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HomeMy WebLinkAboutWashability Characteristics of Low-Volatile Bituminous Coal From Bering River Field 1969COA 002 6961 Atonaqed 10266 4821 ‘2621|0D pysojy Jo Ayissaayup Auojos0g0] yosoasay Asjsnpul josaulW opy ows0yg *d 4q VsViv ‘131d VIAL ONS WOUd TVOD SNONIWNLIG INVIOA-MOT dO SDILSIWALOVYVHD ALIIGVHSVM IZ ‘ON vodey Tew oo | uy |, = rl Alaska Power Authority 334 W. 5th Ave. Anchorage, Alaska 99501 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to express his gratitude to Cortella Coal Corporation for supplying the coal samples used in this study. Thanks ave due to Dr. Donald J. Cook, Head, Department of Mineral Engineering and Earl H. Beistline, Dean, College of Earth Sciences and Mineral Industry for their guidance and direction. ABSTRACT Two samples of low-volatile bituminous coal from Bering River Coal Field were sized to 0.525" x 3, 3x 6, 6x 10, 10x 20, and 20 x 35 mesh and their washability characteristics studied at specific grovities ranging from 1.29 to 1.55. The results showed that the coals can be up-graded to an ash content as low as 2% with conventional cyclone heavy media process. A product containing less than 1% osh can be obtained from these coals with surprisingly high yields, ranging from 50 to 95% depending on the ash content desired in the washed coal, and the characteristics of the raw coal. The experimental work proves the technical feasibility of pre- poration of the coal for metallurgical use and as low ash carbon raw material. Further Pilot Plant testing would be required in the fields of preparation and utilization in order to design the final plant for as- certaining the economic feasibility. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWEEDGMENTS 2. 1 5 ee ve ee es ed ABSTRAGCE b) pile cet te) faeces a) a || 0 | 6) | te) | aera oye TABLE OF GONTERSi6: 6 62589 oe 6 0g ig oo ely LEST Gir WW s oe te) hoe lesias) eel 0) 3) elute cat area LIST OF ENGURES: 5a. ego aa do eae 2 geet INTRODUGTION. . 2920-5. 5 6s 4 eae SAMPLING AND SAMPLE PREPARATION. . « - - - + + 2 Sample teaubion 3 Gy a) a eh diay os ee Sample Preparation... . . 2 2 0» «0 wee. .e 2 WASHABILITY STUDIES. . i etm Ses, 9 Je) liga eae qaeae te tye) DISCUSSION OFRESILIS. 3 ca os er Fe Washability Characteristics , a 4 Goking Choracteristits 5 5°. 6, 4 us 6 MARKET POTENTIAL . 2. 2 2 6 6 ee iz, As Raw Material for Metallurgical Coke. 2 2. e 7 As Gow Aah Geel ooo ais teil ite: ve ee 7 Carbon Electrode Row Material . . 2 1 ee 8 Foreign Wika? 2 55 See es 8 Miscellaneous Potential Markets . 9: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS «. . « » - - 10 GONGINSIONS Fo as 75s cis ee ee oe ne ncammen@etiGNe: 6. 6266 co oo whe cae te ane REFERENCES: <6 occa io Seis (e als Be ey ie coe iv Table 10 W 12 13 LIST OF TABLES Size Analysis and Ash Distribution for Leeper Creek No. 1 Raw Coal, Bering River Field Size Analysis and Ash Distribution for Leeper Creek No. 2 Raw Coal, Bering River Field Sink-Float Results of 0.525" x 3 Mesh Size Coal, Leeper Creek No. 1, Bering River Field Sink-Float Results of 3 x 6 Mesh Size Coal, Leeper Creek No. 1, Bering River Field. : Sink-Float Results of 6 x 10 Mesh Size Coal, Leeper Creek No. 1, Bering River Field. Sink-Float Results of 10 x 20 Mesh Size Coal, Leeper Creek No. 1, Bering River Field. Sink-Float Results of 20 x 35 Mesh Size Coal, Leeper Creek No. 1, Bering River Field. " Sink-Float Results of 0.525" x 35 Mesh Size Coal, Leeper Creek No. 1, Bering River Field Sink-Float Results of 0.525" x 3 Mesh Size Coal, Leeper Creek No. 2, Bering River Field Sink-Float Results of 3 x 6 Mesh Size Coal, Leeper Creek No. 2, Bering River Field. . . «© - Sink-Float Results of 6 x 10 Mesh Size Coal, Leeper Creek No. 2, Bering River Field. Sink-Float Results of 10 x 20 Mesh Size Coal, Leeper Creek No. 2, Bering River Field. * Sink-Float Results of 20 x 35 Mesh Size Coal, Leeper Creek No. 2, Bering River Field. . . « « Page . 