HomeMy WebLinkAboutNuiqsut Line Loss Analysis Report, January 18, 1991Alaska Energy Authority
LIBRARY COPY 016
NUIQSUT
LINE LOSS ANALYSIS REPORT
PREPARED FOR
ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY
701 East Tudor Road
Anchorage, Alaska 99519-0869
by
RAJ BHARGAVA ASSOCIATES
301 East Fireweed Lane
Anchorage, Alaska 99503
January 18, 1991
Alaska Energy Authority
Summary of Line Loss study report by AEA at
Nuiqsut Pass
There are large un-metered loads, such as station
service, laundry and street lights.
Some of the wiring in the power plant is not in
compliance with the NEC code and may cause problems.
The CT's associated with the Totalizing meter are not
correct.
Some of the meters had incorrect wiring. Most of them
were rectified by the consultant during his visit.
The water heater at school does not have meter and is not
billed.
Some of the installations have meters but are not billed.
About 10 meters need recalibration or replacement.
It is reported that there has been possible power theft
in some cases. These meters need some sort of lock or
seal.
The Generators are operated in a uneconomical manner.
Most of the time two generators are operated in
parallel where as one generator would be sufficient to
meet the load.
10.There are some over sized transformers contributing iron
losses in the systen.
Amit Sinha
March 22, 1991.
NUIQSUT TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
Executive Summary
Field Trip Procedures
Nuiqsut Field Trip Report and Recommendations
Appendix A - Records Collected
INTRODUCTION
On September 20, 1990 Raj Bhargava Associates (RBA) was issued a contract by the
Alaska Energy Authority, Contract No. 2800286, Work Order No AEA-RAB-001, to perform
a Line Loss Analysis in the North Slope Borough communities of Nuiqsut, Kaktovik, and
Anatuvik Pass. AEA’s impetus behind this contract was to determine the causes of power
losses which were reflected in the monthly reports filed by the North Slope Borough
Public Utilities Department (NSBPUD) as part of the State of Alaska’s Power Cost
Equalization (PCE) subsidy program, to recommend solutions to the problems
discovered, and provide cost estimates of repairs.
RBA was given the following specific directives:
1 Data Collection
A) Collect PCE data and discuss known problems
B) Coordinate with the North Slope Borough and each community
2. Field Trips
A) Spot check consumer meters for accuracy
B) Check for unmetered loads
C) Check diesel powerhouse metering
D) Check meter readers ability to read meters accurately
=) Visual inspection of distribution system
3. Report
A) Letter quality report in six copies with photographs, cost estimates, ACAD
drawings and catalog cuts as appropriate.
On October 11, 1990 this contract was amended to include an in- depth, computer-aided
study of Kaktovik’s distribution system analyzing load flows, losses, voltages, and fault
currents.
During the weeks of November 14th and 21st, field trips were made by Thomas D.
Humphrey, P.E. (RBA) to the North Slope Borough communities of Nuiqsut, Kaktovik, and
Anatuvik Pass. Mr. Humphrey was accompanied by Mr. Frank Foote NSBPUD during all
of the investigations.
This document is RBA’s final report. The in-depth study of Kaktovik is attached as a
separately bound appendix to this report.
LOAD ANALYSIS REPORT JOB NO. AP-05 Page 2
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
All of the line losses in these communities are identifiable and can be attributed to the
following causes:
1. Unmetered loads
The most significant unmetered loads were the NSB powerhouse station power,
the NSB laundry/washateria, and the NSB street lights.
2. Unrecorded meters
This category included NSB owned and operated facilities e.g. runway lights in one
case. Often where buildings had been vacated and later reoccupied, the meter
reading sheets had not been caught up with the current occupancy status.
3. Faulty meter wiring.
Faulty wiring was suspected at locations which utilized current and/or potential
transformers. All of these locations were checked. Problems encountered
included reversed polarities, wiring for the wrong form, incorrect application of
multiplying factor, and missing circuit closing contacts. For the most part all faulty
meter wiring was corrected in the field during our investigations.
