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Single Wire Ground Return Transmission Line Demonstration Project 1980
SINGLE WIRE GROUND | RETURN TRANSMISSION LINE DEMONSTRATION ‘PROJECT PREPARED BY RAJ BHARGAVA ASSOCIATES ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Ltd. SINGLE WIRE GROUND RETURN TRANSMISSION LINE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT PROPERTY OF: Alaska Power Authority 334 W. Sih Ave. Anchorage, Aiaska 99501 by DECEIVE m Raj Bhargava Associates and Environmental Services Limited ALASKA ENEKG This study funded by a grant from the Division of Energy and Power, Department of Commerce and Economic Development, State of Alaska. ABSTRACT A grant from the State of Alaska, Department of Commerce and Economic Development, Division of Energy and Power Development, provided funding for a feasibility study of a single-wire ground return (SWGR) transmission line (Phase 1), construction of the line (Phase ||) and observation of the line for one year (Phase II1). This report contains the results of the fea- sibility study. The report covers the results of investigations into many areas: local support for the SWGR system and potential owners/operators; design, cost and routing of the line based on local environment, climate and native interests; environmental impact; legal considerations; sugges- tions for management; and logistics of construction. TABLE OF CONTENTS PART | - THE SINGLE WIRE GROUND RETURN CONCEPT PART II - GEOLOGY, SOILS AND GEOLOGIC HAZARDS PART III - ELECTRODE RESISTANCE TESTS IN SHUNGNAK AND KOBUK PART IV - POWER DISTRIBUTION IN KOBUK PART V. - MANAGEMENT LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. - The SWGR System Figure 2. - The Zone of Continuous Permafrost Figure 3. - Electrode Location in Kobuk Figure 4. - Electrode Location in Shungnak Figure 5. - Proposed Dahl Creek Electrode Test Site APPENDICES Construction Resistance and Resistivity Tests Transmission Right-of-Way Procedure Environmental Assessment Narrative Design Criteria Public Meetings Correspondence RDA Grant Application zro™m™moo Dw Yd Page 14 15 10 12 13 PART | - THE SINGLE WIRE GROUND RETURN CONCEPT This report studies the feasibility of building a Single Wire Ground Return (SWGR) power line in Northwest Alaska. It is hoped that a SWGR power line will be affordable to small communities in rural Alaska. A low cost power line design must consider three main criteria: t. Cost of Materials: A standard single-phase power line in the United states has two wires: one wire carries current from generator to con- sumer; a second wire returns the current from consumer to generator. The attractive feature of a SWGR transmission line is that current is returned to the source through the earth, thus saving the expense of a neutral wire (Figure 1). Use of local trees for poles will also re- duce the cost of the line. Z. Cost of Labor: Native labor will be used to cut and prepare trees, and in construction of the line. This saves the expense of housing and feeding imported labor, and paying the high wages expected by imported labor for bush work. An additional benefit is the input of capital into the local economy. ms Cost of Operation: This covers the cost of maintenance and power loss. The loss of power due to resistive heating may introduce long term costs which would offset the initial advantage of a low cost powerline. Central Power Systems Power supply systems based on a centrally located generator and a distri- bution grid have two advantages. Generators burning fossil fuels become more efficient as size increases, so a central diesel generator will use less fuel than several smaller generators in each village. The prospect of developing hydroelectric power will make power lines necessary, as hydro sites are often located distant from villages. A disadvantage of central Figure 1 The SWGR System Dall Creek Substation ao Aa Single Wire See One Ground Return 7200 V 2000' up river Sites Powerhouse Consumption meter and Laine { circuit Ss \ { — breaker ae (h \ Electrode . i TI iit \\ Shungnak K a 10 miles Secs power systems is the dependence of many consumers on the reliability of one source. Specifications for the SWGR System Kobuk has a potential market of fifteen residential and seven community or commercial consumers. Residential consumers will be limited to a 1.5 kW load by their circuit breakers. Dahl Creek is another area with potential customers. The Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Fire Fighting Division in Fairbanks has expressed an interest in electric power for summer activ- ities at their Dahl Creek camp. They would run a mess trailer and use an estimated 2,000 kWh in a three month season. There is one permanent residence in Dahl Creek. A power supply of 50 kW in Shungnak would handle the demand in Kobuk and Dahl Creek. Line to earth voltage was selected to be 7,200 V. This voltage allows use of standard transformers, protective devices, switches and other substa- tion devices. It will also keep the current low, around 7 amps. Power rates will follow the Alaska Village Electrical Cooperative's (AVEC) rates and are outlined in Appendix H. Summary: Line Length - 8-14 lines depending on route Voltage - 7,200 V Power Supply - 50 kW in Shungnak Power Loss Power losses will come from resistive heating in the line and at the elec- trodes. With an estimated 7 amps in the line at roughly 45¢ per kWh, every ohm of resistance will cost: _ {Cost\{Thirty 12-Hour Days\ ,2 Cost/ohm - Month = \( Month )! R - (2) 360 .049 kw = $7.93 per ohm per month Note: Resistances 7.5 miles of 1/0 ACSR at .1676 Q/m has 6.6 resistance (direct route). 14.3 miles of 1/0 ACSR at .1676 2/m has 12.7 resistance (Dahl Creek route). Kobuk Electrode: Tests indicate a negligible resistance. Actual value will not be known until ground rods are driven. Shungnak Electrode: Actual value won't be know until ground rods are set. Earth Between Electrodes: Resistance to current decreases as the distance from electrode increases due to increased surface area. This should be small, but will contribute to the overall resistance. Taking into account line resistances only, resistive losses will cost: (A) 7.5 mile route; 6.6 2, $52.00/month; (B) 14.3 mile route; 12.7 2, $101.00/month. PART II - GEOLOGY, SOILS AND GEOLOGIC HAZARDS Kobuk and Shungnak lie within the upper reaches of the Kobuk-Selawick lowlands. Elevations range from one hundred fifty feet at the townsites to three thousand feet on the alpine ridges north of the villages. The study area itself lies completely within the floodplains and terraces of the Kobuk River. These are composed of deep silty and sandy water-laid sediments. A few gravel and stony deposits exist near Dahl Creek. Moderately dis- sected terraces underlain by periglacial deposits rise gently to the north to the base of the Schwatka Mountains. Natural levees have been built up along the Kobuk River and some of the streams flowing into it. An oxbow lake has formed north of Kobuk where the Kobuk River abandoned its pre- vious channel. It now flows south of Kobuk. Kobuk itself is built on the natural levee of the Kobuk River. The site is nearly flat, sloping gently upward north of the riverbank. Vegetation in the village is well established and no patterned ground is evident. Gravel occurs along bars and. beaches and it may also underlie the oxbow lake. Shungnak is located west of Kobuk on a bluff above the Kobuk River. Elevation here rarely exceeds two hundred feet above sea level and land form relief of over fifty feet is due to the river bluffs only. The bluff rises sixty feet and supports almost the entire village. A few residents are still located below the escarpment on the floodplain. Some marginal deposits of aeolian silt and sand have been exposed in the bluffs. These deposits overlay glacial deposits of silt, sand and gravel. This entire area lies within the continuous permafrost zone. Permafrost begins from several inches to few feet below the surface and extends to depths of up to three hundred feet. There is little to no thaw bulb extending into the river bank adjacent to Shungnak. Although the soils are mainly fine grained, no stratified ice has been reported in the exposed bluff. Kobuk appears to be within a thaw bulb of the Kobuk River. Permafrost does exist in the surrounding areas, but not directly beneath the village. Fine-grained soils have been found at both ends of the runway and also between the Kobuk River and the oxbow lake, indicating that permafrost may be present at these locations. Fine-grained soil is very frost susceptible and may contain ice lenses or strata. If such lenses were to melt, it would cause the soil to flow or col- lapse. This situation can be avoided during excavation by placing a gravel mat between structures and frozen ground or by backfilling with coarser material than that removed. Most of the soils in the area are poorly drained due to permafrost tables beneath the surface. Most vegetation is of the tundra type category, although some forests do exist on well drained soils on floodplains and on natural levees along streams. The proposed route passes through a couple of these forested regions at Wesley Creek and along Dahl Creek. Most of the train lies along broad, nearly level, poorly drained soils sup- porting tundra vegetation. During the summer, water is perched above the permafrost and the soil is nearly always wet. If the organic surface material is removed, the soil may settle and thaw to a greater depth. This could result in ponded depressions unless such depressions are filled. Kobuk is subject to severe flooding and bank erosion. The Kobuk River is subject to ice jam flooding, which occurs to some extent annually. A large ice jam occurred in 1973, flooding the entire village. Shungnak has no serious bank erosion problems. A spruce forest and thick permafrost make the slip-off slope fairly stable. There is the poten- tial for ice jam flooding every twenty to forty years. The one hundred year flood is estimated to reach the one hundred forth foot contour, which would mean a fifteen foot rise in the water level. PART II! - ELECTRODE RESISTANCE TESTS IN SHUNGNAK AND KOBUK The challenge of building a SWGR system in arctic and subarctic areas with permafrost lies in establishing good earth electrodes. The earth elec- trode is the contact between the conventional wire and the earth. Common electrodes are rods, pipes, metal plates, etc. A good electrode must have low resistance, be in a region where the earth is fairly stable between seasonal changes and be resistant to corrosion and other forces. Resistance to current through an earth electrode has three components: 1. resistance of the electrode itself; ae contact resistance between the electrode and the soil adjacent to it; and i resistance of the surrounding earth. Generally, the resistance of the surrounding earth will be the largest of the three components making up the resistance of a ground connection. The resistance of the soil is discussed in terms of resistivity units, ohms/cm. The resistivity of the soil is dependent on the moisture content, chemical compositon of the soil and the temperature. In Alaska, frozen ground is the first obstacle to the SWGR line from an engineering standpoint. A 54° drop in temperature (from 68°F to 14°F) causes almost a 50-fold increase in resistivity. Ground conditions vary throughout Alaska. It may be unfrozen through- out the year, permanently frozen, or there may be a layer of seasonally frozen surface soil. Three general combinations exist: 1. an active surface layer on top of permafrost; 2. an active layer over thawed ground; and Ss unfrozen earth sandwiched between an active surface layer and permafrost. The permafrost, frozen year round, is anywhere from one foot to two thousand feet thick. Under the permafrost may be unfrozen soil or bed- rock. Permafrost is continuous throughout northwest Alaska except in the thaw bowls of rivers and deep lakes (Figure 2). Resistivity and Resistance Tests Tests indicate that Shungnak and Kobuk have sites with ground water that will allow placement of low resistance electrodes. The average resistivities were high. However, taking into account a frozen surface layer and var- ious dry soils before ground water is met, the values are encouraging. Test results are in Appendix B. Electrodes Placement and testing of electrodes twenty to thirty feet deep will be the first step in Phase 2 of the SWGR project. The resistance of the first rod will be measured as it is driven to determine when ground water is con- tacted. Other rods will be added in parallel to lower this resistance and to prevent pitting of the electrode due to arcing. The true test will come as current is applied to the electrodes. Tests described in Reference 12 indicate that pitting and arcing may occur with high voltage and current. Heating of the electrode may dry nearby soil. The resistance as measured in an inactive system may increase during the first 15 minutes of operation due to degradation of the electrode, soil movement, and soil dehydration. Electrode Sites Kobuk: Kobuk has groundwater twenty-five to thirty-five feet below the surface. Selection between two electrode sites (see Figure 3) in Kobuk depends on the route selection. Due to periodic flooding from ice jams during breakup, the electrode will be located about 500 feet from the Kobuk River, out of the floodplain. Figure 2 Zone of continuous Permafrost T T 166° 158° Barrow 7 ce ee e . o* e ,@ meee ‘ , hee i ’ Point Hope + -——“e | ‘ \ \ . az ee 3) Sa -’ Cape Prince, ‘of Wales ~ Active ice wedges—Winter ground temperature at top of permafrost 5°F (-15°C) Areas of closed-system pingos Ct] Weakly active to inactive ice wedges e ° Areas of open-system pingos Source: R.J.E. Brown and T.L. Péwé, 1973. Distribution of permafrost in North America and its relationship to the environment in Permafrost.Pro- ceedings, Second International Permafrost Conference. SWGR Powerline Direct Route Electrode Wines Figure 3 Alternate SWGR Route From Dahl Creek Cat Track From Dahl Creek Potential Electrode Shungnak: A slough area located about 2,000 feet upstream will be the site of the Shungnak electrode. The slough area has a trail through it, but rerouting the trail should clear up this problem (see Figure 4). Dahl Creek: A Dahl Creek Substation is not required in the State Contract to build the SWGR line. The BLM Division of Fire Fighting is interested in power for their camp at Dahl Creek. Resistivity tests will be conducted as shown in Figure 5 if the BLM is willing to pay for the added 2 miles of hardware, substation, labor, and trenching 4,000 feet around the Dahl Creek landing strip. Negotiations are being conducted. 11 cL 0 x FINAL “" ELECTRODE LOCATION a] PREVIOUS ELECTRODE REAISTANCE TEST AREA “Le FF REGION leseererincoen SF —— _IZIEG AZ vs Uy iy Zvf "FIGURE 4 PART IV - POWER DISTRIBUTION IN KOBUK The power line is being paid for by the State. The Kobuk distribution system is potentially financed by one of two sources: 1. An application has been made to the Rural Development Agency (RDA) for a grant of $40,000 (maximum allowed). See Appendix H for grant application. 2. Funding may be possible through allocations by the State Legislature. This possibility is being investigated by a local legislator. The actual cost of the distribution system is estimated to be $57,000 (cost breakdown in grant application). It is typical of electric consumers that the more power they have, the more they want. At least one private power system failed in Kobuk because the system was overloaded with luxury appliances. Limits should be set on the amount of power consumed so that monthly bills will stay low enough to be affordable. It is estimated that power for two light bulbs and a freezer will cost about $75 monthly. 