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HomeMy WebLinkAboutProposal to Assess District Heat Potential in Kotzebue, Ak 1981IN KOTZEBUE, KA SUBMITTED TO THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN RESPONSE TO THE "REQUEST FOR COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT APPLICATION No. 6500" JANUARY 15, 1981 PREPARED BY: ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC. P. 0. Box 6065 ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 99502 907 243-1942 PROPOSAL TO ASSESS DISTRICT HEAT POTENTIAL IN KOTZEBUE, ALASKA SUBMITTED TO THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN RESPONSE TO THE "REQUEST FOR COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT APPLICATION No. 6500" JANUARY 15, 1981 PREPARED BY: ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC. P. 0. Box 6065 ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 99502 907 = 243-1942 Krz o\\ CITY OF KOTZEBUE P.O. BOX 46 KOTZEBUE, ALASKA 99752 907-442-3401 January 15, 1981 Department of Housing and Urban Development Room B-133 (711 Bldg) (s 451-7th Street, ” Washington, D,J Dear Mr. Lee, * Enclosed ii ep application in response to the "Request for Cooperative Agreement_Arplicsiina 6500, Assess District Heating Cooling Systems PotentjAi in AS Br Dever ESpmgnt Block Grant Eligiblq Commmities." €Xzebué is a second Class Alaska City, located 3q miles north of the Arctic }Cirgle on Baldwin Peni a. We have full powerpB to implement a districthheak syseem, if it is fotmd to be in the best Enterests of the community. e @ity already manages er and sewer utglities. Kotzebue is eligible foptommmnity development block grants. Our interest in disty\ict heat stems from the fact fhat Kotzebue is 3 9 pletely dependent on petroleum for power generation dnd for space ° hég@ing. The community uses\ about a million gallons offoil for each per yea The oil must be light 15 miles to shore, fro barges which can come in the summer. Oil ‘now costs about $78 per dyum delivered. We pessimistic about the fu practicality of burning oil. Even though Ronpe fare generally very and the newer ones arp well insulated, the cost bf fuel is a very attend poating to everyone if the community, particularly in the way it affegts: quality. Forj this reason, there is a lot of c 2 ity interest*j ‘trict heat possibs . The City and, Sth SA jaken-<tngs ap téXae mine the feasibilit PEs ereeg Ee ea Mose, utlined in the proposal and next step is to do a detailed steer : pay Since the funds available underfthi to be sufficient for what we think dee a af be Lo] rue “GATEWAY TO NORTHWEST ALASKA” Please contact myself at the Kotzebue City Hall, 907-442-3401, con- cerning this proposal. In addition, Dr. John Beebee at Energy Systems Inc., 907-243-1942 helped us prepare this proposal, and can provide technical information concerning it. y erely, Gene City Manager, Kotzebue i Kotzebue is located 30 miles north of the Arctic Circle, on the northwest coast of Alaska. (See location map, p.2!). Kotzebue is 719 miles from Anchorage, the nearest large city. There is no overland route to Kotzebue for commerce. It has over 16000 F-degree days of heat needs. Oil must be barged to a point 15 miles offshore and lightered to shore. Oil costs about $1.32 per gallon to the consumer (includes delivery). Electricity costs about $.21 per kwh to residential consumers. Kotzebue has about 2600 residents and 500 houses. Houses average about 900 square feet of area so in general they could be considered overcrowded. The newer houses are well insulated, but the older homes are not well insulated. The majority of the homes now have furnaces rather than stoves. The change came about because people believe the furnaces heat more efficiently. The extreme expense of heat and electricity is a significant impediment to more comfortable and better housing. Kotzebue is a second class city,which means it has full powers to implement a district heat utility. It presently manages water, and sewer utilities. The City is eligible for community development block grants, has prepared a comprehensive development plan, and is the beneficiary of the community development block grant program and the mutual help program. Kotzebue does not meet all the standards of physical and economic stress listed in the Federal Register for Feb 20, 1980, to the extent that statistics are available. : The district heat work group is composed of the city council, which represents as well as possible all people and organizations in the community that must concur if a decision is to be made to build a district heat system; and two Alaska State representatives, since the State plans to participate financially in the project. The district heat work group will determine the overall direction of the project, and see that its results are publicized, and will determine follow-on work. Gene Moore, City Manager, will have overall responsibility for seeing that the project tasks are accomplished. He will be assisted by the City's engineers, and his other staff, in carrying out the details. The detailed district heat assessment work will be carried out by a firm qualified to design district heat systems. The individuals on the district heat work group and the city manager and his staff are as well qualified a local group as could be put together to meet the requirements of the solicitation. An assessment has been made of the possibility of using geothermal energy at Kotzebue. As part of this assessment, it was determined that geothermal energy was not feasible, but district heat looked promising. There is now underway a study of the economic geology of using local coal, either directly for heat or for generating power. A hydroelectric project is also being studied. It is clear that the next step is to do a more detailed study of the feasibility of district heat. It is anticipated that this will require the participation of an engineering firm with experience in designing and building district heat systems. The cost of this study is anticipated to be the major expense, about $135,000, with the remaining expenses being the overhead cost of the district heat study group, of choosing and contracting to a qualified firm, and of administering the contractor's work. The total cost is estimated to be $185,000, of which we are asking for $55,000 from HUD in this proposal and we are asking the Alaska Power Authority for $120,000 from funds already appropriated. The remaining expenses will be contributed by the City. 4. LEGAL APTLICANT/RECIPIENT . Apgtiosat Rost s City of Kotzebue fh Cxgentontian tall s City Manager ao ay? e, Dae + P.O. Box 46 acy s Kotzebue etewy s None & ote s Alaska eg utete 99752 bh Coatat Pomme (ome . A tiphens May 1 Gene Moore (907) 442-3401 7. TITLE AMD DESCRIPTION OF APPLICANTS PROJECT KOTZEBUE DISTRICT HEAT PROJECT Donny To assess the feasibility, of district heat in the |F Dictate city of Kotzebue. cca Enter agprepricts latter [F | ; &. TYPE OF ASSISTANCE S &-Buie Quant Diora SSapplemental Guat EOer rote agro. Cis prints better(a) 2 AREA OF PROJECT LMPACT (Voues of atin, ooontion, 12. ESNMATED NUM TYPE OF APPLICATION . Biaten, ata.) BER OF PERSONS | a nee ‘C-Rectslon E-tapwentation BENEFITING Benen BCrctieetien 1% PROPOSED FUNDING A. CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF: TYPE OF CHANGE (For 180 or 288) 5500029 | = arrucer & reoect Se pee, fe ventions Alaska Alaska Cece, pee N/A 0000 ee | 26 PROJECT START 17. PROJECT ©-Coecefietion 81 ‘12 Mena pute txt _T 1] SLCTION IT—IDTRAL ACENOY ACTION 15 NA 20. FEDERAL AGENCY TO RECEIVE REQUEST (Nome, City, State, XIP code) Zl. REMARKS ADOED 7 Housing and Urban Development, Washington, D.C. 20410 0 Yes [Ne zz @ Te the best of my keouleigs ond belief, | bh ty OMB Cicuter AOS this was sutettied, percent te e- Nore. Rerpouse data Ie this proapplicstion/agplicsiicn ove therein, te appruprists end all renpecses ase otinchet. sponse attached THE free end escrect, the decement bes been APPLICANT | daly octherized by the governing body of CERTIFIED | the ageticent and the appiiccnt wil comply | OO THAT > with the sfieched memursnces Mf the excist-| cr ence by approved. o = a TYPED RAME AXD TITLE e Gene Moore socatve}| City Manager OMR Approval No. 80-0184 PART Ill - BUDGET INFORMATION SECTION A = BUOGET SUMMARY [| is,000, |izoo00, | hs 55,000, _Jn30,500, fs is SECTION B - BUDGET CATEGORIES = Cron Progrom, Function or Activity in Gene Moore |in Staff s 15,885, §._ Construction h._ Other 41. 400 20,25 1, Total Direct Char 4 ' nS UFR] direct 15,885 ’ | b, TOTALS $= 7-100 $ 40,000 s 5 s 1, Progran income ‘ 5 $ 5 $ Assurances The Applicant hereby assures and certifies that it will comply with regulations, policies, guidelines and requirements, as they relate to the application, acceptance and use of Federal funds for this federally assisted project. As used below, the phrase “Federal financial assistance” includes any form of loan, grant, guaranty, insurance payment, rebate, subsidy, disaster assistance loan or grant, or any other form of direct or indirect Federal assistance. The applicant assures and certifies that: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. It will comply with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (P.L. 88-352), and in accordance with Title VI of the that Act, no person in the United States shall, on the ground of race, color, or national origin, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be otherwise subjected to discrimination under any program or activity for which the applicant receives Federal financial assistance and will immediately take any measures necessary to effectuate this agreement. It will comply with the Age Discrimination Act of 1975 (P.L. 94-135) which prohibits all age discrimination in all Federally assisted programs. It will comply with requirements of the provisions of the Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisitions Act of 1970 (P.L. 91-646) which provides for fair and equitable treatment of persons displaced as a result of Federal and federally assisted programs. It will comply with the minimum wage and maximum hour provisions of the Federal Fair Labor Standards Act, as they apply to employees. It will establish safeguards to prohibit employees from using their positions for a purpose that is or gives the appearance of being motivated by a desire for private gain for themselves or others, particularly those with whom they have family, business, or other ties. It will insure that the facilities under its ownership, lease or supervision which shall be utilized in the accomplishment of the project are not listed on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) list of violating facilities and that it will notify HUD of the receipit of any communication from the Director of the EPA Office of Federal Activities indicating that a facility to be used in the project is under considera- tion for listing by the EPA. = el eerieontg Saalarerestine _ poor ce Ses one 7. 8. 9. 10. -2- It will comply, to the extent applicable, with all the require- ments of Section 114 of the Clean Air Act, as amended (42 U.S.C. 1857, et. seq., as amended by Public Law 91-604) and section 308 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1251 et. seq, as amended by Public Law 92-500), respectively, relating to. inspection, monitoring, entry, report, and information, as well as other requirements specified in section 114 and section 308 of the Air Act and the Water Act, respectively, and all regula- tions and guidelines issued thereunder. It will comply with the flood insurance purchase requirements of Section 102(a) of the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973, Public Law 93-234, 87 Stat. 975, approved December 13, 1976. Section 102(a) requires, on and after March 2, 1975, the purchase of flood insurance in communities where such insurance is available as a condition for the receipt of any Federal financial assistance for construction or acquisition purposes for use in any area that has been identified by the Secretary of the Department of Housing and Urban Development as an area having special flood hazards. It will assist HUD in its compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 as amended (16 U.S.C. 470), Executive Order 11593, and the Archeological and Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (16 U.S.C. 469a-1 et seq.) by (a) consulting with the State Historic Preservation Officer on the conduct of investigations, as necessary, to identify properties: listed in or eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places that are subject to adverse effects (see 36 CFR Part 800.8) by the activity and notifying the Federal grantor agency of the existence of any such properties, and by (b) complying with all requirements established by HUD to avoid or mitigate adverse effects upon such properties. The applicant agrees that it will comply with Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended (29 U.S.C. 794, P.L. 93-112), and all requirements imposed by or pursuant to the regulations of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare (45 C.F.R. Parts 80, 81, and 84), promulgated under the foregoing statute. The applicant agrees that, in accordance with the foregoing requirements, no otherwise qualified handi- capped person, by reason of handicap, shall be excluded from participaton in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance, and assures that it will take any measures necessary to effectuate this agreement. 11. 12.. 13. 14. 15. 16. 