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HomeMy WebLinkAboutAtka Reconnaissance Study Of Energy Requirements & Alternatives-Atka 1982 ERAS CHA OF OS RECONNAISSANCE STUDY OF ENERGY REQUIREMENTS AND ALTERNATIVES PROPERTY OF: FOR ska Power Authority : 334 W. 5th Ave. horage, Alaska 99501 ATKA ANIAK ATKA MEKORYUK CHEFORNAK NEWTOK CHIGNIK LAKE NIGHTMUTE COLD BAY NIKOLSKI HOOPER BAY ST. MARYS IVANOF BAY ST. PAUL KOTLIK TOKSOOK BAY LOWER AND TUNUNAK UPPER KALSKAG PREPARED BY NORTHERN TECHNICAL SERVICES & VAN GULIK AND ASSOCIATES ANCHORAGE, ALASKA FILE COPY Hota es ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY | ATKA RECONNAISSANCE STUDY OF ENERGY REQUIREMENTS AND ALTERNATIVES A Report by Northern Technical Services Van Gulik and Associates Anchorage, Alaska July, 1982 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Summary and Recommendations 2.0 Background 3.0 Village Meeting 4.0 Existing Heating and Electrical Power Generating Facilities 4.1 Bulk Fuel Storage and Heating Appliances 4.2 Electrical Generation Facilities 4.3 Fuel Oil Usage 4.4 Electrical Energy Distribution 5.0 Energy Balance 6.0 Energy Forecasts 6.1 Population Projection 6.2 Capital Projects 6.3 Thermal Energy Projection 6.4 Electrical Energy and Peak Demand Projection 7.0 Energy Resource Assessment 8.0 Energy Plans 8.1 Base Case 8.2 Alternate Plan A 8.3 Alternate Plan B 9.0 Analysis of Alternatives and Recommendations Appendix Review letters and replies DANAADA uw herr bb o* dle) @ s . eee ee Sots «fF A oto wo Cooma ~ oeee . =O) = = _ bdo . _ Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table 3.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8<5 9.2 953) LIST OF TABLES Skills and Work Experience Energy Balance for 1982 Estimated Mean Monthly and Mean Runoff Itemized Present Worth Analysis Base Case Estimated Hydro Costs Itemized Present Worth Analysis Alternate Plan A Estimated Heat Recovery Costs Itemized Present Worth Analysis Alternate Plan B Annual of the of of Summary of the Present Worth Analysis and Any Non-electric Benefits for Each Energy Plan Direct Power Generation Costs for Each Energy Plan Preference Ranking of Village Energy Plans and Associated Recommended Actions ae. 323 5.2 7.5 8.3 8.7 8.8 8.14 8.15 9.1 9.2 9.3 Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Pigure Figure Pigure Figure Figure Figure 2.1 2.2 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Del Stee 6.1 6.2 6.3 7.1 LIST OF FIGURES Location Map Climatic Background Bulk Fuel Storage Capacities and Types of Heating Appliances Electrical Generation Facilities Fuel Oil Usage Electrical Generation Sector Energy Distribution Energy Flow Diagram Distribution of Total Useable Energy Population Projection Thermal Snergy Projection Peak Demand and Electrical Energy Projection Appropriate Technology Ranking Diagram a 1.0 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The production of electricity is the focus of the Energy Reconnaissance Program. This study has focused on seeking potential alternatives to diesel powered electrical generators. However, where there were opportunities to reduce the cost of electrical generation, these were detailed. Atka is one of a few villages which does not have a central electrical generation facility. In order to establish a basis for comparison between energy plans a central generation system was designed and used as the base case. There is potential for a hydro electric generation station at Atka and a plan to develop this resource was compared to the central generation base case and the base case scenario complemented by waste heat capture. Summary Statements Only those technologies that could be readily assimilated into Atka were considered. +7 Fuel oil was found to be the major source of energy used in the village. Additional energy was supplied by gasoline. Ze Significant amounts of energy are lost in the village due to: (1) inefficient combustion; (2) poor insulation and excessive air infiltration; and (3) wasted heat from diesel powered generation of electricity. Sie Forecasts show an inevitable increase in energy consumption in the village due to populatino growth. Additional construction unrelated to population size ayer. is anticipated and will impact energy consumption and demand. Energy resource baseline data is generally weak in the village. This weakens the accuracy of technological Or economic predictions. However, the estimates relative to waste heat availability appear reasonably reliable. The feasibility of various technologies, for electri- cal and thermal energy production, were evaluated. Wind, wood, solar, coal, peat and geothermal were considered as potential energy resources but are not viable alternatives to fuel oil generated electricity. Hydro and waste heat recovery from the anticipated central electric power plant proved to be feasible and formed the basis of the alternate energy plans. The Base Case Plan was based on the anticipated use of centrally generated electric power. Alternate Plans were developed to reduce the use of petroleum fuels. A present worth analysis of each alternative plan was performed. General Recommendations 1. The supporting energy and resource data base should be strengthened. New technologies, and advances in old technologies, need demonstration projects to determine their feasibility in rural Alaska. a2) 3. Significant energy savings could be realized by a village-wide energy conservation and weatherization program. Village Specific Recommendations 1. The installation of the central diesel electric power station is recommended. This will provide a source of economical, reliable electric power for the village. Waste heat recovery, from the anticipated central power plant, utilized for space heating in the village is economically feasible and attractive in the amount of fuel oil saved. The installation of the waste heat recovery system is recommended. Hydroelectric power in the village is an economically viable alternative. In addition, it saves a large amount of fuel oil. The following steps should be taken: a. Initiate design of a central electric power plant. b. Initiate a feasibility study of waste heat recovery system. Ce Initiate a feasibility study of hydroelectric power generation. Zi. 0 BACKGROUND Introduction The village of Atka with its 93 residents, primarily Aleut, is the western-most non-military settlement on the Aleutian chain. Atka Island is 240 miles west of Nikolski, 100 miles east of Adak and 1,100 miles west of Anchorage. Atka village is located at the head of Nazan Bay on the east coast of Atka Island (Figure 2.1). The island, one of the Andreanof group of the Aleutian Island Chain lies in an area of intense seismic activity. Atka's landforms include rugged mountains, deep bays, and rocky cliffs. The coastal village is surrounded by undulating topography with steep ravines carved by small streams. Climate The nearest recording meteorological station is at the Adak Naval Station 100 miles to the west. A summary of the climatic data is presented in Figure 2.2. The weather is notoriously variable in the Aleutians. There will be considerable differences between the wind speeds and direction at the village site and those at Adak because of differences in topography. The mean annual precipitation is 60 inches. Moderate to strong winds are present throughout the year with a prevailing west-southwest direction and a mean speed of 13 knots. The temperature extremes are a maximum of 77°F and a minimum of 12°F. Zen: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 KEY KOTLIK SAINT MARYS KALSKAG ANIAK LOWER KALSKAG NEWTOK NIGHTMUTE CHEFORNAK MEKORYUK TOKSOOK BAY TUNUNAK HOOPER BAY CHIGNIK LAGOON CHIGNIK IVANOF BAY FALSE PASS COLD BAY NIKOLSKI ATKA ST. PAUL ST. GEORGE ,10 toxsoox Bay Q MEKORYUK—~a-, vx * oe wign rate vei Gata» 8 CHEFORNAL = vr ) eo Saint wapys.2 ee, aay oF 7 woustans oF a S tower” 5 i ; Kowa a anrax @ cnx ey eo } - 7 o oP oacnieaa T7Vanor eay 15 a 300 MILES Figure 2.1 LOCATION MAP Climatic Background se ee sean [eaten fa cen ma ing Weather < 1.000 tt ceiting /3 miles visibility ‘Adak Naval Station date & VFR Conditions PERCENT FREQUENCY e 8 __LiFR Conditions Winds mean wind speed /o ing direction Twsw | w_| wsw) wSw mum snowfall 40 soo Heating Degree Days a ete Growing Deg! JAN FEB) MAK! APR MAY. JUN | JUL AUG SEP. OCT NOV! DLC Figure 2.2 Source: Department of Community and Regional Affairs, Community Profile Series. 