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Home My WebLink AboutLower Kuskokwim Single Wire Ground Return Transmission System Phase I Report 1980LOWER KUSKOKWIM SINGLE WIRE GROUND RETURN TRANSMISSION SYSTEM PHASE I REPORT Prepared for: STATE OF ALASKA Prepared by: RETHERFORD W. RETHERFORD ASSOCIATES DIVISION OF INTERNATIONAL ENGINEERING COMPANY, INC. ANCHORAGE, ALASKA JUNE 1980 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION ; PAGE 1 INTRODUCTION 1-1 2 PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF REPORT 2-1 2.1 Purpose 2-1 2.2 Scope 2-1 3 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 3-1 3.1 Summary 3-1 3.2 Recommendations 3-3 4 GENERAL CONCEPTS 4-1 4.1 Present Situation 4-1 4.2 Single Wire Ground Return Transmission of Electricity 4-2 5 FINDINGS — 5-1 5.1 Public Sentiment : 5-1 A. Institutional Response “ 5-1 B. Individual Response 5-3 5.2 Technical Determinants 5-4 A. Geotechnical 5-4 1. General 5-4 2. Local Site Geology & Geography 5-7 B. Environmental 5-8 5.3 Environmental Assessments and Subsistence Concerns 5-16 A. Ecosystem 5-16 B. Environmental Impact Assessment 516 C. Subsistence Concerns 5-17 5.4 Transmission Line Routing 5-17 stakl/b2 SECTION 6 stak1/b3 PRELIMINARY DESIGN AND COST ESTIMATES 6.1 Basic Design Criteria 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 Structure Design A. B. C. D. Physical Design Design Calculations Anchors . Vibration Dampers Electrical Characteristics A. B. Series Impedance Shunt Capacitive Reactance Construction Methods A. Manual Erection Techniques (no Helicopter) B. Helicopter Erection Techniques Substations A. Earth Electrode System B. Transformers, Switchgear, Miscellaneous Interfacing to Present Systems A. B. Bethel Napakiak Construction Cost Estimates Ror TrOnNmMoorwyp Engineering 700-Foot Spans 7#8 Alumoweld - One Wire Manual Erection Techniques Helicopter Erection Techniques Transportation Cost Materials Crew Check-Out Equipment Rental Living Expenses Cost Bethel Terminal Cost Napakiak Terminal Total Project Cost (Post Insulator Structure) -ji- SECTION PAGE 7 LEGAL ASPECTS 7-1 7.1 Native Hire 7-1 7.2 Owner/Operator 7-1 A. During One Year Demonstration Status 7-1 B. After One Year Demonstration Status 7-2 7.3 Licensing 7-2 7.4 Mechanics of Energy Puchase 7-2 7.5 Rights-of-Way Permits 7-3 7.6 Waiver NESC i 7-3 APPENDICES A RIGHTS-OF-WAY AGREEMENTS, PERMITS, AND APPLICATIONS B ORGANIZATIONS, ADDRESS AND PHONE NUMBERS c BETHEL TRIP REPORTS D PHOTOGRAPHS REFERENCES =e stakl/b4 FIGURE aoa Iv-1 IV-2 V-1 V-2 V-3 V-4 V-5 V-6 V-7 V-8 V-9 VI-1 VI-2 VI-3 VI-4 VI-5 VI-6 VI-7 TABLE Veh LIST OF FIGURES Key Map SWGR Transmission System, Bethel to Napakiak Typical SWGR System Supply for Rural Electrification Regional Geology Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta Region Permafrost Areas Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta Region Annual Heating Degree Days Annual Freezing Degree Days Annual Thawing Degree Days Snowfall Distribution Wind Velocity Sunlight and Darkness Proposed Routing Bethel-Napakiak SWGR Transmission Line "A"-Frame Structure, Hairpin Bridge Suspension Insulators "A"-Frame Structure, Post Insulator Fall-of-Potential Earth-Resistance Test Ground Well Assembly Well Log Napakiak System Intertie Napakiak-BIA School Connection LIST OF TABLES Normal Means and Extremes Equivalent Wind Chill Temperature -iv- stakl/b5 PAGE 1-2 4-4 4-6 5-6 §=10 S11 5-12 5=13 5-14 5-15 5-19 6-3 6-4 6-13 6-16 6-18 6-21 6-22 5-14 SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION Recognizing the need for a new approach to electrification of interior and western Alaska, the Alaska Power Administration contracted for an engineering study and report to focus on the Bethel vicinity villages. This report, titled "A Regional Electric Power System for the Lower Kuskokwim Vicinity - A Preliminary Feasibility Assessment" prepared for the United States Department of the Interior, Alaska Power Administration was completed in July, 1975 and examines electric energy supply problems in some detail. Villages outlying from Bethel typify the problems associated with providing reliable and economic electric power to remote interior and western Alaska communities. Alternatives for generating electric energy are now limited to the combustion of high-cost, imported fossil fuels (gasoline or diesel oi]1) in generating units serving one to fifty individual residences in these isolated villages. The community of Bethel (Pop. 3400) has an electric utility operating larger, more efficient diesel units and is delivering electricity to consumers at prices about one-half those of the isolated systems (AVEC residential users at 37¢ per kwh and Bethel Utility residential users at 17¢/kWh in 1979). Transmission systems that could deliver Bethel generated electricity to outlying communities at a competitive cost were examined in the APA Study. Conventional electric transmission or distribution lines to inter- connect the nearest villages appeared marginally competitive but the most significant accomplishment of the APA report was the preliminary technical and economic analysis of an innovative electric transmission system suited to the Kuskokwim region. The concept stakl/c sso i | k 1 t DULL TT LED SWGR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT “site cocajion® RJ § TO 1 “| sete, “PSA 7? : CS Sons, ‘ = Lm 2m SA OS \ t Chiymk BR to AW LN hae eS OCH - 2 Cain ve tne py ~ KEY MAP FIGURE E-I proposed was for a minimum cost Single-Wire-Ground-Return (SWGR) line to be operable at voltages of 25 - 40 kilovolts depending on distances and loads served. To reduce costs of the SWGR concept, a basic and simple gravity-stabilized "A-Frame" structure was envisioned, which could be largely constructed of local materials and erected by small labor crews without the use of heavy machinery. As a result of the APA report [1], the continuing interest of Alaskan villages and the urgency to find solutions toward reducing the cost of electrical energy in these villages, the Division of Energy and Power Development proposed a demonstration project. The legislature then appropriated $540,000 in the FY80 capital projects budget to construct a Single-Wire-Ground-Return Demonstration Project in the Bethel area. The appropriation is being administered by the State of Alaska, Department of Commerce and Economic Development, Division of Energy and Power Development. More specifically these funds are earmarked for construction of a SWGR demonstration project to any or all of the four following villages: (1) Napakiak, (2) Akiachak, (3) Oscarville, and (4) Napaskiak The following report contains the findings, conclusions and recom- mendations as determined during the Phase I study for the SWGR demonstration project. [ ] Numbers in brackets refer to numbered materials listed in the "List of References". stakl/c Les SECTION 2 PURPOSE AND SCOPE SECTION 2 PURPOSE AND SCOPE 2.1 PURPOSE The purpose of this report is to determine the feasibility of con- structing the demonstration SWGR transmission system in sub-arctic soils and conditions. Robert W. Retherford Associates’ project role is to: A. Identify local support for the SWGR systems and potential owner/owners and operators. B. Identify design and non-design constraints and conditions imposed by the geographical location of tentatively selected routes for the system and C. Design the SWGR system to connect interested villages to Bethel. 2.2 SCOPE The scope of the work in this project is in two phases. This report contains those items listed under Phase I below to include the gathering, compilation, analysis and presentation of the informa- tion relevant to the design of a SWGR demonstration project in the Bethel area. stakl/d eh Phase I of the Project involved the following: A. Survey of local individual and institutional support and cooperation for the PROJECT. B. Site information research. C. Preliminary field investigations. D. Reconnaissance surveys and routing investigation. E. Investigation of availability and suitability of local labor and materials. F. Preliminary design and cost estimates. Phase II, if authorized by the State, is to involve final design, construction, construction management, and follow-up inspections of the Project. This report has been prepared with the objective of implementing a demonstration SWGR project to test the economic and technical aspects of a minimum cost SWGR electric transmission system in western Alaska. stakl/d 2-52 SECTION 3 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS SECTION 3 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 3.1 SUMMARY A demonstration SWGR transmission system project to interconnect the communities of Napakiak, Oscarville, Napaskiak and Akiachuk has been proposed. This project would demonstrate the feasibility of constructing a SWGR system in sub-arctic soils and conditions. The following is a summary of the findings determined during the contract for Phase I services: A. Public sentiment in the Bethel area is in favor of construct~ ing the SWGR demonstration project. B. Institutional response is in general agreement with the Project. The major restriction imposed is by the Bureau of Indian Affairs, limiting their right-of-way agreement to a period of five years. Cc. Individual response favored the Project but with reservations concerning granting of easements across individual native allotments. D. Of the four village communities mentioned in the appropriation _ the community of Napakiak expressed the greatest desire to participate in the Project. E. A line routing was selected which avoids all individually owned private lands, conveyed or unconveyed. stakl/i 3-1 F. Minimal environmental and subsistence impact is anticipated. G. Field investigations indicate that a satisfactory earth con- nection can be obtained at both Napakiak and Bethel. H. A SWGR transmission system interconnecting Napakiak to Bethel jis technically feasible. I. Local native spruce is unavailable during the 1979 winter/1980 spring construction season. J. Cost estimates to interconnect Napakiak to Bethel a distance of approximately 9 miles, is $246,090 (helicopter construc- tion). This equates to an average per mile cost of $27,343/mile. If the cost of air freight is subtracted from this cost, the per mile cost equates to $24,648. It should be recognized that the initial Demonstration Project is handicapped with research and development costs which would not be required in future SWGR projects. It is probable that future SWGR projects can be constructed at an even lower per mile cost. K. The State of Alaska, Department of Labor has granted a one year waiver to rule 215C of the National Electrical Safety Code (NESC) for the purpose of the SWGR demonstration Project. A modification of the law regarding the NESC in Alaska may, however, be required for continued use of the demonstration Project and for future SWGR construction. L. Helicopter construction techniques are estimated to be $2,446/mile less expensive than manual erection techniques ($24,648 helicopter versus $27,094 manual). This equates to an approximate 10% savings in construction costs. stakl/i 3 2rue 3.2 RECOMMENDATIONS Recommendations concerning the SWGR Project are as follows: A. A demonstration SWGR transmission system project to inter- connect the community of Napakiak to Bethel be constructed. Construction of the Project begin immediately so that the Project can be completed during the 1979 winter/1980 spring construction season. Local native labor should be employed wherever practicable. Cedar utility poles, full length treated, be used in the construction of this first SWGR transmission Tine. The proposed transmission line routing as shown in Figure V-9 be accepted by the STATE. Materials for construction of the SWGR system should be air freighted to Bethel. The required right-of-way permits obtained from the appropriate organizations be accepted by the STATE for the periods indicated. A sum of Ten Thousand Dollars be set aside by the STATE from the Project funds for the purpose of contracting operation and maintenance of the Project during the period of STATE ownership. The Bethel Utilities be contracted to provide the service listed in Item H. Additional public meetings be conducted in Bethel to provide opportunity for public participation before a new owner/ operator is selected. stakl/i 3-3 K. The State of Alaska, Department of Commerce and Economic Development, Division of Energy and Power Development accept the Phase I Report with the understanding that a supplement to the Phase I Report will be issued subsequent to completion and energization of the Napakiak segment. The supplement will address unfinished work remaining under our contract agreement with the State. L. Use of a helicopter to ascertain its effectiveness and value in constructing the SWGR transmission line should be tested. M. Initiate appropriate action to amend Rule 215C of the NESC. N. A Phase II contract agreement, between the firm of Robert W. Retherford Associates and the State of Alaska, incorporating costs and other reasonable provisions as set forth in the Phase I report, be written. stakl/i S82 SECTION 4 GENERAL CONCEPTS SECTION 4 GENERAL CONCEPTS 4.1 PRESENT SITUATION The city of Bethel (about 400 miles west of Anchorage) is located near the geographical center of an area including the lower Kuskokwim River basin and the Yukon River delta. This area of about 56,000 square miles encompasses the 56 villages (including Bethel) counted within the Calista Corporation boundaries under the Alaska Native Land Claims Settlement Act. Bethel is the largest community, has an excellent airport and is the terminus for major river traffic bringing freight from the North Pacific for the Kuskokwim Basin. From Bethel shipment is continued by smaller river craft or air to final destination. There is no road system in the area and much of the land is tundra generously sprinkled with lakes. Overland movement is limited primarily to the winter season although some travel has been accom- plished by geophysical crews using ORV's during the summer weather. The river is used as a roadway during the winter season after the ice has thickened. Snowmachines provide the most competent mode of travel in winter. Some higher ground exists and mining operations using standard vehicles, trucks, bulldozers, etc. take place during the summer when the water supply allows for hydraulic processing methods. Cat trails are established in the winter time and heavy freight is moved to staging areas where summer roads can connect. The area is wholly situated in a discontinuous permafrost zone with frost depths to 600 feet. The low flat land is primarily fine- grained sand or silt. Thaw bulbs exist adjacent to the deeper stakl/f 4-1 river channels and lakes. Potable water is found by drilling wells through the permafrost. Along the Kuskokwim, wells have been successful at 185 to 200 feet. Electrical service throughout the area is mostly from small village or individually owned diesel-electric units except at about 20 villages, served by AVEC (Alaska Village Electric Cooperative) and the city of Bethel which is supplied by the privately owned and operated Bethel Utilities Corporation. 