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Barrow Right-of-Way Application & Environ. Analysis for Powerline Library Copy 1981
RIGHT-OF-WAY APPLICATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR PROPOSED BARROW-ATQASUK -WAI NWR IGHT POWERLINE PREPARED FOR NORTH SLOPE BOROUGH PREPARED By HOWARD GREY & ASSOCIATES, INC. GEOLOGISTS-ENGINEERS ANCHORAGE, ALASKA May, 1981 Revisep NovemBer, 1983 RIGHT-OF-WAY APPLICATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR PROPOSED BARROW-ATQASUK-WAINWR IGHT POWERLINE PREPARED FOR NORTH SLOPE BOROUGH PREPARED By HOWARD GREY & ASSOCIATES. INC, GEOLOGISTS-ENGINEERS ANCHORAGE, ALASKA May, 1981 Revisep NovemBer, 1983 HOWARD GREY & ASSOCIATES, INC. . GEOLOGISTS AND ENGINEERS 715 L STREET, SUITE 8 ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 99501 TELEPHONE (907) 274-2314 June 2, 1981 United States Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management Fairbanks District Office, NPRA P.O. Box 1150 Fairbanks, Alaska 99707 Subject: Right-of-Way Application and Environmental Analysis for Proposed Barrow-Atqasuk-Wainwright Powerline Gentlemen: Transmitted herewith are copies of the subject request for a right-of- way and environmental analysis. The right-of-way will, in large part, traverse lands under Federal jurisdiction PL-94-258 National Petroleum Reserve Alaska. The right-of-way application is made in conformence with 43 CFR 2800. In addition, we are requesting a temporary use permit (copy attached) for the initial survey, soils-foundation investigation and line con- struction. The temporary permit will only apply to the Barrow to Atqasuk portion. The extension to Wainwright would be planned for a later time. We are requesting a 200 foot wide easement, i.e. 100 feet on either side of the proposed line, for the temporary use, primarily to accomodate construction. This could probably be reduced to a 100 foot right-of-way for subsequent line maintenence, providing all improvements can be con- tained within the narrower corrider. : The North Slope Borough Public Utilities Department will be in charge of financing, construction, operation and maintenence of the powerline. The North Slope Borough is certified to produce and deliver power to all villages within its boundaries, with the exception of Barrow. A copy of the Borough's Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity, No.254, is attached. In accordance with 43 CFR 2803.1-1 subpart (A)(2)-(i) we request a waiver of the application fee for the temporary use application and permit. We Page 2 U.S. Department of the Interior Proposed Powerl ine/Barrow-Atqasuk-Wainwright June 2, 1981 also request consideration of waiver of the right-of-way rental fees Pursuant to 43 CFR 2803.1-2 subpart (C)(1) and (C)(3). We would appreciate your prompt attention to the subject application. In particular, your early approval of the temporary use permit will allow us to commence with the preliminary soils and survey work. In the meantime, if we can furnsih your office with any additional in- formation or if you have any questions regarding the permit application, please advise. Sincerely, HOWARD HJG/1g Form 2920-1 UNITED STATES FORM APPROVED \ November 1977) DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR F head i BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT OMB NO. 42-R0996 TEMPORARY USE APPLICATION AND PERMIT Serial Number Title I, Sec. 28(e) of the Mineral Leasing Act of 1920, 30 U.S.C. 185, as amend- ed; Secs. 302(b) and 504(a) of P.L, 94-579, October 21,1976, 43 C. 1732, 1764. APPLICATION INSTRUCTIONS ON REVERSE 1. Name (first, middle initrat. ind last) | Address (include zp code) Howard Grey & Assoc., Inc. NORTH SLOPE BOROUGH eee a po tecent 2. Give legal description of public lands for which you are applying TOWNSHIP [ RANGE section | SUBDIVISION The lands requested include a 200 foot wide section, 100 feet on either side of the proposed power transmission center line, lyjng on public lands between Barrow and Atqasuk. The center line location is illustrated on Figures No.1-1 through 1-14 of the attached right-of-way application. Meridian : State ] County | Acres (number) Umiat Alaska | - ' Approx. 750 3. Proposed date(s) of use: From June, 1981 to October, 1982 ae Are you 21 years of age or over? b Are you a citizen of the United States or have youdeclared “Yes TINo * your intention? XK] Yes [No As applicant, are you a (| Partnership (_! Association __, Corporation; __ Individual(s); or an agency of _ | Federal Government |_| State Government “X | Political subdivisiori of any state? d. Are the statements required by Instruction Number 2 attached? [Yes [ "No [X Not applicable . ay Are you making this application for your own use and benefit? _X} Yes [_]No (If “‘no."* explain) uw 6. Are the lands now improved, occupied, or used? “Yes TXINo (if “yes,"* describe improvements and pur- poses, identify users and occupants) 7a. What do you propose to use the lands for? Survey powerline alignment, examine soil and foundation conditions, construct powerline. Project described in the accompanying right-of-way application and environmental analysis. b. What improvements, including sanitation facilities, do you intend to make? (Describe improvements and attach drawings, if conventent) Power transmission line and related facilities as described in the accompanying right-of-way application and environmental analysis. T What is the estimated 'd. What is the proposed source of water for domestic or other uses? ¢. cost of proposed improve- | N/A ment? $ 5.7 million = 3. Have you enclosed filing fee of S10? __ Yes __ No (See Instruction Number 3) = = = I CERTIFY That the information given by me in this application is true, complete, and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief and is given in good faith. Howard J. Grey, Authorized Agent for the North Slope Bo ZZ 2 LLL fo <fa FRA GE ta crime for any person knowingly and »; fictitsous. of fraudulent st 0 any department or agency of within its jurisdiction. PERMIT Permission is hereby granted to of to use the following-described lands TOWNSHIP RANGE | SECTION [| SUBDIVISION Meridian State County Acres inumner’ for the purpose of 1. This permit is issued for the period specified below. It is revocable at the discretion of the authorized officer of the Bureau of Land Management, at any time upon notice. This permit is subject to valid adverse claims heretofore or hereafter acquired. 2. Permittee shall pay annually, in advance, to the au- thorized officer the sum of dollars as rental or such other sum as may be required if a rental adjustment is made. 3. Permittee shall observe all Federal, State, and local s and regulations applicable to the premises and to erec- lon or maintenance of signs ot advertising displays including the regulations for the protection of game birds and game animals, and shall keep the premises in a neat, orderly, and Sanitary Condition. 4. Use or occupancy of land under this permit shall com- mence within months from date hereof and shall be exercised at least days each vear. 3. Permittee shall take all reasonable precautions to prevent and suppress forest, brush, and grass fire and prevent pol- lution of waters on or in the vicinity of the lands. 15. Special Conditions: Permit issued for period and subject to the foliowing conditions: 6, Authorized representatives of the Department of the Interior, other Federal agencies, and game wardens shall at all times have the right to enter the premises on official business. 7. Permittee shall not enclose roads or trails commonly in public use. 8. Permittee shall pay the United States for any damage to its property resulting from this use. 9. Permittee shall notify the authorized officer of address change immediately. 10, This permit is subject to all applicable provisions of the regulations (43 CFR 2920) which are made @ part hereof. 11. Permittee agrees to have the serial number of this permit marked or painted on each advertising display erected or maintained under the authority of such permit. 12. Permittee shall not cut any timber on the lands without Prior permission from the authorized officer. 13. This permit is subject to the provisions of Executive Order No. 11246 of September 24, 1965, as amended, which sets forth the Equal Opportunity clau A copy of this order may be obtained from the signing officer. 14. This permit may not be assigned without prior approval of the authorized officer of the Bureau of Land Management. From To (Authorized Officer) (Tite) (Date) INSTRUCTIONS 1. Submit. in duoi:care, to any local office of the Bureau of Land Management having jurisdiction of the lands. 2. An application by a partnership or association must be accompanied by @ Statement by each member that he is a citizen of the United States or hes filed a declaration to become a citizen. An application by a corporation must de accompanied by a statement showing that the corporation is authorized to hold land in the State in which the land is located and that the person making the application is autho- rized to act for the corporation 3. If applicant is other than a Federal. State, or local gov- ernmenta: agency. this application must be accompanied by a Nonreturnable filing fee of $10 made payable to the Bureau of Land Management. 4. If this application is for permission to erect an adver- Using display or sign, the applicant must: (a) attach an accurate and fully descriptive diagram, sketch. or photo- graph (at least 3" « 5") of the sign or display to be erected showing the dimensions. type of construction, estimated cost, the advertising material to be included thereon, the plan of illumination, if any, and the manner of attachment to the land; and, (b) @ photograph (at least 3" « 5") showing the site on which the sign or display is to be erected. IN REPLY REFER TO United States Department of the Interior 2361 (290) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT F-81706 Fairbanks District Office P.O. Box 1150 Fairbanks, Alaska 99707 Pat Stidmon Howard Grey and Associates, Inc. 715 L Street, Suite 8 Anchorage, AK 99501 Dear Mr. Stidmon: This letter with attached stipulations authorize you to conduct the preliminary investigations along the proposed Barrow ‘to Atqasuk powerline as per your request of September 28th. :This permit expires November 30, 1983. Please note that you may be crossing three Native Allotments: F-931B, Elsie May Pikok Crow; F-14628, John Nayukok; and F-15514, Nina Nayukok. Additionally, you shall avoid impacting the traditional land use site located in the southeast quarter of Section 22, Township 14 North, Range 22 West. See attached map. Good luck with your program. Sincerely yours, TY) M. Thomas Dean Arctic Area Manager 2 Enclosures Encl. 1-Stipulations Encl. 2-Map Stipulations F-81706 All activities will be done by helicopter. No ground or amphibious vehicles may be used. All. activities shall be conducted so as to avoid or minimize disturbance to vegetation. All operations shall be conducted in such a manner as to not cause damage or disturbance to any fish, wildlife resource, or subsistence uses. All fuel containers used, including drums and propane tanks shall be marked with the contractor's name and date. All fuel spills shall be cleaned up immediately and reported to the Arctic Area Manager. All equipment, including fuel drums, canisters, and debris shall be removed upon expiration of this permit. The contractor will protect all survey monuments, witness corners and reference monuments against destruction, obliteration or damage. He will, at his expense, re-establish damaged, destroyed, or obliterated monuments and corners in their original exact position. The antiquities Act of June 8, 1906 (34 Stat. 225; 16 U.S.C. 431- 433) prohibits the appropriation, excavation, injury, or destruction of any historic or prehistoric ruin or monument, or any other object of antiquity, situated on lands owned or controlled by the United States. No historic site, archeological site, or camp, either active or abandoned, shall be disturbed in any manner nor shall any item be removed therefrom. Should such sites be discovered during the course of field operations, the BLM Arctic Area Manager for the Arctic Resource Area will be promptly notified. The foregoing provisions do not relieve the contractor or his sub- contractors of any responsibilities or provisions required by any applicable laws or regulations. Trad tional Land Use She olf 50d hems? nS cellars, hah Fuh \ 7 ; TL erté Sif x ais) \ : | \ 26 . ‘ l a \ \ ‘oo . FISATI ts N R/W 100" Apia \ . ¥ \ 1-604 ThVv “| Wa Aplin a . ‘| " We | \ ee “F15514 NW VY pat (SCR fl res hel i ie ; ; Qe 1We Certificate. _. of Bublic Conventence and Mecessity 290.254 Having found that the grantee of this certificate is fit, willing and able to provide the utility services applied for and that such services are required for the convenience and necessity of the public, the Alaska Public Utilities Commission, pursuant to the authority vested in it by AS 42.05, hereby issues this certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity to NORTH SLOPE BOROUGH d/b/a NORTH SLOPE BOROUGH POWER: AND LIGHT SYSTEM authorizing it to operate a public utility, as defined by AS 4205. 701 (2) (A) for she purpose of furnishing ELECTRIC SERVICE This Certificate is issued under, and subject to, the provisions of AS 42.05 and all rules, regulations and orders from time to time promulgated by the Commission governing the rates, charges, services, facilities, and practices of utility operations of the kind authorized herein. The specific nature, scope, terms, conditions and limitations of the authority granted by this Certificate, as amended to date, are set forth in the appendix hereto and in the following order(s) of the Commission which, by this reference, are incorporated’ in and made a part hereof as though fully set forth herein. Decket No. Date of Order {Docket Numbers and Orders are set forth in the attached aonendix under the 2ading “CHRONOLOGY".) IN WITNESS THEREOF, the undersigned members of the Commission have executed this Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity at <nchorage, Alaska on this 17th dayof January 1999 Alaska Public Utilities Commission APPENDIX A ~ Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity No. 254 granted to NORTH SLOPE BOROUGH d/b/a NORTH SLOPE BOROUGH POWER AND LIGHT SYSTEM DESCRIPTION OF SERVICE AREA: Village of Atkasook T13N _ | R21W Sections: 7, 18, and 19 T13N R22W - Sections: 12, 13, and 24 Village of Point Lay TSN RAS Sections: 25, 26, 35, and 36 TSN R44W Sections:~- 30, 31, and 32 City of Anaktuvuk Pass T15S R2E | Sections: 17 and 18 City of Nuigsut T1LON R4E Sections: 13 and 24 TLON RSE Sections: 18 and 19 City of Kaktovik TON R34E Section: 18 TON R33E Section: 13 City of Wainwright TISN R32W Sections: 13, 24, and 25 TLSN R31W Sections: 18 and 19 (All of the above in reference to the Umiat Meridian) City of Point Hope T34N R35W Sections: 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, oot 10, 11, and 12 (The above in reference to. the Kateel River Meridian) CHRONOLOGY: Original Certificate granted 1/30/79 (U-77-56 (3)) (APUC 254, App. A, page 1 of 1) STAVE OF ALASIC / o-snie son DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC FACILITIES 2301 PEGER ROAD FAIRBANKS, ALASKA 99701 INTERIOR REGION, DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION (907) 452-1911 RECEIVED OCT 1 4 1993 October 12, 1983 RE: Barrow. Airport Buried Power Line Howard Grey & Associates, Inc. 715 L Street, Suite 8 Anchorage, AK 99501 Gentlemen: Enclosed, for your review and signature, please find (1) copy of the above referenced Utility Permit. Please review the Special Provisions of this permit and if agreeable, sign and notarize both copies of . Page 5 of 5 and return it to me for final processing. Sincerely, Stephen C. Sisk, P.E. Highway Engineering Chief ea Bert Curwen Regional Permit Officer Northern Region BC:nh Enclosure PERMIT NO, 4-820324-83-154 . PAGE ONE. OF | 97 STATE OF ALASKA HEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC FACILITIES UTILITY PERUNIT Approval Reconnended: A LAMAWLED nate: Wcdeter J, 1903 TITLE: REGIONAL FERNIT OFFICER REGION: Northern SARA ACA AAA A Ae Re oe ene BeBe oe Ao coe ee ea ov ae co a SB A A A SR oo eR ogo eo eee A oe oe oS BO PR a Bk A THE STATE OF ALASKA, acting by and through the DEFARTHENT OF TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC FACILITIES, hereinafter called the DEPARTMENT, under provisions of AS 19.25.010 and AS 19.25.020, grants a Utility Permit to: NORTH SLOPE BOROUGH of: BARROW ALASKA hereinafter called the Fermittee, permission to construct, install and thereafter perform routine fnaintenance, use and operate a: BURIED FOWER TRANSMISSION LINE hereinafter called the facility, located as follows: ALONG AN EXISTING ROAD AS SHOWN ON ATTACHED HAPS across, along or under property of the DEPARTMENT, acquired and utilized in the operation and main- tenance of a State Transportation Systen, at the aforementioned locations and/or positions, and in strict conformance with plans, specifications and special provisions attached hereto and nade a part. hereof and not otherwise. In accepting this