2.3) The mean summer temperature is 55°F and the mean winter is 30°F. The village is serviced twice monthly by seaplane and the barge, North Star owned by the Bureau of Indian Affairs brings supplies once yearly. Population Presently, there are 25 houses in Atka and an average of 3.7 persons per household. As a result of the new housing, to be built in 1982, the village population is expected to grow by four or five families to bring the population to approximately 108 people from the present level of 93. There is no estimate of the effect that the new school or other developments will have on the population growth of the village although it will undoubtedly have some impact. ensus Year 1880* 1890 1900 1910 1920 opulation 236 132 128 -- 56 Census Year 1930 1939 1950 1960 1970 Population 103 89 85 119 88 umbers of houses (43 in 1982) (* Petroff's Census 1880) 2.4 Economy Since the collapse of fur farming in the mid-1930's Atka's economy has been based on subsistence. Many of the villagers are involved in commercial fishing for salmon or crab. Sale of reindeer antlers also provides some income. Permanent employment in Atka is limited. The school employs two teachers and several support employees. Other positions in the village include a postal clerk, a health aide, several store employees and village or government employees. Many of the villagers possess skills useful in Atka and other parts of the state consequently some villagers have seasonal employment elsewhere. The village has recently constructed a small boat building and repair workshop and is completing a freezer and cold storage facility as part of an active commercial fishing enterprise in the village. Such activities have been hampered in the past because of its isolation but the installation of an air strip in 1982 will have a major and beneficial impact on the community. 2.5 3.0 VILLAGE VISIT On October 27, 1981 NORTEC was contacted by Mr. George Kudrin, Vice-President of the Village Corporation, and requested to alter its scheduled visit to the village to November 9 instead of November 23. The Village Council had three specific immediate concerns on which it wanted the field teams opinions and suggestions; these were: (1) problems with a corporation owned and locally installed 50 KW hydroelectric generation facility, (2) sizing of a diesel powered central generation unit for an RDA Grant application (due December 1, 1981), and (3) estimating the form and cost of a transmission and distribution system as a basis for a HUD Block Grant application (due November 25, 1981). The field team reached Adak November 9 but were unable to get to Atka until November 16 because of the weather. On their arrival they met with the village council immediately and held a public meeting before further meetings were held with the village council. Village Meeting Thirty eight villagers attended the meeting which was held in the newly constructed boat repair workshop. After an outline of the APA Energy Reconnaissance Program two video cassettes, "Energy for Alaskans" and "Keeping Warm", 3.1 were Shown. Questions and comments raised by the films were answered. This was followed by a short introduction to central electricity generation, waste heat capture, energy conservation, and alternatives to diesel generation. The principal concerns of the villagers were: (1) assistance in the planning and installation of generators which could supply electricity on a 24 hour basis; (2) electricity for the HUD homes (villagers will not be allowed to move in the homes until electricity is provided); (3) weatherization of the existing homes which were built by the Navy after W. W. II and were not designed for “horizontal rain"; (4) the availability of State programs for assistance with electricity costs and the installation of alternative means of generating electricity with special consideration to hydro, geothermal, and wind; (5) the establishment of businesses in the village which will provide jobs and income on a continuing basis; and (6) that the village see a degree of development in the near future to provide for the community. The village provided a list of residents and their skills to illustrate the need for work in the community and their ability to do a variety of projects themselves (Table 3.1). The field team completed a preliminary sizing for central generators and devised alternative plans for the central electricity transmission and distribution systems which were presented to the village council. 3e2 10. ll. 12. 13. 14. LS \5 16. die 18. Dirks, G. - B Dirks, L. Jr. Equipment Carpenter Dirks, N. Operator, Golodoff, B. Golodoff, G. Heavy Equ Golodoff, M. Golodoff, N. Plumber, Golodoff, Cook, Vv. Lau Golodoff, V. Operator, Kudrin, C. - Kudrin, G. - Cook, Kit Nevzoroff, E. Carpenter Nevzoroff, J. Generator Nevzoroff, J. Nevzoroff, K. M. Nevzoroff, N. Nevzoroff, Mechanic, R. Nevzoroff, Carpenter Helper, SKILLS AND WORK EXPERIENCES ull Cook, Electricity, Carpenter. - Auto Mechanic, Diesel Mechanic, Heavy Repair, Truck Driver, Corporation President, , Bookkeeper. - General Maintenance, Carpenter, Heavy Equipment Equipment Maintenance, Truck Driver. - Bull Cook. - Road Construction, Supervisor, Carpenter, ipment Operator. - Dishwasher, Bull Cook, Kitchen Helper. L. - Truck Driver, Heavy Equipment Operator, Carpenter. K. - General Office Work, ndry. Cook Helper, Bull - Carpenter, Electricity, Heavy Equipment General Maintenance, Truck Driver. Bull Cook. Bookkeeper, Carpenter Helper, Supervisor, Bull chen Helper. - Truck Driver, Equipment Operator, Plumber, Helper. L. - Carpenter, Plumber, Electrician Helper, Operator. S. - Carpenter, Mechanic. - General Office Work, Health Work. - Painter, Bull Cook. - Carpenter, Electrician, Gas Engine Heavy Equipment Operator. - Bull Cook, Dishwasher, Kitchen Helper. Table 3.1 3.3 19). 20. 21. 22 23. 24. 25. 26. 2 28. 29. 30. 3. Nevzoroff, V. -— Cook, Painter. Prokopeu::f, L. - Bookkeeper, Heavy Equipment Operator, Auto Mechanic. Prokopeu:f, R. - Carpenter, Electricity, Plumber. Snigaroff, D. - Small Engine Repair, Carpenter, Diesel Mechanic, Electricity. Snigaroff, M. - Plumber, Carpenter, Heavy Equipment Operator, Truck Driver, Diesel Mechanic, Electricity. Snigaroff, M. - Plumber Helper, Carpenter, Truck Driver (light). Snigaroff, R. - Heavy Equipment Operator, Plumber, Carpenter. Snigaroff, V. - Cook Helper, Laundry, Painter, Bull Cook. Swetzof, M. E. - Foreman, Equipment Operator, Security, Corporation President, Auto Tec. Swetzof, S. A. - Secretary, Kitchen Helper, Bull Cook. Zaochney, A. - Carpenter Helper. Zaochney, M. - Carpenter. Zaochney, S. - Carpenter Helper, Truck Driver, Equipment Operator. Table 3.1 (continued) 3.4 4.0 EXISTING HEATING AND ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATING FACILITIES 4.1 4.2 4.3 Bulk Fuel Storage and Heating Appliances Bulk fuel storage capacity within the village is listed, segregated by sector, in Figure 4.1. These capacities are based on actual tank sizes cases, and on estimates where reliable data could not be obtained. The storage capacity of domestic fuel tanks and 55 gallon drums was not included in the bulk storage capacities. Also listed in Figure 4.1 are the types of heating and cooking appliances, segregated by sector, being used in the village. Electrical Generation Facilities The existing generating equipment installed in the village is listed in Figure 4.2. Comments on the operation of the generators are included. Fuel Oil Usage Figure 4.3 illustrates the use of fuel oil in the village. Consumption, by sector, of fuel oil for space heating is listed as a percentage of the total oil consumption. Similarly, the percentage of oil used for electrical power generation is shown. 