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Village End Use Technology Assessment For Western Arctic Coal Development Project 1985
Alaska Energy Authority = LIBRARY COPY 054 85TRS6 VILLAGE END USE TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT FOR WESTERN ARCTIC COAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT October 22, 1985 Prepared for: Arctic Slope Consulting Engineers 313 E. Street, Suite 2 Anchorage, Alaska 99501 Prepared by: Mechanical Technology Incorporated 968 Albany-Shaker Road Latham, New York 12110 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION LIST OF FIGURES . LIST OF TABLES .. 2 «© 2 © © © © ee we eee 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . «. «2s «© © © we we we ew we 2.0 INTRODUCTION . 2. ee ee ee ee ee eee 2.1 Background . . . 2 2 2 © © ee ew ew we we 2.2 Purpose . +2. +6 ee ee eee eee eee 2.3 Scope of Work . 2. 2 ee ee eee eee 2.4 Source of Information .....-e eee 3.0 METHODOLOGY . . . + © © © © © © ee we ee we 3.1 Objective 2... 2. ee ee ew we wee 3.2 Approach... 2 1 ee ee ee ee eee 3.3 Limitations . 2... ee eee ee eee 3.4 Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 VILLAGE ASSESSMENT . «2 ee © we we we we wwe 4.1 Investigation of Other Arctic Communities 4.2 Kivalina . 2. 2 2 ee eee ee ew ewe 4.3 Nome . . 2. 2 2 2 2 ee we ew ew ew ew ew wwe 5.0 TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT . «. «© 2 2 © ee we we ew ew \ 5.1 Assumptions and Evaluation Criteria .. 5.1.1 Assumptions... +... see eee 5.1.2 Evaluation Criteria. .....-. | 5.2 Power Conversion Technologies ..... 5.2.1 Simple Brayton Cycle .....- 5.2.1.1 Description .....e-. 5.2.1.2 Status of the Technology ii PAGE vi vii 1-1 3-1 aot 5-1 5-2 5-4 5-6 5-6 5-11 CoA ost\ SECTION 5.3 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.2.5 Steam-In 5.2.2.1 5.2.2.2 Steam Ra 5.2.3.1 5.2.3.2 Organic 5.2.4.1 5.2.4.2 Stirling 5.2.5.1 5.2.5.2 Coal Combustion 5.3.1 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.3.4 5.3.5 Pulveriz 5.3.1.1 5.3.1.2 5.3.1.3 Fluidize 5.3.2.1 5.3.2.2 5.3.2.3 Underfee 5.3.3.1 5.3.3.2 5.3.3.3 Chain Gr. 5.3.4.1 5.3.4.2 5.3.4.3 Spreader 5.3.5.1 5.3.5.2 5.3.5.3 jected Brayton Cycle . Description ..... Status of the Technology mkine Cycle .....-. Description ..... Status of the Technology . Rankine Cycles ... Description ..... Status of the Technology Gyele . «+ 1 6 « we Description ..... Status of the Technology Technologies ..... ed Coal Combustion .. Description ..... Applicability .... Economic Attractiveness d-Bed Combustion ... Description ..... Applicability .... Economic Attractiveness @ Stoker . ee ew ee Description ..... Applicability .... Economic Attractiveness ate Stokers .... Description ..... Applicability .... Economic Attractiveness Stokers ...-. eee Description ..... Applicability .... Economic Attractiveness iii . . PAGE 5-13 5-13 a719 5-15 5-15 5-16 5-16 5-16 3-23 5-23 on23 5-24 5-26 3°87 one. 5-27 5-29 5=29 3-29 S=31 oot 5-32 3~32 5-34 5-34 5-35 3-39 5-35 5237 5-38 5-38 5-40 5-41 SECTION 6.0 7.0 5.4 Heating Technologies... 1. 1. ee eee ee ewes 5.4.1 5.4.2 5.4.3 District Heating Systems ........22-e Coal-Fired Stoves and Furnaces ....... Electric Resistance Heating ........e-. 5.5 Technology Matrix . 2... 2. 2 ee eee eee eee 5.6 Environmental Considerations . .......se se eee INSTALLATION DESIGN... 2 we we ee ee ee ew ee we ewe 6.1 Kivalina . 2. 2. 2. 2 2 2 ee ew we we ew wee we wo ew ew 6.1.1 6.1.2 6.1.3 6.2 Nome . 6.2.1 6.2.2 6.2.3 Existing Power and Heating Facilities .... Energy Consumption .... +... eee eee Selected Options to Meet Energy Requirements 6.1.3.1 Brayton Cycle System........ 6.1.3.2 District Heating .......... Existing Power and Heating Facilities... . Energy Consumption .... eee eee eee Selected Options to Meet Energy Requirements 6.2.3.1 Steam Rankine Cycle System. .... 