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HomeMy WebLinkAboutFuel & Hazardous Materials Best Management Practices Manual 1985Alaska Power Authority STS aCe onal eee MMCLAerL Fuel and Hazardous Materials ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES MANUAL FUEL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS February 1985 Prepared by Frank Moolin & Associates, Inc. under contract to Harza-Ebasco Susitna Joint Venture PREFACE This manual is one of a series of "best management practices" manuals to be used in the design, construction, and maintenance of Alaska Power Authority projects. It presents a coordinated effort involving federal, state and local government agencies, and special interest groups. The Alaska Power Authority intends that applicable guidelines and state-of-the- art techniques contained in the manuals will be incorporated where appropriate into the contractual documents for projects constructed, maintained, or operated by or under the direction of the Alaska Power Authority. PREFACE CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 2 2.1 2.2 CHAPTER 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 TABLE OF CONTENTS - INTRODUCTION - ACCOUNTABILITY AND SAFETY FUEL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TRACKING AND INFORMATION SYSTEM 1.1 Procurement and Receipt 1.2 Storage 1.3 Disposal 2 2. 2. PERSONNEL TRAINING AND SAFETY PROGRAM - STORAGE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS GENERAL STORAGE GUIDELINES Above/Underground Bulk Fuel Storage Explosives . Indoor Storage of Flammable/Combustible Liquids Corrosives Reactive Chemicals Compressed Gases WWW Ww RRP PRY eee see Ant Wwnre PETROLEUM, OIL AND LUBRICANTS (POL) 3.2.1 Storage Containers 3.2.2 Storage Area Design EXPLOSIVES 3.3.1 Storage of Explosives and Blasting Agents 3.3.2 Magazine Construction Guidelines 3.3.3 Mixing Facilities for Blasting Agents and Water Gels 3.3.3.1 Mixing Equipment for Blasting Agents 3.3.3.2 Mixing Equipment for Water Gels CHAPTER 4 - HAZARDOUS WASTES CHAPTER 5 - REGULATORY AUTHORITIES PAGE TABLE 10 11 12 LIST OF TABLES Classifications of Combustible and Flammable Liquids Minimum Distance Relative to Property Lines, Public Ways, Buildings Minimum Tank Spacing Distance for Storage of Explosive Materials Construction Requirements Common to All Types of Magazines Alternative Minimum Specifications for Bullet-Resistant Magazines Type 1 Storage Requirements Type 2 Storage Requirements Type 3 Storage Requirements Type 4 Storage Requirements Type 5 Storage Requirements Recommended Separation Distances of Ammonium Nitrate and Blasting Agents from Explosives or Blasting Agents PAGE 19 22 23 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 38 FIGURE 1 2 3 LIST OF FIGURES Product Tracking and Information System Procurement and Receipt Storage Disposal 11 CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION The Alaska Power Authority has prepared this best management practices (BMP) manual as one of a series of manuals to be used in design, construction, opera- tion, and maintenance of Power Authority projects in Alaska. This BMP manual identifies some of the major elements that comprise on-site Management of hazardous materials, and presents guidelines which reflect codes and regulations for accountability, storage, and disposal. Not all elements or guidelines will be appropriate for a particular site. In addition, federal, state and local laws may impose specific requirements on particular Power Authority projects or activities. This manual is not a substitute for case-by-case identification and compliance with all laws and regulations applicable to Power Authority projects. The terms "hazardous materials" and "hazardous wastes" are used throughout this manual. For purposes of this manual, these are materials which have potential to cause substantial harm to humans or the environment. However, because each environmental Taw may define "hazardous materials" or "hazardous wastes" in a different manner, this manual cannot provide a definition of these terms that will be accurate in all contexts. A substance or material is "hazardous" when it meets one of the defined charac- teristics in any one of several environmental laws and/or because it is actually found on a Tist of substances or materials which the Taw defines as hazardous. To constitute a "hazardous waste", the hazardous substance must first be a "waste". The laws regulating hazardous wastes provide very specific legal definitions for what constitutes a waste. These laws are discussed in Chapter 4, Since hazardous materials and hazardous waste management are heavily regulated at the federal and state level, permitting requirements are important in project planning. Applicable regulations and permitting requirements may determine the kind of hazardous materials and waste management strategies used for individual projects. The following are important factors that should be an integral part of Power Authority project planning: 0 Identify project goals and describe hazardous materials and waste generation necessary. 0 Identify statutes, regulations and agencies which regulate either the proposed activity or its impacts. In particular, determine whether existing Power Authority permits control the activities or impacts involved. 0 Compare burdens imposed by regulations and/or permits for pro- posed activities and alternatives (including costs associated with modifying activities to reduce or eliminate requirements). ° Develop and implement permitting strategy to obtain timely issuance of permits. Chapter 2 of this manual discusses accountability and safety elements common to on-site management of hazardous materials. Chapter 3 addresses storage of hazardous materials with emphasis on the two types of products most common to construction projects in Alaska: 1) explosives, and 2) petroleum, oils and lubricants. Chapter 4 discusses the requirements for identification, treatment, storage, and disposal of hazardous wastes. Regulatory authorities governing hazardous materials and hazardous wastes are listed in Chapter 5. CHAPTER 2 - ACCOUNTABILITY AND SAFETY All Power Authority projects will be required to develop and implement an accurate accounting and product information system for any fuel or hazardous materials from delivery to the site, through storage and use, to final disposal. Training programs must also be designed and conducted to assure that fuel and hazardous materials will be appropriately handled to protect both human health and the environment. 