4.1 4.4 The oil used for space heating is broken down to show the portion that actually heats building space, and that which is lost to waste. The electrical generation fuel oil is also separated into electrical energy and waste heat segments. Fuel oil consumption in the village was based on records, where avilable, and calculated estimates where no reliable records existed. Please refer to the Methodology section of the main report for an explanation of the estimating process. Electrical Energy Distribution The energy flow through the electrical generation sector is depicted graphically on Figure 4.4. The "pie-chart" represents the total energy dedicated to the generation of electrical power. Each sector in the village consumes a slice of the pie, as shown. are2 ATKA/1982 BULK FUEL STORAGE CAPACITIES AND TYPES OF HEATING APPLIANCES SECTOR RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL SCHOOLS PUBLIC ee kk 70000 43000 35000 10000 LEGEND: TYPE OF HEATING APPLIANCE OIL-FIREO FORCED AIR FURNACE FUEL OIL (95000 gal) STORAGE * (GALS) GASOLINE ( 10000 gal) TYPE) OF HEATING APPLIANCE OIL- FIRED BOILER WITH WATER/GLYCOL DISTRIBUTION ORIP-TYPE OIL STOVE/FURNACE woOD STOVE PROPANE COOKING STOVES WASTE HEAT FROM GENERATORS our h wn — *DAY TANKS AND FUEL ORUMS ARE NOT INCLUDED. ** Anticipated central generation storage Figure 4.1 ELECTRICAL GENERATION FACILITIES ATKA GENERATOR TYPE OF TYPE OF ELECTRICAL 7 Corey ENGINE GENERATOR DISTRIBUTION COMMENTS] (ON) OFERATION Village Deutz Air KATO, 50 KVA 120/240 Vv The 40 KW Unit is operated from (Andreanof electric Cooled 58.3 HP, | .8 p.f. 4 p.m. to 9 a.m. (17 hours) each Association) 1200 RPM day and provides power to 20 homes, the store, and the clinic. Dur- ONAN ONAN 3 9 ing the day (9 a.m. to 4 p.m.) power is provided to the store and clinic with the 15 KW Generator. The Crossflow Turbine is not oper- ating because of inadequate stream- flow. Hydro-Electric | xamaGc Cross-Flow Tur-]| 50 EXx9E bine Belt Drive] 1800 RPM No Modulation School Kohler Kohler, 19 120/240 Vv A single generator provides power (Aleutian Island 1200 RPM 146A to the school and city buildings. School District) Private Pelton Wheel Turbine Proposed Central Electricity The central generation system would provide continuous power to the entire village. Figure 4.2 FUEL OIL USAGE ATKA/ 1982 SECTOR END USE Space Heat 100 90 80 403% 70 Waste Heat 273 30 Generator Waste Heat 20 10 Electricity 9% R Residential 33 % Cc Commercial 10 % P Public 13 % S School Il % E. Electrical Power 33 % Generation 52000 GAL = 7020x10°BTU ESTIMATED FUEL OIL USE Figure 4.3 4.5 ELECTRICAL GENERATION SECTOR ENERGY DISTRIBUTION ATKA | Residential 7 % Commercial 7% Public 3% School 7% Waste Heat 74% Generation Losses 2% TOTAL ENERGY 2293 x 10° BTU/YEAR TOTAL ELECTRIC POWER 603 MWH/YEAR Figure 4.4 4.6 5.0 ENERGY BALANCE The estimated energy consumption in Atka during 1982 is listed in Table 5.1. Estimates of the different types of energy consumed by the various sectors are based upon the 1980-81 fuel purchase records kept by the store, the school, and the local utility. Estimates based on the population, square footage of residences and other buildings, and calculated energy usage factors, were used where data were incomplete. The flow of energy through the village is illustrated in Figure 5.1. In 1982 it is estimated that 8,370 MMBTU of fuel will enter Atka. This fuel will be distributed to the various sectors and used for transportation, cooking, heating and electricity generation. The conversion of the fuel to its end use will result in 43% or 3,581 MMBTU of energy lost as heat. 54% of this waste heat could be recovered using conservation and waste heat recovery practices. The actual amount of energy used by each sector is listed in the last column of the diagram. The 1982 projected distribution of useable energy, if a central generation system is installed in the village, is shown in Figure 5.2. The distribution represents the quantity of energy that will be required by each sector (excluding transportation) for electric lights and appliances, water heating, space heating and cooking, and generation station service. Percentages listed in the figure can be multiplied by the useable energy of 3439 X 10® Btus to determine the projected energy requirements for a particular end use in a given sector. These projected energy requirements do not include energy conversion losses and therefore represent the actual quantity of energy required for each end use. Sie cS VILLAGE: ATKA/1982 ENERGY BALANCE FUEL OIL GASOLINE PROPANE TOTAL ENERGY eee eee [ee] De mg | RESIDENTIAL 44 150 1566 33 COMMERCIAL 574 La! PUBLIC 643 13 SCHOOLS 618 a8 ELECTRICAL GENERATION TRANSPORTATION *station service or distribution losses Table 5.1 LS eanbiy ATKA/1982 Pop: 108 HOUSEHOLDS: 25 8,500 HTG. DEGREE DAYS ] FUEL AMOUNT ENERGY ELECTRICAL END USE TOTAL BY SECTOR CONVERSION DISTRIBUTION I BY SECTOR USABLE ENERGY TRANSPORTATION | TRANSPORTATION | GASOLINE TRANSPORTATION (1350) (1350) (2350) PROPANE COOKING RESIOENTIAL RESIDENTIAL wooo (2360) HEATING (1566) HEATING/ (1416) COOKING - = COMMERCIAL COMMERCIAL HEATING Lt tO 4) (574) (674) (270) FUEL OIL POWER POWER GEN. GENERATION ELECTRICAL (7020) (2293) GENERATORS SCHOOL(S) SCHOOL(S) HEATING/ | (618) (747) COOKING PUBLIC [ PUBLIC M (643) HEATING (947) TOTAL INPUT ENERGY (8370) TOTAL USABLE ENERGY RECOVERABLE WASTE HEAT (1924) (6713) WASTE HEAT NON - RECOVERABLE NOTE: NUMBERS (1657) IN BRACKETS ARE 10° Btu's. WVY9VIG MOIS ADYANS DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL USABLE ENERGY* ATKA W/ CENTRAL GENERATION INSTALLED END USE BY SECTOR BECTOR a <a Se KF z w a 7” — RS ° H/C(34.1%) aad od Ww @ < Kt Za Ww Oo COML & Ww oa ———— P(1.1%) RW REGEN Tmmrm mom ywuc1.3%) SCHOOL PUBLIC H/C(16.5%) 0 END USE SUMMARY E LIGHTS, REFRIGERATOR/FREEZERS, 16.4% VIDEO, AND OTHER ELECTRICAL USES WH WATER HEATING 8.3%: H/C SPACE HEATING, COOKING AND MISC. 74.0% P GENERATOR STATION SERVICE/ 1.1% TRANSMISSION LOSSES TOTAL USABLE ENERGY = 3439 x 10° BTU % DOES NOT INCLUDE ENERGY USED FOR TRANSPORTATION AND RECOVERABLE WASTE HEAT Fig, 5.2 6.0 6.1 6.2 ENERGY FORECASTS Population Projection The population of Atka was forecast for the twenty year planning period based upon historical population trends, expected changes resulting from planned capital projects and the villagers' projections of the growth of their community. Historical data from 1940 to 1980 most closely approximates a 1% annual growth rate. Recently, many young families are returning to the village from regional centers. This trend is expected to continue as conditions improve with completion of planned capital projects. Thus a 2% growth rate was used in the projection. Historical and projected populations are listed below. Figure 6.1 illustrates the population projection over the 20 year planning period. Historical Projected 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 89 85 119 88 93) 129 157 192 Capital Projects Forecast Four major capital projects will be proceeding in Atka in the summer of 1982. These are the construction of a new high school, a runway, 19 HUD houses and the installation of a central electrical generation and distribution system. 6.1 The HUD houses will be completed in 1982 and are included in the base case. The school is included in the 1983 projections and is represented by step increases in the power and thermal requirements of the school sector in Figures 6.3 and 6.4. The runway will not have a direct effect on electrical or thermal demands. The village is planning to construct a multipurpose community building within the next 5 years but because there are no further details available at this point in time (February 1982) these have not been included. However, the computer programs developed for electrical and thermal energy forecasting do have a facility to include capital projects. When firm plans are established for specified developments the programs can be run to detail the effect on the peak demand, kilowatt hours generated and the effect on the thermal energy requirements of the community. The new school development has been planned in 2 phases, however, the Aleutian Regional School District is hoping to have both phases completed for the 1983-84 school year, depending on legislative support. Because the school plans and projected energy requirements are available it has been assumed that Phases I and II will be completed in the next 2 construction seasons. The village is requesting that a hydro power project be taken to feasibility although because of the uncertain time frame for construction this project has beer. analyzed as a potential alternative to the base case (business as usual) scenario. 