Utility Fermit for the facility, the Fermittee argrees to conply with the provisions of AS 19.25.010, AS 19.25.020, AS 02.15.020 and AS 35.05.040; the terns, requirenents and regulations as set forth in Title 17, Chapters 15 and 40 of the Alaska Administrative Code, as authorized under Adninistrative Frocedures Act AS 44.42.010 - AS 44.62.4650 and the applicable policies, directives and orders issued by the Conmissioner of the Department. The entire cost of routine maintenance operations of the Facility are to be paid for by the Pernittee, and said Facility shall comply with all applicable codes. PERMIT NO. 4-820324-93-154 The Fermittee*s construction, installation and maintenance operations of the Facility shall be accomplished in such a manner as to in no way interfere with the use, operation and maintenance of the Departnent’s public property, and be performed with the minimum interference and interruption of the Departnent use upon and along the public property, or as hereinafter provided in the Department’s Special Frovisions, attached hereto and made a part hereof, and shall at all times in no way endanger the general public in its use of the public property. The Department, in granting this Utility Fermit, reserves the right to use, occupy and enjoy its property for a public transportation system and for public transportation purposes in such a manner and at such times as it deems necessary, the sane as if this instrument had not been executed by the Department. If any such use by the Department shall at any tine necessitate any change in location or manner of use of said facility, or any part thereof, such change or alteration shall be made by the Permittee. However, the Permittee shall be reimbursed in full by the Department for all costs incurred by making such changes or alterations to the Facilities existing in the property as indicated in Exhibit (A). On public property being utilized for right of way on highways originally established as, or converted to, controlled access highways, ingress and egress thereto is limited to the location as designated by the Department. However, the Department may allow the Fermittee ingress and egress whenever such is necessary to effect repairs and maintenance of its facilities and when no other access is available. The State of Alaska and the Department of Transportation and Fublic Facilities for the purpose of the Utility Fermit, hereby disclaim any representation of implication to the Fermittee that it retains any title in any public property other than the interest conveyed to the Department for specific purposes as described by the instrument conveying the land to the Departnent. The waiver of any breach of any of the terms or conditions of this Utility Fermit or provisions of the Administrative Code, by the Department shall be limited to the act or acts constituting such breach, and shall never be construed as being continuing or a permanent waiver of any such term or condition, unless expressly agreed to in writing by the parties hereto, all of which shall retain in full force and effect as to future acts or happenings, notwithstanding any such individual waiver or any breach thereof. Only the Commissioner or delegated official of the Tepartnent shall have the authority to waiver any term or condition herein contained. PERMIT NO. 4-820324-83-154 PAGE __THREE. OF 5: The Permittee shall not assign or transfer any of the rights authorized by the Utility Fermit except upon notification to and approval by the Department. The Fermittee agrees to comply with all regulations concerning present or future use of the public property acquired with, or reimbursed by Federal Aid funds. The Permittee shall give the Department not less than (10) days prior written notice, unless other- wise agreed to by the parties hereto, of the Permittee’s intention to enter upon the Department’s property for the purpose of major maintenance or reconstruction, altering or removal of a Facility, provided, however, that nornal routine maintenance is excepted from this provision, and provided further, that in any instance of sudden emergency requiring prompt and immediate action to protect the public safty, or to mitigate damage to private or public property, no notification to the Department will be required for any work, and shall notify the Department and the Alaska State Troopers of the location of the emergency and extent of work required by the most expeditious means of communication as soon as reasonably possible to do so, and the Fermittee shall take such measures as are required to protect the health and safty of the public for the duration of such emergency operations. The Permittee agrees to forever indemnify the State of Alaska and the Department, or either of then, including its agents and contractors against and save then harmless from all liability for damage to property, or injury to or death of persons, including all costs and expenses incident thereto arising wholly or in part from or in connection with the existence of construction, alteration, maintenance, repair, renewal, reconstruction, operation, use or renoval of the said Facility as it pertains to the State property. The Permittee agrees to reimburse the Department of Transportation for actual costs of inspection and testing as required during the performance of the work proposed by the Fernmittee. The scope of inspection and testing shall be determined by the Regional Utility Engineer. The costs to be billed the Permittee will be the actual Department’s costs incurred while performing the inspection and testing. The Permittee agrees by entering on the Departments property to indennify the Department of Transportation and its contractors of all costs tangible or intangible that would be the result of any delay in a construction project of the Department’s caused by work done under this permit. The Fernittee is subject to all previous’ easements and Utility Permits and any damage to any other utility will be the Permittee’s responsibility. PERMIT NOs 4-820324-83-154 FAGE _ FOUR. OF 51 The Fervittee agrees to be responsible for the strict compliance of all applicable Federal, State, and local laws, regulations, codes and, ordinances. The Fermittee agrees to be responsible for obtaining all other appropriate pernits or letters of non- objections needed from Federal, State, local agencies or lessees. The Permittee may be required, within thirty (30) days after conpletion of any improvement placed upon or in the premises herein, deliver to the Department as-built drawings showing the location and construction specifications of said improvement. This Utility Permit is issued under the provisions of applicable Alaska Statutes and Administrative Code effective as of the date of execution of this instruction by the Department. The Permittee agrees that the Facility will be constructed in accordance with the attached: A. plans dated i , consisting of 2. Pages ai ; which, by this reference, are nade a part hereof. SPECIAL FROVISIONS SARA AAO ACER A A AAR ER SE A ASA CE AEA AACE A EEA ES SSE SE SSCS SESE ASS AoE ES oo oa oe THE PERMITTEE SHALL BURY THE LONGITUDINAL FACILITY AT A MINIHUH DEFTH OF 3 FEET BELOW THE GROUND SURFACE. PERMANENT DURABLE MARKERS SHALL BE FLACED AT 1,000 FOOT INTERVALS AND ALL FOINTS OF DIRECTIONAL CHANGE. THE PERMITTEE SHALL LEAVE THE RIGHT OF WAY IN A CLEAN CONDITION ACCEFTABLE TO THE DEFARTNENT. THE PERMITTEE SHALL NOTIFY THE DEPARTMENT 48 HOURS FRIOR TO COMMENCING WORK. THE NUMBER TO CALL 452-1911, EXT. 264. INTERMITTENT ONE-WAY TRAFFIC WILL BE ALLOWED, FROVIDED FROPER SIGNING AND FLAG PERSONS ARE UTILIZED. In congideration of the benefits accruing to the Permittee by reasons of the foregoing agreement, this said agreement is hereby accepted by the Permittee, and the said Permittee hereby agrees to comply with all of the terms, provisions, conditions, and stipulations therein contained. Dated this 7th day of _November » 1993 _ - THE COMPANY OR PERMITTEE ” Title authorized Agent, N.S.B. Title Attest ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF COMPANY OR PERMITTEE STATE OF ALASKA ) JUDICIAL DISTRICT) DE IT REMEMBERED that on this #4“ day of Plowemter , 19 &% , before me, the undersigned, a Notary Public of the State of Alaska, personally appeared Mrward 9 tg — : and both to me personally known and known to me to be the Tdenti- cal individuals named in and who executed the foregoing per- mit, and acknowledged the said instrument to be the free and voluntary act and deed of the above named company for the uses and purposes therein expressed and on oath stated that they were authorized to execute said instrument. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and affixed the Seal of my Office the day and year first above written. tay My Commission Expires: Y24/ 07 SUR BM My s hte Teta KN Notary Public Page Ss of Ss Permit No. £-820324-83-/S4 The State of Alaska, acting by and through its Department of Transportation has caused this Utility Permit to be executed on the day and year herein acknowledged below. STATE OF ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION By —— === Title Chief, Aviation Design & Construction DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENT STATE OF ALASKA ) : JUDICIAL DISTRICT) N BE IT REMEMBERED that on this day of = 19 , before me, the undersigned, a Notary Public of the State of Alaska, personally appeared of the Department of Transportation known to me to be the identical person who executed the foregoing Agreement and he acknowledged to me that he executed the same for and on behalf of the State of Alaska, Department of Transportation with full authority so to do, and for the uses and purposes therein expressed. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and af- fixed the Seal of my Office the day and year above written. My Commission Expires: A Notary Public Federal Highway Administration Bureau of Public Roads INDEX Introduction 1-1 Proposed Action 1-2 Project Description 2-0 Description of Existing Environment 2-1 Physical Characteristics 2-1.1 Climate 2-1.2 Physiography 2-1.3 Geology 2-1.4 Permafrost 2-1.5 Seismicity 2-1.6 Soils 2-2 Biologic Ecosystems 2-2.1 Vegetation 2-2.2 Invertibrates 2-2.3 Mammals Caribou 2-2.4 Avifauna 22000 |Fish 2-3 Cultural Characteristics 2-3.1 Archeological and Historical Resources 2-3.2 Land Use 2-3.3 Transportation 2-3.4 Subsistence 2-3.5 Recreation 3-0 Assessment of Potential Impacts 3-1 Impact Unon Physical Environment 3-2 Impact Upon Biological Communities 3-2.1 Vegetation - Permafrost 3-2.2 Invertibrates 3-2.3 Mammals - Caribou 3-2.4 Avifauna 3-2.5 Fish INDEX (continued) 3-3.0 Impact Upon The Existing Culture 3-3.1 Archeological and Historical Resources 3-2.2 Land Use 3-3.3 Transportation 3-3.4 Subsistence 3-3.5 Recreation FIGURES 1-1 | ee -4 1-5 1-6 Ly 1-8 -9 1-10 1-11 -12 ns 1-14 -15 -16 he 1-18 1-19 2-1 2-2 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 2-8 2-9 2-10 2-11 2-12 2-13 2-14 Powerline Route, 1 Powerline Route, 1 (B-4) (A-4) (A-5) River (D-2) River (D-3) River (C-3) River (B- River (D-4 5 Barrow Barrow Barrow Meade Meade Meade Meade Meade Meade River (D- River (C- Wainwright (C- Meade 3) ) 5) ) 1) Wainwright -2) Transmission Line :250,000 :250,000 Topographic Map Map Map Topographic Topographic Topographic Map Topographic Map Topographic Map Topographic Map Topographic Map Topographic Map Topographic Map Topographic Map Topographic Map Target Structure With With With With With With With With With With With With Transmission Line Large Angle Structure Transmission Line Transmission Line Medium Angle Structure Smal] Angle Structure Powerline Powerline Powerline Powerline Powerline Powerline Powerline Powerline Powerline Powerline Powerline Powerline Revision to Powerline Route - UIC Lands, Insert A Average Temperature Maxima and Minima Average Precipitation Average Snowfall Frequency of Occurrence of Precipitation Wind Data Physiographic Provinces of Alaska Geologic Map, Northern Alaska Loess Deposits Of Alaska and Sand Dunes In Northern Alaska Permafrost In Alaska Subsurface Ground Temperatures Relative To Depth Effect Of Subsurface Features On The Distribution Of Permafrost Seismicity - Alaska Soils Of The North Slope Of Alaska Vegetation Habitats On The North Slope Of Alaska Route Route Route Route Route Route Route, Insert C: Atqasuk Route Route Route Route Route & B: Barrow Area FIGURES 2-15 2-16 2-17 2-18 2-19 2-20 2-21 2-22 2-23 2-24 2-25 2-26 2-27 2-28 2-29 2-30 2-31 2-32 2-33 2-34 2-35 2-36 TABLES 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 continued) Endangered Plants In Vicinity Of Proposed Transmission Line Caribou Herds of Alaska Winter Range And Spring Migration Route Of Caribou Arctic Herd Summer Range And Fall Migration Route Of The Caribou Arctic Herd Dabbling Duck Distribution And Density Diving Duck Distribution And Density Whistling Swan Distribution And Density Geese Distribution And Density Loon Distribution And Density Ptarmigan Distribution And Density Arctic Tern Distribution And Density Shorebird Distribution And Density Gull Distribution And Density Jaeger Distribution And Density Critical Habitat Of The Arctic Peregrin Falcon Locations Of Known Archeological Sites On North Slope Of Alaska Land Withdrawals, North Slope Land Ownership, North Slope Native Allotment Applications Distant Early Warning Stations (Dew Line) On The North Slope Of Alaska Traditional Land Use Sites Sand And Gravel Sources Avian Affinity Of The North Slope Avian Affinity With Sedge-Grass Marsh Environment Avian Affinity With Tussock-Heath Tundra Habitats Avian Affinity With Tundra-Lacustrine Water Edge Habitats Avian Lacustrine Water Habitats Historic And Archeological Sites Subsistence Resources Harvested In The Arctic Slope Native Region INTRODUCTION iy Enclosed herein is a right-of-way application and environmental analysis for a proposed power transmission line between the villages of Barrow, Atqasuk and Wainwright. This application is being submitted on behalf of the North Slope Borough to the Bureau of Land Management in accordance with the provisons of 43CFR2802.3 of the Federal Lands Policy and Management Act of 1976. The right-of-way application is being submitted prior to the completion of all field work and line design in order that review of the environmental analysis by the various agencies involved can commence. As I am certain you can appreciate, sufficient lead time is required for construction projects in northern Alaska to take advantage of the seasonal modes of transportation. The information contained herein was compiled by Howard Grey & Associates, Inc. primarily from existing data gathered by various Federal, State and local agencies as well as private companies. 1-1 PROPOSED ACTION The North Slope Borough and the participating village corporations are seeking the right-of-way permit in order to eliminate the on-site diesel generators at Atqasuk and Wainwright, thus reducing some of the extreme high costs associated with their operation and maintenance. The electricity delivered to the villages will be supplied by separate waste heat recovery units operating off the main Barrow generating plant. The construction of the line will therefore enable diesel generated electricity to be replaced by inexpensive power derived from previously unused surplus heat. This application details the construction of a powerline between Barrow, Atqasuk and Wainwright, a total of about 133 miles. However, only that portion between Barrow and Atqasuk, some 77 miles, will be constructed initially. The remainder of the line, connecting Wainwright, is about 62 miles and will be constructed at a later undetermined date. a The approximate location of the line is shown on the small scale maps, Figures No. 1-1 and 1-2, and on the larger scale topographic maps, Figures No. 1-3 through 1-14. Exact distances and bearings along each line segment will be furnished coincident with the cadastral survey. There may also be slight variances in the alignment due to poor soils or other physical conditions en- countered during subsequent studies. The soils investigation and foundation design will be undertaken prior to construction. This study will consist of soil sampling along the proposed route at intervals sufficient to obtain representative information of surficial deposits. 