2.1 FUEL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TRACKING AND INFORMATION SYSTEM A product tracking and information system must be developed to alert workers of proper procedures for handling hazardous materials and hazardous wastes and potential environmental and health dangers if mishandled. Equally important, the system must facilitate compliance with the "cradle- to-grave" reporting provisions of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and its implementing regulations discussed in Chapter 4. The most immediate but least detailed form of product information is the manufacturer's direct labeling of containers. Proper labeling should contain a description of the product, recommended uses, recommended storage conditions, and safety precautions. Individual data sheets available from the supplier for specific products provide the next level of information. Such sheets usually contain typical properties, recommended storage conditions, safety procedures, environmen- tal considerations, and spill control procedures. A third level of information involves the manufacturers’ material safety data sheets (OSHA Form 20). Concise chemical and physical properties such as specific flammability, explosivity, chemical reactivity, or toxicity are reported. Also included are special protection or precautions required. Figure 1 depicts an example of a product tracking and information system for a project whose hazardous wastes are transported offsite to an EPA- approved treatment or disposal site. The following sections discuss the functional relationships and components of the system and the three princi- pal positions (for purposes of this example designated as "Materials Coordinator", "Issue/Return Coordinator[s]", and "Disposal Coordinator") responsible for implementation. 2.1.1 Procurement and Receipt (Figure 2) Product tracking and information dissemination begins with a request for requisition of materials. These requisitions are reviewed by the Materials Coordinator, who is fully cognizant of applicable state and federal regu- lations governing hazardous materials, and who has access to product information provided from manufacturers or other sources. The requisitions are forwarded to the procurement office for purchasing and are accompanied by copies of product information data. Completed copies of purchasing documents along with the product information are sent to the receiving Project Fuel & Hazardous Manager Materials Alaska Power Requisitions Authority Applicable Regulatory Agencies Supplier Project Medic Materials Procurement Coordinator Manufacturer POL Facility issue/Return Handlers Coordinator Oilers a Licensed Issue/Return Explosives Coordinator Handlers Explosives Magazine Manufacturer/Transporter Compressed Gas Issue/Return Welders INFORMATION Warehouse Coordinator Cutters COMMUNICATION Disposal Waste Receiving Coordinator Staging Area MATERIAL ads INVENTORY/RECORDS ee PRODUCT EPA Approved’ Transporter ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY PRODUCT TRACKING & INFORMATION SYSTEM Wastewater Water Service Personnel Misc. Chemical Issue/Return Warehouses Coordinator EPA Approved Treatment & Disposal Site Fuel and Hazardous Materials Requisitions Materials Procurement 7 Coordinator . ® 2 2 ° s = 3 = G = Issue/Return Receiving Coordinator(s) Manfacturer/Transporter ee MATERIAL mee INVENTORY/RECORDS ee PRODUCT INFORMATION ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY PROCUREMENT AND RECEIPT office. Another copy of the purchasing document is sent to the Materials Coordinator who notifies the appropriate Issue/Return Coordinator(s) that the product(s) has been ordered and provides copies of product information. Fuel and hazardous materials arriving onsite at project receiving are checked for labels and must be accompanied by a manifest containing product information from the manufacturer. Incoming shipments are checked against the receiving office's copies of purchasing documents. Copies of receipt documents are sent to the procurement office and the Materials Coordinator. A copy of the manifest accompanying the shipment is also forwarded to the Materials Coordinator. 2.1.2 Storage (Figure 3) Once the material has been received onsite, the Materials Coordinator is responsible for distributing appropriate documentation to the product supplier, applicable regulatory agencies, and the Issue/Return Coordina- tor(s) in charge of recordkeeping at each product storage facility. The Materials Coordinator also sends product information data to the Disposal Coordinator, and to project safety and medical personnel. The actual material, accompanied by a copy of the manifest, is delivered to the appropriate storage facility by the transporter where it is off-loaded and stored according to the instructions and warnings contained on the manifest, container labeling, and product information distributed at the time of purchasing. Applicable Regulatory Agencies Supplier Project Safety Officer Project Medic Materials Coordinator —, A Product Issue/Return Receiving Storage Facility Coordinator Disposal MATERIAL Coordinator = INVENTORY/RECORDS PRODUCT INFORMATION ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY STORAGE All requests from users for products stored at the site are documented through the Issue/Return Coordinator responsible for the product. This coordinator is also responsible for informing users of potential hazards associated with the product. Products returned to the storage facility (i.e. unused explosives to be returned to the magazine) are also documented through the Issue/Return Coordinator. 2.1.3 Disposal (Figure 4) Wastes generated from project activities or defective products are deliver- ed by the users to the Disposal Coordinator who documents their arrival at the waste staging area at each project site. Copies of records of incoming materials to the waste staging area are sent to the Materials Coordinator. The Disposal Coordinator is responsible for identifying and segregating hazardous wastes from nonhazardous wastes in compliance with the RCRA regulations for hazardous waste determination (40 CFR 262.11), identifica- tion, and characterization (40 CFR 261). The Disposal Coordinator shall arrange for transport and disposal of hazardous wastes or defective pre- ducts through an EPA-approved transporter to either the vendor of the defective product or an EPA-approved treatment and disposal site, as appropriate. Offsite shipments are packaged and labelled according to federal Department of Transportation regulations and are accompanied by an approved uniform manifest that is completed by the Disposal Coordinator (40 CFR 262, Subpart B; see 49 CFR 172, 173, 178 and 179). A copy of the manifest is sent to the Materials Ccordinator who jis responsible for fulfilling reporting requirements to applicable regulatory agencies and the -10- Applicable Regulatory Agencies Supplier Materials Coordinator Disposal - Coordinator Staging Area EPA Approved sae MATERIAL Transporter ao INVENTORY/RECORDS Se PRODUCT INFORMATION EPA Approved Treatment and Disposal Site ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY 2.2 original supplier of the material and for compliance with the ongoing RCRA recordkeeping and reporting requirements set out at 40 CFR 262, Subpart D. PERSONNEL TRAINING AND SAFETY PROGRAM Personnel assigned to handling hazardous materials or hazardous wastes must complete a training course to ensure that they are aware of hazardous materials management procedures and safety measures. Training for person- nel handling or using hazardous materials must include at least the follow- ing elements (8 AAC 15): 0 Methods and observations that may be used to detect the presence or release of a hazardous substance in the work area (monitoring programs, odors, etc.) 0 Potential health hazards (definitions and product identification as presented on Material Safety Data Sheet or equivalent) in the work area- 0 Personal protection equipment 0 Appropriate handling procedures ° Recordkeeping and inventory procedures 0 Preventive maintenance -12- 0 Emergency procedures and equipment ° Explanations on how to obtain and use material safety informa- tion. Training programs required for personnel handling hazardous wastes are detailed in the RCRA regulations at 40 CFR 265.16. The training program must comply with RCRA training requirements and should be designed to allow facility personnel to respond effectively to emergencies. -13- CHAPTER 3 - STORAGE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS This chapter is directed principally at facility designers responsible for the design of hazardous materials storage areas. The guidelines presented are not intended to be all-inclusive and are based on codes and regulations current at the time of publication. Applicable federal, state, and local regulations must be determined and complied with on a case-by-case basis. Storage regulations for hazardous wastes are discussed in Chapter 4. 