4.2 SINGLE WIRE GROUND RETURN TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRICITY The Single-Wire-Ground-Return (SWGR) transmission concept described in this report has evolved from a recognition of certain basic facts concerning electric energy in remote western and interior Alaska, which are: A. Small electric loads and the geographic distribution of vil- lages presently limit electric energy supply to small, inef- ficient fossil-~fueled generating plants. B. Fuel prices in the western and interior regions, already uniquely high, face the probability of continued escalation. C. Conventional three-phase electric transmission/distribution systems to intertie the outlying communities to more efficient generating plants (such as those at Bethel or Kotzebue) are often impractical because high initial costs penalize the transmitted energy rates. stakl/f oe D. A transmission system using a Single-Wire-Ground-Return (SWGR) line promises excellent electrical performance [1] [4] [7] [8] [10] and a substantially lower initial capital cost and therefore a lower transmitted energy cost than conventional transmission. E; The SWGR line can be constructed using a high percentage of ‘local labor and local resources in areas that need gainful employment as well as lower cost electricity. F. The incentive to develop new alternative energy sources (such as appropriate scale hydroelectric power in the area) [2] is dependent on an economically viable electric transmission scheme that can feasibly deliver such energy to the villages. The SWGR transmission concept is one which proposes to deal with these conditions. The use of a single energized wire and earth return circuit is not common, but is an accepted system of proven use in several areas of the world [7] [8] [9] [10] [11]. Three phase equipment can also be successfully operated from this system by using phase converters [6]. The SWGR transmission lines suggested here are point-to-point with a carefully established grounding system at each point. (See Figure IV-1). The design of these grounding systems would comply with presently accepted standards for limiting potential ground gradients and would be similar in design to a grounding system in todays' high voltage substation. The substation established at each end would then connect to a local multi-grounded distribution system as commonly used today throughout Alaska and the other 49 states. stakl/f 4-3 ee Sy SWGR BETHEL TRANSMISSION GENERATION > 72 KV 7 #8 ALUMOWELD, 9 MILES 1 : Z= 21.15 +] 13.5.2 = 14.4 KV are Poe ey arene ener — NAPAKIAK DISTRIBUTION 480 V 7.2KV -14.4KV 14.4 KV — 480V 200 KVA, 3% 100 KVA,3% BETHEL NAPAKIAK EARTH ELECTRODE EARTH ELECTRODE (WELL CASING) (MULTI-DRIVEN RODS) SWGR TRANSMISSION SYSTEM, BETHEL TO NAPAKIAK FIGURE IZ -! The fifth edition of the National Electrical Safety Code (NESC) allowed the use of the ground as a conductor for a power circuit in rural areas; however, the most recent edition does not. An exception would be required to Rule 215C of this code. . The use of the earth as part of an electric power circuit as proposed herein has been reviewed with the State of Alaska, Department of Labor, Electrical Inspection staff and attorneys from the Department of Law. A one year waiver to the recent provisions of the NESC has been granted by the Department of Labor for the demonstration project. A modification of the law regarding the NESC in Alaska may however, be required for continued use of the demonstration Project and for future SWGR construction. A demonstration project to supply central station electrical energy to isolated villages in the Bethel area using the SWGR system is presently under consideration. This project will develop the technical and economic parameters of the system. A presently envisioned SWGR system would be used to connect several smal] outlying villages within a given geographical area to a centrally located, larger, more efficient, generation facility thereby eliminating the need for each small village to operate their own generating vacility. (Figure IV-2). stakl/f 4-5 CENTRAL GENERATION © VILLAGE SUBSTATION FIGURE Iv-2 TYPICAL SYSTEM FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION SECTION 5 FINDINGS SECTION 5 FINDINGS 5.1 PUBLIC SENTIMENT A program to initiate interest and response to the SWGR demonstration project officially began in the Bethel area on December 18, 1979 with the opening of the first in a series of four public meetings. Additional meetings were then held in Napakiak on January 24, 1980, Akiachuk on January 25, 1980, and again in Bethel on February 4, 1980. Representatives of various local, state and federal organizations which were considered to be affected by the Project or interested in participating in the Project, along with the general public were invited to attend the meetings. The concept and purpose of the SWGR Demonstration Project was explained in these public meetings. Support for and opposition to the Project, routing of lines, availability of local labor and materials, operating and maintenance arrangements, the system's ownership, comparative energy costs, efficiency, environmental impact and other technical, economic and institutional issues were addressed. A synopsis of the minutes of each meeting including an attendance roster can be found in Appendix C, "Bethel Trip Reports". A. Institutional Response The Project was well received by most organizations contacted. However, of the four village communities mentioned in the appropria- tion, the community of Napakiak expressed the greatest desire to stakl/g 5-2 participate in the Project. The villages of Atmautluak and Kwethluk who were not specifically mentioned for inclusion in the Project, were represented at one or more of the meetings and expressed a strong desire to participate in any future SWGR projects. Because of the interest expressed in the Project by Napakiak, the relatively short distance from Bethel to Napakiak, and the limited time for organizing and completing construction this winter ('79-'80) it was decided to concentrate the initial efforts toward completion of the SWGR demonstration project to Napakiak. The proposed routing of the transmission line to Napakiak will cross lands occupied by the BIA Bethel headquarters site, BLM lands and lands encompassed by withdrawals and selections of the Bethel Native Corporation and the Napakiak Corporation. To secure the required rights-of-way and permits necessary for constructing the Project, the following organizations were appraised of the nature of the Project: Akiachuk Napakiak Napaskiak Oscarville Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) Bethel Native Corporation (BNC) Nunam Kitlutsisti PON Anrwn pe Association of Village Council Presidents (AVCP) Bethe] Utilities U.S. Fish and Wildlife Alaska Coastal Management Program PHP HH wry Oo Corps of Engineers H > State of Alaska, Department of Transportation stakl/g B= 2 15. State of Alaska, Department of Labor 16. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Division 17. State of Alaska, State Clearinghouse 18. State of Alaska, Department of Environmental Conservation 19. International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Union 1547 20. National Electrical Contractors Association The major restriction imposed thus far, is by the Bureau of Indian Affairs, limiting their right-of-way agreement to a period of five years. B. Individual Response While the individuals as a group favored the construction of the Project, several individual native allotment owners expressed hesi- tation in granting temporary rights-of-way across their land. Their primary concerns appeared to be as follows: 1. Once the project was constructed and proved feasible, the temporary right-of-way might somehow become permanent. 2. A road to Napakiak might be constructed along the trans- mission line corridor in the future. 3. No type of compensation was being offered to the allotment owners for the use of the temporary right-of-way. 4. Unknown disposition of the line after the one year of State ownership. To simplify right-of-way procurements a transmission line routing was selected which avoids all individually owned private lands and all but a single pending native allotment. (See Section 7). stak1/g be= 3 5.2 TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS A. Geotechnical 1. General a. The largest geologic unit of the Yukon-Kuskokwim Coastal Plain is the delta itself. This delta consists of three very similar units (See Figure V-1, symbols Q, Qp, and Qh). These chiefly consist of silt, sands, silty sands, and organic soils (peat bogs) (Hoare and Conrad, 1959). The sediments of the Q, Qp, and Qh units are a complex of river deposits, marine deposits, swamp deposits and wind deposits. The Qh unit, which forms river floodplains and beach deposits, contains minor amounts of gravel. The area surrounding Bethel is composed of Qp units, that is older silts, sands and peat. b. Seismicity - The area in question is located within Seismic Zone 1. (Uniform Building Code, 1976). Ce. Permafrost ~- The Yukon-Kuskokwim delta area lies within the discontinuous permafrost region of Alaska (Péwe, 1975, p. 45). Figure V-2 (from Ferrians, 1965) shows that on a regional basis, four different permafrost regimes occur in Alaska. The most wide-spread of these includes the entire delta area and parts of the surrounding uplands. The routing of the Napakiak transmission line being considered is in this regime. It has fine-grained soils with thick to thin permafrost. The permafrost is usally encountered at a depth of less than 10 feet and varies from about 15 feet thick to as much as 600 feet thick (Williams, 1970 p. 40) Permafrost is locally absent near large bodies of water. stakl/g 5-4 cc Seemed om — > ba ey ee arty Pe eqs th MAO Weer eat NEN Vb og Cray net ge ¥ 4 rs > =f. A%>>}74e Wea Ges ave lay evi ye NY PTS ° Sia? S573 644 2 e ae erote 7 : ms nr ely ’ vets as]. a bere rr v7 aay nt a> v “ cas > v eaAaeae, DOTA ret rata a ace, 7 ee ah 6 slay 7 ¥ aE ist UNOIFFERENTIATED SILTS t SILTY SANDS, AND PEATS. YOUNGE SILTS, SILTY SANDS ANOGRAVELANDPEAT. Bete = OLDER SILTS, SILTY SANDS AND PEAT. oy ae VOLCANIC ROCKS. Se Source: OLOER UNDIFFERENTIATED BEDROCK I Belkman, 4. M. 1978, Preliminary Geologic Map of Alaska U, S. Geological Survey ee REGIONAL GEOLOGY YUKON- KUSKOKWIM DELTA REGION FIGURE: v-1 ees ———~ a ores oo Seana! omniene en cope aE sneaes, HATE cnnaen, I came, A memes THICK TO THIN, SHALLOW PERMAFROST IN __ AREAS OF FINE-GRAINED SOILS: PERMAFROST LOCALLY ABSENT NEAR WATER BODIES NUMEROUS ISOLATED MASSES OF PERMAFROST IN AREAS OF COURSE-GRAINED SOILS !SOLATEO MASSES OF DEEP OR THIN SHALLOW PERMAFROST ISOLATED MASSES OF PERMAFROST IN MOUNTAINOUS AREAS Source: Ferrians, 0. 3.1965 Permatrost Map of Atasxa U.S. Geological Survey, Map 1-445 PERMAFROST AREAS YUKON - KUSKOKWIM DELTA REGION FIGURE V-2 2. Local Site Geology and Geography a. Napakiak - The village of Napakiak lies adjacent to Napakiak Slough within the floodplain of the Kuskokwim River. The area is composed of former sloughs and past meanders of the Kuskokwim River. Therefore, the geology of Napakiak consists of soils deposited by the Kuskokwim River. The higher ground in the area consists of natural levees which have been deposited along the banks of past and present river channels. Alders dominate the higher ground. Soils in the area consist dominantly of silt with subordinant sandy silt, silty clay and organic silts. The depth of the organic layer varies from a few inches in the higher regions to several feet in the former river channels. b. Bethel - The proposed take-off point in Bethel for the Napakiak line is located just east of the Bureau of Indian Affairs headquarter building. The area is located on a bluff at an approximate elevation of 125 feet MSL, and is three and one half miles from the nearest meander of the Kuskokwim River. This bluff region, which extends from Bethel to near Napakiak, is tundra covered and dotted with numerous shallow lakes. The drilling log obtained for the well, scheduled to be used as the primary earth electrode at the Bethel end of the SWGR system, indicates the soils in the area consist mainly of silt with subordinate sandy silt, silty clay and organic silt. Ce Permafrost and Seasonal Frost Conditions - Seasonal frost penetration varies widely depending on snow cover, organic layer, severity of the winter, etc. Permafrost is expected to be discontinuous in both Napakiak and Bethel. Much variation in depth to permafrost and thickness of permafrost is expected in the area. J stakl/g Bei] B. Environmental 1. The inland influences of the continental climatic zone predominate in the Bethel area. Local conditions are also affected by marine influences from the Bering Sea. Strong winds are primarily from cyclonic storms that move inland from the North Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea. 2. Temperature - A large temperature range characterizes the continental climate with measured extremes in Bethel ranging from -40°F to 86°F. Annual temperatures average between -3°F and 20°F in winter and 39°F to 62°F in summer. Based on information for Bethel, the mean total heating degree days is 13,200. The estimated mean total days below 0°F is 77 (Table V-1). The average "freeze-up" date of the Kuskokwim River at Bethel is October 29, and the average "break-up" date is May 15. a. Precipitation ~ The average annual precipitation is about 18 inches (water equivalent). Distribution of that precipita- tion throughout the year, can be seen in Table V-1. Snowfall averages 50 inches annually. Snowfall distribution for Alaska is shown in Figure V-6. b. Wind - Wind speed data is presented in Figure V-7. A basic design wind speed for Bethel, 30 feet above ground, was selected as 65 mph, [14], [15]. This is based on the highest recorded wind speed of 62 mph. Using this wind, a basic wind pressure design load of 10.8 psf was computed. Formulation of this value was based on the National Electrical Safety Code, 1977 Edition. For winter construction purposes, the combination of cold temperatures and strong winds could make the wind chilling effects hazardous to working personnel. Applicable wind chill] temperatures are shown on Table V-2. stakl/g 5-8 eerste woe een rn — —— C7 NORMALS, MEANS AND EXTREMES cal Precipitation (inches) Sumthing ‘Annual me * Nesting ive humidity ( percent) ' jen 3 Normol (1931-1060) agree days ae Snow @ (mon) Temperotvre = (1031-1080) mol Extremes Sunrise to wuneet % | tener | wy (1931-1960) Tenvory wy a woe] Mie nd Stotie: 3 — 2 3 3 ¢ i } t sly ‘ t 3 v3 : t g t € 3 3 Pt 2 517 :]ltsl 2 | deli) 2 lesdseslslestesl§]./3 Hala [t Adallzela| i tilt > 2 3 it sa] 2 ‘BS [8 Mig 2i8siseigZiss| 2) >| 2 2 3 Bo g ales eng i ili 2| i [eed [ae] a] ogee Ae Ree eRe gala lala] ge de]2|Fied|3 | ~ + ALABAMA 000g 20.33) | BIRMINGHAM 2551) 6.00) 269: 53005) 1766 T 705) O06 1e6} Ge4] 80 | 60 | 65 8 | 62 | 66 | 86g Se 5] 41) 61) 100 | 149 | 182 | a16 Liss 0 ° HUNTSVILLE 204] 86 | 68 | TL | 66 | 58) 63 | 94% Se 46) 10$ | 105 | 189} 110] 2] $0 | 20 37 ° MOBILE 1560) 3e9/ 80 | 63 | TO | 6e | ot | TE i Tea) 63) oz | 120 | 343) 223) # | 19) 97 ord ° MONTGOMERY aza 265,83 | 61 | OS | 90 | 62 | OT | Tem be 60} 47 64 105 | 108 | 152 | los eferjaz oT ° ALASEA 8 ANCHORAGE PR 2/1966) 10865) 1767 a a2 ANCHORAGE 10648) 1664) 235 a Lipa az ANNETTE 1069) 2) bee?) 265 16 ajir ar BARROW 20174 isso x30 bias 7] eles] BARTER ISLAND 19862 Ino ¥66 M9 as}e[m] oe BETHEL aa 2ae as 1/60 wa TILES 201 zw] fs] 35 G OCLTA 1040) ae oe) dp az a” ¢ouo BAY 9080 303 izfoefre) conoova, 1969 9768 262 ssf zfiz| FAIRBANKS 14279) 200) zs 2 >| 20 3 GULKANA 1040) ale is ej ie 30 NORER 2a nr tel os] 2 it TLTAMNA 1969 4567) ae az ojaz 10 JUNEAU 9075] 3140) ar ae ej) az we 5 KING. SALON 11383 oe) 205 is} r}oe| t0 on Korreout 16105 o.2 ne nze 206 ws] afaol os c MCGRATH vazes| 3.79] O64 15.2] % 232 2 ie] 29 ry Otome rsi7i| 9580] 066 ses howd as a7 wstos ' STs PAUL TSLAND tsigs] 92291 ove 13 ie m ww] e}sz] 0 SHEMYA, your] 276 10d 1b. ase 296 i} ele] o wo <t summit 28.0 13 | 276 al oalarl os 1 TALKEETNA 3633] 007 d6.0h 16] 2b w]e] ej a _ UNALAKLEET. ‘ Dae 10% 65) 221 ty z2).7 6 YAKUTAT 300 3204 n 49| 279 sy} z{as] 3 ARIZONA FLAGSTAFF ThS2) 2.84] O85]! T 40} 168 100 Te} 201 51 t ° PHOCNIK 1763) 040 7 7 e4 ahh n oy o| 2 2 ° PRESCOTT 1964) 9362) Ow? 7a) TX 74 Be oe eo} 6] 46 ‘ e TUCSON 1800) Ovd 5% ei Td 196 u soy i} 40 1 ° WINSLOW aTe2 Od 3 aye ow sy] 9] de ’ e YUMA 1217! 0250] 9.01} a4] 0d 9g 245, av{ as] of ria ° ARKANSAS FORT smithy 3292] 5426] 2666 38 8g rd izs| os] tas] 99} 39] 56 . LITTLE ROCK D219) Se28) 2.82) 6% 49° 7G 322 97 | 146] Loz 2) 56 € TEXARKANA i968 2333) 5630) 2e 7H 126 95 | tae 8 1] 62 ° CALIFORNIA KERSFIELD 2122 3 1 “ zo} 79] 93] a7] 0] 9 ° ti sion aaa ] fos] tel Mel de] 3] a3 : BLUE CANYON m 9507 BAe m 75) 63] 227 Oo) 40] a2 ° BURBANK 1965) 1646) 187 | 102 as] ts ° EUREKA U 4043] sq si} 54 9 ur] oe} 5 ° FRESNO 2492 43 51) 9q 201 | 72 asl oel oe ° LONG BEACH am “4 ise] 125 29] 0 . ° LOS ANGELES 1799) 62) Let) 217] 207 33] 0 > ° LOS ANGELES U 1349) “ TH 64 185 | 106 ™ 33} 0 6 ° KT SHASTA $122 i rox] 05] ait] 90] 21] a3 . OAKLAND 2870) “ 445] 114] 106) 63) © 2 ° POINT ARGUELLD 1963 3595) 16 #9 | 160 ° 2 ° RCO BLUFF 2315 sy sy ad ar) 97) aan 1] 10 0 SACRAMENTO 2773) 1 44 94 196) OT) Loe ° 3s ° SACRAMENTO U 1964 2587] ° SANDBERG RK 4209) 2664 3865, 46 | 56157) 40) 25] 28 PIedi2— 7 209 to] 1% 7 . ° SAM DIEGO 1839 T 1] 69 | Sa] 55 | 83] 70] 57) S04 be Si] 740 64 153) 116] 96 ° 3 >. SAM FRANCISCO 3012] 7 1.5) 66 | 60 | 67 8] 6S) OL | Toll de 3a 162] 103} 100) 62 » a ° SAM FRANCISCO Uc 3001 tr} t a2] 68 se] 7s] otieg al sq oi 1} of 2 ° SANTA CATALINA 1968 tho ayy} oe] va} az} of 6 ° SANTA MARIA 1 Thar 60 8) 68 | 6z 1t7 | los ao} 46 ° 2 ° STOCKTON 2676 ¥ tT} 90 70) 63} 40] 25 a6 ise Te | 202 oa ° 3 ° Source: REA Bulletin 62-1 — ers ALASKA HEATING DEGREE DAYS ANNUAL HEATING DEGREE DAY DISTRIBUTION FIGURE V-3 Source : 5 - 10 Alaska Regional Profiles FREEZING DEGREE DAYS ANNUAL FREEZING DEGREE DAY DISTRIBUTION FIGURE V-4 Alaska Regional Profiles Source: 5-11] LAP t. Barrow OCEAN THAWING DEGREE DAYS ANNUAL THAWING DEGREE DAY DISTRIBUTION FIGURE V-5 Source: Alaska Regional Profiles 5 - 12 3 n Zz g rd > Ro 20 Ho Zw Qn mH Fw aH wo a rl Hw ° Z 9-A FWaNSIA eysety J BN oo 2 soTTjoig Teuo 20 3o oO Yaa? 107° miles O75 0 228 lometers Adapted from National Weather Service and U.S, Geological Survey Average wind speed Extreme wind speed Percentage frequency of occurance Ss BETHEL WIND VELOCITY FIGURE V-7 Source: Alaska Regional Profiles COOLING POWER OF WIND EXPRESSED AS "EQUIVALENT CHILL TEMPERATURE” | WIND SPEEDO meee eee TEMPERATURE (°F) HOUR i Ino] | CALM 401/35 |30]25 |20|15 | 10 | 5 | o | -s |-10 |-15 |-20 |-25 |-30 |-35 |-40 |-45 |-50 |-ss5 pee | 7 EQUIVALENT CHILL TEMPERATURE 5 | 55 [20 [2s z0]is |1o | 5 | o iz -10 |-15 |-20 ] -25 |-30 [-ss [+0 -45 = -65 bona 10 | 20 20 ]15 |10 | 5 | © |-10 |-15 |-20 }-25 |-35 |-20 |-45 |-so |-60 = -70 |-75 |-80 |-90 | | 15 25]15 [10] 0 -20 | -25 |-30 |-a0 |-45 |-s0 |-60 |-65 |-70 | -ao |-as |-90 |-100 |-105 20 20] 10 | 5 [o -25 |-30 |-35 |-45 |-50 | -60 |-e5 [> |-20 -85 |-95 fro. 10 [us 25 is | 10 [e -5 -30 |-35 |-45 |-50 |-60]-65 | -75 |-80 |-90 |-95 |-105 |-110 |-120 fies 30 to} 5 | o J-10 -25 |-30 [+0 f-s0 -55 |-65 |-70 ]-so }-aes |-95 [00 “10 fous iz “130 35 1o | s |-s |-10 -20 | 25 -40 |-s0 -co|-es “75 -20 |-20 -100 |-105 }-05 “20-130 7135 40 10 “95 1-100 |-110 1 “30 [ss "45 “us fees [0 WINDS ABOVE 40 HAVE LITTLE DANGER INCREASING DANGER GREAT DANGER LITTLE AQDITIONAL (Flesh moy freeze within! min.) (Flesh moy freeze within 30 seconds) EFFECT. DANGER OF FREEZING EXPOSED FLESH FOR PROPERLY CLOTHED PERSONS EQUIVALENT WIND CHILL TEMPERTURE TABLE V-2 Source: Alaska Regional Profiles 5 - 14 SL -S 8-A duNOIs Ssahoivd GNV LHOTINAS - + + NUOUS SUNLIGHT]. AND TWILIGHT Hl i . / / / \ Hi EA COVERED BY THE NORTH P WES @0an0g SoTTJoOig [TeuoTZey eyseTV The curved lines are labeled in hours and represent the combined hours of sunlight and civil twilight for different latitudes and months of the year. Hours of darkness can be estimated by computing the difference between the value of the line and the total of 24 hours. The northernmost and southernmost latitudes of the Northwest Region are indicated by solid horizontal lines. 