6.2 6.3 6.4 Thermal Energy Projection Figure 6.2 presents the anticipated thermal energy consumption of Atka during the forecast period. The thermal energy is provided by the combustion of fuel used for space heating. The projections were based on fuel use records, and estimates of the heating requirements of the building. The effect of the new capital projects, discussed in Section 6.2, were included. Electrical Energy and Peak Demand Projection Figure 6.3 presents the anticipated electrical energy consumption of Atka, by sector, during the forecast period. The projections were based on the existing electrical loads, consumption records, and estimates where accurate data were not available. Details of the estimation methods and calculations are included in the Methodology section of the main report. The effects of the new capital projects, discussed in Section 6.2, were included. Ga Y C“MMBTUD NERG & TERA POPULATION POPULATION PROJECTION ATKA 2828 178 168 152 148 1328 128 118 122 1 ee 1 fj 1962 «#1984 1986 1988 1998 19892 1894 18986 1998 YEAR Figure 6.1 THERMAL ENERGY PROJECTION ATKA 7522 e522 4522 cen Soe est? 1952 1924 Figure 6.2 6.4 1926 ELECTRICAL ENERGY ELECTRICAL ENERGY PEAK DEMANO (KW) TOTAL (MWH) BY SECTOR (MWH) 158 PEAK DEMAND PROJECTION ATKA 125 188 75 so . 1982 375 At. 1984 ELE pl ee ere 1886 1988 1998 19382 1994 1998 1938 28223 YEAR CTRICAL ENERGY PROJECTION ATKA 325 275 225 175 152 125 128 7 52 gk te gee igs2 «1984 1885 1983 1993 1992 1994 1595 1998 2020 YEAR G = Electrical Generation Sector C = Commercial P = Public S = Schools R = Residential Figure 6.3 6.5 7.0 ENERGY RESOURCE ASSESSMENT Wind Wind, the ever-present resource of Atka, could be a potential alternative for generation of electricity. There is a lack of recorded wind data for the Island of Atka since the nearest certified weather station is in Adak, approximately 100 miles away. Before serious consideration could be given to installation, a complete assessment of wind power potential must be completed. Included in this study should be the average wind speed, the wind speed distribution, the highest winds, the longest period of calm, the amount of turbulence, and the wind speed to height relationship. Dr. Tunis Wentink, Jr. of the University of Alaska's Geophysical Institute, estimated the average annual wind speed on Atka Island as being 12.5 miles per hour at a height of 10 meters, 15.6 mph at 30 meters, and 17.3 mph at 50 meters. Reckard and Newell in the Alaskan Wind Energy Handbook suggest that a site with wind speeds of 12 mph or greater is probably a good site for a wind generator. To date, generation of electrical power from wind has yet to be proven economically or technically viable for remote Alaskan villages. When sufficient data becomes available to demonstrate that wind generation is an economical and reliable energy source for small villages, it should be given serious consideration as an energy alternative for Atka. Wood The Aleutian Islands are not forested and driftwood does not accumulate in large amounts on Atka, consequently wood is not an important source of energy. Wed Coal There are no known coal deposits in the immediate area. The nearest significant deposits are in the Chignik Coal Fields. That resource is not presently being exploited and transportation of coal from Anchorage is not considered feasible. Peat Peat deposits are extensive but not considered a viable resource to Atka residents. The thick organic mat which covers much of the island contains a high concentration of incombustible volcanic ash. The low ash fusion temperature often results in fouling the heat exchanger surfaces. Additional problems arise as fuel grade peat must be dried to a moisture content of less than 25% which would be especially difficult considering the abundant rainfall. Solar The Aleutian Islands are known, justifiably, for the lack of cloud-free conditions. Therefore, even passive solar heating systems are not considered feasible. Geothermal The geothermal springs identified about 10 to 12 miles from the village do not appear to have reasonable potential in the future. The cost of developing the geothermal wells and piping the heat to the point of use is believed to be prohibitive at this time. Another factor that reduces the 7.2 geothermal potential is the fact that the volcano on the island has been active within the last decade. The volcano could again become active and damage or destroy any geothermal wells drilled in the area. Hydro The potential of a hydroelectric generator has been the focus of continued interest since 1972 when Mike Snigaroff, then President of the Atka Village Council, requested assistance from the Public Health Service. In October, 1979, the U. S. Department of Energy investigated and favorably endorsed further study into the possibility of stream generated electricity on Atka. A detailed study of five potential hydroelectric sites was completed by the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers in October, 1980. Included in their analysis was streamflow, generating capability, and cost. Their results imply an economic feasibility for installation of hydropower. An unnamed stream approximately 0.6 miles southwest of the village was the subject of the following analysis. Although the drainage basin is only about 3 square miles, the abundant rainfall and relatively high head indicate excellent hydroelectric potential. The proposed diversion structure could be placed at the 200 ft. elevation. The drainage area of this basin is approximately three square miles using the U.S.G.S. 1:250,000 quad map. Assumptions Several standard regression analyses have been tried at this site. However, in our opinion regression analysis cannot be applied because there is no comparable hydrologic information available for this site (Childer, 1970). There were five U.S.G.S. hydrologic data stations on Amchitka Island between 1967 and 1973. Runoff at these stations averaged 2.7 cubic feet per second per square mile. Weather on Amchitka is comparable with weather on Shemya which is 260 air miles to the west. Shemya had an averge of 29.98 inches of precipitation per year between 1963 and 1972. The nearest available data is from Adak, which is 100 air miles west of Atka. Adak has a yearly average precipitation of 63.47 inches based on records over the past 30 years. The paucity of climate data for the Aleutians means that it has to be assumed that Atka's weather is comparable to that of the nearest recording meteorological station at Adak. Previously the U.S. Corp. of Engineers and the U.S.G.S. have generally accepted runoff for the Aleutians as 4 cubic feet per second per square mile. Since it appears Atka receives twice the mean annual rainfall of Amchitka (2.7 cubic feet per second per square mile) this would indicate that 4 cubic feet per square mile is a conservative figure. Based on these assumptions, Table 7.1 contains estimates of the projected mean annual and monthly streamflow. 7.4 Table 7.1 Estimated Annual = Qa = 12 cfs Estimated Jan. = Q = 13 cfs Estimated Feb. = Q = 11 cfs Estimated mean monthly Estimated Mar. = Q = 13 cfs and mean annual runoff Estimated Apr. = Q = 10 cfs using U.S.G.S. open Estimated May = Q = 9 cfs file report 76-513, Estimated June = Q = 7 ets and NOAA weather data. Estimated July = Q = 7 cfs Estimated Aug. = Q = 9 cfs Estimated Sept. = Q = 13 cfs Q = Discharge Estimated Oct. = Q = 15icEs) Estimated Nov. = Q = 18 cfs Estimated Dec. = Q = 17 cfs A reconnaissance of this basin should be performed with additional measurements made prior to final design of any facility. Conservation Measures Waste Heat Capture The majority of the energy in the fuel oil burned ina diesel generator is lost as waste heat through the engine cooling water, exhaust gases, and radiant heat from the engine. Much of the waste heat can be reclaimed from the engine cooling water and exhaust gas by transferring the heat in heat exchangers to a secondary fluid, usually an antifreeze solution. This is then pumped to buildings and used in heaters for space heating. Alternate Plan B, detailed in Section 8.3 of this report, investigates the feasibility of waste heat recovery at Atka. Weatherization Homes and buildings built in Western Alaska in the past have in general been poorly insulated and weatherized. Heat loss from such buildings is high, in the forms of heat loss directly through the walls, floor, and ceiling, and by the cold air that enters around leaky doors and windows. Insulating and weatherizing a home can often cut the heating fuel requirement in half or more, and make the building more comfortable and liveable at the same time. The materials required are inexpensive, and the skills necessary for installation low. This work is perhaps the most effective way of reducing village energy usage. Technology Ranking Figure 7.1 presents a ranking of the technologies that could be applied to the village. Each technology was examined on the basis of state-of-the-art quality of the technology, cost, reliability, resource, labor, and environmental impact. Please refer to the Methodology section in the Appendix for the ranking method. 