3.1 GENERAL STORAGE GUIDELINES Storage facilities for hazardous materials must be designed to segregate materials which may react upon contact with one another. Minimum distances between storage areas and residential facilities, wells, public roads, property boundaries, and natural resource features (such as waterbodies) are specified for storage of many products. In addition, the facilities must be designed and constructed to protect the materials from wildlife intrusion, weather, and any other changes which could affect composition or sensitivity. Showers, eye-wash stations, and fire protection equipment should be incorporated into the design. 3.1.1 Above/Underground Bulk Fuel Storage In general, above-ground storage of bulk liquids, particularly combustible liquids, must be in containers meeting certain specifications. Additional- ly, the bulk storage facility is generally required to have a containing berm constructed around it and to be of sufficient size to hold and retain -14- all of the contents of the largest on-site storage container. Underground storage of bulk liquids also requires tanks meeting certain specifications, as well as cathodic protection for metal tanks. Underground tanks exceed- ing a certain size must have monitoring devices to detect leakage. More specific guidelines for bulk fuel storage are presented in Section 3.2. 3.1.2 Explosives Explosives are stored in either permanent or portable magazines that are designed for the types of explosives that may be stored in them. Specific guidelines for storage of explosives are contained in Section 3.3. 3.1.3 Indoor Storage of Flammable/Combustible Liquids According to 29 CFR 1926/1910, the amount of flammable/combustible liquid that may be stored in a building depends upon the building's fire resis- tance rating and the presence or absence of an automatic fire extinguishing system. For instance, facilities of less than 150 square feet with a l-hour fire resistance rating and an automatic fire extinguishing system may store up to 750 gallons. The same facility without an automatic fire extinguishing system is limited to a storage capacity of 300 gallons. Containers holding more than 30 gallons may not be stacked. Ground floor storage is preferred for flammable/combustible liquids. At least one outside wall is required for connected flammable storage rooms. Other structural characteristics include the following: -15- 0 Blow-out panels (recommended) 0 Impermeable wall and floor joints 0 Self-closing fire doors 0 At least one exterior door (preferred) 0 A drain and diking system at least 4 inches high in front of all openings; drains must connect to a safe outside collection area 0 Unobstructed 3-foot wide aisles 0 Secure shelving and racks Mechanical and electrical provisions to be included in the design of storage facilities for flammable/combustible liquids include the following: 0 An alarm system 0 Ventilation with at least a ten times per hour air turnover 0 Exhausts from the floor, ceiling, and all possible dead-air spaces 0 Flame arrestors in vents -16- 0 Air intake directly from the outside within 1 foot of the floor level; with proper dampers, air may come from inside a connected building. 0 Temperature and humidity control 0 Adequate lighting; switches should be installed on the outside of the room or building. 0 Adequate grounding of all racks, scuppers and other conducting elements 3.1.4 Corrosives Corrosives must be stored in a dry, cool, ventilated (at least 6 times per hour air turnover) area and must not be directly exposed to sunlight. Sprinkler systems should be installed. All corrosives must be stored in containers recommended by the manufacturer. Temperature and humidity control must be provided. Fans must be direct drive, non-sparking and corrosion resistant. 3.1.5 Reactive Chemicals Reactive chemicals (including oxidizing and reduction agents, complexers, etc.) must be provided with storage space in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight. The storage area must be fireproof and protected from extreme and rapid temperature changes. As these materials aye J} 3.2 may be water-sensitive, it is advisable that no water service be provided to the building. The use of wood for shelving, flooring, etc. is not recommended since oxidizing and reactive chemicals may react with organic materials. 3.1.6 Compressed Gases Cylinders used for the storage of fuel gas or oxygen should be stored in well-ventilated areas. If the area is used for other purposes, storage of gas is limited to 2000 cubic feet of acetylene or non-liquified flammable gas. The cylinders must be separated at least 20 feet from flammable and combustible materials. The storage area should be located where cylinders will not be knocked over or damaged by passing or falling objects. For outside storage, provisions must be made for ease of access and handling during all seasons and for protection against wildlife intrusion. Outside storage areas should be located well away from traffic lanes and be de- signed with an adequate cover which will withstand projected snow loads and winds. PETROLEUM, OILS AND LUBRICANTS (POL) Typical POL products that will be stored and used at Power Authority Project sites are diesel oil, gasoline, aviation fuels, hydraulic fluids, anti-freeze, lubricants, solvents, and rust inhibitors. Most POL products are flammable in different degrees varying from explosive in nature to merely flammable (classifications of combustible and flammable liquids are shown on Table 1), are classified as caustics and irritants to human and -18- TABLE 1 CLASSIFICATIONS OF COMBUSTIBLE AND FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS Combustible Liquid. A liquid having a flash point at or above 100°F (37.8°C). Combustible liquids shall be subdivided as follows: Class II liquids shall include those having flash points at or above 100°F (37.8°C) and below 140°F (60°C). Class IIIA liquids shall include those having flash points at or above 140°F (60°C) and below 200°F (93.4°C). Class IIIB liquids shall include those having flash points at or above 200°F (93.4°C). Flammable Liquid. A liquid having a flash point below 100°F (37.8°C) and having a vapor pressure not exceeding 40 pourds per square inch (absolute) at 100°F (37.8°C) shall be know as a Class I liquid. Class I liquids shall be subdivided as follows: Class IA shall include those having flash points below 73°F (22.8°C) and having a boiling point below 100°F (37.8°C). Class IB shall include those having flash points below 73°F (22.8°C) and having a boiling point at or above 100°F (37.8°C). Class IC shall include those having flash points at or above 73°F (22.8°C) and below 100°F (37.8°C). Source: National Fire Codes (NFPA 30) -19- animal flesh, and can be carcinogenic. All PCL products are considered potential pollutants. 