4 - ‘15 16 - 18 $20) “vee - 24 - 26 - 28 - 30 ae . 34 - 3 4 & 4 a4 " is AG pee Eos LIST OF TABLES (Cont.) Table Page 14 Sink-Float Results of 0.525" x 35 Mesh Size Coal, Leeper Creek No. 2, Bering River Field . . . . 38 15 Proximate Analysis of Raw Coal and 1.29 Sp.G. Pioch Serer. = ec ac er ee ee a vi Figure 10 VW 12 LIST OF FIGURES Washability Characteristics of 0,525" x 3 Mesh Size Coal, Leeper Creek No. 1, Bering River Field . Washability Characteristics of 3 x 6 Mesh Size Coal, Leeper Creek No. 1, Bering River Field Washability Characteristics of 6 x 10 Mesh Size Coal, Leeper Creek No. 1, Bering River Field Washability Characteristics of 10 x 20 Mesh Size Coal, Leeper Creek No. 1, Bering River Field . Washability Characteristics of 20 x 35 Mesh Size Coal, Leeper Creek No. 1, Bering River Field . Washability Characteristics of 0.525" x 35 Mesh Size Coal, Leeper Creek No. 1, Bering River Field . Washability Characteristics of 0.525" x 3 Mesh Size Coal, Leeper Creek No. 2, Bering River Field . Washability Characteristics of 3 x 6 Mesh Size Coal, Leeper Creek No. 2, Bering River Field Washobility Characteristics of 6 x 10 Mesh Size Coal, Leeper Creek No. 2, Bering River Field Washability Characteristics of 10 x 20 Mesh Size Coal, Leeper Creek No. 2, Bering River Field . Washobility Characteristics of 20 x 35 Mesh Size Coal, Leeper Creek No. 2, Bering River Field . Washability Characteristics of 0.525" x 35 Mesh Size Coal, Leeper Creek No. 2, Bering River Field . vii Page acer og . 21 a-28 - 2 pcar ae * a) - % 7 rx) INTRODUCTION Coal bearing formations in Bering River Coal Field are known to extend in an almost continuous belt in excess of a 50 square mile renee The coal varies in rank from low-volatile bituminous to semi-anthracite and anthracite. Although the field has been pros~ pected on surface and under-ground, no commerical exploitation has been done. Accurate estimates of the reserves are not available due to complex structure of the region and lack of thorough subsurface exploration. Cortella Coal Corporation of Cordova has recently launched a drilling program with o view of assessing the quality and extent reserves for foreign markets. Two of the samples obtained during their exploration program were sent to the Mineral Industry Research Labo- ratory for washability studies. The samples investigated represent a very limited portion of the Bering River Coal Field and the results, therefore, do not reflect the characteristics of the entire deposit. SAMPLING AND SAMPLE PREPARATION Sample Location The sample designated as Leeper Creek No. 1 was a drill sample at 800 foot level from Section 21, TI7S, R7E, NE 1/4 of Cordova (B-1) Quadrangle. The sample designated as Leeper Creek No. 2 was collected in a seemingly unweathered portion of a stripped seam at a depth of 14 feet from Section 15, TI7S, RIZE, SW 1/4, adjacent to the common corners of Sections 21, 22, 15, and 16 of Cordova (B-1) Quadrangle. Sample Preparation The samples received were mostly minus 1" with a small por- tion coarser than 1/2", The samples were screened on 0.525" screen and the oversize was crushed to pass the screen. Twenty pounds of each of the samples were screened on 3, 6, 10, 20, 35, and 200 mesh Tyler screens. The size distribution and