1-2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION A feasibility report completed by Jack West Associates compared the cumulative electrical costs of the transmission line to the option of staying with the currently used village diesel generators. This study indicated that the construction of a transmission line has definite economic advantages and would actually become cheaper than diesel power by the year 1990. A summary of this report is presented in Appendix B. The two types of transmission lines considered were a conventional three wire overhead line and a single wire earth return (SWER) overhead line. No consideration was given to an underground line because of the problems associated with permafrost. Although more expensive, the North Slope Borough has chosen the three wire Overhead system. It was selected due to the greater flexibility and ease of inter-connection to the existing electrical network over the SWER system. In addition, the SWER line is still experimental across frozen ground and has never been attempted for the distances needed for this project. Figure No. 1-15 through 118 illustrates the three wire line design. PHYSICAL DESIGN The proposed line will utilize wooden poles with vertical insulators constructed at 138 KV insulator and NESC code standards. However, the initial operation will probably be at 24.9 KV. Preliminary design of the powerline and associated equipment is as follows: Poles: 50 to 60 feet long, Class I or II Span Length: Approximately 600 feet Conductor: Linnet 336 KCM 26/7 ACSR Conductor Height: Highest: 45 feet Lowest: 24.6 feet minimum assuming a maximum voltage of 115 KV Conductor Sag: 12.7 feet, calculated at 120°F Conductor Tension: Designed for 14,100 pounds. Actual tension will not exceed 50% of design Minimum Clearance: 24.6 feet Vibration Damper: To be specified The above mentioned specifications, as well as other design features, are tentative and still in the planning phase. Variations and additional information on the design’ is provided in the report prepared by JWA: The powerline is to be designed to NESC heavy loading conditions, to resist external pressures up to 26 pounds per square foot. This design will withstand wind and ice conditions more severe than those experienced on the North Slope. The poles will be set approximately 10-12 feet deep (dependent upon results of the soils investigation) in pre-drilled holes and backfilled with an adfreeze slurry. These measures will prevent frost jacking and in most cases eliminate the need for guy wires and anchors. Final engineering and design plans: are ‘provided in the. report prepared by JWA, : CONSTRUCTION METHOD Construction of the line will be performed during the winter. Anticipated materials staging areas will be at Barrow, Wainwright, and two locations along the coast (Figures 1-5 and 1-10) that are suitable for barge landings. The poles, conductor and other accessories will be transported from the staging area to locations via overland vehicles.. Supplemental transport using helicopters may also be necessary to aid in construction. The insulators will be attached prior to erection of the poles, either at the staging area or at the pole location site. The poles will be set in holes pre- drilled by a Nodwell mounted with a Highway auger. Poles will be set using surface equipment and a ground crew. Helicopter support may also be utilized. Conductor wire will be installed after the poles have been set and the adfreeze slurries have frozen. The conductor will be strung using combination of surface equipment, ground crew and helicopter. The construction crew will consist of six to eight men. Accommodations for the crew will be in either Barrow or Atqasuk, depending upon the proximity to the work site. The proposed route (Figures No. 1-3 through 1-14) is located at least two miles inland. This route was selected to minimize the visual impact along the much travelled shoreline and to avoid the more environmentally sensitive coastline. 2-0 DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENT The purpose of this section is to present a brief description of the existing physical, biological and cultural environments along the proposed transmission line route. For the most part, the construction and maintenance of the line will have little to no affect upon existing conditions and only a summary is in- cluded with this report. However, where the construction of the transmission line may significantly affect environmental systems, the discussion of both the existing environment and the mitigating measures are elaborated upon. The statements and data presented, in most cases, is taken from or modified from existing information on the North Slope prepared by various governmental agencies and private concerns. 2-1 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 2-1.1 CLIMATE On Alaska’s North Slope, meteorological data is sparse. Data from two weather stations, Barrow and Umiat, is used to generalize the climate along the proposed transmission line. Recorded temperature extremes are listed below. Average monthly maximum and minimum temperature data is presented in Figure No. 2-1. RECORDED RECORDED YEARS OF STATION MAX. ° F MIN. ° F RECORD Barrow 78 -56 54 Umiat 85 -63 9 ‘In the Arctic, most precipitation comes as snow. Arctic annual snowfall amounts to about 30 inches and has a water equivalent of 3 to 12 inches. Snowfall can occur any month, but generally it is least in July and greatest in October and November. Once the snow has fallen, it is re-distributed by the wind, causing bare ridge tops and drifted valleys. Figures No. 2-2 through 2-4 summarize precipitation data for Barrow and Umiat. Winds on the Arctic Coastal Plain are predominantly easterly and generally persistent. A general average yearly wind velocity is about 10 miles per hour with 25 mile per hour winds occuring 3 to 10 days each month. Occasionally, there are intense storms out of the west, resulting in winds to 55 miles per hour. Wind data at Barrow and Umiat are shown in Figure No. 2-5. 2-1.2 PHYSIOGRAPHY As illustrated on Figure No. 2-6, the North Slope of Alaska is divided into four sections of which only the Teshekpuk Lake sections of the Arctic Coastal Plain Province will be discussed herein. The proposed transmission line is entirely within the Teshekpuk Lake section of the Arctic Coastal Plain. This province extends from the Arctic foothills north of the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas. It is basically a flat, featureless plain of low relief with elevations ranging from 600 feet at the southern boundary to sea level at the northern boundary. The primary drainage direction is northerly. nS || - Rivers meander slowly in valleys incised up to 300 feet. The Teshekpuk Lake section is characterized by marshy ground and thousands of elongated lakes, many of which are oriented in a N.15° W direction. The lakes vary up to 20 feet deep and are from a few feet to 9 miles in length. The poorly drained appearance is due to the continuous permafrost which underlies the entire province and prohibits ground water movements or the absorption of water to depths greater than the active layer. (Generally 12 to 18 inches) Ice-wedge polygons cover the coastal plain. Between the Kuk and Colville Rivers there are areas of longitudinalsand dunes 10 to 20 feet high, oriented in the pre- vailing wind direction from N.55° to 75°E£. (Figure No. 2-8) The coastline between Wainwright and Barrow is regular, with few embayments. The only offshore bars are in the Pt. Franklin-Peard Bay area. Between Wainwright Inlet and Tachinsek Inlet, coastline relief is 10 to 20 feet. To the northeast, in the section known as Skull Cliff, the escarpment approaches 50 feet. Further northeast, the cliffs diminish to under 20 feet then grade into the surrounding land surface in the vicinity of Barrow. 2-1.3 GEOLOGY Stratigraphy of the Arctic Coastal Plain can be summarized as 10 to 150+ feet of unconsolidated quaternary marine sediments overlying nearly flat cretaceous aged sedimentary rocks. The unconsolidated deposits covering the proposed transmission line route belong to the Gubik Formation. These quaternary deposits are mainly noncalcareous and consist of layers or lenses of gravel, sand, silt and clay. The deposits were laid down in a shallow sea environment which was subject to numerous alterations of sea level. The Gubik deposits, although primarily marine in nature, have been reworked by alluvial, lacustrine, eolian and frost processes. A thin layer of surface peat covers most of the Arctic Coastal Plain. A generalized surficial geologic map of Northern Alaska is presented in Figure No. 2-7. Eolian deposits cover large areas of the Artic Coastal Plain. These deposits are mainly west of the subject area, but some sand dunes will be crossed by the proposed route. Figure No. 2-8 illustrates the loess and sand dune deposits of Alaska. The stabilized dunes of the North Slope are primarily of middle to late Pliestocene Age, principally derived from glaciofluvial deposits. The sand dunes are vegetated and have an east-northeast orientation, corresponding to the prevailing wind direction. The dunes are longitudinal, parabolic and muli- cyclic in shape, with lengths varying up to 1.5 miles. Depths are generally 10 to 20 feet. Present eolian activity on the Arctic Coastal Plain is mainly in the same area as previous activity, east of the proposed transmission line. Present sources of eolian deposits are blowouts along rivers, flood plains, deltas and beaches where unvegetated material caneasily be removed. The eolian activity of today is relatively minor when compared with the vast deposits of the older stabilized dunes. 2-1.4 PERMAFROST As shown on Figure No. 2-9, the proposed transmission line lies entirely within the zone of continuous permafrost. Permanently frozen ground will be experienced everywhere except under large, deep thaw lakes. The temperature of the “permafrost will vary, but is generally expected to be around +10° F at about 50 foot depths. Subsurface temperatures will vary seasonally and with depth. A generalized correlation of subsurface temperatures and depths is illustrated on Figure No. 2-10. The depth of permafrost varies from a high of about 1000 feet in the Barrow area to 0 feet under the large deep lakes. The active zone, the upper portion which thaws during summer months, is generally from 12 to 18 inches thick. However, it may extend deeper, depending upon localized conditions. The depth and extent of the rivers and lakes will influence the permafrost table. Shallow lakes will completely freeze during the winter months and will be directly underlain by permafrost. Deep lakes, 7 feet or greater in depth, generally do not completely freeze and will have a thaw bulb beneath the lake. Under some large, deep lakes, the permafrost may actually disappear. Figure No. 2-11 displays the effects of surface features on the underlying permafrost. 2-1.5 SEISMICITY Most seismic activity in Alaska is related to fault zones associated with the shifting continental plates. The North Slope is far removed from any recorded active faults of Alaska and therefore, subject to very little seismic activity. As illustrated in Figure No. 2-12, the powerline route is located in seismic zone #1, which is classified as having a minor probability of seismic activity. There has been no reported seismic activity in the vicinity of the proposed transmission line. 2-1.6 SOILS Soils along the Arctic Coast are generally poorly developed, fine grained and covered with a layer of tundra type vegetation. The Arctic Coastal Plain is divided into three distinct areas as shown on Figure No. 2-13. The major soils that will be encountered during construction of the proposed transmission line are tundra and bog soils. Arctic brown soils and dune soils will also be encountered to a lesser degree. TUNDRA SOIL This is the most common soil of Northern Alaska. It mantles most of the flat to undulating landscape north of the Brooks Range. During the summer months, this soil thaws to about 12 inches. Most tundra soils are silty and are predominantly acidic. Four major horizons are generally recognized in tundra soils. The surface organics, an upper mineral soil, a buried organic layer, and a frozen loamy substrate. The tundra soils cover a wide range of condition and have been further divided into upland tundra soil, found on sloping topography, and a meadow tundra soil which is found in flat areas and basins. BOG SOILS As much as 20% of the Arctic Coastal Plain is covered by bog soils. Bog soils usually consist of slightly decomposed fibrous peat mixed with silts. The soils are almost always acidic. Bog soils are found in low, flat areas with many having their origin as lagoon and lake deposits. Bog deposits generally range from a few feet to about 30 feet thick. The permafrost table is usually very shallow in these soils. ARCTIC BROWN SOILS The Arctic brown soil is well drained and is found on the crest of beach ridges. The soil consists of a thin organic layer over gravelly-sandy-loam. Vegetation usually consists of willow, lichen and mosses. The active layer in the Arctic brown soils is relatively deep and while polygonal ground is associated with this soil, frost action does not appear to be as active as in tundra or bog soils. DUNE SOILS Dune soils consist of a well drained loamy-sand over loose sands of variable thickness. Buried soils are commonly encountered under the dunes. Low shrubs are generally associated with these deposits. The permafrost table in the dunes may be 6 feet or greater in depth. -9- 2-2 BIOLOGIC ECOSYSTEMS This section deals with the existing flora and fauna communities that inhabit the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska. Each biotic community is presented separately for convenience. But, in reality, communities interact with each other and with their physical environment to provide their life habitat. 2-21. VEGETATION On Alaska's North Slope seven major habitats can be identified by distinct plant communities. In this report, we are only concerned with two of these seven habitats: the wet and mosit tundra over which the entire proposed power transmission line will be constructed. Figure No. 2-14 delineates these vegetative environments. WET TUNDRA Wet tundra is the primary community of the Arctic Coastal Plain. This community is dominated by several species of sedges which make up about 75% of the total vegetation. Numerous species of moss grow in the understory, but few lichens are found in the wet tundra. Secondary species include cotten grass, lousewort and buttercup in wetter sites, while heather and purple mountain saxiflage grow jin the raised drier habitat such as the ridges and hummocks. The important plants of the wet tundra community are as follows: LICHENS and MOSSES Mosses Sphafnum spp. GRASSES and SEDGES Cottongrass Eriophorum angustifol ium Sedges Carex spp. Juncus Juncus biglumis Rush Luzula arctica HERBS Marsh marigold Caltha palustris arctica Snow buttercup Rannunculus nivalis Purple mountain saxifrage Saxifrage oppositfolia - 10 - Bog rosemary Andromeda polifolia Cloudberry Rubus chamaemorus Lousewort Pedecularis paruiflora pennellii SHRUBS Four angled heather Cassiope tetragona Willows Salix spp. Cranberry Vaccinium vitis idaea MOIST TUNDRA A substantial portion of the Arctic Coastal Plain is covered by moist tundra. Cottongrass tussouks, 6 to 10 inches high, separated by narrow channels, cover the majority of the moist tundra environment. Mosses and lichens grow in the moist channels between the tussocks. Short grasses and herbs may be found on small frost boils. The other major plants growing with the cottongrass include small shrubs and herbs. The important plants of the moist tundra habitat include: LICHENS and MOSSES Mosses Sphagnum spp. GRASSES and SEDGES Sedge . Carex Bigelowii Cottongrass Eriophorum vaginatum HERBS Mountain avens Dryas spp. Cloudberry Rebus chamaemorus Bistort Polygonum bistorta plumonsum Stiff stemmed saxifrage Saxifraga hieracifolia SHRUBS Dwarf birch Betula nana exilis Willows Salix spp. Labrador Ledum palustre decumbens Crowberry Empetrum nigrum hermaphroditum Locally, some woody species may occur along water courses and flood plains disecting both the moist and dry tundra habitats. The numerous lakes of the Arctic Coastal Plain provide an environment for aquatic vegetation. : Arctic freshwater vegetation includes three types of vegetation: phytoplankton, dT seed plants and small algae. The important plants comprising the freshwater flora include: Diatoms Bacillariophyceae (Class) Golden algae Chrysophyceae (Class) Cryptomonads Cryptomonas sp. Rhodomonas minuta Dinoflagellates Dinoflagellata (Class) Green algae Blue-green algae Chlamydomonas sp. Pyramidmonas sp. Ankistrodesmum sp. Cyanophyta (Phylum) Mare's tail Hippuirs vulgaris Pendent grass Arctophila fulva Pondweeds Potamogeton spp. Crow foot Ranunculus pallasii Burreed Sparganium sp. Sedge Carex aquatilis Cottongrass Eriophorum scheutzeri Marigold Caltha sp. Foxtail Alopécurus sp. Tundra grass Dupontia fishceri THREATENED AND ENDANGERED PLANTS Found in the vicinity of the proposed power transmission line route are two varities of plants that are included in "threatened and endangered plants of Alaska", published in 1980 by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Department of the Interior. The endangered classification is being requested for MERTTENSIA DRUMMONDII and SALIX OVALIFOLIA variety GLACIALIS. An endangered plant is defined as one whose extirpation is possible throughout all or a significant portion of its total range. MERTTENSTIA DRUMMONDIT: (Lehm.) G. Don Drummon bluebell, MERTTENSIA LANCEOLATA var. drummondii (Lehm.) B. Beivin. In Alaska, this plant is only found on sand dunes along the Meade River. This species is also found in Canada, from Victoria Island and Dolphin and Union Straits. This plant is unique to other species of MERTTENSIA in:Alaska but is very similar to two species found in the southern Rocky Mountains. -—}2—~ SALIX OVALIFOLIA: var. Glacialis (Andress.) G.W. Argus. This Arctic willow has been found in sandy-soils at Barrow, Collinson Point, Camden Bay and on the Meade and Topagoruk Rivers. Argus (1973) described this plant as "a distinctive local variant which may prove to have some phytogeographic or evolutionary significance." There is inter- gradation between the plant and var. Arctolitoralis and there is no clear discontinuity between the two varities. Figure No. 2-15 shows the presently known locations of these two endangered taxon. 