3.2.1 Storage Containers The National Fire Protection Association standards (NFPA 395) are applic- able to the storage of flammable and combustible liquids (i.e. POL pro- ducts) at rural construction projects where it jis customary to obtain fuels in bulk and dispense or transfer under control of the owner or contractor. (The standards do not apply to storage of 25 gallons or less of flammable and combustible liquids in containers not exceeding 5-gallon capacity, or to fuel oil tanks and containers connected with oi] burning equipment as covered in NFPA 31.) Individual containers constructed of metal or other materials approved by the U.S. Department of Transportation may be used to store 60 gallons or Tess of flammable and combustible liquids. These individual containers must not be interconnected. Drumruns, if stored horizontally, should not exceed two drums wide and three drums high with a minimum of 5 feet between runs. All drumruns should be placed on 4x4-foot dunnage and be chocked at both ends. Outside storage for containers of Class I flammable liquids must be at least 10 feet from any building and well away from traffic lanes; inside storage may be in a building used exclusively for storage of flammable and combustible liquids that is located at least 10 feet from any other building. Buildings used for storage of Class I flammable liquids must have at least two 64-square-inch vents placed at floor level for cross-ventilation. -20- Flammable and combustible liquids of 61 to 1,100 gallons may be stored outside of buildings in tanks constructed of at least 14-gauge steel. The tanks must be of single-compartment design. Joints must be riveted and caulked, riveted and welded, or welded. Tank heads over 6 feet in diameter must be dished, stayed, braced, or reinforced. Each tank must have a free opening vent of the following minimum nominal pipe size to relieve vacuum or pressure: Tank Capacity Vent Diameter (gallons) (inches ) up to It 276-660 2 661-900 2h 901-1100 3 These tanks and any transfer operation must then be at least 40 feet from any building and 100 feet from any well or water supply source. Stationary tanks must be mounted on timbers or blocks approximately 6 inches in height to protect the bottom of the tank from corrosion. The largest quantities (perhaps exceeding 50,000 gallons at any one on-site facility) of POL products stored at Power Authority project sites will consist of diesel oil, gasoline, and aviation fuels. These bulk products will be stored in either double-walled steel tanks or hypalon bladders designed and constructed according to NFPA 30 standards. Above-ground tanks and bladders of the types most likely to be used to store these products must be located at least the minimum distances shown on Table 2 from property lines, public ways, and buildinas, and at least 1,500 feet from waterbodies. In addition, each above-ground tank or bladder must be separated from another according to the minimum distances shown on Table 3. -21- TABLE 2 MINIMUM DISTANCES RELATIVE TO PROPERTY LINES, PUBLIC WAYS, BUILDINGS Minimum Distance (feet) Minimum Distance (feet) from Property Line from Nearest Side of Any Which Is or Can Be Built Public Way or from Tank Capacity Upon, Including the Opposite Nearest Important Building (gallons) Side of a Public Way on the Same Property 275 or less 10 5 276 to 750 20 5 751 to 12,000 30 5 12,001 to 30,000 40 5 30,001 to 50,000 60 10 50,001 to 100,000 100 15 100,001 to 500,000 160 25 500,001 to 1,000,000 200 35 1,000,001 to 2,000,000 270 45 2,000,001 to 3,000,000 330 55 3,000,001 or more 350 60 Source: National Fire Codes (NFPA 30) -22- TABLE 3 MINIMUM TANK SPACING (SHELL-TO-SHELL) Floating Roof Tanks Fixed Roof Tanks Class I or II Liquids All tanks not over 150 feet diameter Tanks larger than 150 feet diameter Remote Impounding Impounding Around Tanks Source: 1/6 sum of adja- cent tank di- ameters but not less than 3 feet 1/6 sum of adja- cent tank di- ameters but not less than 3 feet Class IIIA Liquids 1/6 sum of adja- cent tank di- ameters but not less than 3 feet 1/6 sum of adja- cent tank di- ameters 1/4 sum of adja- cent tank di- ameters National Fire Codes (NFPA 30) 1/4 sum of adja- cent tank di- ameters 1/3 sum of adja- cent tank di- ameters -23- 1/6 sum of adja- cent tank di- ameters 1/4 sum of adja- cent tank di- ameters 3.2.2 Storage Area Design POL storage areas should be built in accordance with American Society of Petroleum Engineers standards and must be contained to protect adjoining Property or waterbodies from possible spills. The accepted practice for containment is an impermeable diked area around individual tanks/bladders or around a group of tanks/bladders. The volumetric capacity of a diked area around an individual tank/bladder must be at least 100 percent of the capacity of the tank plus sufficient freeboard to allow for precipitation (greatest amount of rainfall that may reasonably be expected to occur in a storm and/or seasonal snow accumulation with melt). The volumetric capaci- ty of a diked area for a group of tanks/bladders must be at least 100 percent of the capacity of the largest tank/bladder plus freeboard for precipitation. A slope of at least 1 penvent from a tank/bladder must be provided for at least 50 feet or to the dike base, whichever is less, to facilitate pumping of precipitation accumulations by either a sump pump or a below-grade, explosion-proof pumping system, as appropriate. The outside base of the dike at ground level must be no closer than 10 feet to any property line. High-liquid-level alarms with audible and visual signal, high-level pump cutoff devices, a visual system for determining liquid levels, and other safety devices must be provided. Bladder storage areas must be fenced. Lighting should be provided for POL facilities used as project service stations during periods of darkness. Storage facilities must be protected against electrical spark or static discharge and, when practical, should also be fitted with lightning arrestors. Fire protection measures should -24- 3.3 include alarm systems, halon systems (where practical), and non-freezing extinguishers readily available for Class A, B and C fires. Transfer stations must be sized to accommodate the numbers of project vehicles and construction equipment for each specific project. All dis- pensing facilities must include anti-static devices and bonding wire to facilitate proper grounding. For those sites where petroleum products are delivered by marine tank vessels with a capacity of 10,500 gallons or more, the equipment requirements administered by the U.S. Coast Guard (33 CFR 154) must be incorporated into the design. EXPLOSIVES Explosives likely to be required for power projects include, but are not limited to: Dynamite and other high explosives Detonating cord Pellet powder Igniter cord Initiating explosives Igniters Detonators Primers Fuses Smokeless propellants Cartridges for propellant activated Squibs power devices Explosives are classified according to the degree of hazard they present. Class A explosives present a detonating or otherwise maximum hazard and include such substances as dynamite, nitroglycerin, picric acid, lead -25- oxide, fulminate of mercury, blasting caps, and detonating primers. Class B explosives, such as propellants, present a flammable hazard. Class C explosives, which present a minimum hazard, include certain types of manufactured articles containing Class A or Class B explosives, or both, as components, but in restricted quantities. The final classification, oxidizing material, is a substance that yields oxygen readily to stimulate the combustion of organic matter. 