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HomeMy WebLinkAboutAnchorage Fairbanks Transient Network Analyzer-APA-83-C-0051 1-1984TRANSIENT NETWORK ANALYZER Alaska Power Authority Anchorage - Fairbanks Intertie with 230 Kv Pt. Mackenize Area Transmission Study No: B100-1-0659-040000 Conducted By: W. Neugebauer H. Elahi Report Prepared By: W. Neugebauer H. Elahi S. Miske January, 1984 Electric Utility Systems Engineering Department General Electric Company Schenectady, N.Y. 12345 GENERAL @@ ELECTRIC Alaska Power Authority Fairbanks-Anchorage 138 kV Intertie TNA Study Introduction Table of Contents Conclusions and Recommendations Basis of Study of Results Discussion Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix A B Index to Cases Test Result Sheets Description and Explanation of Test Result Sheets Surge Arrester Types and Protective Characteristics System Parameters Description and Application of the Transient Network Analyzer 1. INTRODUCTION Studies have been performed on the Transient Network Analyzer of General Electric's Electric Utility Systems Engineering Department in Schenectady, New York. The studies performed using the Analyzer were the load rejection, short circuit and TNA studies as required by Contract No. APA-83-C-0051. Reports of these individual studies have been combined to form this report. In these studies, the Pt. Mackenzie transmission area was represented as 230 kV. The Cantwell-Watana and Gold Hill-Ft. Wainwright lines were represented in selected cases. 2. CONCLUSIONS For the conditions studied and excluding the Cantwell to Watana line: a. The SVS operated effectively to control the dynamic and 60Hz voltages that follow load rejection. The maximum 60Hz voltage on the Intertie occurred after the opening of the Teeland 138 kV breaker. This voltage was 1.15 pu. Ba The SVS operated effectively to restore system voltage following system faults. Cc. The application of special 15 kv zinc oxide arresters in parallel with the SvS_ thyristor controlled reactors at Teeland and _ Healy is required to limit the voltage at the thyristors. These arresters are not required for the Gold Hill SVS. The arresters would have a temporary power frequency overvoltage capability similar to that given in Figure 1 of GET-6460, General Electric TRANQUELL® Station Surge Arrester Application Guide. d. The switching surge duty on the Intertie line and transformer arresters was found to be within their capabilities. e. Energizing the Healy-Douglas line from Healy, with the Healy generator and SVS off, is not recommended because of the high 60Hz voltage that results. fi. Energizing of the Healy SVS with the Healy-Douglas line requires further discussion. However, the Healy-Douglas line can be successfully energized from Douglas without the Healy SVS in service. Cantwell-Watana Line In Service g. The 60Hz voltages following load rejection reaches 1.24 pu. The Healy SVS operates at the limt of its control range. 3. BASIS OF STUDY a. System Representation The Intertie was modeled in detail using miniature model techniques from the Pt. Mackenzie 230 kV bus to the Gold Hill 69 kV bus where inductive equivalent impedances were used to represent the Anchorage and Fairbanks systems. In all cases the Gold Hill 69 kV equivalent was for the minimum generation condition. The data for the system was derived from the specification and from several letters from Commonwealth Associates. The system diagram is shown in Figure A-l. The parameters for the lines and transformers are shown in Appendix D. Note: It should be noted that because of the large number of voltage points of interest, voltage point number 14 was moved from case to case and does not have the same location in each case. The first page of each case sheet states the location of number 14 for that particular case. b. SVS Models All three SVS's were modeled with -a high degree of detail. Actual SVS electronic controls were used to control the firing of the thyristors of the controlled reactors. These controls were implemented on the TNA by the HVDC Projects Operation of General Electric in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, the responsible product section for SVS. The power thyristors, reactors and filter banks were modeled with miniature model elements. In general, unless otherwise noted, the gain of all three SVS's were set to 20 (full range of MVAR change for a 5% voltage change) and with reference setpoints as indicated. Associated Voltage Control Specified Reference Range Voltage Location MVAR Setpoint (pu) (pu) Teeland -22 to +22 1.00 -975 to 1.025 Healy -33 to +22 1.02 1.00 to 1.05 Gold Hill -5 to 33 1.02 -975 to 1.025 (It is not intended to imply that the reference setpoints used in service must be identical to the values shown.) Also, unless otherwise indicated, the time constants for all SVS's were set at 150 ms as suggested in the control study.* *"Alaska Power Authority, Control System Study", Contract APA-83-C-0051 =—35 CG. Thyristor Voltage Limitation and Thyristor Controlled Reactor Arresters The TNA cases presented in this report are based on the application of special zinc oxide arresters connected line-to-line in parallel with the thyristor controlled reactors of the Teeland and Healy SVS. Initial load rejection cases showed thyristor voltages significantly in excess of 1.3 pu. The TCR arresters limit the voltage to approximately 31 kV which is 1.59 pu for Teeland and 1.83 pu for Healy. These arresters will have aerating of approximately 15 kV rms and consist of a number of parallel columns of zinc oxide disks. The number of parallel columns required is dependent upon the discharge duty encountered during system disturbances. The duty requirements are defined further in the case discussion. The load rejection cases did not point to high voltages for the Gold Hill SVS thyristors. This stems from the guidance provided by Commonwealth Associates that it is impractical to consider the opening of both 69 kV circuit breakers at Gold Hill (with the Gold Hill-Ft. Wainright line out of service). Thus, for all of the load rejection cases, such as breaker opening at Gold Hill 138 kv, the Gold Hill SVS remains connected to the Fairbanks system. As a result, all system disturbance cases in this report have been performed with the presumption that special arresters are not applied in parallel with the Gold Hill SVS TCR. This is reviewed further in the case discussion and in the conclusions. d. 138 kV Intertie Line and Transformer Arresters As a simplifying assumption, all arresters applied to the 138 kV Intertie line sections and transformers were modeled with a 108 kv rating for convenience, even though some are rated 120 kV on the actual system. The results are, therefore, slightly pessimistic for the 120 kv arresters which would absorb less energy than the TNA predicts. This fact does not change the overall conclusions. e. Load Modeling The loads on _ the_ Intertie (at Teeland, Douglas, Cantwell, Watana, Healy and Nenana) were assumed out of service. The overvoltages found are, therefore, slightly higher than actual. It was presumed that there is no significant temporary "backfeeding" from the load that can occur when the associated 138 kV line section is isolated from the rest of the system. Such backfeeding could result in high overvoltages if breaker relaying allows large motors to remain connected to an isolated line section. 4. DISCUSSION OF CASES The cases have been divided up into three categories: a. load rejection, b. fault initiation and clearing, and c. line energizing. The requirements of short circuit study of the specification have been fulfilled in category b. The individual case descriptions and oscillograms of selected voltages and currents are contained in Appendix A. a. Load Rejection All of these cases were performed with the Gold Hill-Ft. Wainright line out of service. The Healy generator and the Cantwell-Watana line were also out of service except for selected cases, as will be noted. The results for these cases are summarized in Table l. Case 300 With approximately 70 MW of power flow north, the 138 kV breaker at Gold Hill on the Nenana-Gold Hill line was opened. The SVS operated to control the dynamic and sustained overvoltage. After separation, the maximum crest 60Hz voltage was 1.09 pu. at the open end of the Gold Hill-Nenana 138kV line at Gold Hill. The only observable arrester duty was for the Healy TCR. This, however, was quite low. There was no significant 138kV Intertie arrester duty. Case 301 With approximately 70MW of power flow north, the 138kV breaker at Teeland was opened. The maximum 60Hz voltage was 1.15pu at the open end of the Teeland-Douglas line at Teeland. No significant TCR or 138kV Intertie arrester duty was found. Case 302 Again, with 70MW of power flow north, the 230kV transformer breaker at Teeland was opened. The maximum 60Hz voltage was 1.06pu at Cantwell. The only arrester duty was at the Teeland TCR and this was 0.040 MW sec. Case 303 The load flow was reversed from Case 302 and set to be 7OMW south. The opening breaker was still the 230kv transformer breaker at Teeland. The sustained overvoltage and arrester duty was similar to that of case 302. Case 304 This case has a load flow set at 7O0MW south with the Gold Hill SVS out of service. The 60Hz voltage is less 1.10pu. The only arrester duty is with the Teeland TCR arresters and is 0.075MW sec. 6s Case 305 The case was the same as Case 301 except that the power flow was 70MW south. The opening breaker was Teeland 138kvV. The maximum sustained overvoltage was 1.15pu at the open end of the Teeland-Douglas line at Teeland. Arrester duty was observed at both the Healy TCR and at the Teeland end of the Teeland-Douglas line with 0.03 MW sec. per phase. Case 306 The Healy generator was connected to the line sections to the south but unloaded. The line sections to the north were not connected. The generator was modelled as a fixed, constant frequency voltage behind a equivalent impedance. The disturbance was the opening of the Teeland 138kV breaker. The opening of the Teeland 138kV breaker causes the Teeland-Healy line sections and the Healy SVS to be isolated with the Healy generator from the rest of the power system. The SVS maintained voltage control. Case 307 The case was the same as Case 305 except that the ' Cantwell-Watana line is in service. The result of Cantwell-Watana line being in service following the load rejection was as a 60Hz voltage of 1.24pu at Douglas. The Healy SVS was operated at the limit of its control range. The Healy TCR arrester energy was 0.07MW sec. Case 308 This case was the same as Case 300 except the Teeland SVS was out of service. The maximum 60Hz voltage was 1.09pu at Nenana. The Healy TCR arrester duty was 0.04MW sec. b. Fault Initiation and Clearing All of these cases were performed with the Healy generator and transformer out of service and with the Gold Hill to Ft. Wainright line out of service. In addition, 70 MW of power transfer was simulated from Anchorage to Fairbanks. The Cantwell-Watana line was not in