7.6 ESE Village of Atka Weatherization* Technology | State-of-the-Art Cost bility Resource Labor Environ- mental Impact Ranking Factor Diesel Power Waste Heat Recovery* Induction* Hydroelectric Power 2 3 5 4 4 B 0.85 Wind Energy Conversion Systems 2 2 2 2 3 5 0.47 Geothermal Energy N/A N/A N/A 0 N/A N/A 0.00 Steam Power from local fuel,wood,coal,ect... N/A N/A N/A 0 N/A N/A 0.00 Gasification of wood,coal or peat , N/A N/A N/A 0 N/A N/A 0.00 Generation via synchronous Electrical Load Management* * Energy Conservation Measures Note: 0 = worst case, 5 = best case Figure 7.1 N/A Not Applicable 8.0 ENERGY PLAN 8.1 Base Case 8.1.1 General Description The base case plan for the village of Atka is to install a central generation system. This centralized system would include the following: 1. Generators 1 - 100 KW 120/240V 39 1 - 75 KW 120/240V 39 1 - 40 KW 120/240V 39 existing 2 Install a 7200/12470V 38 distribution system to new homes (1 mi) and school (1.5 mi). Sie Distribution Single phase drops of sufficient number to connect all village consumers. 4. Location Recommended location is in the existing school generator building which is large enough to house the new generators. In addition, adequate fuel storage tanks (43,000 gal capacity) are available at the school. The school district will occupy the new school buildings within one year of the earliest installation of the central generating system. The school district was informed of our recommendation and would be prepared to consider such an arrangement. Table 8.3 presents an itemized present worth analysis of the plan for the 20 year study period. The dis- counted present worth of the plan is $1,616,300, however, because 25% of the excess electricity will be used for space/water heating there will be approxi- mately $273,000 of discounted net benefits. The discounted plan cost is $1,343,300 for years 1-20, and $2,329,000 over the expected life of the hydrosystem (50 years). 8.2.3 Social and Environmental Evaluation Base Case Plan Summary: Summary 1) 2) Community Preference: The village meeting focused on the potential for hydro electric power as the primary alternative to diesel. The low O&M and reliability of the system are important considerations. Also, there is the potential for excess power production which would be available for either local commercial developments or possibly resistance heating. Installation of a hydro facility would provide several jobs locally during the construction phase and a part time position for a person to operate and maintain the system. The community is strongly in favor of a feasibility study to determine an accurate cost and fully access the potential of the proposed installation. Environmental Considerations: 2) Air Quality: There will be a slight improvement in air quality because the diesels will be relegated to a back up role. 8.10 ii) Noise: Levels will be almost eliminated except when the diesels are run for testing or when operating in their capacity as a backup to the hydro. iii) Water Quality: No impact. iv) Fish and Wildlife: The small diversion dam will not have an appreciable effect. In Atka the stream is inhabited by trout but there are no sea run species because of steep waterfalls at the coast. v) Terrestrial Impacts: Will be associated with the road construction to the diversion dam site. The diversion dam construction (assumed to be rock crib type), the penstock route, powerhouse and transmission line to the village. The impacts would be kept to a minimum until a feasibility study is undertaken these effects cannot be detailed. vi) Land Use and Land Ownership Status: The dam site is on land administered by the Fish and Wildlife Service. Either the village would expand its land selections to include the site and corridor or the necessary permission would have to be sought from Fish and Wildlife. 8.2.4 Alternate Plan A Technical Evaluation A hydro electric power plant operating in Atka is expected to be: 8eL 1. Highly Reliable. A possible power shortage could occur if a dry season causes low flow. 2. Safe. A well maintained system will present little hazard to operators or village residents. 3. Availability. Constructed using conventional well established construction practices. Replacement parts would be difficult to obtain at the remote Alaska site. 8.3 Alternate Plan B 8.3.1 General Description The Alternate Plan B for Atka is the installation of a waste heat recovery system installed at the anticipated central electric power plant, and consists of the following features: 1. Jacket water heat recovery equipment installed on 100 KW and 75 KW generators. 2. A distribution system consisting of pumps, piping and valves to deliver the ethylene glycol heat transfer fluid to the heated buildings and return it to the power plant. 3. Heating equipment installed in in the school and public buildings, to provide space heating. 4. A control system that automatically regulates the supply of heat to the 8212 buildings, and rejects any surplus waste heat to the engine radiators. 8.3.2 Alternate B Cost Analysis Table 8.4 presents the itemized, estimated cost to install the jacket water waste heat recovery system. The present worth of the heat recovery system was estimated to be $114,200. The system value was amortized over a 10 year period. The cost of fuel oil normally used for space heating, which was offset by the captured waste heat, was $16.67/MMBTU, based on a fuel oil cost of $2.25/gallon. Operation and maintenance costs were calculated to be $1.76/MMBTU waste heat captured. Table 8.5 presents the itemized present value analysis of the plan, for the 20 year study period. The discounted net benefit of the system was $727,500. 8.3.3 Social and Environmental Evaluation Alternate Plan B Summary: Waste heat capture from existing generators for sale to major consumers. 1) Community Preference: The villagers of Atka recognize that the installation of waste heat will improve the efficiency of fuel use in the community. The sale of waste heat will help lessen the effect of rising fuel prices on the cost of electricity. 8.13 ESTIMATED HEAT RECOVERY COSTS Project Location Atka Generators (kw) 100,75,40 Estimated total KWH generated 177000 kwh/yr Generators equipped with heat recovery equipment 100,75 CALCULATED VALUES Average Generation Rate 20 kw Percent of On-Line Capacity 20% Maximum Jacket Water Heat Recovery 5200 Btu/min Percent Jacket Water Heat Available 41% Estimated Recovered Heat Available .128xX10© BtuH Estimated Recovered Heat Utilized -128X10© BtuH MAJOR COST ITEMS 1. Main piping 200 feet x $120/ft. 24,000 2. Heat Recovery Equipment 22,500 3. Circulating Pumps 7,600 4. Heaters and Miscellaneous Hardware 22,300 5. Contingencies (30%) 22,900 6. Base Cost 99,300 7. Project Management (5%) I 5,000 8. Engineering (10%) 9,900 9. ESTIMATED PROJECT COST 114,200 10. O & M COST $1.78/MMBtu 11. Recovery Efficiency ____ 6335 Btu/kwh Table 8.4 ST DIESEL - ELECTRIC INTEREST AND AMORTIZATION FUEL OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE TOTAL TOTAL YEARLY PLAN COST DISCOUNTED PLAN COST NON ELECTRIC BENEFITS EXTRA COSTS BENEFITS NET BENEFITS DISCOUNTED ‘NET BENEFITS 1982 25.0 S00 14.6 We Sel 15a) oooco"w oooon 1983 25:0 39.8 16.0 80.8 80.8 78.4 ooocoo~w . . OCOOOCOOWwW NOTE: 1984 30,45 54.9 21is5 106.9 106.9 100.8 ooCoco~"w oooos. PLAN 3 ALTERNATE B 1985 1986 30.5 30.5 57.4 60.0 21-9 228 109.8 112.8 109.8 112.8 100.5 100.2 1985 1986 16.5 16.5 55.6 58.1 39.2 41.6 34.8 3039 1987 16.6 60.6 44.1 36.9 *** ALL VALUES IN $1000's Table 8.5 1988 16.6 63.3 46.6 37.9 1989 NOG? 66.0 49.3 38.9 1990 16.8 68.9 626 3929 1991 16.8 7118 55.0 40.9 . _ Oo DIESEL - ELECTRIC INTEREST AND AMORTIZATION FUEL OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE TOTAL TOTAL YEARLY PLAN COST DISCOUNTED PLAN COST NON ELECTRIC BENEFITS EXTRA COSTS BENEFITS NET BENEFITS DISCOUNTED NET BENEFITS TOTAL YEARLY PLAN COST TOTAL DISCOUNTED PLAN COST 1992 30.5 11.8 24.8 133.1 133/40 99.0 1992 16.9 74.9 58.0 41.9 TOTAL DISCOUNTED NET BENEFITS TOTAL PLAN COST 1993 1994 30.5 30.5 81.2 84.7 25.2 25.6 136.9 140.9 136.9 140.9 98.9 98.8 1993 1994 16.9 17.0 78.1 81.4 61.1 64.4 42.9 43.8 1982-2034 8331.3 3969.8 1808.5 2161.3 Table 8.5 (continued) PLAN 3 ALTERNATE B 1995 30.5 88.4 26.0 144.9 144.9 98.7 1995 17.1 84.8 67.8 44.8 1996 8025 O22 26.5 149.2 149.2 98.6 1996 LS 88.4 Aw 45.8 1997 30.5 96.2 26.9 153.6 153.6 98.6 1997 17.2 92.1 75.0 46.7 NOTE: 1998 30.5 100.3 27.4 158.2 158.2 98.6 1998 17 a2 96.0 78.8 47.7 *** ALL VALUES IN $1000's 1999 30.5 104.6 27.8 163.0 163.0 98.6 1999 Lia 100.1 82.8 48.6 2000 30.5 109.1 2823 167.9 167.9 98.6 2000 17.4 104.3 86.9 49.6 2001 80.5 113.8 28.7 173i 173 98 «7 2001 Lia: 108.7 ole3 50.5 TOTAL 5997. 