3.3.1 Storage of Explosives and Blasting Agents Explosives are stored in either permanent or portable magazines that are designed for the types of explosives that may be stored in them. Magazine classifications are as follows: Type 1 Magazine--A permanent magazine for the storage of explosive materials that are bullet sensitive such as dynamite and detonators which will mass explode. Type 2 Magazine--A portable or mobile magazine for outdoor or indoor storage of explosive materials that are bullet sensitive such as dynamite and detonators which will mass explode. Type 3 Magazine--A portable magazine for the temporary storage of explosive materials while attended. An example is a "day box" at the site of blasting operations. -26- Type 4 Magazine--A permanent, portable, or mobile magazine for the storage of low explosives, explosive materials that are not bullet sensitive, or explosive materials that will not mass explode. Type 5 Magazine--A permanent, portable or mobile magazine for the storage of explosive materials that are not bullet sensitive. Type 5 magazines include tanks, tank trailers, tank trucks, semi-trailers, bulk trailers, bulk trucks and bins. Ammonium nitrate, which is a common blasting agent, should not be accepted for storage when the temperature of the product exceeds 130°F. If stored indoors, ammonium nitrate should be stored in a separate building or be separated by approved firewalls of not less than l-hour fire-resistance rating from organic chemicals, acids, other corrosive materials, materials that may require blasting, compressed flammable gases, and flammable and combustible materials. Sulphur and finely divided materials should not be stored in the same building with ammonium nitrate. Unless constructed of non-combustible material or unless adequate facili- ties for fighting a roof fire are available, bulk storage structures for ammonium nitrate should not be over one story in height. Not more than 2,500 tons of bagged ammonium nitrate should be stored in a structure not equipped with an automatic sprinkler system. Bags of ammonium nitrate should not be stored within 30 inches of building walls and partitions. The height of the piles should not exceed 20 feet and no closer than 36 inches below the roof or overhead supporting and spreader beams. The width of the piles should not exceed 20 feet. Unless the building is of non- -27- combustible construction or protected by automatic sprinklers, piles should not exceed 50 feet in length. Aisles, at least 3 feet wide, should sepa- rate piles and at least one 4-foot wide service or main aisle should be provided. Due to the corrosive and reactive properties of ammonium nitrate, bins used to store the product should not be constructed of galvanized iron, copper, lead, or zinc. Aluminum bins and wooden bins protected against impregna- tion by ammonium nitrate are permissible. Piles or bins should be sized and arranged so that material is moved out periodically to minimize possi- ble caking. 3.3.2 Magazine Construction Guidelines Magazines must be located prescribed distances from inhabited buildings, passenger railways, public highways, and other magazines. Distances for all explosives are listed on Table 4. Tables 5 through 11 summarize construction and housekeeping guidelines for Magazines. Table 5 lists those requirements that are common to all types of magazines. Table 6 lists the minimum construction alternatives for magazines that will store bullet-sensitive materials (Types 1, 2 [outdoor], 3). Restrictions specific to each of the five types of magazines are shown on Tables 7 through 11. ~28- TABLE 4 DISTANCE FOR STORAGE OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS TT Dtstance in feet 1, Explosives when storage is barricaded?) Separation Pounds Pounds Inhabited Passenger Public of over not over buildings railways highways magazines 2 5 70 30 30 6 5 10 90 35 35 8 10 20 110 45 45 10 20 30 125 50 50 11 30 40 140 §5 55 12 40 50 150 60 60 14 50 75 170 70 70 15 75 100 190 75 75 16 100 125 200 80 80 18 125 150 215 85 85 19 150 200 235 95 95 21 200 250 255 105 105 23 250 300 270 110 110 24 300 400 295 120 120 27 400 500 320 130 130 29 500 600 340 135 135 31 600 700 355 145 145 32 700 800 375 150 150 33 800 900 - 390 155 155 35 900 1,000 400 160 160 36 1,000 1,200 425 170 165 39 1,200 1,400 450 180 170 41 1,400 1,600 470 190 175 43 1,600 1,800 490 195 180 44 1,800 2,000 505 205 185 45 2,000 2,500 545 220 190 49 2,500 3,000 580 235 195 52 3,000 4,000 635 255 210 58 4,000 5,000 685 275 225 61 5,000 6,000 730 295 235 65 6,000 7,000 770 310 245 68 7,000 8,000 800 320 250 72 8,000 9,000 835 335 255 75 9,000 10,000 865 345 260 78 10,000 12,000 875 370 270 82 12,000 14,000 885 390 275 87 14,000 16,000 900 405 280 90 16,000 18,000 2°40 420 285 94 18,000 20,000 975 435 290 98 20,000 25,000 1,055 470 315 105 25,000 30,000 1,130 500 340 112 30,000 35,000 1,205 525 360 119 35,000 40,000 1,275 550 380 124 40,000 45,000 1,340 570 400 129 45,000 ° 50,000 1,400 590 420 135 50,000 55,000 1,460 610 440 140 55,000 60,000 1,515 630 455 145 60,000 65,000 1,565 645 470 150 65,000 70,000 1,610 660 485 155 70,000 75,0C0 1,655 675 500 160 75,000 80,000 1,695 690 510 165 80,000 85,000 1,730 705 520 170 85,000 90,000 1,760 720 530 175 90,000 95,000 1,790 730 540 180 95,000 100,000 1,815 745 545 185 100,000 110,000 1,835 770 550 195 110,000 120,000 1,855 790 555 205 120,000 130,000 1,875 810 560 215 130,000 140 ,000 1,890 835 565 225 140,000 150,000 1,900 850 570 235 150,000 160,000 1,935 870 580 245 160,000 170,000 1,965 890 590 255 170,000 180,000 1,990 905 600 265 180,000 190,000 2,010 920 605 275 190,000 200,000 2,030 ° . 935 610 285 200,000 210,000 2,055 955 620 295 210,000 230,000 2,100 980 635 315 230,000 250,000 2,155 1,010 650 335 250,000 275,000 2,215 1,040 670 360 275,000 300,000 2,275 1,075 690 385 1) When storage is not barricaded, distances must be doubled. Source: Alaska Occupational Safety and Health Standards, Subchapter 09. TABLE 5 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS COMMON TO ALL_TYPES OF MAGAZINES ITEM REQUIREMENT Hinges and Hasps Shall be attached to doors by welding, or riveting, or bolting (nuts on inside ef door). Locks Each door shall be equipped with 2 mortise locks, or 2 padlocks fastened in separate hasps and staples, or a combination of a mortise lock and a padlock, or a mortise lock requiring 2 keys to open, or a three-point lock. Locks shall be five-tumbler proof. Padlocks shall be protected with 4" steel caps constructed to prevent sawing or lever action on locks or hasps. NOTE: Outdoor-mobile storage facilities with one steel, case-hardened, five- tumbler padlock, having at least a 7/16" shackle diameter, have been determined to meet necessary reauirements. Lighting In general, battery-activated safety lights or lanterns should be used for magazine types 1, 2, 3 or 4. Electrical illumination may be used when explosive- proof fixtures and wiring in rigid conduit are used inside and all electric switches are located outside the magazine. Heating Magazines requiring heat shall be heated by either hot water radiant heating connection within the magazine building or air directed into the magazine building over either