5.3 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS AND SUBSISTENCE CONCERNS [17] A. Ecosystem 1. Vegetation - The wet tundra system is found in areas with little topographic relief. Standing water is almost always present. The most extensive area of wet tundra is the lower Kuskokwim Delta. 2. Fisheries - All five species of salmon are present in the Kuskokwim River, with chum and king salmon the most abundant. 3. Mammals - Investigations indicate that caribou, moose, wolf, wolverine, grizzly bear, and black bear are seldom found on the Kuskokwim Delta. 4. Birds - The Yukon-Kuskowim deltas are without equal for production of geese, including 50 percent of all black brant, 80 to 90 percent of all cackling geese and emperor geese and essentially all the white front geese migrating to the Pacific flyway. The delta is also a major nesting area for whistling swans. Raptors are uncommon in the tundra habitat of the delta region, but a few are seen on the delta each year. Rough-legged hawks and marsh hawks are the most common. The delta provides habitat for numerous varieties of shore bird species. Resident game birds are grouse and ptarmigan. B. Environmental Impact Assessment Investigation indicates that a SWGR transmission system would have little, if any, environmental impact in the areas surrounding Bethel. The SWGR transmission line using relatively low height stakl/g 5 - 16 "A-frame structures of approximately 32-35 feet, in conjunction with long span lengths (i.e. 700 feet between structures) would minimize visual impact. The gravity stabilized free standing "A-frame" structures constructed in winter will minimize damage to the tundra environment. Although the transmission line will pass near numerous small lakes it should pose little hazard to waterfowl and birds of the area with only a single wire in the air space. With winter construction anticipated, disturbance of waterfowl during installation is not expected. The transmission line will span a narrow (approximately 200 feet wide) slough of the Kuskokwim River west of Napakiak but no major stream crossings will occur during construction of the initial project. c. Subsistence Concerns The existence of a SWGR transmission line in the area surrounding Bethel should have a minimal affect on subsistence harvest in the region. Salmon is the single most important food item of the subsistence economy. No major stream crossing will occur during the construction of the initial project which eliminates any possible adverse affect to subsistence fisheries. (The transmission line will in most cases be located on higher ground inland from large streams to prevent possible flood damage.) The transmission line could in fact prove beneficial to area residents during white-out conditions by providing a readily recognizable trail between villages. 5.4 TRANSMISSION LINE ROUTING The SWGR transmission system is proposed to begin at an abandoned well site just east of the BIA headquarters site in Bethel. Mr. Bud Prince, Bethel BIA superintendent, called attention to the stakl/g 5-17 abandoned well casing located on BIA lands and suggested it. might prove useful for the earth electrode system located at the Bethel end of the. SWGR system. The planned SWGR transmission line route would proceed southwest from the well site for approximately 7% miles and would be routed along the higher terrain extending southwest from Bethel and passing 1 miles west of Napakiak (See Figure V-9). The line would turn sharply eastward, decending from the bluff region across the Napakiak Slough, and paralleling a smaller slough for an additional 1%s miles to a point just west of the Napakiak airport. The "A"-frame over- head construction would terminate at this point. The line would then proceed underground north of the airport, reemerge east of the airport and continue into the Napakiak power plant using conventional distribution design. (See Appendix D for photos of terrain along “route). The transmission line would traverse both conveyed and unconveyed lands encompassed by the Bethel Native Corporation and Napakiak Corporation, Bureau of Indian Affairs lands, BLM lands and a single pending Native allotment. Major factors which were considered in selection of the final transmsission line routing are as follows: Ease in procuring rights-of-way. Suitability of take-off point from Bethel system. Site location of earth electrodes at ends of system. Tie-in-point to Napakiak system. moo wo py Environmental concerns. stakl/g 5 - 18 “BIA SITE J BETHEL 1 5-19 Selection of the major portion of the routing was mainly influenced by the first four factors. Environmental factors, however, played a significant role in determining the location of structures used to span the Napakiak Slough and the location of the final 1’ miles of line routing into Napakiak. These locations were selected to minimize damage to the structures from ice and floods and to insure sufficient line clearance above the Napakiak Slough to avoid con- flict with reported small boat traffic. stakl/g 5 - 20 SECTION 6 PRELIMINARY DESIGN AND COST ESTIMATES SECTION 6 PRELIMINARY DESIGN AND COST ESTIMATES 6.1 BASIC DESIGN CRITERIA The following basic design criteria are used for the preliminary design calculations: A. K. Design wind speed: 65 mph at 30 ft. height [14], [15]. Along roads in rural districts general loading conditions, except for wind (See A above): NESC heavy. Conductor minimum vertical ground clearance NESC for 40 kV. Peak electrical demand at Napakiak: 50 kVA. Operating voltage: 14.4 kV line to ground. Insulation level: Overhead 40 kV, underground 25 kV (Napakiak airport). Napakiak system voltage: 480 V, 3 @ wye. Bethel system operating voltage at interface point: 7.2 kV delta. Allowance for structure settlement: 12 inches. General safety code requirement: National Electrical Safety Code, 1977 edition. Overhead line construction grade: Grade C. stakl/e 6-1 6.2 STRUCTURE DESIGN A. Physical Design Lack of a road system, permafrost, and limited or no accommodations for construction crews throughout most of the region being studied establish some limitations that must be dealt with to find appropriate solutions. Conventional construction techniques and line designs might be used - but at premium costs. Two structure designs considered most adaptable to these limitations are based on the use of an A-frame structure shown in the following sketches labeled Figures VI-1 and VI-2. These two designs, although almost identical in calculated performance, vary in material and fabrication requirements. It is hoped that it will be possible to field test both designs. It is believed that these designs have certain features that will provide unique opportunities for their use over the terrain of this region, as follows: , 1. The structures can be built using a maximum of local products and manpower. The legs of the A-frame may be made from Jocal spruce that grows along the major river systems of the region, or commercially treated utility poles. 2. The structures have transverse stability from gravity alone and need not penetrate the earth. Longitudinal stability is obtained through the strength and normal tension of the line conductor. This requires the shortest length of legs to provide the ground clearances needed for safety. Additional longitudinal stability would be provided by fore and aft guying at suitable intervals. It is proposed to field test a conductor break to establish the criteria for added longitutional guying. stakl/e 6-2 L = "A'-FRAME STRUCTURE, HAIRPIN CONNECTOR SUSPENSION INSULATORS FIGURE “UT-1 ieee 5" DIA. 10'x4"x4"x/4" ANGLE IRON 4.75" DIA. lo" DIA. "A" FRAME STRUCTURE POST INSULATORS FIGURE W-2 The Single Wire configuration contributes to minimum cost by utilizing high-strength conductors that require a minimum number of structures. For example: A single-wire line constructed using 7#8 Alumoweld high-strength (Approximately 16,000 Ib. breaking strength) wire, electrically equivalent to a #4 ACSR conductor will require one half as many structures per mile as the #4 ACSR under the same NESC Heavy Loading Design Conditions. B. Design Calculations Design calculations have been performed to determine a satisfactory balance between structure height, leg slope, span length, overturn and conductor ground clearance. To facilitate calculations a computer program was developed and utilized that calculated overturn on an "“A"frame structure for various structure heights, leg slope, wind speeds, etc. In addi- tion the program calculates the location for attaching insulator strings to the structure and the resulting conductor height. The program calculates overturn force by summing moments at the base of the down-wind pole, attributable to the various forces acting on the structure and conductor due to wind and ice loading. Calculations provided by this program resulted in the configuration of the two "A'-frame structures described. stakl/e 6-5 General specifications for these structures are as listed below: 1. Overall Height 2. Conductor w Conductor Height (Initial) (Final) Span Length Allowance for Settlement Conductor Sag @ 60°F Conductor tension @ 60°F oO NN ODO oO Minimum Conductor Clearanc (Mid Span) with Settlement (60°F) 9. Base width 10. Poles, penta treated ll. Structure weight (less Conductor) Suspension Insulator e Structure 35! 7#8 Alumoweld 31'-8" 30'-8" 700! 12" 5'-0" 3186# 25'-g" 27' 30'Class 7 900# Assumption used in the calculations are: Post Insulator Structure 31'-8" 7#8 Alumoweld 31'-8" 30'-8" 700! 12" 5 ' -g" 3186# 25'-8" 27' 30'Class 7 750# 1. Wind velocity on structure is non-linear and varies according to the following equa tion. v= (BF 0.2 x 65 Where V = velocity at height hi on structure. stakl/e 2. Full force of wind is acting equally on both legs of the structure. The two structures shown are tangent structures. (See Appendix D). Dead-end structures are fabricated primarily the same as tangent structure except for the deletion of the post or suspension insulator(s) and the addition of strain insulators plus the necessary guying and anchoring. Structures are designed to withstand, without the addition of anchors or bogshoes, up to and including a 65 mph wind without overturning. . Cc Anchors Because of the uncertanties in soil conditions which might be encountered along the length of the proposed transmission line, several types of anchors are under consideration. They include the following: Screw type anchors Plate and/or "Patent" anchors Log anchors Concrete anchors arf wn Expansion anchors It is anticipated that a small portable drilling unit will be used to drill holes to suitable depths (10 to 12 feet) in the frozen ground. Expansion anchors (6", 8-way expanding type) can be installed in these holes. stakl/e 6-7 D. Vibration Dampers The windy flat open terrain encountered between Bethel and Napakiak is ideal for generating severe vibration in the SWGR transmission line. To moderate any possible vibration problems, vibration dampers will be installed on the line. Two types of vibration dampers are being considered for use, one is a wrap around vibration damper similar to armor rod and is produced by Preform Line Products, the second is a stockbridge type damper. The preformed damper would be used at both ends of all spans. The stockbridge damper used at one per span. 6.3 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Series impedances and shunt capacitive reactance for 7#8 Alumoweld conductor have been calculated using the following formulas. A. Series Impedance 2160 /p/f r_ + 0.00159 f + j0.004657f 10949 GMR zg c mF resistance of conductor per mile f = frequence in Hz p = earth resistivity in ohm meters GMR = geometric mean radius of conductor stakl/e 6-8 B. Shunt Capacitive Reactance = y! 1 < . Xx t 1/3 X @ in Megohms per mile =< it} 0683 2 1094 : (Capacitive Reactance at 1 ft. spacing) a 423 logy 5 2h (Zero Sequence Shunt Capacitive Reactance Factor) h = height above ground in ft. i. = frequency in Hz r = conductor radius in ft. The Tine data have been calculated with the following assumptions: Frequency: 60 Hz Height above ground: 30 ft. Earth Resistivity: 100 Ohm-m (thawed muskeg) 1000 Ohm-m (perma frost) Ground Electrode Resistance: 0 Ohms at each end 60 Hz IMPEDANCES AND SHUNT CAPACITIVE REACTANCES R GMR(Ft) Z_ (ohm per mile) X (Ofim Diam. p= 100 p= 1000 (Meg Shm Conductor Size Per Mile) Cinch) Ohm-m Ohm-m Per Mile) 7#8 Alumoweld 2.354 .0116 2.449 + 2.449 + - 244 - 385 j 1.504 j 1.643 stakl/e 6-9 6.4 CONSTRUCTION METHODS The A-frame, gravity stabilized design form allows the use of a unique, engineering/construction technique that is hoped will reduce both engineering and construction costs. A description for constructing this type of line with and without the use of a helicopter is as follows: A. Manual Erection Techniques (No Helicopter) An engineer (supervisor) with a crew of local men with snowmachines, chain saws, portable drill (small drilling unit capable of operation by two men for drilling small diameter holes in permafrost) small tools, sleds, etc. proceeds in this manner: 1. Advance group runs a centerline, locates structure points and where trees are present clears a narrow track by falling and trimming a limited amount. (Similar to survey slash). 2. Part of the crew with drill is establishing anchor position and lays out conductor. Once sufficient anchors are installed, anchored structures (i.e. deadends, angles) are erected with conductor appropriately attached. Conductor is tensioned to appropriate tension using dynamometer. 3. At previously selected structure locations, a crew assembles a structure completely and fastens it permanently to the conductor (all lying on the ground). The crew lifts the structure at the point of attachment while the stress in the conductor is being maintained at the appropriate tension. 4, After all structures with a given section (i.e. between anchoring points) have been erected, conductor is tension to desired tension and spliced. stakl/e 6 - 10 5. Clearing crew continues cleanup of right-of-way, cut danger trees, etc. and plumbs structures. 6. Engineer directs the installation of anchors as required for angles, further dead-ending and storm guying. B. Helicopter Erection Techniques 1. Same as Manual Techniques. 2. Same as Manual Techniques. 3. Crew assembles structures at designated construction yards. Helicopter then flies structures to previous selected structure locations. Crew properly orients structure to conductor (all lying on ground). With all structures with a given section delivered, crew attaches a single structure to conductor and helicopter lifts structure into position while appropriate tension is maintained in conductor. Process is repeated until all structures within section are erected. 4. Same as Manual Techniques. 5. Same as Manual Techniques. 