2-2.2 INVERTIBRATES The moist and wet tundra of the Arctic is heavily populated with invertibrates. The vast numbers of mosquitos and flies are important in the lifecycle of migratory birds. Parasites also help control animal populations. Maximum mosquito populations occur in mid-June. The most important groups of invertibrates present on the Arctic Coastal Plain include: INVERTIBRATES : Spiders and mites Arachnida (Class) Insects Insecta (Class) Flatworms Platyhelminthes (Phylum) Roundworms Nematoda (Class) 2-2.3 MAMMALS There are relatively few varities of mammals that inhabit the wet and moist tundra environments of the Arctic as compared with more moderate habitats. All mammals occuring in the Arctic Coastal Plain are especially adapted to live in the cold climate. Populations of the small mammal are generally cyclic in nature, fluctuating at 3 to 5 year intervals. The populations of the larger mammals, such as the caribou, also appear to vary over long periods at irregular intervals. -13- The most common mammals are the lemmings, but the most important mammal and the only one discussed in detail in this report is the caribou. A list of the mammals occupying the wet and moist tundra is as follows: MAMMALS Shrews Soricidae (Family) Arctic ground squirrel Citellus parryi Lemmings and voles Cricetidae (Family) Wolf Canis lupus Arctic fox Alopex lagopus Red fox Vulpes fulva Grizzly bear Ursus arctos Weasels Mustelidae (Family) Wolverine Gulo luscus Caribou Rangifer tarandus Musk ox Ovibos moschatus CARIBOU There are thirteen major herds of caribou in Alaska (Figure No.2-16). The Arctic herd which occupies the northwest portion of Alaska, including the subject area of this report, is the only herd that will be discussed herein. The Arctic caribou herd is currently increasing in population. In 1970 there were approximately 242,000 animals. This number decreased to about 100,000 in 1975 and then to a low of some 75,000 in 1976. Since then, the herd has increased to about 140,000 in 1980 (Alaska Department of Fish & Game, personal communication). The factors contributing to the population fluctuation are the subject of much controversy. These factors include, but are not limited to, hunter harvesting, predation, disease and condition of grazing lands. Caribou are always in motion, and they exhibit both a pattern and periodicity in their movements. Caribou do not normally move in large compact herds. Occasionaly they will gather in larger herds of thousands, but these seldom persist. Migration between summer and winter ranges along well defined routes bring the caribou together. Dispersion is greatest in late summer and mid-winter. The principal winter range of the Arctic herd is in the Boreal Forests south of the Brooks Range. When snow depths do not limit movement and feeding, most of the cya 2 herd moves well into the forests. When snowfall is heavy or severe, and crusting occurs south of the Brooks Range, the caribou remain in the mountains or on the Arctic Slope. Regardless of the severity of the winter, some caribou always remain on the Arctic Slope. These animals are usually located along the coast where the strong winds have uncovered the ground for feeding. During the winter, December through February, the caribou are relatively sedentary ad move about less than at any other time of the year. The Spring migration to the calving grounds begins in March, the caribou cross the passes in the mountains. and hills once. the snow has dissipated. The caribou use the most direct route when migrating to the calving grounds. The animals that wintered over on the North Slope usually begin moving to the calving ground a few weeks to a month later than those who wintered further south. The major calving area is located at the headwaters of the Colville, Ketik, Meade and Utukok Rivers. This calving area consists of foothills and upland meadows, 500 to 2,000 feet above sea level. Snow recedes from this area before adjacent sites and the cottongrass is available for feeding when the caribou arrive. The calving period usually extends from about May 25th to June 25th. However, these places and dates may vary since there are always exceptions to caribou movements. The winter range and spring migration routes are illustrated on Figure No. 2-17. By mid-June the caribou begin leaving the calving grounds. By now the plants on which the caribou feed are growing and the insects are thriving. The caribou move in a large circular pattern over the entire North Slope. They are believed to follow this circular route to feed on the various plants of the North Slope. During mid-summer, the animals are in their greatest agitation, constantly harrassed by insects. They are often found in small groups on wind swept ridges and only when the wind and cool temperatures offer relief, can they disperse, feed and rest. The fly season ends in early August and the caribou can feed uninhibited at this -15- time. By late August, when they are dispersed over the entire Arctic Slope, they begin to migrate to the winter range and by September only a few animals remain on the tundra. The summer range and the fall migration routes are shown on Figure No. 2-18. 2-2.4 AVIFAUNA There are currently 190 species of birds that make up the avifauna of the North Slope of Alaska. Although this number sounds high, it is actually significantly lower than the number of bird species known to utilize more southerly latitudes. Of this total, 78 species are regular breeders and 22 species breed on an irregular basis. An additional 13 species are commonly encountered during migrations, but do not breed on the slope. There are 9 species that have adapted to live yearlong. The remaining 77 species are classified as visitors or stragglers, usually having strayed from adjacent breeding grounds to the east or west. A list of all birds known on the North Slope are included in Table No. 2-1. Total spring populations on the North Slope have been estimated to be about 1 million ducks, over 100,000 geese, 1,000 whistling swans, over 5 million shore birds and 20 to 30 million passerines. The Arctic Coastal Plain is dominated primarily by waterfowl and shore bird species, having an affinity for the wetlands. Figures No. 2-19 through 2-28 illustrate the distribution and densities of the most common avian species utilizing the Coastal Plain and their proximity to the proposed powerline route. There are 38 species who are regular breeders and 16 other species who are occasional breeders on the Arctic Coastal Plain. These are separated into the various groups of birds as follows: SPECIES GROUP REGULAR BREEDER OCCASIONAL BREEDER Marine 0 ] Waterfowl 16 4 Raptors ] 1 Ptarmigan 0 ] - 16 - Crane Shore bird Gulls and Jaegers Song birds 0 13 5 3 oon— Most species of birds exhibit certain associations with specific types of envirnoments. Tables No. 2-2 through 2-5 list species affinity toward the specific habitats which are the dominate type found along the proposed power transmission line. The important birds associated with the moist and wet tundra environments include: BIRDS Loons Whistling swan Pintail O01 dsquaw Steller's eider King eider Spectacled eider Marsh hawk Snipe Pectoral sandpiper Baird's sandpiper Dunlin Long-billed dowitcher Semipalmated sandpiper Red phalarope Jaegers Glaucous gull Arctic tern Snowy owl White-fronted goose Sabine's gull Raven Lapland longspur Snow bunting Gavia spp. Olor columbianus Anas acuta Clangula hyemalis Ploysticta stelleri Somateria spectabilis Lampronetta fishcheri Circus cyaneus Gallinago gallinago Erolia melanotos Erolia bairdi Erolia alpina Limnodromus scolopaceus Ereunetes pusillus Phalaropus fulicarius Stercorarius spp. Larus hyperboreus Sterna paradisea Nyctea scandiaca Anser albifrons Xema sabini Corvus corax Calcarius lapponicus Plectrophenax nivalis Those birds which have adapted to winter-over on the North Slope are: common raven, gyrfalcon, willow and rock ptarmigan, snowy owl, black guillenot, redpolls, ivory gulls and Ross's gulls. The first birds to arrive from southerly wintering grounds, usually before and during spring breakup, are the waterfowl, shore birds and passerines. Raptors also arrive early, before most of the other species, to establish their territories. Some birds, especially loons, whistling swans and snow geese -17- that arrive in late May and early June, stop only briefly on their way to other breeding grounds in Alaska, Canada or Siberia. There are two primary migration routes. The coastal route, which parallels the seacoast, is followed mainly by eiders, other waterfowl, shore birds and marine birds. This route comes north along the coast to Pt. Barrow where most birds turn to follow the coast to eastern Alaska and Canada. The inland migration route which moves through passes of the Brooks Range, most notably Howard and Anaktuvak Pass, is used by waterfowl, raptors, ptarmigan, shore birds and passerines. Most spring arrivals become summer residents. The breeding birds nest in the wet- lands while non-breeding individuals occupy coastal areas. Upon completion of breeding, most adults join the non-breeders along the coast before migrating south. Most species have migrated south to wintering grounds by September, but the actual times depend on climatic conditions. Unusually cold spells have been known to kill vast quantities of birds, as in 1964, when an estimated 100,000 eiders died. ENDANGERED SPECIES There is only one species, the Arctic Peregrine Falcon, found on the North Slope of Alaska, that is listed by the U.S. Department of the Interior as being endangered. As described in Tables No. 2-1 through 2-3, the activities of the Peregrine Falcon are mainly confined to the foothills and mountains although they are known to forage for food in wetlands. The proposed critical habitat area for the Peregrine Falcon is illustrated on Figure No. 2-29. As shown, these areas are far removed from the powerline route. 2-2.5 FISH Since the proposed power transmission route will be entirely inland, only fresh- water fish are considered in this report. Because of the shallow nature of the lakes and ponds on the Arctic Coastal Plain, most are void of fish. =18 = Only lakes deeper than 6 feet that do not totally freeze can support fish life. One recent survey reported less than 50% of the lakes contain fish and only 20% " contain more than one variety. Data on the lakes of the North Slope is very limited, but it can be assumed that the primary fish occupying the lakes are ninespine. stickleback, slimy sculpin, Arctic grayling, Arctic char, round whitefish and lake trout. Arctic rivers and streams are inhabited by anadromous fish migrating between over- wintering locales and spawning grounds. Arctic char, various cisco and whitefish are the most common of the 13 varities that are known to occupy rivers at various times of the year. Arctic grayling, unlike the anadromous fish, inhabit the inland waters. However, the grayling and other freshwater fish of the Arctic also migrate extensively between wintering sites, spawning grounds and food resources. Rivers in the vicinity of the proposed powerline that are known to be or have potential to be anadromous streams.are: the Inaru, Meade, Kugrua, Kungok and Kuk. No threatened or endangered species of fish are known to exist in the streams of the subject area. 2-3 CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS 2-31. ARCHEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL RESOURCES Known archeological and historical sites of the North Slope have been identified by the Office of History and Archeology, a subpart of the Division of Parks, within the Alaska Department of Natural Resources. Figure No. 2-30 and Table No. 2-6 list all known sites within the vicinity of the proposed powerline. A cultural resources assessment: study was.commissioned for the powerline. A. separate report by the:Alaska Heritage Research Group, Inc. identifies: all- known Lor sites in the near vicinity of the powerline route. 2-3.3 LAND USE Prior to statehood in 1959, the majority of the land on the North Slope was under Federal jurisdiction, administered by either the military or the Bureau of Land Management. Since, statehood selections, ANCSA selections and wildlife withdrawals have altered the land ownership. Figure No. 2-31 shows the current land with- drawals. The proposed powerline route, although still preliminary, will cross lands under the jurisdiction of the various village corporations, the regional corporations and the Federal government. As of this date, most of the lands selected by the villages and regional corporations have not been transferred. The approximate powerline mileages over specific lands are as follows: APPROXIMATE POWERLINE APPROXIMATE TOTAL LAND AREA SURFACE OWNER MILEAGE (mileage x 100 feet) Ukpeagvik Inupiat Corporation 23.5 miles 284.8 acres Atqasuk Village Corporation 2.5 miles 30.3 acres Olgoonik Village Corporation 14.0 miles 169.7 acres UIC Selected Lands 1.25 miles 15.2 acres Public Lands Administered by Bureau of Land Management 91.25 miles 1106.1 acres Respective selections are illustrated on Figure No. 2-32. All subsurface rights on lands within NPR-A, which includes the powerline, are public owned and under the jurisdiction of the Federal government. A number of applications have also been made for 160 acre parcels under the Alaska Native Allotment Act of 1906. The location of said parcels are shown on Figure No. 2-33. At this time, all applications shown, except one, have been rejected because of the pre-dated reserve status of NPR-4. The villages that will be served by the power transmission line are Barrow, -20- Atqasuk and Wainwright. Barrow is the largest village on the North Slope, with a population of about 3,400 (including Browerville). Atgasuk, located about 55 miles south of Barrow, along the Meade River, is a newly re-settled town with a population of under 200 people. Wainwright is located some 90 miles southwest of Barrow, along the coast. The village has an estimated population of 425 people. Most of the residents of the North Slope reside within the organized villages. There are no known residences, along the proposed powerline, outside of the villages. However, some seasonal fishing camps may be within the general vicinity. There are 7 active and 10 inactive distant early warning stations (DEW Line) along the Arctic coast. As shown on Figure No. 2-34, an inactive station at Peard Bay (Liz C) and an active station at Wainwright (Liz 3) are along the proposed route. Most of the land on the North Slope is used by the local residents for subsistence hunting, fishing and trapping. This is discussed in Section 2-3.4. There are numerous sites that are used for traditional purposes. These specific sites are identified on Figure No. 2-35. The North Slope of Alaska is a sedimentary basin, with the important mineral resources being oil, gas, coal, sand and gravel. Metallic minerals of the mountains in the Brooks Range are well known, but deposits on the Coastal Plain have received very little attention. The oil and gas potential of the North Slope is well known. As of this time, however, the major discoveries have been in lands east of the proposed line. Coal beds underlie most of the Coastal Plain, including the major portion of the route of the proposed transmission line. The coal is cretaceous, grading from subbituminous to a bituminous coal toward the foothills Province. Mail Coal outcroppings occur at both Atqasuk and Wainwright, and coal was mined near Atqasuk between 1944 and 1964 as a fuel source for heat at Barrow. The coal reserves have not been totally evaluated, but recent estimates indicated that some 13 billion tons of bituminous and 97 billion tons of subbituminous coal have been identified as reserves. Undiscovered, possible reserves have been estimated at between 934 billion and 2.8 trillion tons. The coal generally has a very low sulfur content and a caloric content ranging from 8,000 Btu to 14,000 Btu. Sand and gravel deposits are also very important to the development on the North Slope. These construction materials are used extensively.to construct road bases, airstrips, buildings, drilling pads and to make concrete. Figure No. 2-36 identifies the known gravel sources on the western portion of the North Slope. Eolian sands may also be suitable for certain construction requirements, but none are currently being utilized. Phosphates and oil] shale are also known to occur on the North Slope, but there has been no substantial work to determine quantity or quality. 