hot water or low pressure steam (15 psig or less) coils located outside the magazine building. Radiant heating coils within buildings shall be installed so that the explosive materials or their containers cannot contact the coils and air is free to circulate between the coils and the explosive materials or their containers. Hot air discharged from heating ducts must not be directed against the explosive materials or their containers. The heating device shall have controls which prevent the ambient building temperature from exceed 120°F. Electric fans or pumps shall be mounted outside and separate from the wall of the magazine and shall be grounded. Electric fan motors and controls for electrical heating devices shall have overloads and disconnects. All electrical switching devices shall be located outside and separate from the walls of the magazine and shall be grounded. The heating source for water or steam shall be separated from the magazine by a distance of at least 25 feet when electrical and 50 feet when fuel-fired. The area between the heating unit and the magazine shall be kept clear of all combustible materials. Source: 27 CFR 181 TABLE 6 ALTERNATIVE MINIMUM 1) SPECIFICATIONS FOR BULLET-RESISTANT MAGAZINES ° Exterior of 5/8-inch steel lined on the interior with any type non-sparking material. ° Exterior of 1/2-inch steel lined on the interior with not less than 3/8-inch Plywood. ° Exterior of 3/8-inch steel lined on the interior with 2 inches of hardwood. ° Exterior of 3/8-inch steel lined on the interior with 3 inches of softwood or 2 1/4 inches of plywood. ° Exterior of 1/4-inch steel lined on the interior with 3 inches of hardwood. ° Exterior of 1/4-inch steel lined on the interior with 5 inches of softwood or 53 inches of plywood. ° Exterior of 1/4-inch steel lined with an intermediate layer of 2 inches of hardwood and an interior lining of 1 1/2 inches of plywwod. ° Exterior of 3/16-inch steel with an interior lining of 4 inches of hardwood. ° Exterior of 3/16-inch steel with an interior lining of 7 inches of softwood or 6 3/4 inches of plywood. ° Exterior of 3/16-inch steel with an intermediate layer of 3 inches of hardwood with an interior lining of 3/4 inch of plywood. oO Exterior of 1/8-inch steel with an interior lining of 5 inches of hardwood. ° Exterior of 1/8-inch steel with an interior lining of 9 inches of softwood. oO Exterior of 1/8-inch steel with an intermediate layer of 4 inches of hardwood and an interior lining of 3/4 inches of softwood. ° An exterior of any type of fire-resistant material which is structurally sound with an intermediate layer of 4 inches solid concrete block or 4 inches solid brick or four inches of solid concrete and an interior lining of 1/2-inch plywood placed securely against the masonry lining. ° Standard 8-inch concrete block with voids filled with well-tamped dry sand or well-tamped sand/cement mixture. ° Standard 8-inch solid brick. ° An exterior of any type of fire resistant material which is structurally sound with an intermediate 6-inch space filled with well-tamped dry sand or well-tamped sand/cement mixture. ° An exterior of 1/8-inch steel with a first intermediate layer of 3/4-inch plywood, a second intermediate layer of 3 5/8 inches well-tamped dry sand or sand/cement mixture and an interior lining of 3/4-inch plywood. ° An exterior of any type of fire-resistant material with a first intermedi- ate layer of 3/4-inch plywood, a second intermediate layer of 3 5/8-inch well-tamped dry sand or sand/cement mixture,.a third intermediate layer of 3/4-inch plywood, a fourth intermediate layer of 2 inches of hardwood or 14-gauge steel and an interior lining of 3/4-inch plywood. ° 8-inch thick solid concrete. 1) All steel and wood dimensions are actual thicknesses. All concrete block and brick dimensions are nominal thickness. Source: 27 CFR 181 TABLE 7 TYPE 1 STORAGE REQUIREMENTS ITEM REQUIREMENTS Walls See Table 5 FoundatTons ShatT be constructed of brick, or concrete, or cement block, or stone or wood posts. (If piers or posts are used, space under buildings shall be enclosed with metal.) Floors Shall be constructed of nonsparking material. Shall be strong enough to bear weight of maximum quantity to be stored. Root Outer root (except fabricated metal roots) shall be covered with either 26-gauge iron fastened to 7/8" sheathing, or 26-gauge aluminum fastened to 7/8" sheathing. Where possible for a bullet to be fired directly through roof and into storage facility, magazine shall be protected by either a sand tray, filled with not less than 4" of coarse dry sand, covering the entire ceiling area, except that necessary for ventilation, or fabricated metal roof construction of 3/16" plate steel, lined with 4" hardwood (for each additional 1/16" of plate steel, hardwood may be decreased 1°)3 Doors ~~ Shall be constructed of 1/4” steel. Shall be lined with 2" of hardwood. Hinges, Hasps, and Locks : See Table 5 Interfor "Shall be constructed of or covered with a nonsparking material. No sparking metal construction shall be exposed below top of walls in interior. All nails shall be blind-nailed or countersunk. Ventilation 2” air space shall be Teft around ceiling and perimeter of floors, except at doorways. Foundation ventilators shall be not less than 4"x 6". Vents in foundation, roof, or gables shall be screeded and offset. Ground Ground around storage facility shall slope away for drainage. TgToos, Army-type Shall be constructed of reintorced concrete, masonry, metal, or a Structures, combination of these materials. Tunnels and Dugouts Shall have an earthmount covering of not less than 24" on the top, sides and rear. Interior walls and floors shall bé covered with a nonsparking material. Floor, door, lock, ventilation, exposed metal, and lighting require- ments are as stated above. Uighting See Table 5 Heating See Table 5 Source: 27 CFR 181 ITEM Hinges, Hasps and Locks Tighting See Table 5 TABLE 8 TYPE 2 STORAGE REQUIREMENTS REQUIREMENTS See Table 5 Heating See Table 5 RESTRICTIONS ON TYPE 2 OUTDOOR STORAGE FACILITIES Size Shall be at least 1 cubic yard in size Ground “Outdoor storage facilities shall be supported in such a manner so as to prevent direct contact with the ground. Ground around storage facility shall slope away for drainage. Construction Sides, Bottoms, tops, and covers or doors shall be constructed of 4-inch steel and lined with 2-inches of hardwood. Unattended Unattended vehicular storage facilities shall have wheels removed or Storage shall be immobilized by kingpin locking devices. RESTRICTIONS ON TYPE 2 INDOOR STORAGE FACILITIES Location No indoor storage facility for storage of high explosives shall be located in a residence or dwelling. Storage facilities located in a warehouse, or wholesale or retail establishment, shall be provided with substantial wheels or casters to facilitate removal therefrom. No more than two indoor storage facilities shall be located in any one building. Two storage facilities may be kept in the same building only when one is used for storage of blasting caps and the other for storage of other high explosives. Each storage facility shall be located on the floor nearest ground level and within 10 feet of an outside exit. Indoor storage facilities within one building shall be separated by a distance of not less than 10 feet. Quantity No indoor storage facility shall contain a quantity of high explosive Restrictions in excess of 50 pounds or more