14 PART V - MANAGEMENT Managing the powerline can be done by two people; a financial manager and a maintenance person. Salaries would be paid for with profits from resale of power. There are three problems regarding management in Kobuk: 1. At a public meeting held in Kobuk in January, 1980, no one was enthusiastic about managing the powerline finances. ms Collecting Bills: Income is seasonal in Kobuk. The vast majority of local people are dependent on trapping, construction and mining for their income. As AVEC has discovered, natives often have no money for monthly bills. Shutting off residential power is tough to do, as it may mean a personal confrontation between villagers; and shutting off power to a food freezer might destroy a family's food supply. 3. Level of Technology: Finding a person who can handle maintenance may be difficult. The maintenance man for the schools in Ambler, Shungnak, and Kobuk is Paul Weisner. He is a civil engineer and is familiar with power systems. He is not enthusiatic about the SWGR system or maintaining it. Outside technicians would have to be flown in, or a local villager would have to be trained to maintain and repair the line. Management should be carefully chosen. Although it would be best to keep the powerline profits in Kobuk, this may be impractical. A stumbling block to attracting management is the unknown profit of the powerline. Until the line is constructed, power losses are measured and customers are serviced and billed, the actual ability of the power line to pay for managing and maintenance is unknown. IS Suggestions: Ne Alaska Power Authority (APA) could run the line for a year. The Contractor will maintain the line for a year. After profits are determined, private management would be easier to attract. Z. APA could run the line. AVEC would sell power to APA at Shungnak | and buy it back at the Kobuk end of the line. Then AVEC would resell the power to Kobuk consumers. 16 APPENDIX A CONSTRUCTION TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ASERAMETDESIGN <.'0 3.) a Mave, blige bees we eve Se Ae LINERROUME? ce feet (ee | ie ak eee). eer NETWORK #DESIGN) fe) ah ce ee ee Ee AN oe EONDUGTOR: SELECTION. <0 433. Sh ad elt Se 2 oe ARB Sead Ce WS. “GOT 4. sige © ee ct es ee POWER LINE CLEARANCE CALCULATION ............. A011 CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE ..........-2.22---4 4 A018 CONSTRUCTION METHOD .........-2--222--44 4 Ar15 MODEL TEST OF SWGR POWER LINE ............... A*16 GONSTRUCTION COSTS 2°. sk he ee ee AP 22 SEASONAL CONSIDERATIONS ........--2-2-2++44 + A731 CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE ........----22---+44. A731 TABOR Er ia Cea bolo ale gta) Pee edt bad el [ecg Mg he” aeAesel POLIENSELEGTION 285) 3.0.0 Actes Pla a aon oe QR ane es AOR CONVENTIONAL SINGLE POLE POWERLINE COST COMPARISON . . A-33 A-FRAME CONSTRUCTION The A-frame construction method is derived from a feasibility study by Robert W. Retherford Associates, July 1975. The advantages of this design are: Te transverse stability with the A-frame structure; z. flexibility in freezing and thawing ground; and 3. use of local timber and labor. Longitudinal stability is provided by the tension of the conductor, with storm guys every half mile. Basic construction drawings follow. As the power line deviates from a straight line, greater stresses are created on the support poles and side guys are required. The first four drawings cover the angles 0-5°, 5-30°, 30-60°, and 60-90°. Angles are measured as the deviation from the previous straight line. Finally, a Double Deadend Storm Guy is shown. This structure is used at deadends and every one- half mile to prevent complete collapse of the line if the conductor should break. LINE ROUTE Two routes are shown in the blue line enclosed in the back cover. The Dahl Creek route will only be considered if the BLM shows further interest in power to their summer fire fighting camp. NETWORK DESIGN Network design includes transformers and line protection devices. A step- up transformer in Shungnak will raise the voltage to 7.2 kV. This same voltage is delivered to distribution transformers in Kobuk. See Diagram A-1. Physical and electrical connection of the transformers and protective devices to the A-frames will follow REA Specifications for 7.2 to 15 kV powerlines. 4 g' Class 5 Pole —( fren [HO [MSTERAL CTEM O- | 2 |Haulser, Pin-toP te | 1 [THMBLE Eve b | 2 |Pit, ROLE Tor @'" en C | 7 [ROLTHACHIHE, S/e'x 7 A | 2 [WeeHER aolarReE, 2%" | ai | Qt [2@ |RAT Ikon, s'xa"x4@" [g [1 [auy ar | 1 [ARMOR ROD~ . 7.0/1.5 G/. PHASE DOUBLE PRIMARY t [2 [nes 7 = GUPPORTS 5° TO 30° MAX AHGLE A-3 - |o floktir -S> KVA PRIMARY 1-PHASe blll Pallas rio" =. eee Pe od UN GNAK ~ ~KOBUK “SINGLE WIRE GROUND RETURN. peer | POWER LINE “a ’ | (fm Ics DAHL - ALT EF | : . - SECT IONALIZIt ee SWITCH ,/ OEE | 72 We JL ma 200 AMP SOKW SUPPLY 480VOLTS ; | a E, LOCATED 2,000° E AVEC POWERHOUSE . UPSTREAM FROM SHUNGNAK . - SHUNGNAK IN ~ SLOUGH REGION ———1+_—_——_ 7.5 MILES Direct ROUTE. | 2 MILES DAHL CREEK ALTERNATE £ INDICATES ELECTRODE | BHARGAVA ASSC SELECTION OF CONDUCTOR SIZE The conductor selection was governed by several criteria: (1) current carrying capacity; (2) span length vs. increased conductor cost; (3) sag vs. clearance; and (4) line tensions vs. winching ability available; ease of erection and ease of repair. ae The current in the line will be approximately 10 amps. A No. 4 ACSR wire can handle 100 amps. A No. 4 ACSR or larger wire could easily handle future growth. a Span length is the main criterion for conductor selection. In Table A-2 it is shown that the cost of the conductor is minor compared to cost of structures, and that the longest span possible is desired. ae The maximum sag allowable is determined by the height of poles avail- able and clearance required by code. Future projects may wish to use local trees and 35-foot trees are considered tall in Northwest Alaska. This puts a limit on the sag, as shown in the Powerline Clearance Calculation, of 10-11 feet. 4. Line tension goes hand in hand with span increase. As the line ten- sion increases, winching equipment increases in size, the winching anchor must be heavier (tractor) or stronger (anchor), and if the line should break, the storm guy points must be able to withstand the initial shock as tension is released. Use of Alumo- weld guy wire with a line tension of 8,000 pounds introduces large vertical stresses on the A-frame structures while pulling the line to tension and at guy points, creates an increased safety hazard while pulling the line to tension, and should the line or any guy structures fail, the initial shock of released tension may overcome storm guy resulting in collapse of the large portions of the line. If a line is fairly straight and requires few side guys, a high tension line may be more acceptable. The Shungnak - Kobuk line follows trails, roads, and passes around lakes and rough terrain, which results in many turns and side guys. A-8 Conclusion If a powerline route is relatively straight, then long, high tension spans are an advantage. The Shungnak - Kobuk SWGR line follows a course with many turns requiring side guying. We chose a 1/0 ACSR conductor and a 400 foot span. Line tension is 2,100 pounds. Note: Use of Alumoweld seven number eights guy wire, with a resistance of 0.45 Q/m, would give a line resistance of 34 Q2 on a 14.3 mile line. This is an increase in resistance by a factor of 2.7 over 1/0 ACSR (at 0.1676 Q/m). 34 Q (7 #8) - 12.72 = 21.32 At $7.93 per ohm per month, using Alumoweld would cost an addi- tional $169 per month in power loss. Using 700 foot spans would save about $104,000. At $0.45 per kWh, it would take 52 years to justify using a better conductor. However, on this powerline, the monthly expenses are born by the future owners, while the initial monetary savings benefit the contractor. This is an argument against using Alumoweld guy wire as a conductor. TABLE A-2 SPAN LENGTH VS. COST FOR KOBUK - SHUNGNAK SWGR LINE Const Spans Days Span Req'd Rec'd 200 376 94 300 251 62 400 188 47 500 151 38 600 125 31 700 108 26 Equip + Labor Material Labor Equip Material Ext Ext Per Per Per Days X Spans X_ Total Day Day A-Frame (A + B) L Cost 2,250 930 477 298,920 179,352 478,727 2,250 930 477 197,160 119,727 316,887 2,250 930 477 149, 460 89,676 239,136 2,250 930 477 120,840 72,027 192,867 27200 930 477 98,580 59,625 158,205 2,250 930 477 82,680 51,516 134,196 Cost estimate doesn't include feasibility study, preparation, buried portions of line, overhead, closing costs, or cost of conductor. Line is 14.3 miles of aerial construction, with four A-frames raised per day. A. B. Cc Labor/Day: 3 company men x $455/10 hr man-day = 1,350 Equipment/Day: (see heavy equipment costs) Materials: A-frames, 2 poles/each, $60/poles, $417 shipping, Total = $477/A-frame - Cost of Conductor 14.3 miles 1/0 ACSR 14.3 miles 7 #8 Alumoweld = $27,197.00 = $10,344.00 A-10 POWERLINE CLEARANCE CALCULATION National Electrical Safety Code, 1977 Rule 232A For powerlines 750 V - 15 kV, running along rural roads, 18 ft. clearance is required for 175 ft. spans. For spans over 175 ft., add .15 ft. for 10 ft. increase for large conductors (any non-copper, stranded, over .275 inches). This is an increase of 22.5 x .15 = 3.4 ft. Total powerline clearance, 400-foot spans, beside rural roads: 18 + 3.4 ec4tt. For road crossings, same conditions as above, a 20 ft. clearance (175 ft. span) is required plus the 3.4 ft. increase. Total clearance 20 + 3.4 = 23.4 ft. Computer print-out A-3 indicates a maximum sag of 10.61 ft. under heavy loading conditions. All road crossings must use structures designed for 0-30° angles for maximum clearance (see diagram A-4). A. Power line runs along cat-track: Line height (minimum at 30-90°, storm guyed) 33.0° Maximum sag =1036 22.4! Clearance required -21.4' (This allows for 1 foot sinkage in mud) 1.0! B. Road Crossings: Line height (Maximum at 0-30°) 34.3' Maximum sag 10-6! 28.00 Clearance required -23.4' (This only allows .3 ft. for sinkage in mud) ao. A-11 ee. oe SAS TENSION DATA 3 70 AWS 6/1 ACSR "RAVEN 50% MAX TENSTON HEAVY LoadINs STONS AN- NO F-EXCEED--FHE FOIE OY TES NEM EFS “8 oon sre ere ee ee ; MAXIMUM. UNDER SPECTF IED LOADING 2190. 0 LBS AT OF sep meme m= INT TIAL BESORE MAAK TMU LOADING— — - --1460.0-1.B5-A4T- -—0- -— : FINAL? AFTER “44x TMU LOADING 1095-9 L8S AT OF sepe ee owns a+. - FINAL. AFTER. 10 -¥R- CREER. ..—- —-- —- ._.-.1995-0--L8S-AT—--0_F__ : 2° : * RESULTANT TNCLUDES CONST OF 0-31 INTTIAL FINAI_ FINAL. @ >-REFORE-MAX-LO4D—— tea oe ae 40-8 ee ICE : WIND TEMP a wgela ~tNe es SAE Se cist, SAG-FE—TEN-EB- —#09—-0~50—* in Se Ga. ——2190-—cneee-No-FACTOR— me 0-0 ° 2 32-8684 1606 9-64 1464 - -2.85--—- 10 18-- p28 —688 it 3e32 7. 876-5004 8 «S77 ret? ———-697-—— 620 270 2a RNS - 5018 562° 7-31 398 a 90, aeOeco hore 0-360 £120 7226 401 8-60 - 359-24. * - 150 --——-—-— —--—---- —- 9-1 0- -——---321- eUBOR oes ra 9-58 305° a x _saF, ? . ‘ ate. — ~~ ——— ons imagen sammie a ee a a te wate crea Seip cone Rees (Se em mee UM Sgt Ses Seer ae eta gee) eee ig erento . = i FIGURE: A-4 WIRE! 0-30" I3ft A-12 - CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE First Week One company man and a private contractor locate poles. Two company men rig poles and place guy anchors with Ditch Witch; poles are in exact position to be raised. Second - Fifth Week Poles raised in % mile segments. Storm guys attached every % mile. Tem- porarily braced in between. Line is lifted to pole tops and set on tempor- ° ary pulleys. After % mile, line is pulled up, sags evened and checked, then tied in. Labor Requirements (see Diagram A-5) Three company men Three native laborers A-13 CONSTRUCTION METHOD FIGURE:AS” WIRE cee ee PS - CM - FOREMAN yj, ANCHOR HOLE “i Seen DITCH WITCH cM _CM- COMPANY MAN (3) N - NATIVE (3) CONSTRUCTION METHOD Specifications Storm guy every % mile, or every 7 structures (.53 miles). 400' spans, 1/0 ACSR, 146 Ibs./1,000 ft., use 3,000 ft. reels max. Step Step Step Step Step Step Step Step 8: Step Step 10: Step 11: its Entire course is surveyed. A-frame structure sites are located taking into account land elevations, creek and road crossings, ease of access, amount of right-of-way clearance required, and preference for straight line runs (fewer guy wires). Poles are transported to site, A-frame assembled and placed in exact position to be raised. Poles are raised and plumbed, storm guyed every 7 spans, temporily braced with steel pike poles (two per A-frame) for intermediate structures. Wire is unrolled from moving reel on Bombardier. Wire is lifted to snatch blocks on A-frames. Wire is pulled to tension, temporary deadend placed. Wire sag is evened out between spans. Wire is lifted to insulators. Temperature is measured and sag is checked, using the center span between storm guys. Armor rod is applied, conductor is tied in. Temporary braces are removed. A-15 A 1/10th March 23, MODEL TEST OF SWGR POWERLINE scale model of the A-frame structure was tested Sunday, 1980. The model simulated a .53 mile section, using 7 spans of 40 ft. and 5 A-frame structures. Study A Purpose: Method: Results: Study Construction Sequences. The method followed steps outlined in Construction Sequences. le It is not practical to use a stretched conductor to line up powerline structures as the cable snags on obstacles and interferes with raising A-frames. Conductor should be sub- ject to as little handling and abrasion as possible. Surveying is necessary to determine structure locations and to determine number of road, river, and ravine crossings, the angles the line deviates at, and for a total number of structures and wire required. Temporary guying a A-frames must be safe enough for per- sonnel to work around structure, and while tying in line. A man-lift or cherry picker is necessary to tie in the line, as it will not be safe to climb the A-frame until it is tied in. A model gin pole was used to raise an A-frame. The gin pole consisted of an A-frame structure (35 feet high in reality). A force calculation indicates a minimum force of 565 pounds. See Figure A-6. This is possible with block and tackle and human muscle; however, lack of convenient anchor sites make this imprac- A-16 “GIN POLE DESIGN TESTED — FIGURE‘AG GIN POLE . 35° FORCE : S65 Ibs L_~ A -Frame ROPE GOES TO BLOCK AND TACKLE OR WINCH. LINE TENSION : .7.90 Ibs A-17 INITIAL VERTICAL . Study B Purpose: Method: Study C Purpose: Method: Result: tical. Snow machines are not heavy enough to winch from. A Bombarier with a winch and gin pole attachment would be faster and safer. 