2-3.3 TRANSPORTATION The dominant mode of transportation to and from Alaska's North Slope is by air. Commercial flights serve both Barrow and Deadhorse on a daily schedule. Smal] charter aircraft generally transport people and light cargo. Heavy or bulky cargo can also be transported to the villages by Hercules type aircraft, which land on frozen lakes during the winter months only. All villages on the North Slope have airstrips and many communities are currently upgrading their airstrip facilities. Barrow and Deadhorse, as well as other communities situated along the coast are also accessible by barge, which operate during ice-free periods, normally from E agile mid-July to mid-September. The Trans-Alaska Pipeline Haul Road is the only road connecting the North Slope to the Alaska Highway system. The road is used to supply the oil industry at Prudoe Bay and is not totally open to the public. None of the communities on the North Slope are inter-connected by roads. There are studies which indicate the feasibility of building roads, but there are no plans for construction at this time. Overland transport of people by snowmachine and cargo by tractor sleds is common between villages. However, this is only possible when the ground is frozen and covered with snow. Between Atqasuk, Wainwright and Barrow, there are a few routes which are generally used for this purpose. These routes are identifed on the topographic maps showing the proposed powerline route. (Figures No. 1-3 through 1-14) 2-3.4 SUBSISTENCE The present economy of the residents of the North Slope is a combination of both subsistence and cash economics. Cash input comes in various forms: State, Federal and local government employment and programs; ANSCA money; and jobs with private companies provided through a strong local hire practice. Subsistence activities have declined in recent years and seasonal employment has increased. Average time consumed by subsistence is 3.9 month per year, while wage employment is 5.1 months per year. Subsistence, however, still represents a substantial portion of the economy. Hunting and fishing not only provide food but help preserve the traditional culture. The entire area of the North Slope is used for subsistence harvests. The area surrounding the proposed pipeline is used primarily for caribou and water- fowl hunting. A list detailing the type and quantity of resources harvested by 5 villages on the North Slope is presented in Table No. 2-7. The list includes totals for - 23 - Wainwright and Barrow, but not Atqasuk. It should also be pointed out that the residents of smaller villages depend on subsistence much more than the residents of Barrow. As shown, the important species are the caribou, bearded seal, hair seal, walrus and Baleen whale. 2-3.5 RECREATION The primary recreational activities enjoyed by the residents of the North Slope are those associated with subsistence hunting and fishing. For nonresidents, recreation is very limited due to lack of facilities and the climate. Qutdoor activities enjoyed by nonresidents include hiking, boating and hunting in the foothills and mountains. Tourism in Barrow is the only important activity on the Coastal Plain. 3-0 ASSESSEMENT OF POTENTIAL IMPACT This section addresses the probable impact that the proposed action will have on the existing environments described in Section 2. 3-1 IMPACT UPON PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT The construction of the proposed power transmission line will have no affect upon the items classified under "Physical Description." A description of the existing climate, physiography, geology and soils was in- cluded to indicate the type of environment to be crossed and the special conditions that exist from a construction point of view. The only element in this section that could possibly alter, due to the construction, is the permafrost table depth which is discussed along with vegetation in the next section. ~ 24-= 3-2.1 VEGETATION - PERMAFROST Construction of a transmission line on the North Slope will be unique to most other areas, since no tree felling or trimming will be required. In some localized areas, such as stream crossings, some high brush may be encountered. This will be cut to appropriate lengths whenever necessary. As described in Section 2-21., the predominate vegetation in the subject area is low in grasses and sedges. Mosses and other low plants, together with the surface organic layer, protect the underlying permafrost. To mitigate surface disturbances, and therefore preserve the subsurface permafrost, construction will be performed in the winter when the ground is solidly frozen. Construction technique, as described in Section 1-2, will probably consist of a combination of helicopters and surface tracked vehicles. The use of wide tracked vehicles specifically designed for transport across frozen tundra during winter months is common practice on the Arctic Coastal Plain. Correct use of this equip- ment results in little to no detrimental impacts to traversed lands. No road will be built to service the powerline, therefore continuous traffic is not anticipated. However, overland vehicles have a tendency to follow rights- of- way. The residents normally travel between villages on snowmachines and it is predictable that in the future they may follow the powerline route. Snowmachines have traversed the tundra in the past with no major affect and we see no adverse affects from future use. As shown on the topographic map of the proposed route, a large portion of the powerline parallels established tractor trails. Future continued use by tracked vehicles may compress or destroy some of the vegetative cover and subsequently degrade the underlying permafrost, resulting in ruts or a depression in the surface. However, with the frequency of use by the tractor/sleds, which is very low, we believe that the adverse impact will be minor and may even be nonexistent. -25- ENDANGERED PLANTS As detailed in Section 2-2.1, there are two plants being considered for in- clusion in the endangered classification by the Department of the Interior. At the present time, MERTTENSIA DRUMMONDII and SALIX OVALIFOLIA var. GLACIALIS are classified as sensitive by the Bureau of Land Management. It is difficult to pinpoint all locations of these plants, but it is known that they inhabit sand bars along the Meade River and might also be found on adjacent sand dunes. These plants are considered endangered because they are found on sandy material that is desirable for construction purposes. The proposed powerline should not affect the status of these plants because it will not encounter their primary environment on the Meade River. From Atqasuk the line follows either existing tractor trails or crosses wet tundra, which is void of either endangered plant. Some "virgin" sand dunes may be crossed approximately 3 miles west of the Meade River and between there and the coast- line. Due to the limited extent of these plants, it is unlikely that either plant will be encountered by the powerline. Even if encountered, the type of construction should not adversely affect the plant's environment. No excavation will be under- taken during construction of the powerline. SALIX OVALIFOLIA var. GLACIALIS is also found in sandy soils in the Barrow area. Generally, these soils will not be crossed and no adverse impact is expected. 3-2.2 INVERTIBRATES The invertibrates of the North Slope, primarily mosquitos and flies, are very important as a food source for numerous bird species. Their primary habitat is the lakes and ponds by the wet tundra. No aspect of the powerline construction or maintenance will influence the proliferation of these insects. - 26 - 3-2.3 MAMMALS The only mammal considered in this report is the caribou because its prominence is important compared with other mammals living on the Slope. Construction of the powerline will be during the winter, the: time at which the caribou population is at it's minimum. As illustrated on Figure No. 2-17 and 2-18, the powerline is far removed from migration routes and the primary breeding grounds. The line does, however, cross lands used by the caribou for summer feeding. The entire North Slope is used for feedings by the widely wandering caribou. As demonstrated by the Trans-Alaska Pipeline, caribou do not avoid man-made structures and adjust their habits to the new structures. The powerline will have a minimum clearance of 24.6 feet, with poles spaced some 600 feet ‘apart. It is unlikely that the powerline will alter any of the caribou's grazing habitat or feeding habits. The caribou herd is presently increasing in population. The construction and maintenance of the transmission line will have no adverse impact upon their population. 3-2.4 AVIFAUNA The overall affect of overhead transmission lines on avian behavior is not yet fully understood. This section of the report will attempt to summarize and correlate existing information to predict the probable impact of the proposed transmission line on the various bird species. that visit the North Slope. Transmission lines appear to have two major affects on bird behavior: physical and electromagnetic. There are very few studies on the affects of the electro- magnetic effects of powerlines on bird behavior, but there is evidence that when local magnetic fields are disturbed the orientation of some birds is slightly affected. The magnetic disturbance produced by powerlines is generally localized and extends but a few yards from the line. The line will not affect birds flying well above the line and since the powerline does not cross the major migratory S207 routes, the electromagnetic affect should be negligible. The physical impacts include both electrocution and wire strikes. Electrocution will not be discussed, since the number of birds that are electrocuted appears to be very low. The actual wire design, as illustrated in Figures No. 1-15 through 1-18, will greatly reduce the chance of electrocution. There is no controversy that the major impact of transmission lines is wire strikes. There is also no question that bird collisions will occur along the proposed powerline. The proposed powerline route crosses major avion resting and nesting habitat. Figures No. 2-19 through 2-28 illustrate the major bird species and their concentrations that will be affected by the powerline. It must be remembered that the majority of the birds visiting the Coastal Plain frequent near shore environment, using it as either a staging area or resting site enroute to other breeding grounds. These individuals will not be impacted by the powerline. The greatest impact will be on the waterfowl population breeding on the wet tundra. Shore birds. will also be impacted, but since their numbers are much greater and their value is generally considered less than that of the waterfowl, they will not be discussed separtely. The wet tundra is not a favorable habitat for Raptors, Cranes, Ptarmigan and song birds and the powerline will therefore have a negligible impact upon these species. The Peregrine Falcon, an endangered species, may be an infrequent visitor to the wet tundra environemnt. Figure No. 2-29 illustrates their critical habitat, and as shown, it is far removed from the subject area. The powerline does not cross the major migratory route of the waterfowl. However, as many birds disperse at the end of their migration, they must cross the line to reach inland habitats. - 28 - The percentage of bird fatalities due to collisions with wires or structures is impossible to ascertain, but all estimates are very low. This, however, could still have a major impact if the victims were sensitive or endangered species. Almost all species of birds have been known to have collided with wires or structures. Impacts normally occur when the birds are startled or distracted and during times of poor visibility. The powerline wire height will be about 50 feet. Waterfowl normally will fly above this height except when departing or landing and during poor weather conditions. Nocturnal flights account for a great number of collisions. Birds utilizing the North Slope arrive at a time when there is very little to no darkness, thus, reducing the chances for wire strikes. The powerline will, when totally complete, affect a wetlands corridor measuring some 120 miles by 200 feet or about 4.5 square miles. This is a relatively insignificant amount of land when considering the total ‘lowland... habitat that is used by the waterfowl, some 23,000 square miles. The line will, however, due to its linear nature, affect more territory than that of its actual route. Waterfowl have been known to avoid areas impacted by powerlines and other man- made structures. Often this will have an impact by withdrawing vital lands necessary for specific functions. This will not be a consideration here because of the vast amount of land that is available. In fact, it may be desirable if the powerline were avoided by the waterfowl, subsequently reducing the number of wire impacts. Nesting waterfowl are not concentrated in small areas, but are wide- spread over the entire wetland habitat. This and the fact that there are no major flight corridors crossed by the powerline should minimize wire impacts. The type of powerline design also affects the number of bird strikes. The three wire vertical design (Figure No. 1-15) will be more visible than other designs and the poles will, for the most part, be self-supporting, thus eliminating any static lines. Guy wires actually account for a relatively higher percentage of collisions since they are thinner and more difficult to see. - 29 - The habitat along the powerline will be basically inaccessible during peak avian population periods, thus external stresses on the breeding species should be negligible. Often the selection of a route which bypasses sensitive areas will greatly re- duce wire impacts. For this area, there is no viable alternative route. The entire area,inlcuding the villages and interim lands lie within the avian habitat. Taking everything into consideration, there will be some bird strikes along the powerline, but it will be a very low percentage of total birds present. There are few, if any, mitigating measures that could alleviate this impact. Over a long period of time, regular bird mortality should be low but there may be occasions, irregular in time, when poor weather and visibility may account for an unusually large number of wire strikes. Bird mortality of any type must be considered, but it should be viewed in the proper perspective. The actual percentage of wire strike deaths is very low, even when compared to other man-made causes. The diagram below graphically illustrates the relationship of mortalities due to wire strikes and other cuases. wine STRIKES oTMeR mam=CAUSED MORTALITY (PMESEAT) NATURAL MORTALITY omer MAN- CAUSED RORTALITY \ (FUTURE) HUNTER MARVEST (Modified From Sharma, 1976) - 30 - 3-2.5 FISH The proposed powerline will cross some streams identified as being important to anadramous fish, but the line will totally span these streams. The powerline will parallel and in some cases, span smal] lakes. There will be no siltation due to construction and the line will not impact fish in the streams, rivers or lakes. No poles will be set in lakes or ponds. 3-3.0 IMPACT AND MITIGATING MEASURES ON EXISTING CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS 3-3.1 IMPACT ON ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SITES All presently identified archaeological and historical sites in the vicinity of the Powerline are presented in the report Prepared by the Alaska Heritage Research Group. The report also outlines all special precautions which must be followed during construction. In summary, the report states that the planned construction methods pose no threat to identified cultural resources. 3-3.2 IMPACT ON EXISTING LAND USE As detailed in Section 2-3.3 and Figure 2-32, the powerline will cross lands owned by five different organizations. The three village corporations, the Arctic Slope Regional Corporation, as well as the North Slope Borough Assembly, are all cooperating in this project and have agreed to permit the powerline to cross these lands. Letters of concurrence are presented in Appendix B. The powerline crosses in the vicinity of lands selected under the 1906 Native Allotment Act. The exact location of these parcels has not yet been determined by the BLM. The proposed powerline route does not cross any of the Native Allotments except where it follows an existing ROW in section 7, T22N, R18W, U.M.. This parcels belongs to both Elsie May Pikok Crow and Lester Suvlu and is shown on Insert A. Most traditional land use sites in the vicinity are along the Meade River and will -31- not be in conflict with the powerline. The powerline will not interfere with either of the military Dew Line stations. The line will be built 1% miles from Liz C at Peard Bay and about 3 miles from Liz 3 at Wainwright. The powerline will not adversely impact any present or future mineral development. The line will be of sufficient height to not impede movement by exploration vehicles. No sand and gravel sources will be used in the construction of the transmission line. 3-3.3 IMPACT ON TRANSPORTATION The only foreseeable impact the powerline will have on transportation is the possibility of increased use along the right-of-way. The proposed route, over much of its course, will follow existing tractor trails. The wetlands are currently used by snowmachines or especially equiped tundra vehicles. The amount of travel between the villages involved is unknown, but probably not high. The powerline may provide a desirable corridor for travel, but should not cause a substantial increase in overland travel. The powerline will be a landmark to follow and should make travel between the villages safer in storms or in case of breakdowns. 