than 5,000 blasting caps. WaTTs Shall be of either Wood (Shall have sides, bottoms, and covers or doors constructed of 2" hardwood and shall be well braced at corners. They shall be covered with sheet metal (not less than 20 gauge). Exposed nails shall be countersunk), or Metal (Shall have sides, bottoms, and covers or doors constructed of I2-gauge metal and shall be lined inside with a nonsparking material. Edges of metal shall overlap sides at least 1"). CAP BOXES Source: 27 CFR 181 Storage facilities for blasting caps in quantities of 100 or less shall have sides, bottoms, and covers constructed of 12-gauge metal, with hinges and hasps attached by welding. One five-tumbler proof lock shall be sufficient for locking purposes. TABLE 9 TYPE 3 STORAGE REQUIREMENTS ITEM REQUIREMENTS Construction Doors or covers, sides, bottoms, and tops shall be con- structed of 1/4-inch steel and lined with 2-inch hardwood. Hinges, Hasps and Locks See Table 5 Ground Ground around storage facility shall slope away for drainage. Unattended No explosive materials shall be left in storage facility if Storage unattended. Explosive materials must be removed to types 1 or 2 storage facilities for unattended storage. Lighting See Table 5 Source: 27 CFR 181 -35- ITEM Walls TABLE 10 TYPE 4 STORAGE REQUIREMENTS REQUIREMENTS Shall be of either masonry, or metal-covered wood, or fabricated metal, or combinations of these materials. Doors or Covers ShaTT be constructed of either metal or solid wood covered with metal. Foundations Shall be constructed of either brick, or concrete, or cement block, or stone or wood posts. (If piers or posts are used, space under buildings shall be enclosed with metal.) Tnterior ShaTT be Tined with nonsparking material. No sparking metal construction shall be exposed below top of walls in interior. All nails shall be blind-nailed or countersunk. Hinges, Hasps and Locks See Table 5 Tiahting See Table 5 Heating See TabTe 5 RESTRICTIONS ON TYPE 4 OUTDOOR STORAGE FACILITIES Ground Ground around storage facility shall slope away for drainage. Unattended Unattended vehicular storage facilities shall have wheels removed or Storage shall be immobilized by kingpin locking devices. RESTRICTIONS ON TYPE 4 INDOOR STORAGE FACILITIES Cocation No indoor facility for the storage of Tow explosives shall be cose in a residence or Saalisea: Storage facilities located in a warehouse, or wholesale or retail establishment, shall be provided with substantial wheels or casters to facilitate removal therefrom. No more than one indoor storage facility shall be kept in any one building. Storage facility shall be located on floor nearest ground level and within 10 feet of an outside exit. Quantity No indoor facility shall contain a quantity of low explosives in Restrictions excess of 50 pounds. Source: 27 CFR 181 TABLE 11 TYPE 5 STORAGE REQUIREMENTS ITEM REQUIREMENTS Doers or Covers Shall be constructed of either solid wood, or metal. Hinges, Hasps, and Locks See Table 5 Heating See Table 5 RESTRICTIONS ON TYPE 5 OUTDOOR STORAGE FACILITIES Ground Ground around storage facility shall slope away for drainage. Unattended Unattended vehicular storage facilities shall have wheels Storage removed or shall be immobilized by kingpin locking devices. RESTRICTIONS ON TYPE 5 INDOOR STORAGE FACILITIES Location No indoor storage facility for storing of blasting agents shall be located in a residence or dwelling. hw SSeS Source: 27 CFR 181 -36- 3.3.3 Mixing Facilities for Blasting Agents and Water Gels Buildings or other facilities used for mixing blasting agents and water gels should be located, with respect to inhabitated buildings, passenger railroads and public highways, in accordance with the distances shown on Table 4. In addition, the mixing facility should be separated from perma- nent explosive storage facilities in accordance with the distances shown on Table 12. Buildings used for mixing blasting agents and water gels should conform to the following requirements: ° Buildings shall be of either non-combustible construction or of sheet metal on wood studs. Floors in a mixing plant shall be concrete or other non-absorbent material. Floors should be constructed to eliminate open floor drains and piping into which molten materials could flow and be confined in case of fire. All fuel oi] storage facilities shall be separated from the mixing plant and be placed so that, in case of tank rupture, the oil will drain away from the mixing plant building. The building shall be well ventilated. Heating units which do not depend on a combustion process, when -37- TABLE 12 RECOMMENDED SEPARATION DISTANCES OF, 6) APMONTUM NITRATE AND BLASTING AGENTS “FROM EXPLOSIVES OR BLASTING AGENTS Minimum separation Minimum Donor Weight distance of receptor 2) Thickness Pounds Pounds when berricaded (ft.) of artificial over not over immonium astin barricade nitrate?) agent* (in.) 5) 10 3 Tr 12 100 300 4 14 12 300 600 5 18 12 600 1,000 6 22 12 1,000 1,600 7 25 12 1,600 2,000 8 29 12 2,000 3,000 9 32 15 3,000 4,000 10 36 15 4,000 6,000 ul 40 15 6,000 8,000 12 43 20 8,000 10,000 13 47 20 10,000 12,000 14 50 20 12,000 16,000 15 54 25 16,000 20,000 16 58 25 20,000 25,000 18 65 25 25,000 30,000 19 68 30 30,000 35,000 20 72 30 35,000 40,000 21 76 30 40,000 45,000 22 79 35 45,000 50,000 23 83 35 50,000 55,000 24 86 35 55,000 60,000 25 90 35 60,000 70,000 26 94 40 70,000 80,000 28 101 40 80,000 90,000 30 108 40 90,000 100,000 32 115 40 100,000 120,000 34 122 50 120,000 140,000 37 133 50 140,000 160,000 40 144 50 160,000 180,000 44 158 50 180,000 200,000 48 173 50 200 ,000 220,000 52 187 60 220,000 250,000 56 202 60 250,000 275,000 60 216 60 275,000 300,000 64 230 60 1) Nearby stores of high explosives or blasting agents are "donors". Ammonium nitrate, by itself, is not considered to be a donor when applying this table. Ammonium nitrate, ammonium nitrate-fuel oil or combination thereof are acceptors. If stores of ammonium nitrate are located within the sympathetic detonation distance of explosives or blasting agents, one-half the mass of the ammonium nitrate should be included in the mass of the donor. 2) When the ammonium nitrate and/or blasting agent is not barricaded, the distances shown in the table shall be multiplied by six. These distances allow for the possibility of high velocity metal fragments from mixers, hoppers, truck bodies, sheet metal structures, metal containers, and the like which may enclose the "donor". Where storage is in bullet-resistant magazines recommended for explosives or where the storage is protected by a bullet-resistant wall, distances and barricade thicknesses in excess of those prescribed in Table 4 are not required. 3) The distances in the table apply to ammonium nitrate that passes the insensitivity test prescribed in the definition of ammonium nitrate fertilizer promulgated by the National Plant Food Institute; and ammonium nitrate failing to pass said test shall be stored at separation distances determined by competent persons and approved by the authority having jurisdiction. 4) These distances apply to nitro-carbo-nitrates and blasting agents which pass the insensi- tivity test prescribed in the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations. 5) Earth, or sand dikes, or enclosures filled with the prescribed minimum thickness of earth or sand are acceptable artificial barricades. Natural barricades, such as hills or timber of sufficient density that the surrounding exposures which require protection cannot be seen from the “donor" when the trees are bare of leaves are also acceptable. 