5. Movement of Poles: Spotting poles at the erection site, pre-erection positioning, and raising the poles calls for heavy equipment. A Bombarier Carrier with winch and gin pole rig would be suitable. To familiarize personnel with line raising techniques Line was reeled out, placed on sheeve blocks, pulled up, sags evened, line placed on insulators, sag checked, line tied in, temporary braces removed. Study stability of the static structure. The real structure weights 1,130 Ibs., using 35 foot, Class 7 poles. Actual line tension is 2,140 Ibs. As models are scaled down, the volume and weight vary as a cube, while linear dimensions vary linearly. To make out model accurate, we kept the ratio of line tension/structure weight constant. Real tension _ 2,140 _ Real weight ~ 1,130~ 1-89 Model was constructed of 2 x 4, one A-frame weighed 8 Ibs. Calculated line tension is 15.2 Ibs. A-frame structures were held vertical and rigid. A-18 Study D Purpose: Method: Results: Study behavior of line under stress. First, Manual oscillations were begun on the line and observed. Next, a structure was kicked out, simulating structure failure. Finally, the line was cut. In a standard powerline, aeolian vibrations are limited to the conductor, as the buried pole damps itself. With the A-frame, the structure oscillates with the line. Armor rod should damp line oscillations, but it may be necessary to add Stockbridge Dampers. A pole damper has been designed, see Diagram A-7. First year observations will determine if dampers are required. Failure of A-frame causes the A-frame to be supported by the line. Vertical pull on the line is equivalent to the force required to raise the structure, 565 Ibs. The line tension is increased to 3,280 Ibs. which is less than the 1/0 ACSR breaking strength of 4,280 Ibs. A-frame failure is unlikely. Cutting the line caused a collapse of the A-frame between storm guyed points. If the poles sink in the mud, this may cause the poles to be broken at the base. A-19 POLE DAMPER Po ORE irae aa « MOTION DAMPED oe FRICTION Note: The tension in storm guys causes a vertical force down on the Aframe. The poles will sink in the active layer and the tension will be relaxed. They will still have the strength to prevent further line pull down. A-21 CONSTRUCTION COSTS This estimate includes passing through Dahl Creek and assumes flying 336 Class 6 poles in from Fairbanks. The actual cost will be less if the shorter more direct line route is used, and if local trees are cut for poles. Labor Cost - 10 Hour Man-Days Supervision Local Travel ex 4 =2 zxzZ 4x2 1x3 7x3 Work Work tl a " oo " nN = 26 x 3 = 78 26 x 3 = 78 7x 3 6 x 3 3 x 3 = 21 = 18 =9 6 164 78 Pay Rate: (shown as #days x #men) Work Description 2 men fly up Measure resistivities in Shungnak, Dahl Creek and Kobuk Survey and clear for Bombardier to pass. Note route length, obstacles, buried sections. A-frame locations and guy locations must be clearly and permanently marked. Hire labor. Arrange for clearing strip and cat track. route enough Equipment arrives-unload and sort Poles spotted with outside contrac- tor and one company man. Third company man arrives, and _ two company men rig poles and place in exact positions for raising. Raise line % mile/day; 13 miles Buried portion & 2 road crossings Line man sets up Shungnak connec- tion and Dahl Creek substation. Other two men place 3 electrodes. Close job. TOTALS Company Men 450/10 hour man-day Native Labor 300/10 hour man-day Travel Time: Company Men Cost: Native Labor Cost: 6 man-days x 8 hours x $45/hr. $ 2,160.00 164 man-days x $450/man-day = 73,800.00 78 man-days x $300/man-day A-22 = 23,400.00 TOTAL = $ 99,360.00 Cost of Heavy Equipment Assume a Muskeg Carrier Bombardier and Ditch-Witch arrive on first Hercules load. 2 days travel to arrive at Dahl Creek 7 days pole spotting 26 days aerial construction 7 days burial 6 days electric hook-up transportation 3. days job shut-down _2 days travel TOTAL 53 days Per day cost of Bombardier: $450.00 Per day cost of Ditch-Witch: 300.00 Per day cost of 3 Snow-gos 180.00 TOTAL $930.00/day x_53 days TOTAL $49,290.00 Note: Bombardier is equipped with winch, gin pole, manlift, and 7,000 Ibs. capability trailer. Equipment List Job Performed Equipment Number Cost Trenching Ditch-Witch 1 See Heavy Equipment Personnel Transportation Snow-go 3 ™ ™ Pole spotting, winching A-frame erection Bombardier 1 " W " Clear R.O.W. Chain Saws 2 Brush Cutters 2 500.00 Line Work Small Tools, Special Tools 2,000.00 Haul Equipment Basket Sled i 500.00 Drive Ground Rods Rod Driver 1 3,000.00 Wire Reel Holder 1 500.00 Temporary Pole Brace 2" Tubular Steel, 25' long IZ 600.00 TOTAL = $7,100.00 A-23 Hardware Aerial Line Length: 12.4 mi + 15% = 14.3 mi 1/0 ACSR, $137/mi = $10,344.00 Direct Burial: 1 mi unishield #2 direct burial, $1,370/mi 7239-00 Neutral: Shungnak to Electrode 3,600' Dahl Creek Electrode to residence 1,200' 4,800' + 15% __720' 5,520' @ $500/mi 2,760.00 A-24 HARDWARE LIST Number of Structures Shungnak | _30 1| 1 6 an In Between Estimate | 72| 5 [2 2 13 |? | Additional side guys Kobuk | 26| 1] 2 L cia) Pee Number of Types, Total | 128] 7]| 5 | 2 25 [a Type of Structure j0-5° 5°. 30°- | 60° Dea st Type of Hardware 30° [60° gl a Guy Total Insulator, suspension . 2 4 2 4 10+8+100 = 118 Insulator, pin 1 2 1 128+144+25 = 167 Pin, pole top 1 2 1 1284+14+25 = 167 Armor rod 1 1 1 128+7+5 = 140 Tie (over armor) 1 2 128+14 = 142 Machine bolt 5/8"x10" 6 7 4 3 3 6 768+49+20+6+ 150 = 993 Eyebolt 5/8"x8" 1 Square washer, 2-14", 3/16" 4 4 4 2 4 3 5124+28+20+4+ hole 75 = 639 Locknut 6 7 6 5 4 6 768+49+30+10+ , 150 = 1007 Bolt, double arming eye 1 2 2}. 5+4+50 = 59 Pipe spacer 2 / 14 Clevis and pin 1 1 2 5+50 = 55 Angle assembly (over armor) 1 5 Deadend assembly 2 1 2 4+50 = 54 Eye nut (straight) 1 25 Thimble eye (45°, for guy wire, requires locknut) 1 1 2 1 1 7+5+44+25 = 41 Guywire (wire, clamps, rod, anchor) 1 1 2 1 2 7+5+4+50 = 66 Tie (no armor) 1 25 Pole band with guy clip Guy hook ] 2 7+50 = 57 Flat brace 2 14 Angle iron brace 2 2 2 2 2 256+10+4+50 = 320 * Use 1 Class 5 pole A-25 oe Ye -V\ Tee co aes Se Poe WORK | iwe anlar E xfoneio—w. ESTIMATED BY PRICED BY EXTENDED BY - CHECKED BY DATE ise MATERIAL QUANTITY MATERIAL PRICE [PER MATERIAL EXTENSION LABOR UNIT rex | ABOR EXTENSION bi hil a Aiba Sage U% je aon tues Pow (G7 -TBek Pin, [ole (ep (6? Ht ie & oS Rod 1tO e 218 Te C vver Baad lf? oe & ee Oe ae a MW ¢ rth Seuase Lasher 637 ct : Ae oclé act [00 Z nH q ni 2 able Avinns Eye Sis. re j Z peat “J I ae cS le Us Sor Ui Ww : SS OS ae lea aeamtty lve iticat om ca de. Eoasnt S& C ! (ou ‘ ‘ e ; y +¢/ <I CH Guy Wire CG Ed | d/h ( ~NV, 4 ee a i eee se ot tt el ye EEL EE ei SP yer ee be | es | | | a | a | | ma] et ie | a a Vj | | tt te RB EIN IS [p |e | es | Ya] | | Saye ea eye eve CO a a a SS oo] ee ee Eee [ST] het Ler |e v LABOR , eis Sheet Transferred To Recap Rv -INITIA! > ee MATERIAL > G A~94 WISN j ? Hardware List (continued) 2) Guy Wire Angle Number in line Number of guys Extension o-5 128 -0- -0- 5 - 30 7 1 T 30 - 60 2 1 2 60 - 9 2 2 \ Storm guy 25 2 50 TOTAL 66 4 side guys for S.G. 4 72 Add 10 more for flexibility 10 TOTAL 82 4) Conductor A) Aerial 12.4 miles + 15% = 14.3 miles 1/0 ACSR, $137.00/M . $10, 344.00 B) Buried 1 mile #2 unishield $1, 370.00/M = T, 233.00 C) Neutral Shungnak to Electrode - 3,600' Dahl Creek Electrode to residence - 1,200" Total 4,800" + 15% _ Teo" 5,520! At $500.00/M = 2,760.00 TOTAL $20, 337.00 A-27 ; l= -o| JO 3) WORK Guu Cc (Le ) ESTIMATED BY PRICED BY EXTENDED BY - CHECKED BY DATE . IC , QUANTITY MATERIAL PRICE [PER] MATERIAL EXTENSION | LABOR UNIT ex LABOR EXTENSION aye 214 Jf, | / MATERIAL | - Wire. Getorexed Aute [adend Strain Lusalstor ee FE «A z z vw > a a ei 3 3 2 2 3 a es ° » a a . > 3 < Z 3 2 » § to Nom o 8 > 2 . > ao 3 7 Hardware List (continued) 5) Poles 167 spans x 2 poles/span = 336 poles (9 extra spans allowed in estimated section) $75.00/pole F.O.B. Seattle 336 x $75.00 Electrodes: Thirty 20' sectional ground rods, clamps, wire Two Tranformers/power meter/circuit breaker Wire brace for bottom of A-frames 167 required 25 foot, 2”guy wire $ 7.25 Two dead-end ties 3.00 Two guy band& leg screws 2.00 $12.25 167 (required) x $12.25 Hardware Total 1) Line 2) Wire 3) Poles 4) Electrodes 5) Power 6) Wire Braces 7) Guy Wire 8) Road Crossing Material TOTAL A-29 $25, 200.00 -$ 600.00 2,000.00 $ 2,046.00 $ 7,827.00 20, 337-00 25,200.00 600 .00 2,000.00 2,046.00 2, 985.00 165.00 $61, 160.00 ADDITIONAL EXPENSES 1) Miscellaneous $ 4,000.00 2) Dahl Creek Strip Check 600.00 3) Freight (7 Hercules loads in at $8,560.00 per load, 6 in and 1 out) 59,920.00 4) Airfare, 5 round trips 1,500.00 5) Room & Board ($60.00/day, 164 man-days) 9,840.00 6) Fuel ($50.00/day, gas and diesel, 49 days) 2,450.00 7) Subcontract Pole Spotting 2,700.00 8) Cost of Clearing Cat Track and Dahl Strip 600.00 9) Checking Potes in Fairbanks ($100.00/airfare, $100.00/man) 200.00 10) Freight, Seattle to Fairbanks 10,000.00 TOTAL $91,810.00 TOTAL COST OF SWGR LINE Labor $ 99,360.00 Heavy Equipment 49,290.00 Equipment List 7,100.00 Hardware 61,160.00 Additional Expenses 91,810.00 TOTAL $308,720.00 Contingencies, 10% 30,872.00 TOTAL $339 ,592.00 Assumes: 1) Good weather 2) No materials delay 3) No early break-up A-30 SEASONAL CONSIDERATIONS Winter Driving heavy equipment on tundra, skidding power poles, and cutting guy wire tees is practical only in winter. All transportation is easier in winter because snow cover allows Snow-go use where no roads exist. Summer Surveying, route clearing, ground rod driving, tree cutting, and floating logs down river is easier in summer. Transportation is by river or air- plane. Natives may prefer to fish at certain times during summer, how- ever, causing a labor shortage. Generally, as much planning, manual work, and preparation will be done in summer as personnel are unhampered by bulky clothes, cold fingers, and tempermental machines. CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE Spring and Summer, 1980 Electrode placement and testing Survey powerline route Cut and prepare trees for power line bh Wh =| Kobuk distribution system Note: Due to security problems, poles must be guarded until winter use. Other material will not be flown in until needed, unless suitable storage can be found. Winter, 1980 Construction will be during November-December or February-March. A-31 1. String power line 2. System start up Note: Breakup in this area occurs around May 1 to May 15. Lack of suitable snow cover for tundra travel can occur about four weeks before breakup. LABOR Labor is available in Shungnak and Kobuk. Most of the labor for cutting trees will come from Kobuk. Local construction on NANA housing and a school is finished. The mood at a public meeting in Shungnak is that labor is available and willing to work at $10.00 per hour. POLE SELECTION Poles will be native Alaskan yellow spruce, thirty-five feet in length and equivalent to a Class 7 pole (i.e., pole must be able to withstand a twelve hundred pound sideways force applied two feet from the top of the pole). In reality, we will select poles with a minimum circumference of fifteen inches at the top and, six feet from the butt, a minimum circumference measurement of twenty-five inches. Trees will be free of cracks, bows and damage by insects, fire and impact. Trees will be debarked, de- branched and treated with a creosote solution at the base and two feet up the pole. The present plan is to locate natives interested in lumbering, issue con- tracts for quality, quantity, compensation and place of delivery. The Department of Transportation, Nome Division, built a bridge near Kobuk, using local trees. About 115 trees were cut along the Kobuk and Kogoluktuk Rivers and floated down stream. The entire operation took two weeks. Local labor was paid hourly. The trees were about 24 feet long A-32 with a final cost of $3.25 per foot. A thirty-five foot pole should cost about $114.00, cut, peeled, and delivered. A method of pole preservation developed by the U.S. Forest Service spec- ifically for Alaskan spruce was_ considered. The process is called a "double diffusion process". It requires a week of processing and vats large enough to hold the poles and liquid. Because of the time factor and equipment required we chose to paint a creosote-type preservative on the butt end. CONVENTIONAL SINGLE POLE POWERLINE COST COMPARISON A cost estimate, based on REA specifications for 7,200 to 15,000 kV lines, was done for comparative purposes. A conventional pole line would use half as many poles as the A-frame system. If local Sitka Spruce were used, this would save 133 trees, and at $100.00 each, $13,300.00. There is considerable marsh area in the line route. Each pole would require a guy on each side. At $45.00 per guy wire (calculated in A-frame estimate) this side guying would cost $90.00. This is almost as expensive as adding another pole and having an A-frame structure. The number of poles requiring side guying would be determined in the survey of the. line route, and each pole requiring guying would detract from the $13,300.00 savings in the single pole design. A hole would have to be drilled for each pole, but each of the instruction methods calls for one piece of heavy digging equipment to be present full time. So there would be no additional cost for drilling holes. Erection time would be about the same for both A-frame, figuring four pole structures per day. Manpower would remain the same as for an A-frame structure. A-33 Buried poles are subject to frost jacking in winter. Wrapping the base of the pole with visquine has been successful in some areas by preventing the soil from gripping the pole. The conventional pole design calis for considerably more ground disturbance than the A-frame design. Each conventional pole requires a six foot hole and in wet areas, two side guys. The A-frame design requires two storm guy anchors every one-half mile. Both designs require the same side guys for angle turns. A-34 APPENDIX B RESISTANCE & RESISTIVITY TESTS SHUNGNAK ELECTRODE TEST The initial plan was to drive 8' x 5/8" copper-clad ground rods from which to measure the electrode resistance. This plan proved impossible on the bluff over the river (see Diagram B-1) due to cement-like qualities of the silt and moisture-laden earth. Two tests were made in Shungnak; one using existing ground rods under the AVEC powerhouse and another in the riverbank. Tests were made between January 23 and January 27, 1980, using a Megger, James Biddle Co., Model 63220. Diagram B-1 AVEC powerhouse Shungnak Profile 70' Test Site B a River Test Site A Floodplain Test A/Shungnak This test used three of the four existing electrodes under the AVEC powerhouse, which were 8' x 5/8" ground rods, and the pipe casing of the village water system (see Diagram B-2). The "direct method" was used. This method measures the two electrodes in series. The test wire was attached to the aluminum casing (Diagram B-3) on the outside of the water pipe. Three assumptions are made: Diagram B-2 Test Site A Shungnak 4 AVEC Powerhouse Do ° ; oO el Co, 120" ? Bo Alo / Village Water System 8 x 5/8" ground rods <— Fuel Storage Tanks ‘ ~\ OOO OOO B-2 Diagram B-3 Pipe Cross Section Pvc ——() < ‘Urethane The course each pipe took upon Aluminum casing @) (2) (3) the water pipe system must be extensive: the water pipe must be metallic; and the earth’ electrode under test must be far enough away from the water pipe system ‘to be outside its sphere of influence. leaving the power house is unknown. Every joint was clamped and sealed with a short piece of pipe. The pipes were buried twelve feet deep. Electrode Resistance Test Results Powerhouse Electrode Water Plant Electrode 2 Test 1A | >10,000 Test 2A E 250 Test 3 A B in parallel E 250 Test 4 A B C in parallel E 250 Test 5 ABC F 500 Test6 ABC G >10,000 Test 7A BC H >10,000 Note: 10,000 2 is the maximum scale on the Megger used. The high resistances are due to the frozen ground. The low reading of 250 ohms is probably due to the water pipe traveling close to the ground grid. Using three AVEC ground rods in parellel (Test 4) did not lower the resistance. Bes Test B/Shungnak Ground rods were sunk eight feet into the soil slightly above the ice level of the river (see Diagram B-1). The "fall of potential" method was used, with three electrodes spaced on a one hundred foot line. The resistance of a single ground rod was R = 446 ohms. (Note: Tests using structures between individual service entrance ground rods were found to be of no use due to interconnection by the neutral wire.) Discussion The two tests indicate that the soil in Shungnak is too frozen for use as a current carrier. Other evidence: 1. An aerial photograph of Shungnak and the surrounding land showed numerous "ice wedge polygons', formations common to permafrost areas. 2s Natives who helped install the water line service indicated that perma- frost was close to the surface. Dynamite was used to loosen perma- frost during construction. 