service. The results for these cases are summarized in Table 2. Case 200 In this case, a single line to ground fault was simulated on the 138 kV bus at Gold Hill. The 138 kv breaker at Gold Hill on the Gold Hill-Nenana line was opened in approximately five cycles and the two 69 kV Gold Hill breakers assumed to open in 30 cycles. The fault initiation angle was varied statistically 300 times and the duty to the Healy TCR arresters documented. The maximum energy per phase was 0.42 MW sec. The maximum current was 4.1 _ kA. Typical oscillograms of arrester operations are shown in oscillograms 18, 19, and 20. Shown in the case sheets are numerous oscillograms of voltages at various locations of interest. The maximum transient overvoltages on the Intertie line is 1.7 pu at the Gold Hill end of the Gold Hill-Nenana line section. This is not high enough to cause significant line arrester duty. The Teeland and Gold Hill SVS operate appropriately to control the 60Hz voltage. Also shown is the fault current and its contributions from Nenana and from the Gold Hill transformer. Case 201 This case is similar to Case 200, except the single line to ground fault was at the Healy end of the Healy-Nenana line section. The Healy end line breaker cleared in five cycles and the Gold Hill end breaker was cleared in 30 cycles. The maximum energy per phase for the Healy TCR arresters was .31 MJ. The maximum current was 3.48 kA. Case 202 A single line to ground fault was simulated on the Healy 138 kV bus. The line breakers at the Healy end of the Healy-Douglas line and Healy-Gold Hill line open _ in approximately five cycles. The maximum energy per phase for the Healy TCR arresters was .18 MW-sec. The maximum current was 3.654 kA. The overvoltage at the Gold Hill 138 kv SVS bus is only 1.25 pu. TCR arrester duty at Teeland would be low. Case 203 A single line to ground fault was simulated on _ the Douglas end of the Healy-Douglas line. The breaker at Douglas on the Douglas-Teeland line was opened in approximately five cycles, while the breaker at the Healy end was opened in approximately 30 cycles. The maximum energy per phase for the Healy TCR arrester was only 0.05 MW-sec. Case 204 A single-line-to-ground fault was simulated on the Teeland end of the Douglas-Teeland line. The 138 kv breakers at Teeland and Healy opened in five cycles. The maximum energy per phase for the Healy TCR arresters was 0.1 MW-sec. The 138 kV line arrester duties were low. Case 205 A three-phase-to-ground fault was simulated at the 138 kV Gold Hill bus. The 138 kV breaker at Gold Hill on the line to Nenana opened in approximately five cycles. The 69 kV Gold Hill breakers opened in(30)cycles. 6 -9- The energy to the Healy TCR arresters was not significant. The energy to the line arrester at Gold Hill on the line from Nenana was .21 MW-sec. This is well within the arrester's capabilities. Case 206 A three-phase-to-ground fault was applied on the Healy 138 kV bus. The line end breakers opened in approximately five cycles. No significant duty was found for either the SVS TCR arresters or 138 kV Intertie arresters. Cs Line Energizing The energizing cases are performed with a model breaker whose closing angles are computer controlled to fall within the proper closing span of 8.33 milliseconds in a statistical manner. When an open line is being energized, a distribution of the overvoltages at the end of that line is recorded, assuming that no line arresters are present. For the highest overvoltage event, a model arrester is placed at the line end and its energy requirements are investigated. In all cases but number 37, the duty on the 138 kV line arresters was found to be light. In those cases where the Healy static VAR system is energized together with the transmission line, the energy in the Healy TCR arresters was monitored for the maximum event. The results from all the energizing cases are summarized in Table 3 where the system conditions, overvoltages, and arrester energies are listed. -10- Cases 27 and 34 - Energizing from Gold Hill to Healy In these cases the energization of the 138 kV line from Gold Hill to Healy is investigated with and without the 138 kV line between Gold Hill and Ft. Wainwright in service. The result of 300 energization events shows that_the maximum voltage at the Healy end of the line reaches per unit without the line arrester. When the line arrester is placed in service, its duty is found to be light. The voltage at the 13.8 kV bus at Gold Hill remains below 1.1 per unit during this energizing event. Case 35 - Energizing from Healy to Gold Hill The maximum transient overvoltage at the Gold Hill end of the line is (1.87) per unit without the , line arrester. Comparison with line arrester duty in case #7 indicates that its duty in the present case is light. The voltage at the TCR remains below 1.1 per unit at both Teeland and Healy for this operation, and the TCR arresters are not called on to conduct. Cases 36, 37, and 38 - Energizing Healy to Douglas In case 38 the Healy static VAR and transformer are not connected when the line to Douglas is being energized. The maximum line-end transient overvoltage without arresters is 2.76 per unit. When a zinc-oxide line-end arrester is applied, it is subject to an energy of 0.05 MW sec. and a continuous power dissipation due to the high temporary overvoltages equal to 1.39 per unit. A 108 kV Tranquell arrester could withstand such an overvoltage for approximately 12 minutes. Because of the high’ power frequency overvoltage that results, this line switching situation is not recommended. -ll- In Case 37 the Healy generator was also off, but the Healy SVS (including TCR, filters and transformer) was energized with the line. The SVS operates to reduce the sustained overvoltage following line energizing from the 1.39pu of Case 38 to an average value of 1.13pu. In some instances, the Healy TCR does not achieve full conduction for a number of cycles after it is energized. The TCR arrester energy was maximized at Healy, and the line end arrester energy was maximized at Douglas. The results for the worst duty on the TCR arrester indicate that a minimum of 6 arrester columns are needed per phase. The duty on the line arrester is acceptable if it is of the metal-oxide construction. As may be seen in oscillograms 27 through 29, the line arresters are subject to multiple operations which commonly appear when a line and transformer are switched as a unit. If this type of switching operation is intended for the system, any silicon-carbide arresters on the Healy to Douglas 138 kV system should be replaced with metal-oxide 2S eee eee types. In Case 36, the Healy SVS was also switched with the line but the Healy generator was in service and as a result, z oe Se the transient activity waS somewhat reduced. It was found that the line end arrester is subject to only light duty as shown on oscillogram 18, while the TCR arresters are subject to energy and current that would require a minimum of 2 columns of zinc-oxide. Comment on TNA Procedures: In cases where a line or capacitor and a transformer are being switched as a unit, the TNA results can be non-repeatable because of unpredictable residual flux levels in the iron of the transformer. This phenomenon can also be observed in digital simulations when the system differential equations Sl2= exhibit strange attractors (1). On the TNA it is therefore sometimes difficult to capture the precise waveform that the random distribution found to be the maximum. In some instances three events corresponding to the same closing angles were taken to indicate the lack of repeatability. In any event, the maximum energy found in the distribution is taken to be a measure of the arrester duty. Cases 39 and 40 - Energization of Healy SVS In case 39 the Healy transformer and the SVS are energized with the Svs_ in a standby condition. The line to Teeland is still open at Douglas. The temporary overvoltage at Cantwell before energization of the SVS is high at 1.33 per unit. The results of the case indicate that the energy dissipation in the TCR arresters can reach a high of .66 MW sec. This is an unacceptable level and is the consequence of many iewkes sperstions et |oexcenk levels of 2 kA or more. On the basis of this case it is not recommended that —_— geesetceraely the SVS be energized in this manner. Case 40 shows the energization of the Healy SVC transformer and TCR's while the filter bank is off. The maximum arrester energies are now acceptable. However, the voltage waveforms on the 138 kv system are distorted because of the filter's absence. Cases 42 and 43 - Energization of Healy from Douglas Case 43 shows that the energization of the line from Douglas to Healy by itself presents no particular switching problem. The arrester duties on both the 138 kV and 13.8 kv systems are light. The energization of the line between Douglas and Healy, when the Healy SVS is connected and on standby, again leads ~13- to very high energy requirements for the TCR arrester. In case 42 this energy is shown to be due to multiple operations of the arrester. Oscillogram 11 and records l, 2, and 3 also show that the Healy SVC has some delay (approximately 7 cycles) before it begins to fire on a regular basis. It appears that the arrester operates during this period because of the high voltages present on the 12 kV bus. The maximum TCR arrester energy found in case 42 is -22 MW sec. As mentioned earlier, the TNA simulation of these switching transients is not repeatable because of the transformer non-linearities and flux behavior. In such cases several oscillograms of nominally identical events are taken in an attempt to capture a record of the waveforms depicting the worst transient found by the Monte Carlo method. Case 44 - Energization from Douglas to Teeland The energization of the 26 mile line between Douglas and Teeland yields a maximum transient overvoltage of 1.53 per unit and no significant arrester duties. Cases 45 and 46 - Energizing from Teeland to Douglas These cases investigate the energization of the 138 kV line from Teeland to Douglas. Since this line is only 26 miles long, no severe transients are observed. The duty on the line arresters is found to be light and the voltages at the Teeland TCR indicate that the TCR arresters would not operate. In case 46 the Teeland SVS is out of service and the transient overvoltage at Douglas is lower than before. =14- Case 50 - Energization of the Cantwell to Watana Line The maximum transient overvoltage at Watana is 1.57 per unit when this 138 kv line is energized from Cantwell. There are no arrester operations. Case 51 - Energization into SLGF at Nenana from Gold Hill The maximum transient overvoltage at the Healy end of the line from Gold Hill is 2.26 per unit when an A phase to ground fault at Nenana is energized from Gold Hill. When the line end arrester is applied for this transient, its duty is found to be light as may be seen from oscillogram 7. Case 52 - Energization into SLGF on Douglas to Healy Line In this case, the Douglas-Healy line is energized from Douglas