1538. 480. 2619. TOTA 288. 1353% 1065. 727. 8 4 8 0 t iS Cie FS: Installation of the waste heat capture system will require local expertise and should provide a number of jobs during the construction phase. The system should operate with minimal maintenance although one part time person would be required until the system has been tested and initial minor problems have been solved. 2) Environmental Considerations: i) Air Quality: There will be a reduction in fuel consumption resulting in reduction of hydrocarbon, monoxide and nitrogen oxide emissions. ii) Noise Levels: No impact. iii) Water Quality: There would be a minor impact if a major leakage occurred in the coolant system. iv) Fish and Wildlife Impacts: None. v) Terrestrial Impacts: Will be minimal during the installation of the distribution system and will be restricted to the village site. vi) Land use and Ownership Status: It is assumed that the village will make the necessary arrangements for the right of way requirements for the distribution system. 8.3.4 Alternate Plan B Technical Evaluation Operation of the waste heat recovery system in Atka, Bee in conjunction with the central power plant, is expected to conform to the following expectations: 1. High Reliability. The system utilizes simple, reliable components that are readily available off the shelf from a variety of sources. 2. Safety. A well maintained system has a very low hazard potential. 3. Availability. All components needed are available immediately. The system is relatively easy to implement. 8.18 9.0 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES AND RECOMMENDATIONS Table 9.1 summarizes the village plans, the associated present worth analysis, and any non-electric benefits. Table 9.1 982-200 ATKA [Base Case | Alternative A] Alternative nergy Source Waste Hea Present Wort PST, 940, TOO $1,616,300 $1,940, T00 Non-Electrical Benefits 273, 000 1500 Tota PST, 940, TOO] $1,343,300 $1,212, 600 982-2034 ATKA Alternative Energy Source Diese Hydro Diesel and Present wort [$3,569,800 $2,949,700 [ $3,965, 800 Non-Electrical Benefits PT 585,800 TT, 808, 500 ota [$3,969,800] $2,303,900 [| $2,161, 300 Direct power generation costs, exluding administrative costs, are presented in Table 9.2 for each energy plan. Table 9.2 Energy Base Case Alternative A Alternative B Production Plan 1 Cost Plan 2 Cost Plan 3 Cost Year (kwh/yr.) (¢ /kwh ) (¢/kwh ) (¢ /kwh ) T9862 EPL 47.20 47.20 47.20 1983 199,500 40.50 40.50 40.50 1984 268,100 39.87 39.87 39.87 1985 273,300 40.18 32.13 25.83 1986 278,400 40.52 31.50 25.57 1987 283,500 40.88 30.90 25.33 1988 288,700 41.25 30\.31 aoelt 1989 293,800 41.70 29.75 24.91 1990 299,000 42.11 29.20 24.68 1991 304,200 42.54 28.67 24.46 1992 309,400 43.02 28.15 24.27 1993 314,700 43.50 27.65 24.09 1994 320,000 44.03 27.19 23.91 1995 , 325,400 44.53 26.71 23.69 1996 330,900 45.09 26.20 23.54 1997 336,400 45.66 25014 23637 1998 342,000 46.26 2532 231322 1999 347,600 46.89 24.86 23,107 2000 353,400 47.51 24.54 22.92 2001 359,200 48.19 24.00 22.77 ee _ 9.2 Table 9.3 presents the plans for the village, in rank of recommended preference. The recommended action appropriate to each alternative is listed as well. Table 9.3 Energy Plan Alternative Recommended Action Alternative A - Hydro Initiate a feasibility Electric Power study including stream gauging for hydroelectric. Estimated cost of feasibi- lity study $140,000 - $150,000. Alternative B - Waste Heat Initiate a feasibility Capture study for waste heat recovery. Estimated cost of feasibilty study $12,000 - $15,000. Base Case — Operation of Anticipated Central Generation Plant Additional Recommendations Weatherization No resource assessment or -building insulation feasibility study -building envelope needed; immediate action infiltration required to bring Energy -improved combustion Audit and/or weatherization program to this community. The results of the economic analyses show a minor advantage to alternative A which is central generation with a waste heat capture system. However, it must be noted that the scenario is based on the assumptions that the village generators will be installed in the present school's generator building, all buildings in the village will be connected to a single system, and fuel oil savings from waste heat capture are priced according to the private sector cost. If any of these assumptions are not met then the waste heat capture system must be re-evaluated. 9.3 Central generation with waste heat capture and hydro have to be given equal status for future consideration. However, the villagers expressed preference is for the development of a hydroelectric system with diesel back-up. 9.4 APPENDIX. See Section 3.0 (Methodology) of the Main Report: RECONNAISSANCE STUDY OF ENERGY REQUIREMENTS AND ALTERNATIVES FOR THE VILLAGES OF Aniak, Atka, Chefornak, Chignik Lake, Cold Bay, False Pass, Hooper Bay, Ivanof Bay, Kotlik, Lower and Upper Kalskag, Mekoryuk, Newtok, Nightmute, Nikolski, St. George, St. Marys, St. Paul, Toksook Bay, and Tununak. Atka Rural 8ranc Aska, Alaska 99502 (G07) 767-8001 ATKA VILLAGE COUNCTI py At m1 r. Les RECEIvep APR 1 2 i382 1502 BECEIVED ae APR 15 1982 ‘ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY The Atka Vill ce Study of Ener ‘ roo sith the base 0] the installation o § genera tion system; hs ean e eae AS oe ~ele SiC, and, Alberna- tive B, a waste heat recovery s7stem. % ; the Aleutian Housing Autherity has appl for funding on our beh? under the Rural Develcnment Assistance ‘gram and the SuD aT Block grant to install the centralized senera- tion system at Ata The RDA funds have been approved. Aporovai of is pending. Flans for the system have already been ef Nortec and Rich Pisula of Yan Gulik and Asso- tem is tentatively scheduled for the ‘Te 2) bi e . e 4 5 C1 oF ND The Atka Villaze Courcit and Andr ce Cormoration wei hearstedl: supnort 4 ddxelpaeeced ctri.c at Atka. that a feasibility study be’ conducted scon as is possib recommend that Nortec and Van Gulik and Associates conduct tne as they are alreacy familiar with Atka's current enersyv sources future needs for energy. £ there is anything we can do to assist you, please don't hesitate to let us now. Sincerely, Oro ny Oey i Lake Gregory Golodoff lie Dirks President Secretary/Treasurer a] ee a Hone tae akon Seana ee ano: Electril Oy ren orks Council’ Memhane!® Reply to Atka Village Council letter dated 4/8/82. \ Receipt of the letter is acknowledged; but no reply is necessary. MEMO TO THE RECORD ALASKA | susyect ACRES' and NORTEC's ENERGY RECONS sy PKD _____srpare_4/6/82 POWER | _TELECON WITH DIANA RIGG, DNR, DIVISION OF SHEETNO._] _oF_j____ AUTHORITY | PARKS, OFFICE OF HISTORY & ARCHEOLOGY prosect ENERGY RECONS Diana Rigg called with a personal communication which she will follow with a letter. Eight of our reconnaissance communities for the FY 82 studies have sites of historical projects. They are: Chignik Lake Atka fit arson Ivanof Bay Night mutoc Stebbins Newtok New Chenega She recommends that if feasibility studies are done for these communities, the contractor should contact their office early in the study. Reply to Telecon with Diana Rigg, DNR, Division of Parks, Office of History and Archaeology, dated 4/6/82. Receipt of the letter is acknowledged; but no reply is necessary. MEMORANDUM... State of Alaska DIVISION OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT TO: ERIC YOULD, Executive Director DATE: April 16, 1982 Alaska Power Authority FILE NO: Q (Ceadaaa. ‘RECEIVED TELEPHONE NO: 976_9653 FROM. REED STOOPS APR 2 2 1982 SUBJECT: DNR Comments: APA's Director Draft FY 82 Energy ‘ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY Reconnaissance Reports The Department of Natural Resources appreciates the opportunity to review these draft energy reconnaissance report. Ivanof Bay: There are no known cultural resources sites on the National Register of Historic Places, nor are there sites determined to be eligible for the National Register. Examination of