3. Three test wells were drilled by the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS); all were dry. The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) drilled four test holes, all dry, in the frozen sand and gravel. One well log from the BIA indicated frozen ground to 246 feet. Two of the dry BIA wells were located below the bluff near the river, an area usually thawed by running water. Discussions with Mr. Grover Cleveland, the AVEC powerhouse maintenance man, indicated the wells were capped, but the depth of the casing is unknown. Telephone calls to the BIA and PHS offices in Anchorage revealed no further information; the well logs are either non-existent or lost. Conclusion: _Shungnak Establishing a good electrode within one thousand feet of the AVEC power- house is unlikely without boring through two hundred fifty plus feet of permafrost and placing a sectional ground rod. A small lake in Shungank was considered for an electrode site, but it freezes to the bottom in win- ter. Examination of an aerial photograph obtained from BLM would suggest thawed ground around two thousand feet upstream from Shungnak. The photograph shows ground vegetation, signs of an old river bed and the entrance of a feeder stream. These signs suggest that the Kobuk River once flowed over this area and thawed the ground. B-5 KOBUK ELECTRODE TESTS Kobuk has an unfrozen layer of ground beneath the active layer. Three local wells are placed twenty-five or thirty-five feet deep. The water is high in mineral content, as noted by its taste and color. Tests were conducted along a line between the school well and a cased PHS test well (see Diagram B-4) using the "fall of potential" test. Test A/Kobuk Using the school well as the test electrode, R < .01 ohms. Diagram B-4 Kobuk Electrode Tests wT Powerhouse "90" 5/8" x 8' ground rods driven 3' Kobuk Elementary School Well . School Test B/Kobuk A 10' x 5/8" copper-clad ground rod driven to a three foot depth was the electrode. At this depth is an extremely hard layer of earth - R > 10,000 ohms. Test C/Kobuk The PHS cased well was the test electrode; R < .01 ohm. Conclusion: _Kobuk The frozen active layer in Kobuk is a poor conductor; however, a sectional ground rod driven to the subsurface water level (25'-35') would make an excellent earth electrode. Kobuk is periodically flooded when ice jams block the river downstream. The electrode should be located in an area out of the flood zone for safety reasons. This location would be along the cat track leading into the village, set back about five hundred feet from the river (see Diagram B-5). (7 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS Establishing an electrode in Kobuk and Shungnak is possible using sec- tional round rods at a depth of twenty-five feet. Dahl Creek, located along a well-vegetated creek, must also be tested on an electrode site. The possibility of locating an electrode in the river has been considered. The actual river water does not contain enough dissolved salts to serve as a good conductor. An electrode embedded in the thawed silt would have to stand break-up ice and floods. It would have to be installed in spring and the effectiveness of the electrode would depend on the compositon of the! silt. An electrode on high ground is more desirable, as the environment is more stable. B-9 TEST RESULTS OF RETURN TRIP TO SHUNGNAK A second trip to Shungnak was made on April 3, 1980, to test the up- stream site. Test 1 The bluff was tested about 20 ft. from the slew area. Probe spacing = A = 25 ft. Result: R = 75Q p = 191.5 AR = 359,000 Q-cm Resistance iT} Resistivity Test 2 A wide spot in the slew was tested. A = 30 ft. R=4Q p = 22, 980 Q-cm Test 3 Close to Test 2 site. A = 30 R=39 p = 17,200 Q-cm Discussion: The resistivity p as measured is the average value to a depth in feet equal to probe spacing A. A trip to Kobuk was made to obtain a reference read- ing, as Kobuk has proven ground water high in mineral content. B-10 Test 4 Kobuk, near the PHS well head. A = 30 ft. R= 500 p = 287,000 Q-cm This indicates that inspite of high resistivity readings, due to frozen and/or dry surface layers, good ground is available 20 to 30 feet below. A value of 1000 Q-cm is considered good. It is difficult to determine the actual resistivity value of soil beneath the surface. Testing the resistance of a sectional ground rod as it is driven will give a better picture of the soil types passed through. B-11 APPENDIX C TRANSMISSION LINE RIGHT-OF-WAY PROCEDURE The right-of-way for the proposed transmission line from Shungnak to Kobuk was selected to minimize adverse impacts on the environment, allow for access to the power by a maximum number of local residents and minimize construction costs. Using input from public hearings, local residents, government officials , such publications as "Environmental Criteria for Electric Transmission Systems," extensive aerial reconnaissance ‘and on-the-ground field review, the project team selected a right-of-way that takes an indirect route from Shungnak to Kobuk via the Dahl Creek airstrip. The right-of-way selected was compared to several other alternatives and the advantages of this selection are very clear-cut: - The terrain being transversed has little vegetation compared to other alternatives, especially the more direct route along the Kobuk River. This will minimize disturbance to existing vegetation and minimize construction costs, as very few trees will have to be cut. - Routing the line via Dahl Creek airstrip will enable the electric cooperative to pick up additional customers, hopefully defraying the unit cost of the power for all the customers on the new system. - Construction and maintenance of the line will be simplified, as the right-of-way follows an existing cat track/road system along its entire route. C-3 - Aesthetic impacts to the area will be minimized as the line will not be visible from the Kobuk River, a recreation river and main thoroughfare for local communities along the river. LAND OWNERSHIP The land involved in this proposal is presently under the management jurisdiction of the Bureau of Land Management. All of the land has been selected by the two village corporations, Kodvukment Inc. and Isingnakment Inc. These two corporations have since merged with the regional corporation, NANA, who will receive working title to these lands as early as August 7, 1980. The project has received ap- proval from NANA as well as their nonprofit arm, the Mauneluk Corp. In addition to the coroporation lands, the right-of-way will cross indi- vidual native allotments. These individuals have been contacted, as well as the Bureau of Indian Affairs, with a letter describing the pro- ject and requesting permission to allow the right-of-way on their lands. To date, no objections have been received. C-4 APPLICABLE LAWS AND REGULATIONS Although the natives will be receiving title to this land in the near future, the BLM is presently the "land owner." After several meetings with various offices of the BLM, it was determined that a formal right- of-way grant requiring a survey and a year to process would not be necessary. Instead, a letter of nonobjection could be issued providing the following were presented to the BLM Fairbanks office. - a map depicting the proposed right-of-way - a written presentation of the proposal, preferrably accompanied by an environmental assessment of the project (see Appendix D) - letters of nonobjection from the native regional corporation and individual native allotment holders (see Appendix G) - letter of nonobjection from the State Historic Preservation Officer (see Appendix G) > As the proposed right-of-way will cross two existing leases issued to Wein Air and the Division of Aviation for airports at Kobuk and Dahl Creek, the lease holders were contacted and notified of the proposal. The FAA was also notified and the project has received necessary per- mits from them as it does not pose any danger to these facilities. NATIVE ALLOTMENT HOLDERS Name-Address 1. Mr. Leonard Douglas Shungnak, AK 99773 Ms. Lena Coffee Shungnak, AK 99773 Mr. Edward Commack Shungnak, AK 99773 Ms. May Brown Kobuk, AK 99751 Ms. Sarahwood Weisner Kobuk, AK 99751 Ms. Pearl E. Wood Kobuk, AK 99751 Mrs. Merna Cleveland Kobuk, AK 99751 R-O-W Request Allotment # 15882 15871 15873 15625 A&C 19180B 15708C 15849B Legal Description T18N R8E KRM Section 34 T18N R8E KRM Section 34 T18N R8E RRM Section 26 T18N R9E KRM Sections 21, 27, 28 T18N R9E KRM Section 28 T18N R9E KRM Sections 33 & 34 T18N R9E KRM Sections 33 & 34 Ato 7 Pe en Cres Figure C-1 | NATIVE ALLOTMENT MAP ak . 4 “ * ' aA Y, cal Vee Tene s o ao 3 6 me o cS a oF Z > C-2, Transmission + - Figtre APPENDIX D ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ACTION The Alaska Division of Energy and Power Development has proposed to build a single wire ground return transmission line to con- nect the city of Kobuk with the electrical system operating at Shungnak. This line would bring electrical power to residents of the village of Kobuk, the city office, community buildings, clinic, repair shop and church. The scope of the work includes stockpiling of spruce trees to be used as line supports, laying out the line and construction of the transmission system. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTS AFFECTED Kobuk and Shungnak are small native villages located on the right bank of the Kobuk River in the upper reaches of the Kobuk-Selawik lowlands. Access to these villages is by air or boat from Kotzebue, ap- proximately 150 miles to the west. The Kobuk River is considered navi- gable in this area. The continental arctic climate of this region is characterized by low mean annual temperatures and precipitation and large seasonal tempera- ture variations. Continuous permafrost extends to depths greater than D-3 300 feet in some areas. The thaw bulb underlying the Kobuk River is narrow. Whether this thaw bulb penetrates the permafrost or not is unknown. The proposed routes for the transmission line would cross approximately nine miles of frozen tundra from Shungnak northeast to Dahl Creek, at which point it would follow the existing road to Kobuk. One suggested route (route B on the map) follows relatively high ground, crossing Camp Creek and connecting with an existing cat track three miles west of Dahl Creek. This route is farthest north and crosses relatively well-drained soil and passes over roughly fifty feet of topographic relief. The preferrable route follows an existing snowmobile path, and crosses lower terrain. This route was crossed by snowmobile by the project team. It is characterized in part by numerous small ponds and typical wet tundra vegetation. This path would cross Wesley Creek south of Camp Creek and connect with the existing road where it forks just west of Dahl Creek. This route was fairly level and would involve a minimal clearance of vegetation. Some forest vegetation exists along the Wesley Creek crossing which would need to be topped or cleared for a wider right-of-way. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS Natural Systems Land. A narrow lineal corridor approximately twenty feet wide must be cleared for the transmission line right-of-way. All trees and shrubbery must be removed, although ground cover remains intact. In addition to this cleared width, additional "danger trees" must be re- moved or topped. These are trees which would be within range should a pole fall. Maximum usage of existing trails and roads will minimize the need for clearance. By utilizing existing cat tracks and snowmobile trails and performing the construction during the winter months, there would be little to no impact upon the tundra. Some settling may occur in the spring due to thaw and break-up of the top few feet of soil; however, the proposed A-frame construction of the cable supports will remain stable regardless of the ground conditions, as it will "float" atop the ground. Most vegetation are tundra plants used for forage and brouse for caribou and other wildlife. The dominant type are sedges, lichens, mosses, shrubs, grasses, and, at higher evlevations, low growing al- pine plants. Forests are slow growing and scattered. The dominant trees are white spruce, paper birch, and cottonwood. A few are used locally for firewood and house logs. Water. Surface water quality in this vicinity is excellent. The Kobuk River has a silty bottom and, therefore, it does silt up during heavy rains and spring runoff. The Kobuk River is the drinking water source for both Kobuk and Shungnak. The Kobuk school utilized a 34 foot well. The transmission line will have no impact on the Kobuk River. Depending upon the chosen route, the line may cross either Wesley Creek or Camp Creek and other small unnamed stream channels. There will be no siltation or erosion problems, since the streams will all be frozen during wintertime construction and no digging is anticipated. There will be no adverse impacts upon stream or groundwater quality. Heavy equipment will not be utilized in crossing streams therefore no erosion or siltation will occur. Air. There will be no adverse impacts upon air quality and no effect upon the weather. Current air quality in this area is excellent. The transmission line itself will stand 35 feet high. The poles will be spaced 350 to 400 feet apart and will have little impact upon the air space. The lowest point in the line will occur where it sags between two supports, approximately 22 feet above ground. The height will meet the National Electric Safety Code. The line will cross the road at least once and possibly twice as it proceeds from Dahl Creek to Kobuk. This may pose a barrier to mining equipment travelling the road to mines north of Dahl Creek. An alter- nate possibility is to bury the line beneath any road crossing. D-6 Animal Populations. Reindeer and caribou herds_ migrate throughout the arctic. The western arctic caribou herd is composed of 65,000 animals. The proposed transmission line should pose no barrier to the animals' natural migratory habits, as it will be high enough that the animals can pass beneath. The line will be stable enough to with- stand moose populations rubbing velvet on the poles. The poles should settle and become set after one year. Fish and small wildlife will not be adversely affected. No endangered species are present in the area proposed for the transmission line. Social and Economic Systems Economy. The construction and maintenance of the transmission line and electrical system will provide some temporary and at least one permanent job. During the construction phase, local labor will be hired to stockpile trees, clear the right-of-way and construct the supports. A permanent position will be available upon completion of the line to read meters and submit the monthly billing charges. The present population of Kobuk is fifty-four persons. The line will be capable of supplying the entire village with power and, should the need arise, to increase the capacity as the village grows. It is estimated that it will meet the village needs for the next fifteen years. The cost to the individual has yet to be determined. By routing the line through Dahl Creek, it is anticipated that temporary residents at the location will utilize the existing power and therefore cut costs for D-7 Kobuk residents. Several mining companies are exploring in the area during summer months. The Bureau of Land Management and a private flight operation also have personnel living and working at Dahl Creek seasonally. Although Kobuk and Shungnak are native bush villages largely dependent on subsistence livelihood, the potential for development of a cash economic base is great. The area is mineral rich, with mineral re- serves being presently explored. There are several large copper de- posits being explored and asbestos with associated jade and placer gold deposits are also mined in the area. Because of the villages' location on a navigable river, they could become supply points and communica- tion centers for mining activities to the north. A road has already been proposed from Dahl Creek to Shungnak to facilitate mining activities. Subsistence. The residents of both Kobuk and Shungnak depend largely on a subsistence livelihood. Fish camps are set up during the summer months along the Kobuk River and caribou hunting is taken up in late fall. Sheefish, whitefish and salmon are taken from the Kobuk River with nets. Caribou, moose, fox, mink and some lynx are hunted and trapped throughout the area. The transmission line will have no impact upon these activities, since its location will not follow the Kobuk River, nor is it close to the Schwatka mountains, where the caribou hunting occurs. Small game populations would not be affected by this project. One resident did express concern over any new roads which may be installed in the area because, in the past, visitors and campers upon these roads have adversely affected their fish camp by disruption and litter. No new roads are proposed as a direct result of this project so this will