6. Same as Manual Techniques. Costs for an SWGR line constructed using the A-Frame design, high- strength conductor and the construction techniques as outlined in helicopter erection above is estimated to be about one-third (1/3) the cost of an equivalent 3 %, 4-wire line of similar construction. stakl/e G- 1F 6.5 SUBSTATIONS A. Earth Electrode System Field investigations were conducted at both the Napakiak and Bethel end of the SWGR system for the purpose of locating low resistivity soils in which to construct the earth connections. Two types of instruments were employed during these investigations, a Geonics EM-31 soil conductivity tester and a Biddle Earth Tester. The most significant feature of the EM-31 is that it requires no physical contact with the soil. By merely traversing an area carrying the EM-31 it is possible to determine the conductivity of the soil Photographs of each of these instruments being operated can be found in Appendix D. The results of these investigations are as outlined below. 1. Napakiak - Two days of field investigations were conducted in Napakiak. The first days' investigation consisted of surveying the area surrounding Napakiak using a Geonics EM-31 soil conductivity tester, with the objective of locating areas of high conductivity (i.e. low resistivity) soils. Several areas were investigated and their locations are as listed in Appendix C, Bethel Trip Report #3. Readings obtained with the EM-31 varied from 22 millimhos per meter in known ice over water locations to lows of 12 millimhos per meter in areas on "higher" ground. After analyzing the results of these tests, the second days' activity was spent to further investigate a site just north of the Napakiak airport (i.e. north of 3rd pole from west end of power line) using the Biddle Earth Tester (See Figure VI-3). The Biddle Earth Tester required probes be placed in the earth, and so a series of four holes were excavated as shown in the photographs, Appendix D. The excavation revealed a snow-ice layer approximately 3% feet thick, stakl/e 6 - 12 Source Ammeter P. : C: ot a WY AALAATAT ALT ATALITITAD ALITA] /SYDVSY TUALLY Electrode Earth ; being tested 62%D : « Typical field set-up for voltmeter-— ammeter Fall-of—Potential method. Earth . *~ Blectrode PS WAS RARER UDRRSRURLRE URRY ys VVC Tyg yr Earth 62%D D Ve A Fall-of Potential earth-resistance test using a Megger Earth Tester. FIGURE VI- 3 6 - 13 covering a one foot layer of frozen soil, followed by water saturated silt. A one inch diameter test auger was then drilled ten feet into the unfrozen soil. Soil resistivity tests using the Biddle Earth Tester were then accomplished as follows. Using the auger as the electrode under test, and employing the fall-of-potential test method, the resistance of the single rod buried to a depth of 10 feet was determined to be 40 ohms. This equates to a apparent resistivity of approximately 13,000 ohm-cms. A soil resistivity test using the Wenner test array at 30 ft spacing was then accomplished. Results of this test indicated an apparent soil resistivity of 9500 ohm-cm. Using the above data and employing a two layer earth model [18], it is possible to calculate the theoretical resistance of a single rod of any given length. For a 30-feet long rod this equates to a resistance of 12.2 ohms. With this knowledge it then becomes possible to determine the number of electrodes required for any earthing system resistance desired. The table below lists the number of 30 feet long electrodes required for the earthing resistances listed. Resistance Number of Electrodes Desired (Ohms) Required 12.2 10 5 2.5 1 NOPNMEH stakl/e 6- 14 Above calculations assume the following conditions: Top layer resistivity = 13000 ohm-cm, Height top layer = 10 feet, Bottom layer resistivity = 8000 ohm-cm Rod length = 30 ft. Rod diameter = 3/4 inches oI WwrrH rele hie lis The results of the above calculations indicate, that with an expenditure of a reasonable amount of materials a low resistance earth connection can be readily obtained at Napakiak. It is anticipated that 6-8, 30 feet long rods giving a resistance value ranging between 3.1-2.5 ohms, will be employed in the Napakiak earth electrode system. These rods will be placed 30 ft apart ina straight line and interconnected with 2/0 copper conductor. The top of each rod will be buried approximately 3 feet below the soil. 2. Bethel - The resistance-to-earth of the abandoned well casing, located adjacent to the B.I.A. headquarters site (See photos Appendix D) was measured using the Biddle Earth Tester employing the fall-of-potential test arrangement. The results of three tests indicated the resistance of the well casing to be 10 ohms. Although the presently measured value of 10 ohms is quite acceptable, it is preferred to have a resistance in the neighborhood of 5 ohms. Additional investigation at the well site will be conducted to determine if the presently installed pump can be readily removed and electrode assembly as shown in Figure VI-4 can be installed. It is believed such an electrode assembly may lower the present resistance when used in parallel with the existing well casing. stakl/e 6-15 Two h/0-Awe stranded copper conductors to ground grid Approximately 80 ft of 4/0-Awg copper conductor arranged in four loops as shown an@ tied together with copper strands ELECTRODE ASSEMBLY NOTES: 1. Well shall be uncasea. 2. Well shall extena 15 ft below water line if unyielding rock is not encountered. 3. Electrode shall be forced to bottom of well and leads connected to earth electrode systen. 4. Well shell be back filled. Ground Well Assenbly , FIGURE VI-4 6 - 16 The excavation required for placement of the test electrode revealed a snow cover depth of between 2 to 3 feet, an 8 to 12 inch layer of frozen soil, followed by unfrozen silt. Test electrodes were driven 2 feet into the unfrozen soil. No augering was performed at this site to determine the depth to which the soil may have been unfrozen. Figure VI-5 is a copy of the well log of the well under test and gives a list of the types of soil encountered but does not list frozen and unfrozen soil zones. Further investigation will be performed at this site to verify early test results and attempt to determine the depth of the unfrozen layer of soil. B. Transformer, Switchgear, Miscellaneous Pole mounted double bushing single phase transformers are preferred for both the Bethel and Napakiak areas. The voltage and kVA ratings, of the transformers are proposed as follows: 1. Bethel, 7.2 kV - 14.4 kV, 250 KVA. 2. Napakiak 480 V - 14.4 kV, 100 KVA. The SWGR system operating voltage and transformer kVA ratings were selected to allow future system expansion without penalizing the initial system with unreasonable cost and/or system losses. The transformer in Bethel would be mounted on a pole adjacent to the abandoned well house. The grounded conductor would connect to the earth electrode system located in the well house. The "hot" lead from the transformer would be connected to the overhead conductor suspended from the initial "A"-Frame structure. The transformer would be protected by fused cutouts in both the high and low sides to insure rapid and reliable clearing under fault conditions. The high side fuse would be located on the pole stakl/e 6 - 17 saaea st ee al aan 3 a a sa aT ese ie U.S. ARMY (Solero operated Wiewen meer | | , ( Feren ine f j / Seertass Mi -Lit? bump *42 or app equot | : cacsoundtoon pone -okechone tran / PLAN on PUMPHOUSE wor Scole Bete) o> By get wire hope wits 4 clamps 1 Se" bain wt angle Yor We ope tot? with Prats pee prerereneeversury i eee = . ELEVATION nkeete biel END VIEW ° k. GASOLINE STORAGE TANK ; j| | casiag'2 inte Net & Scale [| | concrete Cap ' | sore" \ | | Lba4 HS Pach toe sell : Le 24" outer casing i | magnt of grovet PH erate el ics” sur vb : : sf 59- Sas : ET |; 7 éo- 3 ey yd ay 8 sin mal sf | yee as ey. A be — 8 oF | POPU bac outer coining nworas:* : + t ie eeL.| 7 £ fea sheer no) en secatian of nen well ae : || | Recgw eee aoters . : = OL Song.ng 2 cagen | 2 See sheer no 8 for wen tectural ba¢rveturil eeterle of é : i 4 Romances we. * 7 i | | | +f See aheet no 16 for electeeel derete of Ponphause dint, H6— -~—— —i ! + i y it Ae ne wound Seater mete! ; 7 Siit some chay{Cb t Q | 7 LLL PS crower pat , \ i il t c \ ES 460 ———_—_—_ i ryt : i T F : NOTE: -—T t = Sit sand-gray |S™ | 1 Bite of stramar stot copot + § | ore greveron of a b+ $1 aur a) - Gerry at | Soomro by Contconting Tes [atest waar fre sasd-gray ‘| SFowileelaneen cr 7 CORPS OF ENGINEERS atin wernt SS tence aaa aa ety vv OFFICE OF THE DISTRICT ENGINEER. = OUTSIDE UTILITIES 7 SECTION A-A i BETHEL A.F. STA., ALASKA. a 7e wel wes a* 2 vepth of 5B ++ Scale “+7 Oo" WATER & SEWER OT eek en an 12 Cer, ISR aaa PUMPHOUSE NOI— WELL & PIPING . [yyus; | DETAILS AND SEWER PROFILE Le keericas : i 7 OWN Ler gpmcn— —- =a Ll “Baness - DRAWING HAS BEEN REDUCED AF SAOssl wen 2 oF 1G FIGURE VI-5 adjacent to the well house. The low side fuse would be located approximately 600 yards away at the beginning of the presently abandoned power line. (see Section 6.6, Interfacing). The transformer at Napakiak would be mounted on a pole adjacent to the existing powerplant. The transformer would be located some distance from the earth electrode system and an overhead "ground" wire would be installed to connect the transformer and electrode system. This transformer would also be protected, on both high and low sides by fused disconnects. It is conceivable that a recloser could be installed at the Bethel substation to further improve system reliability. Miscellaneous gear would include such necessary items as current and potential transformer, meter bases and meters required to meter power at both Bethel and Napakiak. 6.6 INTERFACING TO PRESENT SYSTEM A. Bethel Interfacing to the Bethel system should present little difficulty. In interfacing to the Bethel system it is simply necessary to reconductor and reinsulate approximately 600 yards of an abandoned power line (see photos Appendix D), which will interconnect the Bethel Utility system to the SWGR system at the abandoned well house and install the transformer. stakl/e 6 - 19 B. Napakiak Interfacing to the Napakiak system is considered more difficult than interfacing to the Bethel system. The reasons being, a section of the transmission line must be buried to avoid conflicts with the airport runway and both three phase and single phase load must be supplied using the single phase power delivered by the SWGR system. The following paragraphs outline the preliminary design for inter- facing the two systems. The "A" frame overhead construction portion of the transmission line will terminate west of the airport runway. A high voltage buried cable will connect to the line and proceed eastward to reemerge on the opposite side of the airport runway. Using conventional overhead distribution design the line will continue into Napakiak and terminate near the powerplant. The earth electrode system will be located north of the airport and will be connected to the SWGR system with underground cable. Power is generated three-phase in Napakiak, but it is distributed single-phase throughout the village except for the B.I.A. facilities which receives three phase power. With single phase power being delivered by the SWGR system it becomes necessary to employ a certain amount of switching to insure proper voltage relationships between the various phase conductors when operating the village system from the SWGR system. The arrangement in Figures VI-6 and IV-7 outlines one possible scheme for accomplishing the required switching. From this arrangement single phase 480-V power is fed throughout the village and to the B.I.A. facilities. Because of numerous two and three phase loads located within the B.I.A. facilities and the control problems and costs anticipated with attempting to switch these loads to single phase power, it was decided that a 60 kVA single-phase to three phase rotary phase stakl/e 6 - 20 TO BETHEL 144KV/480V 100 KVA 0 =f oH | BIA— No/ Sa pecan SCHOOL _ LNG. FS 2 POLE, FUSIBLE ROTO | 600V, 400A PHASE MANUAL OPER. CONTROL | | (yy) [EXISTING PLANT BUS | : ee SWITCH 2 POLE ,NON FUSIBLE | | i 400A —— OPER. iS A— TERMINATORS 2.0 Bp NAPAKIAK SYSTEM INTERTIE FIGURE WI-6 6-2l Lan cc we ne ilies genuine NOTE: COMMON PHASE AND LOAD CARRYING CAP- ACITY OF 3- BREAK- ERS (BUSSES) TO BE DETERMINED IN FIELD. pee A B c(N) FROM POWER PLANT [ pea | | @ ! | I | I | (NC) l pon a ! | | . b $ NO/NC © \ | AT MAIN % 4 swor 1 SAFETY | | switcn | ! I (NC) Co @ CONTACTOR, 3-POLE 600V, 100A @ SAFETY ~ SWITCH, 2-POLE 6O0V, 200A @ _ SAFETY - SWITCH, 3-POLE 6O0V, 100A @ > CONTACTOR, 2-POLE EXISTING 6OOV, 200A 45 KVA X— FORMER © contactor, 3-POLE 600V, 100 A TO TRANSFER SWITCH NAPAKIAK - BIA SCHOOL CONNECTION FIGURE W-7 6 - 22 converter would be installed in the B.I.A. facilities. The rotary phase converter will convert single phase power supplied by the SWGR system to three phase power which can be used at the B.I.A. facilities without any modification to their system. This decision to use a converter would not only simplify the switching and control within the B.I.A. facilities but it would also allow for the technical assessment of a rotary-phase converter in this type of operational environment. stakl/e 6--.23 6.7 CONSTRUCTION COST ESTIMATES A. Engineering Cost Final Design (2) engineers for 10 days @ 330/day $ 6,600 Design Testing (2) engineers for 5 days @ 330/day 3,300 Miscellaneous equipment rental 1,500 Phase II Report (2) engineers for 15 days @ $330/day 9,900 Drafting 5 days @ $212/day 1,061 Word processing 3 days © $166/day 498 Printing, etc. 5,900 One Year - Follow-up Travel 8 trips @ $200/trip 1,600 1 engineer for 20 days @ $330/day plus $80/day expenses 8,200 Engineering Expenses - Total $38,259 stakl/e 6 - 24 B. 700-Foot Spans 7#8 Alumoweld - One Wire ‘Suspension Insulator Structures Say 7.5 structures per mile (15), 30 ft. Poles @ $60.00 7#8 Alumoweld 5280 ft. @ $270/1000 ft. (60) Insulators (8-10" Bells for 40 kV) @ $9.30 (7.5) Wire Clamps @ $12.50 (7.5) Insulator Yokes @ $18.90 (7.5) Angle Iron Arch (20'x4"x4"xk") @ $100 (7.5) Ball Clevis @ $7.00 (15) Double Clevis © $7.00 (7.5) Vibration Dampers per mile @ $25 (2) Storm guys (2 @ 70 ft.; $270/1000 ft. (2) Anchors (2 @ $50) (2) Anchor Yoke Assemblies @ $18.30 Miscellaneous Hardware (i.e. Eye Bolts, Chain, Etc.) @ $15.00/ Structure Subtotal Post Insulator Structure Say 7.5 Structure per mile (15) 30 ft. Poles @ $60.00 7#8 Alumoweld 5280 ft. @ $270/100 ft. (7.5) Insulator (40 kV Insulation) @ $75 (7.5) Angle Iron Brace (10'x4"x4"x") $70 (7.5) Vibration Dampers per mile @ $25 (2) Storm Guys (2 @ 70 ft., $270/1000 ft.) (2) Anchors (2 @ $50) (4) Anchor Yoke Assemblies @ $18.90 Miscellaneous Hardware (i.e. Bolts, Chain, etc.) @ $15/Structure Subtotal stakl/e 6 - 25 Line Cost Per Mile er Mile Estimate Material $ 900 1,425 558 94 142 750 53 105 187 38 100 38 113 $4,503 Material $ 900 1,425 563 525 187 38 100 38 113 $3 ,889 C. Manual Erection Techniques! Labor Construction and Delivery Cost Cost/Mile Unassembled Structure Delivery by Snowmachine 25 hrs. * 1 Man @ $18.62/hr. * 7.5 Structures/mi. $ 349 Construction Costs in Field per Structure, 1% hr. * 3 Men $18.62/hr. * 7.5 Structure/mi. 524 Cost of Snowmachine for Structure Deliveries 2s hr. @ $4/hr. * 7.5 Structures 75 Manual Erection 10 men * 1% hr. @ $18.62/hr. * 7.5 1,745 2 engineers * 1% hr. @ $45/hr. * 7.5 844 1 lineman * 1% hr. @ $50/hr. * 7.5 469 4 snowmachines * 1% hr. @ $4/hr. * 7.5 150 Subtotal $3,208 Total Structure Cost Per Mile Suspension Insulator Structure + 10% Additional Labor Cost $8,746 Post Insulator Structure $7,970 Construction Costs for 9 mi. of Overhead Transmission Line “A"-Frame Construction Suspension insulator structure $78,714 Post insulator structure $71,730 1 Assumes $18.62/hour wage rate for native hire. stakl/e 6 - 26 D. Helicopter Erection Techniques? Labor Cost/Mile Say 3 Man Crew can Construct one Structure in 45 min in yard. 2.25 hr./structure @ $18.62/hr., 7.5 structure/mi. $ 314 Material Disbursement along Transmission Line Structure Delivery 15 min. @ 360/hr., 7.5 Structure/mi. 675 Erection Cost Helicopter erection 10 min. @ $360/hr. * 7.5 structure 450 10 men * 10 min. @ $18.62/hr. * 7.5 structure’ 233 2 engineer * 10 min. @ $45/hr. * 7.5 structures 115 1 lineman * 10 min @ $50/hr. * 7.5 structures 63 10 snowmachines @ $4/hr. for 1 hrs. 60 Subtotal $1,910 Structure Cost Per Mile Suspension Insulation Structure + 10% Additional Labor Cost $6,444 Post Insulator Structure $5,799 Structure Cost for 9 Miles Construction Costs for 9 mi. of Overhead Transmission Line “A"-Frame Constructed Suspension insulator structure $57,996 Post insulator structure $52,191 2 $360/hour for helicopter time. stakl/e 6 - 27 E. Transportation Cost Personnel and Materials Transportation of Material Anchorage to Bethel 