6.2.3.2 Steam-Injected Brayton Cycle .... 6.2.3.3 District Heating .........2. 6.2.3.4 Individual Heating Options ..... ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT . . . 2 ee ee ee ee we ee ew ew 7.1 Economic Model and Assumptions .........ee- 7.2 Kivalina . 2. 1 2 0 ew we ew we ew we we we we we ww wo 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.3 Nome . 7.3.1 7.3.2 Options . . 2. 2. 2 ee ew we we we we we eee Results of Evaluations .......2-. eee Options . 2.2. 1 se ee ew ww et we we ww Results of Evaluation... ... 222 eee 7.4 Interconnecting Power Grid... 1. 2 ee eee wee 7.5 Sensitivity Analysis . 2... ee ee eee ew ew ne iv PAGE 5-41 5-41 5-49 5-55 5-55 5-58 6-1 6-1 6-2 6-2 6-2 6-8 6-11 6-11 6-11 6-13 6-13 6-19 6-28 6-34 7-1 71 ¥=4 75 7-5 7-9 71-9 7-9 7-14 7-17 SECTION 8.0 9.0 RECOMMENDATIONS . . 2 «© «© © © © © oe © ee ee we ww we ew REFERENCES . «ss «© © © © © © eo ee oe ew ee ew we we ee APPENDIX A DATA FROM TOUR OF ALASKAN COAL BURNING APPENDIX B APPENDIX C APPENDIX D APPENDIX E APPENDIX F APPENDIX G APPENDIX H APPENDIX J APPENDIX K APPENDIX L APPENDIX M POWER PLANTS . 2 2 © © © © © © © © © © © ew ew ew ew COAL-FIRED DIESELS ... 2.4 2 2 e+ © © ee we we we EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE WITH EXTERNALLY FIRED BRAYTON CYCLES . 2. 2 se 2 ee ee ee eee ee we COMPARISON OF GAS TURBINE AND DIESEL GENERATOR SETS «. 2 2 «© © © © © ee ew we we ew wwe COMPUTER DOCUMENTATION: THE ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL .... +e 6 © «© ee we ee KIVALINA - ECONOMIC MODEL RESULTS . ......s6-e NOME - ECONOMIC MODEL RESULTS . . .~. 2. es ee ee KIVALINA - COAL POWER PLANT EQUIPMENT COSTING... NOME - COAL POWER PLANT EQUIPMENT COSTING .... . DISTRICT HEATING EQUIPMENT COSTS .....+2+-e+6-s BROCHURES OF INDIVIDUAL COAL UNITS .....+.e.s-s COMMUNITY INPUT . «2 2 se © © ee we ee we we eww PAGE 8-1 1 B-1 c-1 J=} K-1 NUMBER 5-8 5-9 5-10 5-i1 512 5-13 5-14 5-15 5-16 6-1 6-2 6-3 6-4 LIST OF FIGURES Selected Market Plan for Start-up Production Level ...... - Estimated Coal Prices .. 2. 2 + ee ee © © oe we we we ew we ww Thermodynamic Potential of Engines . . . » 2 e+ + ee © © we ee Brayton Cycle (4316-kWe Installation at Nome) ....+ ++ +s Brayton Cycle (180-kWe Installation at Kivalina) .......- Steam-Injected Brayton Cycle (3460-kW. Installation at Nome) . . Rankine Steam Cycle (4200-kWe Installation at Nome) .....-s Rankine Steam Cycle (180-kWe Installation at Kivalina) ..... Steam Turbine-Generator Heat Rate vs Output and Steam Conditions . 2... 2 ee ee ee ee ew ee ee ee ew Organic Rankine Cycle (4200-kW. Installation at Nome) ..... Organic Rankine Cycle (180-kWe Installation at Kivalina) .... Underfeed Stoker . 2. 1 2 6 6 ee ee ee ee we ew we ee we ee Chain Grate Stoker . 2. 2 ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ew Spreader Stoker with Continuous Ash Discharge Grate .....- Principal Flow Diagram of Consumer Equipment for Commercial/ Institutional Air-Conditioned Buildings ..... +s sees District Heat Metering Center ... 2. 26 ee ee ee eee eee Performance Parameters of Coal/Wood Burning Stoves ......-. Electric Baseboard Heaters . 2. «ee ee ee ee ee ee eee Brayton Cycle (180-kWe Installation at Kivalina) ..... 2... Conceptual Equipment Layout for Kivalina; 180-kWe, Coal-Fired Simple Air Cycle . . 2 1 ee ee ee ee ee ew ee ee ee Conceptual Power Plant Layout for Kivalina; 180-kWe, Coal-Fired Simple Air Cycle . 2 2 2 ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee Staffing and Operations Summary for Kivalina Air Cycle Power Plant «2 ee 2 © ee ee ee ee ee ww we we we ww Rankine Steam Cycle (4200-kWe Installation at Nome) .....- Conceptual Power Plant Layout for Nome; 4200-kWe Steam Rankine Cycle .. 