Division of Parks records indicates there is a low potential of such sites occurring in the subject area; however, it is the responsibility of APA to verify this statement. Should cultural resources be found during the construction, we request that the project engineer halt work which may disturb such resources and contact the Division of Parks immediately. Should there be any questions, please contact Diana Rigg, Division of Parks, at 274-4676. Newtok, Nightmute, Stebbins, and New Chenega: The Division of Parks is concerned that the impact of the projects on cultural resources has not been included in the reconnaissance studies. In order for the Alaska Power Authority to meet its responsibilities per 36 CFR 800, cultural resources must be addressed under consultation with the State Historic Preservation Officer. The Division of Parks therefore requests to review the feasibility reports for the proposed projects if they are initiated. Chignik Lake: The reconnaissance study suggests that hydroelectric power and a central power plant are feasible alternatives to the present power base. There are cultural resources sites listed on the AHRS in the vicinity of Chignik Lake and there is potential for other sites to be found. The Division of Parks would like the opportunity to comment and review the feasibility reports for the proposed hydroelectric power unit and for the central power plant, if they are initiated. Atka: The reconnaissance study suggests that hydroelectric power js a feasible alternative to the present power base. There are cultural resources sites listed on the AHRS that are in the vicinity of the village and there is potential for other sites to be found. The Division of Parks would like the opportunity to comment and review the feasibility report for the proposed project, if it is initiated. O2-NAL Alben Tarn Reed Stoops 2 April 16, 1982 Atkasook: The reconnaissance study discusses the potential use of coal from local sources as a viable and feasible project. No specific locations were identified by the report. Over 30 cultural resources sites are listed on the AHRS as being within the general vicinity of Atkasook; these sites and others may be impacted should any coal be mined in the area. The Division of Parks would like to review any future plans that involve coal mining in the vicinty, should definite plans be initiated. If you have any questions regarding these comments, please contact Diana Rigg, Division of Parks, at 274-4676. Thank you for the opportunity to comment. Reply to the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Research and Development letter dated 4/16/82. The cultural resources of the respective sites will be addressed in any feasibility studies. DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY ALASKA DISTRICT. CORPS OF ENGINEERS P.O. BOX 7002 ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 99510 Seale , NPAEN-PL-R 1 MAR igg2 REGEIVED APR ~ 2 1982 Mr. Eric Yould 334 West Sth Avenue ‘ALASKA POWER.AUTHORITY Anchorage, Alaska 99501 Dear Mr. Yould: Thank you for the opportunity to review your draft energy reconnaissance reports for FY 1982. In general, we found the reports to be comprehensive and potentially helpful in our planning studies for both hydropower anu boat harbors. We would appreciate copies of the final reports when they are available. We have limited our comments to the reports that considered the areas we are most familiar with; however, some of the comments may apply to the other reports as well. The attached pages list specific comments for various communities. If we can be of further assistance, phease feel free to contact Mr. Loran Baxter of my staff at 552-3461. Sincerely, 1 Inc} leader oo As stated Chief, Engineering Division Comments Atka: Page 7.1 is inconsistant. The lack of wind data is sated in the first paragraph,.then details of specific average annual wind speed versus height is given in the next paragraph. Then a comment that a site with wind in excess of 12 mph is a good site is followed by the statement that wind energy is expensive. We suggest that this be reworded for clarification. Page 7.3 - 7.4. The write-up under the heading "Assumptions" is contradictory. The statement is made that “Weather on the Aleutian Islands varies greatly from one island to the other..." but is preceded and followed by statements stating that weather on Amchitka is comparable to that on Shemya, and that Atka's weather is comparable to that on Adak. Page 8.7. Mobilization and Demobilization costs of $50,000 appear low. Chignik Lake: Pages 7.1 and 8.13. Location of hydropower site is inconsistant. Page 8.14. Average power of 114 kW assumes 100 percent efficiency. “Energy” Available" is wrong based on 30 percent plant factor. Table 8.5. This table shows the hydropower project dispiacing all the diesel generation until 2000. However, the peak-demand projection on page 6.4 ranges between approximately 85 kW in 1982 to about 125 kW in 2000. Based on the streamflows shown on page 7.2 and the data presented on page 8.14, the hydropower system could not produce more than about 80 kW in December, 65 kW in January, 60 kW in February, and 50 kW in March. The peak deinanas would likely fall during this period and not during the summer when most of the village moves to Chignik Lagoon. Page 9.1 . The feasibility cost estimate of $35,000 to $45,000, including streamgaging, appears low. Cold Bay: The hydropower potential for Cold Bay referenced from the Corps' 1980 reconnaissance study has been found to be overly optimistic; therefore, the data should not be used. Ly es a Z False Pass: We concur with their findings that hydropower does not appear feasible. Ivanof Bay: Table 8.5. The table shows the hydropower system will displace all diesel. Based upon load and streamflow assumptions, it would not. Page 8.15. Mobilization and Demobilization costs appear low. Page 9.1. The feasibility study cost estimate of $25,000 to $35,000, including streamgaging, appears low. Nikolski: The findings, as reported, agree with the results of the Corps' study. We feel that wind generation is the most promising alternative to diesel generation. The White Alice site may not be the most feasible location because of its distance from town. Although it is protected from corrosive salt spray because of its elevation, a wind energy conversion system may be affected by the other structures within the installation. The bluff between the runway and Sheep Creek may be a better site. The report neglected to mention if the WECS installed on the Chaluka Ranch has been repaired and placed in service and if it is performing satisfactorly. If a diesel enlargement were recommended to cope with substantial expansion of electrical demand, a salvaging of White Alice units could be pursued as an option if appropriate government channels can be identified. St. Paul: The reconnaissance study did not consider the impact of the proposed expansion of the fishing industry being considered by the local community. This could substantially alter the report findings. Galena: In a letter dated 9 June 1981 (copy previously furnished to your office), Ott Water Engineers stated that they felt that a storage project with a 100 to 300-foot dam may be feasible. The Corps will be taking a second look at this site this summer to determine if a feasibility study is warranted. Gustavus: The National Park Service has been directed to cooperate with the Corps of Engineers to determine the feasibility of hydroelectwic power on Falls Creek. An initial field trip and public meeting is tentativély scheduled for mid-May. We will be installing a streamgage this summer. New Chenega: The study indicates that it would be possible to construct a hydropower system at the site above the San Juan fish hatchery. It is our understanding that San Juan Aquaculture is going to construct a new hydropower system at this site for their personal use. We suggest you call Mr. Mike Hall with R.wW. Retherford Associates at 274-6551. He is involved with the proposed development. Reply to Department of the Army, Alaska District, Corps of Engineers, letter dated 3/31/82. Atka p. 7.1 (draft) Statements concerning wind resoures have been clarified. Pp. 7.3-7.4 (draft) Because of the lack of climatic data from the Aleutian Islands, it is necessary to extrapolate data from the nearest recording station. However, variability in the local climate means that all extrapolations are conservative. p. 8.7 (draft) Cost estimates for mobilization and demobilization have been adjusted to reflect Anchorage prices for equipment rather than those quoted from Adak. Chignik Lake p. 7.1 - 8.13 (draft) The distance has been corrected. 