - moderate Low liquefaction potential N/A Beluga Whales spring and summer Anadromous fish passage | TE.E.50 Tesoro Anchorage Area Alternative (C) Strong tidal currents | Submarine Moderate liquefaction potential TE.B.15 No biological concerns TE.F.60 Beluga Whales spring and summer Anadromous fish passage Coastal marsh TE.F.70 Beluga Whales spring and summer Anadromous fish passage Tesoro Anchorage Area Alternative (D) Submarine Submarine Strong tidal currents Near shore bluff erosion Heavy ice scour potential AN.10 Route crosses one anadromous fish stream (Campbell Creek) Moderate liquefaction potential AN.20 Extensive Muskeg (Klatt Bog) AN.30 AN.70 TE.F.70 Beluga Whales spring and summer Anadromous fish passage Coastal marsh Primary Tesoro Captain Cook Area Alternative Extensive Muskeg (Klatt Bog) Moderate liquefaction potential Beluga Whales spring and summer Anadromous fish passage N/A Strong tidal currents Potential ice scouring Potential bottom scour Submarine Submarine Strong tidal currents TE.G-H.90 Waterfowl nesting habitat TE.1.100 Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Swanson River Waterfowl nesting habitat TE.J-K.110 Bald eagle nest Waterfowl nesting habitat Low liquefaction potential N/A Low liquefaction potential N/A Low liquefaction potential N/A D-14 [ Link Code NATURAL RESOURCE DATA Biology 1 ce Captain Cook Alternative (A) | Geologic Features and Hazards Marine Characteristics 2 TE.1.130 | Primary ENSTAR Route 2 bald eagle nests Anadromous fish streams - route crosses Swanson River and Bishop Creek Swan nesting concentrations Waterfowl nesting concentrations Major sensitivity Low liquefaction potential N/A EN.A.20 EN.A.50 ] Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Campbell Creek Moderate liquefaction potential No biological concerns Moderate liquefaction potential nan un & W EN.B.80 | Waterfowl nesting area Waterfowl staging area Coastal marsh habitat - Potters marsh Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Rabbit Creek Major sensitivity 7 EN.C.90 Beluga Whales spring and summer Anadromous fish passage Coastal wetlands Waterfowl concentrations (spring/fall) Moderate sensitivity Low liquefaction potential Submarine Bald eagle nest Black and brown bear concentration area Adjacent to waterfowl concentration area Moderate liquefaction potential 9 pExe 110 Swan nesting habitat near Trapper Joe Lake Lowland Caribou Summer Range Anadromous fish streams - route crosses six tributaries of Chickaloon River and three tributaries of the Moose River Brown bear concentration area Spring, summer, and fall moose range 10 QC.M.1.30 Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Moose River Black and brown bear concentrations Waterfowl nesting area Waterfowl concentration area (spring/fall) Moderate swan use Moderate sensitivity Low liquefaction potential Potential ice scouring Strong tidal currents in center of channel Potential bottom scour N/A N/A Low liquefaction potential N/A 11 QC.M.1.70 12 Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Soldotna Creek Moderate swan use Waterfowl nesting area Low liquefaction potential N/A Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Soldotna Creek chugach/natural.tbl Low liquefaction potential N/A D-15 - WwW NY 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 chugach/natural.tbl NATURAL RESOURCE DATA Link Code Biology Alternative ENSTAR Routes Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Campbell Creek Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Rabbit Creek EN.A.20 EN.A.50 No biological concerns EN.B.80 Waterfowl nesting area Waterfowl staging area Coastal marsh habitat - Potters marsh Major sensitivity EN.C.90 Beluga Whales spring and summer Anadromous fish passage Coastal wetlands Waterfowl concentrations (spring/fall) Geologic Features and Hazards Marine Characteristics Moderate liquefaction potential N/A Moderate liquefaction potential N/A N/A Low liquefaction potential Submarine ENSTAR Anchorage Area Alternative (A) EN.A.10 EN.A.40 EN.B.70 EN.C.90 Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Campbell Creek Moderate liquefaction potential No biological concerns Moderate liquefaction potential Adjacent to waterfowl nesting area Adjacent to waterfowl concentration area (spring/fall) Low