2 2 ee ee ee eee ee eee ee ee ee vi PAGE 2-2 3-3 375 5-9 5-10 5-14 3-17 5-18 5-19 5=21 5-22 5-33 5-36 5-39 5-46 5-47 5-54 5-56 6-3 6-4 6-6 6-9 6-14 6-15 6-10 6-11 6-12 6-13 Conceptual Equipment Layout for Steam Turbine/Condenser for Nome Typical Staffing for 5- to 20-MWe Coal (Steam) Power Plant... Steam-Injected Brayton Cycle Power Plant (3460-kWe Installation Ot Mmb) 0. 5 cu ee te 8 ww tw tw tt tw ew th tw Conceptual Equipment Arrangement for a 3460-kWe Steam-Injected Brayton Cycle Coal Power Plant at Nome . . « «+ «+ «© «© ew ew we we Conceptual Plant Layout for a Steam-Injected Brayton Cycle Coal Power Plant at Nome . . 2. 6 «© © © © © © we we we we we ew ww ww Typical Staffing for Coal Air-Cycle Power Plant ....... Location of Plant and Distribution to Elementary School and Hospital . .. 2. 2. 2. eee cer cee cee eee ee ew Effect of Anticipated Range of Oil Prices on the Cost of Power . Effect of Price of Coal on Cost of Electric Power ......-s Schematic of Closed-Cycle Turbine Circuit .....2.se ee eee Schematic of Coal-Fired Air Heater . 2. 1. ee ee ee eee eene Photograph of Ravensburg Plant . . 2. «6 + ee ee ee we we wwe 2000-dW CCGT Air Heater Undergoing Erection on Site ...... Oberhausen I Plant, Showing Two Radiant Sections of Heater... Blast Furnace Gas-Fired Air Heater for 12,000-kW CCGT Plant in Nippon Kokan Steel Works (Japan) . . 1... 2. ee ee ee eee Air Heater at Haus Aden . . 2. 2 2 0 2 0 0 0 ow ww oe te we vii PAGE 6-16 6-20 6-21 6-22 6-23 6-27 6-31 7-21 723 Cc-3 c-5 c-10 c-10 c-10 c-10 NUMBER 3-1 3-2 5-1 5-2 5-3 5-4 5-5 5-6 LIST OF TABLES Assumed Factors .. « « « «© © © © © © © © © © © © oe we ew ww ww Fuel Oil Prices 2... 2. 2 ee ee ew we ew we we we we ww we ww ww Selected Coal Characteristics .... 2 ee eee ee ee eee Power Cycle Summary: Nome (4200 kWe) . Power Cycle Summary: Kivalina (180 kWe) . 2. 2 ee ee ee eee Coal Combustion Technologies . . 2. 2. 6 2 ee ee eee ee eee Comparison of Water and Steam As a Heat Transfer Medium .... Conceptual Price Levels of Different Heat Appliances in the U.S. Market . . . . « «+ « « « « © © © © eo ee ew we we ee ee Technology Rating . 2. 1. 2+ ee ee ee we ee ee eee ee eee Plant Internal Electrical Loads (Simple Air Cycle at Kivalina) . 1984 Space Heat Fuel Oil Consumption Data for Large Buildings in Nome, Alaska . 2. 2 6 «© © © © © © © we ew we we we we ww ee ew Plant Internal Electrical Loads (Rankine Cycle at Nome) .... Plant Internal Electrical Load (Steam-Injected Brayton Cycle at Nome) . 2 2 ee ce ewe we we ewe wwe we wee ewe wee ene Heating Requirements for City-Owned Buildings .... +. eee Nome District Heating System Parameters ... +. see ee eee Financial Analysis Model . . 2. 2 2 2 ee ee ee eee eee ee Kivalina System Options and Installation Costs . ...+.+-ee-e Results from Kivalina Evaluations . . 2. 2s ee ee eee eee Nome System Options and Installation Costs .... +++ +e eee Results from Nome Evaluations . .. +. 2 2 e+ 2 ee ee ee eee Proposed Interconnected Communities ... +s. -e eee ee eee Overall System Power Cost for Large Transmission Grid ..... Overall System Power Costs for Small Transmission Grids ... . Data for Selected Air Heaters . 2. 2. e+ ee ee eee eee eee Data for Selected Air Heaters .. 2. 2 se ee ee eee ee eee Specifications for Kivalina Brayton Cycle .... ++ ee eee Kivalina 180-kWe Air Cycle Cost Breakdown . «2 es ee ee eee viii PAGE 3-4 3-5 5-3 5-7 5-8 5-28 5-42 5-53 5-57 6-7 6-12 6-18 Specifications for Nome Steam Rankine Cycle Turbine Specifications for Nome Steam-Injected Brayton Cycle Nome Steam Rankine Cycle Cost Breakdown ..... Nome Steam-Injected Air Cycle Cost Breakdown .. . O&M Estimate - Nome Steam Rankine Cycle ..... O&M Estimate - Nome Steam-Injected Brayton Cycle . Investment Required in District Heating System. . ix 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Village End-Use Technical Assessment evaluates the technologies avail- able for converting coal to electric power and heat for the Western Arctic