4% Trips DC-6 @ $5,000/Flight Material Transportation Bethel Airport to Storage Area 6 man crew @ $18.62/hr., 6 hr./day, 4 days Equipment rental, material transportation @ $100/hr.; 4 hrs/day, 4 days Material transportation to Napakiak Transportation miscellaneous material to Bethel by air freight Project engineer one roundtrip flight to Bethel per week for 5 weeks @ $200/flight Construction foremen one roundtrip flight to Bethel for 5 weeks @ $200/flight Transportation Cost Subtotal Truck rental for transportation to and from work location @ $35/day + $5.00 day gasoline, 6 weeks Transportation Cost Total stakl/e 6 - 28 Cost $21,250 2,681 1,600 2,500 3,000 1,000 1,000 $33,031 1,680 $34,711 F. Crew Check-Out Assume additional 10-day construction period for crew check-out and R+D Labor Cost 10 Man Crew @ $18.62/hr., 10 hr/day $18,620 8 Snowmachines @ $35/day (Freight Haul) 2,800 Fuel Cost $5/day/Machine 400 Subtotal $21,820 (1) Surveyor at $300/day plus Expenses at $60/day, 3 days 1,080 Check-Out Period Total $23,070 G. Equipment Rental Cost _ (1) Minute Man Power Auger © $250/week, 5 weeks $ 1,250 Miscellaneous Line Erection Equipment @ $700/week, 5 weeks 3,500 (2) Snowmachine Engineer and Foreman @ $35/day for 5 weeks 2,450 Total Equipment Rental , 7,200 H. Living Expenses Cost 2 Engineers @ $60/day for 6 weeks $5,040 1 Lineman @ $60/day for 6 weeks 2,520 Living Expenses Total 7,560 stakl/e 6 - 29 I. Cost Bethel Terminal Cost 250 kVA 7.2/14.4 kV tfr. $ 4,200 Meter Base, meter, PT, CT 1,200 (32) 7.2 kV Post Insulator @ $10 320 Miscellaneous Hardware 500 Subtotal $6,842 Renovation Abandoned Power Line 4 men @ $18.62/hr., 10 hr./day, 3 days 2,234 Renovation Well House, Installation Earthing System, 5 men @ $18.62/hr., 10 hrs./day, 8 days 5,586 Subtotal $7,820 Bethel Terminal Total $14,662 J. Cost Napakiak Terminal Cost (24) Section Ground Rods, 10 ft. long @ $20 $ 480 (8) Poles @ $60 480 (10) Insulators @ $10 100 Miscellaneous Hardware 500 1000 feet 7#8 Alumoweld at $270/1000 270 100 kVA, 14.4 kV - 480 V tfr 1,800 Meter, Meter Base 122 60 kVA Rotary Phase Converter 1,200 Switchgear 7,500 25 kV URD, 3000 ft. @ $2/ft. 6,000 $18,452 Miscellaneous @ 10% 1,845 Subtotal $20,297 6 Men @ $18.62/hr., 10 hrs./day, 14 days 15,641 Napakiak Terminal Total 5,938 stakl/e 6 - 30 K. Total Project Cost Post Insulator Structure Cost Manual Helicopter Item Description Erection Erection (A) Engineer $ 38,259 $38,259 (C),¢€D) Post Insulator Structure 71,730 52,191 {E) Transportation and Material Disbursement 34,711 34,711 (F) Construction Check-Out + R&D 23,070 23,070 (G) Equipment Rental 7,200 7,200 (H) Living Expenses 7,560 7,560 (1) Bethel Terminal 14,662 14,662 (J) Napakiak Terminal 35,938 35,938 Subtotal $233,130 $213,991 Contingencies at 15% 34,969 32,099 Total Cost $268,100 $246 ,090 Average Cost/Mi $29,789 27,343 Average Cost/Mi (Line only)* $24,167 $21,721 Average Cost/Mi less $24,250 Air Frt. diff. $27,094 $24 ,648 Average Cost/Mi less $24,250 Air Frt. diff. (Line only)* $21,472 $19,027 * Calculated by deducting Terminal Costs only. stakl/e 6 - 31 SECTION 7 LEGAL ASPECTS SECTION 7 LEGAL ASPECTS 7.1 NATIVE HIRE One purpose of the SWGR Project is to demonstrate that the SWGR system can be built using mainly local native labor, so as to provide the maximum. economic benefit to the community(s) involved. Wage rates for native hire will comply with the general laborer classification as set forth in State of Alaska, Department of Labor Title 36. Public Contracts, Laborer's and Mechanic's Minimum Rates of Pay, Wage and Hour Division Pamphlet No. 600, October 1, 1979. 7.2 OWNER/OPERATOR A. During One Year Demonstration Status The State of Alaska, Division of Energy and Power Development wil] be the legal owner/operator of the Project for a one year period following project completion. To relieve the STATE of direct involvement in its operator/maintenance responsibility, it is recommended that the STATE provide a sum of ten thousand dollars to contract these services. It is further recommended that the Bethel Utilities be contracted to provide these services. stak1/j Ta B. After One Year Demonstration Status Upon completion of a one year demonstration period, the State wishes to dispose of the Project. Recommendations as to the owner/ operator of the Project at the conclusion of the demonstration period will not be attempted at this time due to the following reasons: 1. It is not certain as to whether the Project will function as designed; if not, the problem of ownership is academic. 2. Public meetings should be conducted in the Bethel area to provide opportunity for public participation before a new owner/ operator can be selected. 3. A fair and equitable method by which the STATE may dispose of the Project is still to be determined. 7.3 LICENSING No licensing requirement is envisioned during the one year period of STATE ownership. Licensing by the APUC may, however, be required of the new owner/operator. 7.4 MECHANICS OF ENERGY PURCHASE As presently envisioned, the Napakiak Corporation would purchase energy directly from Bethel Utilities at the Bethel meter at the appropriate published rate. Bethel Utilities would meter and bill the Napakiak Corporation as a single consumer. Napakiak Corporation would then retail the energy to consumers in Napakiak over their existing distribution system, at an appropriate rate to be determined by the Napakiak Corporation. stakl/j Tir 7.5 RIGHT-OF-WAY PERMITS Ten-year right-of-way agreements have been obtained from the Bethel Native Corporation and Napakiak Corporation. A five year agreement has been obtained from the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Required permits from U.S. Fish and Wildlife, Alaska Coastal Management, Corps of Engineers (Slough Crossing), State of Alaska, Department of Transportation (Napakiak Airport Crossing) and BLM (Napakiak Airport Crossing, Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Division are pending. Only a single pending native allotment, F16134 located in Section 22, Township 8 North, Range 72 west is crossed by the proposed transmission line route. The application for this allotment as outlined in the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act has yet to be approved by BLM and jurisdiction of lands occupied by this allotment remain with BLM. An application for right-of-way across the allotment has been filed with BLM. No major delays are expected in obtaining any of the above mentioned pending permits. 7.6 WAIVER NESC The State of Alaska, Department of Labor has granted a one year waiver to Rule 215C of the NESC for the purpose of the SWGR demonstration project stak1/j Pals APPENDIX A RIGHT-OF-WAY AGREEMENTS, PERMITS, AND APPLICATIONS RIGHT-OF-WAY AGREEMENT SINGLE WIRE GROUND RETURN DEMONSTRATION PROJECT WHEREAS the State of Alaska, Department of Commerce and Econonic Development, Division of Energy and Power Development is in the process of implementing a Single Wire Ground Return Demonstration Project in the Bethel, Alaska area, and WHEREAS it is expected to be of immediate benefit to the people of Napakiak that such a project be constructed, and WHEREAS it may be of future benefit to the peoples of Oscarville, Atmautlauk and numerous other communities which could receive electrical power fran an extension of this transmission line, and Whereas it may be of benefit for facilities constructed adjacent or near to the line, and WHEREAS the power transmission line for such a project will travel across a portion of the lands encompassed by the withdrawal and selection area of this Corporation, therefore: : For the sum of one dollar and other good and valuable consideration the Bethel Native Corporation (BNC) its successors, heirs or assignees rants to the State of Alaska, Division of Energy and Power Development DEPD) its successors, heirs or assignees, a 100 foot wide transmission/ distribution line corridor between the city of Bethel and the city of Napakiak across lands selected or withdrawn by BNC subject to the following provisions: ne The corridor will follow approximately the path shown on attached "Exhibit A". 2: This agreement will expire ten years fron the date of Signature by the parties or at any time it is legally determined that the line has ceased to function as an electric transmission/distribution line. 3B; BNC, its members or designees served from the line will be assessed no connection charge for any costs attributed to the transmission/distribution line constructed within the corridor, however, Participation may be required for charges for line extensions, grounding points or terminations. 4. This agreement in no way infringes on BNC's use and ownership of the land except that BNC agrees to permit DEPD the right of ingress and egress along the corridor for activities required for construction, Operations and maintanence of the line and agrees not to construct or use or cause to be constructed or used anything which would affect the safety and integrity of the line or prevent DEPD's ingress and egress. No other interest or use of the land is implied nor conveyed. 5. DEPD agrees to effect removal. of the line within 120 days of the expiration of this agreement. ; 6. DEPD has budgeted for and anticipates being responsible for the operation of the line for approximately one year following construction. At that time an effort will be made to determine how best to devote any remaining value of the line to the public interest. DEPD recognizes BNC's interest in the line and will consider BNC an interested party in any negotations or transfer of ownership in the line. This agreement can be parties. BETHEL NATIVE CORPORATION Vee 4 esa Signator, Title Date Lf-2 G~ Fo ammended upon written consent of: both STATE OF ALASKA Cg pre Signature bE | Title Date S~ 29 — SO hit Apolcob le Bertram L. Wagnon Date APPROVED Department of Administration DATE EXniBe A MEMORANDUM OF CLARIFICATION This Memorandum of Clarification to that certain Right-of-Way Agreement of even date herewith is hereby made by and between the State of Alaska, Division of Energy and Power Development (hereinafter "DEPD") and BETHEL NATIVE CORPORATION, an Alaska Corporation (hereinafter "BNC"). 1. DEPD understands that BNC does not and cannot guarantee or warrant that DEPD has, or will have, clear access across Section 22, T8N, R72W and specifically that the proposed route as shown on Exhibit "A" to the Right-of- Way Agreement passes across Native Allotment F-16134 according to Interim Conveyance No. 142 dated January 12, 1979 ana recorded February 22, 1980, Book 27, at Page 652, Bethel Recording District. 2. In the event BNC, its shareholders, designees, successors or assigns should be provided service from the Proposed: power line, no connection charge shall be assessed which represents any pro rata share or amortization in any manner whatsoever the capital cost incurred in constructing the line; any such connection charge shall be limited to the lesser of any additional actual expenditures incurred as a result of making connection (e.g., transformer, feeder/distribution wires and necessary connecting eguipment/materials) or, any filed and published tariff applicable thereto. 3. "Safety" in Paragraph 4 shall be determined in accordance with the latest edition of the National Electrical Safety Code. 4. The acknowledged interest of BNC in the utilization/ Operation of the proposed power line specified in Paragraph 6 is not to be construed as any direct or indirect ownership interest in the line or as imposing any liability-of any nature whatsoever upon BNC arising out of the ownership, utilization or operation, of the line. Except to the extent that BNC is an interested member of the public and is to be deemed an interested party to any proceedings relating to the utilization, operation and/or ownership of the proposed power line, entitled to notice of any public hearings or prior consultation in the event of action relating to the line, its installation, utilization, operation or ownership, being taken without public hearing, BNC does not have any control, direct or indirect, over the line, its installation, utilization or operation. Ds DEPD hereby agrees, warrants, and covenants that it, or its successors or assigns, shall defend, indemnify and forever save BNC its officers, directors, agents, employees, shareholders, servants, their respective heirs, successors and assigns harmless from any and all liability of any nature whatsoever arising from the construction, maintenance, MEMORANDUM OF CLARIFICATION - Pg. -1-6f.2 A-4 BETHEL NATIVE CORPORATION By ey, ot La. Edward Hoffmang (Sr., President State of Alaska Department of Commerce & Economic Development, Division of Energy and Power Development Approved: State of Alaska Department of Administration By MEMORANDUM OF CLARIFICATION — Pg. 2 of 2 MISC10/F RIGHT-OF-WAY AGREEMENT SINGLE WIRE GROUND RETURN DEMONSTRATION PROJECT WHEREAS the State of Alaska, Department of Commerce and Economic Development, Division of Energy and Power Development is in the process of implementing a Single Wire Ground Return Demonstration Project in the Bethel, Alaska area, and v WHEREAS it is expected to be of immediate benefit to “the people of Napakiak that such a project be constructed, and WHEREAS it may be future benefit to the peoples of Oscarville, Atmautlauk and numerous other communities which could receive electrical power from an extension of this transmission line, and WHEREAS it may be of benefit to facilities adjacent or near to the line, and WHEREAS the power transmission line for such a project will travel across a portion of the lands encompassed by the withdrawal and selection area of this Corporation, therefore: For the sum of one dollar and other good and valuable considera- tion the Napakiak Corporation its successor, heirs or assignees grants to the State of Alaska, Division of Energy and Power Development (DEPD) its successors, heirs or assignees, a 100 foot wide transmission/ distribution line corridor between the city of Bethel and the city of Napakiak across lands selected or withdrawn by Napakiak Corporation subject to the following provisions: 1. The corridor will follow approximately the path shown on attached “Exhibit A". 2. This agreement will expire ten years from the date of signature by the parties or at any time it is legally determined that the line has ceased to function as an electric transmission/ distribution line. 3. Napakiak Corporation, its members or designees served from the line will be accessed no connection charge for any costs attributed to the transmission/distribution line constructed within the corridor, however, participation may be required for charges for line extensions, grounding points or terminations. 4. This agreement in no way infringes on Napakiak Corporation's use and ownership of the land except that Napakiak Corporation agrees to permit DEPD the right of ingress and egress along the corridor for activities required for construction, operations and maintanence of the line and agrees not to construct or use of cause to be constructed or used anything which would affect the safety and integrity of the line or prevent DEPD's ingress and egress. No other interest or use of the land is implied nor conveyed. 5. DEPD agrees to effect removal of the line within 120 days of the expiration of this agreement. travuaure 6. DEPD has budgeted for and anticipated being responsible for the operation of the line for approximately one year following construction. At that time an effort will be made to determine how _best to devote any remaining value of the line to the public interest. DEPD recognizes Napakiak Corporation's interest in the line and will consider Napakiak Corporation an interested party in any negotations or transfer of ownership in the line. This agreement can be ammended upon written consent of both parties. NAPAKIAK CORPORATION STATE OF ALASKA a | | LALA eeeel IA a alae “ Signattire __ Signature a . ater LYUMCL DANS {4 Title Title peer wh, LY LIED, vaceMoed 22 APO Bertram L. Wagnon APPROVED Department Administration <A ATLUN AL =IN3SS3Y SvBuY-G gad en 3s0739nN3-—.