liquefaction potential Beluga Whales spring and summer Anadromous fish passage Coastal wetlands Waterfowl concentrations (spring/fall) ENSTAR Anchorage Area Alternative (B) AN.10 AN.20 AN.30 AN.80 Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Campbell Creek Submarine Extensive Muskeg (Klatt Bog) Moderate liquefaction potential Extensive Muskeg (Klatt Bog) Beluga Whales spring and summer Anadromous fish passage Waterfowl concentration Coastal wetlands Major sensitivity ENSTAR Anchorage Area Alternative (C) AN.10 AN.40 AN.50 EN.A.50 Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Campbell Creek Extensive Muskeg (Klatt Bog) No biological concerns No biological concerns Moderate liquefaction potential Strong tidal currents N/A N/A N/A Strong tidal currents Moderate liquefaction potential N/A N/A N/A Potential ice scouring Strong tidal currents in center of channel Potential bottom scour Moderate liquefaction potential Moderate liquefaction potential N/A N/A Moderate liquefaction potential Moderate liquefaction potential N/A N/A D-16 oO worNntnanun & W 10 16 chugach/natural.tbl NATURAL RESOURCE DATA Link Code Biology Geologic Features and Hazards EN.B.80 Waterfowl nesting area Low liquefaction potential Waterfowl staging area Coastal marsh habitat - Potters Marsh Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Rabbit Creek Major sensitivity EN.C.90 Beluga Whales spring and summer Submarine Anadromous fish passage Coastal wetlands Marine Characteristics N/A Waterfowl concentrations (spring/fall) ENSTAR Anchorage Area Alternative (D) AN.10 AN.40 AN.50 Strong tidal currents EN.A.30 EN.A.40 EN.B.70 EN.C.90 Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Campbell Creek Moderate liquefaction potential N/A Extensive Muskeg (Klatt Bog) Moderate liquefaction potential N/A Moderate liquefaction potential N/A No biological concerns Moderate liquefaction potential N/A Extensive Muskeg (Klatt Bog) Moderate liquefaction potential N/A Adjacent to waterfowl nesting area Low liquefaction potential N/A Adjacent to waterfowl concentration area (spring/fall) Beluga Whales spring and summer Submarine Strong tidal currents Anadromous fish passage Coastal wetlands Waterfowl concentrations (spring/fall) ENSTAR Anchorage Area Alternative (E) EN.A.10 EN.A.40 EN.A.60 No biological concerns Moderate liquefaction potential Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Campbell Creek Moderate liquefaction potential No biological concerns Moderate liquefaction potential Waterfowl nesting area Low liquefaction potential Waterfowl staging area Coastal marsh habitat - Potters Marsh Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Rabbit Creek Major sensitivity Beluga Whales spring and summer Submarine Anadromous fish passage Coastal wetlands Waterfowl concentrations (spring/fall) D-17 N/A N/A N/A N/A Strong tidal currents on nun & WY NY 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 chugach/natural.tbl NATURAL RESOURCE DATA Link Code Biology Geologic Features and Hazards Marine Characteristics ENSTAR Anchorage Area Alternative (F) AN.10 Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Campbell Creek Moderate liquefaction potential N/A AN.40 Extensive Muskeg (Klatt Bog) Moderate liquefaction potential N/A AN.50 No biological concems Moderate liquefaction potential N/A EN.A.30 No biological concerns Moderate liquefaction potential N/A EN.A.40 Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Campbell Creek Moderate liquefaction potential N/A No biological concerns Moderate liquefaction potential N/A | Waterfowl nesting area Waterfowl staging area Coastal marsh habitat - Potters Marsh Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Rabbit Creek Major sensitivity Low liquefaction potential N/A = Beluga Whales spring and summer Submarine Strong tidal currents Anadromous fish passage Coastal wetlands Waterfowl concentrations (spring/fall) Primary ENSTAR Soldotna Area Alternative Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Moose River Black and brown bear concentrations Waterfowl nesting area Waterfowl concentration area (spring/fall) Moderate swan use Moderate sensitivity Low liquefaction potential Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Soldotna Creek Moderate swan use Waterfowl