with a permanent single line to ground fault on the Douglas end. The Healy transformer and SVS are connected to the line. Under these conditions the maximum TCR arrester energy is .120 MW sec., again with multiple operations but moderate currents below 1.3 kA. The voltage transients show the typical envelope behavior associated with the energization of a line and transformer as a unit. Reference: (1) R. Sugarman & Pall Wallich, "The Limits to Simulation", IEEE Spectrum, April 1983, pp. 36-41. =5= APPENDIX A Index to Cases Test Result Sheets Table 1. Load Rejection Maximum Post-Disconnect SVS Maximum Arrester Duties Operating Open 60 HZ Voltages Out of Line Arresters TCR Arresters Case Load Flow Breaker _Breakers Location Per Unit Service Location MW-Sec Location MW-Sec Remarks 300 70 MW + Fairbanks Q F,L,K,R Gold Hil] End of 1.09 None 138 kV low Healy -02 Line from Nenana 301 70 MW + Fairbanks 8 F,L,K,R Teeland End of Line 1.15 None 138 kV Low Teeland/ low Healy 302 70 MW + Fairbanks A F,L,K,R 5 1.06 None 138 kV Low Teeland .04 303 70 MW + Anchorage A F,L,R 3,4 1.08 None 138 kV Low Teeland .04 Healy generator on 304 70 MW + Anchorage A Fels K RV 4 1.11 Gold Hi11 138 kV Low Teeland .08 305 70 MW + Anchorage B F,L,K,R, 4 1.15 None Teeland End of Line .03 Healy -03 306 0 MW + Anchorage 8 F,L,d 4 1.14 None 138 kV Low Healy Low Healy generator on 307 70 MW + Anchorage B R,K,L 4 1.24 None 138 kV Low Healy .07 Cantwell-watana Line in service 308 70 MW + Fairbanks Q RK LET 7 1.09 Teeland 138 kV low Healy -05 Table 2. Fault Initiation and Clearing Fault Case Type Fault Location Load Flow AG-G Gold Hill 138 kV Bus 70 MW to Fairbanks A@-G Healy End of Line from Gold Hil] 70 MW to Fairbanks AG-G Healy 138 kV Bus 70 MW to Fairbanks A@-G Douglas End of Line from Healy 70 MW to Fairbanks A@-G Teeland End of Line from Douglas 70 MW to Fairbanks 30-G Gold Hill 138 kV Bus 70 MW to Fairbanks 30-G Healy 138 kV Bus 70 MW to Fairbanks Cantwell-Watana 138 kV line out of service. Healy generator and substation transformer out of service. Gold Hill-Ft. Wainwright line out of service. Opening Open * Q,2 F,K,L,R J,Q F,K,L,R I,J Fake LGR 0,1 FeKelsk B,D F,K;ER Q,Z F,KL.R I,J F,K,L,R Significant Arrester Duties Line Arresters Breakers Breakers Location MW-Sec Location MW-Sec kA Gold Hill Low Low Low Low Low -21 Low TCR Arresters Healy Healy Healy Healy Healy +42 31 -18 -05 Low Low 4.1 3.5 2.5 -18 2.1 Remarks Table 3. Summary of Energizing Cases Maximum Transient Voltage Significant Arrester Duties Operating Open Per Line Arresters TCR Arresters Case From To Breaker _Breakers Location Unit Location Wi-Sec Location MW-Sec Remarks 27. =Gold Hil) 138 kV Healy 138 kV Q JiR , Healy End of Line 2.22 Healy End of Line Low -—- -- 34 Gold Hil) 138 kV Healy 138 kV Q J Healy End of Line 2.39 Healy End of Line .01 _- -- 35 Healy 138 kV Gold Hi11 138 kV J F,L,K,Q Gold Hil] End of Line 1.87 Gold Hill End of Line Low 11,12 0 36 «Healy 138 kV Douglas 138 kV I DFU Douglas End of Line 1.9* Douglas End of Line .03 12 -03 Two column min. at 12 37. Healy 138 kV Douglas 138 kV I 0,F,L,K,R Douglas End of Line 1.9* Douglas End of Line .70 12 .260 Six column min. at 12 38 Healy 138 kV Douglas 138 kV I 0,F,L,K,0,R Douglas End of Line 2.76 Douglas End of Line .07 ** -- - ole TOV - Okay for 39° Healy 138 kV Healy SVS 0 0,F,L,K,R 12 +660 ~ 18 col. TCR arrester required 40 Healy 138 kV Healy SVS 0 0,F,L,K,R,X Douglas End of Line Low 12 -080 42 Douglas 138 kV Healy 138 kV D LF Healy End of Line Low 12 .220 8 columns required for TCR arrester 43° Douglas 138 kv Healy 138 kV 0 1,0 Healy End of Line 2.20 Healy End of Line -03 VN Low Healy SVS out of service 44 Douglas 138 kV Teeland 138 kV c B,L,K,F,R Teeland End of Line 1.53 Teeland End of Line 0 12 0 45 Teeland 138 kV Douglas 138 kV 8 c Douglas End of Line 1.92 Douglas End of Line Low nN 0 46 Teeland 138 kV Douglas 138 kV 8 C.T Douglas End of Line 1.73 Douglas End of Line 0 - -- —— SVS out of 50 Cantwell 138 kV Watana 138 kV F K,L,R Watana 1.57 138 kV 0 12 0 51 Gold Hil] 138 kV Healy 138 kV Q I,R Healy End of Line 2.26 Healy Low -- - en fault at 52 Healy 138 kV DoGgias 138 kV 0 T,R,F,KL Healy Low 12 -120 A® - Ground fault at Dovglas Healy Douglas end of line 1 *Transient as limited by arresters. ase kv Teelend Teelnnd fr. Gore mins Welowright asew 130 bv Figure A-l. System Diagram for 138kV Intertie between Anchorage and Fairbanks APPENDIX B Description and Explanation of Test Result Sheets APPENDIX B Description and Explanation of Test Result Sheets There are two or more pages for each case investigated. The first page shows the circuit diagram for that portion of the system studied. Circuit breakers and switches are indicated by lettered squares; system locations which were monitored are identified by numbered circles. The system operation is defined and the results are summarized therein. The second page tabulates the system voltages recorded for the various system conditions as identified in the table headings. They include both the temporary pre-switch and post-switch voltages. The succeeding pages display the statistical distribution curves of the transient voltages and/or the oscillograms of the voltage, current and/or energy waveforms taken during the test. The following is a description of the various lines and column headings in the order of their occurrence. FIRST PAGE - UPPER HALF DIAGRAM - The upper half shows a one-line diagram for that portion of the system being investigated. FIRST PAGE - LOWER LEFT QUARTER CASE NO. - The number of each case appears in this space. OPERATION Pre-Switch Post-Switch Sustained Fault Energizing Energizing into a Fault De-Energizing The following nomenclature is used. The voltages on the system before the circuit breaker operates, and no fault on the systen. The voltages on the _ system after the circuit breaker operates and after all transients have subsided. The voltages on the system with the operating circuit breaker closed and with a fault on the system; all transients have subsided. Energization of a portion of the system; no trapped charge present. Energizing a portion of the system with a bolted = fault present; no trapped charge exists on the systen. Investigation of transients incurred when switching off (isolating) a portion of the system without current-chopping by the oeprating circuit breaker. Load Rejection Restrike Fault Initiation Fault Clearing Fault Initiation and Clearing FROM TO With a specified load flow all three poles of the line breaker are opened. The interruption of load flow of this investigation does not include any reaction due to machine overspeed and/or any excitation system response. A single or multiple phase restrike across the opening contacts of the breaker during a de-energizing operation. Investigation of the transients when a fault occurs. Three phase de-energization of a portion of the system suffering from a fault. A fault is initiated and subse- quently de-energized by opening of the appropriate circuit breakers. Station bus at which the switching is performed. Location of the remote (receiving) end of the line, cable, transformer or other terminal apparatus being switched. DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM CONTINGENCIES Comments describing the system will appear here. Comments describing system contingencies or other pertinent information will appear here. FIRST PAGE - LOWER RIGHT QUARTER OPERATING BREAKER OPEN BREAKERS The parameters of the listed as follows: CLOSING RESISTOR, OPENING RESISTOR INSERTION TIME MAXIMUM CLOSING SPAN, OPENING SPAN The location of the circuit breaker or switch performing the switching operation. Indicates the location of open breakers and switches. operating breaker or switch are then The ohmic value of the resistor inserted in the closing or opening sequence. Minimum time that the resistor is inserted. Maximum possible pole misalign- ment during the closing or opening operation. RESULTS - The magnitude of the highest voltage observed during this particular investigation is recorded here. The existing and applicable arrester ratings, types and constructions at the indicated locations are specified herein. CONCLUSIONS - Any other pertinent information or conclusions appear here. SUBSEQUENT PAGES The following pages may display the tabulated system voltages for various system conditions, the statistical distribution curves of the transient voltages, and the oscillograms of the voltage, current and energy waveforms pertaining as required by the specific case. APPENDIX C Surge Arrester Types and Protective Characteristics The three types of surge arresters considered in a TNA study are: Type 1. General Electric Alugard (R) I Arrester or Equivalent L 312 kV and below (Model 9L11L) a. The arresters can sustain 1.10 x rating for 10 cycles. b. The voltage impressed on the arrester must not exceed rating for more than 20 cycles. Zc 336 through 444 kV (Model 9L16A) a. The arrester can sustain: 1.3 x rating for 5 cycles, or 1.25 x rating for 10 cycles. b. The voltage should drop to 1.1 x rating within 20 cycles. Type 1 arresters are essentially obsolete and the manufacturer should be consulted for more specific capabilities. Type 2. General Electric Alugard (R) II Arrester or Equivalent All ratings (Model 9L11M or 9L16B) can sustain: a. One-half cycle at 2.0 x rating followed by an envelope of 1.3 x rating of 10 cycles, followed by 1.2 x rating for the next 10 cycles and 1.15 x rating for the next 40 cycles (1 second total on a 60 Hz basis). b. Two one-half cycles at 1.6 x rating followed by an envelope of 1.25 x rating at 10 cycles, 1.2 x rating for the next 10 cycles and 1.15 x rating for the next 40 cycles (1 second total on a 60 Hz basis). Type 3. General Electric Trangquell (R) or Equivalent This type of arrester is constructed from disks of metal-oxide which act as a highly nonlinear resistor to limit the overvoltages at locations to be protected. The arrester may be gapless or be equipped with either a series or shunt gap. The manufacturer of the arrester should be consulted for specific application rules regarding gapped arresters. In general, metal-oxide arresters have a maximum continuous operating voltage (MCOV) which corresponds to the maximum RMS voltage that may be impressed on the arrester continuously. This type of arrester can be damaged if the temperature of the metal-oxide is changed too rapidly or exceeds approximately 180 degrees Celsius. Since the temperature is directly related to the energy dissipated by the arrester, application rules are generally given in terms of a normalized energy density such as MW sec/kV of rating. The energy densities associated with standard Tranquell station class arresters are given in Table C-l. In addition, applicability of such arresters in temporary overvoltage situations is given by voltage-time curves which may be obtained from the manufacturer. Table C-1 Table of Tranquell Arrester Energy Absorption Capability Arrester Maximum Energy Ratings (kV) Capability (MW _sec/kV) 2.7-48 -004 54-360 -0072 396-588 -0132 The design of gapless metal-oxide arresters is very flexible in that matched multiple columns may be applied in situations where the dissipated energy is very high. In certain circumstances they may also be operated above MCOV if special cooling can be provided. Arrester Protective Characteristics The protective characteristics of series gapped, Silicon-carbide arresters are given in the test and application guides published by the American National Standards Institute. The standards suitable for arrester application are ANSI C62.1-1981 and ANSI C62.2-1981. The protective characteristics of metal-oxide arresters have not been tabulated in the ANSI standards. The manufacturer of these arresters should be consulted for such characteristics as are given in Table C-2 for General Electric Tranquell station class arresters. STATION SURGE ARRESTERS A New Concept in Overvoltage Protection Table C-2 | TRANQUELL ARRESTER CHARACTERISTICS a) (2) (3) (4) (5) MAXIMUM MAXIMUM MAXIMUM CONTINUOUS EQUIVALENT MAXIMUM DISCHARGE VOLTAGE (kV CREST) SWITCHING VOLTAGE FRONT-OF-WAVE AT INDICATED IMPULSE CURRENT USING SURGE ARRESTER | CAPABILITY PROTECTIVE AN 8 x 20 MICROSECOND CURRENT WAVE PROTECTIVE RATING (L-N) LEVEL = LEVEL kV RMS kV RMS kV CREST 1.5kA |3.0kA |5kA |10kA |15kA |20kA [40kA | kV CREST a7 2.20 8.1 6.1 6.4 6.7 7.3 79 85 10.3 5.6 3.0 2.54 9.3 69 7.3 77 8.3 8.0 9.7 W7 6.4 45 3.70 13.