% “T / “SONA Om: \ Ops \ Bat tN A fl ia ney ? | | BEL N hes bisein MEMORANDUM OF AGRERMEST. between THE BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS JUNEAU ARPA OFFICE P.O. BOX 3-8000 JUNEAU, ALASKA 99802 and STATE OF ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DIVISION OF FNERGY AND POWER DEVELOPMENT 338 DENALI STREFT ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 99503 AGREEMENT CONTROL NUMBER E00C14201954 - FOR - SINGLE WIRE GROUND RETURN DEMONSTRATION PROJECT | i i ; ‘ i ? . - ' Deners pts on of Project $ Construction of a single wire, pround return low-cost electrical power transmission line from the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Bethe) Apency Neadquarters site to the Native villape of Napakiak. The bureau of Indian Affatrs shall provide the follloving at no cost to the State of Alaska at the Bethel Apency Neadanarters Site: i. USE of ahandon well site to include an area forty by forty feet square surrounding the well site, installation, modification and/or removal of equipment and/or structures within this area to provide a safe and functional earth electrode system for the Single Wire Ground Return Demonstration Project, and 2. USE of abandoned power line leading to well site to include installation, modification and/or removal of insulators and conductors to provide a safe and functional power supply line capable of providing power to the Singe Wire Ground Return Demonstration Projet, and WHEREAS this Agreement shall become effetive March 17, 1980 and shall continue in force for an indefinite period of time, not to exceed five years, but may he revoked at any time by either party by one hundred twenty (120) days' notice in writing to the other party. WHEREAS the State of Alaska, Department of Commerce and Economic Development, Division of Energy and Power Development is in the process of implementing a Singe Wire Ground Return Demonstration Project in the Bethel, Alaska area, and WHEREAS it would be beneficial to the interests of the people of Napakiak that such project be constructed, and WHEREAS the power transmission line, earth electrode system, and power supply line would occupy or travel across a portion of the lands presently encompassed by the Bureau of Indian Affairs Headquarters site located, Bethel, Alaska, NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED THAT the Bureau of Indian Affairs located in Bethel, Alaska go on record as expressing no objection to the creation of a temporary power transmission line cooridor, earth electrode system and power supply line for the planned Single Wire Ground Return Demonstration Project through lands encompassed by the Bureau of Indian Affairs Headquarters site located in Bethel, Alaska. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have duly executed this Agreement as of the day and year first above written. STATE OF ALASKA: _ Ry Wrcausea: PY sis Clarissa Quinlan, Pirector Division of Energy and Title Pover Development DIAIC BRD FELT MAE FE of ALASKA HAEASHS BE fo 7 ; . f Pe So) ene i : *£9 : met fo ‘ \pate” - at i ‘ 0: [Clarissa Quinlan, Director rn March 25, 1980 LR fe Division of Energy and eae ae. 2D ccd Power Development ri wad Department of Commerce and lft le Economic Development ee 465-4870 cS A pease GS Cks lu nny FROM: Dale W. Cheek, Director iain Single Wire Ground Return Wage and Hour Division Demonstration Project Department of Labor Bethel to Napakiak The Department of Labor, Electrical Inpection staff and Attorneys from the Department of Law have reviewed the request to build an experi- mental single wire ground return transmission line from Bethel to Napakiak of 14.4 KVA transmission line. Under authority of Chapter 7, Article 700, of the National Electrical Code the Department will grant permission to build this experimental system to furnish low cost energy to rural areas. The Department of Labor, Electrical Inspection staff will make at least one inspection during the construction phase and will monitor the system after it becomes operational for the remainder of the year. At which time a decision will be made as to whether or not to extend the line further. I expect that your Division will work closely with Mr. Don Cather, Chief, Mechanical Inspection Section, Department of Labor on this project. DWC/jep cc: Mr. Frank Bettine Division of International Engineering Company, Inc. A- 11 United States Department of the Interior ccbinaes BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT EAR-018-0037 2920 (018) Anchorage District Office 4700 East 72nd Avenue Anchorage, Alaska 99507 MAR 2.5 1988 State of Alaska Department of Power and Energy Development 338 Denali Street vay Anchorage, Alaska 99501 Gentlemen: This letter is in reference to a Temporary Use Permit (AK-018-0033) filed on your behalf by Robert W. Retherford Associates for an electric trans- mission system from Bethel to Napakiak. The subject lands are within the area recently withdrawn by Secretarial Order. under section 204(c) of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of October 21, 1976, for inclusion in the Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge. Concurrently with the withdrawal, jurisdiction over these lands passed from the Bureau of Land Management to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Therefore, your application file has been transferred to the Fish and Wildlife Service for further processing. All future contacts concerning your application should be directed to the U.S. Fish and Wild- life Service, 10}1 East Tudor Road, Anchorage, Alaska, 99507, telephone number 276-3800. Sincerely yours, A, | } Gerald W. Zamber Acting District Manager Pa CONSULTING ENGINEERS. ROBERT W. RETHERFORD ASSOCIATES SECTC DISTRICT OF INTERNATIONAL ENGIt = G BOX 6410 ANCHOQAGE. ALASKA 9950: PHONE (907) 344-2585 / TELEX 626-380 RINS CO iNT 8702-001 April 15, 1980 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 1011 East Tudor Road Anchorage, Alaska 99507 Attn: Mr. Bill Matice Subject: Temporary Use Permit (AK-018-0033) for a Single Wire Transmission Line between Bethel and Napakiak Dear Mr. Matice: Enclosed please find a copy of the Right-of-Way Agreement for subject transmission line between the Napakiak Corporation and the State of Alaska. We are in the process of obtaining a statement from the State of Alaska in regard to compatibility of the project with the coastal management zone. A copy of this statement will be transmitted to your office upon receipt. Sincerely, Dora L. Gropp, P.E. Project Engineer DLG: kee Enclosures cc: Frank Bettine A - 13 INTERNATIONAL ENGINEERING COMPANY, INC. — a tne ena wn ncen PaMANY, ie DEPARTM enyOer aes “KRMY ALASKA DISTRICT =< ‘Conpdifg RNGINEERS P.O; ‘BOX ZPEA ™) Os Ff teen ANCHORAGE\ ALASKA ‘99510. 2) REGULATORY EUNCTION. : RANCH == REPLY TO (907) RI: AVE: S ATTENTION OF: 2'9 ey NPACO-RF -P £9g% eye Bpril 1980 Kuskokwim River 38 PUBLIC NOTICE NPACO No. 071-OYD-1-800106 Application has been received in this office from the State of Alaska, Division of Energy and Power Development, 338 Denali, Anchorage, Alaska 99501, for a Department of the Army permit under Section 10 of the River and Harbor Act of 1899 (30 Stat. 1151; 33 U.S.C. 403) to place an overhead power transmission line across Napakiak Slough at Napakiak, Alaska, as shown on the plan attached to this notice. The applicant proposes to place a 14.4kV transmission line across Napakiak Slough to provide electrical power from Bethel to Napakiak. The power poles would be 30' tall with a powerline sag to not- less than 25' above mean high water of the slough. The powerline would have two aircraft warning spheres. A Certificate of Reasonable Assurance or waiver of certification is required for this activity under Section 401 of the Clean Water Act (Public Law 95-217). This certification, or waiver thereof, is issued by the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation, Pouch 0, _ Juneau, Alaska, telephone (907) 465-2670. The Division of Policy Development and Planning, State of Alaska, is reviewing this work for consistency with the approved Alaska Coastal Manangement Program. * Preliminary determinations indicate the issuance of this permit is a major federal action not significantly affecting the human environment, and an environmental impact statement is not required. The National Register of Historic Places and the latest published version of the Federal Register have been consulted in regard to the proposed activity. Consultation of the National Register constitutes the extent of cultural resource investigations by the District Engineer, and he is otherwise unaware of the presence of such resources. Preliminary determinations indicate that the proposed activity will not affect an endangered species or their critical habitat designated as endangered or threatened pursuant to the Endangered Species Act of A - 14 NPACO-RF-P Kuskokwim River 38 balanced against its reasonably foreseeable detriments. Ajj factors which may be relevant to the proposal will be considered; among those are conservation, economics, aesthetics, general environmental Concerns, historic values, fish and wildlife values, flood damage prevention, land use, navigation, recreation, - water Supply, water quality, energy needs, safety, food production, and, in general, the needs and welfare of the people. : ~ determination. Any response to this notice should be mailed to the Alaska District, Corps of Engineers, ATIN: Regulatory Functions Branch, P.O. Box 7002, Anchorage, Alaska 99510. If further information is desired concerning this notice, contact Ms, Kathy Curtis at (907) 752-4942 or (907) 279-4123, ¢ Phd DAVID L. ROBBINS FOR THE DISTRICT ENGINEER: 3 Incl 1. Plan Chief, Construction/operat ions Division 2. ACMP Notice 3. 401 Notice A - 15 Incl 3 vee ie eA ete / 3 : i’ : ‘7 XS, ins : c/rAlmuWwe. / BEPT. OF EX VEIROR MENTAL CONSERVATION J POUCH O — JUREAU 93317 / Notice of Application for Water Quality Certification Notice is hereby given that a request is being filed with the Department of Environmental Conservation . for certification, as provided in Section 401 of the Clean Water Act of 1977 (PL 95-217), that any dis- charge to waters of the United States resulting from the project described in the Corps of Engineers Public Notice No. 071-0YD-1-800106 . will comply with the Clean Water Act and applicable state laws. Any person desiring to comment on the request in relation to water pollution considerations may do so by writing to the Department of Environmental Conser- vation, Attention: Permit Coordinator, Pouch O, Juneau, Alaska $9811, within 30 days of publication of this notice. A - 16 / JAY S. HAGORD, GOYERAOR STAT E ALIAS RC) fons mmr so OFFICK OF THE GOVERNOR Phone 465-2512 DIVISION OF POLICY DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING Pouch AD - Juneau 99811 - STATE OF ALASKA DIVISION OF POLICY DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING Notice of Application for Certification of Consistency with the ’ Alaska Coastal Management Program Notice is hereby given that a request is being filed with the Division of Policy Development and Planning for concurrence, as provided in Section 307 (c)(3) of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended [P.L. 94-370; 90 Stat. 1013; 16 U.S.C. 1456 (c)(3)], that the project described in the Corps of Engineers Public Notice No. 071-OYD-1-800106 , will comply with the Alaska Coastal Management Program and that the project will be concucteé in a manner consistent with that program. Any person desiring to present views on considerations pertaining to the project's compliance or consistency with the Alaska Coastal Management Program may do so by providing his views in writing to the State Clear- inghouse, Division of Policy Development and Planning, Office of the Governor, Pouch AD, Juneau, Alaska 99811, within 20 deys of publication of this notice. A- 17 DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY ALASKA DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS P.O. BOX 7002 ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 99510 REPLY TO ATTENTION OF: NPACO-RF-P APR 4aQ, Kuskokwim River 38 7 i880 R. W. Retherford Associates 6927 Old Seward Highway : P.O. Box 6410 fel, ’ ae Anchorage, Alaska 99502 Reference: 071-OYD-1-800106 AK Div of Energy & Power Dev. Transmission Line Crossing Napakiak Slough, Napakiak, AK Gentlemen: : Your, application dated 20 March 1980 on behalf of the State of Alaska, Division of Energy and Power Development, for a Department of the Army permit for the referenced work has been received. It has been assigned No. 071-OYD-1-800106, which should be referred to in all future correspondence with this office. We have received your signed Certification of Consistency and will soon issue a 30-day public notice to solicit comments in regard to your proposed work. Objections received in response to the notice will be forwarded to you for resolution or rebuttal. The Corps of Engineers is authorized to issue permits at the District level in those cases in which all objections have been resolved to the satisfaction of the District Engineer. Since unresolved objections to your proposed work could result in delay or denial of the requested permit, it is to your advantage to devote every effort toward resolving any objections received. Also, a Department of the Army permit can be issued for your work only after you have obtained a Certificate of Reasonable Assurance, or waiver of certification, as required by Section 401(a)(1) of the Clean Water Act. This certification or waiver thereof is issued by the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (ADEC). For your Convenience, we have forwarded a copy of your application to ADEC which they accept as an application for a Certificate of Reasonable A- 18 NPACO-RF-P Kuskokwim River 38 APR 7 1880 Assurance. There should be no delay in processing your application as the review processes of ADEC and the Corps of Engineers run concurrently. If you have questions about ADEC's certification process, please contact them at Pouch QO, Juneau, Alaska, telephone (907) 465-2670. If you have questions, please contact this Branch at (907) 279-4123 and ask for Ms. Kathy Curtis. Sincerely, Lf JAMES E. CARUTH Chief, Regulatory Functions Branch F : Div of Energy & Power Dev. A- 19 OVERHEAD WIRE CROSSING PLAN _ "= 1000" PURPOSE: PROVISION OF ELECTRICAL POWER DATUM: MEAN SEA LEVEL 1) JOSEPH CHIMEGALIA 2) NAPAKIAK CORR. ADJACENT PROPERT OWNERS? 161° 5°38 [ . PROPOSED OVERHEAD -_ WIRE ore oe = =| SCALE in MILES VICINITY MAP AIRCRAFT WARNING SPHERES _SECTION HORIZONTAL "= 200° VERTICAL "= 40° KUSKOKWIM RIVER 38 PROPOSED OVERHEAD WIRE CROSSING IN NAPAKIAK SLOUGH AT NAPAKIAK STATE OF ALASKA APPLICATION by STATE of ALASKA SHEET lof 1 A 9 By ss STAVE OF ALASKA / == OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR DIVISION OF POLICY DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING POUCH AD-JUNEAU 99811 : : PHONE 465-3577 Apri} 28, 1°86 Mr. Cim Caruth U.S. Dept. Of Tha Army Alaska District Corps Of Engineers P.O. Box 7002 Anchorage, Alaska ©9519 Subject: HAPAKIAK TRAHSHISSION LINE FACILITIES PERMIT Review: A CM P Consistency fietermination Dear Nr. Caruth: The State Clearinghouse has received the subject project which you submitted for Alaska Coastal Management Program Consistency Determination. Naterials concerning the project have been distributed to the appropriate coverniental agencies for review. The review is scheculed to close on 05-26-30 and you should be receiving the review decision soon after that date. The decisfon will state whether or not the project is consistent with the federally approved A C M P stendards. Stati Clearinghouse has assigned State I D No. FD2&80-80042506FP to the project. Use this number in all future correspondence concerning the project, both with this agency and with the federal agency involved with the project. ; Thank you for your ccoperation in this matter. Sincerely, Nichael Whitchead State Federal Coordinator Enclosure ~ copy of distribution list of reviewers cc: Clarissa Quinlan, CED COE °071-0YD-1-800196 STATE OF ALASKIR / =m DEPT. OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION 465-2663 POUCH 0 — JUNEAU 99811 May 7, 1980 CERTIFIED MAIL RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED State of Alaska Division of Energy & Power Development 338 Denali Street Anchorage, Alaska 99501 Dear Sirs: RE: Kuskokwim River 38, 071-OYD-1-800106 You requested a water quality certification, as required by Section 401 of the Clean Water Act for the placement of an overhead power transmission line (14.4 KV). The proposed activity is located across Napakiak Slough at Napakiak, Alaska; in the quarter corner common to Section 13, T7N, R73W and Section 18, TIN, R72W, SM. Water quality certification is required for the proposed activity because the activity will be authorized by a Corps of Engineers Permit identified as 071-OYD-1-800106, Kuskokwim River 38 and a discharge may result from the Proposed activity. Having reviewed the application, the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation finds that there is no evidence available at this time which suggests that the Proposed activity would have a significant adverse effect on the waters of the United States. Therefore, the department will not act on your application for certification. Pursuant to Section 401, this non-action constitutes a waiver of the State's right to certify the proposed activity. However, any modification to the activity, as well as similar activities conducted in the future, will require certification. By copy of this letter we are advising the Corps of Engineers of our actions. Sincerely, tk - C. Deming Céwles Deputy Commissioner cc: Corps of Engineers FWS State Clearinghouse EPA, Alaska Operations Office - NMFS A= 22 ADL. Anchorace enna DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION NOTICE OF PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION OR ALTERATION 1. NATURE OF STRUCTURE A. TYPE B. CLASS C. PROPOSED LENGTH OF TIME TO COMPLETE NEW CONSTRUCTION K_] Permanent (Months) [ ALTERATION [ TEMPORARY two 2. NAME AND ADDRESS OF INDIVIDUAL, COMPANY, CORPORATION, ETC. PROPOSING THE CONSTRUCTION OR ALTERATION (Number, Street, City, State and Zip Code) T Robert W. Retherford Associates Div. of aq International Engineering Co., Inc. P.O. Box 6410 Anchorage, Alaska , for i State of Alaska Dept. of Commerce & Economic! Development, Division of Energy and Power Deve lopment TO 99502 . Retain this Work Sheet as your copy. NOTICE TO PREPARER OF FORM Compl and return the remaining four copies. Do not remove carbons. Be sure all copies are legible. If a Notice is not required or if a Stand- ard of Subpart C, Part 77. is not ex- ceeded, a copy of this form will be re- turned to you appropriately marked in this area, otherwise a separate acknowl- edgement will be made within 30 days from receipt of Notice. Print or type all items. The address area. will be used to retum a copy of this form. (see above) ‘ Notification to the FAA does not waive the requirements of any other Govern- ment Agency. 