analysis of the sized fractions is presented in Tables 1 and 2. For the size fractions used in wash- ability studies, the reported ash value is calculated by reassembling all the gravimetric fractions. The ash content of 35 x 200 and -200 mesh fractions were, however, obtained by direct analysis. WASHABILITY STUDIES The sized 0.525" x 3, 3x6, 6x 10, 10x 20, and 20 x 35 mesh fractions were used in washability studies. Separations were made at 1.290, 1.300, 1.325, 1.375, 1.400, 1,450, 1.500 ond 1,550 specific gravities, using mixtures of carbon tetrachloride and benzene as heavy liquid. Since the quantity of sinks obtained at 1,55 Sp.G. was small, no separations were made at higher specific gravities. The washability data of the various sized fractions ore presented in Tables 3 to 8 for Leeper Creek No. 1, and Tables 9 to 14 for Leeper Creek No. 2. Figures 1 to 14 show washobility curves for Leeper Creek No. 1 and No. 2. Raw coal samples and 1.29 Sp.G. floats of composite 0.525" x 35 mesh products were analyzed for ash, sulfur, volatile matter, heating value and free swelling index. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS Washability Characteristics The results show that the coals can be washed to an ash content as low as 2% using conventional heavy media cyclone process. Figure 6 shows the washability characteristics of recombined 0.525" x 35 mesh Leeper Creek No. 1 coal. It may be noted from the curves that the yield of clean coal, containing 2% osh, will be 90% (cumulative float ash curve), The sinks will analyze 32.8% ash (cumulative sink ash curve). The highest ash in any single particle will be 10% (elementary ash curve). The coal will have to be washed at a theoretical gravity of 1,364 (specific gravity curve). The +0.025 Sp.G. near gravity material will be 6.5% (+0.025 Sp.G. distribution curve). However, in a product containing 1% ash the predicted results would be: 64% yield of clean coal, 12.3% ash in sinks, separating gravity 1.297 with + 0.025 near gravity material in excess of 80%. Figure 12 shows the washability characteristics of combined 0,525" x 35 mesh Leeper Creek No. 2 coal. For clean coal con= taining 1% ash, the curves show 96.4% yield, 33% ash in sinks, 1.336 separating gravity at +0,025 near gravity material of 2.6%. These coals seem to offer additional possibility of amenability to the production of ultra clean coal containing less than 1% ash. The theoretical yield and ash content that can be expected at 1.29 Sp.G. separation for 0.525" x 35 mesh coal will be: Coal Ash, % Yield, % 25 Leeper Creek No. | 0.83 53. Leeper Creek No. 2 0.74 64,83 It would be of interest to note that the coals can be considered as unique in their amenability to production of ultra clean coal at a size ‘as coarse as 0.525" coupled with high yields. The washability data show a slight but insignificant reduction in near gravity material with decrease in size coal. There is, however, a very significant decrease in ash content for smaller size floats. The 1.29 Sp.G. floats for Leeper Creek No. 1 gave 0.95% ash for 0.525" x 3 mesh fraction and the ash content decreased to 0.63% for 20 x 35 mesh coal. Leeper Creek No. 2, however, gave 0.84% ash for 0.525" x 3 mesh fraction and the ash decreased to 0.65% for 20 x 35 mesh coal. It is, therefore, possible to obtain a lower overall osh content in clean coal when the raw coal is washed at a finer size. Although no testing was done for minus 35 mesh coal, flotation could yield a clean coal with much lower ash than attainable by heavy media process. Coking Characteristics Table 15 shows the proximate analysis