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.9 12.8 13.8 16.4 9.2 5.1 4.20 15.2 11.3 11.9 12.5 13.4 145 15.5 18.4 10.4 6.0 5.08 18.4 13.6 14.4 15.0 16.1 17.4 18.6 22.0 12.6 75 6.10 22.1 16.4 17.2 18.0 19.3] 20.9 22.4) 26.5 15.1 8.5 6.90 25.0 18.5 19.5 20.4 21.8) 23.6) 25.2] 29.7 17.0 9.0 7.62 27.6 20.4 215) 225] 240) 260) 27.7 32.7 18.8 10 8.47 30.6 22.7 23.9) 249) 267) 288] 30.7) 36.1 20.9 12 10.16 36.7 27.2 28.6) 29.9 32.0| 345] 369) 434 25.0 15 12.70 45.9 34.0] 35.7 37.3) 39.9| 43.0] 45.9] 539 31.3 18 15.24 55.1 40.7 428) 44.7) 47.8) 515) 549 64.4 375 21 171 61.8 45.7 48.0) 50.2) 53.6| 57.8) 616) 72.1 42.1 24 19.5 70.5 52.1 54.8] 57.2) 61.2] 65.9) 703] 82.4 48.0 27: 21.9 79.1 58.5) 615 64.3) 68.6) 74.0 78.9} 92.3 53.9 30 24.4 88.2 65.2 685] 71.5) 76.4) 82.3) 87.7] 102.5 60.1 36 29.3 106 78.2 82.3) 85.9] 91.7] 98.7] 105 123 721 39 31.7 115 84.6) 89.0) 929) 99.2} 107 14 133 78.0 45 36.5 132 97.4] 103 107 14 123 131 153 89.8 48 38.9 141 103.8 | 109 114 122 131 139 163 95.7 54 43.7 142 105 110 115 122 129 135 157 106 60 48.6 158 W17 123 128 136 144 150 174 118 66 53.5 174 128 135 141 150 158 166 192 130 72 58.3 189 140 147 153 163 172 180 209 142 90 729 237 175 184 192 204 215 225 261 177 96 778 253 187 196 204 218 230 241 279 189 108 875 284 210 220 230 245 258 271 313 213 120 97.2 315 233 245 255 272 287 300 348 236 132 105 v7 256 269 281 299 316 331 383 260 144 110 380 280 295 307 327 345 362 419 284 168 119 441 326 342 357 380 401 420 487 331 172 139 451 333 350 365 389 410 430 498 338 180 146 474 350 368 383 408 431 451 523 355 192 152 506 374 393 410 436 460 482 558 379 228 164 600 443 466 486 517 545 572 662 449 240 171 629 465 488 509 542 572 599 694 471 258 209 678 500 526 549 584 616 646 748 508 264 214 694 512 539 562 598 631 661 766 520 276 224 726 536 564 588 626 660 692 801 544 288 228 756 558 586 612 651 687 720 834 566 294 232 772 570 599 625 665 702 735 852 578 300 234 788 582 611 638 679 716 751 869 590 312 236 820 606 637 664 707 746 782 905 615 300(S)* 243 788 582 611 638 679 716 751 869 590 312(S)* 253 820 606 637 664 707 746 782 905 615 336 265 882 651 684 714 760 802 840 973 661 360 275 947 699 735 766 B16 861 902 | 1045 709 396 321 1078 782 | 818 | g49 | 897 | 930 | 955 | 1056 779 +420 340 1142 829 | 867 | e899 | 950 | 985 {1012 |4118 825 444 350 1209 877 | 917 | 952 |1006 | 1043 | 1071 | 1184 874 588 476 1645 1161 [1215 1261 | 1330 [1380 | 1418 | 1567 1197 model numbers. *300 and 312 kV ratings for 400 kV system application designated by 9L11PHS. or 9L1TRHS_ C-4 APPENDIX D System Parameters Equivalent Source Impedances Transmission Lines Transformer Parameters Thyristor Controlled Reactors Filters Arresters Loads Breakers svc D-1 1. Equivalent Source Impedances A. These impedances are in percent on a 100 MVA base. B. Gold Hill The equivalent source impedances for maximum and minimum generation at Gold Hill are given in Figures D-1 and D-2. Generation at Healy 29.4 MVA 13.8 kv ' x x q a 0.215 p.u. 0.146 p.u. Per unit on above bases at rated voltage. c. Equivalent Impedance at Pt. percent x xX 1 0 on 100 MVA. " " 5.583% 2.956% MacKenzie 230 kv in } | 1 £ b Minimum Generation Condition Ft. Wainwright Z, = 1.1+56.56 138 kv } 7 ; | 1 i i | 1 Z. = 5.87+321.07 To Healy 2 = 4.69+517.88 =16.37+379. Gold Hill Z, 16-3743 1 138 kv 39.19 69 kv Z, = 326.43 —— Zz = 5 -694+512.26 13.8 kV 9 78.62+559.7972, = 0.694512 0 Figure D-1 D=3 Maximum Generation Condition : Ft. Wainwright 2, = 1.1+56.56 138 kv Z = 5.87+j21.07 To Healy 5 .67+320.43 Gold Hill 138 kv at Gard Z) =17-57+j84.1 Z, -6+331.38 (2, = 515.65 Z, =8+354.4 7 = 0.71+512.06 a anv ennenecinits hatatatatnadbesivenaniinnemnanaitiin tts ee Semen pete es os w w ° ° { x < foo} ee a v Figure D-2 > A Pie neonerapneneerane oe D-4 2. Transmission Lines The 138 kV transmission lines between Teeland and Gold Hill were modeled as non-transposed with parameters computed from the construction data given in Figure D-3 and the accompanying dimensions. The remaining lines, including Cantwell-Watana, were modeled as transposed. 9-a Overhead Transmission Line Data . Voltage Length ee 7 ears Line/Cable (kV) (Miles) 1 oO 1 oO 1. Pt. MacKenzie-Teeland 230 26.0 .120 0.398 2.072 6.717 2. Teeland-Willow 138 26.0 .170 0.448 2.110 6.808 3. Willow-Healy* 138/345 170.0 .052 0.521 1.658 5.278 4. Healy-Nenana 138 56.0 .172 0.766 2.108 5.686 Nenana-Gold Hill 138 47.0 .172 0.766 2.108 5.686 6. Gold Hill-Ft. Wainright 138 17.0 .123 0.657 1.950 6.260 7. Cantwell-Watana 138 60.0 .123 0.657 1.950 6.260 Intertie designed for 345 kV but initially operated at 138 kv. nH/Mile c, Cy 14.577 8.946 14.282 8.723 18.364 12.779 14.343 9.876 14.343 9.876 15.700 9.270 15.700 9.270 ‘L.7-0" 40' To 8s’ IN S-O INCREMENTS DRAWN DOL M_ CHECKED __. MUSCATINE. IOWA Sea SPANLEY ENGINEERING COMPANY CHICAGO, WUINDIS Figure D-3 Healy-Gold Hill 138 kV Line REVISIONS Date jowNl ape [oate 4-127 G4 Comsutting Eagureres SG ASHINGTON. BC. SCALE NONE GOLDEN VALLEY ELECTRIC ASSN. ° TY-!0 NO. REV. FAIRBANKS, ALASKA ASSEMBLY GUIDE 3859-X35 e 138 kV Tangent Tower Shield Wire - 7 #9 Alumoweld Single Conductor - 556.5 kcmil 26/7 ACSR dove Average Span - 1200 ' Average Height to Conductor at Tower - 63' Clearance to Ground - 28' @ 60°F Line Data for Douglas-Healy Line (345 kv Construction) Height of Conductor at Tower - 75! Conductor Sag - 45' Height of Shield Wire at Tower - 101' Conductor Sag - 31.5' Phase Conductors - Twin Bundle 954 kcemil, 45/7 ACSR rail @ 18" separation Shield Wire - 3/8", 7 strand, EHS steel Phase Separation - 31.5' Shield Wire Separation - 49.5' D-8 6-d 3. Transformer Parameters Transformer Voltages Type of > ESE 2. kL ke ke Ferceat on Transformer MvA Base tbe taiot Location kV Connection MVA HL HT “LT “ACH ‘ACL “ACT (Percent) Gold Hill 138/69/13.8 YYA 100 13.05 23.43 8.0 41.0 28.0 20.0 120 Healy 138/12 Y A 20 7.5 37* 22% 130* Teeland 230/138/13.8 YYA 100 17.67 28.53 9.07 47 29 16 137 Healy GSU 138/13.2 TZ 4 30 11.4 11.4* 117* Healy Sub. 138/24.9 A y 20 12.5 15* 125* * Assumed values. 5. Xo A. SVS Filters and xX. L Gold Hill (2 filters) Harmonic MVAR Healy (2 filters) Harmonic MVAR Xo Xy, Teeland (3 filters) Harmonic MVAR X x Cc L D-10 values represent 60 Hz ohms. 10 19.84 0.794 16.67 0.667 -24.80 0.992 7 23 -8 0 1 -1 7 q =27.77 0.567 245 -173 7 3 1.31 0.231 2} q -27.43 0.227 EE Station Bauipment Gold Hill Gold Hill Gold Hill Gold Hill Healy Healy Healy Douglas Douglas Douglas Teeland Teeland Teeland Teeland Teeland Healy Healy Healy Healy Line 138/69 Trf. 138/69 Trf. 138/69 Trf. Gold Hill Line ‘Gen. Step-Up Douglas Line Healy Line Teeland Line Transformer Douglas Line 250/138 TRE: 250/138 Trt. 250/158) TEE; Thyristors Thyristors Transformer Transformer 6. Alaska Tieline Surge Arresters Location Line Entrance HV LV TV Line Entrance HV Line Entrance Line Entrance Line Entrance HV Line Entrance HV LV TV SVC, Line to Line SVC, Line to Line LV, L-N HV W SMX W SMX W SMX Assume Same as OoB VS OB VI OB VI W SMX 0B VI Wo OSMX Wo SMX wo SMX GE Tranquell GE Tranquell GE Tranquell GE Tranquell Conventional 121 Metal Oxide 120 Metal Oxide 60 Metal Oxide LS Conventional 121 Line Entrance Metal Oxide 98 Metal Oxide 98 Metal Oxide 98 Metal Oxide 132 Metal Oxide 98 Metal Oxide 180 Metal Oxide 120 Metal Oxide 15 Metal Oxide 15; Metal Oxide Sts Metal Oxide 15 Metal Oxide 108 Mégr. Type Design Rating Coiumns kV kV kV kV kV KCOV MCOV MCOV kV MCOV kV kV kV 0 kV 0 kV kV kV 7. Loads Teeland 230 kv 23 MW + 2 MVAR or 58 MV + 10 MVAR or none Load Flows Considered ) 70 MW Anchorage to Fairbanks 70 MW Fairbanks to Anchorage D-12 8. Breakers - 138 kV System No Resistor Pre-Insertion Closing Span = 8.33 ms D-13 9. SVC each unit Gain = 20 Time Constant = 150 ms Control Range Location MVAR_ Range Teeland -22 to 20 Healy -33 to 22 Gold Hill -5 to 33 D-14 APPENDIX E Description and Application of the Transient Network Analyzer APPENDIX E Description and Application of the Transient Network Analyzer (TNA) and the Data Acquisition System (DAS) General Objectives of a TNA Study I. II. Ill. Iv. To predict and describe the nature of transient and harmonic overvoltages which can occur for any realistic switching operation. To seek out any abnormal duties imposed upon equipment by such switching operations. To devise solutions within the capabilities of equipment by: A. Exploring the influence of various system or apparatus design alternates. B. Establishing acceptable operating procedures. To provide this information in a form suitable for use in: A. Establishing the insulation requirements of transmission lines. B. Establishing the data for insulation coordination; e.g.. BIL, SIL. Typical System Phenomena Which Can be Investigated on the TNA I. The occurrence and magnitude of system overvoltages have a direct bearing on the electrical design of a transmission system. A few of the more important causes of overvoltages, the magnitude and severity of which can be established by a TNA study are: A. Transient overvoltages caused by: Le Normal energization of uncharged transmission lines with or without connected transformers. Transient voltages will be produced in each phase as it is energized and by coupling as the other phases are energized. The zero sequence impedance may be a predominant factor governing the transient overvoltages occurring during the energization of a transformer terminated line. In cases of arrester protected cables and cable terminals, energization transient causing surge arrester operation may produce severe current discharges through the surge arrester. On many systems, the thermal limit of the surge arrester may be a critical factor in the system design. Energization of particular line/transformer combinations may also cause overvoltages lasting many cycles due to the nonlinear characteristics