3. COMPLETE DESCRIPTION OF STRUCTURE (Include effective radiated power of proposed or modified AM, FM, or TV station and assigned fre- quency; size and configuration of power transmission line in vicinity of FAA facilities os appropriate). A-frame transmission line structure, height 30 feet, width at base 27 feet. See attached photos 4. LOCATION OF STRUCTURE A. COORDINATES (To neare. ond) B. NEAREST CITY OR TOWN, AND STATE LATITUDE N LONGITUDE W Na D 1 . l A laska ‘| - * * - ” | (1) DISTANCE FROM 48) /2 mi le from (2) DIRECTION FROM 4B 60 | 41 | 36} 161 158 | 07 Icenter of town bite West C. NAME OF NEAREST AIRPORT, HELIPORT, OR SEAPLANE BASE (1) DISTANCE FROM NEAREST POINT OF (2) DIRECTION FROM < NEAREST RUNWAY AIRPORT Napakiak 350 feet West D. DESCRIPTION OF LOCATION OF SITE WITH RESPECT TO HIGHWAYS, STREETS, AIRPORTS, PROMINENT TERRAIN FEATURES, EXI: 5 ETC. (Attach @ highway, atreet, or any other appropriate map or acaled drawing showing the relationship of construction site to nearest cirport(s). If more space is required, continue on @ separate sheet of paper and attach to this notice.) Overhead transmission line structure will terminate 350 feet west of the Napakijak Transmission line will then proceed underground via buried cable to re- emerge east of the Napakiak runway and continue overhead on existing utility poles. runway. EXISTING STRUCTURES, 5. HEIGHT AND ELEVATION (Complete A, B and C to the nearest foot) | 6. WORK SCHEDULE DATES A. BEGINNING ‘A. ELEVATION OF SITE ABOVE MEAN SEA LEVEL 20 feet B HEIGHT OF STRUCTURE INCLUDING APPURTENANCES AND LIGHTING - (if any) ABOVE GROUND, OR WATER IF SO SITUATED June 2, 1980 ___ 30 feet hes ard : C. OVERALL HEIGHT ABOVE MEAN SEA LEVEL (A + B) 50 feet | July 2, 1980 * 7. OBSTRUCTION MARKED AND/OR LIGHTED IN AC- . MARKED YES CORDANCE WITH CURRENT FAA ADVISORY CIR- CULAR 70/7460-1, OBSTRUCTION MARKING AND A B. AVIATION RED OBSTRUCTION LIGHTS LIGHTING c .. HIGH INTENSITY WHITE OBSTRUCTION LIGHTS D. DUAL LIGHTING SYSTEM I HEREBY CERTIFY that all of the above statements made by me are true. complete, and correct to the best of my knowledge. DATE TEL. NO. (Give area TYPED NAME/TITLE OF PERSON FILING NOTICE aor Frank J. Bettine 5/2/80 907-344-2585 i Project Engineer Notice is required by Part 77 of the Federal Aviation Regulations (14 C.F.R. Part 77) pursuant to Section 1101 of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958, as amended (49 U.S.C. 1101). Persons who knowingly and willfully violate the Notice requirements of Part 77 are subject to a fine (criminal penalty) of not more than $500 for the first offense and not more than $2,000 for subsequent offenses, pursuant to Section 902(a) of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958, as amended (49 U.S.C. 1472(a)). FAA Form 7460-1 (1-78; SUPERSEDES PREVIOUS EDITION A - 23 SIGNATURE DO NOT REMOVE CARBONS APPENDIX B ORGANIZATIONS, ADDRESSES AND PHONE NUMBERS APPENDIX B ORGANIZATIONS, ADDRESSES AND PHONE NUMBERS The address, phone number and an individual to contact in each of the organizations is as follows: Akiachuk Alaska Costal Management Program Association of Village Council Presidents Atmautlauk, Ltd. Bethel Native Corporation Bethel Utilities Bureau of Indian Affairs Bethel Area Office Bureau of Indian Affairs Juneau Area Office Bureau of Land Management Anchorage District Office Corps of Engineers stakl1/h doe Lomack Carl Jack Charlie Sims Eddy Hoffman Hal Borrego Bud Prince John A. Hope Gerald W. Zamber James E. Caruth Akiachuk, AK 99551 543-2001 Pouch AP Juneau, AK 99811 465-3541 PO Box 218 Bethel ,AK 99559 543-3521 Atmautlauk, AK 99559 543-2103 PO Box 719 Bethel ,AK 99559 543-2124 Bethel ,AK 99599 543-2949 P.O. Box 347 Bethel ,AK 99559 543-2726 P.0. Box 3-8000 Juneau, AK 99802 586-7177 4700 E 72nd Ave Anchorage, AK 99507 344-9661 P.O. Box 7002 Anchorage, Alaska 99510 279-4123 International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Union 1547 Kwethluk, Inc. Napaskiak Napakiak Corporation Nunam Kitlutsisti Oscarville State of Alaska, Department of Labor, Anchorage Mechanical Div. State of Alaska, Department of Labor, Juneau Wage & Hour Div. State of Alaska, Dept. of Transportation Leasing Division | State of Alaska Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Division, Air Traffic Division State Clearinghouse, State of Alaska, Office of the Governor, Div. of Policy Development & Planning State of Alaska, Department of Environmental Conservation U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service stakl/h Ike Waldrop Jr. Frank Cirori Traditional Council President Moses Agagalria Harold Sparck Traditional Council President Don Cather Dale Cheek Frank Hordie Bill Matice 2702 Denali Anchorage, AK 99503 272-6571 Kwethluk, AK 99621 543-2033 Napaskiak, AK 99559 Nakapiak, AK 99634 543-2062 PO Box 267 Bethel ,AK 99559 543-2956 Oscarville, AK 99559 650 W. Intl. Airport Rd. Anchorage, AK 99502 276-6516 P.O. Box 630 Juneau, AK 99811 465-4870 Pouch 6900 Anchorage, AK 99502 266-1662 701 "C" Street Anchorage, AK 99502 271-5902 Pouch AD Juneau, AK 99811 465-3577 Pouch 0 Juneau, AK 99811 465-2663 1011 E. Tudor Road Anchorage, AK 99507 276-3800 APPENDIX C BETHEL TRIP REPORTS APPENDIX C BETHEL TRIP REPORTS C.1 SWGR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT INITIAL PUBLIC MEETING AND FACT FINDING TRIP A. December 17, 1979 The initial public meeting scheduled on December 17, 1979 at 9:00 a.m. to discuss the Single-Wire-Ground-Return demonstration project was postponed when it became apparent that there would not be representa- tives from Akiachuk, Napakiak, Oscarville or Napaskiak attending. At the suggestion of Beverly Hoffman and Janet Shantz the meeting was rescheduled for 9:30 a.m. the following day, and a short message was prepared for broadcast at 6:00 p.m. on the “Tundra View" to inform the villages of the new meeting time. The remainder of the morning was spent investigating the Bethel Utility System with the assistance of the local manager Hal Barrego. The following information was gathered concerning the system. 1. Generation is 2400 volt delta, to be converted to 4160 volt wye. 2. The distribution system operates at 2400 volts delta with the exception of the airport/B.I.A. feeder which operates at 7200 volts delta. 3. Distribution system to be converted to 4.16/2.4 kV wye and 12.5/7.2 kV wye. stakl/k Cio 21 4. Installed capacity is 4 x 2040 kW diesel-generator sets. 5. Planned addition of 1900 kW of generation in near future. The additional generation will be obtained by refurnishing older diesel units damaged in the fire which destroyed the original power plant. 6. Take-off point to Akiachuk will most likely be near the old dump located near the lake and will require a 2400 volt to desired transmission voltage step-up transformer. 7. Take-off point to Napakiak will be near the B.I.A. site and will require a 7200 volt to 14,400-V transmission voltage step-up transformer. 8. Although no ground resistance measurements were taken, it appears that thaw bulbs located under Jakes near each take-off point might provide the necessary earthing points. The afternoon was used to visit with Harold Sparck, Janet Shantz and Frank Fox of the Nunam Kitlutsisti organization. Information obtained during this visit was useful for locating maps at B.I.A. showing native allotments along the proposed SWGR routing. The general attitude of this organization supports the idea of the SWGR demonstration project B. December 18, 1979 The public meeting concerning the SWGR demonstration project began at approximately 10:00 a.m. The meeting is recorded on cassette tape but will not be transcribed unless a specific need or request for transcription arises. An attendance roster listing the names and affiliation of persons attending is attached. Attendance at stak1/k Ci-.2 the meeting was considerably less than desired but with representa- tives from Napakiak, Bethel Native Corporation, AVCP, Nunam Kitlutisisti, and Bethel Utilities attending, a meeting was conducted. The following is a listing and discussion of the major points outlined during the meeting. i, Explanation and description of the SWGR demonstration project. An explanation and description of the SWGR demonstration project was presented to inform the audience of the SWGR concept, the reason for the demonstration project of the potential saving to villages. 2. Proposed routing of SWGR transmission line to Napakiak: a. Environmental impact. b. Proposed road to Napakiak. The proposed routing of the line and its possible environmental impact, both visual and ecological was discussed. It was suggested that the route to Napakiak should begin near the B.I.A. site and proceed south along a proposed road to be built to Napakiak. With both projects occupying the small corridor, environmental impact would be minimized. Presently, however, no preliminary routing for the proposed road exists. 3 Cost of electrical energy to villages. The cost of electrical energy to villages was discussed. The statement was made by Dale Rusnell of DEPD that a village connect to the demonstra- tion project is under no obligation to purchase power over the SWGR transmission line should this power exceed the cost of locally produced power. It is believed, however, that the cost of energy supplied over the SWGR line will be below the 24 cents per kWh cost of energy produced in the villages. stakl/k C=.3 4. Operating and Maintenance (0&M) of the line. This item produced the most discussion. The majority of the persons attending the meeting believed that it should be the responsibility of the sponsoring agency to fund the 0& of the line during its demonstration status, and not the benefiting village or organization. 5. Additional meetings to be held in Bethel, and the villages of Akiachuk and Napakiak. Additional meetings are to be held in the above mentioned villages during the fourth week of January. Arrangements will be coordinated by Dan Boyette of AVCP. 6. The general attitude at the meeting supported the idea of the SWGR demonstration project. The meeting was adjourned at 11:45 a.m. The afternoon was spent visiting Lyman Hoffman, City Manager of Bethel, Hal Roger and Solomon Williams of the B.I.A. to obtain information concerning native alloments along proposed SWGR transmission line routing. Those present on December 18, 1979 are: Name Affiliation Address/Phone Beverly Hoffman Resident/Tundra Drums Box 307 (543-3239) Newspaper Janet Shantz Nunam Kitlutsisti Box 267, Bethel (543-2956) Frank I. Nelson Napakiak Corps. Napakiak, AK 99634 stak1/k Con 4 Those present (Cont'd): Name Frank Fox Daniel Nelson Gerald F. Springs Jerry Zonitius Harold A. Borrego James A. Hoffman Dan Boyette Dora Gropp Frank Bettine Dale Rusneil Affiliation Nunam Kitlutsisti Napakiak Bethel Utilities Bethel Utilties Bethel Utilities Bethel Native Corp. AvcP R. W. Retherford Assoc. R. W. Retherford Assoc. DEPD Address/Phone Box 267, Bethel, AK 99559 Napakiak, 99634 Bethel Bethel Bethe] Box 719 (543-2124) Box 219, Bethel (543-3521) C.2 SWGR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT, NAPAKIAK AND AKIACHUK PUBLIC MEETINGS A. January 23, 1980 A visit by Frank Bettine with Mr. Harold Sparck of Nunam Kitlutsisti was accomplished to discuss the draft copy of the Reconnaissance Study of the Kisaralik River Hydroelectric Potential and Alternate Electric Energy Resources in the Bethel area and the SWGR demonstra- tion project. taped prepared for broadcast on "Nunam Kitutsisti Presents". At Mr. Sparcks' invitation a thirty-minute video interview concerning the SWGR demonstration project was Mr. Harold Sparck, Mr. Yago Tinker (interpreter) and Frank Bettine participated jin the interview. The interview outlined the purpose of the SWGR demonstration project and briefly summarized the advantages and technical aspects of the project. stakl/k C29 Prior to the interview Mr. Dan Boyette of AVCP was contacted to verify a meeting to discuss the SWGR project that had been scheduled in Napakiak on January 24th, and that transportation to this meeting was available. B. January 24, 1980 Mr. Robert W. Retherford, Mr. Dale Rusnell, who both arrived in Bethel during the morning, Dan Boyette of AVCP and Frank Bettine departed for Napakiak by snowmachine to attend a meeting scheduled for 1:00 p.m. concerning the SWGR project. Upon arriving in Napakiak, we briefly examined the present electrical distribution system as to its general condition and operating configuration until time for the meeting to commence. The following was observed: 1. Poles are of native spruce and appear to be in good condition. 2. Minimal frost jacking was observed. 3. System voltage 480V line-to-line. 4. B.I.A. School was supplied three phase power, remainder of community single phase power. 5. All pole mounted transformers connect line-to-line on 480V side. 6. Overall condition of the system appeared good. stakl1/k C- 6 The meeting was delayed approximately 30 minutes until Mr. Carl Mojin arrived, whom we asked to act as interpreter. The meeting lasted two hours and generated considerable interest in the project. During the course of the meeting the purpose, anticipated advantages, technical aspects and construction of the SWGR project was discussed. Mr. Billy McCann aided Mr. Mojin as interpreter and was instrumental in translating and describing certain aspects of the project. The meeting produced a favorable response to the project and at the end of the meeting Mr. Mojin informed me that the Napakiak Corporation Board of Directors consisting of: Daniel Nelson Frank Nelson Carl Mojin James Black Moss Ayagalria had previously discussed the project and had agreed to participate. Several men in the village also came forward to seek employment during the construction phase of the project. Their names are as follows: Alan Jimmy Adam Miller Willie Billy Alexie Michael John Aluskak Joseph Nakawallera In addition to the interest shown in Napakiak, Mr. Charlie Sims of Atmautluak (zip code 99559) who had traveled to Napakiak for the meeting, expressed extreme interest in the project. The people of Atmautlauk are in need of electrical power and would like to have a SWGR line constructed from Bethel to their village. Departed Napakiak and returned to Bethel. stakl1/k C7: C: January 25, 1980 Frank Bettine visited Mr. Myron Naneng in the AVCP Realty Office, to discuss temporary easements across native allotments. Mr. Naneng indicated letters of non-objection must be obtained from each allotment owner affected by the project and that a legal description of each easement would be necessary. Upon. completion of this visit, letters of non-objection were obtained from Ms. Grace Lieb and Ms. Margaret Sirilo, both of whom reside in Bethel. An aircraft was chartered from Executive Charter Service to transport Mr. Retherford, Mr. Rusnell and Frank Bettine to Akiachuk where we were to attend a meeting concerning the SWGR project. We had the pilot overfly the proposed route to Napakiak and Akiachuk. The route to Napakiak is upon the bluffs and clear of brush. This route should require minimal clearing. The route to Akiachuk skirts most of the timbered areas, but there is considerable brush and will require some clearing. Upon arriving in Akiachuk we located Mr. Joe Lomack who was instru- mental in arranging a meeting with the following individuals: Joe Lomack Tom Kasaylia Moses Peters Sam George Information concerning the SWGR project was presented to these individuals who would in turn present the information in an upcoming Akiachuk Corporation shareholders’ meeting. Mr. Lomack indicated that Retherford Associates would be contacted and informed of the outcome of the discussion concerning the SWGR project. stakl/k c- 8 After our meeting with the above gentlemen, a short tour of Akiachuk was conducted to peruse their electrical distribution system. The following was observed: 1. The distribution voltage level could not be determined, but operated as grounded wye system. 