3= It will comply with Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 (P.L. 90-284) ‘which prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin in the sale or rental of housing, including dwellings provided by Federal assistance programs, including guaranteed or insured loans, and dwellings situated on property developed, redeveloped or cleared with the use of Federal funds. It will comply with the provision of Executive Order 11990 relating to protection of wetlands. It will comply with the provisions of Executive Order 11988 relating to floodplain management. It will comply, to the extent applicable, with Title 1X of the Education Amendments of 1972, 20 U.S.C. 1681 et. seq-, which provides that no person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the educational program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance. It will comply with the equal opportunity clause prescribed. by Executive Order 11246, amended, and will require that its subrecipients include the clause in all contracts and sub- contracts which have or are expected to have an aggregate value within a 12-month period exceeding $10,000, in accordance with Department of Labor requirements at 41 CFR Part 60. It will include, and will require that its subrecipients include, the provision set forth in 29 C.F.R. 5.5(c)} pertaining to overtime and unpaid wages in any nonexempt nonconstruction contract which involves the employment of mechanics and laborers (including watchmen, guards, apprentices, and trainees) if the contract exceeds $2,500. -— ~ho Additional Assurances for Construction Projects If the proposed project involves construction, the applicant hereby assures and certifies that: 17. It will comply with the Architectural Barriers Act of 1968, as amended (42 U.S.C. 4151 et. seq.) and the standards issued pursuant to the Act. The applicant will be responsible for seeing that facilities are designed and constructed in accordance with applicable standards and for conducting ' inspections to ensure compliance with these specifications 18. 19. 20. by the contractor. It will comply, when required by the Federal program legislation, with the Davis-Bacon Act (40 U.S.C. 276a to a-7) and as supplemented by Department of Labor regulations (29 C.F.R, Part 5). This applies to all construction contracts and subcontracts awarded by the recipients and subrecipients of more than $2,000. Under this Act contractors and subcontractors shall be required to pay wages not less than once per week. The recipient or subrecipient shall place a copy of the current prevailing ~ wage determination issued by the Department of Labor in each solicitation and the award of a contract or subcontract shall be conditioned upon the acceptance of the wage determination. The recipient shall report all suspected or reported violations to the Federal sponsoring agency. When Federal program legislation provides that the Davis- Bacon Act applies, it will comply with the “Copeland "Antikick' Back Act” (18 U.S.C. 874) as supplemented in Department of Labor regulations (29 C.F.R. Part 3). This applies to all construction and repair contracts and contracts of recipients and sub-recipients in excess of $2,000. It provides that each contractor or subcontractor shall be prohibited from inducing by any means, any person employed in the construction, completion, or repair of public work, to give up any part of the compensation to which he/she is otherwise entitled. The recipient shall report all suspected or reported violations to the Federal sponsoring agency, . It will comply with sections 103 and 107 of the Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act (40 U.S.C. 327-33) as supplemented by the Department of Labor regulations (29 C.F.R. Part 5). This applies to contracts awarded -- 1. alt -5- by recipients or subrecipients for construction in excess of $2,000 and in excess of $2,500 for other contracts that involve the employment of mechanics or laborers. The person or persons whose signature(s) appear(s) below is/are authorized to sign this application, and to commit the applicant to the above provisions. . CITY OF KOTZEBUE, P. 0. Box 46, Kotzebue, Alaska 99752 Name and Address of Organization CITY MANAGER (907) 442-3401 Title of Official Telephone Number Fiat Signature of 15 January 1981 Date °B.3. COVEY PRINTIEG OFTICE 1 1979 O-311-300/177 10. TABLE OF CONTENTS . . . Relationship of the Proposal to the CDBG program Relation of Proposer to a CDBG Eligible Community... Quality of Applicant's Capability and Commitment ... a. Principle tasks and subprojects . ......e-e«e- b. Commitment . 2. 2. 2 « «© «© «© © © © © © © © ew ew ww The District Heat Assessment Work Group . . . « « « « « Opportunities for District Heating and Cooling Systems Distress of the CDBG-Eligible community .......--. Project Budget . 2... « « « « © «© © © © © © © © © 8 Formats of Quarterly and Final Reports ......ee-. Figures . 2. 2 6 © © © © © © © © © © eo ew we ee ww Location Map . 2. . 2 « «© © © © © © © © © © © oe ew ew ew Kotzebue City Map . ... « « «© « «© © © © © © © © © «© Appendices and Supporting DocumentS ......e.-e-«+-s. “Appendix A Qualifications of participants Appendix B Letters of Agreement to participate in DHWG Appendix C Kotzebue Geothermal Project Appendix D Kotzebue Community Profile E Appendix Letters of Support for Project PROPOSAL NARRATIVE 1. Relationship of the Proposal to the Community Development Block Grant Program, The proposed district heat study is for Kotzebue, Alaska. Kotzebue is a second class city under Alaska Statutes, which means that it is eligible for community development block grants and can assume responsibility for heat, power, and light. Kotzebue has received a CDBG for renovation of a teen center and a day-care center. The main focus of HUD programs in Kotzebue has been to improve the quality of housing. The NANA (Northwest Alaska Native Association) Regional Housing Authority, a non-profit corporation set up under the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, has built 60 single family homes through the mutual help program and is planning to build a 44-unit apartment complex this summer. HUD has also given grants through a home winterization program. $131000 was spent for rehabilitation of 43 homes. 45 applicants were turned away. Occupants of mutual help housing in Kotzebue have their heating costs subsidized by HUD. Kotzebue has a comprehensive community development plan, written in 1971, and updated from time to time. Housing conditions in Kotzebue were substandard at the time of the 1970 census. The majority of the 410 units lacked one or more plumbing facilities, and the average home contained three rooms and housed 4.8 persons. At this time, 42 per cent of the houses were valued at less that $5000 by their owners, and only 47 homes had a value of more than $10,000. Kotzebue has over 16000 F-degree days of heating per year (and no cooling needs). The average temperature in December, January, and February is -4 F and the average low in these months is -ll F. These figures understate the heating need in Kotzebue, because there is a fairly steady wind. Kotzebue is 719 miles from Anchorage, the nearest large city. There is no commercial land transportation route to Kotzebue. All goods come by water or air. Almost all space heat and electricity comes from burning oil. Electric generation consumes about a million gallons annually, space heat of houses consumes about half a million gallons, and public and commercial space heat consumes another half million gallons. (A little wood is burned for space heat, and there is 4kw of wind-electric capacity.) Homes were generally heated by a convective space heater (stove). During the last 10 years, the majority of the houses have been equipped with some kind of furnace, as these are perceived as being more efficient and effective. Also, the newer houses and some of the older houses are well insulated. To illustrate the Kotzebue energy problem, a 400 watt fan running a year would consume over $770 worth of electricity. Many of the houses in Kotzebue seem to be underheated, and this frequently causes plumbing failure due to freezing of the pipes. The average house uses only about 900 gallons of oil per year for heat, but at current prices the cost of this oil would be $1,300. The average monthly residential electric bill is $91. The cost of heat and operating heating equipment is a severe impediment to housing quality in Kotzebue. It is alsoa large expense in operating public and commercial buildings. Coal is seen presently as being the most promising replacement for oil. The mining, transporting, and burning of coal from nearby sources would create local employment. Coal burned in individual space heaters would probably have a serious detrimental effect on Kotzebue air quality. By burning it in a central plant, it would be more feasible to apply abatement measures. Also, cogeneration would be possible. Thus, district heat is seen as offering some attractive benefits: 1. Lower heat-electricity costs. 2. More local employment. 3. Less air pollution. 2. Relation of proposer to a CDBG eligible community The proposer is a CDBG eligible community. 3, Quality of Applicant's Capability and Commitment, a. Principle tasks and subprojects to be undertaken. (Gene Moore is City Manager of Kotzebue. He has a staff to assist him in carrying out the usual functions of a city manager's office. The city engineer is Quadra Engineering, Inc. The District Heat Working group is the City Council--Milton Cross, Jeff Smith, Nellie Ward, Paul Harris, Royal Harris, Dennis Tiepleman, Willie Goodman-- and two representatives of the State of Alaska--Donald Markle of the State Division of Energy and Power Development and Brent Petrie of the Alaska Power Authority. Qualifications of these parties are outlined in Appendix A. It is anticipated that much of the work would be done by contract to a firm experienced in the design and construction of district heat systems.) Task Person or group responsible Preparation of management Gene Moore, with the assistance and work plan, and agenda of the city engineer and staff. for the DHWG. (Task 1) Approval of management and DHWG work plan. Identification of additional parties necessary to functioning of DHWG Identification of major tech- nical tasks that must be accomplished to fully assess the feasibility of district heat. (Task 2) Recruitment of firms qualified to design and assess district heat systems. Selection and approval of subcontractors. Assessment of institutional, legal and financial factors. (Task 4) Detailed feasibility study. (Task 3) Alternative fuels Peat Geothermal Coal Synfuels Oil Hydroelectric Heat sources Cogeneration Heat pumps Heat only boilers Pollution abatement Gene Moore and DHWG City Engineer and staff Gene Moore with assistance of City Engineer,and staff District heat working group . Gene Moore and staff. District heat engineering firm Conceptual design of distribution system. Distribution temperature Layout and sizing of mains Specifications of materials and construction methods. Location, size, and type of major equipment (pumps, controls pressurizers,heat source, etc.) Environmental protection system. Storage or backup system. Design of house connections and recommended method of retrofitting buildings for district heat. Determination of the cost of heat from the proposed system. Recommendations Fuel Heat source Distribution system design Method of building retrofit Assessment of environmental Gene Moore and staff. and economic impact on the community. Public meeting to discuss DHWG, with assistance alternative heating pro- of all relevant parti- jects. (Task 5) cipating parties. District Heat working DHWG group plan of action (Task 6) Providing technical To be arranged support in district by Gene Moore heat to other CDBG eligible communities (Task 7) This proposal was prepared by John Beebee, Energy Systems Inc, Box 6065, Anchorage, Alaska, 99502, with the assistance of the staff of the City of Kotzebue and the Alaska Division of Energy and Power Development. It was written under contract to the Alaska Division of Energy and Power Development. This arrangement came about because while assessing the feasibility of geothermal energy at Kotzebue Energy Systems Inc. became familiar with energy facts about Kotzebue. Energy Systems Inc. does not plan to have any further involvement in the project. b. Commitment. * It is not anticipated that the study of legal, institutional, and environmental factors will indicate any significant obstacles to construction of a district heat system in Kotzebue. The City of Kotzebue can assume the power to organize a district heat utility, secure financing, authorize the displacement or modification of existing public utilities to accommodate district heat, and contract for the construction of a district heat system. (It should be said here that the problems of constructing a district heat system in Kotzebue are greatly different than in downtown urban areas. There are very few problems in obtaining rights-of-way, displacing existing utilities, etc. There is no pavement to break. The problems are more in the remoteness of the location, the permafrost, the cold, and the need for extreme system reliability.) The City Council of Kotzebue, the proposed district heat working group, could commit the city to construction. It is not known at present what power the City of Kotzebue has to induce people to connect to the system. The most important single question which must be answered by the proposed study is whether a reliable district heat system can provide heat more economically than burning oil in the present system of individual stoves and furnaces. The second most important factor is whether the heat can be provided from local fuel. Because of pessimism about the future of burning oil, there is a lot of local sentiment to do something. The NANA Regional Corporation, which owns most of the local coal, has a policy of providing it to local communities at no profit to itself. The Alaska Power Authority has indicated that it will commit about $120,000 to the proposed project. The State of Alaska appropriated $600,000 for a Kotzebue geothermal project, of which about $550,000 is unexpended and may be reprogrammed to a more comprehensive study of heat sources for Kotzebue. The Kotzebue Electric Association, an REA coop, presently is committed to supplying all of its waste heat to the city water utility. It is represented on the proposed DHWG. 4, The District Heat Assessment Work Group, The district heat working group will be composed of the members of the Kotzebue City Council, and two representatives of the State. The Chairman will be Mr. Milton Cross, Mayor of Kotzebue. Gene Moore, City Manager of Kotzebue, will be the project manager. He will participate in the DHWG meetings and prepare the agendas, but will