of the transformers. Harmonics generated by the magnetizing characteristics of the transformers interact with the parameters of the system (line capacitance and system inductances) and cause in-rush and nonlinear oscillations. In some instances, these oscillations may be sustained. Since these types of transient overvoltages persist for a relatively long time duration, they may impose overly severe duties on the surge arrester; hence, they are important factors in the specification of terminal equipment such as transformers. Operations which may lead to such nonlinear oscillations are: E-2 a. Energization of an autotransformer and a high voltage transmission line from the circuit breaker on the low voltage side of the step-up transformer, and b. Energization of a high voltage transmission line which is terminated with a transformer. High speed reclosing of a high voltage circuit breaker onto a transmission line which has retained a charge from a previous de-energizing operation by circuit breakers at each end of the line. If inductive shunt devices such as transformers, shunt reactors, or potential transformers are connected to the transmission line, the trapped charge will either be completely dissipated during the interval that the circuit breakers are open, or an oscillating charge of less than one per unit will exist at the time of reclosure. In general, therefore, the most severe transient overvoltages imposed on line insulation will occur when an open-ended line is reclosed. Restriking across the opening contacts of a circuit breaker during a de-energizing operation. Since restriking is similar to reclosing, restriking will cause transient overvoltages in the same order of magnitude as reclosing. Most modern oilless circuit breakers for transmission lines are designed so that they will not produce severe overvoltages if a restrike occurs. The sudden disconnection of a generating station and its associated lines, cables, and/or transformers from the rest of the system (load), causing the terminal voltage to rise abruptly. Also, the machine speed and voltage will undergo transient variations, the magnitude and duration of which are functions of various parameters, such as number of machines and _ loading, line and/or’ cable remaining connected, excitation system performance, and transformer saturation. The resulting temporary overvoltages must be maintained below surge arrester reseal. Switching capacitive kVA (capacitive banks or cable) causing magnification in some remote part of the connected low voltage system. B. Temporary overvoltages caused by: li. A transmission line or cable remaining energized by a generating station or through a transformer, resulting in: a. Voltage rise along the line or cable (Farranti effect). b. Voltage rise through the source reactance. II. The TNA can also be used to study the effects of in-rush current characteristics when energizing lines and transformers. III. In general, these transients or dynamic overvoltages can be modified by various means. The TNA can be used IV. to study the effectiveness of the following means of modifying overvoltages: A. Surge arresters. B. Shunt reactors. C. Intermediate switching stations. D. Transfer trip relay schemes. E. Transformer tertiary design. F. Circuit breaker design - that is, resistor pre-insertion schemes and control of relative pole closing span. G. Static var systems. Results of TNA studies can form the basis for defining: A. Switching arrangements (high side vs. low side switching). B. Ratings and locations of arresters. C. Apparatus BIL requirements. D. Size and location of reactors. E. Advisability of furnishing tertiaries on terminal transformers. F. Approximate statistical switching surge data for transmission tower electrical design studies. G. Relay settings from standpoint of in-rush currents. General Classifications of Overvoltages I. Transient Overvoltages Depending upon system parameters, the point upon the source sine wave at which the operating circuit breaker operates and the relative position and sequence of operation of the individual poles of the operating circuit breaker, the transient voltages that might be encountered at a particular location due to a system switching operation can, in general, be classified according to wave shapes as defined below: A. Maximum Transient The transient voltage wave with the _ highest possible transient voltage crest after circuit breaker operation is referred to as the Maximum Transient. B. Maximum Surge Arrester Transient he Silicon-Carbide, Series Gap Arresters This type of transient voltage is characterized by the first or second voltage crest after circuit breaker operation being sufficiently high (but not necessarily the maximum value possible) that it might cause an operation of the surge arrester being considered for the location being investigated and one or more successive voltage crests above the reseal rating of the arrester before the arrester operates. If any subsequent transient voltage crests (after modification by the operation of the arrester) are above the reseal rating of the arrester, the arrester probably will be subject to multiple operations and _ possible failure. 2. Metal-Oxide Arresters The maximum surge arrester transient is characterized by the highest energy dissipation in the arrester. II. Temporary Overvoltages In addition to the transient overvoltages described above, systems may also be subject to longer term E-6 overvoltages caused by faults on the system or by load rejection. System Representation The system to be studied is represented in miniature on the Transient Network Analyzer (TNA). The TNA is a three-phase analog device used for real time simulation of the power system. Power for the model is supplied from a three-phase low impedance sine wave generator, which appears as an infinite bus to the miniature system. System equivalents are represented by equivalent linear reactances connected to an infinite bus, in the positive, negative, and zero sequence systems. Nonlinear, low loss shunt or tertiary reactors are modeled with an electronic circuit which exhibits the correct terminal behavior. The inductance below and above saturation, the level of saturation, and the quality factor (Q) of these model reactors can be set to desired values. Transmission lines and cables under study are represented by three-phase, L-section equivalents composed of series resistance and inductance, and shunt capacitors connected to simulate positive and zero sequence susceptance of the line. At least five sections connected in tandem are used in the representation of each line or cable under consideration in order to maintain an accurate traveling wave model. Proper impedance base changes are introduced to match the TNA model line section parameters to those of the actual transmission lines or cables being studied. For those parts of the system wherein the effect of zero sequence mutual induction between parallel lines is to be investigated, the electromagnetic and electrostatic coupling is included in the model representation as required by the objectives of the study. E-7 Transfer impedance between buses of the underlying system are represented where they are considered significant. Power transformers are represented by model multiple winding transformers, such that the Magnetizing characteristics (both positive and zero sequence) are rigorously represented, as are all other’ transformer impedances. The circuit breakers are represented by an electronic switch capable of separate and accurate angular adjustment on both the opening and closing contacts between phases and with respect to the driving voltage sine wave. The opening contacts are adjusted to open on successive current-zeros, just as on an actual circuit breaker. The opening and the closing contacts of the switch are so arranged that resistor pre-insertion is accurately modeled (both resistor magnitude and pre-insertion time). The surge arrester is modeled completely electronically with Zener diodes, thyristors, and high quality operational amplifiers. Sparkover is controlled by an _ adjustable comparator circuit which fires a thyristor to start the arrester conduction period. A current-limiting gap arc voltage of adjustable waveform duration can be easily modeled when necessary. The nonlinear volt-ampere characteristic of arresters is simulated with resistors and zener diodes to give a ten segment piecewise linear approximation of the actual arrester. The arrester model ceases conduction when the current reaches the thyristor holding value, which is essentially zero compared with the currents encountered in the simulation. The arrester model has an "off" impedance of 20 megohms, which is lower than actual arresters, but this value does not cause any significant draining of charge from the transmission system. Oscilloscope probes are used to directly monitor the voltages at various points around the system. E-8 Copies of all the waveforms are obtained using the TNA-PRIME Computer Data Acquisition System. Study Procedures I. Manual Control of Circuit Breaker Operation For energizing, reclosing, or restriking investigations, the position of the individual closing contacts of the three phases of the switch representing the operating circuit breaker are varied and adjusted both with respect to the driving voltage sine wave and with respect to each other, within circuit breaker operating criteria of maximum allowable span between poles, to produce the most severe transient voltages for each system configuration and switching operation studied. For investigations of overvoltages following circuit breaker opening operations, the model system is first energized, and then, after all energizing transients have subsided, the contacts of the TNA switch are adjusted to open on successive current zeros, just as on an actual circuit breaker. TNA Model Surge Arrester is applied whenever it is believed that its operation would influence the transient conditions. For arresters with current limiting gaps, the model is sparked over at some point between reseal rating and maximum guaranteed sparkover voltage of the arrester to give maximum magnitude to successive voltage crests in the modified transients voltage wave. Arrester discharge currents and the modified transients are observed and recorded. For the analysis of metal-oxide arresters, the voltage, the current, and the dissipated energy are recorded. Such records are examined to determine the minimum applicable surge arrester rating consistent with reasonable system operating procedures. E-9 II. Computer Controlled Statistical Circuit Breaker Operations The generation of a statistical overvoltage distribution on the TNA is accomplished through the use of the digital computer data acquisition system associated with the TNA facility. The computer controls the TNA circuit breaker in a statistical manner to simulate the natural variations in actual breaker closing angles and closing’ span, and processes the resultant overvoltages and currents. Closing angle is the angle on