Coal Development Project (WACDP). Kivalina and Nome were selected as the model communities. Kivalina represents an isolated village with little infrastructure whereas Nome represents a larger, well-established community. The source of the coal is the Deadfall-Syncline coal deposits, located approx- imately 40 miles south of Point Lay. The recommended coal-burning technology for burning the high-grade WACDP coal is a chain grate stoker. Although the low sulfur content of the coal elimi- nates any requirement for a sulfur removal system, new Alaskan air quality control regulations require the installation of a baghouse to control the release of particulate matter from the exhaust. Conversion of the heat energy released in the combustion process is best accomplished by either a steam- injected, externally fired gas turbine or a conventional condensing steam turbine. Coal-fired power systems can reduce the operating cost of providing electricity to Alaskan communities by as much as 50%. Heat may be recovered from the exhaust of these systems and delivered to a large building(s) in the community through a district heating system. The district heating system is very attractive because heat is supplied without burning additional fuel. 8 To provide coal-fired residential heat, the modern, air-tight coal stoves offer a clean, economical solution. Many of the rural Alaskan natives are familiar with burning coal; this having been a common practice 20 years ago. The current technology in residential coal-burning stoves would provide up to a 60% reduction in annual fuel cost to the user and a 2 year return on his coal conversion investment. Demonstrating that the new stoves now available are efficient, clean, and safe will make acceptance of coal burning a reality. i Currently, available technologies do not offer a coal-fired alternative that is economically comparable to a diesel engine in the small size required ina village the size of Kivalina. Connecting many of these villages in a power grid provides a method to deliver coal-fired power at a price less than the current cost of operating individual diesel engines and reduces the total number of skilled power plant operators required. 1-1 2.0 INTRODUCTION 2.1 Background The Western Arctic Coal Development Project was initiated to examine the feasibility of using Alaskan coal resources to provide a long-term solution to the high energy costs in rural Alaskan villages. The objectives of Phase I were to evaluate coal resources of the area, identify potential mine sites, and examine technical, economic, and environmental aspects of mine develop- ment, transportation, and village end-use scenarios. Phase II research builds on information generated during Phase I. One aspect of Phase II is a village end-use assessment. To this end, Mechanical Technol- ogy Incorporated (MTI) was retained to evaluate the various technologies and methods proposed for use in a coal-based community. 2.2 Purpose This report reviews the current coal-use technologies to generate electricity and heat and the methods for handling the coal in Alaskan communities. Of the 127 communities and villages which compose the market area of the WACDP, two were chosen as models for this evaluation. Nome was selected as represen- tative of the larger rural communities; Kivalina was chosen as representative of the smaller rural communities. These two villages and the proposed mine site are shown on the map presented in Figure 2-1. 