4. Normal system losses.
In several instances transformers are considerably oversized. Reduction and/or
elimination would result in savings. Long and/or undersized secondary runs also
contribute to the overall systems losses.
Fuel efficiency could be improved by utilizing a more precise schedule for
maintaining units on line. Operator logs reveal that many times two units are kept
on line when one unit would suffice.
LOAD ANALYSIS REPORT JOB NO. AP-05 Page 3
FIELD TRIP PROCEDURES:
a Talk to the meter reader.
A. Review record keeping and collect representative data
B. Determine meter reading abilities
C. Use records to indicate other loads that may have been missed and test if
instrument class.
D. Analyze records to find meters running backwards or misread.
Check the wiring and test the meters at each of the following facilities:
A. Powerhouse - Bus totalizing
Station
Laundry |
Water/ sewage & misc. or other powerhouse load
School
USDW (Combined School District Warehouse)
4 meters
USDW - Warm Storage/Equipment Shop
Other Commercial Customers without self contained meters. mo oO Meter test procedure (3 phase loads)
A. Record the meter CT & PT nameplates.
B. Verify the wiring for specific Form of meter being used.
-Check for unmetered loads
Cc. Measure the voltage and current.
-Measurements were taken using a Fluke 8060 RMS meter and Fluke
80:400 AC Coupler.
D. Time a specific multiple of disk revolutions in seconds.
E Compute the expected Kwh based on measured voltage & current, and
compare against Kwh based on disk revolution times.
Fe Sketch one-line and note any code violations.
Spot check all other commercial loads, street lights, verify residential loads,
unrecorded loads, and meters which appear from the records to be working
wrong.
Inspect fuel meter and collect meter reading data.
Visually inspect all of the outside plant and update the system as-builts.
LOAD ANALYSIS REPORT JOB NO. AP-05 Page 4
NUIQSUT
Field Trip Report
Inspections made by
Tom Humphrey (RBA)
Frank Foote (NSB)
Dave Kippi (NSB)
November 20 & 21, 1990
NUIQSUT
NUISQUT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Executive Summary
Kilowatt-hour Reconciation
Fuel Consumption & Efficiency
Field Investigation Reports
Appendices
Page 2
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Nuiqsut was the first village inspected by our team on this assignment. Our strategy
was to inspect and test all of the major loads in the community. After this test we
then thought to verify the total consumption with a test period reconciliation -
reconciled against both totalizing Kwh meter and fuel consumption.
Our specific recommendations are listed on a case by case basis in the field
investigation part of this section.
Our test period load reconciliation indicating that with the conrrections made
substantially all of the load will be accounted for.
When based on total Kwhrs generated the fuel efficiency of this community
powerplant is a respectful 12.9 Kwhrs/gal.
NUIQSUT Page 3
KILOWATT-HOUR RECONCILIATION
Summary of Unmetered and/or Unrecorded Conditions
Estimated by Month KwH for 10/90
NSB - Power plant 17218
Laundry 11837
Water/Sewer 3766
USDW - Panel A 1680
Panel B 1760
Panel C 680
Panel D 9680
Water Heater 2000
USDW - Warm Storage 3597
NSB - Runway Lights 6480
NSB - Street Lights 6552
Total 65250 Kwh
Residential Metered Load 34575
Commercial Metered Load 66871
Unmetered Load (estimated) 65250
166696
5% line losses (est) 8335
Total 175031 Kwh
Totalizing-KwH meter
9/31 1444 (10/1 reading of 1464 less 20) 10/31 2852 608 x 288 = 175104 Kw hrs.
NUIQSUT Page 4
FUEL CONSUMPTION & EFFICIENCY
Fuel Consumption: 13598.6 gal.