8.14 (draft) The energy available value has been corrected. Table 8.5 (draft) The table presented in the final report illustrates the use of diesel powered generators when there is a projected short fall. p. 9.1 The feasibility study estimates have been addressed especially in light of the comments from the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service which are included above. Cold Bay The hydropower data was included as part of the resource assessment and was the determining factor for our not including an alternative plan which was based on hydro. False Pass No comment necessary. Ivanof Bay Table 8.5 The hydropower scenario calls for the construction of a small dam and creates a reservoir. Without extensive field work, it has not been possible to show that this would be inadequate to meet the estimated demand of the village. Pp. 8.15 Mobilization costs have been increased. p. 9.1 Feasibility study figures have been increased especially in light of the comments and requirements of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service which are included above. Nikolski The White Alice site was considered because excellent foundations exist and the site is removed from the influence of salt spray. The bluff between the runway and Sheep Creek has been reconsidered and discussed with representatives of the village. The result has been the suggestion that the bluff site is a viable alternative and marginally less costly to develop because of a shorter transmission distance. However, this is largely offset by anticipated foundation problems at the bluff . site. WECS at the Chaluka Ranch was not in operation when the field team was in the village. The diesel set from the White Alice site was purchased by the utility; however, its condition was uncertain and the engine was being stored outside. St. Paul As the role of the National Marine Fisheries in the Pribilofs is curtailed, the future of the islands' economies is uncertain. The proposed boat harbor has not been funded, as yet, and no data was available which would enable predictions to be made as to its effect on the local economy and power requirements. Therefore a scenario including the possible development of such facilities was not included. United States Department of the Interior FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE Western Alaska Ecological Services IN REP ER TO: ened 733 W. 4th Avenue, Suite 101 WAES Anchorage, Alaska 99501 BEC (907) 271-4575 - EIVED Mr. Eric P. Yould Executive Director ALASKA POWER 4uTHORITY Alaska Power Authority 334 West 5th Avenue 9 APR 1982 Anchorage, Alaska 99501 Dear Mr. Yould: We have reviewed the Alaska Power Authority's (APA) Draft FY 1982 Energy Reconnaissance Reports. If the conclusions and recommendations stated in the individual reports become those of the APA, and if the APA undertakes feasi- bility studies in fulfillment of the recommended alternatives, then the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) requests that the information and studies outlined below be made a part of the feasibility studies. Without current site-specific resource information and a more complete description of the proposed project, it is difficult to assess what impacts, if any, will occur to fish and wildlife resources and associated habitat. Information should be acquired and studies conducted to identify the fish and wildlife resources of the study area, identify adverse project impacts to those resources, assess alternatives to the proposed action and devise a mitigation plan that would prevent a net loss to fish and wildlife resources. Specific information to be collected and studies to be conducted which the FWS feels are necessary to adequately assess potential impacts include the following: l. Plans for construction activities and project features to minimize damage to fish, wildlife, and their habitats should be devised, e.g., erosion control, revegetation, transmission line siting, construction timing, siting the powerhouse, diversion weir, and penstock above salmon spawning habitat, etc. 2. Losses of fish and wildlife habitat should be held to a minimum, and measures to mitigate unavoidable losses and enhance resources should be devised. 3. If there is to be a diversion of water or if substantial water temperature fluctutations are imminent, then these factors should be addressed because of their possible influence on water quality and fish habitat. Aquatic data collection should at least include the following: Page 2 (a) Identification of species composition and distribution of resident and anadromous fish within and downstream of the pro- ject area. Standard sampling methods such as fyke netting and minnow trapping, as well as visual observation of spawning and/or redds, should be used. (>) Surveying and mapping of fish spawning, rearing, and over- wintering habitat as defined in the FWS Instream Flow Techniques or similar guidelines. (c) Harvest levels and subsistence use data, if applicable. It should be incumbent upon the APA to document animal species within the project boundary. If it is determined that impacts to terrestrial mammals or bird habitat is imminent, the APA should gather habitat and population infor- mation in a manner consistent with the FWS' Habitat Evaluation Procedures. 4. Terrestrial data collection should include the following: (a) Verification of game and non-game species use and occurrence within the project area. Le Mammals. Qe Historical and current harvest levels and subsistence use data. be Site-specific wildlife observations, including wild- life sign, denning sites, feeding sites, migration routes, winter use areas, and calving areas. Ze Birds. Raptor nesting surveys within the project area. (b) Description of vegetation, cover typing, and areal extent of each type. The FWS requests that bald eagle surveys be undertaken. If nest sites are encountered, the APA should notify the FWS. The FWS seeks to maintain a 330-foot protective zone around all active and inactive nests. Compliance with provisions of the Bald Eagle Protecton Act is mandatory. We request that the following be accomplished during the course of the studies: 1. During the period of project planning, the APA should consult with federal, state, and local agencies having an interest in the fish and wildlife resources of the project area, including the Fish and Wildlife Service, prior to preparing any environmental reports. 2. The APA shall investigate and document the possible presence of any endangered or threatened species in the project area. If endangered of threatened species are determined to be present, the FWS should be notified. Page 3 3. The APA shall design and conduct at project cost, as soon as prac- ticable, preparatory studies in cooperation with the FWS and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. These studies shall include, but not be limited to, the above aquatic and terrestrial data. The studies shall also identify and evaluate general measures to avoid, offset, and/or reduce adverse project-caused impacts on fish and wildlife resources. Information from these fish and wildlife related studies shall be provided to the concerned state and federal resource agencies. Future correspondence on this, or other projects proposed by the APA should include a clear map, in sufficient detail to show the exact location of the project. This will enable the FWS to accurately determine whether or not Interior managed lands are involved. It is the desire of the FWS to work with the APA to resolve any concerns relating to fish, wildlife, and other resources. If it is determined that the project will result in resource impacts, the FWS will assist the APA in attempting to modify the project to alleviate or mitigate any adverse effects. Please feel free to contact me if you have any questions regarding our suggested feasibility studies. Sincerely, Lobet Lopestr Field Supervisor Reply to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service letter, undated. Environmental work to fulfill the information requirements detailed by FWS is included in the estimates for feasibility studies. PROPERTY OF: Alaska Power Authority 334 W. 5th Ave. Anchorage, Alaska 99501