2.3. Scope of Work The work performed under this study included: * Conduct on-site investigations at Nome and Kivalina to evaluate current methods and costs for generating heat and power * Identify and evaluate potential coal-use technologies * Define the design and operating criteria of the coal-based systems ~LEGENO— > 10,000 TONS 1,000-5,000 TONS <1,000 Tons MILITARY INSTALLATIONS INDUSTRIAL SITE ESTIMATED ANNUAL COAL DEMAND BY COMMUNITY IN TONS q MOUNTAIN VILLAGE PIKAS POINT SSAST MARY'S \ PLOT STATION TS estern Arctic Coal Region WESTERN ARCTIC COAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Selected Market Plan for Start-up Production Level 851957 Date: 9/30/85 Define assumptions and comparison criteria to be used for evaluation of alternative coal systems and technologies * Establish energy system alternatives for space heating, electric power, and material handling * Utilizing a matrix form of analysis, perform evaluation of alterna- tives establishing the technical and economical feasibility as compared to existing oil-based furnaces and power systems * Review the evaluation study with the communities of Nome and Kivalina and the Alaska Village Electric Cooperative (AVEC), incorporate these comments into the program, and identify the systems in order of prefer- ence Examine in greater detail the most attractive system for each community Prepare Technology Assessment Technical Assessment 2.4 Source of Information Information presented in this report is based on published literature, discussions with WACDP study team members, fieldwork in Nome and Kivalina, published information from various state and local agencies, and published and unpublished data from various equipment manufacturers. Literature used for this report included previous technical and economical studies of arctic communities (see especially: Poole 1983).* Information developed under Phase I of the WACDP provided background material for the project and technical baseline data on possible mine development scenarios. Unpublished data were provided by the City of Nome, the Nome Joint Utilities Board, and the Alaska Village Electric Cooperative. *See Section 9.0 - References. 2-3 The residents of Nome and Kivalina were an invaluable source of information. Data gathered during field trips to each community included previous coal usage and experiences, preferences in coal handling, methods of home heating, attitudes towards district heating systems, and values and preferences related to current and possible future methods of home heating. Attitudes toward new coal-use technologies versus established technology as well as the location of coal-fired power plants were discussed with the Nome Planning Commission. The local data and attitudes have been incorporated into this report. In addition to talking to the residents of Nome and Kivalina, a tour of three Alaskan coal-burning power plants was undertaken to learn firsthand the prob- lems and ex eriences of the power plant operators. The tour provided valuable information regarding the effect of the Alaskan environment on coal burning and coal handling. A summary of this tour is included as Appendix A. Both published and unpublished data were obtained through the cooperation of local and regional governments and through the efforts of the Arctic Slope Consulting Engineers (ASCE). In addition, information was provided by various state agencies such as the State Department of Environmental Conservation, which provided air quality control regulations. Ekono Inc., acting as a subcontractor to MTI, designed and evaluated district heating systems for the two communities. Utilizing connections through their home office in Helsinki, Finland, Ekono also furnished data on the current European and Scandinavian designs of individual coal-burning stoves for household installation. 3.0 METHODOLOGY 3.1 Objective The objective of this study was to identify various coal-fired technologies for generating heat and electric power. These technologies ranged in size from small residential coal-fired stoves to industrial-sized power plants. In addition, several utilization modes were explored including recovering waste heat with a district heating system and using one power plant to serve adja- cent communities. Each technology and utilization mode was evaluated and compared to the existing oil-based system. 