2. Generation voltage was not determined as the generator name plate was missing. 3. The present diesel generator set was in marginal condition. 4. Two Cummins 275kW, 480/277 volt and one 100 kW 208-240/ 416-480 volt Allis-Chalmers diesel-generator sets were located in a building adjacent to the present plant awaiting installation. 5. Overall condition of system appeared good. Departed Akiachuk at 4:00 p.m. and returned to Bethel. Departed Bethel at 8:00 p.m. and returned to Anchorage. C.3 SWGR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT, RESISTIVITY SURVEYS A. February 4, 1980 A visit was conducted to the Bureau of Indian Affairs Headquarters (B.1.A. Site) by Mr. Retherford, Mr. Rusnell and Frank Bettine to inquire about the possible use of an abandoned B.I.A. water well as a ground electrode. We discussed this issue with Mr. Bud Prince stakl/k c- 9 (Superintendent) and Mr. Al Johnson (Maintenance), both of whom were intrigued and interested in the SWGR project. Mr. Prince agreed to allow the use of the abandoned well as a ground electrode, if testing proved it suitable. Arrangements were then made with Mr. Johnson for a return visit on Friday, February 8, 1980, at which time ground resistance tests could be conducted. A public meeting, which began at 2:00 p.m., was conducted in Bethel to further discuss the SWGR project. The purpose of this meeting was to discuss the routing of the SWGR transmission line to Napakiak. An attendance roster listing the names and affiliations of persons attending is attached. The meeting is recorded on cassette tape but will not be transcribed unless a specific need or request for transcription arises. The context of the meeting is as follows: Napakiak Corporation had previously agreed to grant easements across their corporation lands. BNC and several individual allot- ment owners had previously been approached concerning possible temporary easements. Mr. Eddy Hoffman representing BNC implied there would be little problem in obtaining easements across the BNC Jands, although a formal vote by the Board of Directors would be necessary on Thursday, February 7, 1980. Hesitation in granting temporary easements was encountered from individual allotment owners. Several of the allotment owners were represented by Myron Naneng of AVCP, Bethel. Their primary concerns appeared to be as follows: 1. Once the project was constructed and proved feasible, the temporary easement might somehow become permanent. stakl/k C:- 10 os In the future a road to Napakiak might be constructed along the transmission line corridor. 3. No type of compensation (as required by law) was being offered to the allotment owners for the use of the temporary easement. 4. Disposition of the line after the one year of State ownership. It was then pointed out that the answers to many of these questions were at present uncertain and could not be answered until the demonstration project had been built and proved feasible. The audience was, however, assured by Mr. Rusnell that numerous public meetings would be conducted prior to disposal of the SWGR project by the state. The meeting was adjourned at approximately 4:90 p.m. with the routing through the native allotments still unresolved. Additional discussion with Myron Naneng and selected allotment owners will be necessary to resolve the easement problem. Mr. Retherford and Mr. Rusnell departed for Anchorage on the evening Wien flight. Dora Gropp and Craig Thompson arrived from Anchorage on the evening Wien flight to help with soil resistivity measurements to be conducted in Napakiak and Bethel during the following three days. B. February 5, 1980 Dora Gropp, Craig Thompson and Frank Bettine departed for Napakiak 9:30 a.m. The services of Allen Jimmy and Nick Andrew, both from Napakiak, were employed on Wednesday and Thursday for necessary labor and transportation involved in testing for low resistivity stak1/k C >All soils near Napakiak. The four most promising locations determined from testing and as listed in the attached EM31 Ground Resistivity Test Data Sheet are: ne Napakiak Slough Arm approximately 3rd pole from end of 480 volt line on west side of airstrip. 2. Three hundred feet north of airstrip windsock. 3. Napakiak Slough at first house on west side of town. 4. Napakiak Bluff/Slough Intersection. Daniel Nelson of Napakiak Corporation was also visited to discuss local labor and equipment rental rates. The following rates were quoted: Labor Cost: $7.00/hour (permanent hire) Snowmachine Rates: $15.00/day for hauling passengers Plus operator costs Plus $0.15/mile $30.00/day for hauling freight Plus operator costs : Plus $0.15/mile Concluding the meeting with Daniel Nelson, a detailed investigation of the Napakiak distribution system was undertaken. The following information is a result of this investigation. 1. Napakiak Power Plant consists of two 150 kW diesel generator sets equipped with Lima Electric 1800 rpm generators. stakl/k Gee 12 2. Generation is 480 volts, wye. 3. Distributed system operates at 480 volts, wye. (i.e. no step up transformer) 4. Generators are not capable of synchronized operation. A mechanical interlock mounted on the control prevents the possibility on simultaneous operation. 5. Two main feeders labeled: School - Dist. #1, and Village - Dist. # 2 supply the community. 6. The B.I.A. school is provided three phase power. 7. The remainder of the community is provided single phase power. 8. B.I.A. operates six, three phase motors and numerous two phase feeders. 9. B.I.A. has stand-by generators which can supply both the school and community during emergencies. 10. A manual transfer switch is located in the B.I.A. building allowing selection of village power or self-generation. 11. B.I1.A. is fed through a 480/208-120 volt, 45 kVA transformer. 12. Distribution feeder in the community appeared to be 4/0 triplex. 13. Native spruce is used for the utility poles. stakl/k .- 13 14. Distribution transformers are single phase dry type 480/240-120 volt secondary. 15. Overall condition of the system appears good to excellent. Returned Bethel 5:30 p.m. Cc. February 7, 1980 Departed Napakiak 9:00 a.m. Additional soil resistivity tests were conducted in location (1) as outlined above using a Biddle Earth Tester. Using the fall-of-potential method a single electrode driven ten feet into the unfrozen soil produced a resistance reading of 40 ohms. Employing the Wenner array with 30 feet spacing, the apparent soil resistivity was measured to be approximately 9500 ohm-cm. The results of these tests indicate that the required low resistance ground connection can be readily obtained in Napakiak. Concluding these tests, we returned to Bethel along the bluff trail leading from Napakiak to the B.I.A. site. The terrain is tundra covered, gently rolling hills sparsely dotted with small lakes and should provide few obstacles to the construction of the SWGR transmission line. D. February 8, 1980 The morning was spent trying to contact various individuals in Bethel by phone and was rewarded with little success. The only useful results was to establish a meeting with Bobby Hoffman of BNC to discuss the temporary easement across BNC lands. At this meeting Mr. Hoffman indicated that BNC had no objections to a temporary easement during the time the demonstration project is classified as stakl1/k c- 14 experimental but not to exceed one year. At the end of the project's experimental classification or expiration of the one year interval, the easement must be renegotiated. The remainder of the afternoon was spent at the B.I.A. site inves- tigating the resistance of the abandoned well casing. Using the fall-of-potential method and the Biddle Earth Tester, the resistance of the well casing was determined to be 10 ohms. The results of this test indicates that the required low resistance ground connection can be readily obtained in Bethel. Departed Bethel 8:30 p.m., arrived Anchorage 9:30 p.m. stak1/k C--*15 Name Frank Bettine R. W. Retherford Dale Rusnell Jay Livey Grace Lieb Pauline Chaney Anna Alexie Dan Boyette Frank Nicori Daniel Nelson Allen K. Jimmy Tred Eyerly Charlie Sims Moses Ayagalria Fritz J. Willie Nick Andrew, Sr. Nels Alexie Myron P. Naneng Leroy Groves Hal Borrego Tom Sterrett, Jr. Gerald Korthuis Joseph Chiosel Eddy Hoffman stakl/k Affiliation Retherford Associates Retherford Associates Div. of Energy & Power Development City of Bethel AVCP Kwethluk, Inc. Napakiak Corp. Napakiak Corp. Alaska Legal Services Atmautluak, Ltd. Napakiak Corporation City of Napakiak City of Napakiak AVCP BIA Bethel Utilities Bethel Utilities Corp. Bethe] Utilities Corp. Bethel Native Corp. Cc - 16 Address/Phone Number Anchorage/344-2585 Anchorage/344-2585 Anchorage Box 388, Bethel Box 381, Bethel/543-3576 Box 361, Bethel/543-2009 ‘Napakiak 99634 Box 219, Bethel Kwethluk 99621/543-2033 Napakiak 99634/543-2062 Napakiak 99634/543-2062 Box 248, Bethel/543~-2237 Atmaut1uak/543-2103 Napakiak/543-2062 Napakiak/543-2062 Napakiak/543-2062 Box 591, Bethel/543-2091 Box 219, Bethel/543-3521 Box 347, Bethel 543-2949 Box 729, Eagle River/694-9631 543-2949 Box 96J, Bethei/543-2552 Et = |9 apal7/ql NAPAKIAK (BETHEL) 02-06/02-07 GROUND RESISTIVITY TESTS 1980 STATION* a R Ry dy, Ro dy Ro # Location Cmmho/m] [08m] [O-m] [ft] [e=m [ft] [2-m] 0 Intersection Napakiak Slough/ 18 55 1000 4 40 2 50 Bluff Slough 1 Napakiak Slough - at first house 20 50 1000 4 36 2 45 2 West of airstrip 15 66.7 1000 4 48 2 60 3 East of airstrip 15 66.7 1000 4 48 2 60 4 Kuskokwim River (on ice ridge) 20 50 1000 4 36 2 45 5 Pond near airstrip 15 66.7 1000 4 48 2 60 6 Bank of pond [5] 15 66.7 1000 4 48 2 60 7 Smal] pond near village 17 59 1000 4 42 2 53 8 ~ 300' north of airstrip wind sock 18.5 54 1000 4 40 2 50 9 Napakiak Slough - arm 20 50 1000 4 36 2 45 10 ~ at 3rd pole from end of 480 V line 21 48 1000 4 34 2 43 11 Napakiak/Bluff Slough Intersection 22 45 1000 4 33 2 41 12 Napakiak Slough (Main arm at (9]). 17 59 1000 4 42 2 53 13 Top of Bluff at Napakiak Slough 12.5 80 ~ 1000 4 60 2 75 Intersection 14 Pond on top of Bluff 15 66.7 1000 4 48 2 60 * See attached map. a = Apparent conductivity (instrument reading) R. = Apparent resistivity Assumed resistivity for frozen top layer d, = Assumed depth of top layer Ro = Calculated resistivity of second layer with za e W assumed R; and d, (two layer earth assumed) Le MEA go Sze \ a € yee Q\ ery) ea } NX es «- FIGUR te c C-1R APPENDIX D PHOTOGRAPHS Conductivity surveying with EM-31 Testing resistance of earth electrode using Biddle Earth Tester Proposed crossing of Napakiak slough Typical terrain surrounding Napakiak Abandoned- well house site Typical terrain along transmission route Abandoned power line "A" Frame Structure, Post Insulator (with vibration dampers) REFERENCES [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] REFERENCES "A Regional Electric Power System for the Lower Kuskokwim Vicinity, A Preliminary Feasibility Assessment" prepared for the United States Department of the Interior - Alaska Power Administration, by Robert W. Retherford Associates, Anchorage, Alaska, July 1975. Reconnaissance Study of the Kisaralik River Hydroelectric Power Potential and Alternate Energy Resources in the Bethel Area, Alaska Power Authority, by R. W. Retherford Associates February 1980. "Grounding Electric Circuits in Permafrost", a paper by J. R. Eaton, P.E., West Lafayette, Indiana (formerly Professor of Electrical Engineering, Purdue University and visiting Professor of Electrical Engineering, University of Alaska) consultant to Alyeska Pipeline Service Co.; P.O. Klueber, P.E., Senior Operations Engineer, Alyeska Pipeline Service Co., Anchorage, Alaska and Robert W. Retherford, P.E. of Robert W. Retherford Associates, Anchorage, Alaska. January 1976. "Single-Wire Ground-Return Transmission Line Electrical Perfor- mance", a paper prepared for Robert W. Retherford Associates by J. R. Eaton, visiting Professor of Electrical Engineering, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, April 1974. "Ground Electrode Systems", by J. R. Eaton, Professor of Electrical Engineering, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana, sponsored by Commonwealth Edison Company, Chicago, I]linois, June 1969. stakl/m = [6] [7] [8] [9] "Performance Characteristics of Motors Operating from Rotary- Phase Converters", prepared by Leon Charity, Professor Agricul- tural Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, and Leo Soderholm, Agricultural Engineer, Farm Electrification Res. Br. AERD, ARS, USDA, Ames, Iowa. This paper was presented at the IEEE Rural Electrification Conference held at Cedar Rapids, Iowa May 1-2, 1967. Paper No. 34CP, 67-268. "Rural Electrification by Means of High Voltage Earth Return Power Lines", by My E. Robertson, Paper No. 1933 presented before a General Meeting of the Electrical and Communication Engineering Branch of the Sydney Division on 27 August 1964. The author is the Design Engineer for the Electricity Authority of New South Wales, Australia. "Wire Shielding 230 kV Line Carries Power to Isolated Area” - an article which appeared in the July 15, 1960 issue of Electric Light and Power, written by D. L. Andrews, Distribution Studies Engineer and P.A. Oakes, System Analysis Engineer, Idaho Power Company. This article describes a 40 kV single- phase transmission line using earth return. “Single-Phase, Single-Wire Transmission for Rural Electrifi- cation", Conference Paper No. CP 60-883, presented at the AIEE Summer General Meeting, Atlantic City, New Jersey, June 19-24, 1960 by R. W. Atkinson, Fellow AIEE and R.K. Garg, Associate Member AIEE, both of Bihar Institute of Technology, P.O. Sindri Institute, Dhanbad (Bihar) ~ India. stak1/m shes [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] "Single Wire Earth Return High Voltage Distribution for Victorian Rural Areas", by J.L.W. Harvey, B.C.E., B.E.E., H.K. Richardson, B.E.E., B. Com., and I.B. Montgomery, B.E., B.E.E., Messrs. Harvey and Richardson are with the Electricity Supply Department, State Electricity Commission of Victoria, Australia and Mr. Montgomery is Director and General Manager, Warburton Franki (Melbourne) Ltd. This paper No. 1373 was presented at the Engineering Conference in Hobart, Australia, 6 to 21 March, 1959. The paper recalls that "...... the system was first developed by Lloyd Mandeno of Aukland, New Zealand, who introduced it in the Bay of Islands area in the North Island of New Zealand in 1941. Since that time ...... thousands of consumers are connected to hundreds of miles of single-wire lines ...... In September 1951, the State Electricity Commission of Victoria erected a small experimental system at Stanley... . following the success of the experimental installations the single-wire earth-return system has been very extensively used in Victoria... ." "Using Ground Return for Power Lines", by R.K. Garg (see [9] above) of the Bihar Institute of Technology - an article published in the Indian Construction News, June 1957. Electrical Transmission Distribution Reference Book, 4th Edition, 1950, copyrighted and published by the Westinghouse Electric Corporation, East Pittsburg, Pa. "A Regional Electric Power System for the Lower Kuskokwim Vicinity", Alaska Power Administration, prepared by R. W. Retherford Associates, July 1975. Rural Electrification Administration Bulletin 62-1, Trans- mission Line Manual, September 1972. stakl/m “135 [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] Alaska Regional Profiles, Southwest Region published by The University of Alaska Arctic Environment and Data Center. "School Site Investigation for Oscarville, Alaska", Lower Kuskokwim School District, prepared by R&M Consultants, January 1979. "Resources of Alaska, A Regional Summary", Joint Federal~State Land Use Planning Commission for Alaska, revised June 1975. "Earth Resistances", by G. F. Tagg, Pitman Publishing Corporation, London, 1964. "The Earth Connection (A Study of Earth Electrode Systems)" by Frank J. Bettine, Masters' thesis, University of Oklahoma, 1978. National Electrical Safety Code, ANSI C2, 1977 edition stak1/m eS