Kw hr./gal. = 12.9
Adding the unmetered load and comparing the totals to the totalizing Kwh meter
and the fuel consumption correlates very closely and indicates that corrections
made as estimated herein will now account for all of the kwhrs being used.
NUIQSUT Page 5
FIELD INVESTIGATION REPORTS
We adopted the following procedure while checking meters in this community:
1. Record the meter plus CT & PT nameplates.
2: Verify the wiring
A. Check for unmetered loads
3. Measure the voltage and current.
A. Measurements were taken.
4. Time the revolution of the dish using a Fluke 8060 RMS meter and Fluke
80:400 AC Coupler.
5; Compute the expected time based on measured voltage & current, and
compare against actual times.
6. Talk to the meter reader and others about problems they may know about
6A. Collect representative data.
7. Update system as-builts.
We checked the following loads:
1. School
2: Powerhouse - Bus totalizing
Station
Laundry
Water reservoir & misc.
3. USDW (School District Warehouse)
4 meters
4. USDW - Warm Storage/Equip. Shop
5. REIL Office AKA Terminal Bidg.
Runway lights.
6. Street lights
Individual reports in each of these loads are given on the following pages.
NUIQSUT Page 6
Vs TRAPPER SCHOOL METER
This school is fed directly from the power house from a 250 A 3-pole circuit breaker located in
the main 480V bus. The Section is (3) 250 MCM copper which runs about 150 feet in
underground conduit to a 225 KVA dry type transformer located in a wooden enclosure on a
platform behind the school. The 120/208V 3-phase 4 W outside feeder is 5010MCM copper. One
is run underground in conduit about 100 feet to the school’s main switch generator.
The school’s meter is located next to the main switch generator. CT's are located in the switch gear.
Summary meter data: Summary CT data:
Sangamo Form 6S Abbott Machine Corporation
SN#49187976 800/5 Ratio
20CL 120V 4W Y 60HZ Cat. No. 100-801 50-400 HZ
1.8Kh 25TA 600V 10 Kv BIL
11.1 9 Rr Type S55, 2 station
A comparison of the meter wiring indicated that both the B & C phase current taps were revised
and the C phase voltage tap was connected to B. This would not have affected the operation
but we rewired it to match the diagram for four 6S precisely. Note that there were no circuit
closing devices so CT’s were jumpered before we rewired the meter.
Data Measurements - Meter reading 1849
Vas 205 I, 161 Vac 206 \, 188 Vac 206 I, 181
1 Disk Rotation = 17 seconds
Power Factor estimated at 0.95
Calculations:
Computed Kw = 1.73 xP
(by 1 + E measurements) 1000
me 178 x 206 x 1.73 x 0.95 = 60.3 Kw
10.0
Computed Kw = 3600 x rev x PKh, where PKh = Kh x CTR x PTR
from Disk Rev t (sec) x 1000
NUIQSUT Page 7
x 1x 1.8 x 160 x 1 60.9 Kw
17 x 1000
In addition to the totalizing meter, there is a Dranetz Power Line Distribution Analyzer Series 606
was installed in the switch gear which periodically records average single phase voltage,
frequency, and sag, surge events.
RECOMMENDATIONS:
1. Install a circuit closing meter socket or at least a warning sign to prevent CT's from being
burned out accidentally.
2. Install meter with KW dial.
3. Move CT’s to line side of step-down transformer. Trnasformer losses should be billed in
the School Districts rates.
4. Reduce the outside step-down transformer, e.g. from 225 Kva to 100 Kva to reduce
transformer losses.
NUIQSUT Page 8
2. POWERHOUSE
There are five generators, two each 225 Kw Caterpillar 3406B (Units 1 & 2); two each 210 KW
Caterpillar (Units 4 & 5); and one 155 KW Cat 3306 (Unit 3). Total generation available is 1.025
MW. Units 1 and 2 were both on-line at the time of our investigation. The generator switchgear allowed for parallel operation of any or all of the generators. Each generator cubicle had a full
complement of V, A, KW meters. The main bus was rated at 1000 A, 480V.