not be considered an impact upon subsistence. The native people of both villages use snowmachines as a main mode of travel during the winter. The average annual snowfall is sixty inches, with an average snow cover of one foot throughout the season. Although the snow depth is not excessive, the guy wires used in sup- porting the A-frame structure of the line should be clearly marked so as to be visible to any persons traveling along the paralleling snow- mobile or cat track route. Archaeology and Recreation. There are no archaeologically signifi- cant sites which present a conflict with the proposed transmission line routing. Two archaeologic sites exist along the left bank of the Kobuk River across from Shungnak, and Kobuk itself is noted as an historical- ly significant village and listed on the Alaskan Heritage Resources Survey. It is not listed, nor near a site listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Kobuk's history as an Alaskan Native village has established it's present status on the Resouces Survey. It is not con- sidered a potential archaeologic site. The transmission line will be built with a minimum of ground disturbance and no conflict has been determined by the State Historic Preservation Office with the proposed methods of construction. The action will not damage, alter, relocate, or change any of the existing historic buildings at the site. APPENDIX E DESIGN CRITERIA (1) (2) (3) (4) Forest type. Bottomland spruce and poplar forests grow along the Kobuk niver floodplain. A climax forest covers the slip off slope at Shungnak and wet tundra extends north of the village. North of Kobuk is an upland spruce, hardwood forest on the upper bluffs. White spruce, paper birch, and cottonwood are the dominate forest types on the well-drained soils of the natural levees. Potential Cultivatable Land. The soils throughout the area are mostly poorly drained with a peaty surface layer. Essentially no Class I through III soils are found here. These are soils which are considered cultivatable. Shallow permafrost and _ general climatic conditions do not yield to farming although individual gardens have succeeded in the villages when soil is properly mulched and cared for. In general, the land is best utilized for caribou and moose grazing. Mean annual precipitation. a. Kobuk - 17.3 inches b. Shungnak - 16.2 inches Mean annual snowfall. a. Kobuk - 56 inches b. Shungnak - 79.9 inches J (5) Heating Degree Days. a. Kobuk - 16,079 b. Shungnak - 15,539 (6) Freezing degree days. a. Kobuk - 6607 b. Shungnak - 6300 (7) Designed wind load Life expectancy of building (mph) (years) 62 10 70 25 75 50 82 100 (8) Designed snow load Life expectancy of building (psf) (years) 87 5 132 25 152 50 172 100 (93) Minimum Temperature(°F) Mean (Winter) Mean (Summer) Extreme Kobuk -24 . 42 -68 Shungnak -9.3 ; 48.4 -61 (10) Maximum Temperature (°F) Mean (winter) Mean (Summer) Extreme Kobuk 1) , 69° / g0° Shungnak Sete 68.6° go° (11) Maximum Annual Precipitation a. Kobuk 61.7 inches b. Shungnak 50.6 inches (12) Prevailing wind. Average winds throughout the area blow 5 knots annually from the East/Northeast most of the year. During the summer months, June, July and August, the prevailing winds are westerly. (13) Maximum Sunlight (and Civil Twilight) 24 hours/day from mid-May to August lst 6 hours/day in December. (14) Ice Seasons Break-up (Span) Average Freeze-up (Span) Average a. Kobuk 5/7 - 5/29 _ 5/18 10/9 - 11/12 10/21 b. Shungnak 5/12 - 5/29 5/21 10/7 - 10/25 10/16 (15) Earthquake damage and seismic zone. This area lies within seismic risk zone 3. This means that an earthquake of magnitude 6.0 or greater may occur and possibly cause major damage to existing structures. (16. and 17) - For information on flood plains and all surface conditions see Geology. Soils and Hazards section. APPENDIX F PUBLIC MEETINGS SHUNGNAK PUBLIC MEETING TRANSMISSION LINE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT January 7, 1980 7:00 pm Dale Rusnell - Division of Energy & Power Development (Funding) Tom Humphrey - Raj Bhargava & Associates Karl Reishe - (Electrical Design & Construction) Vince McClelland - Environmental Services Limited Lynne Minton - (Right-of-Ways & Environmental Assessment) Dale - "I'm sure most of you know the price of power has been going up. So we have looked at various things hoping to cut the price of power. Generally speaking in the power business, bigger is cheaper - for instance, in Shungnak the power cost is about 40 cents per Kw hour. In a community like Bethel which is isolated but is a lot bigger, the average cost of power is approximately 10¢ Kw hour. So one way of making the system bigger is tying a whole bunch of systems together and making transmission lines, but the average transmission line cost so much particularly in an area like this where you would have to fly in most of the materials, bring in skilled help and a lot of machinery that it's almost prohibitive, so this concept is a simplified method which should be adequate to handle small loads. It has been tried out, but never this far north, so we don't know if, in the long, run it's going to be economically practical or if we can find low resist- ance ground. But the legislature has given us some money to try it, so that we can see if we can cut the cost of power." Tom - is showing a model, to explain what the line is going to look like and how it is eine to work. "Avec has a power plant in Shungnak, but there's no power in Kobuk. So most of the house's do not have any electricity. What we hope to do is buy power from Avec's power plant, bring it up on a transmission line to Kobuk then install meters and electricity into the houses in Kobuk. They would have their own electricity which would come from Shungnak and would not have to build there own power plant. The experimental nature of the project is that the power is sedis on a single conductor. Most power lines have two, explains how it works with a single conductor and then there's a ground grid which the model shows, with ground grids in Shungnak and Kobuk and alternating current flows around through the wire then back through the ground. We will put in a transformer sub- station near the Avec power house with a circuit breaker to the sub- station and we will put ground rods in after testing to determine the best place to put ground grids. Local trees will be used for the power line and we would like local people cutting trees for this purpose. If not we will have to fly poles in. The way the line is going to be built is with A-frame structures so there won't be holes dug for them they will just sit more or less on top of the ground with guy wires attached for support where necessary. The poles will be about 30 feet high so it will be quite high up and the poles will be about 250 to 300 feet apart. We will talk later on about the right-of-ways for the different routes. When the line gets to Kobuk it goes into another transformer, then there will be poles around the village of Kobuk to service each house. The house's will have a meter on them. The village of Kobuk will have to form their own cooperative to make sure that everyone dosn't use too much electricity, bills are paid and any other problems that might come up along the line. That is basically how the system works." Question - "How about the problem of overloading the generator?" uestion Pp Tom - "From what we can: tell about Avec's capacity the most Kobuk will need is about 50 Kw's." Tom explains about too much gener- ation right now. "Avec has talked about putting smaller generators in. If they did do this we would put in circuit breakers so that too much power could not be sent out to Kobuk. As it is, there is plenty of power for both villages." Vinnie - "We were up before Christmas to do some photo's and talk to some poeple. There has been a proposal made to build a road from Shungnak to Dahl Creek airstrip. We thought it would be suitable to try to follow.a route for the transmission line that would follow a future road. To put the power line along the road would help for maintenance purposes also. (showing map of proposed route, and the advantages of the different routes (map showing native allotments in the area). After it's finalized from you input, we will ask about right-of-ways and per- mission. If the route goes through Dahl Creek, we might pick up some more customers, so if we get permission for most of the allotments we should be able to get under way. Does anyone here have any reserva- tions about the line? We anticipate building this in the winter time and hope to use as much local labor as possi Right now the land is under the jurisdic- tion of BLM and we will talke to them about permits to build the line. They said it would be up to NANA and the village cooporatives and there were no objections here. So we should be able to get under way soon. Hopefully we will be able to build it before breakup this year." Question - "How many. people will be working on the line?" Answer - "About six people." Question - "How many hookups in Kobuk?" Will it affect our power supply? Answer - Avec has two large generators they are not using at present time. We will be helping them by giving them more of a load to put on their generators. We won't know how many hook-ups there will be in Kobuk until the meeting there tomorrow night. Question - Will our costs go down? Answer - We don't anticipate prices going down now, but maybe sometime in the future. Right now in this project we don't have enough money to build a distribution system in Kobuk. There is a dis- cussion of how many house's (12 house's and 4 community buildings) and the school if they want to hook up. The school would pay more because it is a larger load. Dale - Explains that it is demonstration line and has not been tried this far north before. ‘ Question - If they put in a road, we are a bit concerned because in the past, campers have come up to Dahl Creek and they disturb our fish camps. We would not want more people coming in and disturbing everything. Answer - We would not build a road for this project but at some future date a road may be put in for the miners between Shungnak and Dahl Creek. That would be later on if it happens at all. Question - How high will the wire be over the road. We have mining equipment and sometimes big booms which are higher than 30 feet go down the road in summertime. Answer - Good point. We have some possibilities which will have to be worked out. We could put higher poles at the road crossing or design it so that it could be disconnected at the road. Maybe we could even bury it beneath the road. Dale - The initial concept for this calls for stringing out the conductor onto the ground, then picking up every so mile or so with end poles and guy wires where needed. Then you come along with in- termediate poles where they are needed. This structure floats on top of the country instead of fighting it, it won't jack out of the ground every year and hopefully this way it will bring the cost down. Dale explains the system. That the load must be converted at each end, as the power will be high in between. Tom discusses the best place to put ground grid. The best place would be at the existing powerhouse or next best place near the river. He explains the ground rod tests. Question - How high will the wire be? Answer - Lowest point will be between the 2 poles where it sags. Probably about 22 feet. It will meet the National Electric Safety Code. uiestion = Are the ground rods safe if you touch them? Answer - They will be below the ground. We'll probably have to put more than one in. The townspeople looked over the maps and plans and discussed the project among themselves. No one was strongly opposed to the project. Meeting adjourned 8:45 pm. wo @© 10. able 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. ulvie 18. Loe 20. 21. 22 23. yy DoD WW BB Ww Shungnak Public Meeting Attendance List Name Regionald Cleveland Wynita Wood Annie Lee Walter Douglas Leonard Douglas | Homer Cleveland Sr. Florence K. Douglas Hilda Woods Edna Commack Emma Berry Pauline Waters Grover Cleveland Merle Custer George O. Cleveland El Commack Edward Lee J. E. Commack Verne Cleveland Raymond Woods Edward Commack Mildred Black Josephine Woods Wilson Tickett January:7, 1980 Address Shungnak, AK 99773 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. Felton I. Commack Edwin H. Douglas Frank W. Commack Leon Cleveland Charlie Lee Martha Lee KOBUK PUBLIC MEETING TRANSMISSION LINE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT January 8, 1980 7:00 pm Dale Rusnell - Division of Energy & Power Development (Funding) Tom Humphrey - Raj Bhargava & Associates Karl Reiche - (Electrical Design & Construction) Vince McClelland - Environmental Services Limited Lynne Minton - (Right-of-Ways & Environmental Assessment) Dale Rusnell - Division of Energy & Power Development - One of the problems of power is the cost keeps going up and up, particularly the power in rural Alaska has been skyrocketing. Avec's cost have risen dramatically since the conception of the Shungnak System. One way of providing electricity is to build large generating facilities and then directing power to the areas that are in need. What were trying to do here is build a cheap transmission line. We could build a trans- mission line or anybody could from here to Kotzebue, but it would be so expensive for the small amount of power that is going to be trans- mitted that it would be impractical. What were trying to do with this demonstration is to find out whether or not we can build a transmission line cheap; that's the bottom line. We have gotten money from the state government (THANKS to Leo Schaeffer) to build the line to see if it works. F-11 Tom will demonstrate we only have one insulated conductor and we will use the earth for the return conductor, its been done before, but never this far north, and we don't know if we can or how inexpensively it can be done. Building the line is pretty much taken care of as we have money for that. What happens to the power after it gets here is another concept and a whole different problem that will have to be worked out here. Essentially what we will be doing is hooking onto the Avec System at Shungnak which has ample capacity to supply the load in Kobuk and we envision probably a co-op in Kobuk that will purchase power bulk-rate from Avec in Shungnak and sell it in Kobuk. We are doing a similar project in Bethel. Essentially we're after two things; one, to see if the line will work and second, to see if we can build it inexpensively. If we can, this might be a real good vehicle to cut power all across the state. ‘Question - What if it dosn't work, are we talking about long term service to the customer or what? Dale - A little bit of both, if it dosn't work at least we've learned that, and what we're after is the education. It has worked in more mild climes than this but we don't know if we can find good ground resistence and usually if a load picks up on it, it's not such a good system for transfering large amounts of power. Usually when trans- ferring large amounts of power you either would try to build bigger and more efficient transmission lines that we cannot afford to maintain. Question - How will the line operate? Dale - One conductor will be on top of the ground insulated, and then on the end we will drive a counter poise or ground rods and try to find a good connection into the other current and the other current will circulate in the earth. This is done now on any three phase sys- tem. You ground the neutral on a wide connection system and any un- balanced current travels through the ground, but it's not used as a conductor per say. Question - Will the insulated conductor be above or below ground? Dale - The insulated conductor will be above ground, but were also trying to do it in an inexpensive way rather than augering the whole set of poles. Were going to have it on A-frame structures which sit above the ground so the lines will hold them erect and guy struc- tures will support it at intervals. So hopefully, one of the big prob- lems in