the power frequency wave at which the breaker closes. Closing span is the difference’ in electrical angle or time between the first phase of the breaker to close and the last phase to close. In the simulation, the individual phases of the breaker are made to close with equal probability anywhere within the closing span guaranteed by the breaker manufacturer. Since the maximum closing span is generally smaller than a complete cycle of a power frequency wave, the mean value (in time) of the random closings also must be evenly distributed over a full cycle. This is accomplished by uniformly stepping the mean of the closing span over an integral number of cycles. When investigating transient overvoltages, the waveforms occurring for each event are processed by the computer, which detects the peak voltage for each of the three phases, sorts the events in order of decreasing per unit overvoltage, and plots the probability distribution. For further analysis, a table of events with the highest overvoltages is printed, showing the overvoltages and breaker closing angles for the three phases. When arrester energies are being measured, the digital computer multiplies voltage and current for each phase, integrates’ these products over a specific time span, and again plots the results. E-10 The reported distribution curves directly indicate the probability of a given overvoltage or arrester energy. The higher the overvoltage level, the less likely it is to occur. This information can be used with the METIFOR programs to determine the flashover probability of transmission lines. E-11 PT. Mackenzie 230 bv esters Teedand Dougles as po verte Chatcoii a Heel Measea Gord Hild Wainwright (3) ‘ ase kv ( - “a 26 Mi. af>| fj H Ph -foa HEH Hae HH a Eh mF] @ Watene 7 138 kv a Teeland — eet 1588" O = Tce 4 i Wie kv OPERATING BREAKER @ OPEN BREAKERS F,L,K,R CLOSING RESISTOR @.88 (OHS) > . 398 FROM: INSERTION TINE @.00 (ho) ATICN? LOAD REJECTION TO: MAX. CL. SPAN 8.33 (ms) DESCRIPTION OF SYSTE RESULTS y GE. KMD SUBSTATION TRANSFORMER ARE OFF. | Healy TCR arrester energy is 0.02 MW Sec. |" LD HILL-FY.GAINURICHT LINE OUT OF SERVICE. i i i Line arrester energy is low. roa DESCRIPTION ” CONTINGENCIES *LOCATION 14 IS AT THE GOLD NILL END OF THE LINE FROM NENANA. {"* MU LOSD FLOW NORTH. CASE? 300 - TABLE 1 A300T1 TEMPORARY LINE-NEUTRAL VOLTAGE CREST PER UNIT QUANTITIES (&=DENOTES NON~SINUSOIDAL ) PRE-SUITCH. VOLTAGES BREAKER G18 CLOSED. LOCATION A B c 3 @.97 @.98 @.99 4 @.98 @.98 8.98 s 1.02 1.00 1.01 6 1.02 1.01 1.02 2 1.01 1.01 1.63 8 1.00 1.01 1.03 14 1.00 1.01 1.03 CASE! 308 TABLE 2 Aze@eT2 TEMPORARY LINE~NEUTRAL VOLTAGE CREST PER UNIT QUANTITIES (¥*DENOTES NON-SINUSOIDAL) POST-SUITCH VOLTAGES. BREAKER @ IS OPEN. LOCATION A B c 2 @.97 x @.99 ® 1.01 4 1.03 1.02 1.63 $ 1.07 1.06 1.05 6 1,05 1.05 1.04 2? 1.08 x 1.08 1.05 8 1,08 1.02 1.02 14 1.09 1.08 1.07 MwMHDpDrvo w MwHroron Pp MoeDrTTD Oo 1.0 e.5 2.2 -@.S -1.0 1.5 AZ@OV1 LOCATION: 3 TEELAND 138 KU PER UNIT VOLTAGE CASE NO. 300 OSCILLOGRAM NO. 14 S.@ MS/DIV POST SUITCH VOLTAGES BREHKER G 13 OPEN MnoDxrD D MnAPrIrID wo MOrxrD Oo AZeeN2e LOCATION: 7 NENANA 138 KY PER UNIT VOLTAGE 1.5 1.0 @.S 9.0 0.6 ~1.0 “1.5 1.5 1.8 8.5 8.0 -0.5 1.0 71.5 1.5 1.@ @.S 0.0 -6.5 1.0 “1.5 CASE NO. 300 OSCILLOGRAM NO. 2 POST SWITCH VOLTAGES BREAKER @ IS OPEN 5.6 MS/DIV MorDrvD DvD MnDrou w Morxrv 9 @.S- @.a- ~@.S- -1.6- -1.8- 1.5 1.0 @.5 8.8 8.5: “1.04 “1.5 AIeU3 LOCATION: 3 TEELAND 138 KU PER UNIT VOLTAGE CASE NO, 380 QOSCILLOGRAM NO. 3 LOAD REJECTION AT GOLD HILL 20.8 MS/DIV Morpiriv w MODID D MOoDID Oo 1.5 1.0 @.5 o.8 -0.5 -1.08 1.5 1.5 1.8 @.S 8.8 ~6.5 -1.0 “1.5 1.5 1.0 @.5 @.0 -0.5 -1.0 “1.5 A30OV4 LOCATION’ 4 DOUGLAS 138 KV PER UNIT VOLTAGE CASE NO. 300 20.6 MS/DIV OSCILLOGRAM NO. 4 LOAD REJECTION AT GOLD HILL MODID w MHDID D MODI Oo AZOSUS LOCATION: 5 CANTWELL 138 KY PER UNIT VOLTAGE 1.5 1.2 @.S 6.8 0.5 1.8 “1.5 1.5 1.8 a.5 8.0 0.5 ~1.6 "1.5 1.5 1.@ 6.5 0.e -0.5 -1.@ -1.5 CASE NO. 300 20.8 MS/DIV OSCILLOGRAM NO. 5S LOAD REJECTION AT GOLD HILL Mopyprv w MOnDIrD vY murrwe oOo ABOVE LOCATION; 6 HEALY 138 KU PER UNIT VOLTAGE Aci, | 6.5 @.0 ~@.5 ~1.0- -1.5 1.5- 1.0 e.5 8.0 -0.5 ~41,.0+ “1.5 1.5 1.0 @.5- 8.8- -0.5 -1.0- “1.5 “CASE NO. 30@ OSCILLOGRAN NO. 6 THAN REJECTION AT GOLD HILL 20.0 NS/DIV MODIvD w MYHDIrD D MoOrrv oO A30BU7 LOCATION: 7 NENANA 138 KU PER UNIT VOLTAGE CASE NO. 300 20.0 MS/DIV OSCILLOGRAM NO. 2? LOAD REJECTION AT GOLD HILL MOAPID w mMyprwv D> MODITUV O A3e0U8 LOCATION? 8 GOLD HILL 138 KU PER UNIT VOLTAGE 1.S 1.0 a.5 a.0 0.5 1.0 “1.5 1.5 1.6 @.5 0.6 -6.5 ~1.8 -1.5 1.5 1.8 @.S e.8 -@.S -1.8 -1.S “CASE NO. 300 20.8 MS/DIU OSCILLOGRAM NO. 8 LOAD REJECTION AT GOLD HILL MHMrprrTD Ww marr rt Morris Oo AIe0U9 LOCATION? 14 G.H. END OF LINE FROM NENANA PER UNIT VOLTAGE - fu 2 pret d tt Lope ee pee! CASE NO. 300 OSCILLOGRAN NO. 9 LOe&D REJECTION AT GOLD HILL 20.8 MS/DIU Morrow w MODID Dd MADrvD oO A38015 LOCATION: 9 GOLD HILL 69 KY PER UNIT VOLTAGE 1.5 1.6 @.S 8.e -@.5 1.0 “1.85 1.55 1.0 @.5 0.e -3.5 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.8 @.5 8.8 ~0,541- 1.0 “1,5 CASE NO. 200 20.0 MS/DIV OSCILLOGRAM NO. 16 LOAD REJECTION AT GOLD HILL 1.5-y a-p 1+? p Os H ft @.@ $ -e.5- E 1.0 “1.5 A30010 LOCATION: 11 TEELAND 13.8 KU PER UNIT VOLTAGE 1.57 o-a 1°28 p 2&5 : e.a-+ : -0.5-+4- “1.8 =15i= CASE NO. 300 OSCILLOGRAM NO. 1¢@ LCAD REJECTION AT GOLD HILL 20.0 NS/DIV morrv c A30011 LOCATION: 12 HEALY 12.8 KV PER UNIT VOLTAGE 1.5 1.0 9.5 6.0 -8.S 1.8 ~1.5 1.5 1.0 @.5 @.@ 0.5 1.8 “1.5 CASE NO. 360 20.0 NS/DIV OSCILLOGRAM NO. 11 LOAD REJECTION AT GOLD HILL MOvdowD Monrorv Moros A30012 LOCATION? 13 GOLD HILL 13.8 KY PER UNIT VOLTAGE 1.5 A-B 1.8 e.5 8.8 -0.5 ~1.6 1.8 1.5 1.0 @.S e.8 -@.5 -1.8 ~1.5 CASE NO. 300 20.@ MS/DIVU OSCILLOGRAM NO. 12 LOAD REJECTION AT GOLD HILL MoHOrrv w@ MHrpxrIv 2 3- CASE NO. 300 OSCILLOGRAM NO, 13 LOAD REJECTION AT GOLD HILL LOCKTLONK. 12 TEELAND TOR CLL RENT SYSTEM KILOASi CRES 20.0 MS/DIV MOvpIvD w MONDID OO Locr. (OHs 12 hLaALy TCR CURRENT SV¥GTLT KULOAMPERES SU UG “oN AM CASE NO. 306 20.6 MS/DIV OSCILLOGRAM NO. 14 LOAD REJECTION AT GOLD HILL MOHDrID w MYDID oO ‘ 4 LOCATIONS 3:8 GOLb HILL TCR CURVE SYSTEM NLLGECPERES CASE NO. 300 26.0 MS/DIV OSCILLOGRAM NO. 1S LOAD REJECTION AT GOLD HILL mMoOrvrIrID Dd MODIrV D MODID D> A300E1 LOCATION: 12 HEALY 12.0 KU PER UNIT VOLTAGE Sy 1.0+ @.5- 9.0 -@.5: 1.0 =e" SYSTEM KILO-AMPERES 1.5 1.0- @.5+ @.0-+—-+ -0.5 1,0: “1.5 SYSTEM MEGA-JOULES @.15- O14 ®,0S +} 0.80 ~0.05- 0.18 0.154. CASE NO. 308 20.0 MS/DIV OSCILLOGRAN NO. 15 ARRESTER L-L AT HEALY SUS EVALUATION FOR TYPE 23 @.@@ COUL. EVALUATION FOR TYPE 3¢ 0.45 PT. MecKenzie 230 ov Teelend Teeland Douglas 230 AV ase "G) 130 v Contwerl fo eed Nenana Gord Hiss ise ay a ase av spf 43 pHa 7 CHa HHH iHem ; ‘ Gord (22) man eo by Watana 138 kv . E Gold Hill ect = 13.8 kV REN SETTINGS. U NORTH. aber, 7 7 ay i OPERATING BReukKER B OPEN BREAKERS F,L.K.R CLOSING RESISTOR @.80 (OHSS Noe. ped FROM INSERTION TiME @.0@ (NS) ATION: tap REJECTION TO: Max. CL. SPAN 8.33 (MS) if DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM i © KV LINE GUT OF SERVICE. STATION TRANSFORMER ARE OFF. { DESCRIPTION TIME CONSTANT = 150 NSE KLOCATION i4 IS THE TEELAND END OF THE LINE FRGM UCUCLAS. | (7 CASE? 301 “TABLE 1” A3e1TI TEMPORARY LINE-NEUTRAL. VOLTAGE “CREST PER UNIT QUANTITIES (X=DENOTES NON-SINUSOIDAL » PRE-SWITCH VOLTAGES. BREAKER B-1S CLOSED. LOCATION a B c 3 1.80 1.20 @.99 4 1.06 @.99 6.99 s 1.04 1,02 1.02 6 1.03 1.02 4.02 ? 1.02 1.04 1.02 8 1.01 1.62 1.02 CASE: 30t TABLE 2 A201T2 TEMPORARY LINE-NEUTRAL VOLTAGE CREST PER UNIT QUANTITIES (&*DENOTES NON-SINUSOIDAL ) POST-SUITCH VOLTAGES. BREAKER B IS OPEN. LOCATION a B c 14 1.14 x 1.15 1.43 4 1.44 * 1,14 1.13 5 1.41 1.09 1.08 6 1,07 1.05 1.04 ? 1.06 1,05 1.05 8 1.05 1.85 1.04 Moprv ww MoDrv bv MoDrIVv oo 0.S- 0.5 -1.0 -1.5 1.5 1.0- @.5 4 @.0 -.5- “1.0 “1.5 1.5 1.0 @.5 e.e ~@.54 71.0 “1.52 AZ@1V1 LOCATION: 3 TEELAND 138 KU PER UNIT VOLTAGE CASE NO. 301 OSCILLOGRAM NO. 1 LOAD REJECTION AT TEELND 138KU 20.0 MS/DIV MoOrvprv & MODID D MoaDrD Oo A3e1N2e LOCATION? 14 TEELAND END OF LINE FROM DGLS PER UNIT VOLTAGE CASE NO. 301 20.6 NSs/DIV OSCILLOGRAN NO. 2 LOAD REJECTION AT TEELND 138KU MODIVD & MODID D MnHDIVD OO A301U3 LOCATIONS 4 DOUGLAS 138 KY PER UNIT VOLTAGE -~_ oe = ~~ WwW CASE NO. 301 20.0 MS/DIV OSCILLOGRAM NO. 3 LOAD REJECTION AT TEELND 138KU Be murpro © muapxre Morr oO 1.54 1.0 @.5- Q.e -8.5 1.04 -1.5 Q.5 @.0 -@.5- -1.0 -1.5> 30104 LOCATION: Ss CANTUELL 138 KU PER UNIT VOLTAGE CASE NO. 302 20.0 NS/DIV OSCILLOGRAN NO. 4 Load REJECTION AT TEELND 138KU mopxrs ° AIO1VS LOCATION? & HEALY 138 KV PER UNIT YOLTAGE 1.5 1.0 @.S 6.8 -@.5 -1.0 “1.5 1.5 1.0 @.5 @.2 -0.5 -1.0 “1.5 1.5 CASE NO. 301 20.0 NS/DIV OSCILLOGRAM NO. S& LOAD REJECTION @T TEELND 138KU moprd & mypxrv > moprs ° AZ01V6 LOCATION? 7 NENANA 138 KY PER UNIT VOLTAGE 1.5 1.0 @.S 8.0 -0.5 1.0 1-5 1.5 1.6 @.5 o.6 -6.5 1.8 -1.5 CASE NO. 301 20.0 MS/DIV OSCILLOGRAM NO. LOAD REJECTION AT TEELND 138KU mMoDIv w MorprDnD DP MonDre Oo -O.5 “el -1.54 1.5 1.0 @.5 2.0 -O.5-++ -1.0 -1,5- 1.5- 1.0 @.S: 8.e- -6.5- “1.0 “1.54 A30107 LOCATION? .& GOLD HILL 138 KU PER UNIT VOLTAGE CASE NO. 301 OSCILLOGRAMN NO. 7? LOAD REJECTION AT TEELND 138KU 20.0 MSvDIV MHUPrvD ow mMwpxrv MHODIVv oO A301U8 LOCATION? 9 GOLD HILL 69 KY PER UNIT VOLTAGE 1.5 1.0 @.5 @.6 -9.5 “1.0 71.5 1.5 1.0 @.S 2.0 -O.5 -1.0 “1.5 1.5 1.6 ®.5 o.8 -@.5 ~1.0 “1.5 CASE NO. 361 22.0 MS7DIV OSCILLOGRAM NO. 8 LOAD REJECTION AT TEELND 138KU MoOrvrv B-¢ morpvirv C-A mwrnra 1.853 = @.54 @.0 =6-54 -1.0 “1.5 1,5: 1,0 @.S- @.0- -8.54 -1.8- hye oe a3e1U9 LOCATION: 141 TEELAND 13,8 KU PER UNIT VOLTAGE CASE NO, 301 26.9 MS/DIV QSCILLOGRAM NO. 9 LOAD REJECTION AT TEELND 138KU A30110 LOCATION: 12 HEALY 12.0 KU PER UNIT VOLTAGE 1.5 1.8 0.5 8.0 -6.5 1.0 “1.5 1.5 1.0 8.S e.e “8.5 =170 “1.5 CASE NO. 301 20.8 MS7DIU OSCILLOGRAM NO. 10 LOAD REJECTION AT TEELND 138KYU 30111 LOCATION: 13 GOLD HILL 13.8 KU PER UNIT VOLTAGE 1.5 A-B 1.8 MO2rxrv @.5 8.0 0.5 “1.8 1.5 1.5 pec 10 MoOrvirv c-Aa MorprID @.S 8.0 -@.5 ~1.8 “1.5 i.S 1.6 @.5 e.8 -8.5 -1.0 71.5 CASE NO. 301 20.8 MS7DIV OSCILLOGRAM NO. 11 LOAD REJECTION AT TEELND 138KU MwMHPDxrD Db MnMPrrIvD ww mMODpDIv oO AZ@111 LOCATION: 11 TEELAND TCR CURRENT SYSTEM KILOANPERES 20.0 MS/DIV CASE HO. 301 CSCILLOGRAM NO. 12 LOAD REJECTION AT TEELND 138KV MOonvprv w moDpiv Dd MoOrPrvD oO Az0112 LOCATION: 12 HEALY TCR CURRENT SYSTEM KILQAMPERES CASE NO. 3@1 20.0 NS/DIV OSCILLOGRAM NO. 13 LOAD REJECTION AT TEELND 138KU MHDrv w MwHyvpirv Dd MoHrrDp Oo 30113 LOCATION: 13 GOLD HILL TCR CURRENT SYSTEM KILOAMPERES CASE NO. 3@1 20.8 MS/DIV OSCILLOGRAM NO. 14 LOAD REJECTION AT TEELND 138KY PT. Meckentie aso bv Teeland Teoland Douglas FI, 230 AV 130 AY Cantwell Wooly Nenana Gord Wadd Merowsighe isa ‘© () . © ase av ase (7) ise 136 bv a>] os H Hie HEH ie Ho A ; ZN Gold Mana HP Watene 238 kV i.e kv : Onn TcR (s) Gold Hill 13.8 bv T T OPERATING BREAKER A OPEN BREAKERS F,L,K,R CLOSING RESISTOR 0,60 CONS) Front THSERTION TINE @.00 (nS) Max, CL. SPAN 8.33 (MS) D REJECTION TOs “DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM CONTYELL-UATANA 138 KU LINE OUT _OF SERUICE. KESLY SEN. AND SUBSTATION TRANSFORMER ARE OFF, CONTINGENCIES SAIN © 2A, TIME CONSTANT = 150 NSEC. D REFERENCE SETTINGS. Su LOAD FLCU NORTH, CASE! 302 ‘TABLE 1 A36aT1 “TEMPORARY LINE-NEUTRAL VOLTAGE CREST PER UNIT QUANTITIES ("DENOTES ‘NON- “STNUSOTDAL ) Loan REJECTION AT. TEELAND 230 KY. PRE~SUITCH VOLTAGES © BREAKER AIS. CLOSED LOCATION A. BO c 3 1.00 1.006 @.98 4 1.00 8.99 8.98 § 1.03 1.01 1.01 6 1.03 1.02 1,02 2 1,02 1.62 1.02 8 1.01 1.02 1.03 9 1.02 1.02 1.02 CASE: 302 TABLE 2 aaeeT2 TEMPORARY LINE-NEUTRAL VOLTAGE CREST PER UNIT QUANTITIES (&=DENOTES NON~SINUSOIDAL) LOAD REJECTION AT TEELAND 23@ KV. POST SWITCH VOLTAGES BREAKER A IS OPEN LOCATION A B. c 3 1.01 1.02 @.97 4 1.04 1.04 @.99 5 1.03 1.06 1.04 6 1.01 1.05 1.85 ? 