of raw coal and 1,29 Sp.G. floats. Both coals fall in low-volatile bituminous rank. Leeper Creek No. 1 coal gave a free swelling index of 24 compared to an index of 2 for Leeper Creek No. 2. In both cases,the free swelling was higher for 1.29 Sp.G. floats giving 3} for Leeper Creek No. 1 and 3 for Leeper Creek No. 2 showing that washing can improve the swelling characteristics. The improvement will probably be less pronounced when washed at a higher specific gravity. MARKET POTENTIAL As Raw Material for Metallurgical Coke From the foregoing study it is concluded that the coals tested con readily be washed to meet the specificotion of a metallurgical coal and can possibly make an excellent blending coal, Additional pilot plant coking tests would be required for a characterization of the resultant coke. The possibility of preparation of ultra clean coal from the Bering River coals, could open new potential markets as low ash opel? Battelle Memorial Institute, under contract from the Office of Coal Research, has completed a study on the potential market for low ash coal, prepared by Spencer Solvent Process. (274) Their finding would apply equally well in the present context. A brief review of potential markets for low ash coal is given below. No attempt is made to establish the commerical feasibility of preparation of low ash coal from the coals tested nor the suitability of such low ash coal for the markets reviewed herein. Only pilot plant testing in both the above fields can establish the economic feasibility for such potential markets. Carbon Electrode Raw Material: Largest potential market for low ash coal appears to be as a raw material in the manufacture of carbon electrodes and graphite, for the aluminum industry in particular. This requirement is presently met by petroleum coke. The ever increasing demand for carbon filler material by the aluminum industry and decreasing quantities of residual stock produced by the petroleum refineries represents a step in the direction of possible potential market for low ash coal to fill the gap. Considering the total poten- tial market for carbon filler material as potential market for low ash coal, the tonnages estimated by Battelle Memorial Institute4)ore: 1970 2,150,000 Tons 1975 3,680,000 Tons 1980 3,220,000 Tons The possible reaction of producers of petroleum coke and the possibility of reduced prices of their products due to competition of coal has not been determined, Foreign Market: Low ash coal may be considered very favor- ably by the pollution conscious foreign buyers. Further, lower shipping costs on Btu basis for low ash coal could make it more attrac- tive. The foreign market might thus constitute one of the largest single outlet for low ash coal. Miscellaneous Potential Markets: Looking into the long range future, the potential markets for low ash coal could be gos turbine fuel, electric power generation, carbon black manufacture, blends with diesel oil for locomotives, low ash metallurgical coke, magneto- hydrodynamic power generation, and fuel cells. Some of these possi- bilities, although proven technically feasible, need to be evaluated from the aspect of the economics of utilization in each potential market. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Conclusions The coals studied can be washed to obtain a product containing as low as 2.0% ash using conventional cyclone heavy media process, Further reduction to less than 1% is possible with recoveries as high as 50 to 95%. A review of literature indicates potential markets for such low ash coal. Pilot Plant studies of preparation and utilization are required for an evaluation of economics. Float fractions obtained at 1.29 Sp.G. showed definite improvement in free swelling index over: the raw coals which would be advantageous in marketing washed coals for metallurgical use. Recommendations The following are recommendations for further research on the utilization of Bering River coals: 1. Bench scale coking tests be conducted with washed coals to determine the resultant coke quality and tests with blends with other coals if further improvement is needed. 2. Pilot Plant tests using heavy media cyclone and flotation process to determine practical limits of reduction in ash 10 for use as low ash coal. Tests to be conducted on prepared low ash coal for use in the manufacture of carbon electrodes for the production of aluminum and in other potential markets. Only such testing can determine the economics of utilization of these coals for such applications. uv REFERENCES 1. Barnes, F, F., "Coal Resources of Alaska," Geological Survey Bulletin 1242-B, 1967. 2. Campbell, R. J. Jr., Hilton, R. J., and Boyd, C. L., "Coal as @ Source of Electrode Carbon in Aluminum Production, " Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations 5191, February 1956. 3. Kloepper, D. L., et.al, “Solvent Processing of Coal to Produce De-Ashed Product," Research and Development Report No. 9, submitted by Spencer Chemical Division to Office of Coal Research, U.S. Dept. of Interior. 4. Nelson, H. W., Hein, G. M., and Hazard, H. R., “Assessment of Potential Markets for Low-Ash Coal," Report sub~ mitted by Battelle Memorial Institute to Office of Coal Research, U.S. Dept. of Interior, December 1964. a Sanner, W. S., "The Preparation of Low-Ash~Content Anthracite, " Preprint, Presented at AIME Annual Meeting, February 1968. 12 z8°% 00°O0L jel sly Z°e 78° 00°00L St"y. a4°e uae 00z Ae es°ZL 82% £9°96 ay 916 002 se él'y 6L°€Z% £9°% Ly" 28 cy 99°OL se 02 £8°€ gest v2 18°92 6z°€ 9L°SL 02 ol cere 8€°6S 61% S919 cre £0°12 ol 2 66°S Ly°78 80° z9°0" oz 60°€Z 9 € 78°% 00°00L $0°% es" Zt $0°% ea € u$ZS°O = ao a : a a BUI D4 2) Burssod bat Ae a at oats arias uaes9$ G13ld BAIN ONIYI “TVOD MV¥ Z “ON 433duD 83d337 YOd NOILNIYLSIG HSV GNV SISATWNV 4ZIS Zz avi - » a ly’s 00°O0L [eteL 02°Z lee ly’s 00°O0L 0Z°Z le°e ubd 002 rls 62°0L se°s 69°96 6s°8 86°9 002 SE Sls vost oL’s (2°68 SL°8 ee sé 0% BL°Z 6L°62% I8*y 96°18 Ze" SLL 0% oL 80°Z LO°LY ey 12°02 26°S 8l°sl ol 9 60°9 lyre 88°E £0°2s 6e"y vy" 9% 9 £ : ly's 00°001 Se 65°SZ Sve 65°SZ £ uSZS°0 % ‘YSY —% "IM % “YSY__% **IM % "YSY __ % ' "IM pauyojey Buysspg Bulssog aayyojnwn> Peuloyay BALyDjAWND SJONPOIg pajquassoay ysey /ezI1$ ueaslS 1314 Y3AIY ONIY3G “TVOD MV¥ L “ON 4338D Y3d3937 YOs NOLLNGIYLSIG HSY GNV SISATYNY 3ZIS i navi 15 14 NIS % ZALLYINWAD ee < ° Vv we N n z a = oO x a2 ce = o$ 3 ao =O ae co = Ho _ ig Se > =x a2 2 Vv $4 1 iG 5 ® u 2 = LVO14 % 3AILLVINWND sre 00°001 [P4OL 19°0S 8l°Z Sr°e 00°00L 19°0S siz 1 os¢*l 72° éy 1E2% or’z 78°26 £9°SZ £L°0 oss*l oos*L 19° Ly yy FEC 69°L6 76°8L €L°0 Oos*L = Osr'L 8i°Sr €9°% ve°~ 95° L6 6l°Fl 6L°0 OSy*L OOr'L 69° 68°ZE cr ce°% LE°L6 9S°Z1 6s" oor’ L SZe"l 00°S $9°@ e9°L Sl°Z 82°S6 86°6 lye SZe°L = ose’l ve°ol ol’st 9S°¥L BL L0°% 6L°9 £6°9 Ose*lL Ssze°l 2 eS" re 6's Qi°ce wee vr'ss Z0°€ 09° ZL Sze" OO€°L vy Ss 8e°Z 78 °8é 90°L v8°L9 20°% 99°9 QOE*L O06Z°L Sr'e 00°00L $6°0 B8L°l9 $6°0 BL°Lg9 062° L : % *|P14940W % “ysy_% "4M % “4SY__-% 71M %"USY__% "4M feo “2 ‘ds Sz0°OF HUIS BAryDj]AWAD 4DO{4 eALyo]NWAD SyONPOdg JON JADIS) D1y1990S (JBOD MOY 40 %ES*SZ) G1ald Y3AIY ONIYRG ‘1 “ON 433YD Y3d371 “1WOD 4ZIS HS3W € * wSZS"O JO SLINSIY LVOTS-ANIS e navi