nesting area Low liquefaction potential Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Soldotna Creek Low liquefaction potential ENSTAR Soldotna Area Alternative (A) No biological concems Low liquefaction potential Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Moose River Brown bear habitat Waterfowl concentration area (spring/fall) Low liquefaction potential Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Soldotna Creek Waterfowl nesting area Low liquefaction potential Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Soldotna Creek Moderate swan use Waterfowl nesting area Low liquefaction potential D-18 - WwW NY oO ona 10 al 12 13 14 1S 16 17 18 chugach/natural.tbl NATURAL RESOURCE DATA Link Code Biology Geologic Features and Hazards | Marine Characteristics QC.M.1.80 Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Soldotna Creek Low liquefaction potential | N/A ENSTAR Soldotna Area Alternative (B) QC.M. 1.20 No biological concerns Low liquefaction potential N/A QC.M.1.40 Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Moose River Low liquefaction potential N/A Brown bear habitat Waterfowl concentration area (spring/fall) QC.M.1.60 Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Soldotna Creek Low liquefaction potential N/A Moderate swan use Waterfowl nesting area QC.M.1.80 | Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Soldotna Creek Low liquefaction potential N/A ENSTAR Soldotna Area Alternative (C) QC.M.1.20 No biological concerns Low liquefaction potential N/A QC.M.1.10 No biological concerns Low liquefaction potential N/A QC.M.2.10 Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Kenai River three Low liquefaction potential N/A times Bald eagle nest Waterfowl migration corridor Major for waterfowl sensitivity Primary Quartz Creek Route QC.A.10 Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Campbell Creek Low to moderate potential avalanche zone N/A QC.B.20 Dall sheep habitat Moderate to low potential avalanche zone N/A Mountain goat habitat Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Indian Creek QC.C.30 Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Bird Creek Moderate potential avalanche zone N/A QC.D.40 Coastal marsh habitat High to low potential avalanche zone N/A Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Glacier Creek QC.E.50 Coastal marsh habitat Moderate to low potential avalanche zone N/A Waterfowl concentration area (spring/fall) Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Twentymile River Moderate swan use Bald eagle nest QC.F.60 Anadromous fish streams - route crosses Portage Creek, Placer | N/A N/A River Waterfowl concentration area (spring/fall) Waterfowl migration corridor QC.G.70 Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Ingram Creek Moderate potential avalanche zone N/A Old Growth Spruce - Hemlock D-19 10 11 12 je) 14 chugach/natural.tbl NATURAL RESOURCE DATA Link Code Biology | Geologic Features and Hazards Marine Characteristics QC.H.80 No biological concerns | Moderate to low potential avalanche zone N/A QC.1.90 QCc.J.100 QC.K.110 Bald eagle nest Moderate potential avalanche zone N/A Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Granite Creek Moose fall/winter range | Dall sheep habitat Moderate to low potential avalanche zone N/A Mountain goat habitat Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Quartz Creek Bald eagle nest Moose winter range Moderate sensitivity 12 bald eagle nests Low potential avalanche zone N/A Moose winter range Adjacent to Dall sheep and mountain goat habitat Anadromous fish streams - route crosses Quartz Creek, Kenai River, Copper Creek, and the Russian River Moderate sensitivity QC.L.120 Anadromous fish stream - route crosses east fork Moose River | Low liquefaction potential N/A Brown bear habitat QC.M.1.15 No biological concerns Low liquefaction potential N/A QC.M.1.30 QC.M.1.70 QC.M.1.80 QC.M.1.15 QC.M.1.30 QC.M.1.70 QC.M.1.80 Primary Quartz Creek/Soldotna Area Routes Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Moose River Black and brown bear concentrations Waterfowl nesting area Waterfowl concentration area (spring/fall) Moderate swan use Moderate sensitivity Low liquefaction potential N/A Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Soldotna