On the generator switchgear are two Kw-hour meters. The left hand GE meter was supposed to
be recording the total KW hours generated and the right hand Sangamo meter was supposed to
be recording the station power used. The operators have been recording both these meters on
their daily logs at 8 AM each day.
The operators also log all of the individual generator & engine parameters on an hourly basis.
Meter Data: GE VM-65-S Sangamo
Form 65 Form 65
Crt #700X25G2 Rr = 1111/9
SN 78773423 SN 49390816
TA 2.5 TA 2.5
Kh 1.8 Kh 1.8
10 CL 20 CL
120V, 4WY 120V, 4WY, 60 HZ
2 station 2 station
In addition to these meters was a Dranetz Series 808 - Electric Power/Demand Analyzer which
gave status reports on demand and daily totals automatically at 12 midnight each day.
Pais: Microm Industries B2050 x 15 - PF
288V 600/5 Pnl 120V Sec
Wired Y-Y PTR = 2.4
CT’s Due to inaccessibility, we could not see the nameplates on the CT’s.
Assumed to be 600/5 based on 288 multiplier in use (CTR = 120).
Investigation showed that the Sangamo meter was wired to the GE meter and had mistakes in the
wiring, e.g. the common neutral off the CT’s was tied to the C phase voltage terminal. Looking
at the logs, this meter ran erratically. Looking at the wiring, it appears that it was just identified
as a check on the GE meter. Frank proceeded to remove the Sangamo from the panel and also
rewired the GE meter.
After rewiring, the following data was recorded from the Dranetz: 291.3 kW, .89 PF and a disk
time of 6 seconds.
NUIQSUT Page 9
Kw = 3600 x 1x 1.8 x 2.4 x 120
6 x 100
311 Kw
A second test was run for 10 revolutions. Total 87 seconds. The load generated from 275 Kw to 287 Kw. Observed on the Dranetz.
Kw = 3600x10x 1.8 x 2.4 x 120
87 x 100
214 Kw
These readings were 20% lower and we felt the CT ratio must be 800/5 which would have
yielded 284 Kw or right on.
However, based on additional equipment, conditions, and the fact that the 6 second test read high,
I feel that the CT’s are probably 600/5 and our 10 revolutions test was somehow in error.
The main distribution panel has 7 circuit breakers in use; all of which are essentially unmetered, although the four main feeders have ammeters on each ammeter.
C/B1 600/3 West Distribution System Feeder % 236 \ In 242\
Ip 89 > From Fluke I, 100 > From Panel Meter
Ic 172/ Io 165 / ;
C/B2 600/3 East Distribution System Feeder ly 137 k 140
Ip 155 (erratic) Ip 235 le 127 Ic 140
C/B3 250/3 School Feeder I, 54.1 _ 534
Ip 60.5 Ip 58
Ic 60.5 Ic 54
C/B4 100/3 Generator Bldg. - Station Power im 32.1 i oe Is 32.0 _, 3» le 345 ne
C/B5 125/3 Laundry
I, 20.2 i 21.0 ie 27.5
NUIQSUT Page 10
C/B6
C/B7
50/3 OEFH 1 a 8.5 ly 14.9 Ic 10.6
50/3 OEH 2 ly 3.0 Ip 2.8 i. 3.8
Measurements were taken at 18:53 on 11/20/90
NUIQSUT
RECOMMENDATION:
Install meters to all unmetered feeders. Organize loads into these groups:
iis Station power
2s Feeder East
3. Feeder West
4. School
Ss Laundry
6. Water & Sewer Plant
The West feeder has a single 250 MCM copper connector on‘a 600A breaker with
an ampacity rating of 255A and is a violation of NEC Article 240-3.