XANIS % JAILVINWND x 6 .o} a N yn” = % 29 x2 oe a oF 3 =O az 155 2 U. ee ; 52 mis Se 2 UV os 3e Sy i nN a » ® un e 1VOl14 % SAILWINWND 62° 00001 {401 a St°ly LOE 6c°¥ 00°00L St’ ly LOE oss*L = LO°SY le"y 1Ss°é £0°96 12°22. ve" oss*t oos*l = S8°ey 99°F cre 69°S6 LE1% se" oos*t § osr'l = €or oes se°z ¥E'S6 9E°9L ¥9°0 Osy*t OOF’ L es°k Ze VE 18°9 9S. 0L°¥6 es*Z1 ig oor’L = SZe°L 6L°E 72°82 60°6 60°% 61°€6 00°OL 82°7 SZe°l Ose’l 6l°s 086 oo°*st é68°l 16°06 98°9 16°¢ ose*l sze°l 2 65°27 ez Lh Bole gs*l 00°S8 zs°e 89°9L Sze*l O0e*l 00°S8 62°83 vy OV 4o'l ze°89 £6°1 92L° 71 OOE*L O067°L : 62°F 00°00L 78°0 9G°ES 78°0 9s°es 062° L % *|P13940W_ % 7YSY % "IM % “YSY % "3M % “YS % "IM yoojd us "ds ¢Z0 0+ HUIS OALDjAWAD 400) 4 eAyjojAwN>, SNPOIg |ONIOY Ayaosd 21519905 (J20D MOY JO %¥y"9Z) G1ald Y3AIY ONIYRG ‘| “ON 4338D Y39d3T1 . “IVOD 3ZIS HS3W 9 X € JO SLINSRY LVOTS-NIS y navi ANIS % JAILYINWNAD S 1VO14 % 3ALLVINWNDS 1, BERING RIVER FIELD WASHABILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF 6 x 10 MESH SIZE COAL, LEEPER CREEK NO. FIGURE 3 - 26°S 00°O0L [P40L = Os'Zy =28°9 z6°S 00°O0L os" Ly 79 oss" ‘ a wS°Sh HS*L 88°Z 8L°€6 66°97 zZ°0 oss*t = o00s*L = Sy’ey = 928 69°% OF °76 20°2 zL°0 oos*t §=osr'L = 90°0v Lv" SZ vL16 9 OL 12°t osr*l = o0r'l “45% Oe°se = wh LL sez €S°06 or'zL L6°1 oor’t = sZe°L “34 LL°0E = PE HL Ze 95°88 £9°6 06°% SZ°l Ose*L ve°L vO'VZ = 8E°SL ail 99°S8 8Z2°9 v0°S Ose*lL Sze 1o°sL S6°Sl SE°ZE 9S" L 79°08 98°€ 46°71 SZE°L = OOE*L Z9°08 £8°OL £6°0S ZL S9°L9 £0°% 8s"sl OOf*L = 06z2°L 26'S 00°O0L 82°0 LO°6r 8Z°0 10°64 062° L % *|D14a40W % "YS % * "3M % *YSY —% * "IM %"YSY % * "4M 4090/4 urs *2"ds ozo 4UIS eAIyD|AWIND 400} aA1yojAwA> syoNpodg [ONY Seis Sarthe (JBOD MEY JO %B1“BL) 131d Y3AIY ONIYAG “L “ON 33ND Y39d39397 “1WOD 3ZIS HSAW OL ¥ 9 SO SLINSIY LYOTS-NNIS s navi 21 20 ANIS % JALLVINWND TELS = 23 FIGURE 4 - WASHABILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF 10 x 20 MESH SIZE COAL, LEEPER CREEK NO. 1, BERING RIVER FIELD 1VOld % 3AILWINWND tL 00°001 joy = Lvly = 868 tL 00°00L Lly 86°8 oss*L = sLivy = 201 LE ZO°L6 L°lt 6z"L oss*t oos*L = Wey vil £6°% £2°68 0€°2z Zul oos*t = osr'l = 6r°6E 96 ZL £9°% 95°88 02°21 zs"t osr’l 0dr 6r°% lW°9E —69°HL cre ¥0°28 SZ°el eZ°l oor’t = sZe°l Zg°¢ 68°0E = €S BL 02°% le"ss 08°6 vB°€ SZe*l ose “lL 02°8 88°SZ = GEEZ vel Lvs vL°9 By ose*t = szerl 22 s8°sl zO"8L = BE" LE es°L 19°92 8Z°€ 66°EL sze*t o0e*l 19°92 ZU le°zs £0°L z9°%9 4% £6"rl Qoe*t = 06z"t cL 00°00L 02°0 69° Ly 02°0 69° L¥ 062° L % *|O14940W_ % "YSW % *"4M % ‘ySY _% **4M % ‘YSY __% **4M wool 15 *2°dS CZ0°O+ UIs aaryojnwn> 400} 4 SAlyO]AWAD SONposg jONOW Ayavsd 21419005 (JBOD MOY JO %GZ" LL) Giald Y3AIY ONIYIG ‘LE “ON 433YD Y3d337 “JWOD 3ZIS HS3IW 02 * OL JO SLINSIY LYOTS-ANIS 9 navi XNIS % SAILVINWND Br seo on < ° UV He N 4 = 6 = Ba xg a se ne Lo a2Zz re an N ee oo 0 OZ Ex aH ao < ae 34 : “ a ae 9 = segs 1VO14 % 3AILVINWND : s.°s 00°00L JP4OL = Lo°8y 9S°OL sls 00°00L LS°8Y 9S°OL oss*L = eo 06" LL 8e°e yy 68 Be verL oss*t oos'l > 99° ey 9E°El lo°e ol’se 28°27 ok cos’! osr’l = 22 "OV se°sl 89°% 99°98 LL°Zh 66°L osy*l Odr'l 2°7 62° ZE ra Aa Ay E'S S9°r8 SZEL a Oor'l SZel 6s"¥ 8s ee y6°6L 60°% 82°78 9LOL 7L°7 SZE°L Ose’l sZ°Z 12°82 L6°¥% 78° 90°08 769 €0°S ose*l Sze a to°st s8"él S6°LE srk €0°SZ 8Z°€ 86°21 SZE"L = OOE*L €0°SZ ely eZ°ss 00°! 