arctic climate with poles, which is that when you drill them into the ground and then have seasonal frost activity the poles pull out, will be avoided. Question - What size conductor will be used? Dale - It will depend on how much room and space we have to serve, and probably more important the tensile strength of the con- ductor. Tom - Some of the studies they have done in the past they have used what they call seven number, eights it's about as big as your finger. We could get by with a lesser amount of power than normal, depending upon the ground resistance. Tom - goes on to describe the model to the group. Question - How big a load do you anticipate here at Kobuk? Answer - Well it depends on how many hook-ups, for instance, if the school plugged into it or not - I anticipate 50 Kw if everybody con- nects to it, but if the school dosn't connect to it we go the absolute minimum and anticipate about 15 Kw. There is going to be some cost anticipated because of the way the rates are calculated. The company or co-op that sells the power to the houses can decide how much to charge per kilowatt or whatever, and divide it up at a fair rate. What is going to happen now in Shungnak is we're going to install a circuit breaker in Shungnak's powerhouse and it's going to feed a transformer. It will probably be a full amount transformer installed right outside the powerhouse and right in Shungnak there is going to be what we call a ground grid, which is a bunch of ground rods driven into the ground enough so that it will lower the resistance of the ground. If we get a fairly low resistance, it will tie into something else like a well or a buried fuel line or anything else that gives us good contact with a ground. It's called a single wire line because there is only one wire. In most circuits you usually have two wires, like most everything around the village you will notice you have two wires strung, but in this one, the second wire is the ground. I understand that the telephone systems around here were.the same principal, they were just a single wire. There are a couple of routes that have been selected which we have studied to pick the best way to go. At any rate Vinnie will show the routes which run about 10 miles depending on exactly how we route it. We're thinking of following the cat tract going up by Dahl Creek and then following the road down to Kobuk. When it gets here to Kobuk it will connect to another transformer and another ground grid. We will come back to this a littler later as we will be doing some more testing. We will be driving some more ground rods into the ground, and talking to some people about attaching to their well casings. The rods we've driven into the ground about 26 feet to test the ground con- ductivity. We have not determined the best place to put the trans- former in Kobuk yet. I suspect that it should be centrally located, be- hind the community building or else further on out near the edge of town. The money that has already been appropriated for this project just gets the line into Kobuk and hooked to something, for example, the community building. The second part of the project involves the com- munity itself forming their own power company. It will be responsible for raising some additional financing (we know some sources) for putting poles in the village itself and putting meters and outlets into each house to hook-up to this power source. That's pretty much all there is to the whole transmission line, so if anyone has questions? Dale - I suppose this. is a good time to ask the question of whether there is any opposition to the project. I think I should cau- tion you that you would have to purchase the power. It's not a gift. You only get the line which the state pays for but if you want power you have to pay for it. Avec will not come to Kobuk, REA will not let them, but they will sell power at Shungnak. But, at the point of con- nection at Shungnak it's somebody else's responsibility besides Avec's. They will have a meter at Shungnak which is charged to the city of Kobuk or the Kobuk power Acai It will be their responsibility to pay for whatever power they use. Question - What about maintenance of the line? Dale - Because of the way Avec's power rate is set up they have a lower rate for a large power unit which Kobuk would be, compared to say just one house, and the difference is that they are charged the regular residential rate, similar to Avec's rate, for each one of their customers. There would be a differential which could be set aside for maintenance, which is the only way you could generate money. We will turn the line over to somebody, at this stage of the game, we don't know who or what. Right now we just want to see if the thing will pay for itself, not make a profit, just pay for itself. But you see, this is a demonstration project, if it works the state will be able to build single ground wire facilities all over rural Alaska. The state will not be funding them all. This is in lieu of Kobuk trying to find funds to buy a generator and make enough money from their operations to build a distribution system and maintain it. This is a constant problem. Question - If everything is approved, what is the anticipated starting date for this project? Tom - We are talking about starting it this winter like March lst, but first we will have to finish most of the work on the line this winter because we have to get permits and that type of thing so we will know the cost. Vinnie - Right now the land is under the jurisdiction of the BLM. We have talked to them and they indicated that as long as there are no objections from NANA they would submit a letter of entry for the line. Question - Have you got any idea of the cost of the power? Tom - I'm guessing right now it's going to cost 40 to 50 cents a kite att hour. With running a freezer and two light bulbs it will cost $50.00 per month. If you run a freezer, refrigerator, several bulbs CB radio, TV and washer/dryer it would probably cost you $200 per month - but it all depends how you people set up your own co-op, be- cause you're going to decide what the charge will be. You have to charge enough to pay Avec, then divide it amongst yourself. The simplest way is by the meter plus enough to cover overhead items even if there is not too much maintenance involved. It depends on how you structure your rates. Avec has about a $18 minimum rate per month. In summertime you wouldn't be using as much and Avec's bill would be less also. Dale - We will be happy to help you in any way we can with getting grants for the distribution system. Tom - What I would like to see happen is for everyone that wants power to sign up and form a cooporative and then hold a meeting. At the meeting they can elect their officers of the board of this co-op and then we'll just sit down with some planning sessions and go over all the cost, all the different sources of money, where the poles and wires are going to be set, where the meters are going to be installed in peoples houses, and different ways of charging. The users will decide it just like a regular corporation meeting. Question - Will new house's be able to hook-up, and how much will it cost? Tom - If there's somebody here that can do the work, you probably would not have any problem, but if every time a new house wanted to be hooked up you had to fly a contractor in, say from Anchorage, then the power company would have to pay for that also, and it would come out of the charges everybody pays monthly. Question - How far away can new houses be and still hook-up? Tom - This would be a good time to decide where any new houses will be so we can plan the system to handle all the new houses. That way it would be relatively simple to hook-up, unless they are planned too far away. The one line that goes through the village will be hooked to the transformer and new houses can hook-up to that. Right now the line from Shungnak to Kobyk is 5 voltage and you would need a transformer with a ground grid and a lot of stuff if you wanted to hook up out of town. Vinnie - We're considering running the line from Shungnak to Dahl Creek and picking up some customers there, (showing map of where it will go). We also have a map showing native allotments in the area. After we finalize our route selection, if it involves some of these native allotments, we will have to get permission from individuals to cross their property. Question - How high will the poles be? Answer - about 30 feet. They will be a lot higher than the lines going through town now. There may be a few guy wires to support poles that will come down and be marked with flourescent paint or some- thing so that people will not drive a snow mnctine into a guy wire. We would like to use all local labor. We had a meeting in Shungnak and several people there would like to do the work. Actually, we would like everyone in Kobuk to participate. If we can use local trees, we will probably need about 500 trees. So if we try to get the job done in 2 months we should put a lot of people to work.. The trees will just sit on the surface. We drove the route this morning. Right now there's not too much snow but if we get into a snow bank, we'll have to clear away the snow. The idea is, it will just sort of float on the surface. If it moves over one way or another from frost or melting it's not going to affect the stability of the line. We will be trying lots of different ideas, it depends how the ground looks. In gravel areas we won't need a lot of guy wires, but if we're in a swampy area we'll need more support. Dale - All we have money for now is a demonstration transmission line, so if the community wants a central distribution system, that is going to have to be a separate entity. We know of some possible sources of funding and will help you to get the money. Tom - Maybe I can explain some of the ideas to help get ae to some of the distribution lines, because getting the power here is not going to do any good if you don't have wires to your houses. There are RDA grants which you can get for rural electrification of villages for up to $40,000. This project would be eligile for that grant. The sooner we apply, the sooner we can get the money. The engineers that are working on the PHS building will be putting up some money for generators, water heaters and such. They said they would be willing to build it in such a way that it would benefit the distribution system. For instance, they could size the generator to be large enough to be used for a standby generator in case something happened to this line, then all the electricity would temporalily be run off of their generator. One of the qualifications of our contract with .the state is that we're -supposed to help set up this line, and I think it should be done under one of the existing organizations (like IRA) or form a new company or cooporative of all the people that are going to want power. You should elect a spokesman tonight if possible, so we can get some ideas. Dale - Usually RDA deals with the city councils. There is also the direct appropriation route but it would have to wait until the next legis- lative session convened and that would be in July, so it is too long to wait. Question - What are Avec rates now? Answer - They are dependent on fuel costs, so rates will go up as fuel goes up, but having this line will not cause prices to go up direct- ly. Hydroelectric projects are being looked ‘at in the area, but it will be somewhere down the road. The tape from here on is quite garbled so it will not be recorded verbatim. The main idea and questions are presented below. The map of the proposed routes are presented to the people, and also the native allotment map. Anywhere from 3 to 9 allotments may be crossed depending upon the route. A question is asked about the stability of the A-frame. Will it withstand a bull moose charging into it? The A-frame design will be stable enough to withstand a moose rubbing it's velvet or brushing alongside. After the first year, the supports will be well settled and stable, however, in that first year, it would probably not withstand a direct hit by a bull moose. Tom goes on to explain the danger of touching the line should it break. The current should stop, and safety devices are being planned to monitor this, but the line should not be touched by anyone if it is lying on the ground. The question is raised, if there are any objections to the line crossing the road between Dahl Creek and Kobuk. Mining equipment with large booms and road graders rave] the road in the summer and may be too high to pass beneath the line. Most people would like to see the line buried near Dahl Creek runway and at any raod crossings. Meeting adjourned - 8:45 pm. oo 10. a1 12. qyY 2 oO BP WO WS Kobuk Public Meeting Attendance List Name May Bernhardt Bernice Custer Aka Bernhardt Herbert Custer Eva Horner Mr. & Mrs. Elmer Ward Louise Wood Wilson Ticket Roy Sivy Henry Horner Guy J. Moyer Rosa Horner January 8, 1980 Address Kobuk, Alaska 99751 APPENDIX G CORRESPONDENCE a] { 116 Minnie Street Fairbanks, Alaska 99701 (907) 452-6288 February 29, 1980 Raj Bhargava Associates 301 East Fireweed Lane Anchorage, Alaska 99501 = ei = Re: SWGR Systems Ref: Your letter of January 21, 1980 Gentlemen: Speaking as a body, the State Board of Electrical Examiners favors the installation of a single wire ground return system within the geographical area you describe. The basic problem confronting our board is that Title 18 of the Alaska Statutes adopts the NESC as the minimum standard for our state. The legislature has not, at this time, delegated authority to any board or body, to adopt ammendments to this standard. The State of Alaska, by funding this project, has in effect committed a crime against itself. Should any injury or property damage result from this installation for any reason, the liability of our state government could be unimaginable. We suggest that this project should not be constructed without the knowledge and concurrence of our state legislature or until the law is ammended to allow an appropriate authority to legally modify the code. Sincerely > Tra iin ard Of | Electrical Examiners cc: C.R. Webber, Dept. of Commerce JT/1s i Hi i - JAY S. HAMMOND, GOVERNOR RS) ad” fisc on af . wes = a ay> sy Ar? YIN VEATRAL. RESO IURORS DEPARTAERT OF NATURAL RESOURCES 619 Yiarchouse br. Suite 210 DIVISION OF PARKS Anchorage, Alaska 99501 January 7, 1980 Re: . 3130-2 (Dept. of Commerce & Economic Development) Dale Russnel] Dept. of Commerce & Economic Development Division of Energy and Power Development 338 Denali Street Anchorage, Alaska 99501 Dear Mr. Russnell: This office has reviewed a project consisting of a powerline to be routed from Shungnak to Kobuk. It is our understanding that the powerline is to be routed using tripods which will be set upon the ground surface and that no surface disturbance will be considered as part of the project. Doug Reger of this office has reviewed the project with Lynne Minton of Environmental Services, Ltd., and obtained the above descriptions of the project. We do not have any conflicts with this project based on the assumption that no subsurface dis- turbance will be permited as part of the project. “0 Joes, Deputy site William S. Hanable State Historic Preservation Officer cc: Lynne Ninton Environmental Services, Ltd. 835 W. 9th Avenue Anchorage, Alaska 99501 DR: clk The following letter was sent to seven native allotment holders (see Appendix C) whose property may bé crossed by the transmission line. Four of the seven holders have responded (letters follow), one letter was returned by the post office because the holder, Merva Cleveland, is deceased. Follow-up letters have been sent to those who have not replied, with no response to date. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Ltd. 28 January 1980 Ms. Sarahwood Weisner Kobuk, Alaska 99751 A IDVIRCI® CK Re: Allotment #19189°B Dear Ms. Weisner, As you are aware the State Division of Energy and Power Development has funded a grant to construct a single phase demonstration transmission line from the village of Shungnak to Kobuk in order to supply electrical power to Kobuk. We have been working on the routing of the line from Shungnak to Kobuk and it appears that the right-of-way, as proposed, would cross your native allotment in Section 28, Township 18N Range, 9E, Kateel River Meridian. The right-of-way will be 60 feet in width, thirty feet on either side of the centerline of the route. As it appears that you have a valid existing right to this land and will probably receive title to the land from the BLM, pending a survey of the allotment's boundarys, we are requesting a 60 foot wide right-of-way from you across your allotment. We have enclosed a one inch to the mile map showing .roughly the proposed route in relation to your allotment and ask that you review this carefully. Construction of the powerline is scheduled for this spring as early as March, and we need to have your approvals and those of BLM, NANA Corpor- ation and other allotment holders as soon as possible. If you have any objection to this proposal please let us know as soon as possible in order that we can change the planned route in order to avoid your property. You should be aware that the single conducter for the line will be hung from A-frame structures approximately 30 feet in height. These struc- tures will not require any digging on your property but after put in place will probably settle into the ground. Also, unfortunately, due to the nature of this type of transmission line it will not be possible to hook up to it and obtain power from it at the site of your allotment. If you have S 835 WEST NINTH AVENUE ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 99501 (907) 276-4216 * 600 UNIVERSITY AVENUE FAIRBANKS, ALASKA 95701 (907) 479 3115 any questions or concerns about the line. Before you make your decision please write or call: 276-4216 Lynne Minton Environmental Services Limited 835 West Ninth Avenue Anchorage, Alaska 99501 By signing in the appropriate box below please indicate if you do or do not have objections to the construction of this powerline on your allotment. Thank you very much. Sincerely, ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES LIMITED Lynne Minton Geologist tun Whe right CF ebay 625 Chere 6 ep eTy / hide te The C6 Prowshyy Cy ny « asle Tine? poe 7G I do not have any cbfenetin” s to having the proposed transmission line crossing my native allotment. I understand that by signing here I am granting a 60 foot wide right-of-way across my native allotment. . Your Signature I do have objection's to the construction of this line across my allotment and do not grant a right-of-way across this land. Your Signature ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES rage <z any questions or concerns about the line. Before you make your decision please write or call: 276-4216 Lynne Minton Environmental Services Limited 835 West Ninth Avenue - Anchorage, Alaska 99501 By signing in the appropriate box below please indicate if you do or do not have objections to the construction of this powerline on your allotment. Thank you very much. Sincerely, ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES LIMITED Beyvne JGTO Lynne Minton Geologist VMcC/LM/jh I do not have any objection's to having the proposed transmission line crossing my native allotment. I understand that by signing here I am granting a 60 foot wide right-of-way across my native allotment. Zz all “ Leceiea ed (Orso Your Signature I do have objection's to the construction of this line across my allotment and do not grant a right-of-way across this land. Your Signature ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES tae, any questions or concerns about the line. Before you make your decision please write or call: 276-4216 ‘ Lynne Minton Environmental Services Limited 835 West Ninth Avenue Anchorage, Alaska 99501 By signing in the appropriate box below please indicate if you do or do not have objections to the construction of this powerline on your allotment. Thank you very much. Sincerely, ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES LIMITED Gyn Weal Lynne Minton Geologist VMcC/LM/ jh I do not have any objection's to having the proposed transmission line crossing my native allotment. I understand that by signing here I am granting a 60 foot wide right-of-way across my native allotment. Sl td 5 Wea ote Your Signature I do have objection's to the construction of this line across my allotment and do not grant a right-of-way across this land. Your Signature ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES FAA has approved the right-of-way proposal for the line's passage near Kobuk = and Dall Creek airstrips. The leaseholders, Wein Consolidated Airlines and Alaska Department of Transportation, have not responded. Therefore, we have assumed they have no objections to the proposal. _ NOTICE OF PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION OR ALTERATION woe NATURE OF SyRUCTURE - 7 — os FAA ther returp thin form or A. TYPE tass © FROFOSED ee oF issue a separate acknowledgement. . TIME TO COMPL X_] New ConstRUCTION aN} PERMAYIENT (Monthay A. The proposed structure: J Auttzation [_Jremrorary 3) starting 3/15/8 D)Dors nol require « police to FAA. PrWould pot exceed any obstruction standard of Part 77 and would nol be ® bazard to air navigation. 2. NAME AND ADDRESS OF INDIVIDUAL, COMPANY, CORPORATION, ETC. PROPOSING THE CONSTRUCTION OR ALTERATION (Number, Street, City, xtnte and Zip Code) r a OSbould be obstruction Oo masked : CD) lighted per FAA Advisory Circular State of Alaska rae Cee) = (Obstruction marking and Lighting are To Division of Energy & Power Developnent i seiacceusary. 7th Floor MacKay Bide. CD Requires supplemental notice. 338 Denali Street Use FAA form enclosed. LAnchorare, Alaske 995017): B. FCC () was {Zj was not advised. DETERTIYN ATTN: Dale Rusnel1 ['°*-2E TEE! IRATION EAPIRES at piss S OTHERWISE EXTENDED | "“"*S"A Frame" structures VISED OR TERMINATEN | |on either side must not be Gud cumfiguration of power chos er than 335 feet from Pea enneentnnley™ the runway centerline. DESC IN OF STRUCTURE ¢ IM, EM or TV xtalion and asi franxmission line m vicinity of FAA Jaci Transmissim line structures vill consist of "A franc" structures no greater than 3G feet in height. How- ever, the line will be buried in the area immediately ISSUINGTORICE adjacent to the Dahl Creek airstrip. Alaska Region poe IEWING OFFICER, si DATE / . : eA tied l ee ee Ye } (10 4. LOCATION OF STRUCTURE Air Tr ffi Di A AT a] 537 A. COORDINATES (79 nearest xceond) B. NEAREST CITY OR TOWN, AND STATE (Assoicated city Dahl Creek) LATITUDE LONGITUDE B 5 . * 2 ie ~ | (1) DISTANCE FROM 48 (2) DIRECTION FROM 4B 6 56 |38N_ 156 54 7W 12 mes [North East C. NAME OF NEAREST AIRPORT, HELIPORT, OR SEAPLANE BASE (1) DISTANCE FROM NEAREST POINT OF (2) DIRECTION FROM pees RUNWAY AIRPORT Dahl Creck West D. DESCRIPTION OF LOCATION OF SITE WITH RESPECT TO HIGHWAYS, STREETS, AIRPORTS, PROMINENT TERRAIN FEATURES, EXISTING STRUCTURES, EIC. (Altach a highicay, street, or any other appropriate map or scaled drawing showing the relationship of construction aite to nearcat airport(s). If more xpace ix required, continuc on a separate shect of paper and attach to this notice.) The powerline proposed will be directlytoo the west of the agistrip buricd underground so as not to interfere with air traffic-See Map 5. HEIGHT AND ELEVATION (Complete A, B and © to the nearcat foot) | 6. WORK SCHEDULE DATES A. ELEVATION OF SITE ABOVE MEAN SEA LEVEL 260 Feet A. BEGINNING 8 HEIGHT OF STRUCTURE INCLUDING APPURTENANCES AND LIGHTING 3-15-88 - (if any) ABOVE GROUND, OR WATER IF SO SITUATED O Feet . 8. END C. OVERALL HEIGHT ABOVE MEAN SEA LEVEL (4 + 2) 260 Feet ' 7-15-80 yes | NO 7. OBSTRUCTION MARKED AND/OR LIGHTED IN AC- A. MARKED CORDANCE WITH CURRENT FAA ADVISORY CIR- < CULAR 70/7460-1, OBSTRUCTION MARKING AND BRAY AVON RED OBSTRUCHONIUCHIS . LIGHTING C. HIGH INTENSITY WHITE OBSTRUCTION LIGHTS x: D. DUAL LIGHTING SYSTEM x I HEREBY CERTIFY that all of the above DATE TEL. NO. (Give area | TYPED NAME/TITLE OF PERSON FILING NOTICE SIGNATURE code) Lynne Minton-Consultant 1/27/80 907-276-4216 |Environmental Services Ltd. Notice is required by Part 77 of the Federal Aviation Regulations (14 C.F.R. Part 77) pursuant to Section 110] of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958. as amended (49 U.S.C. 1101). Persons who knowingly and willfully violate the Notice requirements of Part 77 are subject to a fine (criminal penalty) of not more than $500 for the first offense and not more than $2.000 for subsequent otenses. pursuant to Section 902(a) of the Federal Aviation Act of 195£, as amended (49 U.S.C. 1472(a)). FAA Form 7460-1 (1-7e) SUPERSEDES FREVIOUS EDITION DO NOT REMOVE CARBONS . ments made by me are true, complete, and correct to the best of my knowledge. at NOTICE OF PROFOSED CONSTRUCTION OR ALTERAIIUN 80- AAL~16- OE 1. NATURE CF STRUCTURE — as =e eran TAA ther return thie f aire B. CLASS ¢ eeccomneie or . ikaue 9 separcte acknuwsladcemnat . ME TC! COMPL . . | KJ new CONSTRUCTION X] permacient (Monthy) A. The proposed atructure: TERATION TF MFORAR . [_Jatteratio [ ORARY 3) starting 3/15/8 D Does not require « nolice tr FAA. 2 — X) Would not exceed any obsiruction standerd of Part 77 and would not be a bazard to air pavigation. 2. NAME AND ADDRESS OF INDIVIDUAL, COMPANY, CORPORATION, ETC. PROPOSING THE CONSTRUCTION OR ALTERATION (Number, Street, City, State and Zip Code) la 7 oh thet ba obstruction o marked jighte ir i ircuia: State of Alaska miso een ane ieaael | To Division of Energy & Power Development [[Obsteuction marking and lighting are pot ne esaary. . 7th Floor MacKay Bldg 338 Denali Street | Sa ee D Requires supplomental notice. Use FAA form enclosed. B. FCC 2 was [) was not advised. | mrss ee TENDED: REVISED: OR TERM! 3. COMPLETE DLLSCRIPTION OF STFUCTURE « modificd AM, TM or TV station and ans transmianion line in vicinity of FAA facili opr TES RT IVT of power ‘ Nn en eel m the approach end or 335 from thecenterline o Kobuks airstrip. | Transmission line structures will consist of "A frame" structures no greater than 30 feet in height. ISSUING OFFICE: _Alaska Region IEWING OFFICE: | 4. LOCATION OF STRUCTURE A. COORDINATES (To neareat xccond) B. NEAREST CITY OR TOWN, AND STATE LATITUDE LONGITUDE Kobuk ° T° ° , ~ | () DISTANCE FROM 4B | (2) DIRECTION FROM 48 6 54 |34N 56 $1 ow 500 Feet MILES North C. NAME OF NEAREST AIRPORT, HELIPORT, OR SEAPLANE BASE (1) DISTANCE FROM NEAREST POINT OF (2) DIRECTION FROM NEAREST RUNWAY ' AIRPORT Kobuk Airstrip Approx. 1100 East D. DESCRIPTION OF LOCATION OF SITE WITH RESPECT TO HIGHWAYS, STREETS, AIRPORTS, PROMINENT TERRAIN FEATURES, EXISTING STRUCTURES, ETC. (Attach a hiyhway, xtrect. or any other appropriate map or acaled drawing ahowing the relationship of construction site to nearcet Girport(s). If more xpace is required, continue on a@ scparate sheet of puper and attach to this notice.) The proposed transmission line will be directly to the east of the end of the Kobuk airstrip. See map. 5. HEIGHT AND ELEVATION (Complete A, B and ( to the nearest foot) | 6. WORK SCHEDULE DATES A. ELEVATION OF SITE ABOVE MEAN SEA LEVEL . | 145 feet A. BEGINNING — 3/15/89 | 8. HEIGHT OF STRUCTURE INCLUDING AP! NANCES AND LIGHTING (iJ any) ABOVE GROUND, OR WATER IF SO SITUATED 30 feet : . END C. OVERALL HEIGHT ABOVE MEAN SEA LEVEL (A + 8) | 175 feet "7/18/80 | |_tss [xo 7. OBSTRUCTION MARKED AND/OR LIGHTED IN AC. A. MARKED xX cornet cnt a avon” Cyaan HG ORATION TORE x LIGHTING C. HIGH INTENSITY WHITE OBSTRUCTION LIGHTS x | D. DUAL LIGHTING SYSTEM x 7 I HEREBY CERTIFY that all of the above statements made by me are true, complete, and correct to the best of my Snewisdass DATE TEL. NO. (Give arca TYPED NAME/TITLE OF PERSON FILING NOTICE SIGNATURE : rs | coe) ynne Minton-Consultant 4 pee ae 1/27/80 07-276-4216 tcpicemetal Services Ltd. . ae Notice is required by Part 77 of the Federal Aviation Regulations (14 C.F.R. Part 77) pursuant to Section 1101 of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958. as amended (49 U.S.C. 1101). Persons who knowingly and willfully violate the Notice requirements of Part 77 are subject to a fine (criminal penalty) of not more than $500 for the first offense and not more than 32.000 for subsequent offenses, pursuant to Section 902(a) of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958, as amended (49 U.S.C. 1472(a)). FAA Form 7460-1 (1-78) sUFERSEDES PREVIOUS EDITION DO NOT REMOVE CARBONS LLL | EPMO EE RRP SEVILLE UG be Werte ‘ 28 January 1980 Wien Consolidated Airline 4100 International Airport Road Anchorage, Alaska 99502 Dear Sirs: Our firm has been contratted by the State Division of Energy and Power Development to complete the right-of-way planning work and obtain necessary approvals for a demonstration electric transmission line from Shungnak to Kobuk. The proposed right-of-way for this project passes through one of your BLM airport leases at Kobuk airstrip. The line will cross approx- imately 50-100 feet in front of the west end of the runway and will be placed underground in order not to present any hazards to air traffic at this location. We have enclosed a map showing the proposed right- of-way for your review. The line will be buried between points A and B on the map. We request that you review this proposal at your earliest conven- ience and let us know if you have any objections to this proposal. Sincerely, ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES LIMITED Lynne Minton Geologist ~ LM/jh Enclosure _cc: Rodger Bolstad/BLM 835 WEST NINTH AVENUE ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 99501 (907) 276-4216 * 600 UNIVERSITY AVENUE FAIRBANKS, ALASKA 9970; AW LLis (907* 4793115 EAWVIRUNIVIEN TAL OERVILES Ltd. es 28 January 1980 Mr. Jim Moody Department of Transportation & Public Facilities Pouch 6900 Anchorage, Alaska 99502 Re: Airport Lease (F033415) Dear Mr. Moody, Our firm has been contracted by the State Division of Energy and Power Development to complete the right-of-way planning work and obtain necessary approvals for a demonstration electric transmission line from Shungnak to Kobuk. The proposed right-of-way for this project passes through one of your BLM airport .leases at Dahl Creek (F033415). The line will cross approximately 50-100 feet in front of the west end of the runway and will be placed underground in order not to present any hazards to air traffic at this location. We have enclosed a map showing the proposed right-of-way for your review. The line will be buried between points A and B on the map. We request that you review this proposal at your earliest conven- ience and let us know if you have any objections to this proposal. Sincerely, ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES LIMITED Lynne Minton Geologist LM/jh Enclosure cc: Rodger Bolstad/BLM 835 WEST NINTH AVENUE ANCHOHAGE, ALASKA 99501 (907) 276421G © GOO UNIVERSITY AVENUE FAIRBANKS, ALASKA GO*N} = (997) S79 91TE LOT OWNERS ALONG KOBUK DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ROUTE Amelia Gray Lot #3 Nina Harvey Lot #4 Alex Wood Lot #5 Wilson Tickett Lot #7 Guy Moyer Lot #9 and #13 . Bernice Custer Lot #11 Joseph K. Harvey Lot #12 Eva Horner Lot #14 May Bernhardt Lot . #20 and #22 Louise Wood Lot #24 Jacob Horner Lot #13 10 March 1980 //2 3 4// Kobuk, AK 99751 Dear //2 4//: As. you know, the State Division of Energy and Power Development has funded a grant to construct a single phase demon- stration transmission line from Shungnak to Kobuk. This grant does not, however, cover the cost of the power distribution system to individual homes in Kobuk. For this reason, we are applying for a Rural Development Assistance Grant from the Department of Community and Regional Affairs. We have proposed a routing for the distribution through Kobuk and it appears that we will need an easement across your property. at Lot //5//, Block 1, Kobuk, Alaska. (If you do not own this property, could you please let us know who does?) The easement would be approximately ten feet in width to accommodate distribu- tion poles. Since the system runs along property lines, it would extend only five feet onto your lot. We have enclosed a map showing the proposed route in relation to your property and ask that you review it carefully. If you have any objections to the proposed route, please let us know as soon as possible in order that we can change the route to avoid your property. Approximately seventeen poles, thirty feet in height, will be utilized for the distribution system. Guy wires will be used to anchor the system, so some digging will be required. The poles will be planted about five feet into the ground and the wire may sag approximately seven feet between poles, making the lowest point of the wire eighteen feet above ground. The easement will be granted to the State Division of Energy and Power Development originally and, later on, will be transferred to the electric company (co-op) in Kobuk. 