3-3.4 IMPACT ON THE SUBSISTENCE LIFESTYLE The impact of the powerline on the subsistence lifestyle is difficult to determine. As detailed in Section 3-2.3, there should be no adverse impact on the caribou or on any of the hunting, fishing or trapping practiced by the residents. A more subtle impact may be experienced simply by the introduction of additional technology into the isolated villages, particularly Atqasuk and Wainwright. However, all of the villages and residents have been exposed to numerous other improvements. The electrical plants now in use in Atqasuk and Wainwright - 32 - experience numerous failures and considerable downtime. This powerline will add dependability to their existing electrical service. All of the villages concerned have indicated their approval of the proposed project. 3-3.5 IMPACT ON RECREATION With the limiteduse received by the lands involved in this project, there will be a negligible affect on its recreational value. There are no rivers that are popular for float trips or canoeing that are crossed by the powerline route. The line will have no adverse affect on hunting and may actually help to increase activity by providing an easily followed snowmachine route. - 33 - APPENDIX A LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES *: Deadmans Islanc SCALE 1: 250000 10 5 3 } = 2 a t = Ss 2 z © “ty 0 1 o. soy. I Wiley Post Memorial PROPOSED TRANSMISSION LINE BARROW-ATQASUK WAINWRIGHT Mee MAP A U.S.G.S. Barrow and Meade R iver From FIGURE NO. 1-1 126 a Vey V4 Eluksingfak a ‘ \ PROPOSED POWER TRANSMISSION LINE BARROW-ATQASUK-WAINWRIGHT ® h—~ gra. 1-2 FIGURE NO. MAP B From: U.S.G.S. Meade River and Wainwright 10 15 KILOMETERS, 10 SCALE 1:250000 6 100% nieay 2 r UNITED 8TATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY er + as jd + . 7 ‘ E 2 C - 0 — ~ . 6 ; ; a) ! t ‘ : ¢ - ; 6 ! “ — . + Bey + + —— b 2." ; 2 \ 1 loa PainmmianT sm Mapped by the Army Map Service Published for civil use by the Geological Survey Control by NOS / NOAA ane USCE Topoerephy by tesen sn 1955 Selected hydvow sonic ant outy CONTOUR INTERVAL 50 FEET OASHEO LINES REPRESENT 25 FOOT CONTOURS WAOMAL GLOOENC VERTICAL OATUM OF 1929 (0 SOUNDINGS 1K FEET—OAIUM 1S MEAN LOWER LOw WATER stione! purpones 1927 Norn ‘QUADRA LOCATION AprROMIMATE MEAN ena OCCLIMATION, 1968 FOR SALE BY U 8 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY FAIRBANKS, ALABKA 99701, DENVER, COLORADO 80225, OR RESTON. VIRGINIA 22082 A FOLOLR DESCRIBING TOPOGRAPHIC MAPE AND SYM@OLL I AVARABLE OM REQUEST BARROW (B 4) QUADRANGLE ALASKA HORE DOPE Be mount 163860 SERIES TOR GRAPIIC) feet oe mein ' ead t . oe ROAD CLASSI ICATION Unmpumd 34. BARROW (B-4), ALASKA NTIS wise18/ 15 «36 199s FIGURE NO. 1-3 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BARROW (A 4) QUADRANGLE ALASKA.-NORTH SLOPE BOROUGH 1:63 360 SERIES (TOPOGRAPHIC) 30° Ve0.000 reer Mapped by the Army Map Service Published for crnl use by the Geological Survey Control by USCAGS ane USCE ¢ Topo4'sphy by photogrammetric methods Wom sere! photoareone i had checked — a fo. CONTOUR INTERVAL 80 FEET arora sta compe rom USCAGS Chat 464 (19841 \ asta unt 3 REPRESENT 78:F00T COMIOURE : ? mai, GEOL VERTICAL OATUM OF 182% . Taner Heratrprvection 1927 Nowtn Amanicn datum : 1 at tae : a Ne inate system, sone 6 , tener in 1958 Field annotated 1955. May formation it net intended lor nen Unvvers 10,000 toot grid baved on Alnsni 1000 meter Universal Traneearse M Gary tre hres rarenant wrung snd vremartad incabone predetermined by the Bureau of Land Manspement Foe U5. Umvat Meriden Erte wre lone etten Merona! Petros Resaret Ata Lane etevations are uncheced onal purposes 22h 2 ys = (MEADE RIVER DBA ivw Rie SCALE 163360 ROAD CLASSIFICATION Weg tens, nom 4 shown a ive BtcknaTO. ME FOR SALE BY U. 8 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ‘ooamoct ono BARROW (A~4), ALASKA FAIRBANKS, ALASKA 90701, DENVER, COLORADO 80276, OR RESTON, VIRGINA 22002 M7100 —W15618/18% 36 Seams in prtayad. cate Onty the wetter seman [A FOLDER DESCRIBING TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS ANO BYM@OLE IB AVALABLE OM MEOUSET ie88 vom of tm rol be eprotd om Saat pawns semon atc 1979 There mey be prrete ihahdige wen the heunerin f he Metronet a Lett reeretiore shown oat mae, FIGURE NO. 1-4 yg 8 asin UNITED STATES nia a BARROW (A 5) ausUKANGLE . UEPARIMENT OF THE INTERIOR re o ALASKA < 163360 SERIES |TOPUGRAMHI » GEOLOGICAL SURVEY soy S208 SPECIAL PRINTING . Contours ond eeodiond srmbots om:ties “4 “ 09 p tbs} : : L AME 0 lot vaboo vant 2olimdaoe niven bai , 3 ipa see Mapped by the Army Map Service ©” Published for cml use by the Geological Survey | Ps ; a ROAQ CLASSIFICATION *, Se e Control by USCA paces iat i a * in 1958, hase ; ; om a o H / COntouR iMitavaL $0 FEET - 0 . he . ARE UME AUPALSLMT 28 FOOE CONIOURS ~S ae " new H i o aM SER LEVEL . 7 hai if DEPTH CURVES AND SOUND! [C1 DATUM 1S MEAM LOWER Low WATER vant roto tan oan tee 7 srrmoumalt tan 7 — CONDAAMOL \AcATOM BARROW (A-5), ALASKA DECLINATION. 1968 [ FOR BALE BY U 8 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 6 7100~ W15654/15 x 36 FAIRBANKS, ALASKA 99701, OENVER, COLORADO 80225, OR WASHINGTON. D C 20242 ‘8 FOLDER OLSCMBING TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS ANO BYMBOLS IB AVAILABLE OM MEOULET 18 mat Te peed sat ye ht pe rm ond cement yor steered 10 weet aggmaons pose mate etaeas on the Macs of the mip, Sag ar oy he 1 oe mcTUMN TO ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION ENGINEER U8 oLoLoaicaL suRvEY PRDURAL CENTER, BEAVER, COLORADO, 80298 See esse ae FIGURE NO. 1-5 Tle Organuiavion ALALKA 163.560 SERIES (TOPOGRAPHIC MEADE RIVEIC (U2) UU AUKALGLE UNE STATES DEPAKEMENT OF THE INE Livi GEOLUGICAL SURVEY x Thea! MEADE RIVER (D-2), ALASKA 7045-19636. 15% 36 FIGURE NO. 1-6 “- UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MEADE RIVER (D-3) QUADRANGLE ALASKA 1:63 360 SERIES (TOPOORAPHIC) GEOLOGICAL SURVEY isrrae (BARROW 4:4) 20, = 71°00" 1 ¥ 4 AY Be hy ye, ty 4 aenae with re La aes Published for civil use by the Geological Survey Mapped by the Army Map Service Contiel by USCAGS ond USCE ROAD CLASSIFICATION Teale Tapegrepiy by prolagrammelix methods Irom seril photographs 5 8. 38 H 33 Ef z z 3 2 z 3 3 DASHED LIMES A fend cheched a Compuled hom USCAGS Chart 0463 (1966) Thie salocmation 18 not intended fer navigational purposes Univertal Transverng Mercator proection 1927 North Americen datum 10,000 toot grod bated on Alaska coordinate mystom. sone 6 Laer i 1988, held ennolated LIKE Map net elected hpdsogr epic FEET DATUM 1B MEAN LOWER LOW WATER MEADE RIVER (D-3), ALASKA 6 7048—W15712/18%36 1988 FOR BALE BY U 8 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY FAIRBANKS, ALASKA 99701, DENVER, COLORADO 00228, OR WASHINGTON, D.C. 20242 A FOLDER DESCRIBING TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS AND SYMBOLS 18 AVALABLE ON REQUEST Lond nas 1epresent unturveyed ond unrparhed locations predetermined by the Bureau of Land Management, Fouo U8, Umuet Mendion 1000-matar Universal Transearse Mercalas 914 UChs, sone 4, shown te blue Knvre aren bas wothin Maral vleum Ror 4 FIGURE NO. 1-7 hes pt tent te yu et yu aad oom 1 you eterna a1 ot eet sugguaons ploane Hate (neta on Lace fe ma. tg od Po UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MEADE RIVER (C-3) QUADRANOLE 1:63,360 BERIE8 (TOPOGRAPHIC) $40 000 FET oa ay Mapped by the Aimy Map Service Pubiistied for civil us@ by the Geologie! Survey Control by USCAUS and USCE Topography by photogramen. tic metnods tom senat photogs. pbs akan 1955, hid annota'ed 1955. Map vot lid checaed Unwersal Teaneverse Mercator projer.son 127 Nouth Americar: datum 1U.0xs1o0t gid baned on Alaska coordinate sysienn, 4008 6 1000-meter Univarnal Tranaverne Mercator gd ticks, Lon 4, showa n bive Land lines represent unsurveyed and unmarhed locations Dreceiarmred by the Buregu of Land Management Fone US Umval Merduan Ene roe hae waitin Naval Petvoloum Reserve No. 4 Laka elevations re uncheched Apraounale HLM DECLINATION, 1968 CONTOUR INTERVAL 50 FEET DASHLO LIMES KEPMESLMT 7-FOUT CONTOURS, QATUM 1 APPROKINATE MEAM SEA LEVEL FOR. SALE BY U.8 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PAIRBANK®, ALASKA 99701, DENVER, COLORADO 80275, ON WASHINGTON, D C. 20242 (A FOLDAN DLSCMOINE TOPOGAAPYAC MAPE AND SYMBOL 18 AVAKLABLE ON MEQUEST ROAD CLASSIFICATION MEADE RIVER (C-3), ALASKA © M7030-—W1 8712/1636 ‘FIGURE NO. 1-8 6-1 “ON 3undIs = ‘ spay xo rim ona om sures mre EOE seer Bvz0z “DO 'NOLDNIHSYM YO 'S2ZZ08 ODYYOIOD WIANID 10L66 WHSV IV ‘SUNVOMIVS 9EXST/Z1LGIM— SIOLN AIAUNS TVIID010ID & NAB F1VS HOS yuSV Ty (c-@) YAAIN SCVaW oud A hud) S9796N An ionve: 1u) Aq peusniand pur perp3 eur ta pede one FUT TOS LOE =v yarn 10W3r0 et saty Tove __ eit ra ABAYNNB T¥DIOOIOSO e "CoMavADOHOL S3IN3S 096 691 vuswiy MOIMSLNI SHL 40 LNSWILMYdAT TIONvadyND (¢ 8) HFAId JOVSW NOLLITHHOD OL LITA IE SALVLS GFLINN MOON AINV ACE Atqasuk Village Site Plan FIGURE NO. 1-9, INSERT C UNITED STATES . MEADE RIVER (D 4) QUADRANGLE ALASKA EPA GEOLOOICAL SURVEY 163.80 SERIES (TOPOGRAPHIC) ; “a ere soma 220 f or a bn rere : . yur 1°00 rej pom— NE . « ‘ ‘ - a 8 : a . ¥ : y ton veut P| ‘msgpnom yore r0"45" Varae k Dayne dian @ Mapped by the Army Map Service be. ee Published for civil use by the Geolug ~*! Survey “a, Control by USCAGS ang USCE ROAD CLASSIFICATION Topography by photogrammetric metnod sal protograne . tea Taw S Seccted mrdvonre <Savse vees 1958) SO UnwereetTiemneone wart cunt 5 ‘Qunoaancit cation MEADE RIVER (D-4) ALASKA FOR SALE BY U 3 GLOLOGICAL SURVEY W7045—W15 740/186 TAIRBANKS, ALASKA 99701, DERVER. COLORADO 80225, 0R WASHINGTON. 0 C 20242 an 1A FOLDAM DESCRIBING TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS #.) BYMBOLE IB AVALABLE ON REQUEET Lake slevelions sce uncheched NOTE peanmmmeeremes FIGURE NO. 1-10 yee bares 11018 oF ew sagan pina mae metaean on tha ace of he ma ag tn rer te copy ene 18 sare SPECIAL PRINTING Contours ond mectiond mbes ometted omen UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY “00 29100" £ MEADE RIVER (D 5) QUADRANGLE ALASKA 1:63 360 SERIES (TOPOGRAPHIC) 10" reg ho “MEADE MIVER Oa) woy nes id 7 y teen Mapped by the Army Map Service Pub shed for cil use by the Geological Survey by USL LEHANE USCE 102) m . metic dipinads Wom sersaf protograune Maled 1958 Map not teid checked SCAGS Crort 9462 (1986) a! purposes wrafetun 1927 Month American detum DEPIN COMMS AND FOR SALE BY U 8 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY * “uacace AIVER C-8 CONTOUR INTERVAL 50 FEET DASHED LINES REPRESENT 28-FOOT CON’ OAIUM IS MEAW SER LEVEL WUMOINGS IN -TEET OATUM IS MEAN LOWE LUM WATER we ye t yo FAIRBANKS, ALABKA 99701, DEMVER, COLORADO 80225, OR WABHINGTON, DC 20242 ‘A FOLOER OABCRIBING TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS ANO BYMBOLE 18 AVAKABLE OM REQUEET mE tee ee a gee ee mae ee ROAD CLASSIFICATION %, No 10808 oF Wass o9 Uh aren * MEADE RIVER (0-5), ALASKA 1M 7045-— 1362471536 FIGURE NO. 1-11 ul yee ney Oe wet § ~ y yr a UNITED STATES 7 MEADE RIVER (C 5) QUADRANGLE ‘ DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ALASKA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY iT rs 1.63 360 BERIES (TOPOGRAPHIC) e Z <7") op” : J * - : os +307 be i : 7 :] fit? mya ~“Y ve | netic diver eal The eae \’ Mapped by the Army Map Sernce 4% Published tor cil use by the Geological Survey , ot ae Cental wy USCAGS ond USCE £ r go . ROAD CLASSIFICATION Topeg anny by pretogremmetiic methods trem 4 a. sarel pactag’ tone totam 1966, hid ennetated 1986 , fi Tats Wy Map nat nd choca CONTOUR INTERVAL 80 FEET Xv y DARED LINCE REPRESENT J8-FO0E COMLOURE . Unmareat anew ee Mercator proven } Datum Ih APPAGRIMATL MEAN BLA LAYEL i 102) ets Amarcen datum 4 10.000 boot grt boned on Aleshs coordinate system. sane & 1000-mater Unicel Trenmarne Mercator gin che prone tae La pene 6 thee on Bia eackination. ee ‘mom oeuron MEADE RIVER (C-5), ALASKA 7 ee eee eee cee eau aes ieee FOR BALE BY U 8 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 4 7000—wi 5424/18» 36 ond hae sbouin acerere tad ener iocatans FAIRBANKS, ALASKA 98701, DENVER, COLORADO 80238, OR WASHINGTON. D.C. 20868 \ Foxe U6, Uae! ee Tn . . A FOLDER DESCRIBING TOFOBAAMHNC MATE AND SYMBOLS 16 AVARARLE OM BEQUEST \ ld ate ores at atin Navel Petroleum Reserve Me. 4 (one etetions are unchecked a (Pn preet cent te pe fr ps ee cement ercuea a enmnel||||| SLGURE NO. |t—12 0 aan 1 Wy sen biel L Te MERIBCT TO CORRECTION WAINWRIGHT (00 1) GUALKANGLE UlMtLD STATES AL AKA UePAKIMENT OF ETT 1.63 SbU SERIES (TOVUGKAPHIC, ‘ GEOLOGICAL SURVEY se eet ‘ Tg TeADe RIVER CoS: now al (519 7 10) ieee Howe Rom IU) q ySawaunlwmiater ot 1) “Mapped by the Atiny Map Sersice AME Luanas . ad Edited and published by the Geological Survey iy. : 7 7 eset ey ee Ma Me 7 ROAD CLLASSINCATION ®, ‘ A ’ a te, . ‘ “ (Mu roads or trats ot thoy aren , I) Lee is “canon .ocaton WAINWRIGHT (C-1), ALASKA FOR SALE BY U8 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 1N7030-—w13900/15436 TAINMANKS, ALASKA 99701, DENVER. COLORADO. 80225, OR WABHINGION. DC 70242 A FOLDER OLSCHIBING TOPOGHAPHIC MAPS AND SYMBOLS IB AVALABLE ON REQUEST 1958 NOTE Ven pron tert te yw tr ue rt rt Commer infmemome evermree = FIGURE NO. 1-13 py eaten TU aos UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY org ; se role men nape ervww rat WAINWRIGHT (C-2) QUADRANGLE ALASKA 1:63 360 SERIES (TOPOGRAPHIC) 13976" 70°45" Sit cwaurem WIgrE OB wercree y SAERENGE S we bizoow ret a0 obo F001 Mapped by the Army Map Service Published lor cowl use by the Geological Survey Contiel by USCAGS ana USCE y 10,000 toot grid Based on Alnshe coordinate 7 sormamail man 1000 mater Universal Transverse Marcetc. grid 1 LCLINATION, 1908 jenent unbutveyed and vamai of Land Mangement Fouo FAIRBANKS, ALASKA 98701, DERVER, CoLORADO 80228, OR WASHINGTON, OC 20241 srocota otscmemme TOrvoaarwic Mare Ano 8vegOLd a AvAKLABLE OH ALQULST FIGURE NO. 1-14 ROAD CLASSIFICATION Light uty -- Tals CONTOUR NIERVAL 50 FEET . UASHEO LiNLy KEPRE SEMI 23 FOO! CONTOURS . UM Is MEAN SEA LEVEL . UM 1S MEAM LOWER LOW WATER ‘ (Ain OF km msdn mate 4. ~ ‘obs me nomena .2cahon WAINWRIGHT (C-2), ALASKA FOR SALE BY U 8 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY N7030—W15936/15%36 ae 3 oss a HPT-/ FW Rethervord Assoc. List of — Marerials ae | Ae, Description (TEM 4 \ 4 Yer Pest insulator Laanting batches (¥ 44 0A TSS] Fg | 2_|2 Het Post wasulator Caraanl ag Laathay (ts one stern) £2 tly Bracket Pole too, (5" mty hele gracing A 4 [3 | [!Clamp Toe Conduster Clame | 77_| s d/ 6 |¢ _ Ya 172 Machine boll c 7/2 “418 Machine bat LC J < I |e Locknuts for "bolt ck w| 3 | _fockauss far _¥4 "bolt “| +t 24! (2/0 1 Va" Gol 5p washer 2 72 | 4 £4 4x Ve” Gol Sg washer g Tronsrmssion Line Tangent Structure WEGky Horizontal Post Type- Single Pole Seale: he 759" Revision FIGURE NO. 1-15 Qote ri \ Q@ \ @ AN \ : AN \\ | | fy | “P V7 | at Vv — ' A) DETAIL "A' \ SIIOWN FoR 90" ANGLE -DRILL HOLES : \ To CORKESPONID WITH ACTUAL LINE ANGLE MI -<— — SRE Jee Co TeKrENsiON tie | : NS KV,— 2 POLE - DEADEND | ROBERT W. RETHERFORD ASSOCIATES Consnling Maecinenre Anchorage, Alaska Pred DESCRIP TION (TEA 1 154 |insulator, Suspension, 594'x 10" Ke 2 |G |Suspension Hook eh 216 |DE,Claynp, Conn be., Juniper Tenn. | CY 4/12 |Shearplote, a" Teco or equal, Golv. | Lip fy “| 5 [12 |Machine Belt, Y4"xreatd length C G [t2|Locenut for %4"boll ek “Aly itil — —- i rel “rs —_ G re. 3"x 54" 'd engl) “| ee — Ppquei—+ — 8 [a |Govmg Pre Teens oh i “| 9|G|Desdend Tee | | VO] GJ Extension Link du || | | = TRANSMISSION LINE om, LARGE ANGLE STRUCTURE | | FIGURE NO. 1-16 . / _— / aie i : a Z OHA ¢ \ eet 1¢~ ear | || WS ys Tl | wy} oT = ape? | i975 aay SEE DETAIL "A" Tay / ~] | . | f 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | ROBE] hk W. RELAERFOHD ASSOCIATES Consulting Peiye cre Anchorage, Alaska LIST 2F MATERIAL Pa 4a PESCRIIPPTION ITEM) {|3 |]Peadend Tee 1 2] % |GUYING Plate 3" 5/g%% req'd leveat, 3] 6 |BoH Moth. 2/4"x% vea’d length c 4 |G ]locknut for %4" Bolt ek 5 |G | SHearplate , 4° Teco vr equal, galv. 6|]% Suspension Hook eh | 1] 3 [Suspension Clamp ad cov. piece | aj 8127 Insulator, Suspension, 544"K 10" k TRANSMISSION LINE MEDIUM ANGLE STRUCTURE WGky - 2POLE = CORNER FIGURE NO. 1-17 cE DETAIL" A" 6 | | | | 7 | | | | / noweny W. RETHERFORD ASSOCIATES Chnoulting Enginears Anchoraae. Alaska 5/a'x 3" U-PLATE oO, SD - | yf Ae | Zoe Zy 4 Bolt - [ Loti é AL. beet WY ~ Lock nut a \ ' “ | NARY LIST OF MATERIALS MUR, DESCRIPTION ITEM | wo,| § Angle Bracket Assy bolt Mach, Ya"xreq'd length c. Locknut for 3/4" bolt ek | Guving Plate, Ya'e3"x req'd lem) Shedrplate, 4"Teco er equal, Galv a] afm] Oe tos Suspension thoolk eh Suspension Clamp § Connection pes | OU Insvlatey, Suspension 5A x10" K Rio R | a 3 4 5 G [7 | 8 9g [a oO TEANSMISSION LINE SMALL ANGLE sreuctuel| 138 KV. 2POLE CORNE I | | rraunr MA 1 10 Powerline Route -@0@—-@- @— Land Status Interim Conveyance to UIC x UIC Selected Land eS BLM Administered Land | Native Allotments’ ° “@Q BARROW-ATQASUK-WAINWRIGHT POWERLINE PROPOSED ROUTE Base Map From: U.S.G.S. Barrow B-4, A-4, A-5, U.S.G.S. Meade River D-2, D-3 Scale: 1:99,000 (Reduced From 1:63,360) FIGURE 1-19 USS 4615 805.17 90-65-0589 , @ F 1879415" RW FAA A 2 ra cn e F 03531 lint ; Rw 2 tN BIA . “existing “SUBSTATION DepATIOn Fe 3 I ° ine NTI BARROW-ATQASUK-WAINWRIGHT POWERLINE BASE MAP FROM BLM STATUS PLATS, T 22 N, R18 W, U.M. FIGURE NO. 1-19, INSERT A Barrow Site Plan FIGURE NO. 1-19, INSERT B es AFTER: Selkregg, 1975 BARROW AVERAGE MAXIMUM ° BARROW AVERAGE MINIMUM UMIAT AVERAGE MAXIMUM UMIAT AVERAGE MINIMUM uu £ w ig 3 = < fo w a = a = July MONTH OF THE YEAR AVERAGE TEMPERATURE MAXIMA AND MINIMA FOR BARROW AND UMIAT STATIONS FIGURE NO. 2-1 AFTER: Setkregg, 1975, adapted from the Nations! Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Environmental Data Service wn y Annual Total oO {unches} z 2 BARROW 4.89 > eeccccccce UMIAT 5.71 ° er < e a oO w x a , Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec AVERAGE PRECIPITATION FOR BARROW AND UMIAT STATIONS FIGURE NO. 2-2 AFTER: Selkregg, 1975, adapted trom the National Oceanic and 10.0 Atmospheric Administration Environmental Data Service 9.0 8.0 Annual! Total (inches) 2 7.0 BARROW 29.1 3 ecccccccces UMIAT 33.2 z 6.0 < a 5.0 a < uw - = 4.0 So z n 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec AVERAGE SNOWFALL FOR BARROW AND UMIAT STATIONS FIGURE NO. 2-3 AFTER: Selkregg, 1975, adapted from U.S. Air Force, Air Weather Service -~L 3 {LE 1 o BARROW Wilda Cc FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF PRECIPITATION AT BARROW AND UMIAT STATIONS RON WOON WOOK WO * ene SSSKE. AG) ct WMG TORN A AAS S° Sept Aug AL July KS GGG XW June WWD WWW '’''W’5’wbw,0 SOON 2 Ris“ UMIAT OO? CW WY Q WB TO? 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 < ¢ 8 8 & Rg 2 2 22ua15N3IO yO AdUanbasy & FIGURE NO. 2-4 BARROW UMIAT Percentage frequency of occurrence of wind direction. Extreme wind for direction noted. Average wind speed for direction noted. Wind speeds are in knots. The figures in the inner circle show the predominance of the general east-to-west flow of air along the Arctic coast. In none of the locations are the strongest winds associated with prevailing directions. Period of record is 8 to 20 years. SOURCE: Selkregg, 1975 Mean Monthly Wind Speed and Prevailing Direction (Speed in knots) Station Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Anni Barrow 10.3 99 99 10.0 10.5 10.1 10.2 11.0 11.2 11.8 118 9.9 10.6 ENE E— ENE ENE ENE E E E —E ENE ENE ENE ENE Umiat 61 66 49 60 7.2 76 62 57 58 45 59 56 60 w WwW W Ww E E E E E E w W W/E SOURCE: Selkregg, 1975; U.S. Air Force, Air Weather Service WIND DATA FOR BARROW AND UMIAT STATIONS FIGURE NO. 2-5 o oO ° ae 162° ° o 156° ° 1° 50° ge 14€° Cs. te i : 7 168 166 16 160 158 156 154 ize 1 i 14 — 4eé : —s = 1 : | / | 7 ! : O G Ee A ERLINE w#ae Plover | | ~SgTengent Poi | u Pitt Point are Post B E A U F O i T | Cape Halkett nw Atigaru Point = Shetis | Leavitt | | ones Is Midway Is ¥Cross McClure Is ayy Cape Dye : Poing Hoyuthtie, id Poing ia” ela 'e PHYSIOGRAPHIC PROVINCES oa OF ALASKA SCALE 1: 2500000 AFTER: WAHRHAFTIG, 1965 FIGURE NO. 2-6 0 25 50 75 SCALE IN MILES CONTACT meeewe em NPR-4 LAND BOUNDARY CHUKCHI 100 Fr = Jau UNCONSOLIDATED SEDIMENTS Ts SAGAVANIRKTOK FORMATION ZA Ke SEA QUATERNARY TERTIARY COLVILLE GROUP TO) ke CRETACEOUS NANUSHUK GROUP TOROK FORMATION CRETACEOUS ere FORTRESS MOUNTAIN FORMATION [jks \ JURASSIC AND LOWER { JURASSIC AND CRETACEOUS (NEOCOMIAN) | SHALE UNITS } \ sunassic (2) MAFIC ROCKS } BEAUFORT SEA Ht CHERT GRANITE UPPER PART OF ENDICOTT GROUP: SHUBLIK FORMATION; AND SADLEROCHIT FORMATION; IN- NE; SIKSIKPUK FORMATION IN ENDICOTT AND DE LONG MONUTAINS NUKA FORMATION IN DE LONG MOUNTAINS PRUDHOE BAY PALEOZOIC OR MESOZOIC CARBONIFEROUS PERMIAN AND TRIASSIC ————_—__—_—_ AFTER: Brosgé and Tailieur, 1971 RX > LOWER PART OF ENDICOTT GROUP pieorT cau DEVONIAN BAIRD GROUP DEVONIAN R NERUOKPUK FORMATION OR OLDE GENERALIZED GEOLOGIC MAP, NORTHERN ALASKA FIGURE NO. 2-7 — ——— AFTER: Péwé, 1975 176° 172° 168° 164° 160° 156° 152° 148° 1442 140° 470° t ' | 4es° ! << Big ‘S| = 66° “lS I L_ a, i 1. i. 4 j_] 168° 160° 156° 152° 148° 144° 140° “<> 0 50 100 150 LOESS STABILIZED DUNE FIELDS SCALE IN MILES oO 100 250 @ SMALL AREAS OF DUNES ts SCALE IN KILOMETERS LOESS DEPOSITS OF ALASKA AND AREAS OF SAND DUNES IN NORTHERN ALASKA FIGURE NO. 2-8 AFTER: Brown and Pewe, 1973 168° 164° 160° 156° 152° 148° 144° 140° 7 7 T To T T T I 304, -9.0°C 729 2 BARROW oa ~12 304, _9 8% PRUDHOE a 212 BAY 7 COLVILLE 356 : RIVER 2eBr* -5.5°C F z BRISTOL BAY 5 | DISCONTINUOUS 2 56° PERMAFROST _{ S 584 ine “ el EY ! n 164° 160° 156° 152° 148° 144° 140° PERMAFROST, DEPTHS IN METERS “<N> 122 ¢ THICKNESS, DEPTH TO BASE 0 100 — 250 | 18+ © MINIMUM THICKNESS, BASE UNKNOWN SCALE IN KILOMETERS 12-15 & RELIC PERMAFROST, GROUND FROZEN BETWEEN DEPTHS SHOWN -6.5°C © TEMPERATURE OF PERMAFROST AT 15 TO 25 METERS DEPTH —-— — PERMAFROST ZONE BOUNDARY CLIMATE seeeeeees APPROXIMATE POSITION OF MEAN ANNUAL AIR TEMPERATURE ISOTHERM, o°c ———— MEAN ANNUAL AIR TEMPERATURE, °C PERMAFROST IN ALASKA FIGURE NO. 2-9 OL-2 “ON J3uNdT4 OS+ ul p oO LLe4 A[4eg aouatuadx L aunzevadwa] wnwtxey (4 of ‘J seasbeq ul einjoJedwe, aopjinsqng JONVY JUNLVYIdWIL ANNOYS TWANNY JLWWIXOUddY S2 % $904 uj Yideg Butads A, 4eq ul paduatuadxy Saunzeuadwa) wnwLuLy + 9 e+ Oc+ Olt O Ol- O¢= | AFTER: Selkregg, 1975, adapted from Ferrians, Jr., Kachadoorian, and Green, 1969 LAKE SMALL LARGE DEEP LAKE THE EFFECT OF SURFACE FEATURES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF PERMAFROST IN THE CONTINUOUS PERMAFROST ZONE FIGURE NO. 2-11 T_ T_ lJ T TT TV ETT 72° 178° 170° 162° 154° 146° 139° = 130° --122° 72° 1 - i ' 900-1975 For Magnitude 6 ARCTIC OCEAN | AFTER Meyers, 1976. 68° 68° 1900-1974 For Magnitude 6 GpHuKcHr BEAUFORT Epicenter On North Slope SEA o SEA ay ek et oe apy ‘ (Data From N.0.A.A.) a ay a REPORTED MAGNITUDE CEL KE Q Oe 5 Ov | Zone #1 j Ro 54° va O} ma 64° . Lo C4 60 C) #0 my a0 ] 30 oO 60 60° ° 270 2 7 0 NO REPORTED MAGNITUDE MAGNITUDE SYMBOL SIZES ARE SHOWN ON A CONTINUOUS NONLINEAR SCALE 56° a 0 150 300 . SCALE IN MILES WS . ho he 178° 170° 162° 154° 146° 138° 130° Sy a aL - oo 1 LL \ ae SEISMICITY OF ALASKA FIGURE NO. 2-12 CI C2 C3 SOILS-LANDSCAPE RELATIONSHIP ON ARCTIC COASTAL PLAIN “TUNDRA ‘SOILS © ..BO@ SOILS. °"- DUNE “SOILS Contains mainly fine sand and silts with tundra and bog soils. Contains extensive eolian sands with tundra soils. Contains manily silts, extensive lakes and ponds with bog and tundra soils. Foothills soils. Mountain Soils. SOILS OF THE NORTH SLOPE OF ALASKA FIGURE NO. 2-13 \ 20 10 miles i 20 30 4 50 kilometers VEGETATIVE HABITATS ON THE NORTH SLOPE OF ALASKA FIGURE NO. 2-14 MERTENSIA DRUMMONDII ENDANGERED PLANTS IN VICINITY OF PROPOSED TRANSMISSION LINE FIGURE NO. 2-15 VY \ \ “4X 1. ADAK \ 2. ALASKA PENINSULA \ 3. ARCTIC 4. BEAVER 5. CHISANA \! 6. DELTA | 7. FORTYMILE LY 8. KENAI 9. McKINLEY 10. MENTASTA \ _g11, MULCHATNA ““ 12. NELCHINA CARIBOU HERDS OF ALASKA (After: Homming, 1971) Re! a ° lalende FIGURE NO. 2-16 KEY TO FIGURES 2-16 Calving Area WainwrightZe Summer Range Prudhoe Winter Range Glaciers Cape Lisburne Point Hope ES5 Kivalina\g Kotzebue rs Noorvik; WINTER RANGE AND SPRING MIGRATION ROUTE OF CARIBOU ARCTIC HERD FIGURE NO 2.17 NEavIAS YS SUMMER RANGE AND FALL MIGRATION ROUTE OF CARIBOU ARCTIC HERD AT wt Art on XS SER . uw \ <4 vos, ace 42 710 at Sls FAV ANS \ PRL EATON SIT Sy Sa RIE ONE Ot SME NRO) ORE IES OLS Ihe be IAT IE NO RBIS RSA VSS AS A IRSA AN Sy RN OILS IS SRS t To nT COT SALI GLE DIN RIOT STS : Mar Sy 4 ANY 1 TTT AT aa oe an VISAS IRAN ISR TLE NIE PI ee SINE EPI LASS Wy DIY Site ite IAL BS ee LA ANS MINN SFIS SLRS ay 7 Tew ket s { (OES OSS IS NS POISE SSECUAN Shas STAY SATs VN NS LSE RSA TY MSRP ONS LI SZ ESN eet NE WIG ey Se SSL OS WS ES HR 7 7 STIS THES Sy 7 27 Dy 4k ~ “ J Le _~ z LON IONS LGA ay, ese OS DTI £ SHES SRS et SRSA O TEES BY, Witt . TP ea VENT TI A SE SN =~ s M0 ATS LONE SIMA OS PAS STENTS AAS ies “As SHS YTS TS SUSAR ITY o ocr AN ESO) VN SRS Be Fe TEN a NS NUTS S7 STON aS TAS Spe Dy mt OAS LYS a TAGS LS Ie 7 Be OI SAY No TMT OP RIS ee ers ee BNO SD INS Sy 7 nL lS STK ty NLS NON AS Leen b> ok rot BIN YS yo we \ we Nas a 1 Lt 2 BONS eatin S64 ey. re MN Zot L z Xe SEN RO, a3 wis = D> = z c Wai = Ruckland We 7ypce tts yh! INNA RG LNT arn o : 3 iz e art £ sila = AL NING S | 218 PPK 3 Si= - ANS WY ball < NAY ° Miae a oat o GY Y U 2-16 Summer Range Winter Range KEY TO FIGURES Glaciers Cape Lisburne 2 3 FIGURF NO.2-18 ay After: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Survey, 1977 XX [SJ in Density, more than 10 per square mile | My Witt Density, 6 - 10 per square mile [Juss Density, 0 - 5 per square mile DABBLING DUCK DISTRIBUTION AND DENSITY FIGURE NO. 2-19 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Survey, 1977 eS] SS] High Density, more than 15 per quare mile Medium Density, 5 - 15 per square mile [_] Low Density, 1 - 5 per square mile DIVING DUCK DISTRIBUTION AND DENSITY FIGURE NO. 2-20 BARROW After: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Survey, 1977 High Density, more than 1 per square mile Za Medium Density, 0.1 - 1 per square mile Low Density, 0 - 0.1 per square mile UAE WHISTLING SWAN DISTRIBUTION AND DENSITY FIGURE NO. 2-21 L1H ka BARROW High Density, more than 7 per square mile Medium Density, 3 - 7 per square mile Low Density, 0 - 3 per square mile After: U.S. Fish & Wildlife. Survey, 1977 GEESE DISTRIBUTION AND DENSITY FIGURE NO. 2-22 After: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Survey, 1977 [3] High Density, more than 3 per square mile Medium Density, 2 -3 per square mile SN [| Low Density, less than 2 per square mile LOON DISTRIBUTION AND DENSITY FIGURE NO. 2-23 SERRE After: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Survey, 1977 ATQASUK Ou; PSeSq High Density, more than 4 per square mile ie el Needle Medium Density, 2 - 4 per square mile a Low Density, less than 2 per square mile PTARMIGAN DISTRIBUTION AND DENSITY FIGURE NO. 2-24 High Density, more than 5 per square mile Sef Medium Density, 2 - 5 per square mile Low Density, less than 2 per square mile ARCTIC TERN DISTRIBUTION AND DENSITY FIGURE NO. 2-25 BARROW After: U.S. Fish & Wildlife. Survey, 1977 High Density, more than 400 per square mile | oN NS Medium Density, 200 - 400 per square mile [| Low Density, less than 200 per square mile { SHOREBIRD DISTRIBUTION AND DENSITY FIGURE NO. 2-26 BARROW After: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Survey, 1977 High Density, more than 2 per square mile Medium Density, 1 - 2 per square mile Low Density, less than 1 per square mile GULL DISTRIBUTION AND DENSITY FIGURE NO. 2-27 BARROW After: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Survey, 1977 High Density, more than 3 per square mile NS ‘adele? “OM N Medium Density, 1 - 3 per square mile | Low Density, less than 1 per square mile JAEGER DISTRIBUTION AND DENSITY FIGURE NO. 2-28 BARROW After: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Survey, 1977-78 ATQASUK Sites Currently or Historically Used ¢ Peregrin Falcon Nest - | Proposed Critical Habitat Zones CRITICAL HABITIAT OF THE ARCTIC PEREGRIN FALCON FIGURE NO. 2-29 162° " a ry 7 SOURCE: Alaska Depertment of Natural Resources, 1976 SCALE IN MILES LOCATIONS OF KNOWN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES ALONG THE NORTH SLOPE OF ALASKA FIGURE NO. 2-30 SOURCE: U.S. Bureeu of Land Management, 1974 i ! ! t CHUKCHI.«SEA wainwright BEAUFORT SEA NUIQSUT s PRUDHOE BAY : KAKTOVIK TESHEKPUK LAKE \ o SAGA VANIRKTOK ccc7 Ss NAVAL PETROLEUM 1 RESERVE NO. 4 Bs MEADE PT. HOPE a . RIVER ARCTIC NATIONAL WILDLIFE RANGE ANAKTUVUK PASS PROPOSED COASTAL NATIONAL MAJOR WITHDRAWALS WITHORAWALS FOR NATIVE VILLAGE DEFICIENCY WILDLIFE REFUGE PRIOR TO ALASKA NATIVE VILLAGES ELIGIBILITY FOR NX WITHDRAWALS CLAIMS SETTLEMENT ACT LAND SELECTIONS NOT ~ PROPOSED GATES OF THE FINALLY DETERMINED AY WITHDRAWALS FOR CLASSIFICATION ARCTIC NATIONAL PARK j UTILITY CORAIDOR N AND PUBLIC INTEREST (D-1) WITHORAWALS FOR NATIVE PROPOSED NOATAK NATIONAL DUAL WITHDRAWALS FOR VILLAGES ELIGIBLE FOR WITHDRAWALS FOR POSSIBLE ARCTIC RANGE D-2 AND NATIVE REGION LAND SELECTIONS INCLUSION IN THE FOUR DEFICIENCY NATIONAL SYSTEMS (D-2) PROPOSED ARCTIC NATIONAL REGIONAL DEFICIENCY WILDLIFE REFUGE ADDITIONS STATE SELECTIONS WITHDRAWALS TENTATIVELY APPROVED a WITHDRAWALS FOR POSSIBLE FORMER INDIAN RESERVES ADDITION TO NATIONAL 50 (ELECTED TO BE ACQUIRED WILDLIFE REFUGE SYSTEM “UNDER ALASKA NATIVES SCALE IN MILES CLAIMS SETTLEMENT ACT) Fa STATE SELECTIONS PENDING PROPOSED LAND WITHDRAWALS IN NORTH SLOPE, ALASKA FIGURE NO. 2-31 SCALE ee _. / BARROW ‘ i 20 10 miles N = © ae fon WAINWRIGHT, (TT i. Bureau Of Land Management r} Bureau of Land Management Administered Lands Administered Lands — a NW Village Corporation Land Selections LAND OWNERSHIP FAH Regional Corporation Land Selections NORTH SLOPE OF ALASKA FIGURE NO. 2-32 orem pana key ee —h- ie . %, . . fe s \ - NPR-A ; 7 Nos . yor ‘ \ c TIC * \ | ALASKA SEA oN 0 VO eet i ey> {en Via WY sk \ ys Lo ; teen, 5) aye wenrun PO, page oC Lig OR oF OWS i, /" : re ° “ v Bef av, FIGURE NO. 2-33 ARCTIC OCEAN POINT ARCTIC OCEAN PEARD BARROW PITT BAY (POW Main) POINT . (LIZ C) aN CAPE CHUKCHI SEA (POW 1) ‘. SIMPSON WAINWRIGHT \ ‘uz 3) ~ (POW A) OLIKTOK A T*. : oO ICY CAPE BEAUFORT SEA (POW 2) (LIZ B) g~-~-7 a> POINT ' 7 POINT HUMPHREY Cs S McINTYRE Fi axMAN BARTER POINT i > (POW C) ISLAND Lay ~ ! TESHEKPUK (LIZ 2) ' LAKE . CAPE ISLAND (BAR A) (POW 3) LISBURNE (BAR Main) IKPIKPUK i> RIVER UV °o CAMDEN DEMARCATION f BAY (POW B) ; KOKOLIK, CAPE” iver UTUKOK SABINE ' Q POINT iPOW D) MBAR A-1) (LIZ A) ' \ \ Bip riz ale ae] >| 0 2 50 76 100 e a a SCALE IN MILES ° NPR-4 BOUNDARY ACTIVE STATIONS INACTIVE STATIONS DISTANT EARLY WARNING SYSTEM (DEWLINE) STATIONS ON THE NORTH SLOPE OF ALASKA FIGURE NO. 2-34 TYPES OF EVALUATION i Mont of testes ware Inlay recorded on te NSP Slope | Borough's Traditional Land Use Inventories (TLUI. : lecovered in the course of travel to TLUI sites, Stitt) ‘were recorded by the Bureau of Outdoor Recreation, 3 | | Menevor pont, sites were evaluated on foot. In some | 2 | coves silanes were used to determine the remsine ot sites “ | hat could not be reeched Io other wey. Io other came & landmark sites were viewsd from # distance but not visited. | b&b | tn alt cates, however, evaluation of sites by the North Siope | v2 | Borough contrect stat were made in conjunction with local a | fesource speciale. | wh —— ao “ US. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NORA BTUOIES Traditional Land Use Inventory Sites a SITES EVALUATED ON FOOT SITES EVALUATED FROM AIRPLANE —@ SITES VIEWED FROM THE DISTANCE Site Name TLUI m0, Site Name TLUI no. |Site Name TLUI no. 1 Nuvuk 1 | 28 Kungomovik 4 | 60 Ivinsat (ivishoat) 41 | 82 Agwik 148 2 Pigniq (Bunirk) ==» 2 | 29 Puviatuug 92 | 60 Napeniq (Napanik) AB (shaped like a whale) 3 6 | 30. Puviksuk 76 | 61 Uyegeagruk M4 |83 Avinneg (Avingsk) 142 31 Pisiktagvik a (Uyageagruk? {Lemming) 32 Niglik*Woods Insat 68 | 62 Nukulik Pt. 93 | 84 Qinag (Kinag) (nose) 140 Uatiqpas (Walikpea) 12 | 33 Agki Creek 18 (Nokotlek) 85 Pigagiureg mt Tigalook (Tikigluk) 64 | 34 Kayuktiniluk 74 | 63 Akulliagatat 6 (Pigekuirak) (Place where Aigatuk (Atkatook) 62 | 36 Itkilikpaat 3 (Akotiakatat) ‘you stoce things) Panikpatchiag 36 Tiragroak 77 | 64 Nivant (Neva) 90 | 86 Agieg (Agiok) 137 (Parvkpatchiak) 37 Nuignutpiat 88 | 65 Avveg (Arvak) 103 | 87 Qagrisat 138 wuktum Pane 88 | 38 Niglinaat 89 | 68 Aaisgugnat 106 (place where you go over} Nigaaatugwik 81 | 39 Nanuk e (Agiaguknak) (Aksonik) | 88 bvignik (twins) Nasigrugviich 80] 40 Puw 80 | 87 Gayaqpivavik. 