not have a vote. The district heat working group will be responsible for approving the expenditure of funds, augmenting its own membership, approving major policy decisions, advising the project manager, and seeing that community needs are being addressed ,and reporting results to the community. Gene Moore, aided by his staff, will be responsible for carrying out the tasks needed to complete the project and reporting results to the district heat working group. The technical tasks, specifically the detailed assessment of district heat feasibility, will be carried out, as much as possible, by a qualified contractor. The City employs an engineering firm, Quadra Engineering Inc, that can provide the DHWG and the project manager with advice on technical matters. The rationale for this arrangement is as follows. The principle incentive to construct a district heat system in Kotzebue would be if such a system could deliver heat reliably at a cost competitive with oil heat. There are specific engineering problems tht must be solved before it can be determined whether district heat is economical in this sense. The best way to resolve these problems is to have a qualified district heat engineering firm do a detailed feasibility study. The institutional, financial, legal, and environmental obstacles to district heat at Kotzebue are relatively minor. The greatest such problem would be inducing people to connect. The strongest inducement to people to connect and to mobilize the resources necessary to organize and construct a district heat utility would be the promise of cheaper, more convenient, and more reliable heat. “The most effective way for Kotzebue to obtain a detailed feasibility study is to contract a qualified firm. The proposed DHWG will insure that this contract results in some benefit to the community, and that follow on steps are taken. The asSignment of tasks and responsibilities is as close as possible to the present work arrangement between the City Council, the City Manager, the City Engineer, and outside contractors. The following organizations in Kotzebue have an interest in district heat: Arctic Lighterage transports goods to the outlying villages around Kotzebue, and is the present supplier of oil. The City of Kotzebue manages the present water and sewer utilities, and owns most of the required rights-of-way. The NANA Regional Corporation owns many of the local coal resources and has an intense interest in improving economic conditions in the region. The Kikitagruk Corporation is the Kotzebue Village Corporation. It has an intense interest in improving economic conditions in Kotzebue, and if it was advantageous might organize a private district heat utility. _ The Mauneluk Association is the non-profit arm of the NANA regional corporation, It is a quasigovernmental organization with contracts to provide many social services in the region, such as regional planning, health, and manpower. The NANA Regional Housing Authority, a part of the Mauneluk Association, carries out housing programs, including HUD's, in the Northwest Alaska region. The following state agencies have a mandate to improve the Alaska energy situation: The Alaska Power Authority The Alaska Division of Energy and Power Development. b. Level of commitment The City of Kotzebue has agreed to participate as outlined in the principle tasks and subprojects to be undertaken in section 3. Specifically, the City will provide the services of the project manager and the city council to the extent outlined in the section on project budget. Appendix B contains agreements by the City Council members to participate on the DHWG. The State of Alaska will provide the funds necessary to allow a detailed study of the district heat possibility at Kotzebue. In addition, the State has undertaken an assessment of the geothermal prospects at Kotzebue (Appendix C) and has done a study of the economic geology of the coal prospects in the region. 5. Opportunities for District Heating and Cooling Systems, The City of Kotzebue and the State of Alaska have undertaken several studies that constitute a preliminary feasibility study for district heat at Kotzebue. Further, the United States Public Health Service worked for 17 years on the public water and sewer system for Kotzebue. The lessons learned in constructing this public work in Kotzebue need to be examined in assessing district heat. The drawings for this system should be a big help in the conceptual design of a district heat distribution network. Attached as an appendix is a draft of an assessment of | geothermal energy at Kotzebue. This study was undertaken to determine what might be the best way to spend $600,000 that was appropriated by the Alaska Legislature for a Kotzebue Geothermal Project. Existing data was gathered together and presented to an advisory group, that included representatives of the City of Kotzebue, the NANA corporation, the Mauneluk Association, and geothermal experts from several universities and National Laboratories. It was determined that geothermal energy is not likely to be an economical heat source for Kotzebue. However, in assessing the potential of geothermal energy at Kotzebue, a preliminary feasibility analysis was done on district heat. The district heat portion of the geothermal project, without the geothermal heat source, looked sufficiently promising that the advisory group suggested it should be looked at in greater detail, which was the original suggestion for answering this solicitation. (See pp. 38-40 of appendix C) It was estimated that 1980 heating needs were .72 X 19" btu per year. The ratio of peak to average heat demand was 2.3. The mains for the geothermal district heat system were layed out by following the loops of the present water system. (See map, p.22) It was necessary to transmit the water from over a mile out of town because of the possibility of subsidence around the proposed geothermal wells (Kotzebue is only 10 feet above sea level). This added considerably to the cost. Also, the mains had to be sized for the low (150 F) temperature geothermal water anticipated, and 10 this added to the expense of the mains (and to the pumping energy required.) With all of these compromises, which would not be necessary with a coal fired system, the cost of delivering 1.16 X 10") ptu per year was $1.1 million per year, or $9.48 per million btu. (This cost includes an allowance for retrofitting house heating systems, but does not include the cost of heating the water.) The present cost of heating with oil is about $14.80 per million btu. Although the heating density of Kotzebue is low,7,733 btu per sq ft, there are other cities with similar densities heated by district heat, and district heat seems to be generally feasible if public water and sewer is feasible. The heating density of Kotzebue can only increase. Kotzebue is located on a small spit, and virtually all of the usable land has been claimed or occupied. Of 827 acres on the spit, 400 acres are reserved for public purposes, 74 acres are used for residential purposes, 34 are used for commercial and industrial purposes, public and semipublic facilities occupy 32 acres, and streets occupy 67 acres. There are local sources of coal. The Alaska Power Authority has been looking at the possibility of utilizing this coal. The results of these studies are not yet available, but coal has the advantage that it creates jobs in the local economy. Because of the problems with burning coal, in handling it and air pollution abatement, it seems that coal can best be used with a central heat or heat/power plant. Much of the local coal is owned by the NANA corporation, which will provide it to local villages at no profit to itself. The hydroelectric options in this part of the state have been examined, but they do not look very promising. Because of the winter storage problem, any hydroelectric development must be ona large scale, and there is not enough demand in the region to support such a project. Also, the potential sites do not look especially good. Alaska apparently has a vast peat resource, and this is being 11 examined for the state as a whole. At this time, it is not clear what the situation is near Kotzebue, but it is probable that, since peat must be used where it is harvested,that peat would not be suitable for firing a district heat plant at Kotzebue. The geothermal project appears to be infeasible, because impermeable basement is reached at a depth of 2000 ft, where temperatures above 130 F are not anticipated. However, it is anticipated that adequate volumes of water could be found around this depth at slightly less than this temperature. If the volume was adequate, something that could only be determind by drilling and pump testing, and the pressure was sufficient to bring the water close to the surface, which is not anticipated, then the use of heat pumps might be feasible. The present water system uses piping that is very well insulated. The water is heated presently with waste heat from the power plant. It might be possible to supply 100 F water to the housés by means of the present water system and then boost the temperature by means of individual heat pumps. This alternative does not appear promising because the mains are probably too small and because of the very high cost of electricity in Kotzebue. The present power plant is diesel electric. It appears to be possible to recover almost enough heat from the power plant to heat the town, but all of this heat is already committed to the water system, and the future cost of diesel fuel makes it desirable to replace the power plant, though there are no plans to do this. Two petroleum wells were drilled in the area, one at Nimiuk point, 17 miles NE of Kotzebue, and one at Cape Espenberg, 40 miles SW of Kotzebue. These wells were dry holes. The best petroleum prospects seem to be offshore, and the federal government plans a lease sale, but natural gas appears to be a distant and uncertain prospect. At this stage, the most feasible option appears to be to heat Kotzebue by means of a coal fired dual purpose power plant or a 12 heat only boiler and a district heat system. It seems unlikely that the feasibility of this could be determined without settling a number of fundamental design questions: water temperature, protection of the heating system from the Kotzebue environment, the cost of coal and coal fired heat and power, layout of the system, cost of retrofitting to district heat, and the cost of abating the heating plant emissions. Because of the extreme climatic conditions at Kotzebue, a considerable amount of attention must be given to protecting the system from the environment, permafrost and freezing, and to reliability. Without some specific design solutions it will not be possible to determine whether or not the distribution network can deliver heat more cheaply and reliably than oil. 6. Distress of the CDBG-Eligible community, ~ The following statistics compare Kotzebue with the standards of physical and economic stress published in the Federal Register, Feb 20,1980,pp. 11448-11449. Kotzebue does not have a population over 50,000,is not an urban county, and is not a metropolitan city. _ A. Age of Housing. At least 33.77% of the applicant's year-round housing units must have been constructed prior to 1940, based on U.S. Census data, in order to meet this minimum standard. Kotzebue only had a population of 372 people in 1940, so it only had about 80 houses then, compared with over 500 today. B. Per capita income. The net increase in per capita income for the period 1969-1975 must have been $1,762 or less, based on U.S. census data, in order to meet this minimum standard. Kotzebue per capita income increased from $2095 in 1969 to $5383 in 1975. C. Population Lag/Decline For the period 1960-1976 the 13 percentage rate of population growth ( based on corporate boundaries in 1960 and in 1977) must have been 16.68% or less, based on U.S. Census data, in order to meet the minimum standard. The population of Kotzebue in 1960 was 1290. In 1977 it was 24317 D. Unemployment. The average rate of unemployment for 1978 must have been 5.95% or greater, based on data compiled by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in order to meet this minimum standard. In 1978 the unemployment rate for the Kobuk Census Division was 13.6%. This number vastly understates the rate of unemployment for both Kotzebue and the Kobuk Census Division. To be recorded as unemployed, a person must be seeking work. Subsistance is a very important part of the economy in the Kobuk Census Division. Many people do not seek to work for wages because it is not available. “E. Job lag/decline. The rate of growth in retail and manufacturing employment for the period 1967-1972 must have increased by 7.08% or less, based on U.S. Census data, in order to meet this minimum standard. If data is not available for both retail and manufacturing employment, the percentage used will be the median for either retail employment or manufacturing employment, based upon the median for those cities on which both sets of data are available. Not available for Kotzebue. F. Poverty. The percentage of persons within the applicants jurisdiction at or below the poverty level must be 11.07% or more, based on 1970 U.S. Census data, in order to meet this minimum standard. For the unique distress factor, the poverty level must be 16.605% or more and the 1975 per capita income must be not greater than $4,889. For the Kobuk census division, of which Kotzebue is a part, 37.7% of all persons had an income less than the poverty level in 14 1970. The figure for Kotzebue alone is certainly above 17%. The 1975 per capita income in Kotzebue was $5,383. 