The overhead drop portion of the West feeder rubs against the vent hood near its
point of attachment to the generator building. This is a violation of NEC Article 230-9 and in combination with the other problem (3) noted above, could result in
catastrophic failure to the feeder if not fixed.
There is a good possibility that the relays and circuit breakers have never been
tested or calibrated. This should be done at least every two years.
Verify that the bus totaling CT’s are 600/5.
Page 11
3. USDW SCHOOL WAREHOUSE
This building has a 3-phase, 1-wire, 208 volt service. Switchgear and circuits are located on the mezzanine storage level. Meters are located just inside the east entrance. The
switchgear has 5 mains, one of which is unmetered and serves a 27 Kw electric water heater. The other four are individually metered and are identified as Panels A, B, C & D.
Panel A - Public Works Shop, Panel B - School District Shop, Panel C - Water & Sewer,
Panel D - Headbolts.
Meters All Y CT’s all Y
Sangamo Type SL4S GE JAK-0
Rr = 111 1/9 A 200/5
20 CL B 200/5
120V, 4 WY C 200/5
TA = 2.5 D 400/5
FL = 1.8
Form 9S
3 station
The wiring checked out correctly with the exception of having the Z terminal grounded when it
wasn’t supposed to be. We removed this ground.
rial er:
Current Reading A 712 80169923
B 401 80169926
Cc 436 80169922
D 2252 80169925
DATA
Panel A___Pane! B___— Panel C__ Pane! D
Vag = 1995 |, 13 10.30 .06 57.8
Vac = 203 I, 10.13 16.80 8.90 73.3
Vac = 207 |, 24.80 0.00 5.50 45.6 Vavg 201.2 I avg 11.68 9.03 4.82 58.9
1 Disk Rev = 60.0 90.0 104.0 28.4 sec.
The water heater feeder was pulling about 0.1 A indicating it wasn’t on. Nameplate data: State Mod #CMSF10, S/N 3407, 27 Kw at 208V, 36 Kw at 480V.
NUIQSUT Page 12
1A =Be —c_ DE
Kw Measured 3659 2829 1510 18451
Kw Timed 4320 2880 2492 18253
RECOMMENDATIONS:
Install meter for water heater feeder. Also needs ground on conduit bushing in switchgear.
Start billing for these meters and including on monthly reports. Buildings are about 1 year
old and the meters have been read - just don’t appear to be put on reports yet.
NUIQSUT Page 13
4. USDW (HEAVY EQUIPMENT SHOP)
Meter Data: SANGAMO Type S55
Form 14S
CL 20 120V 4WY 60 HZ
SN 76354995
Kh = 21.6
Rr = 9 7/27
TA = 30
Current Reading 20308
DATA
Va 117 Ay 18.2 PF Estimated @ 0.9 Vp 121 Ag 19.1
vc 116 Ac 5.4 an 118 ti ng 14.2
2 disk revolutions = 33.14 SEL
Kw (calculation) = 4530
Kw (disk rev) = 4684
RECOMMENDATION
ne Start billing for this meter and adding it to the monthly reports.
NUIQSUT Page 14
Ds NSB R.E.L.I. (Terminal Building)
This building has 2 meters mounted on the outside. One meter is supposed to record the building load. The other is for the runway lights.
Airfield lighting meter AKA Panel ’A’
TERMINAL BLDG: RUNWAY LIGHTING CT’s 400/5
GE V-64-S GE Catalog #705610G11
Form 16S Form 6S
SN #76407374 SN #76650668
200 CL Self-contained meter 2066, 240V, 4 WY
Rr 9 7/27 TA 2.5, Kh = 3.6
TA 30 Rr - 55 5/9; Current reading: 2241
Kh 21.6
Current Reading: 65248
Wiring checked out all right. However, meter indicating lights were not on and test calculation indicated a 40% low reading.