108 | 89 Quaiieeg (Keuieaq) 100 | Qaplakcava 491 41 Anayuk 5 (Kayaasivvik) (ley Cape) | 90 Niakua (head) 18} {Oalugueg) 42 Niglivit 45 | 68 Gagrugvik 91 Chippage Station 12 Niksilik 48 | 43 Uyagagvik (Kakrukvik) 92 Kirgevik 36 f 13° Watug 44 Aahasliqna 20 | 89 Alusqpak (Aluskpek) 40 hawk esting spot) : 14 Aa ” (Analivea) 70 Avalitqua 87 [89 Ignivik (Dirthptece) 133 18 Keyasq 45 Qilimateurag 8 (Avalitkuok) 94 Alusgpalik 32 16 Aatuterorak (Atoruk) 48 Qilsmitegvik 82 | 71) Ansqtuug 82 (Aluskpaliki(Aluskpak) | 17 Kinaag River (Kilamnitagvik (Anaktuuk) 95 Osgmetireg 1900: 18 Uapiqnvw 45] 47 Pauktugrik 83 | 72 Kanich (Kengitch) 63 (Kagmalirak) i (Ukpiksvu) 48 Avugmepeqruk «85. | 73. Kuugmiu (Kukmiu) 17 | 08 Ituchiag (Ittuchiak) 120 | 19 Qaviors 44 | 49 Aggmon 44 | 74. Nunagiag (Nunagiak) 9 {rock that echoes) {Qaviarat) 80 Miliktogvik 86 | 78 Pinusugruk 3] 87 Inunneqtvog wi 20 Uigisk 43 | 81 Nullagvik 87 (Pingusugruk) (Isungektwug) (Jeogers) i 21, Keleyauk 30] 62 Pinurageuk 80 | 78 Ataniq (Atanik) =| 88 Ikpitchieg 178 (Kaleak) (Pinguragrukd 77 Pinay (Pigatuu) 147 (eprtchiak { 22° Payugvik 38 | 63 Akinnag (Akiak) 91 {Eskimo bow! upside down) | 98 Site U1 ; (Payukvik) 54 imillik 108 | 78 Uvrmen (Uuman) 145 | 100 Aqsastchiagvit mo 23 Pullayaag 36 | 65 Uruaqsamiut 10 theert) (Aksraitchiogvikt 24 Wwiksok 36 {Utukukmiut 79 Tirgiag (Titgiak) 148 playing garnes) 26 Camp at mouth of 56 Unnick (stepped terrace) 101 Site U2 fooru River 87 Tulugiaq 113 | 80 Puvak (black stone) 144 [102 Ihayuqtuyaat mB 26 Pullaystchiet 37 | 68 Wwinaureg 60 | 8) Qagmalik (Kegralik) 143 (eayuktuyeeti(red fox) 27 Nauyalik “a Aivishareky : FIGURE NO. 2-35 tien AT eal Teed 151° * 190° 7 AFTER: Selkregg, 1975; Bernes, 1967 0 _ 3 60 dren SCALE IN MILES --- NPR-4 LAND BOUNDARY EE sano ANo GRAVEL SAND AND GRAVEL SOURCES WEST OF THE COLVILLE RIVER sor ile 3 4 ete i i 3 i q 5 g 5 FIGURE NO. 2-36 Shae AVIFAUNA OF THE NORTH SLOPE 8.b s i ee ——e—eEemeomoweoecs>—_ _00—=0—onoeyeeeuquqmqqqg0eOEOeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee Coastal Species Plain Foothills Mountains Common loon - Gavia immer s s RB Yellow-billed loon - Gavia adamsii RB OB - Arctic loon - Gavia arctica G G G Red-throated loon - Gavia stcllata G G G Red-necked grebe - Podiceps griscegena OB OB . - Horned grebe - Podiceps auritus Ss s - Northern fulmar - Fulmarus glacialis Vv - - Short-tailed shearwater - Puffinus tenuirostris Vv - = Pelagic cormorant - Phalacrocorax pelagicus Ss - - Great bluc heron - Ardea herodias - s - Whistling swan - Olor columbianus RB OB = Canada goose - Branta canadensis RB RB - Black brant - Branta nigricans RB - - Emperor goose - Philacte canagica Ss - - White-fronted goose - Anser albifrons RB OB = Snow goose - Chen caerulescens RB - - Mallard - Anas platyrhynchos v OB OB Gadwall - Anas strepera - s = Pintail - Anas acuta G G G Green-winged teal - Anas crecca Ss RB RB ' Baikal teal - A-as formosa - s - j American widgcon - Anas americana RB OB - 4] Northern shoveler - Anas clypeata OB - - Redhead - Aythya americana Ss - - Greater scaup - Aythya marita RB RB OB Lesser scaup - Aythya affinis - - OB Common goldeneye - Bucephala clangula - s - Bufflehead - Bucephala albeola - s - Oldsquaw - Clangula hyemalis : G G G Harlequin duck - Histrionicus histrionicus - s RB *symbols in thesc columns are defined as” follows: RB = Tegular breeder, OB = occasional breeder, S = straggler, V = visitor (including migrants), G = general occurrence throughout arctic lowland, - = no information. hodi fica from Piteika (1974), Koranda and Evans (1975), and Kessel and Cade (1958). TABLE NO. 2-1 : Coastal Species "Plain Solitary sandpiper - Tringa solitaria Wood sandpiper - Tringa glarcola Wandering tattler - Hcteroscelus incanus Lesser ycllowlegs - Tringa flavipes Red knot - Calidris canutus Sharp-tailed sundpiper - Calidris acuminata Pectoral sandpiper - Calidris melanotos White-rumped sandpiper - Calidris fuscicollis Baird's sandpiper - Calidris bairdii Least sandpiper - Calidris minutilla Rufous-necked sandpiper - Calidris ruficollis Curlew sandpiper - Calidris ferruginea Dunlin - Caldris alpina Sanderling - Calidris alba Semipalmated sandpiper - Calidris pusilla Western sandpiper - Calidris mauri Stilt sandpiper - Micropalama himantopus Buff-breasted sandpiper - Tryngites subruficollisc Spwon-Liil sandpiper - Eurynorhynchus pygmeus Long-billed dowitcher - Limnodronmus scolopaceus Zp ow Bar-tailed godwit - Limosa lapponica zn wo Hudsonian godwic - Limosa haemastica an Red phalarope - Phalaropus fulicarius zn wo Wilson's phalarope - Steganopus tricolor Northern phalarope - Lobipes lobatus Pomarine jaeger - Stercorarius pomarinus Pars itic jaeger - Stercorarius parasiticus Long-tailed jaeger - Stercorarius longicaudus South polar skua - Catharacta maccormicki Glaucous gull - Larus hyperborcus Slaty-backed gull - Larus schistisagus Herring gull - Larus argentatus Mew gull - Larus canus Petit EC ee ccvac leit ell ee eg tine ow Ivory gull - Papophila eburnca Foothills Mountains OB TABLE NO. 2-1 (continued) Gray jay - Perisoreus canadensis Black-billed magpie - Pica pica Common raven - Corvus corax Black-capped chickadee - Parus atricapillus Dipper - Cinclus mexicanus Winter wren - Troglodytes troglodytes Fieldfare - Turdus pilaris Eye-browed thrush - Turdus obscurus Dusky thrush - Turdus naumanni American robin - Turdus migratorius Varied thrush - Ixoreus naevius Hermit thrush - Catharus guttatus Gray-checked thrush - Catharus minimus Mountain bluebird - Sialia currucoides Wheatear - Oenanthe oenanthe Bluethroat - Luscinia svecica Siberian accentor - Prunclla montanella Willow warbler - Phylloscopus trochilus Arctic warbler - Phyi copus vLorealis Ruby-crowned kinglet - Regulus calendula White wagtail - Motocilla alba Yellow wagtail - Motacilla flava Water pipit - Anthus spinoletta Northern shrike - Lanius excubitor Orange-crowned warbler - Vermivora celata Yellow warbler - Dendroica petechia Magnolia warbler - Dendroica magnolia Yellow-rumped warbler - Dendroica coronata Blackpoll warbler - Dendroica striata Northern water thrush - Seiurus noveboracensis MacGillivray's warbler - Oporornis tolmiei Wilson's warbler - Wilsonia pusilla Canada warbler - Wilsonia candensis Western meadowlark - Sturnella neglecta Red-winged blackbird - Agelaius phocnicius Coastal Plain s nn << n»uwnnxe wnne ex ne nnnnnnnest TABLE NO. 2-1 Foothills OB s RB Mountains OB RB s RB (continued) o€--24.-07-"”°”-#6S™O™*#o#o...---00-0O0070C.T0TcTrVcoMoM@m@aH™UtcoQoaoahnoam2~— eee 22S === 7 = : > = es ; Coastal Species Plain Foothills Mountains Black-lcgged kittiwake - Rissa tridactyla Ross's gull - Rhodostcthia rosea ~ Sabine's gull - Xema sabini Arctic tern - Sterna paradisaea Thick-billed murre - Uria lomvia Dovekie - Alle alle Black guillemot - Cepphus grylle Pigeon guillemot - Cepphus columba Kittlitz's murrelet - Brachyramphus brevirostris Parakeet auklet - Cyclorrhynchus psittacula Crested auklet - Aethia cristatella Least auklet - Aethia pusilla Horned puffin - Fratercula corniculata Tufted puffin - Lunda cirrhata < na < nun«ec o< a9 <=(o1 2s Great horned owl - Bubo virginianus Snowy owl - Nyctea scandiaca Hawk owl - Surmia ulula zp o Short-eared owl - Asia flammeus ° oa Porcal owl - Acgolius funercus Common nighthawk - Chordeiles minor Common flicker - Colaptes auratus Downy woodpecke. - Dendrocopos pubescens Eastern kingbird - Tyrannus tyrannus Say's phoebe - Sayornis saya Alder flycatcher - Empidonax alnorum Hammond's flycatcher - Empidonax hammondii West-rn wood pewce - Contopus sordidulus Horned lark - Eremophila alpestris Violet-grecn swallow - Tachycineta thalassina Tree swallow - Iridoprocne bicolor Bank swallow - Riparia riparia Rough-winged swallow - Stelgidopteryx ruficollis Barn swallow - Hirundo rustica naananaanann«en Cliff swallow - Petrochelidon pyrrhonota TABLE NO. 2-1 (continued) Species - Coastal Plain Foothills Mountains Steller's cidef - Polysticta stelleris Common cider - Somatcria mollissima King cider - Somateria spectabilis Spectacled eider - Somateria fischeri White-winged scoter - Mclanitta deglandi Surf scoter - Melanitta perspecillata Black scoter - Melanitta nigra Red-breastcd merganser - Mergus serrator Goshawk - Accipter gentilis Red-tailed hawk - Buteo jamaicensis Rough-legged hawk - Buteo lagopus Golden eagle - Aquila chrysactos Bald eagle - Haliaeetus leucocephalus Marsh hawk - Circus cyaneus Osprey - Pandion haliaetus Gyrfalcon - Falco rusticolus Peregrine falcon - Falco peregrinus Merlin - Falco columbarius American kestrel] - Falco sparverius Willow ptarmigan - Lagopus lagopus Rock ptarmigan - Lagopus mutus Sandhill crane - Grus candensis Semipalmated plover - Charadrius semipalmatus Mongolian plover - Charadrius mongolus Killdeer - Charadrius vociferus Dotterel - Eudromias morinellus American golden plover - Pluvialis dominica Black-bellicd plover - Pluvialis squatarola Ruddy turnstone - Arenaria interpres Common snipe - Capella gallinugo Whimbre] - Numenius phacopus ,. Bristle-thighed curlew - Numenius tuhitiensis Upland sandpiper - Bartramia longicauda Spotted sandpiper - Actitis macularia RB RB RB RB OB OB s on wo TABLE NO. 2-1 (continued) i eee — eS a LS Coastal Species © Plain Foothills Mountains Rusty blackbird - Fuphagus carolinus Brewer's blackbird - Fuphagus cyanocephalus Common grackle - Quiscalus quiscula Brown-headed cowbird - Molothrus ater Western tanager - Piranga ludoviciana nnanannna ) ‘ Scarlet tanager - Piranga olivacca Pine grosbeak - Pinicola enucleator - - Vv Gray-crowned rosy finch - Leucosticte tephrocotis. - - RB Redpoll - Acanthis flammca G G White-winged crossbill - Loxia leucoptera - ° s RB RB Savannah sparrow - Passerculus sandwichensis Dark-eyed junco - Junco hyemalis Tree sparrow - Spizella arborea Chipping sparrow - Spizella passerina Harris's sparrow - Zonotrichia querula RB RB White-crowned sparrow - Zonotrichia leucophrys RB RB no<x vaAnas << 1 1 Golden-crowned sparrow - Zonotrichia atricapilla Pallas's Reed bunting - Emberiza pallasi s - Little bunting - Fmberiza pusilla Fox sparrow - Passerella iliaca RB RB Lapland longspur - Calcarius lapponicus Smith's longspur - Calcarius pictus Snow bunting - Plectrophenax nivalis - RB ana <u a 9 TABLE NO. 2-1 (continued) PRON AVIAN AFFINITIES WITH SEDGE-GRASS MARSH HABITATS 2.0 Species Nesting Courting Foraging Resting Escaping Canada goose Pintail XX Green-winged teal XX Greater scaup XX Oldsquaw XX Rough- legged hawk XX Peregrine falcon XX Willow ptarmigan X - Sandhill crane XXX 10. American golden plover X 11. Black-bellied plover XX 12. Common snipe XXX 13. Pectoral sandpiper XXX 14, Semipalmated sandpiper XXX 15. Long-billed dowitcher XXX 16. Red phalarope XXX 17. Northern phalarope XXX 18. Parasitic jaeger XXX 19. Long-tailed jaeger XXX 20. Glaucous gull XXX 21. Savannah sparrow XXX XX XX 22. Lapland longspur X XX XX WBNAAMaWNHNe 4gymbols used in Tables 2-2 through 2-5 are defined as follows: XXX = major use, xx = secondary use, x = minor use, — = no use, and a blank indicates data were lacking for accurate determinations. brables 2-2 through 2-5 are taken from Kessel and Cade (1958). TABLE NO. 2-2 AVIAN AFFINITIES WITH TUSSOCK-HEATH TUNDRA HABITATS a —y- Species Nesting Courting Foraging Resting [Escaping Rough-legged hawk XXX Golden eagle XX Gyrfalcon XXX Peregrine falcon XXX Willow ptarmigan XX) XX Rock ptarmigan Sandhill crane onanaunf WA Nn American golden plover Black-bellied plover Ruddy turnstone Whimbrel Pectoral sandpiper — ee oe une CO O Semipalmated sandpiper ~ a Buff-breasted sandpiper ~ wn Parasitic jaeger - oa Long-tailed jaeger e N Glaucous gull ~ o .Common raven ~ wo Yellow wagtail N o Savannah sparrow N as Tree sparrow N nN Lapland longspur TABLE NO. 2-3 AVIAN AFFINITIES WITH TUNDRA-LACUSTRINE WATER EDGE HABITATS Species Nesting Courting Foraging Resting Escaping 1. Yellow-billed loon XXX 2. Arctic loon XXX x 3. Red-throated loon XXX x 4. Whistling swan XXX XXX XX S. Canada goose x Xe X 6. White-fronted goose XXX x xX 7. Pintail XXX x XXX 8. Green-winged teal XXX x XXX 9. Greater scaup XXX x x 10. Oldsquaw XXX x x 11. Semipalmated plover x XX XXX XX 12. American golden plover XX XXX XX 13. Black-bellied plover XX XXX XX 14. Ruddy turnstone XXX XXX XXX 1S. Common snipe x XXX XXX x 16. Whimbrel XX x 17. Pectoral sandpiper XX XX XXX XX 18. Dunlin XXX XX 19. Long-billed dowitcher XXX XXX XXX XXX 20. Stilt sandpiper XXX XX 21. Semipalmated sandpiper X XXX XXX XX 22. Buff-breasted sandpiper XXX XXX XXX 23. Parasitic jaeger x XXX XX 24. Long-tailed jaeger x XXX XX 2S. Glaucous gull Xx XX XX TABLE NO. 2-4 AVIAN AFFINITIES WITH LACUSTRINE WATER HABITATS Species Nesting Courting Foraging Resting Escaping Yellow-billed loon - XXX XXX XXX XXX Arctic loon XXX XXX XXX XXX Red-throated loon XXX XXX XXX XXX Whistling swan XXX XXX XXX XXX Canada goose x x XX White-fronted goose x X XX Pintail Green-winged teal Greater scaup Oldsquaw Surf scoter Red phalarope Northern phalarope Glaucous gull TABLE NO. 2-5 EE Cultural Site No. Site Same Description Affinity \ge of Site ———_—__ RAROUE Kirnirk RBirnirk BARUU. Uthoavak Mule « BAROOS — Kugusugaruh 3 Hornerk BAROUS Pres. Mission Church us BARONS Post “Rodgers “unument mw w BARUUGL CP Saythe Wh Lo. “3 AD : BARUU? = Browerville HE aD BARUUS —Ireniviq We aD BAROOS =—Isut 2 vf BARO1O —-Napawrax He aD BAROL1 = Nuwuk HE aD BAROL2 Cpe. Saythe mt. Co. H3 aD BAROIS lakpa Bay 2 ac BAROL4 Lapaa Pz Akmah, Norton BC 9000 TESOOl = Alaktak 2 AD 1940 IKROO] — Awuna River P2 XMROOL = At tenok H2 AD 1890 woo? Charnrokruit 2 AD 1890 WAIO01 —-Nunagiak Site : Thule WAIOO2—- Kilimantavi nz AD 1800s WAIOO3 Kuk 2 WAIO04 = Atanik 2 AD 1800s WAI006 = Mit liktovik Hz AD 1900s A100? Kasaksekawik H2 AD 1847 XUROO2 = Kokolik R. 173 2 xUROO7 — Kokolik R. 178 P2 XUROO8 = Kokolik R. 179 2 XUROO9 = Kokolik R. 180 XURO1O = Kokolik R. 181 UROL] —Kokolik R. 182 URO12 —-Kokolik R. 183 XUROL3.— Kokolik R. 184 XUROL4—Kokolik R. 185 XUROIS —Kokolik R. XUROL6 —- Kokolik R. 187 XURO17 —-Kokolik R. 188 XUROI8 —-Kokolik R. 189 XUROI9 —-Kokolik R. 190 xuRO20 = Kokolik R. 191 XURO21 Humphreys 18 XURO22_ Humphreys 17 2 XURO23 Humphreys 16 P2 XuRO24 Humphreys 15 P2 XURO2S Humphreys 14 Pz XURO2@ Humphreys. 13 P2 MISO22 168 P2 MISO23 169 2 misozé = 170 MISI12 7401 MISII3 7402 MISI14 7403 MISIIS 7404 MISI16 Humphreys 19 MISI17 Humphreys 1 MIS118 Humphreys 2 MISII19 Humphreys 3 MIS120 Humphreys 4 MISI21 Humphreys 5 MIS124 Humphreys 8 MISI27 Humphreys 11 MISI28 Humphreys 12 XHPOOL = 'ssheyuk AD 1800s XHPOO2 Tukuto Lake Multicomponent XHPOOS Betty Lake AD 17008 xHPOO® = Liberator Lake AD 1700s XHPOO7 — Swayback Lakes AD 1700s HISTORIC AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL —tawoss Flora Creek xHPO39 =“ Flora Creek AD 1700s xHPO4O = Kikitaliorak Pt. AD 17003 xupo41—sKikitaliorak Creek SITES IDENTIFIED ON xHpo42 Flora Creek Lakes AD 1700s Source: Office of History and Archaeology. Undated. Alaska's FIGURE NO. 2-30 Heritage Resources 1973-1983, Volume [1 Inventory. Alaska Division of Parks. Anchorage. °H are historic <ites. P are dated or undated archaeological sites lacking evidence of turopean influence. 2 are the locus of an event, building, structure or object. 3 are structures created to shelter any form of human activity. 4 are works constructed by man (bridge, canal locks, etc.). TABLE NO. 2-6 RESOURCES HARVESTED IN TUK ARCTIC SLOPE MATIVE RECION RESOURCES HARVESTED Anaktuvuk Pass Barrow Kaktovik ~ Peint Hepe Weiewright . (Barter Ioland) Resource Nusber Pounds Number Number Number Number Mueber Bear (Br Criaszly) 14 3,150 5 2 2 2 3 Bear (Pola 19 8,550 - 6 5 3 3 Caribou 6,850 1,027,500 1,000 3,500 100 738 1,500 Yox (Arctic) 2,655 * 15 2,000 100 40 500 Fox (Red) . 205 * 100 "60 1s 20 20 Mare (Arctic/Saew) 30 90 30 - 7 - * Marnot 10 120 10 - - - a Moose 26 16,800 5 6 5 6 2 Porcupine 7 70 2 - 5 - * Sheep (Dall) 45 4,500 15 - 30 - - Squirrel (Ground) 1,480 1,480 200 1,000 250 - » Weasel 26 * - 10 12 ° 4 Wolverine 59 * 15 15 $s 6 bad Wolf 126 * 75 30 10 4 Ja Seal (Bearded) 410 164,000 - 150 30 180 30 Seal (Hair) 3,485 278, 800 - 1,000 7s 2,060 330 Walrus 117 110,600 - 33 1 ,33 #0 Whale (Beluga) 20 9,000 © = 5 - 10 3 Whale (Bowhead 19 - : 3 3 Totals, Pounds (dressed wgts) 2,539,660 156,555 1,284,550 91,500 : $37,600 469,453. ° *Furbearers not used for human consumption. The weight of Baleen Whale wee estimated at one ton per foet and the average length at 32 feet. Bene W Walrus, dressed weights: male, 1,000; female, 600; pup, 65 pounds. and unused meat ves calculated at 25% -- 40,008 pounds whale available fer censunpticn. Wooiksuk, Polar bear are taken; estimate of 6 per year. per TABLE NO. 2-7 RESOURCES HARVESTED IN THE ARCTIC SLOPE NATIVE REGION RESOURCES HARVESTED Anaktevuk Pace Rervew Raktovik ; e ape tige . (Berter Islead aaa enneneeneemnen Resource Number Pounds Number Number Number ' Number saber arene eT 550 550 - - 50 500 - cule 16,600 16,600 - 5,000 1,100 - 10,000 - 500 Ceese 960 35640 10 400 100 -30n 199 Prarmigan 2,450 2,459 500 1,009 759 100 100 Harvest Eggs 3,750 dz. 7,500 7 few 3,759 és. ~ Totala, Pounds (Dressed wgt) 30,940 540 7,600 2,300 19,300 1,200 - Arctic Char 4,700 18,800 100 100 2,509 2,000 - Ling Cod 130 1,300 30 100 - - - Tom Cod 3,500 3,506 - 509 ~ 3,000 i Grayling 5,650 5,650 1,000 2,500 - 2,000 15 Herring 10,500 5,250 500 10,000 - 7 - Coho/Silver 200 1,000 - i - gcae 7 Humpey/Pink 6,250 12,500 - 200 - : Fo King/Chinook 230 2,990 - 206 bette a 2,000 2,000 - - - og 2,000 Trout 5,750 17,250 500 50 1,000 , ; - 8,0 - - ~ Whitefish, lge 8,000 40,000 5 Whitefish, snl 13,600 13,600 500 8, 000 2,500 2,000 $0 123,840 3,959 61,550 15,500 40,000 2,840 Totals, Pounds (Dressed wgts) E Estimate ? Pounds Berries: No inventory was obtained but considerable poundages of blueberries, cranberries, cloudberries, salmonberries are harvested. Fuel: Residents of Wainwright ebteia coal for heating at exposed veins a few miles from the village. TABLE NO. 2-7 (continued) RESOURCES HARVESTED IN THE ARCTIC SLOPE MATIVE REGION Anaktuvuk Pass Barrow Kaktovik Point Hope Wainwright (Barter Island) Resource Pounds Poyndg Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Manmals 2,539,660 156,555 1,284,550 91,500 537,600 469,455 Wildlife 30,940 : 540 7,600 2,300 19,300 1,200 Fish 123,840 3,950 _. 61,550 15,500 40,000 2,840 Totals 2,694,440 161,045 1,353,700 108,300 596,900 473,495 Population, 1970 2,785 97 1,904 108 “9 3907 Mative Enrollment, 1973 2,869 124 1,912 127 306 320 Per Capita, 1970 968 1,660 711 1,012 1,618 1,542 Per Capita, 1973 939 1,299 708 eer 1,546 1,400 TABLE NO. 2-7 (continued)