15 1. Project Budget For the project budget, an estimate was made of the person-days time required to complete each of the tasks in section 3. These are shown below. Person Days Activity City Engineer Con- Task Manager Staff DHWG tract Preparation of management 4 5 work plan Approval of work plan al; 1 1 Identification and recruit-— ment of additional members of the DHWG iL Al 1 Identification of major technical tasks 1 9 1 Identification of firms qualified to do district heat assessment work ni 5 1 Selection and approval of contractors 1 al a Contract preparation 10 16 Assessment of institutional, legal, financial, and envi- ronmental aspects of dis- trict heat 20 Detailed feasibility study of district heat 240 Public meeting to discuss alternative district heat projects 1 4 2 5 Preparation of district heat working group plan : of action 2 20 2 5 Technical support in dis- trict heat to other communities 4 Preparation of reports 20 Totals 12 80 9 270 For work by the City Manager's office, the actual daily cost of running that office was used for estimation purposes. For work by the staff, which is about 70% work by Quadra Engineering, the City's engineer, and the Contractor, a qualified district heat engineering firm, it was determined from similar projects that direct charges for professional labor, overhead, direct travel, and fee added up to about $500 per person-day. This figure was used for estimation purposes. Expenses of the DHWG were difficult to estimate. The expenses anticipated are travel ($2,400), reimbursement for time away from job ($600), and publicity and meeting expenses ($400). Le City Manager Staff DHWG Contractor Total $7100 $40,000 $3,400 $135,000 $185,500 The sources of these funds are anticipated to be as follows: City of Kotzebue State of Alaska HUD $10,500 $120,000 $55,000 18 ee ee eee 61 1. City Mgr. 2, Staff 6 Object Class Catagories D cP rec abo d. Fringe Benefits ¢. Trove 4 Eqnparrt 1, Conractval . Constractvon h, Other 1 Total Direct Char a, TOTALS 1, Program lncome _inanet trazes HEEB Pro in Gene Moore lin Staff a lect MMR Approval No. 80-RO1RA PART Ill = BUDGET INFORMATION ps too, fs tds 7,109 | 40,000, | | 40,000, fy OHWG too 5400, ] Lu contractor| | 15,000, tizoso, | | a5 on [storms fs 55,000, Jrn30,500, fs ds ds 985500, J . SECTION B = BUDGET CATEGORIES 4,608, 1,015, 1,200, 59, 41. 7,100, s 15,885, 5 885 540,000 5,830, 2,400, 600, 2,400. 400 s 44,423, 20 16,303. 9,600, Sa = | $ 65,516. 23,148. 15,600. 8. Formats of Quarterly and Final Reports Outline of Quarterly Report 1. Summary of progress, contracts let, administrative actions, decisions and important findings. 2. Minutes of DHWG meetings. 3. Summary of time and funds expended on the project. 4. Appendices a. Reports from subcontractors. b. Administrative documents, such as contracts, Management and work plans, letters, etc. Outline of Final Report « 1. Summary of the study and results obtained. a. Management and work plan b. Names and addresses of DHWG, project manager and other project participants. c. Major technical tasks. d. Summary of DHWG meetings. e. Summary of public meeting to discuss alternate district heat projects. £. DHWG plan of action. 2. Reports of subcontractors a. Assessment of legal, institutional, financial, and environmental aspects of district heat at Kotzebue. b. Report of district heat engineering firm on the feasibility of the system. 20 pts a diperomtowvecs oF LOCATION MAP ei ee 22 Memorjal Aergdrome \ Ra het Wie _ KOTZEBUE CITY MAP ———— Water Main 1000 feet Eskimo Building KOTZEBUE SOUND Water source 10. Appendices and Supporting Documents Appendix A Qualifications of participants. Appendix B Letters of Agreement to participate in DHWG Appendix C Kotzebue Geothermal Project Appendix D Kotzebue Community Profile Appendix E Letters of support for project 23) Synopsis of Resume of: Gene F. Moore P O Box 186 Kotzebue, Alaska 99752 Employment Oct. 78 - Present Jun. 77 - Oct. 78 Sept. 75 - Apr. 77 Apr. 74 - Sept. 75 Feb. 54 - Apr. 74 Education High School: College: Other: Personal Age: Date of Birth: Place of Birth: Appearance: Health: Affilations: Home Phone 907-442-3407 Work Phone 907-442-3401 City Manager City of Kotzebue, Alaska Town Manager Town of Bluefield, Virginia City Manager City of Manassas Park, Virginia Dir. Community Development/Acting City Manager City of Manassas Park, Virginia Superintendent of Operations Control Center. Office of the Secretary United States Air Force (Pentagon) Washington, D.C. Sand Hill, Asheville, North Carolina University of Omaha, Omaha Nebraska ° University of Maryland, Far East Division, Japan Numerous courses in Public Administration, Engineering Political Science, Economics and Management both in residence and correspondence. 43 December 23, 1936 Asheville, North Carolina Height: 6' ; Weight 185 lbs. Excellent American Legion VFW Lions Club Alaska Municipal Managers Assoc. International City Management Assoc. American Management Assoc. ' American Water Works Assoc. American Society of Public Administration Society of Planning Officials Alaska Municipal League National League of Cities American Industrial Development Assoc. References and expanded resume available on request. er ee ie ee on Brief Resume of City Council Members Milton Cross - Mayor elected 1979 Eskimo - Active duty pilot with Alaska National Guard Willie Goodwin - Vice Mayor elected 1979 Eskimo - Commercial Fisherman Paul Harris - Council Member elected 1978 Caucasian - Local Businessman Royal Harris - Council Member elected 1976 Caucasian - Manager of Arctic Lighterage and Chevron Dealer Jeff Smith - Council Member elected 1977 Caucasian - Director of Regional Affairs, Mauneluk Association Dennis Tiepelman - Council Member elected 1980 Eskimo - President Mauneluk Association Nellie Ward - Council Member elected 1978 Eskimo - Kotzebue Broadcasting Association (KOTZ) b bias be eS ath AIEy ° ‘Howard C. Holtan : QUADRA . ENGINEERING, INC. _ EDUCATION M.S. in Engineering Management, 1977 University of Alaska B.S. in Civil Engineering, 1968 Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA PROFESSIONAL REGISTRATIONS P.E. and Land Surveyor, Alaska PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS American Society of Civil Engineers American Public Works Association EXPERIENCE In March, 1977, Mr. Holtan became one of the four principals involved in establishing QUADRA Engineering, Inc. Mr. Holtan strengthens the firm's planning, design and construction capabilities with a strong baa areas in transportation, drainage and site improvements. Prior to the formation of QUADRA, Mr. Holtan was employed by the Municipality of Anchorage for 1-1/2 years where he was responsible for the administration of public works engineering survey and design. He directed the implementation of an approximate $20 million annual capital improvement program for construction of roads, storm drains, bike trails, and Municipal buildings including schools, offices and maintenance facilities. Mr. Holtan supervised the review of plans and specifications for private development of public improvements in subdivisions and planned unit development. He was also project manager for special studies including the Municipality Section 208 Areawide Water Quality Management Plan and development of an Anchorage Stormwater Management Model. : Prior to City/Borough unification Mr. Holtan was employed by the Greater Anchorage Area Borough for 1-1/2 years. In this position he was responsible for roads and drainage functions for the Borough including Engineering, Traffic and Maintenance. Mr. Holtan directed the implementation of an approximate $7 million annual capital improvement program for construction of roads, storm drains, bike trails, Maintenance support buildings and acquistion of equipment. He also directed ~ the performance of roads and drainage maintenance budgeted annually at approximately $2.5 million. Mr. Holtan would assume duties of the Public Works Director in his absence. : From February, 1972 to June, 1974 and prior to 1970, Mr. Holtan was with the City of Anchorage. He supervised professionals and subprofessionals in the preparation of engineering plans and specifications for construction of storm drainage, parks and recreation, airport and sanitary landfill capital improvements. From April, 1970 to January, 1972, Mr. Holtan was employed by Dravo Corporation of Bellevue, Washington. He performed project engineering for a $3.5 million bridge across the Copper River at Chitina, Alaska. Duties included design and layout of construction plant such as pile driving equipment, concrete formwork, steel erection falsework and a temporary work bridge; preparation of a project schedule, monthly and final cost and progress reports; administration of sub-contract work and permanent material delivery; claims negotiation; supervised construction survey crews and office engineering staff; prepared estimates for competitive bidding for new construction. elcid semen lat ed — eon — = enice-meyere ype eur “499 ¢ ee -.“2 - tem ee etre wee Bonnie Bladow QUEDRA ENGINEERING, INC. EDUCATION Undergraduate Studies, 1968-71 University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee AA in Accounting, 1976 University.of Alaska, Anchorage EXPERIENCE In May, 1980, Ms. Bladow joined QUADRA Engineering, Inc. as an Administrative Assistant to Mr. Holtan. In this capacity, Ms. Bladow is responsible for project control of Municipal Capital Improvement Projects totaling over 15.6 million dollars. Her duties include maintenance of budget and project control worksheets, project status report updates, review of Municipal accounting documents, preparation of assembly memorandums , verification of funding availability, review of contract billing, and other management tasks as directed. Prior to joining QUADRA Engineering, Ms. Bladow was employed by the Community Enterprise Development Corporation of Alaska (CEDC) from November, 1979 to May, 1980. As External Auditor, Ms. Bladow traveled to remote areas and performed independent audits of the financial statements of ventures receiving loans, grants, or other investments from CEDC. Her audit verified that the venture complied with grant and loan conditions and ensured an established accounting system with internal controls adequate to safeguard the venture's assets. In addition, Ms. Bladow checked the accuracy and reliability of the accounting data and prepared a management: report detailing the venture loan and grant data and auditor's observation and recommendations. Before working for CEDC, Ms. Bladow spent three years working for the Municipality of Anchorage Public Works Department, as an accountant. In that capacity, Ms. Bladow was responsible for the cost accounting system for the Engineering, Construction, and Public Services Division as well as the Capital Improvement Projects Budget. She input, reviewed and analyzed cost data, maintained control ledgers detailing work order activity, interfunded charges, verified accuracy of accounting reports, compiled management reports, audited and classified receipt and expenditure documents, and maintained detailed expenditure ledgers for Capital Improvement Projects. From May, 1974 to March, 1976, Ms. Bladow worked as an Accounting Clerk III, Accountant I, and Accountant II. Originally, she was employed by the State of Alaska, State Operated Schools as an Accounting Clerk III. After two months she was promoted to an Accountant I. State Operated Schools disbanded in July 1975, and the Alaska Unorganized Borough School District was formed. In November, 1975, Ms. Bladow was promoted to Accountant II. Her duties included fiscal responsiblity for programs funded by State and Federal grants amounting to over $2.5 million, preparation of complex federal reports, budget preparation and control and maintenance of accounts receivable ledger. From April, 1971 to February, 1974, Ms. Bladow worked in several positions .including bookkeeper, tax clerk, and statistical clerk. ’ BRENT N. PETRIE January 1981 BUSINESS ADDRESS: Alaska Power Authority 333 West Fourth Avenue, Suite 31 Anchorage, Alaska 99501 (907) 277-7641 EDUCATION vo August 1974 M.S. Water Resources Management, University of Wisconsin-Madison June 1972 B.A. Georgraphy, University of Denver: Denver, Colorado Major Area: Physical Geography Minor: Mathematics RELEVANT EXPERIENCE Management of interdisciplinary and interagency water resource programs and projects. Institutional and technical analyses of management, development, and protection of water and related land resources. September 1980 - present: Project Manager, Energy Reconnaissance and Feasibility Studies, Alaska Power Authority. . November 1978 - August 1980: Chief, Water Management Section, Alaska Department of Natural Resources. November 1977 - November 1978: Water Management Officer III, Division of Forest, Land and Water Management, Alaska Department of Natural Resources. June 1977 - October 1977: Senior Planner, Planning and Research Section, Alaska Depart ment of Natural Resources. January 1977 - June 1977: Associate Planner, Planning and Research Section, Alaska Department of Natural Resources. August 1974 - December 1976: Program Coordinator, Water Resources Management Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison. PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1974 - Present Member-American Water Resources Association STA?) 8 6iy Sy a3 , o-" BRENT N. PETRIE 1973 - Present 1975 - Present 1977 - Present 1977 - Present 1977 - Present January 1981 Member-Water Pollution Control Federation _ Affiliate member-Association of Environmental Engineering Professors, Committee member: “ Legislation and Training Member-Alaska Geological Society Member-National Water Well Association - Technical Division Member-Alaska Groundwater Association a RESUME ' Donald R. Markle Telephone 334 E. Second Ave. Residence (907) 272-7985 Anchorage, Alaska 99501 i Work (907) 276-0508 Marital Status: Married Suzanne EDUCATION 1968 - 1970 ; Portland State University Geology/Geophysics 1972 é Oregon State University Geological Field Research 1970 - 1972 University of Hawaii BS/BA Geology/Geophysics 1972 University of Hawaii Geology of the Ontong Graduate Study Java Plateau - R/V Kona Keoki Research Project Student Teaching 1975 Atlantic Richfield Computer modeling school WORK HISTORY 7 * 1979 - 1980 State of Alaska - Division of Energy and Power Development, Department of Commerce and Economic Development. Energy Projects Manager - Manage five person staff that coordinates 28 Research and Demonstration projects throughout the State of Alaska. The projects are multi-desciplined and have a combined budget of over 4.5 million dollars. All projects are energy related and alternative to fossil fuel. Public speaker for numerous occasions advocating alternative energy use and explaining State policy on same. Projects presently in progress at the Division: Wind U. S. Department of Energy - Rockwell International Field Evaluation : Program for Small Wind Energy Systems Two wind generation systems are being tested in Alaska. 