1,04 1.04 1.04 8 1.04 1.04 1,65 3 1.02 1.02 1.03 * MwoyviIv w muDrD Fr Murpiv oO e.e 0.5 -1.0- “1.5 AIB2V1 LOCATION: 3 TEELAND 138 KV PER UNIT VOLTAGE CASE NO. 302 OSCILLOGRAM NO. 1 LOnD REJECTION AT TEELND 23@KU 28.0 MS/DIV MOHDIID D MoDrDrv w Morrv o Aso2U2 LOCATION: 4 DOUGLAS 138 KU PER UNIT VOLTAGE CASE NO. 302 20.¢ MS/DIV OSCILLOGRAM NO. 2 LOAD REJECTION AT TEELND 2@30KV MoHrPpxrs D MOHDxrVy aw MHPDxrID oO t a LOCKTiSNs = CANTWELL 133 KY PER UNIT YOLTAGE CASE NO. 362 20.0 MS/DIV OSCILLOGRANM NO. 3 LOAD REJECTION AT TEELND 230KU morirv » MoOnvrv w MoOrprs oO caSE NO. 302 AI@2U4 LOCATION: 6 HEALY 138 KY PER UNIT VOLTAGE 2@.@ MS/DIV OSCILLOGRAM NO. 4 LOAD REJECTION AT TEELND 23@KU MOnvrvov w MODID D Morris Oo A3e2US LOCATIONS 7 NENANA 138 KV PER UNIT VOLTAGE CASE NO, 302 20.0 MS/DIV OSCILLOGRAM NO. §& LOAD REJECTION AT TEELND 230KU > MODI Mopiv w MoODIV Oo AIC2VE LOCATION: 8 GOLD HILL 138 KU PER UNIT VOLTAGE 1.5 1.8 es 0.8 -8.5 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.0 @.S o.6 “8.5 “1.0 “1.5 1.5 1.8 @.5 8.8 8.5 1.0 ~1.5 CASE NO. 302 20.8 MS/DIV OSCILLOGRAM NO. 6 LOAD REJECTION AT TEELND 230KY APA Tutertie Power Flow Study Normal & Sv Oviages 70 MW Ale Heal y On (328 kV F+. Wamw. line In CE itu {24 1avle 4 Outs ae Normal and SVS Failure Power Flow Conditions for 70 MW Power Transfer to Fairbanks, Healy Generator On-Line, 1984 System, . : ; Pt. Mackenzie 230 kV Transmission, (;old Hil) — Ft.Watn wright he In 13% : Load Intertie SV5_E _ - mut ed Flow SVS Voltage Over/ SVS Controlled Bus Voltage Voltase (4). 4MVAR ee ee Fig. Controlled SVS In Under- Voltage (%) MVAR Voltage I Case_ No. Bus Service Voltage Desired _Actual Max. Actual (pu) Max. Actual (pu) D 6.5 96.5 210 14.6 6.4779 IS.4 APA1B & Teeland 138 yes no BF 98% -20:9 10.5 Ore 22. 1153 (+51)- (4. \. ’ Healy 138 yes 102.2 102.2 25.0 ure. 7a 22. 43:8 (+72) 1S. . cal! Gold Hill 69 _—yes 101.0 101.0 34.9 2:0 +:d3e- 33. S80 (.67) ze APA1B1 3. +Teeland no under 5 ge - oi -973 - 4 = Healy yes 102.2 102.2 25.0 BS 404 22 19.8 (790) Ian 1.925” baed Gold Hill yes 101.0 101.0 34.9 -2350 1.034 33. . (267) Teeland Healy no dq, 1-54 Ve Gold Hill yes 101.0 101.0 34.9 : ay 33. 33:0 (1,0) 4 Teeland yes no / 5 ‘ < 5 Fj x3 (54) Healy yes 102.2 102.2 25.0 ie Fe oo. At (+95) Gold Hill no 101.0 98.2 - Oo. 0.972- - - a Notes: 1. Per unit of maximun. CASE APAID rashes sso o.stefutlls 3. s obagerity, S46. 46TEELND S 133i 0.96PU_-9.04¢ 0. 96PU 14 Ty 3, 1 4GotDNL 1 TGOLDHL 1 COWL 1 yusKkT 1 V.01PU1=60.16° 4.4 1.01PU"=63.30° 1.090 1-01PU' =63.30° 1.01PU -63.42¢ >> 43 $ eeu - 41 >> 13 ” 6 @ 4 ho 4 <-|-> or rie SVS lowered 7 1 AACHENTP 1orPU 63.632 ouT 15:59:40 b CASE APAID| Sout Susy 5.142 1496 Ss 1 4BelUdn Ss LS IBSBELUGA OS 142PT MK2~ 5 rggturtn s 3agen 1-O3PU 7.99° 1.0; 1.0280 9.46° 0.98PU -0.S2° 0.9S5PU -22.S6° 1.00PU “121 : . lie 194 > 13 Zi 70: 28 : 31S pee 2 p23 24 : o—2 «by ne o 3 1 24 ye 26 1 6 eHEALY 4 1.02PU | -40.26° Jonency 1 1.01PU "42.359 >. 14 AGOLDML 1 V.O1PU = 61.732, i 1.00 aoe 3 3 > > 21 onsets of. c-2ee a. ot Tayane' ect 4ce-0 4 t ozs" 9) t OR ugse'o <2 “z st Sivfat ° > <for St a 2s 12 Be sz ~ 8. < fe 8eT <A> et ote 12S by ae ° erere 265° 0~ Nd6e oO olf 6 20° 4 co" oSe-d Ndbo'' S° YWringobt 5° YNbaysbe Semi saz s Vonraest S von aah it wes oe ebus cus burs Y ZS* best. ino SAS S44 5 46 S.133 Funte, S140 VI4BELUGA OS 46TEELND S UDSWILLOW Ss L46TLKINA OS ,Agcn TUES Ss 1.04PU 8-942 4 925 0.90PU "9.108 0.96PU =14.27 0.97PU "_-21.542 1.00PU) -35.58¢ 42 $ e 76 16> > 72, zn zi 70 2s z 11S p12 <r 17 19s > ne 1 13 135, 1 sete 5 0 ae sin i rgucteno 5 - 1.92PU ‘38.772 —u8 = 21 HEALY wen aboroH \goupm 1 ALY 1 SNENANA 1 i. DH 69 1.02P0)-38.812 1 .00p() NEES cee PU 60.59% 4, 1.00PU 63. 53° 3 . fee es Sweet Ree eri : se pevs Be pee oF St OBE Svs Liew 24FTUNRT 1 sPU 6h. 960 MOprvD w moprv & MOoOrrwe oO | A4BTL LOCATION: 14 | TEELAND ~TCR CURRENT. " SYSTEM KILOAMPERES CASE NO. 45 5.0 MS/DIV OSCILLOGRAM NO. 4 MAX. EVENT FROM DISTRIBUTION NO ARRESTERS 219 PT. MacKenzie 230 AV Teeland aaa Dougies: cos mina FT. 230 kV 138 av 138 kV Cantwell _ Weipwright @ (s) (:) ise ay 2 138 ky, nse: 8 138 Av 4 >= Hfoeofoces , ofoceafommel aaal< G) oj fH . ©) Seana Teetand =e (4) K®D 13.8 kV Gold Hil) 13.8 kv TOT FP aps TcR AAEPL OPERATING BREAKER B QPEN BREAKERS f CLOSING RESISTOR @.08 CONNS) CASE NO. 46 FROM: TEELAND 138 KU INSERTION TIME 8.06 (MS) OPERATION: ENERGIZING TOs DOUGLAS 138 KY MAX. Cl. SPAN 8,33 (MS) RESULTS TEELAND SUS GUT OF SERVICE LOCATION 14 IS THE DOUGLAS END OF THE 138 KU LINE FROM TEELAND CASE? 46 TABLE 1 A46TL TEMPORARY LINE-NEUTRAL YOLTAGE CREST PER UNIT QUANTITIES (&=DENOTES NON-SINUSOTDAL ) PRE-SUITCH VOLTAGES, BREAKER B IS OPEN LOCATION A B c 2 @.95 @.95 8.95 3 @.98 @.97 e.98 14 @.0% 0.0% @.01 CASE: 46 TABLE 2 A46T2 TEMPORARY LINE-NEUTRAL VOLTAGE CREST PER UNIT QUANTITIES (X*DENOTES NON-SINUSOIDAL) POST-SUITCH VOLTAGES,BREAKER B IS CLOSED LOCATION Aa B ¢ 8.96 @.95 @.95 3 8.99 o.98 @.98 14 8.99 9.39 @.98 1R7 PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION MAX OF ALL PHASES NO. POINTS = 380 a2 o e Nn se SOUL IGANSAQ LINN Y3d = a 33 «(93.9 99.99 1@ 2038 5@ 7088 9@ 2 O.8i Bi PERCENTAGE +56 -56 +S6 +Sé -S6 sé +56 $6 «SS »$S 46 CASE NO. 183.3 KYC(1.63 P.U.) X VAVEFORM HAS 4 PEAKS ABOVE THIS IS 1.8 & 108.0 KU (SA RATING) # 1.414 ® SUCH WAVEFORMS THERE WERE LOCATION 14, ANALYSIS FOR TRANGUELL ARRESTER www wn 180.@ DEGREES CLOSING SPAN = SETUP DATA -400E @1 3.600E @2 O6.000E~O1 -O08E GO 3.50GE G3 5.000E 1 AEDS 98T 1.088E a0 @.OG0E-01 1.800E 02 3.008E 02 3.800E 08 1.@Q@0E @2 6.394E 02 G.G00E O1 @.0GGE~81 8,000E-O1 1.38@E 62 +O80E 02 8.330E 08 §.@00E-e1 i i 1 uMMvuUTtT TT MHWNNNUWDw win TABLE OF HIGHEST OVERVOLTAGES uw THUNDTTONIGCHGONIUVUMN HURDUDS ODL MNDDHODAUAHOLOTNOMVMNDONLNOH So | TTS AM AS HODONA GS A wt ADDS BONA HM MSSDOM MAS wet SADDAM DUM MOD ce ee ee eee eee ee Oreo eee EH eo om eer wo roe ee saree eeees 5 i obebabahahal pebahebabal bahabahehahakal talkehel: tek hehehehe hahehehahal-ahahaiak.ekekakakakeh- toekehet) ° z tty BAB GTOGIOMND HH OVSOMVOVHOKE- SL SADUDONAOL ONAN HHWOHWATY Ba | SVAwavover BADQGOAGDOHAHNMNKOAMNMHO AVON SOHUAOIHM AM UCNAYN NHN SMNUGSUNW ew CHO ODOC PRE CEH SEER SSE T SS ECTS TOSS OF DSS 9 0 6 0 0 19) © _ | AAS HSA MANA IS SAN O BAS AAAS HAG AG HO NAMA NO ete iteteicie ~ 5 DLBLeNC GNM Hs ANOHMIDADAOOEEE EE ODODOUGUMNDOUNSWMONBMMMNOT TOM Sel DDD DOD OND 9 1 4 10 CUE LD 7 03 C0 4 LD UD LP 1 EU A) UU AD AD ED LL UY wD LY LL @ LOL 1 we ce ee ee Oh eee em mem erm em HOO eee eo HH ee mee rE HES eee a ' AR OF Ah hd Od OhL FL Ne OF oh Od Ot Ol I IO OI NOLO OT Ot OF Ot Wd LOTTI et edet et Ot Od eet ed Wied wt eted as 2 pees es SECOLM CHOON TOV OECAUAOKON CT ANANANDL OL OAANMNM ANON S ee ee tee tee eee reese errr er ere reer ter reser eseearpeoecesroese ES! SASSOASE HOWLING AT OOOH ATG UDUUS TUT OUT AI GOUOTRSOL Oro 2 IT EOUVMHOMWLUAAWHHOWTAUTMNDHS HOVUDUVOMN TAHUOUH MADMAN MUNUTOTOTHHOOMAM & OM YBRTAMAMN Ata THs ATTHTUM AT aot Ae Te OS ee o ire nN p LARUSON. TF CRCHCE SOONG AMT CAM] CUM MANIGH ANN OOUANOUME ATNOOUL AAI : oe ee eer eee cee eer ee eee ew eo oe eer ole gal age drsdagsene er tdwoK Ak aus orneaadadToUs UC EIST ERS Z Eee Ff Be ee oS UO NOOSE SH MB CSIAUM HORAN VAS Ut = QO TFUFTIOVT UOMUUUIVVUNAUT TUTTE AANA DUAAVM BHVAUMUAMNMUMM + MAI 2 8 jp AULT YD T MOONS TU AY LIME IAUOT GUDVONN MNON GAT MBN AT Or OW HA MGOW oe 's [6 8 8 5 66 6 8 6 0 0 6 8 2 8 8.8 6 6 i 66 Se 0 6 6 6 6 6 6 66 © 6 6 6 6 2 M0 0 8 6 0.4 6 8 6 16 OTL IKAMNHOWDMNHOYS QVUAMOINIAIHGGUUNDTAUDMMAMGHATHNMAITMUVMLAMMUMNGESS as POADAOTADDUIWO TON STYRMDDVONODAASONMT OU DOMME LOM HOME Or MH a NV FUTLTTUNT HH TsUT nrTHM centre FT “utr USUI TUUT Ties MODIs w MODIV DvD MODrw a 1.5 1.8 a.54 0.0 - -O.5 “1.0 A4GUL LOCATION: 3 _ TEELAND 138. KV PER UNIT YOLTAGE S.0 MS/DIV “CASE NO. 46 OSCILLOGRAM NO. 1 MAX. EVENT FROM DISTRIBUTION NO ARRESTERS Mopvxrvw w MoaDIrIV Dd MOpPrye oO 1.5 1.0 8.5 8.0 8.5 1.8 -1.S- 1.5 1.0 @.5 8.8 -O.5 ~1.8 “1.5 1.5 1.9 9.S- a8 8.5 “1.8 “1.5 Aas6ue LOCATION: @ TEELAND 230 KU PER UNIT VOLTAGE CASE NO. 46 OSCILLOGRAM NO. 2 MAX. EVENT FROM DISTRIBUTION NO ARRESTERS S.0 MS/DIV MHADIrIV D MOrPrDv w MODID O A46U3 LOCATION? 14 DOUGLAS END OF LINE FROM TEEL. PER UNIT VOLTAGE CASE NO. 46 OSCILLOGRAM NO. 3 MAX. EVENT FROM DISTRIBUTION NO ARRESTERS $.6 MS7DIV an ee. Meckenaie 230 Av Veedend aati pougtes 30) by ase av Vse Ay, Watane a38 kV HO. 50 .--- FROM’ CANTUELL 138 KY -RATIONS ENERGIZING © - Tor UATANR 138 KY TT DESCPIFTION OF SYSTEM | THREE SUS IN OPERATION . $4 7S UATANS END OF LINE. FROM CANTUELL ( Conwell ase av Ft. Worowraghe waive) ieasxe Gord Wind ase kV, aaebv pHa Ha Da Gold Wind Vee kv OPERATING BREAKER F CLOSING RESISTOR @.08 COHNS) INSERTION TIME ©.00° (MS) Max, CL. SPAN 8.33 (MS) OPEN BREAKERS K.L.R CONTINGENCIES ANT © 150 NSEC, CE SETTINGS, TAAD RE KY LIbE FROM GOLD HILL TO FT,UAINWRIGHT IS OUT OF SERVICE \ DESCRIPTION HEALY GEN. AND SUBSTATION TRANSFORMER ARE OFF “o- GASES 5-7 TABLE 1 aS@TA "TEMPORARY LINE-NEUTRAL VOLTAGE . CREST PER UNIT QUANTITIES (£=DENOTES -NON-SINUSOIDAL} -PRE~SUITCH. VOLTAGES BREAKER F IS. OPEN LOCATION A B 2 @.95 @.95 @.95 3 8.99 1.04 6.97 4 8.98 2.99 @.96 14 @.01 @.21 @.@1 Ss 1.02 1.04 1.00 6 1,02 1.61 1,01 2? 1.01 1.00 1.02 g 1.00 1.00 1.02 CASE: SO TABLE 2 ASeTA TEMPORARY LINE-NEUTRAL VOLTAGE CREST PER UNIT QUANTITIES (k=DENOTES NON-SINUSOIDAL) POST-SUITCH VOLTAGES BREAKER F IS CLOSED LOCATION a B Cc 2 @.94 8.95 9.98 3 @.99 1.00 8.98 4 @.98 1.00 @.96 14 1.04 1.03 1.02 Ss 1.03 1.028 1.02 6 1.02 1.04 1.¢2 ie 1.04 1.00 1.02 8 1.00 1.04 1,03 908 STABLE “OF HIGHEST OVERVOLTAGES PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION '_ CLOSING ANGLES FOR PHASE ~ PER UNIT OUERVOLTAGE max A “B _¢ A B c P.U. 203.0 148.6 256.8 1.57 1.35 1.44 1.57 - 230.5 222.19 235.6 . 1.50 1.18 1.09 1.50 MAX OF ALL PHASES 199.2? 178.6 = 229.1 1.30 4.50 1.13 1.50 1.8 NO. POINTS = 194 366.5 ° 350:5 486.7 1:22 1.48 «= 1.28 1.48 c 345-5 315.9 273.3 125 1.30 1.48 1148 226.5 119.2 113.6 1.47 1.31 1.33 1.42 1.7 164.9 206.6 . 155.8 1:46 1.06 01.14 1246 146.0 137.6 | 113.9 1:23. 16460 «4.33 1.46 by U6 113.4 239.2 | 105.3 1125 1.041.486 1.46 Fa 343-8 311.6 ° 282.9 1:24 4.45 © 1.33 4.45 fis 16:.3 142:6 92.1 4:29 1.45 1.24 1.45 Ee 203.9 359.9 853.3 1:45 1.32 01.32 1.45 S 130.6 130.1 98.8 1.29 1.44 1.29 1.44 ete 95.7 95:5 155.3 $1027 1.42 1.05 1.42 ity 371.2? 