0°29 l6rl 8Z°Zl OOE*L 06771 SL°8 00°001 £9°0 Loy £9°0 Levy 062° 1 : % *|P14a4OW_ % “YsY % "IM % “YSY % “IM % ‘YSY % “IM 4D0}4 urs Os 600+ UIs BALyDjnWND 400} 4 SALyD]AWAD syNpoig jon} Ayyansd) 21519 2d5 . (JBOD MOY JO %GZ"Z) 131d Y3AIY ONIYRG “LON 433¥D Y3d997 “JWOD 3ZIS HS3W SE X OZ JO S11INSIY LVOTS-ANIS znavl ANIS % JAILVINWND x 35 MESH SIZE COAL, LEEPER CREEK NO. 1, BERING RIVER FIELD FIGURE 6 - WASHABILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF 0.525" 1vO1d % 3AILYINWNDS ols 00°00L [evox = ely 9's ols 00°00L v9 Ly 9°S oss" : = £6°SP €8°¢ Lt _¥L'¥6 9° Le £5°0 oss*t oos*L = l8"ey 6e°9 L5°% LL°¥6 ¥6°1Z 95°0 oos*t = osr"L 7 6S°0¥ S2°L sve 19°€6 LOL 98°0 Osr’t oor" L0°% £e°Se ¥6°8 ze°% SL°%6 £971 v1 OOr*l SZe°L Fy 66°82 LoL eL% 90°16 06°6 L6°% SZe"l OSse*l 8Z°8 ZL°12 eL°LL al 60°88 18°9 ls"¢ OSse’L szerk €€°lz 02°EL v2°E es" lL 82°78 ar’t zs*sl SZE"l O0E*L 87°78 96°6 SL°OV 90°L 92°99 - 00°% is"eL OOE*L 06271 OL’s 00°00 €8°0 SZ°ES £8°0 Sz"es 062° L “% “[P181OW_ % YY % IM % YY % IM % UY % IM word us “2 °dS Sz0"O+ UIs BALyDINWAD 420} 4 @AI4D]NWAD SYONPOsg JONJDY 1ADID) d1y1900¢ (10D MEY 4° %1 2°68) G1ald Y3AIY ONIN “L “ON 433989 Y3d357 “1VOD AZIS HS3W SE X uSZS"O JO SLINSIY LVOTS-ANIS gnavi 27 2. ANIS % 3AILVINWND ¥ 3 a + 1VO1d % 3AILVINWND FIGURE 7 - WASHABILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF 0.525" x 3 MESH SIZE COAL, LEEPER CREEK NO, 2, BERING RIVER FIELD 0° 00°00 JO4OL - soos 920 $0°% 00°00L soos =—-920 oss"L - 9e°8y 180 Bl 9266 ze"ez = $0°0 oss*l 00S"L 7 se"ey = 96°0 L491 61°66 €7°6l S10 00s" = OSr'L = ee"se = EEL y9"l v0" 66 LES 28 osr’L = OOF"L es" v0 = 89°L 6s"L —-£9°86 Cll. “SE°0 oorl = SEL ge"l €L°%Z 89° 95°l 28°86 92°6 00°L SZe"l ose'l 6s" zL'ylLe°S Syl = -ze"L6 ovo 6s°z ose’l = Szek 0z°ZL zyL 88°F vel ez" ze 19°6 Sze" 008*L £296 6l'y = 20°98 Uk 21's z6'L viz OOE"L 062" L $0°Z 00°00 v8°0 = 86°£9 v8°0 86°€9 06z"t % *|O14940\_ % “YSY _% "IM % “YSY__% “IM %"YSY__% * "IM 400}3 US *O"dS Sz0"O+ UES @ADjNWAD 40] 4 eAryojnwinD syonpoig ONY Ayaoss o1g190d5 (JP0D Moy Jo %ES*ZL) 13d Y3AIY ONINIG “Z “ON 433YD Y3d377 “JWOD 3ZIS HSAW € * uSZS°O JO SLINSIY LYOTS-ANIS 6a71avl 28 ANIS % JALLYINWND a < 3 vo ws N a x= 5 = 03 “= at 5§ ne Vv Be 2Z aa =o GZ Es ao ge S4 ‘ ao e 2 = iz ee 1VO1d % 3AILYINWND ron e oz 00°00L [P40 - vey = 6L°0 ol’z = 00" 00L veby = 6L°0 oss" t - os'9y = ov'0 eZ" 1 12°66 €s°9% LL"o oss*t 00s"L - ve'ly el'l OL*L = OL"66 B8"lZ = €Z"0 oos*t orl 7 eve LoL 99°L = £8°86 “v°9L wv osr’lL = 00r"L 2270 86°82 407 6S°L 86 B6"lL 0S oor*L §=sZe"h 9e°1 9EZ CBT vS°L = 86°L6 es°é 98°0 SZe"L OSE'L zs"e sist 65S ly L0°L6 GE:9. 99°% ose’L = Sze"L 3 voll wl. «er eel ly"¥6 eve 82°6 Sze"l O0E"L lv"¥6 CF 4 Ol’L = 1°88 90°% 6y°2Z OOf*L 06Z"L ol’z == 00001 9£°0 99°79 92°0 99°29 0621 % *|D14940W_ % ‘ysY —% *"IM % “YS % * "IM % YSY % 71M 4P0j3 BS *O*ds Sz0"O+ UIs eAlyDjAWAD 400}4 aAryDjAWND SJONPOsg jONJOW KAyaoid a15:90d5 (1P0D MEY JO %60"EZ) Giald YBAIY ONIYI@ ‘Z “ON 33ND Y3d337 “1WOD 3ZIS HSIW 9 X € JO SLINSIY LVOTA-NNIS ol NevL ee Gald YIAIY ONIYIS ‘Z “ON 433YD 839d337 “JWOD 3ZIS HSIW OL X 9 JO SDILSIYILOVYVHD ALITIGVHSVM ~- 6 BNO jeter bat Teas) Peete Esky Ts XNIS % JAILVINWND 1VO14 % JAILYINWND jos 00°00L 4 ey oss" £2" 78° 7S 00°00L 7% cy el &% 78° 9S et oss" 0 él 68°97 22°86 ei are 80°1s 00s" pa | 0e"o Or le 85°86 zL°L zZ°L 76° L¥ oor’ lt osr*L 82°86 es"st 09°0 9971 zee 20°8€ sZe"l 69°0 oor"t gs" Lt 89°L6 ok 8S lo" £0°2e 66°0 ose*h SZe"L 82°L “U°6 66°96 os*L 6c"y ve°SZ L26°1 Sze*h ose*L es°% ze"9 12°S6 orl 78°9 z"8t 18°e o0e*L Sze 8L°es 8r°e £16 Zv'l S6°Sl 82°6 99° LL 78°02 OOe*L 06z°L 9671 SO°¥8 £0°L “9€ LZ *s 8L°t6 €2°€9 062° L z2°0 £2°€9 zZ°0 “ool cre IS Ayranig 2141980S 4poj4 TIM % SJONPOJg JONIOY % a 4PO|4 2A1yOj;AWAD % ‘YSY _% **4M % “YS % * IM UIs eAlyojnWAD JOLsayoy 7 *9°"ds SZ0" 0+ % (J20D MEY 40 %EO* LZ) G13ld YSAIY ONIYIG ‘Z “ON 433Y%D ¥3d331 1WOD 3ZIS HS3W OL * 9 JO SLINS3Y LVO1S-ANIS 4 LL TIeVL ANIS % 3AILYINWND wt < ° UO