2kw area power operational in Kotzebue. 18kw Stormaster to be erected by November 1980 in Homer, Alaska. Kotzebue Wind Project 2kw wind generator erected in 1979. Operational and being monitored by the school district in Kotzebue. Lime Village Wind Demonstration Project Wind regime- analysis underway. Plan to study wind regime for 6 months to determine the practicality of wind powered community freezer - construction summer of 1980. Nelson Lagoon Wind Demonstration Project Grumman Corporation presently environmentally testing replacement system for original windmill in this intertie system. Windstream 33 to be erected in the spring of 1981. Newhalen Wind Demonstration Project Stand alone wind system erected October 7, 1980 for use to power washeteria at Newhalen. 8kw Stormaster system was erected. System modification planned for severe Alaskan weather regime. Sheldon Point Wind Demonstration Project Subsistance wind energy prototype design to be tested Decenber 1980. Wind farm erection spring of 1981. Skagway Wind Demonstration Project Negotiating with city and private utility to intertie vertical axis wind machine to provide power for municipal buildings on energy trade basis. Unalakleet Wind Demonstration Project Contract being negotiated with local cooperative for electrical intertie using horizontal axis wind generator. System to be installed in the summer of 1981. Wind power to supply peak demands of the town. Biomass Alaska Peat Assessment Demonstration Project - 1 Inventory of Alaska peat lands. Report complete detailing arial extent, quantity and quality of Alaskan peat resources. AVEC Wood Gasification Demonstration Phase II design modification and endurance testing of wood/peat gasification in tandum with diesel generators. One year program is presently underway. ld ee apa ee eel Delta Agriculture Proejct Biomass Assessment Econonic evaluation of options for use of biomass from clearing agricultural lands and waste farm product available at Delta. This report is available from the Division. Interior Wood Assessment Study Joint Federal/State project to determine energy potential using wood in Interior Alaska. Generic overview and site specific development plan for best case community. The study will be out for Request for Proposal in November 1980. Multi-Fuel Stove Demonstrations Multi-Fuel stoves are being tested in a housing project in Selawik to determine practicality of this system in the Selawik Region. Installed the first week of October 1980. Conservation Super Insulated Office Demonstration Project Small scale demonstration of energy conservation technologies to be implemented in December 1980. . ~; Waste Heat Capture Agriculture Demonstration Project Joint Federal/State study on the feasibility of using waste heat fron diesel generators for agricultural growth enhancement. This project will actually design systems to be installed in Phase II. Request for Proposal to be out in December 1980. Waste Heat Organic Rankine Cycle (ORCS) Electrical Generator Demonstration Project Experimental binary generator using organic fluid will be used in conjunction with diesel generator for waste heat recovery. The system is installed at Manley Springs, Alaska. A one year monitoring period will follow. Geothermal Alaska Geothermal Development Plan - 1979, Development scenarios have been conpleted for communities and resources for 15 geothermal sites in Alaska. This document available fron the Division. = ane =a a. -- is See! is im Se i eas. oid en ee me ee orewmee Dutch Harbor - Unalaska Geothermal Exploration Field mapping north end of Unalaska Island complete. Two fumerole zones found and a second hot spring locality mapped. Preliminary gravity complete and shallow drilling program completed. Preliminary report due to middle of December 1980. Field season July 20 - October 1, 1980. , Kotzebue Geothermal Study Two meetings have been held with State and local officials and scientists concerning the possibilities of geothermal development in Kotzebue. The results and recommendations of these studies are available. A scoping study will determine the future energy course for the city. This should be completed February 1980. Synthetic Fuels Hydrogen Assessment Request For Proposal for generic overview of hydrogen energy potentials in Alaska is out for solicitation. Other Angoon Alternative Energy Assessment * Scoping study underway comparing tidal use with other forms of energy available at Angoon. Preliminary engineering to be completed with economic analysis of tidal use by December 15, 1980. Appropriate Technology Smal] Grants Program Grants program in which 110 projects received financial support. This is the second phase of this grants program. Projects were funded in July 1980 and ranged from library books to methane digesters. Artic Village 0i1 Shale Assessment Exploration effort on the Venetie Reservation to determine quantity and quality of oil shale reserves there. This exploration is small scale with a shallow drilling program and trenching operation. Geology survey terminated due to weather, will resume in the summer of 1981. : Work History - continued 1979-80 Oregon Institute of Technology Research Facility - Geo-Heat Center Assigned to Alaska for State planning and commercialization of Geothermal Energy under the Department of Energy grant. Developed State policy for Geothermal energy. Initiated funding opportunities establishing $1,000,000 State geothermal program. Participated in 23. national and state conferences as speaker or contributor. Compiled geothermal data base for State concerning geothermal energy. Managed State Demonstration project at Pilgrim Hot Springs, Alaska. Helped initiate and rewrite State Geothermal Steam Act. Supplied congressional testimony on Federal geothermal omnibus geothermal Legislation. Initiated and participated in Energy Expo 1979. Selected topics and secured speakers for same. First Energy Exposition in State particully Funded by Industry. 1977 Transac Incorporated Development Manager - Engineered and developed three subdivisions - Matanuska Susitna Valley, Alaska. Total of 960 acres virgin ground developed into residential and recreational lots of approximately one and one half acres each. 1976 Price Construction Apprentice Welder - Trans Alaska Pipeline 1974-75 Atlantic Richfield Co. Geophysist - Independent Researcher Evaluated oil potential areas of Alaska. Attended numerous state and regional conferences and training programs. Budget Director Geophysical Section, Alaska. 1974 Western Geophysical Field Manager - North Slope, Alaska : 7 Supervision of 30 member seismic crew - Kawarik Region, Alaska. Contract oil exploration objective. 1 1973 Research Corporation of Hawaii Meaber Soviet Anerican joint survey Western Pacific Hawaii Island seismic study. Graduate Assistant to Dr. Loren Kroenke on Penrose Conference paper - “Carbonites, Flood Basalts and Their Relationship to Ocean Ridges". Assistant Coordinator, Geological Society of America Conference held at Honohulu, Hawaii 1972. Helped on development of programs and coordinated scheduling of speakers. Other Affiliations: Valley Radio Corporation Co-founder - Officer and Board member AM radio station - Big Lake, Alaska Transac Inc. - Board member Land development company Solarctic Construction - Partner Alternative energy design and construction conpany HUD cycle 5 - Residential Solar Design winner one of only two awarded in Alaska. A.B. Mining Co. - Partner - Owner Operators of the Alaska Blue Skies Mines, Petersville, Alaska Bread Factory Restaurant - Owner “ Natural foods restaurant, Anchorage, Alaska Pilgrim Historical Educational and Arts Foundation - President + Non profit organization for presentation of historical Pilgrim Springs, Alaska and the renovation of the original orphanage. Educational Center to be developed under the umbrella of this Organization to Educate Northwest Alaska on potentials — of geothermal energy. Professional Affiliaions - Geothermal Resources Council Geophysical Society of America Alaska Geophysical Society Other State Solar Advisory Group Sun Day Connittee 1979 - : ' Departnent of Energy Review Analist Alternative Energy/District Heating Systems. Honors Outstanding Young Men of America - 1980 Collegiant Letterman 1970 - 1972 Track and Wrestling Solar Design award HUD Cycle 5 Publications - Markle, D. R. - “Geothermal Energy in Alaska" 571 pages Oregon Institute of Technology Press Markle, D.R. - Aleutians "Ring of Energy” pages 1-9 Northwest Publishing Co., Alaska Magazine Aleutian Supplement Newsletter ote tee nee om wwe ot A Og et CITY OF KOTZEBUE P.O. BOX 46 KOTZEBUE, ALASKA 99752 907-442-3401 Jamary 9, 1981 The Alaska Le ave“sfopsored a number of alternative j freTated to decreasing Yogsil fuel use in Kotzebue. Coal, geotheyfal, peat, wood, hydro-electric aad pigd options are being examined undé@, State sponsorship. The State has a major policy of using i or renewable resource projects. Kotzebue n§edé“an alternative heat source and legs reliance on oil. The presenj*and autinipated cost of oil presents an edonomic problem for everyope in OLZEDRS: The peopdie of Kotzebue are very interested in any alter lative a A educe the cost of heat. ~ A W of, the fea ibilit}.ef district heat in Kotzebue would be a use Step Andmight be relevar eral places in} Alaska. I styongly~Support ‘a district heat feasibility stady for Kotzebue. I will 4e Nappy to serve With the district heat working group to encourage a district heat project in Kotzebue. Aare Sincerely, UL Ori Ha ASZITIZ Goodwin C&aMdil Member fr’ ~ a “GATEWAY TO NORTHWEST ALASKA” wi play . nm oe cee 0! woe ree—as ne cr wecme ee ee CITY OF KOTZEBUE P.O. BOX 46 KOTZEBUE, ALASKA 99752 - 907-442-3401 January 9, 1981 TO: WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: pSngored a number of alternative ire 2 ossfi_ fuel use in Kotzebue. Yearo-slectrts and~wirti,options are being orship. The State has a majgr policy of using “renewable resource projects. 4n alternative heat source and lesg reliance on oil. fyseates cgst of oil presents an ecchnomic problem for So peopie of Kotzebue are very finterested in any educe the cost of heat. e feasibility of district heat in Kot—ebue would be i be relevant™tg other places in Alaska. I strong] pport a\district heat feasibility study for Kotzebue. I wi bé happy to serve with the district heat working |group to encourage a district heat project in Kotzebue. <3 Sincerely, , Lm ao oc Cou Member 2 a >? BMS a a ee oo CITY OF KOTZEBUE P.O. BOX 46 KOTZEBUE, ALASKA 99752 907-442-3401 Jamary 9, 1981 TO: WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: ave“SHotsored a number of alternative ated to Aecreasing FosPil fuel use in Kotzebue. The State has a major policy of using renewable resource projects. an alternative heat source and legs reliance on oil. z #1 cost of oil presents an edpnomic problem for The peopte of Kotzebue are very interested in any educe the cost of heat. feasibility~ef district heat in Kofzebue would be t be relevant.to other places infAlaska. district heat feasibility st}dy for Kotzebue. ith the district heat working group to encourage “GATEWAY TO NORTHWEST ALASKA” a sa a on we es ‘CITY OF KOTZEBUE P.O. BOX 46 KOTZEBUE, ALASKA 99752 <I 907-442-3401 Jamary 9, 1981 The Alaska Legig S ored a number of alternative energy projectg fossil fuel use in Kotzebue. Coal, aie efia i 7 I styongy~support I willfe Nappy to serve “ “GATEWAY TO NORTHWEST ALASKA” a ana ore . ee ee ot ere ene - en prea wr CITY OF KOTZEBUE P.O. BOX 46 KOTZEBUE, ALASKA 99752 907-442-3401 Jamary 9, 1981 TO: WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: Cd The Alaska legiglatures Aave™spofsored a number of alternative energy projectf rélated to decreasing Fod8tl fuel use in Kotzebue. Coal, geothefinal, peat, wood, hydro-electric and 4iigmh options are being examined undé@y State spénsorship. The State has a major policy of using oil revenues tp sponsor renewable resource projects. Kotzebue nk g8 an alternative heat source and legs reliance on oil. The presen” and Buticina tad cost of oil presents an edonomic problem for everyoffe in Ka& The peopte of Kotzebue are very interested in any alterna ive that’s educe the cost of heat. feasibility~ef district heat in Kotzebue would be be relevant\to other places in} Alaska. yYsupport \a district heat feasibility stydy for Kotzebue. I wili4e happy to serve With the district heat worki group to encourage a district heat project in Kotzebue. “GATEWAY TO NORTHWEST ALASKA” eee! - ens ee eee one me ee © 1 9 a CITY OF KOTZEBUE P.O. BOX 46 KOTZEBUE, ALASKA 99752 907-442-3401 Jamary 9, 1981 TO: WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: eo The Alaska Legisfatures h4ve SpSnsored a number of alternative energy projects/réTated to décreasing Fasgtl fuel use in Kotzebue. Coal, geotheryil, peat, wodd, hydro-electric ahd.ying-pptions are being examined undefsState sporisorship. The State has a majpr policy of using oil revenues tO&\sponsar’ renewable resource projects. Kotzebue nebiis ‘an alternative heat source and les$ reliance on oil. The presept/and phttci t of oil presents an ecgnomic problem for everyonf in Kotgek is ihe of Kotzebue are very]}interested in any alternative that Will ‘reduce the cost of heat. A gtudy of féasibility~ef district heat in Kotzebue would be a useful Step; ight be relevant.to other places in Alaska. Is port a district heat feasibility stufy for Kotzebue. aL: ippy to serve With the district heat working] group to encourage a ‘trict heat project in\Kotzebue. NANA GECIONAL CORPORATION, Inc. BOX 49, KOTZEBUE, ALASKA 99752 TELEPHONE (907) 442-3301 January 12, 1981 To Whom It May Concern: The Alaska Legislatures have sponsored a number of alternative energy projects related to decreasing fossil fuel use in Kotzebue. Coal, geother- mal, peat, wood, hydro-electrical