6) When the ammonium nitrate must be counted in determing the distances to be maintained from inhabited buildings, passenger railways and public highways, it may be counted at 4 times its actual weight because its blast effect is lower. Source: Alaska Occupational Safety and Health Standards, Subchapter 09. properly designed and located, may be used in the same building. 0 All direct sources of heat shall be provided exclusively from units located outside the mixing building. All internal-combus- tion engines used for electric power generation shall be located outside the mixing plant building, or shall be properly venti- lated and isolated by a firewall. The exhaust systems on all such engines shall be located so any spark emission will not be a hazard to any materials in or adjacent to the plant. 3.3.3.1 Mixing Equipment for Blasting Agents The design of the mixer should minimize the possibility of frictional heating, compaction, and confinement. All bearings and drive assemblies should be mounted outside the mixer and protected against the accumulation of dust. All surfaces should be accessible for cleaning. Mixing and packaging equipment should be constructed of materials compati- ble with the fuel, ammonium nitrate, or mixed composition. Suitable means should be provided to prevent the flow of fuel oil to the mixer in case of fire. In gravity flow systems, an automatic spring-loaded shutoff valve with fusible line should be installed. All electrical switches, controls, motors, and lights located in the mixing room should conform to the requirements in the National Electrical Code for Class II, Division 2 locations; otherwise they should be located outside -39- the mixing room, The frame of the mixer and other equipment that may be used should be electrically bonded and be provided with a continuous path to the ground. 3.3.3.2 Mixing Equipment for Water Gels The design of the processing equipment, including mixing and conveying equipment, should be compatible with the relative sensitivity of the materials being handled. Equipment should be designed to minimize the possibility of frictional heating, compaction, overloading, and confine- ment. Both equipment and handling procedures should be designed to prevent the introduction of foreign objects or materials. Mixers, pumps, valves and related equipment should be designed to permit frequent flushing, cleaning, dismantling and inspection. All electrical equipment including wiring, switches, controls, motors and lights, should conform to the requirements of the National Electrical Code for Class II, Division 2 locations. All electric motors and generators should be provided with suitable overload protection devices. Electrical generators, motors, proportioning devices, and all other electrical enclo- sures should be electrically bonded. The grounding conductor to all such electrical equipment should be effectively bonded to the service-entrance ground connection and to all equipment ground connections in a manner so as to provide a continuous path to ground. -40- CHAPTER 4 - HAZARDOUS WASTES RCRA applies to the management of hazardous wastes on Power Authority projects. Hazardous wastes, as defined in the RCRA regulation, will not be treated or disposed of at Power Authority project sites. Hazardous wastes will be identi- fied by the Disposal Coordinator as described in Chapter 2, segregated from non-hazardous wastes, and transported offsite by a licensed transporter to an EPA-permitted hazardous waste treatment, storage and disposal site. Prior to transport, hazardous wastes may be accumulated (i.e. stored) onsite for 90 days or Tess without obtaining a permit from EPA, provided that the generator (i.e. those who produce hazardous waste) complies with the RCRA regulations applicable to short-term storage (40 CFR 262.34). Generators who accumulate waste for greater than 90 days are subject to EPA permitting requirements and additional regulations applicable to hazardous waste facility operators (40 CFR 264 and 265). The Power Authority intends that all hazardous wastes generated from a project will be transported offsite within 90 days. It is important to note, however, that RCRA also imposes comprehensive and detailed requirements on generators who store hazardous wastes onsite for 90 days or less (see 40 CFR 262). The RCRA generator regulations at 40 CFR 262 require generators to conduct hazardous waste determinations (see Chapter 2), obtain EPA identification numbers, and comply with manifesting, pre-transport, recordkeeping and reporting requirements. Additionally, on-site storage for 90 days or less must be in accordance with RCRA container management and inspection (40 CFR 265, Subpart I), tank storage (40 CFR 265, Subpart J), preparedness and -41- prevention (40 CFR 265, Subpart C), contingency planning and emergency proce- dures (40 CFR 265, Subpart D), and personnel training requirements. This manual is not intended to serve as field guidance on hazardous waste management. The foregoing is a brief overview of some of the regulations applicable to hazardous waste identification, treatment, storage, and disposal. The RCRA regulations and state law (see 18 AAC 60) applicable to hazardous waste management must be consulted and complied with on each project. Applicable regulatory authorities should also be consulted during the pre-desion phase of a project to assist in identifying types and quantities of hazardous wastes that may be generated by the project, appropriate handling and storage practices, and applicable regulatory requirements. Inadequate initial planning and piecemeal staging facilities design efforts negate the goals of effective management of hazardous materials which are to meet statutory obligations and minimize potential risk to human health and the environment. -42- CHAPTER 5 - REGULATORY AUTHORITIES Hazardous materials and hazardous wastes are identified and regulated by numerous state and federal agencies because of their potential to adversely impact health and the environment. Some of the principal regulatory authorities and agencies are listed below. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 40 CFR 116 - designation of hazardous substances 40 CFR 260-270 - hazardous waste regulations 40 CFR 112 - of1 pollution prevention 40 CFR 110 - discharges of oi] into waters U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms 27 CFR 181 - explosive materials U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration 29 CFR 1926 - occupational safety and health standards 29 CFR 1910 - hazardous materials -43- U.S. Department of Transportation 49 CFR 107-179 - hazardous materials program procedures, requirements for shipments and packagings, transport, container specifications U.S. Coast Guard 33 CFR 153-156 - of] pollution prevention for marine oi] transfer facilities 33 CFR 126 - handling of explosives or other dangerous cargoes within or contiguous to waterfront facilities Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation 18 AAC 60 - solid waste Management 18 AAC 75 - spill containment and countermeasure plans Alaska Department of Labor 8 AAC 6 - general safety code, petroleum, explosives, occupational health and environmental control, toxic and hazardous substances Alaska Department of Public Safety 13 AAC 50 - codes and standards -44-