10 March 1980 Page 2 If you have any questions concerning the distribution system, please write or call: Lynne Minton Environmental Services Limited 835 W. 9th Avenue Anchorage, AK 99501 (907)276-4216 By signing in the appropriate box below, please indicate if you will or will not grant an easement for the construction of this distribution line on your property. Please return this page in the enclosed, stamped envelope as soon as possible. Thank you very much. Sincerely yours, ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES LIMITED Lynne Minton Geologist LM/cls I do not have any objections to having the proposed distribution line cross my property (Lot //5//, Block 1, Kobuk, Alaska). I understand that by signing here I am granting a five foot easement. Your Signature I do have objections to the construction of this distribution system across my property (Lot //5//, Block 1, Kobuk, Alaska) and do not grant an easement. Your Signature 10 March 1980 Susie L. Ticket Secretary/Treasurer Grant Administrative Council Kobuk, AK 99751 Dear Ns. Ticket: As you know, we are in the process of applying for a Rural Development Grant to finance the construction of the electrical distri- bution system in Kobuk. Enclosed is a map showing the proposed route of the system. It will consist of approximately seventeen poles, thirty feet in height, supporting the wire. Guy wires will also be used and holes will be dug for burying the anchors. The poles will be buried ap- proximately five feet into the ground. The wire may sag up to seven feet between the poles, leaving a distance between the ground and wire of eighteen feet at the lowest point. We need permission from the property holders along the route to provide a ten foot easement for construction and maintenance of the sys- tem. Since the system would run along property lines, it would only ex- tend five feet on either side of the center line. I have sent letters to the individuals I thought owned various parcels of land; however, there were several whose owners I did not know or guessed at. If you could let me know who the property owners are of the the following lots, I would appreciate it: Lots 6, 8, 12, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 26 and the large parcel entitled U.S. survey #3664. You could really help us out by having these individuals send me a letter saying whether they would or would not grant a five foot easement for the power distribution system, or have them contact: Lynne Minton Environmental Services Limited 835 W. 9th Avenue Anchorage, AK 99501 (207) 276-4216 Perhaps you could take this letter to the next city council meeting and ask around. Thank you for your time and effort. Sincerely yours, ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES LIMITED Lynne Minton LM/cls APPENDIX H RDA GRANT APPLICATION STATE OF ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY AND REGIONAL AFFAIRS -- DIVISION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT ASSISTANCE 225 Cordova, Building "B" Anchorage, Alaska 99501 Phone: 276-1721 Application for Grant Funds for year beginning July 1, 1979 (Fiscal Year 1980) Grant Number (office use only) Community Name KOBUK ID Number PRDA 80-03-05 Name of Project Amount Requested Date RURAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE GRANT APPLICATION A. COMMUNITY INFORMATION: le Name of Community KOBUK Date_ 1/15/80 2. Community Mailing Address General Delivery, Kobuk, Ak. 99751 3. List present council members and their terms: - «4+ Name Elmer WARD Term Oct. 1, 1979 Term Oct. 1, 1979 Started Ends Susie Ticket Ls " Jack Horner LK) " Herbert Custer a . Amilia Gray ; . " Aka Bernhardt = = “Bernice Custer 4. Type of local government: Borough 3 Ist Class 3 2nd Class_ X IRA_X_; Village Council 5. Has your community had RDA monies before? For what purpose? When? Yes, Snow machine repair shop B. PROJECT INFORMATION: Note: Grant Coordinator and Grant Administration Committee Members to be determined, and names provided at a later date. a) Need or Problem: - Village Electrification, power distribution system Cc. b) Specific project goals including how this project will help in long term community and/or economic development: See narrative for complete project description and impact. c) Number and description of permanent jobs created (if applicable) Manager - part-time Maintenance man - part-time 4. Land title or other land documents certifying ownership or intent to reconvey on land where RDA project is to be built (attach documents) ‘5. If this is a construction project, please attach the plans. (To be reviewed by State Fire Marshal's office). AGENCY COORDINATION: What other agencies are involved in this project? Name Division of Energy and Power Development Person in agency to contact_ - Dale Rusnell Address of agency 338 Denali Street, Anchorage, Ak. 99501 Phone Number of agency 276-0508 What do you have in writing from this agency? See narrative Name Alaska Village Electric Coop Person in agency to contact. Address of agency. 483] Eagle St., Anchorage, Ak. 99501 Phone number of agency 277-6632 What do you have in writing from this agency? See narrative DLE Oita =) Sr NOS VENIVIIN DUE 2 FS = == fi yiia the comunity of AoLYA , WLIsk GG 7S 7 WHEREAS, the community wishes to apply for a Rural Development Assistance Grant to obtian funds to carry out a project descri bed as “Ma and WHEREAS, the Division of Local Government Assistance of the Department of Community and Regional Affairs will require this community to enter into an agreement with the State of Alaska; Now THEREFORE, be it resolved, that the community will enter into an agreement with the State of Alaska, if a grant is made; _and BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the following members of this community are hereby appointed’ as the members of the Grant Administration Com- mittee and are hereby authorized to carry out the terms of the agreement on behalf of the community. NAME (please print) | TITLE Setste Le Dochefs Sec — 7Vxees. Sceucce Custer. Men bere Heebept Cussler hewn bere I certify that a resolution in substantially the above form was passed by a majority of those voting at a duly called and conducted meeting of the governing body of the Community of . ’ Lob eck, AhKske » held on feeheuwar , 19 0 Dated Fire, (6, 190 Eb Ly! ae Secretary of Presiding Officer 13. 14. 18. 16. ue 18. 19. Bernhardt, May, local resident, Kobuk, 1/27/80. Browell, Herb, BLM, Fairbnaks, 12/11/79. Castle, Frank, BIA, Anchorage, 12/3/79. Dawe, Jan, UofA, Fairbanks, 1/16/80. Ezell, Virginia, BLM, Fairbanks, 12/11/79. Farranetti, Ray, BLM Fire Fighting Office, Fairbanks, 4/8/80. Hassett, Jerry, BLM, Anchorage, 12/11/79. Lyons, Monty, ADOT/PF, 11/9/79. Moore, Greg, ADF&G, Kotzebue, 1/5/80. Moyer, Greg, local resident, Kobuk, 12/19/79. Nelson, Dale, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Officer, 1/16/80. Schaeffer, Leo, state legislature, Kobuk, 12/18/79. Tinker, Mike, Enviornmental Officer, ADOT/PF, 11/9/79. Weisner, Paul, school maintenance, local resident, Shungnak, 12/18/79. White, George, Superintendent of Schools, NW Arctic School District, 12/18/79. Widdis, John, ADOT/PF, Nome, 11/9/79. Woodworth, Keith, BLM, Kotzebue, 12/18/79. le2 References Te 10. ce Te: 13. Arctic Environmental Information and Research Center. Kobuk Community Profile. Department of Community and Regional Affairs. December 1976. Arctic Environmental Information and Research Center. Shungnak Community Profile. Department of Community and Regional Affairs. December 1976. Davis, James. Age Structure of Caribou Populations in Arctic Alaska. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. 1976. James Biddle Co. Manual on Earth Resistance Testing. Johnson, Phillip R. and Hartman, Charles H. Environmental Atlas of Alaska. University of Alaska. September 1969. R. W. Retherford Associates. A Regional Electric Power System for the Lower Kuskokwim Vicinity. USDOI and Alaska Power Administra- tion. 1975. Schoephorster, Dale B. and Bowen, Charles D. Soils of the Kobuk Area. U.S. Soil Conservation Service. 1965. Selkregg, Lydia L. Alaska Regional Profiles - Northwest Region. Office of the Governor. U.S. Government Printing Office. Environmental Criteria for Electric Transmission Systems. 1970. U.S. Public Health Service. “Environmental Assessment Narrative, Kobuk, Alaska." Project Number AN-77-6295. September 1977. U.S. Public Health Service. "Marginal Impact Statement, Shungnak, Alaska." Project Number AN-77-957. 1977. Dick and Holliday. Impulse and Alternating Current Tests on Grounding Electrodes in Soil Enviornment. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems. Vol. PAS-97, No. 1. January/ February 1978. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Alaska District. Electrical Grounding of Power and Communications Facilities for Tactical Operations in Arctic Regions. 1975. Contacts - Personal Communications 1. 2s Adams, Al, President, Kotzebue Native Corporation, 12/8/79. Benfield, Dan, ADF&G, Anchorage, 1/15/80. 1-1 APPENDIX | REFERENCES AND CONTRACTS COST OF POWER TO KOBUK: The cost of power to Kobuk residents will be similar to AVEC's residential rate structure in Shungnak: minimum charge: $18.60/mo. energy charge: 37.2¢/KWH Cost of commercial power to Kobuk provided by AVEC in Shungnak is: minimum charge: — $250.00/mo. demand charge: $ 10.00/KW over 10 KW energy charge: first 1500 KWH - 32.5¢/KWH over 1500 KWH - 24.8¢/KWH Example: A typical monthly bill based on the above rates for each resident is: 15 cu. ft. freezer, 1,195 KWH/yr. or 100/KWH/mo. (2) 60 W bulbs, 8 hr./day, 30 days - 28.8 KWH/mo. At 40¢/KWH, bill is $51.52/mo. Based on 15 residential customers at 1932 KWH/mo. and four public buildings at 3600 KWH/mo., Kobuk power coop's bill can be calculated as follows: Energy, 5532 KWH, lst 1500 KWH - $487.50 extra 4032 KWH - 1999.93 TOTAL - $1487.43 Demand, 15 KW 50.00 TOTAL - $1537.43 or 26¢/KWH Kobuk will form a power coop, buying commercial power as metered in Shungnak. The cost is $1537.43 or 26¢/KWH. The power is resold to Kobuk residents at 40¢/KWH. This gives the coop a profit of 14¢/KWH or $775.00. The actual rate structure will be determined by the as yet unformed coop. The revenues will pay for management and maintenance. KOBUK POWERLINE PROJECT: Description. and Project Goals: The State of Alaska has funded a demonstration powerline between Shungnak and Kobuk. Power is presently produced by diesel gener- ators in Shungnak by AVEC. Upon successful completion of the powerline, power would be available to Kobuk. Kobuk will need a distribution system, hence this application for a state grant. The powerline project consists of a Single Wire Ground Return (SWGR) system. Every electrical consumer, whether it is a light bulb or a village, must return the current to the source. Kobuk will receive its electricity on a standard conductor wire, but unlike conventional two wire systems, the current will be returned through the earth. This method is not new, but has not been tried in permafrost. Use of a single wire saves money over use of a two wire system. The state grant covers the cost of the powerline. No money is pro- vided for development in Kobuk. Attached is a map of Kobuk indicating the proposed distribution system and potential customers. The potential customers were determined at public hearings in Kobuk, held January 8, 1980. See Insert A. Also attached is an estimate of the cost of power to Kobuk, pro- vided by AVEC in Shungnak. Kobuk does not have a village power distribution system. The power available to Kobuk will be 50 KW, more than enough to ‘provide local needs and allow future growth. At present most villagers have no way of preserving food over summer and a freezer will be an important addition to each household. Besides individual houses, the community center and community wash house will recieve power. The results of the powerline project will benefit more villages than just Kobuk. Small hydroelectric projects are being planned for rural Alaska. Power distribution systems will be needed, and the SWGR system is an affordable system. Kobuk will be an example of the advantages of rural power. weer | AERIAL ELECTRIC DISTRIBUTION OR LIGHTING SYSTEM. | | PRIMARY CONDUCTOR SECONDARY CONDUCTOR DOWN GUY HEAD GUY SIDEWALK GUY STREET OR PARKING LOT LIGHT AND BRACKET POLE TRANSFORMER KOBUK VILLAGE ELECTRIBICATION PLAN TRANANSZION LINE SWaR PROM SHUNG@NAK Le APPENDIX | REFERENCES AND CONTRACTS References 1. 10. 11. 12. 13. Arctic Environmental Information and Research Center. Kobuk Community Profile. Department of Community and Regional Affairs. December 1976. Arctic Environmental Information and Research Center. Shungnak Community Profile. Department of Community and Regional Affairs. December 1976. Davis, James. Age Structure of Caribou Populations in Arctic Alaska. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. 1976. James Biddle Co. Manual on Earth Resistance Testing. Johnson, Phillip R. and Hartman, Charles H. Environmental Atlas of Alaska. University of Alaska. September 1969. R. W. Retherford Associates. A Regional Electric Power System for the Lower Kuskokwim Vicinity. USDOI and Alaska Power Administra- tion. 1975. Schoephorster, Dale B. and Bowen, Charles D. Soils of the Kobuk Area. U.S. Soil Conservation Service. 1965. Selkregg, Lydia L. Alaska Regional Profiles - Northwest Region. Office of the Governor. U.S. Government Printing Office. Environmental Criteria for Electric Transmission Systems. 1970. U.S. Public Health Service. “Environmental Assessment Narrative, Kobuk, Alaska." Project Number AN-77-6295. September 1977. U.S. Public Health Service. "Marginal Impact Statement, Shungnak, Alaska." Project Number AN-77-957. 1977. Dick and Holliday. Impulse and Alternating Current Tests on Grounding Electrodes in Soil Enviornment. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems. Vol. PAS-97, No. 1. January/ February 1978. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Alaska District. Electrical Grounding of Power and Communications Facilities for Tactical Operations in Arctic Regions. 1975. Contacts - Personal Communications Ts 2. Adams, Al, President, Kotzebue Native Corporation, 12/8/79. Benfield, Dan, ADF&G, Anchorage, 1/15/80. a 11. 2s 13. 14. 15% 16. lie 18. 19° Bernhardt, May, local resident, Kobuk, 1/27/80. Browell, Herb, BLM, Fairbnaks, 12/11/79. Castle, Frank, BIA, Anchorage, 12/3/79. Dawe, Jan, UofA, Fairbanks, 1/16/80. Ezell, Virginia, BLM, Fairbanks, 12/11/79. Farranetti, Ray, BLM Fire Fighting Office, Fairbanks, 4/8/80. Hassett, Jerry, BLM, Anchorage, 12/11/79. Lyons, Monty, ADOT/PF, 11/9/79. Moore, Greg, ADF&G, Kotzebue, 1/5/80. Moyer, Greg, local resident, Kobuk, 12/19/79. Nelson, Dale, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Officer, 1/16/80. Schaeffer, Leo, state legislature, Kobuk, 12/18/79. Tinker, Mike, Enviornmental Officer, ADOT/PF, 11/9/79. Weisner, Paul, school maintenance, local resident, Shungnak, 12/18/79. White, George, Superintendent of Schools, NW Arctic School District, 12/18/79. Widdis, John, ADOT/PF, Nome, 11/9/79. Woodworth, Keith, BLM, Kotzebue, 12/18/79. i=2 vl 12 SS SO CSORM GINED A-FRAME beset 0. We GH08 GUNED A- FRAME, ANeLE NOOSED Ba~eKH HOTES! DSBMCES AMD SRN COR: ARE APPROUHATS UNTIL, ~ VBRIRED BY GROUND SRS. ‘