TEST DATA
Vap 203.2 I, 5.4 (Note unbalance) Vac 199.7 Ip 39.4
Vac 199.3 Ic 45.7
T sec rev. = 2 minutes, 59 seconds = 179 seconds
Kw (calc) = 200.7 x 30.2 x 1.73 x .9 = 9437 W
Kw (rev) = 3600x1x3.6x80 = 5792 W 179
RECOMMENDATION
ne Both meters should be replaced with tested and calibrated meters.
2: At present, only the building meter is being read and billed. The runway lights meter
should be read every month, billed, and added to the report.
NUIQSUT Page 15
STREET LIGHTS
We counted 91 street lights. The meter reader's notes indicate 95. They are all newly
replaced. 150 W HPS.
NSB also recently installed 1 metered street light. (2 weeks ago).
RECOMMENDATION
a Start reading street light meter on a regular basis and use for monthly reports.
2: Spot check and record burnouts.
NUIQSUT Page 16
Te OTHER FINDINGS
ie
NUIQSUT
Meters are read on the third Monday of each month. PLE reports are based on the
billing period which is dated at the end of each month.
Fuel and Power Station measurements are read and recorded daily and reported on
actual calendar months.
There was some discussion about possible theft of power due to unmetered
situations (bypassed) and meters installed backwards for part of a month. NSB
should replace and install lockable-type meters at any suspect location.
Reviewing the monthly meter readings for 10/15/90, the following meters should
be checked:
A. AHNVPKANA, Johnny Acct 330505 630000646
Meter reported upside down.
B. HOPSON, Steve, Jr. Acct 330522 Meter 57323505
C. AHKIVIAWA, Archie Meter 63060646
Serial Number indicates multiples may be 1 not 10. Verify.
D. KAZMIENCZOK, Mike Meter 63000593
Same as Item C.
E. KOVALSKY, Richard Meter 57779069
Meter runs backwards.
F. NUIQSUT, Others’ Club/Health Board. Should be prorated i.e. split not
doubled.
G. NSB CIP (White Trailer) Meter 63000745
Running backwards.
Page 17
USDW CT CABINET
NUIQSUT - USDW METERS
NUIQSUT Page 18
NUIQSUT - LAUNDRY
NUIQSUT Page 19
NUIQSUT - SCHOOL METER & SWITCHBOARD
NUIQSUT Page 20
NUIQSUT - POWERPLANT
NUIQSUT Page 21
EAST FEEDER AT POWER PLANT
NUIQSUT - EAST & WEST FEEDERS AT POWERPLANT
NUIQSUT Page 22
USDW & HVMF SERVICE
NUIQSUT - REIL & AIRPORT BUILDING
NUIQSUT Page 23
NUIQSUT - SCHOOL 480-120/208 TRANSFORMER
NUIQSUT Page 24
Appendix A - Samples of Records collected for Nuiqsut
Index
1. Operator’s Daily Log Sheets, one or two months typical from each community.
2. NSB’s Log of monthly average & peak data 1989, 1990 from NSB
3. NSB’s Log of monthly KWH FY 89/90 from NSB
4. NSB’s Tariff regulations from NSB
5. Monthly meter reading report one or two months typical from each community.
6. PCE Reports, three or four months typical form each community from AEA
7. Rural Utility Powerhouse Inventory
8. AEA Monthly PCE statistics report 7/89 to 4/90
9. Assorted Utility Meter Records
10. Dranetz printout approximately 30 days ending 10/27/90
11. Drawings: 3 sheets E1-E6, Lot S-1 "Electrical Distribution System Modifications:" by Coffman
Engineers, 1/2/85
NUIQSUT Page 25
Appendix A- continued
REFERENCES
1. "Economical Design of Primary Line for Rural Distribution System" REA 60-9
2. "Electrical Distribution Systems - Engineering Manual" EBASCO/Electrical World, Vol. 1,2,3
3. "Distribution Primary Analysis Systems" Software by HDR Engineering
4. GE "Guide for Installing GE Watt-hour meters," GET-2669J
NUIQSUT Page 26