Z N nw 5 6 = Ra x a et 5 o a =O az ce oe : * = N 3% ° bz > 58 3 oO 3o & $4 ; 2 a — Q z= c 62°E 00°00L [P4OL = 0°29 We 6Z°E 00°00L 0°29 We oss*L ¥ L0°6S 69°7 (8°L vS°L6 Se" €2°0 oss*t oos*L - ¥S°¥S 90°E SZ°l 1€°L6 Is"lz 4°0 oos*L = Osr'L = St°Sy 86°E “Lvl 96°96 St*vl 76°0 Osr*l = =O0r*L 62°L 82° 6E \8°r ss" 70°96 ZZ°OL €8°0 Oor"lL §=SZe°L vee 06° LE ze°9 “yl 6L°S6 8e°s is*L SZe"l Ose'l Soy A 4 a) L 89°E6 srs ye Ose*L Sze*L 3 28°0l 6S" ¥L Si°ZL 21 5°06 cl’ ZL°L SZE"L OOE*L ¥S°06 z9°8 LL°7E $6°0 78°78 $0°% 6s°SL OOE*L O62°L 62°E 00°00L 69°0 €2°L9 69°0 €2°2L9 062°L : % *|O149;0W_ % “YSY __% 7AM % “YS __% *"4M %USY % “71M 4p0}4 lu “9O"ds sz0"OF UES PALD|NUIND 400}4 @A1yDjAWIND S}9npoag jONIDY Ayaosd 91519005 . (10D MEY 4 %9I SL) 1314 Y3AIY ONIYIG ‘Z “ON 4339YD Y3d397 “1WOD 3ZIS HS3W 0Z * OL dO SLINS3Y LVOTS-ANIS ZL navi NIS % JAILVINWAD Te on < ° UO 4 N = = a = Ba xi gt 5§ 3 a o& 5 ae s “_ ac 5g > zx 35 z ES tw 34 ; » « = o 2 vos ee JANMINWAD . , eo"r 00°O0L [P40] a 85°79 00°F 2e'y 00°O0L 8S°r9 00°F oss*L — 8°79 vey OZ*L 00°96 cr 9% vZ°0 oss*t = oos’L ” ¥S°8S LY°Y 77° 1 92L°S6 6L°0% ero oos*L §=osr'L - LL°os VL’S 9S" L 97°S6 82°EL Lo’l OSr*l = GOr"L Sr'l 9° ry o9°9 ark 92°¥6 8Z°OL 16°0 OOor’L = SZe°L £9°Z Si°Ze L£°8 ve'l SE°E6 €0°8 Zi"t SZe°l Ose" 6L°S 68°22 vert 1Z°L 9°16 9S°S “ve ose’! Sze°l 3 90°0L 6L°6L erst v0'L 9°88 65° 6s°9 SZE"L = QOE*L 91°88 g8°ZL 92°62 28°0 a's €0°% (8°OL QOE*L 062°L wy 00°00L 99°0 92°02 $9°0 9L°0L 067°L a % *[O1494DW_ % "YSY % "IM % ‘ysy % “IM % "YS % “IM 400} 4 urs *O°dS $z0"O+ AUS @AlyojnwiND 400}4 @AL4OjNWND S}ONPoJg JONI HIADID) 914199ds (POD MEY Jo %99"O1) 13d Y3AIY ONIYRG ‘Z “ON 433YD Y3d337 “IWOD 3ZIS HS3W SE x OZ JO SLINS3Y LVOTI-ANIS 1 €l Tvl - ANIS % 3ALLVINWND istic Bs EH Hsia se FIGURE 12 - WASHABILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF 0.525" x 35 MESH SIZE COAL, a £6°0 €8°1 lor IS" LL vL°76 % *1P11OW_ “O°ds ¢Z0"OF 4IVO14 % 3AILWINWND £9°% 00°001 [PHOL ig'eg ZS°L €9°Z 00°01 1978s ZS oss"t sass ELL yLL —-€h"86 19°9% —9L'0 oss*l 00st 16°05 LOZ OL 1. 4°86 COT ad oos*l = ose ty ENT sol 66°L6 ze'yl = z9°0 osr*L 00%" L WW°9E STE S11 4° Sell ero Oor’l §=SZe"L 96°82 WY OSL = S296 88°8 17k sfe"l ose'l B02. 9t"Z IL ¥S°S6 v0'9 4 ose’L Sze" go'll = Z6°SL Bl WER 9s" 128 Sze"l 0081 zo. dase £0" —- €0°¥8 00°% 02"6L OOE*L © 06z"L €9°% — 00°00L vZ°0 «EB "¥9 ¥Z°0 £8" © 06z"L % 7USY % IM % UY % IM % UY % 7AM 400]4 urs HUIS @ALyDjAWN 490] 3 @AyyDjAWIAD, sNpodg [ONY Ayyaosd 21919805 (jP0D MOY JO %Z¥* 28) 131d Y3AIY ONIN3S “Z “ON 433YD Y3d351 “TWOD 3ZIS HS3W SE * »SZS°O JO SLINSIY LVOIS-ANIS yi Navi LEEPER CREEK NO. 2, BERING RIVER FIELD 39 on SIsDq Ba1j YSO {SIOW “Y $1S0q ej YSO PUD BINYSIOW “E sisoq Aig *Z sisoq eunysiow peg “| aunysiow peg pesouqs| nbz» osz‘st - - = - - ¥ z ‘ON € LLL'SL is*s8 érvl zZ°0 “ - £ yee4D sodee] 199°SL £8°¥8 éevl 1270 yZ°0 + z syo sO °dS 62" L Lov’st 9r°e8 Sivl 02°0 £2°0 99° 1 Ll YseW SE X WSZS"O sez’st - - - - - ¥ LON ze 89Z’SL 89°48 ze"st zZ°0 * . € yeorD Jodee] £e9'S1 86°€8 6l°SL 1270 €8°0 A z syo4*O°dS 62"L owe'sL Ly°%8 16"vl 02°0 z8°0 98° 1 l Ysew SE * uSZS°O 089’St - x = : - v z 6e2’Sl 6e°S8 19° ¥L z8°0 eS 3 £ Z°ON €0¢ ‘SL €0°€8 oz"¥k 62°0 Lz - z ypeuD Jadoo] tv0’SL 19° Ls 96°EL 8Z°0 zL°% ZL t Jpop Moy 069’SL - - - - - v z 6sZ’‘SL Si"¥8 se"sl zerl : - € L °ON 108 ‘#1 £0°6L 88"vl ve"L 60°9 - z yeerD Jedeo] 98S ‘FL 68° ZL 99°F zz't 00°9 sv l [pop MOY xepu| 4g % % % % % 5190 1205 Bur|}ams LAN uoqin> J2440/W 4nyjnS usy 4 21NYSIOW eel Buijoa} pexid BIHOJOA peg S31dWVS LYO1d “O'dS 67°L GNV WOD MV dO SISATVNY 3LVWIXOUd st 318VvL Loses exseiv ‘ebesoyouy ‘aay UIS “M VEE Ayuouyny 18M0d BxSBIV 30 ALWAdOUd