41359 474.3 14200 1619 14d 1.42 B13 32.4 €5.9 18404 1.30 1.85 291.42 1242 41350 363-8 «47903, 108948? te4d ti4i 12 376.4 325.4 491.8 1:41 1.35 1.20 1.41 3 243.4 191-9 311.6 1:32 1.16020 1.44 1.43 Si 237.4 310.5 194.8 1.32 1.96 1.40 1140 ae 116.2 102.2 75.3 11140-1189 1248 1.40 tH 22812 343.2 286.8 1:36 1.40 1.33 1.40 2 te 379.1 323.5 499.4 1.39 4.12 01.48 1.39 Bg ee | 4383s Ns a.9 213.2 16. 132. : : : ac . Mie cient Lig tap ies 144 1:3? Bei Bt 12 18 aa $3 93.9 99.99 2o.9 4 34. . + 1. 1. r 1 63.4 151.8 182.4 1:37 1.28 © 1.15 1.37 236.6 393.2? 366.8 1.3% 4.88: 1.12 1.37 eé2.1 353.08 368.3 1.26 1.37 4if2 1.37 396.8 429.2 347.8 1:36 911071045 1.36 471.5 . 42413 381.0 111204036 01,38 1.36 263.3 244.7 250.8 1346 1.360 1.83 1.36 CASE NO. 50 137.4 243.1 :183.3 1:36-1:10 108 1.36 269:8 435.72 448.8 1:26 e229 1.35 1.35 364.8 433.3 415.@ 4:95 0 Medd 12 1.35 $1.4 113.8 167.6 1:35 01688 1.42 1.35 % UAVEFORM HAS 4 PEAKS ABOVE 183.3 KUC1.63 P.U.? 285.5 303.4 234.9 41104-2827 «:1.38 1235 227.4 161.8 123.9 4:35 1.26 01.32 1.35 THIS IS 1.2 & 108.0 KU (SA RATING) ¥ 1.444 332.3 «365.8 © -285.4 $1301.31 01.34 1.34 44.8 81.7 70.28 $1340 1:17 bea? 1.34 THERE WERE @ += SUCH UAVEFORMS 212-9 237-2 390.2 1.07 1.28 4.94 1.34 136. 23.4 39. .e 34) tits 1.34 seed Sead 2312 iiss 1g ig 134 LOCATION 14, ANALYSIS FOR TRANGUELL ARRESTER 422. . 41?. . . 1. 3 16:3 24513 th0'5 tae ite 18 138 CLOSING SPAN = 180.0 DEGREES 565. : : : ji : i668 283.6 96.9 131 1g 148 en GETURS DETR AsOdL 37%. 3? Ze / ake 214 31 SUS ara L.40CE C1 3.8C0E 22 B.Q00E-O1 1.800E 02 1.000€ 22 See ee ae rans tole eS mt fa LlOSCE OO Z.SOCE OB 1.0G0E 2 3.000E OO 1.000E 90 ee Brg 480.5 tise 123 ata9 ey L-O80E G2 1.380E G2 1.000E 02 6.394E 02 §.000E Of ee et iy teen litaei «ilies ARS BlSQVE OD F100CE OB 2.0G0E-01 @.0Q0E-01 O.CeeE-o1 A2CEYS ALCE10 A20611 LOCATION: 114 LOCATION: 12 LOCATION: 13 TEELAND 13.8 KY HEALY 12.0 KV GOLD HILL 13.8 KV PER UNIT VOLTAGE : PER UNIT VOLTAGE PER UNIT VOLTAGE ee CGN TAMATATAATAA © oS TMT ~t.pt 4 ate CASE NO. 206 50.8 MS/DIV CASE NO. 206 $8.0 NS/DIV CASE NO, 206 56.0 NS/DIV OSCILLOGRAN NO. 9 OSCILLOGRAM NO. 10 OSCILLOGRAM NO. 11 MAK.EVENT FROM DISTRIBUTION #2 “MAX.EVENT FROM DISTRIBUTION H 2 MAX.EVENT FROM DISTRIBUTION + 2 14 ARR. wT LOC.12 & i4 ARR. AT LOC.i2 & 14 ARR. AT LOC.12 & > mMworPrvD w Mopvro MOorvrD oO AaeCGI1 LOCATION: 114 TEELAND TCR CURRENT SYSTEM KILOAMPERES CAZE NO. 206 OSCILLOGRAM NO. 12 50.0 MS/D1U MAX.EVENT FROM DISTRIBUTION #2 BRR. AT LOC.12 & 14 MODIV & MoODPIvD D MoOprrvT Oo Aae6ia LOCATION: 12 HEALY TCR CURRENT SYSTEM KILOAMPERES CASE NO. 206 50.6 MS/DIV OSCILLOGRAN NO. 13 MAX.EVENT FROM DISTRIBUTION # 2 ARR. AT LOC.12 & 14 Morro D> MOHDID w MODrD Oo AzOGIZ LOCATION: 13 GOLD HILL TCR CURRENT SYSTEM KILOAMPERES wo Ww CASE NO, 206 50.0 MS/DIV OSCILLOGRAM NO. 14 MAX,EVENT FROM DISTRIBUTION # 2 ARR. AT LOC.12 & 14 MOHrpxrD ow MOPrs D- Morxrv oO “CRSE NO. 206 —RROGIS LOCATION: 6 TOTAL FAULT CURRENT SYSTEM KILOAMPERES 50.@ MS/DIV OSCILLOGRAN NO. 15 MAX.EVENT FROM DISTRIBUTION # 2 ARR. AT LOC.12 & 14 MoODxrv w MnDxID D MoPrD Oo Aig, AZOGIE LOCATION? 6 FAULT CUR. CONTR. FROM TEELAND SYSTEM KILOAMPERES 1.5 1.8 a. 0.28 6.5 “1.0 “1.5 1.5 1.0 e.5 8.0 -0.5 1.0 -1.5 1.5 1.8 @.S o.e -O.5 1.8 1.5 CASE NO. 206 50.6 MS/DIV OSCILLOGRAM NO. 16 MAX.EVENT FROM DISTRIBUTION # 2 ARR. AT LOC.12 & 14 MHp>rv w MHODrV D MnHrprv oOo A2O6I7 LOCATION: 6 FAULT CUR. CONTR. FROM G.H. SYSTEM KILOANPERES 1.5 1. e.S 0.0 0.5 1.0 -1.8 1.5 1.0 @.5 2.8 -@.5 “1.0 “1.5 1.5 1.6 @.S @.8 -8.5 -1.0 1.6 CASE NO. 206 S@.@ NS/D1YV OSCILLOGRAM NO. 17 MAX.EVENT FROM DISTRIBUTION # 2 ARR. AT LOC.12 & 14 eT. McKenzie 330 bY Teerand Teoland Dougies Fr. Mealy Nonane Gord Wild Waiowraght CO 230 AV >) ey ase by, : sre ae 438 AV yaa ase by i> f= t-rex TO Hee nemafoanel acs ‘ [ Gold iG 60 Hi. mane oo ares HE ke Dy Gold Hib de bv TPR GPERATING BREAKER @ OFEN GREAKERS J,R CLOSING RESISTOR 0.00 (ONS) FROM? GOLD HILL 138 KU INSERTION TINE 6.69 (5) Tor HEALY 138 KY MAX. CL. SPAN 8.33 (HS) RESULTS 108 KU TRANGUELL ARRESTERS AT THE END OF TRE LINE FROM GOLD HILL AT HEALY, : FY. MATNGRIGHT-GOLD HILL 138 KU LINE OUT OF SERVICE GOLD HILL SUS IN OPERATION, STANDARD REFERENCE SETTING. ‘S$ IN OPERATION, STANDARD # LOCATION 14 1S THE HEALY END OF THE LINE. ate TABLE OF HIGHEST OVERVOLTAGES PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION +. GLOSING ANGLES FOR-PHASE PER UNIT OUVERUOLTAGE MAX ses A B =e eC a B c PU. 6843 ' 49.9 $3.7 2.22 1.72 1.34 2.22 413.4 393-7 350.8 2.00 2.19 1.80 2.19 MAX OF ALL PHASES 69.3 69:1 128.9 1:9? 1.64 a19 2.19 a NO. POINTS = 380 / p35. 205.6 16259 2:19 B19 Let 2:49 : a 335.6... 226-6 316.1 2371.82 «1.79 2:1? 270.4' °° 263.1 ° 186.4 2.16 1.61 1.39 2.16 2.5 244.8 225.0 324.2 atS 1:79 1.80 245 448.4 ‘426.3 451.5 2.14 1.66 1.39 2.14 ly 2.3 497.1 448.2 0444.3 214304178) 443 2.13 6 270.4 «258.1 -394.3 3s43 sea) | dca? 2.43 =o 246.9 217.9 289.7 2:13 «4:84 01:98) 543 5 B59:3 25810 190: 2:12 1:69 1.62 2.12 8 Be7,4 «195.7 «1468 «= 2006444085 zt 17.7 80.2 134.8 1-4@ %.64 2.11 atts 6 417:5 411:6 454.3 2:i2 4083) 472 Bad 27 80:8 66.5 153:7 8.10 1:62 1:78 2.18 140.1 214.6 93.6 1.57 2.10 1.54 2.18 Sas 11821 97:6 14705 1:68 1:52 2:10 B21 S 449:9 410:@ 359.1 aie 0 ale? 57) Bate Sis 445.9 427:6 272.7 2:10 «1:68 «6346s te eh 24.3. 281.3 183-7 1:88 1.85 2:85 3:a9 & a74i8) 83417-19414 aes 1.911064 2.09 @ 14 75:8 135.3 126.6 1:86 1.35 2:09 2.09 et ae ! . . . . . 1. . - ee re ui ge att eet ae ees HT ene aT 423.0 262.3 310.2 1:84 1.55 3.02 2.07 243.8 201.8 328.4 2:06 «601.87 «1.89 8.06 353.7 414.7 365.8 1.38 2.eS 1.54 2.05 487.6 448.6 426.0 2:05 1.62 «4039 B85 273.7 423.5 300.5 1.85 1.85 2.04 2.04 29:4 194.9 1380 1:85 2:63 2.04 2:03 CASE NO. 27 138:0 826.9 191.5 1:33 2.03. «1089083 268.5 288.6 308.0 1:83 1.51 2.02 4.02 257.6 1287.0 164.@ 28.02 ical 1:69 2.02 264:8 402.4 366.3 1:89 2:@1 1.65 2.08 % UAVEFORM HAS 4 PEAKS ABOVE 183.3 KU(1.63 P.U.) 288:6 | 348.6 305.9 {-72 1:51 2.01 Blas 382.3 | 27416 «324.5 1:31 1.52 2.0! 2.04 THIS IS 1.2 * 108. KU (SA RATING) & 1.414 163.6 185.2 130.4 1.29 2.01 1.91 2.04 100.2 183.9 42:7 1.68 2.01 1.29 2.04 THERE UERE @ SUCH WAVEFORMS meee i ggmst |{\ somes) sere itacoe i{lmeme (1/1) seme . . * 1. . +8O . Se area aces ieee te cee eet . x" i 4 : 1.3 , a iT Hei Bef Hii ote Ge fe ofS ee ae . ‘ . . ‘ . 1. area rece eee Ngee gem anes fete a : ; : : : : : 1.40E @1 3,600E 02 @.G00E-@1 1.8@0£ 02 3.Q00E e2 . fat Bivse tase | E132 T1Se ies t9e 110Q0E 00 3:S@GE @3 S.0QCE O1 3.Q00E BO 1.00E o- Aaa ta tenets Ltr aes bese ese ase 1.96 1/@B0E @2 1.38GE 02 1.000E G2 6.394E 02 6.000E 21 Reece eee tees bree lit iteee tices tse 8:330E 0@ 1.00CE G0 6.000E-01 0.000E-01 0.000E-01 ABMVL AL?Ve Aa7U3 LOCATION: ‘14 LOCATIONS 7 LOCATION: 8 _ HEALY END OF UINEC13B KU) NENANA 138 KU GOLD HILL 138 KU PER UNIT VOLTAGE PER UNIT VOLTAGE PER UNIT VOLTAGE — 3 3 a a 2 a 2 Pp Pp 4 P i Hq H H a A ® A @ § $s -1 $ -1 E € Ee c. -2 +2: -3 3 8 BF B P Piece P i H H A a ° a $s $ -1 $ E E ec * ~3 3 c ce c P ee P H He H a a a $ Sis s E E E ~2 -é “3 ~3 -3 CASE NO, 27 - S.@ MS7DIV CASE NO. 27 5.0 NS/DIV CASE NO. 27 5.0 MS/DIU OSCILLOGRAM NO. 1 OSCILLOGRAM NO. 2 QSCILLOGRAN NO. 3 ENERGIZING FROM GOLD HILL ENERGIZING FROM GOLD HILL ENERGIZING FROM GOLD HILL NO SRRESTORS NO ARRESTORS NO ARRESTORS I PT. Mackenzie 230 4 Teeland . 250 kv fmf _& Ff aR OR Teoland Douglas Teeiand 13.3 kV TCR 4 . FROM: GOLD HILL 138 KU ON? ENERGIZING TOL HEALY 138 KU DESCRIFTION OF SYSTEM ZING GOLD-HILL TO HEALY 138 KU YSTEN AT GOLD HILL i “CONTINGENCIES SVS_IN OPERATION ON 14 IS THE HEALY END OF THE GOLD HILL TO HeALY LINE fi: Watowraght 138 kV Cantwell Gold Hill 338 bv OPEN BREAKERS J @.80 COHNS) @.08 (hd) 8.33 (mS) RESULTS OPERATING BREAKER G CLOSING RESISTOR INSERTION TINE MAX. CL. SPAN RRRESTER RATING AT LOCATION 14 IS 168.88 KU-TYPE 3 CASES 34 “TABLE 1 A34TL TEMPORARY LINE-NEUTRAL VOLTAGE CREST PER UNIT QUANTITIES k= DENOTES NON-SINUSOIDAL ) PRE-SUITCH: VOLTAGES, BREAKER @ OPEN. LOCATION A B c a .00 1.00 1.04 7 0.01 0:01 0.01 14 : .01 101 case: 34 TABLE 2 A34T2 TEMPORARY LINE-NEUTRAL VOLTAGE CREST PER UNIT QUANTITIES (&=DENOTES NON-SINUSOIDAL) POST-SWITCH VOLTAGES, BREAKER @ CLOSED, LOCATION a B c 8 1.00 1.01 1.62 ? 1.02 1.03 1.04 14 1.028 1,04 1.64 TABLE OF HIGHEST OVERUOLTAGES CLOSING ANGLES FOR PHASE a 449.9 274.8 413.4 227.4 148.14 239.1 262.7 117.4 257.6 303.9 335.9 353.7 3289.3 75.8 264.8 354.1 69.3 62.8 453.3 406.4 436.9 73.4 268, 16. 39 27 33 B 410.0 234.7 393.7 195.7 214.6 205.5 275.6 190.5 127.@ 368.2 269.4 414.7 373.7 135.3 402.4 454.7 69.1 194.6 509.1 386.0 330.2 194.9 312.4 201.8 365.2 217.9 288.6 263.1 183.3 218.3 +8 13 38) > tw oes @ 6 4 66 Warr wuWwe RKOeKTUDUVUIA ~~) PMNAWUADAH UO VMwwn WWres c 359.1 194.4 350.9 146.8 PER UNIT OVERVOLTAGE A c 1.56 1.38 1.79 1.94 1.53 1.80 1.66 1.287 1.88 2.09 2,43 tee r eee were er te ete moa ere rere eees SUAAHAUSASOOS see Ree ee eee BS SBS ess sees seks CA ne ee UT CVUIHK WNW SSUTOUUHANOOONUILAOY NO INWAOOONOOS s+ MAX P.U. 2.39 2.35 2.23 222 +22 DBODPVOP DSP LAD IPO SS SSH OF§ PSS PO OOS SOS SOHL OSE OVO QV Or ewer ererersrerey VVUOVUISL LAUD AAMNAHOAOHAOHONHHOVVISGOONDOOKDHOUVSSSKUNUUUIAON ole <6 se se 0 6 ss 0 5 2 6's o's oe eetoereoboeceee VUVVUUMUNUMAVUUMUVUUUBNUUNOUUMNMUUAUNVMUVUNUUNUMMONNMUVNMNMNND oe PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION MAX OF ALL PHASES 2.7 NO. POINTS = 388 PER UNIT OVERVOLTAGE tel *-3ylai gl 12 18 2030 So 7aee Se 39 99.9 99.93 PERCENTAGE CASE NO. 34 X WAVEFORM HAS 4 PEAKS ABOVE 183,3 KU(1.63 P.U.) THIS IS 1.2 ¥ 108.6 KY (SA RATING) & 1.414 THERE WERE @ SUCH WAVEFORMS LOCATION 14, ANALYSIS FOR TRANQUELL ARRESTER CLOSING SPAN = 180.0 DEGREES SETUP DATA a34Dt 11d00E 88 3:S00E 83 Sco0se O1 3-000 GO 1-000E 09 1.@86E @2 1.380E @2 1.000E 02 6.394E 02 6.000E 01 8.330E @@ 5.Q00E-01 O.000F-@1 0.00@E-O1 G.O00E~-O1 mMopry ww MODIrV Db MHPrIV oO A341 LOCATION: 14 HEALY END OF LINE PER UNIT VOLTAGE 5.0 mSvDI¥ CASE NO. 34 QSCILLOGRAM NO. 1 MAX. EVENT FROM DISTRIBUTION NO ARRESTERS Morris w MADIDBD D Marrs oo Az4Ne LOCATION: 7 NENANA 138 KV PER UNIT VOLTAGE CASE NO. 34 OSCILLOGRAM NO. 2 MAX. EVENT FROM DISTRIBUTION NO ARRESTERS 5.0 MS/DIV MHYDIrID w MoHviriDs D> MODrDy oO 1.5 1.5 1,8 8.5 8.8 -8.5 ~1.8 71.5 1. 1.0 @.5 8.8 0.5 “1.8 -1.5 A34U3 LOCATION: 8 GOLD HILL 138 KU PER UNIT VOLTAGE CASE NO. 34 5.8 MS/DIU OSCILLOGRAM NO. 3 NAX. EVENT FROM DISTRIBUTION NO ARRESTERS MOPrv Dd 0.65 0.4 ®.2t 0.8 ~0.2 “0.4 8.6 A3Z4I1 LOCATION: 13 GOLD HILL PH. A TCR CURRENT SYSTEM KILOAMPERES CASE NO. 34 5.8 MS/DIV OSCILLOGRAR NO. 4 MAX. EVENT FROM DISTRIBUTION NO HRRESTERS MOorDn Dd 0.6 e.4 @.2 0.0 -.2 -@.4 8.6 A34I2 LOCATION? 13 GOLD HILL PH. B TCR CURRENT SYSTEM KILOAMPERES CASE NO. 34 S.0 MS7OIU OSCILLOGRAM NO. 5 MAX. EVENT FROM DISTRIBUTION NO ARRESTERS MODPDxID D @.6 9.4 8.2 e.8 -6.2 ~8.4 ~@.6 3413 LOCATION: 13 GOLD HILL PH. C TCR CURRENT SYSTEM KILOAMPERES CASE NO. 34 S.@ MS/DIV OSCILLOGRAM NO. 6 MAX. EVENT FROM DISTRIBUTION NO ARRESTERS | PS4EL LOCATION: 14 HEALY END OF LINE 138 KU @.45 p 010- e 0.05 A 2:00 $ -@. E ~@-05 ~0,104 70.15 CASE NO. 34 S$. MS/DIV OSCILLOGRAM NO. 7 MAX. EVENT FROM DISTRIBUTION 108 KV, TYPE 3 ARRESTER OP. EVALUATION FOR TYPE 2! ,.06 GOUL. EVALUATION FOR TYPE 33 2.00 PER UNIT VOLTAGE mopivn vo SYSTEM KILO-AMPERES SYSTEM MEGA-JOULES