and wind options are being examined under State sponsorship. The State has a major policy of using oil revenues to sponsor renewable resource projects. Kotzebue needs an alternative heat source and less reliance on oil. The present and anticipated cost of oil presents an economic problem for everyone in Kotzebue. The people of Kotzebue are very interested in any alternative that will reduce the cost of heat. les A study of the feasibility of district heat in Kotzebue would be a useful step and might be relevant to other places in Alaska. NANA strongly supports a district heat feasibility study for Kotzebue. We will be happy to have a representative serve with the district heat working group to encourage a district heat project in Kotzebue. Sincerely yours, NANA REGIONAL CORPORATION, INC. Lu pe W. Mihectter resident dcs e STATE OF ALASKA / “== DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE & MIC DEVELOPMENT 7TH FLOOR MACKAY BLDG, 7 i 338 DENALI STRE! ECONO ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 99501 DIVISION OF ENERGY & POWER DEVELOPMENT PHONE: (907) 276-0508 January 16, 1981 Christopher Lee Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of Procurement and Contracts Room B-133 (711 bldg) (ACC-GG) 451 7th Street, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20410 Dear Mr. Lee, The Division of Energy and Power Development and The State of Alaska endorse the district heating system proposal prepared under HUD's Cooperative Agreement Application No. 6500. Responsible for a variety of energy programs, The Division prepares the Alaska Long-Term Energy Plan and assists communities with energy development activities. For example, the technical portion of the proposal was funded by our office. The City of Kotzebue has arranged for the study to be closely coordinated with all interested parties to insure follow-up can proceed as quickly as possible. Your favorable consideration of this proposal is requested. Sincerely, Wasn- Duron Clarissa Quinlan Director CMQ: DM:MN O8-HILH INTIS (HI NANA REGIONAL. ~~ HOUSING AUTHORITY POST OFFICE BOX 331 KOTZEBUE ALASKA’ 99752 December 22, 1980 Donald R. Markle Energy Projects Manager State Division of Energy 7th Floor, Mackay Building 338 Denali Anchorage, Alaska 99501 (907) 276-0508 Dear Mr. Markle: * The NANA Regional Housing Authority supports your proposal for a possible district heating system for Kotzebue. The NANA Regional Housing Authority now has 59 homes under management that were built under the HUD Mutual Help Pro- gram and expected to build a 44 multifamily project this summer under the same program. : Please let us know if we can be of any help since this program will benefit our homeowners. ~ Sincerely, ommy $heldon, Sr. Executive Director TSS/akr Phone : (907) 442-3450 pmewsn -8 mae CaE TSS -9rEI ME ETOH 9 § SSSR eS ep ere er eery een The Village Mayor: Royal Harris Council Members: £lmer Armstrong Johnny Evans Art Fields Chuck Green Burt Haviland Ronald Munson History—Kotzebue is built on a spit which is about three miles long and ranges in width from 1,100 to 3,600 feet. This site has been occupied for at least 600 years, Centuries before European explorers visited the area, “‘Kikiktagruk” was a busy trading center. Its loca- tion on ocean waters near the discharge point of a number of major interior river systems made it the hub of ancient arctic trading routes. “‘Kikiktagruk" acquired its official name, Kotzebue, in 1899 when a post office was established there. The name was taken from the adjacent sound which was named after Lt. Otto von Kotzebue who explored it in 1816, Population—The population of Kotzebue has increased steadily since the early 1900s. From a population of 200 at the turn of the century, the community grew steadily and rapidly to a population of by 1960 and 1,696 in 1873. The present Pupulation: of 2,431, estimated by the Department of Community and Regional Affairs for revenue sharing purposes, reflects 2 43.3 percent rise over the 1970 census figure of 1,696. This increase results mainly from growing economic activities and services, Economy~ Kotzebue is the gateway to remote villages of northwest Alaska. The impetus for its growth lies in its strategic position in the water transportation system, The three major river systems that drain into Kotzebue Sound, the Noatek, Kobuk, and Selawik, are easily accessible from Kotzebue. Because of this, Kotzebue has become the transfer point between ocean and inland shipping. Additionally, Kotzebue has become the air transport service center for the region. The regional offices and facilities of many state and federal agencies which serve northwest Alaska are located in Kotze- bue. Because of the cash economy and the public services available, Kotzebue is the urban center for al! the villages in the northwest region, The economic impact of the implementation of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act in this region has been strongest in Kotzebue. A total of 76 full-time and 13 part-time johs have been created in corporations organized as a result of this legislation. An exact accounting of the economic growth of Kotzebue is reflected by the statistics presented below: EMPLOYMENT DISTRIBUTION! KOBUK LABOR AREA 1970-1974 1970 1974 | 1970-1974 [Number $5 [55 Chunge TOTAL CIVILIAN RESIDENT LABOR Fal 7,036 29.6 UNEMPLOYMENT. 223 239 of Labor Force 264 2g TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 673 857 276 NONAGHICULTURAL WAGE AND SALARY EMPLOYMENT. 641 100.0 824 1000 395 Mining : * Contract Construction . Manufacturing ° * Transportatica, Communication and Public Utilities 10600 1685 145 16.2368 Trade wo 8 156 691d Finance, Insurance and Heal Estate . a Service 7 26 66 72 2765 Miscel'anzous o o Government 405 632 542 60.7 344 Federal (301) 47.0) 1295) 3.0) (2.0) State and Local (404) (76.2) (24a) (27.7) 138.5) force, unemployment ace tors! employment reflect employment ing to place of residence. Nonagricu'tural wage and selary employment by industry f gures ere compiled by place ot work SOURCE: Alaska Department ol Labor If one assumes that 70 percent of the total dollars in wage and salary employment of the Kobuk labor area is in Kotzebue, then a fairly good understanding of the magnitude of change that has been taking place can be gathered from the above chart. Increased activity related to oil and gas exploration and devel- opment has contributed to the cash economy in recent years. Hope Province and Kotzebue Basin, two potential oil-bearing geologic structures in the region, straddle Kotzebue. Standard Oil of Calif- ornia completed onshore exploration and drilling at Nimiuk Point on the Baldwin Peninsula and near Cape Espenberg in 1975. Figure 1 shows a summary evaluation of the potential resources of the lands adjacent to Kotzebue. Subsistence still plays an important role in the economy of Kotzebue along with the growing cash economy. Government—Kotzebue was incorporated in 1958 and has a city manager form of government and an unpaid, seven-member city council, The city council elects one of ils members to serve as mayor and hires a city manager to handle city business. The City also employs a public works director and a police chief along with several other municipal employees, Prepared by University of Alaska, Arctic Environmental Information and Data Center for the Alaska Department of Community and Regional Affairs. December, 1976. Lidia Selkresg with Kristi Whiteman, William Wilson, Mary Abo, Gary Player, and James Wise. As a second-class city, Kotzehue can assume powers as shown in Figure 2. The City, with the approval of the people, has estab- lished a three-percent sales tax, Under the State’s revenue sharing program the municipality is eligible to receive financial assistance for public services provided. The State disburses funds on a per capita basis. Information on revenue sharing can be obtained from the Alaska Department of Community and Regional Affairs. Kotzebue has participated in this program in the past. Land Ownership—Kotzebue's corporate limits cover 26.5 square miles. Of this area, only a small portion on the spit has been devel- oped and surveyed (see Community Map). The surveyed land has been patented to BLM's Townsite Trustee, George Gustafson, He has deeded all townsite lands except Kotzebue additions two and three (U.S. Survey No. 4498) back to private and public owners. The City’s lands include 67.37 acres of platted strects, approximately 80 acres near Swan Lake, and lots occupied by municipal buildings. Federal lands include lots for Kotzebue's Public Health Service hospital, the Air Force station, and the Federal Aviation Admin- istration’s complex and airways beacon. State facilities include Ralph Wien Memorial Airport, the State building, schools, and an unoccupied Pioneers Hame. Much of the fand around Kotzebue has been selected by the village corporation pursuant to ihe Alaska Native Claims Settle- ment Act of 1971. When these lands are transferred to the cor- Poration by the Bureau of Land Management, conveyance will be made to the appropriate owners if applicable. Figure 1 Natural Resources of Kotzebue | \ | Prince of Wales R P EE ” ze WIDSONS/T ANDIN| SB ins ee f Allowed by State Statutes Assumed by Kotzebue en tee eiatules: Streets and sidewalks x Sewers and sewage treatment facilities x Harbors, wharves, and other marine facilities Watercourse and flood control facilities Health services and hospital facilities Cemeteries Police protection and jail facilities x Cold storage plants Telephone systems Light, power, and heat Water Transportation systems Community centers Libraries Recreation facilities Airport and aviation facilities Garbage and solid-waste and collection and disposal Fire protection service and facilities Park facilities Housing and urban renewal, rehabilitation and development Preservation, maintenance, and protection of Se EK ee historic sites, buildings, and monuments Consumer protection overnment can be obtained from the Note information on Jacal Detailed Figure 2 Municipal Powers Minerals Oil and gas province cr basin—occurrence of oil and gas rated high Oil and yas province or basin—occurrence of oil and gas rated moderate Sand and gravel found locally along major streams and in coastal deposits Test well—dry and abandoned Con) Vegetation Moist Tundra Wet Tundra (good s i id a (good rangeland for caribou or reindeer) Alpine Tundra and Barren Ground {good rangeland for caribou or reindeer) | eee < (good rangeland for caribou or reirdeer) soy Upland Spruce-Hardwood Forest urce of timber for local use} Bottomland Spruce-Poplar Forest Mammals, Waterfowl, and Fish Mammals 1 Caribou range Note: Moose and bear range throughout the area. Waterfowl EZ] Note: Offshore and coastal areas provide a year-round habitat for near:hore birds and raptors. Low density (0-10 drakes per square mile) Medium density (11-24 drakes per square mile) Major salmon spawning stream Adapted from Selkregq, LL. et al., 1976. Alaska Regional Profiles Northwest Region. Land Use and Community Facilities Land use and the location of community facilities are shown on the Community Map. Housing—Housing conditions in Kotzebue were substandard at the time of the 1970 census. The majority of the 410 units lacked one or more plumbing facilities, and the average home contained three rooms and housed 4.8 persons, The NANA Regional Housing Authority, an independent, nonprofit organization responsible for housing programs in northwest Alaska, is Currently administering the construction of 57 houses in Kotzebue. Nineteen of these are near completion, with the remaining 38 scheduled for completion by April of 1977. These units are funded by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Schools—At present a 12-acre tract houses the Primary and secon- dary school and housing for the teachers. Expansion of education facilities will require relocation of the housing units, In the winter of 1976-77, 41 children were enrolled in the preschool programs and 632 in grades one through 12. Thirty-six teachers and three schoo! administrators were employed by the school district. The Univer- sity of Alaska provides extension programs for Kotzebue residents. As of July 1976 the educational facilities and Programs in north- west Alaska have come under the jurisdiction of the newly formed Northwest Arctic School District headquartered in Kotzebue. Other. Structurae—Other land uses ne fram. a. Public Health Service hospital located adjacent to the schoo! complex to several commercial and municipal uses along the waterfront erea as shown on the Community Map. The community has a new hotel and a remodeled office building which also houses the post office and stores. Other major structures include the Pioneers Home, com- munity. college building, jail, city hall, fire department, and a multi- Purpose building under construction in 1977 by the NANA Regional Corporation. There are several stores, churches, bars, and liquor stores scattered throughout town. Electricity—The Kotzebue Electric Association (KEA), funded by the Rural Electrification Administration {REA}, has supplied power to Kotzebue since 1955. The power plant is iccated on Lagoon Street near the airport and houses six diese! units—two 200-kilo- watt acquired in 1955, two 500-kilowatt acquired in 1960, and two 1,000-kilowatt acquired in 1967 and 1974. These units yield up to 2,400 kilowatts of firm power and 3,425 kilowatts of peak Power. There are presently about 525 hookups to the system which serve customers throughout the community’s developed area. The only major user not on the system is the Air Force base, which has its own generator, Recent population growth has placed 4 serious strain on the capacity of the system, and current plans call for the purchase of two solar turbine 800-kilowatt units to replace the two 200-kilo- watt units presently in use. This will bring the total capacity of the system up to 3,600 kilowatts. Water—The 150-million-gallon Vortac Reservoir, located across the lagoon from the Kotzebue spit, supplies Kotzebue’s water. Reser- voir water is heated before being pumped through an 8,000-linear- foot transmission line to the water filtration and treatment