Creek Moderate swan use Waterfowl nesting area Low liquefaction potential N/A Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Soldotna Creek N/A Low liquefaction potential No biological concems Low liquefaction potential N/A Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Moose River Low liquefaction potential N/A Black and brown bear concentrations Waterfowl nesting area Waterfowl concentration area (spring/fall) Moderate swan use Moderate sensitivity Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Soldotna Creek Low liquefaction potential N/A Moderate swan use Waterfowl nesting area Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Soldotna Creek Low liquefaction potential N/A D-20 NATURAL RESOURCE DATA Link Code | Biology Geologic Features and Hazards Marine Characteristics Waterfowl nesting area 1 Soldotna Area Alternative Route (A) 2 QC.M.2.05 No biological concerns | Low liquefaction potential N/A 3 QC.M.1.10 No biological concerns Low liquefaction potential N/A 4 QC.M.1.40 Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Moose River Low liquefaction potential N/A Brown bear habitat Waterfowl concentration area - spring/fall Moderate sensitivity 5 QC.M.1.60 Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Soldotna Creek Low liquefaction potential N/A Moderate swan use QC.M.1.80 Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Soldotna Creek | Low liquefaction potential N/A Soldotna Area Alternative Route (B) o on an QC.M.2.05 No biological concerns Low liquefaction potential N/A QC.M.2.10 Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Kenai River three Low liquefaction potential N/A times Bald eagle nest 10 Quartz Creek/Soldotna Area Alternative (C) a 2 feemno No biological concerns Low liquefaction potential N/A No biological concerns Low liquefaction potential N/A 13 Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Moose River Low liquefaction potential N/A Brown bear habitat Waterfowl concentration area (spring/fall) 14 Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Soldotna Creek Low liquefaction potential N/A Waterfowl nesting area 15 Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Soldotna Creek Low liquefaction potential N/A Moderate swan use Waterfowl nesting area QC.M.1.70 16 QC.M.1.80 Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Soldotna Creek Low liquefaction potential N/A chugach/natural.tbl D-21 10 11 12 13 14 chugach/natural.tbl Link Code Biology Primary Quartz Creek Bird Point Area Route NATURAL RESOURCE DATA Geologic Features and Hazards lL. Marine Characteristics Coastal marsh habitat Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Glacier Creek Moderate sensitivity QC.D.40 High to low potential avalanche zone N/A Coastal marsh habitat Waterfowl concentration area (spring/fall) Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Twentymile River Moderate swan use Bald eagle nest Moderate sensitivity QC.E.50 Moderate to low potential avalanche zone N/A QC.F.60 Anadromous fish streams - route crosses Portage Creek, Placer River Waterfowl concentration area (spring/fall) Waterfowl migration corridor Moderate sensitivity Moderate liquefaction potential QC.G.70 Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Ingram Creek Old Growth Spruce - Hemlock Bald eagle nest Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Granite Creek Moose fall/winter range QC.H.80 No biological concerns Moderate to low potential avalanche zone Quartz Creek Bird Point Area Alternative (Aerial) Moderate potential avalanche zone Moderate avalanche zone QC.D1A.10 Beluga Whales spring and summer Anadromous fish passage Bald eagle nest Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Sixmile Creek Moderate sensitivity QC.D.2.10 Moose fall/winter habitat Bald eagle nest Quartz Creek Bird Point Area Alternative (Underground) QC.D.1.B.10 Beluga Whales spring and summer Anadromous fish passage Bald eagle nest Anadromous fish stream - route crosses Sixmile Creek Moderate sensitivity Moderate Liquefaction N/A Strong tidal current Heavy ice scour Potential bottom scour Moderate potential avalanche zone N/A Moose fall/winter habitat Bald eagle nest QC.D.2.10 Moderate potential avalanche zone D-22 Strong tidal currents Heavy ice scour Potential bottom scour