plant located across from the hospital. A 300-foot-long suspension bridge supports the line over the lagoon, and steel pilings hold it above the tundra. An insulated 1.5-million-gallon water storage tank is located adjacent to the water treatment plant. Water is distributed in four loops with lengths of 7,500, 10,000, 11,000, and 12,000 finear fect, respectively, which serve the entire community except for the new Swen Lake subdivision. As of September 1975 the water distribution system had approxi- mately 350 water service connections and 50 hydrants. A waste recovery system at the KEA power plant is used to supply heat to the entire water distribution system. The U.S, Public Health Service developed this water system, which is presently managed by the City of Kotzebue. The system Started as a watering point in 1966 and has evolved into a compli- cated community distribution system. According to the Public Health Service, some components of the system will need to be upgraded in response to the increased demands of the growing community. Although the system allows for constant circulation of water, pipes have frozen during extreme winter conditions. Such factors have resulted in high operation and maintenance costs. The largest single user of water in Kotzebue is the Public Health Service hospital. Under the newly established metered rates, this facility can expect to pay about $125,000 per year for water and sewer services. Sewer—Kotzebue's sewer system, managed by the City, has just been expanded by the Public Health Service. Prior to the 1976 construction season the system consisted of about 18,000 linear feet of collection mains, 10,300 feet of service lines serving 180 homes, and approximately 12,000 linear feet of sewer force main and six sewage lift stations. The sewer system extends into residential and industrial areas in the northern portion of town and the Swan Lake subdivision. An additional 30,000 linear feet of mains were added in the 1976 construction season. The sewaye flows to a 32.5-acre extended aeration lagoon located immediately to the west of the north-south runway. This was expanded from a nine-acre lagoon in 1976 after an agreement was reached with the State Division of Aviation, Solid Waste—The City of Kotzebue provides garbage coffe.tion and disposal service throughout the community except for the Air Force base, Pickup is once a week for residential customers an) up to three times per week for commercial customers. The waste ovllected is taken to an open dump at the south end of the north-swuth run- way. The dump is presently being converted into a sanitary landfill. Communications—Kotzebue is the communication and supply center of northwest Alaska. Outlying villages maintain regular radio contact with the Public Health Service hospital in Kotzebue for medical emergencies. KOTZ radio, a 5,000-watt, educational, nonprofit station, broadcasts 18 hours a day and reaches all villages in the region, Although Kotzebue has no local Newspaper, papers from Nome, Fairbanks, and Anchorage are flown in regularly and are available in stores. Films flown in from Seattle are shown over the local cable television system, which currently has two channels. The OTZ Telephone Cooperative provides telephone service to about 360 customers. The system has a capacity of 400. The cooperative has recently been certified to serve the entire NANA region. This will require a 1,0004ine exchatige and new plant, Work on the new system will start during 1977 and take an estimated three years and $3.5 million to complete. In the meantime, 100 lines are being added to the existing system. RCA Alascom is presently constructing an earth station in Kotzebue which is scheduled to be in Operation by the summer of 1977 (Figure 3). This satellite system will serve both military and civilian populations and will have 72 circuits. The city is currently connected to the military White Alice Communications System {WACS}, which has $4 circuits. Satellite (22,300 miles above the equator} Anchorage a q ae : : pasa RCA Alascom 4 é Earth Station i Talkeetna Cable cyt. “Ta, RCA this! Alascom Toil Locat ~™ Center — Telephone Anchorage Company— Anchorage Kotzebue Earth stetion (under construction) 4423401 Ambier Earth station 529-8001 Buckland Connects GTE—Nome 443-2922 Deering Connects GTE—Nome 443-2927 Kiana Earth station 396-8001 Kivalina Earth station 289 8001 Kobuk Earth station (service echeduted for early 19777 Nostak Earth station 638-8001 Noorvik Earth station 468-8001 Selawik Connects GTE~Nome 443-2925 Shungnak Earth station 327-8001 Figure 3 Satellite Communications Transportation—By virtue of its accessibility, Kotzebue has become the transfer point between ocean and inland shipping for northwest Alaska. However, it does not have a good natural harbor to go with the other advantages of its locatian. Kotzebue Sound has an average depth of 40 to 50 feet, and it is too shallow at the shoreward edge to permit the approach of deep-draft vessels. In addition, for nearly nine months of the year the part is closed in by the winter ice pack. The shipping season lasts about 100 days, from early July when the ice moves out of the sound until freezeup in early October (Figure 4). Because of the shallowness of the harbor and its sand and gravel bars, marine shipping to Kotzebue is a two-step process. Deep-draft ocean vessels must anchor about 15 miles offshore. Cargo is then lightered the rest of the way to the docking and unloading facility at Kotzebue. The port usually serves three freighters a year and two oil tankers, After transfer, upriver traffic is carried on in the shallow-draft river barges. Arctic Lighterage Company, Inc., performs the lightering services and the local transfer and barging. Since no developed overland. transportation exists between Kotzebue and any other communities, air transportation is a lifeline to Kotzebue and other remote communities in the region, Without road or rail access and with only a few cargo ships arriving in mid- summer, air service is the only means of transporting people and goods to and from Kotzebue most of the year. As the major regional air transportation center, Kotzebue is also the only transportation link between a dozen small communities and the outside. Because of this basic role of air transportation, the cost, quality, and fre- quency of air service is a critical component of the cost and quality of life in the remote northwest. The Ralph Wien Memorial Airport is one of the major airports in arctic Alaska. It is maintained by the Federal Aviation Administration and the State Division of Aviation. The U.S, Weather Bureau station provides support services. Wien Air Alaska, Inc., provides daily services by Boeing 737 jet to Anchorage, Fairbanks, and Nore and carries Passengers, mail, and cargo once or twice a week to all the small communities of the fegion through its bushplane service. Figure 4 Transportation Accessibility JANUARY FEBRUARY APRIL (may JUNE MARCH “Ocean I Ocean tee Sound 60-100% T Frozen | ices Bret tip River ae) Davtignt (includes Civil Twilight) LUGHT conoITIONs | ce = sooo Ica i Ice Environmental Considerations for Community Development Community development must consider all environmental factors that affect the engineering design and location of structures, including climate, topography, soils, Permafrost, erosion, and flooding. TEMPERATURES PRECIPITATION SNOWFALL. Figure 5 ERE S 2) H Climatic Data Recorded at Kotzebue TEMPERATURE (°F) PRECIPITATION (IN INCHES) a Means Extr. Snow, Ice Peliets a o 32. ir 1 fo 74 28. ar G € R 64 24 Note: Kotzebue is located in the E e ie i az ED = transitional climate zone which is SE = 2s ge x z G Be g 2 Seale 3 ~ 2 : i Zt = g2 § | a2] 22 = |82] 82126 ¥ S long, cold winters se | 8 | Set 3 2 | Ss] ¢ s |fs| $s |? uw 5] characterized by !ong, g=| 2 ez| 28! 2 |§3| és 2 164| 63 |és 5 z= and cool summers. Temperature a g extremes of 85°F in summer and fa) 33] 33 26 | z 16 -52°F in winter have been record- J 3.2} -10.6} -3.7} 39] 47 | 0.29 [0.81 | 1.77 6.0 }10.0 |23.9 [33 2130 8 ed. Precipitation averages less than F 3.3] +178) -4.3] 35] -52 | o30/o68 [1.13 | 54 1ea liao [aa 1940 nine inches annually, including 47 34 2 aches ka Tete are wy oe. M 8.17 91] 05) 39} -48 | 0.33 }o47 | 1.23 | 57 186 lor9 [35 | 2027 mated 837 growing degree days A | 223] 3.7] 13.0) 46] -44 |.033 [036 | 134 | 52 |a6 haa a7 1860 2 8 at Kotzebue, less than the 1,500 M | 37.8) 23.7} 308) 74] -18 | o40}o56 | 094 | 1.7 135 l120. [34 1060 i for large-scale considered 00 ce sary Tor larg J | 496] 37.3; 435] 83| 20 | as2/o80 | 132 | o2 121 ]24 |e 645 agriculture. Prevailing winds average 5 604 4 + 10 kiorelanagally and aré- easterly 3 58.7} 47.1{ 529) 85| 34 | 1.55 ]1.78 | 2938 Tyo. [otf Tt 375 in winter and westerly in summer. A | 559) 454] 50.7] 80] 31 | 226/148 | 5.18 tT fos fos jo 443 coleaiaTrFewed Oe cf Additional information on climate S| 46.5) 35.7) 413) 6] 15 | 143/094 | 28 | 12/174 )74a [a a7 TEMAWITES OW JFMawdvAS OND "sR WAM UGa'S OND i i i iron- MONTHS i ae at the pe ae O | 27] 185) 236] 51] 19 | 061/053] 453 | 69 leo liao (11 1283 mental Information an lata Cen- LEGENG: ECENDS REGEND: tek Uniden BE Atacka N 13.4] 20) 7.7] 38] -36 | 041 Jo43 | 1.31 | 22/63 l171 |a1 1719 xireme Maximus Maximum Monthit Maximum Mi sa - Exicer eect m 3 thly se o 2.6) 10.3) 3.9) 36] -47 | 033 }0.40 | 0.79 | 69 | 75 |193 |23 2136 Average Maximum Average Monthly Average Monthly Average Minimum YR] 27.5, 14.3] 209) 85] -52 | 8.76 1.78 | 5.11 | 47.4 |10.0 f23.9 [47 | 16030 Extreme Minimum Climate Climatic data on winds, precipitation, temperature, and snowfall (Figure 5) allow engineers to design buildings strong enough to withstand heavy winds and deep snow, select type and thick- ness of insulation to reduce heat loss, and estimate fuel require- ments. Climatic data are also needed to determine the type of clothing needed ta protect the human body against extreme tem- peratures. Chill Factor—If the air temperature is below body temperature, a Person loses heat ta the atmosphere. When the wind blows, the rate of heat loss increases; therefore, air temperature and wind velocity are the two environmental factors which affect body heat loss. Wind chill data (Figure 6) were developed by combining wind and temperature measurements into numbers which express equivalent chill temperatures, vino sores E0OLIMa POWER OF WIND ExPrCSBED AE “EQUIVALENT CMLL TEMPERATURE pare pen TEMPERATURE (FD EOUWALENT Cok TEMPERATURE sero tea fe poet Ee es is PANDEN OF FREEZING EXPOSED FLESH FOR PROPERLY CLOTHED PEREONE Figure 6 Wind Chill Temperatures Snow Load—Snow load data are used in the design of structures to determine the strength needed to withstand the weight of packed snow. The U.S, Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory has estimated local ground snow: loads in pounds per square foot (psf) for many areas of Alaska. The design load selected depends on the expected use, life span, and geographic location of the building, For example, a five-year life could be selected for a temporary facility. A structure that can withstand 56 pounds of snow per square foot is considered safe for five years in Kotzebue. A building with a life expectancy of 25 years must be able to with- stand a snow load of 77 psf; a 50-year structure should be able to withstand 86 psf; and buildings with an anticipated life of 100 years or more, such as hospitals and other long-lasting, permanent facilities, should be able to withstand 95 psf. Figure 7 Snowdrifts and Wind Direction 2800 24004 2000-4 16004 1200-4 DEGREE DAYS 8004 4004 UEP Ms A Modes MONTHS Ac S O° NTO A rectangular 960-square-foot home insulated with fiberglass requires about 85 gallans of fuel oil for heating during January in Kotzebue. This estimate is based an four-inch-thick fiberglass in the walls and floor, six inches in the ceiling, and a desired temperature of 70°F inside the home. Fuel consumption foul be reduced hy arcing mare insulation, minimizing window sizes, and by installing a subfloor to trap air between the floor and crawl space. Heaters should also be adjusted for efficient burning. Assistance in construction can be obtained from data developed by Dr. Eb Rice, University of Alaska, Fair- banks. Figure 8 x Heating Degree Days—Kotzebue Wind Speed—Information on wind speed and direction is necessary to design and orient airports and other structures. It has been estimated that for a structure with an expected life of 10 years a structural design that could withstand extreme wind speeds of at least 85 miles per hour should be chosen; 96 miles per hour for a structure with an expected life of 25 years; 105 miles per hour for a 50-year life; and 110 miles per hour for a structure with a life expectancy of 100 years or more. Location of buildings must also consider the direction of wind to minimize snowdrifts (Figure 7). LE = usually clear Building Upwind road Blocked road (a.) Upwind road—usually clear Large buildings downwind Road usually clear Buildings Road usually clear 2 a Storage & parking (linear along wind; discourages drifting) col OC oe Cocco Co Coe Note: Snowdrifts make a difference. Site plan (b) is laid out to minimize drifting, maximize access, Pre- vailing storm winds are from left. JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER 40% coverage or asso] ie 3 i lee-free eg os T i i | | | & wefee SnaFea fad Ooasteds/snowmachines 4 Note: when the sun is zero to six degrees below the horizon. Most normal activity, inclucing daylight fying can continue. os seh ky Civil twilight Is defined as the period of time ae River Transport | _____TRANSPORTATION | epee. Floatplanes River and Ocean et, | Ocean Transport (Kotzebue Sound) T al, Source: Eb Rice, 1975. Building in the North. University of Alaska. Sources of Information Alaska Consultants, Inc. 1976. Land Use Plan—Kotzebue. (map) Alaska. Div. of Aviation. 1964. Data on File Related to Studies Made Prior to end During Construction of the Kotzebue Airstrip. Unpublished. Alaska. State Housing Authority. 1971. Kotzebue, Alaska Comprehensive Development Plan. 117 p. Carlson, A.R. 1970. Heat loss and condensation in northern residential con- struction. Northern Engineer. 2(2):14-17. Erskiwe, R. 1969. Architecture and town planning in the north. Northern Engineer, 1(4):7-11. Fryer, M.W. 1969, An engineering approach’ to architectural design for cold regians. Northern Engineer. 1(4):11-13, Furbush, C.6. 1971. Sails of the City of Kotzebue. U.S. Soil Conservation Service. 12 p, Mathematical Sciences Northwest, Inc, and Alaska Consultants, Inc. 1976. A Social and Economic Impact Study of Offshore Petroleum and Natural Gas Development in Alaska, 350 p, Mauneluk “Association, Inc. 1974, The NANA Region; It’s Resources and Development Potential. 289 p. Heating Degree Days—Annual fuel requirements for a heated build- ing can be calculated from heating degree days information. Struc- tural heating usually begins when the air temperature is near 65 degrees F, the index temperature. If a Particular day has a mean temperature of 50 degrees F, 15 heating degree days accumulate (65 minus 50). For the entire year the heating load is the sum of the daily degree days. The degree days for each month of the year for Kotzebue are shown in Figure 8. This information, combined with an inventory of types, sizes, and insulative qualities of buildings, can determine the amount of fuel required for a specific time period in the village. Topography and Soils Site selection and foundation design of buildings are directly affected by the strength or bearing capacity of soils, presence of Permafrost, topography, drainage, erosion, and flooding. Kotzebue is situated on a spit which is about three miles long and ranges in width from 1,100 to 3,600 feet. A shallow, narrow-mouthed lagoon separates the spit from the highland edge of the Baldwin Peninsula. Due to the process of deposition by which it was formed, the soil characteristics of the spit vary greatly within short distances. Generally, the seaward side is underlain by a gravel bench while the inland side facing the slough is.underlain by gravel covered by silts and very fine sand. The Community Map shows the information reported in “Soil of the City of Kotzebue,” prepared by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service. The legend presents estimates of suit- ability of four soil types and lists some of the limiting factors that affect the soil type for specific purposes. This information is only a guide to development; prior to installation of facilities, soil investi- gations of the sites are necessary to ensure that the Proper types of foundations are developed. Permafrost—Permafrost (permanently frozen ground) is continuous under Kotzebue. Polygonal ground is visible wherever the surface has not been disturbed by grading, indicating that vertical ice lenses are common in frozen silts. Permafrost incorporates large amounts of water. If the permafrost base melts, building foundations are undermined. Therefore, permafrost should be protected from thaw- ing whenever new structures or utilities are built. Disregard of these factors has caused serious foundation failure in the community. The most common methods of protecting permafrost are to place a thick gravel pad between the structure and the frozen ground to limit heat transfer or to raise the building on pilings to allow air circulation under the structure. Utility pipes should be properly insulated or placed in utilidors to minimize the amount of heat transferred from the pipes to the adjacent ground, Erosion and Floading—Kotzebue has a beach erosion problem associated with storm-generated waves and ice action. The entire beach area is subject to erosion; several points along the beach have more noticeable problems. According to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, this area of intensified erosion exists “at localized points only as a result of man-made obstruction to littoral drift.” Stabili- zation of the waterfront has been attempted through installation of oil drums filled with sand. An extensive stabilization program has never been conducted by any federal agency. The Corps of Engineers has suggested that the City adopt regulations precluding additional construction of obstacles to the littoral drift and conduct an annual waterfront street repair program, They recommend that this be followed by an expanded program of installation of oil drum or spruce log revetment in areas most re- quiring erosion control (Alaska Consultants, Inc.). The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is planning a shoreline erosion study at Kotze- bue in the next year as part of a nationwide program established under the Shoreline Erosion Control! Demonstration Act of 1974, This study is directed toward the development and demonstration of 4 means to control shoreline erosion using materials available locally. The same storm waves that create erosion problems also flood portions of Kotzebue. The City has adopted floodproofing regula- tions requiring that certain standards be met when structures are erected within the flood zone, Large amounts of the land on the Kotzebue spit which have Poor soil conditions are subject to drainage problems. Poor drainage is reflected by local flooding during breakup or periods of extensive rainfall. The most important thing to remember when building in the Arctic is that successful design requires site investigation and the advice of competent engineers because of the Special conditions in the North. Neglecting these considerations can lead to complete failure of structures, Mirth, R.A. 1974. The sun can heat our homes—even in the north, Northern Engineer. 6(3):3-10. Orth, D.J. 1967 {revised 1971). Dictionary of Alaska Place Names. U.S. Geological Survey. Professional Paper 567. 1084 p. Rice, E, 1975. Building in the North. Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks. 66 p. Selkregg, L.L. et al. 1976. Alaska Regional Profiles: Northwest Region. Arctic Environmental Information and Data Center, University of Alaska, Anchorage. Prepared for the Office of the Governor and the Joint Fed- eral/State Lend Use Planning Commission, 265 p. Tobiasson, W. and R. Redfield. 1973. Alaskan Snow Loads. U.S. Army, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory. U.S. Army. Corps of Engineers. 1976, Floodplain Management Services, Alaskan Communities Flood Hazard and Pertinent Data on Fite, ULS. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 1971. Wind Chill (Equivalent Temperatures), Environmental Information Series, U.S. Public Health Service. 1972. Project Summary Sanitation Facilities Construction Kotzebue, Alaska. Project AN-72-952. A ee NE Tet ee i I 1 Federal Aviation Administration complex 12. National Guard Armory 2. State Division of Aviation building 13. City Hall COMMUNITY MAP 3. Episcopal Church 14. Fire department 4. Kotzebue Electric Association (KEA) 15. Police station/jail 5 Church of God 16 Friends Church KOTZEBUE 6 Nulukvik Hotel 17. Friends Bible Schoo! and Youth Center 7 Baptist Church 18 Alcohol treatment center 66954’N 162035°W Elevation 11’ i B Eskimo building 19 Pioneers Home (under construction) : 9 Catholic Church ‘ 20 Water treatment plant 10 Library 21 Water storage tank 190 2 $00 Feet 11 Museum 22. Community College building 30 ° oe 108 bo Meters Native Health Hospital : Prepared by the Arctic Environmental Information and Data Center, University of Alaska for State building the Alaska Department of Community and Regional Affairs School The preparation of this dec: t was financed in part through a comprehensive planning grant from the Department of H: and Urban Development under provisions of Section 701 of Dock the Housing Act of 1954. mended, and the Division of Community Planning, Department of Community and Regional Affairs of the State of Alaska. December, 1976. Arctic Lighterege Company Kotzebue airways beacon : eee Flood Data U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Preliminary draft 1975. Compiled from aerial photos dated 7/6/74 by the Public Health Service, Division of Engineering, Branch of Photo- grammetry. Assumed grid. Assumed elevation. Area that would be inundated by a flood with a frequency of approx- imately 100 years. © Flood hazard work was performed by the Alaska District Corps of Engineers at: the request of and funded by the Federal Insurance Administration. | | } | { | | | | zard area shown hereon is based on meager data, plus a minimum of ding information and should be considered as preliminary. The flood he historical f The delineztzd flood hazard areas shown hereon differ from the map prepared in February, 1974. New topographic maps, with 2’ contour intervals, show most of the community to be out of the flood hazard area. t The major fivoding that occurs at this lacation is the result of storm driven waves. The City of Kotzebue has adopted floadproofing regulations which require that, certain standords be met when structures are built within area subject to flooding. A copy of these regulations should be obtained from the city manager prior to any new development in flood hazard zones. Land Use (additional information is available from the City of Kotzebuel Residential C4 [LJ Peptic | Commercial Electricity (KEA} Power cable Service cable (updated to 1970 only! ° Power pole a Transformer e Street light Water (PHS and City of Ketzebue) — Water supply pipeline a Water main Sewer (PHS and City of Katzebuel —— Sewer main — — Sewer force mein 9 i \\ +} The description of the municipal boundaries approved by @ Manhole \ \ \ 4 the State under the Village Incorporation Act is as follows: \ 1 \i Beginning at a point where the S boundary X RCA Earth station (under construction) \ \ 4 of Section 35, Unsurveyed TI7N, RI8W, \ a) Katee! River Meridian, Alaska, intersects the Sutvey-line (BUM) \ mean lovs water line of Kotzebue Sound, ive bea ion ( \ thence & to the SE corner of the SW % Ws aden era of the SW % of the SW i of Section 31, i Unsurveyed TI7N, R17W; thence N to the wwnee Soils (Boundaries are approximate; on-site OF tices Heo esate NE comer of the NW 4 of the NW % of the NW % of Section 30, Unsurveyed T17N, RI7W; thence Eta the SW corner of the SE % of the SE % of the SW % of Section 20, Unsurveyed TI/N, Rt7W; thence N to the NW corner of the NE % of the NE X of the testing is necessary prior to construction of facilities.) ENGINEERING INTERPRETATIONS OF SOIL PROPERTIES toa depth of 40 inches in An soils and 10 inches below the permafrost taple In the Ko, Ks, and 1s soils) Sunabiiiy — ~ = : e Jas Source of Goll Limitstion Rating! are Major Limiting Factors Affecting NW % of Section 8, Unsurveyed TI7N, 1 5 T - RI7W: thence W to the SW corner of Section | Parental Foundations T 4 sande | Prost |woacsa | fortow [Artificial Seatic Tank [Parks & | 6, Unsurveyed TI7N, RI7V; thence N to ont amt | AGS, [EER | etiteitSs [isinsoe [Fiter Fieids |Recieation Remarus | FT pike NWSE ofsittion 1 Unsurveyed TI7N, B17W; thence E to the an |ecod jceos [Low stint | siiont Not (2) severe (6) Stight I, : | : i L : Needed to Mocerate_| SE corer of the NW % of Section 6, Un- wo 12,3) | 12a) Vas 12.3) (2.3) ) (2.8) surveyed TI7N, RI7W; thence N to the Far |Peir [enon Moderate [Severe iVsry__ | Very Severe |Vory Severe Se eee AVE af Seton oF UNE we as) | G5) (2.3) at (3.5) 3) 2,3) veyed T17N, RI7W; thence E to the SE poor | Poor =| High Very Very Very Very severe [Very Severe sooner ‘of Section 33, Unsurveyed TI8N, a Co aa RI7W: thence N to the point where the Wai un fun High wa) a3) 8) (23) 3 |suitea | suitea very very Very Severe [Very Severe axtension of the common boundary between Ll aa ne Sections 33 and 34, Unsurveyed T18N, RI7W, intersects the mean low water line of Hotham Sound; thence in a westerly norther- ly, southerly, westerly, and southerly dir- ection along the mean low water line of Hotham Sound and Kotzebue Sound, to the point of beginning, containing 26.5 square miles, more or less. 1, Numbers in parentheses refer to major soil limiting factors considered in the rating. (1) Susceptible te Inungation by high tides (2) High water tape (3) High permafrost taple (2) Organic material {8) Presence of silty material (6) Presance of gravel (7) Possible contamin of ground or offshore water SOURCE: Furbush, Clarenc Palmer, Alaska, 1971, B. eCity of Korzehue, US. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, Community Base Map. Maps are needed to show land use, ownership, location of utilities, and to plan for future village improvements. These maps can be prepared by either surveying the land on the ground er through enlargement of aerial photos or by a combination of both, Air photos can be taken et various heights. The height determines the extent of the and flooding KOTZEBUE SOUND U.S.8, 2407 U.S.S. 2863 area covered by the photograph. This community bese map to a scate of 1:3,000 (1 in. = residential development, and v: evaluate the area for village expan In the photo below, the v '2) was prepared from a photograph that wes enlarged .). This mep was used to locate the present utilities, s community services and can be used in the future to n and to locate new construction. i 25 well as the land around it can be clearly evaluated. This photograph shows that Kotzebue is accessible only by sir and water; there are no roads leading into the community. The topography of the area is very flat and the terrain reflects the presence of permafrost. This kind of data.is very important in the development of com- munity growth and expension as well 2s to understand some of the environmental condi- tions that are presently affecting the community, such as flood, erosion, source of water Le supply, and location of waste disposal sites. BN? Legacn NOTE; ALL VILLAGE! SERVED BY THE FOLLOWING: Baker Avistion Inc Box 118, Kotzeiue Don's Satari Fiyinss Service Box 23, Kotzebue Shellatarger Flyina Service Box 11, Koszebue . Walker Aw Sorvice e Box $7, Kotzebue US 8. 4498 Beenarat Air Service (Tract BY |__Kebuk Frozen ico “ich silt “ & } : { Thaw laket = : i Lf fie Vs Aa fy Note: This community base map has beer prepared from low altitude aerial photographs which contain unevoidable t ions in scale. Property and utility information have been generalized from many sources and may contain *~ minor inconsistencies. This map should not be construed as a survey. ~ if Se Sf. f if fe Fi re Gravel» i steno Lament