3.2. Approach Demographic, economic, and climatological data were gathered on the model communities of Nome and Kivalina with the assistance of the Arctic Slope Consulting Engineers. In addition, other communities with similarities to the Alaskan communities and environment were investigated through a search of current literature to assess their coal utilization systems and technologies. t After identification of the coal utilization technologies had been completed, the technologies were examined and those thought to be immature relative to the operational and reliability requirements were discarded. System costing was developed for the remaining technologies that were used to prepare a preliminary economic evaluation. The economics of these coal-fired systems were compared to the baseline diesel systems currently in operation. These preliminary results were presented and discussed with project personnel and the best candidate technologies selected for each of the model communi- ties. A detailed system design was conducted for each of the selected tech- nologies. In addition, each technology was applied in a variety of different modes, such as in conjunction with a district heating system or connected to a distribution grid running to adjacent communities. Individual heating options such as modern, state-of-the-art coal stoves and electric resistance baseboard heaters for residences were also examined. 3-1 These results were presented to the Arctic Slope Consulting Engineers as well as to groups of citizens in Nome and Kivalina. The comments and suggestions from these meetings were incorporated into this report. 3.3. Limitations Economic comparisons of new systems with the existing baseline system are very difficult due to the current system of subsidies. The problem is particularly acute when the economic evaluations look at the total energy scope of a commu- nity, i.e., combining power generation, residential heating, and heating of public buildings, to determine the total community cost of energy. The Alaskan lifestyle (subsistence activities away from the home) and a distrust of outside consultants combined to make it difficult to obtain local data. Responses obtained from local officials and citizens were often colored by their current political perceptions. In addition, a perception of the problems related to the use of coal 30 or 40 years ago persists. 3.4 Assumptions It is assumed that any technology considered for application in Alaska shall be available off the shelf or in such an advanced stage of development that it would be ready for commercial installation within three to five years. Before a system is considered for installation in Alaska, the technology should have a significant number of operating hours at an existing installation. The cost of coal decreases substantially as the total usage increases, as described in the Phase 1 report. With the proposed development of Red Dog and Lik mines, the annual coal usage could exceed 100,000 tons per year very rapidly. Figure 3-1 shows the expected increase in coal usage over the 20-year period assumed for this analysis. Table 3-1 presents a list of the factors and their assumed values used in this report. Table 3-2 presents the expected escalation in oil prices for Nome and Kivalina. The coal usage, coal prices, and oil prices used were developed under other tasks of the Western Arctic Coal Development Project and were presented in Phase II Preliminary Institutional Market Assessment. 3-2 Ss So ° - x a < S => es o ® > - ® a o oa o a 2 @ ° oO Cost in Kivalina Cost at Minemouth 1 1990 Coal Usage Cost of Coal ($/ton) 1 1 2000 2005 WESTERN ARCTIC ww COAL DEVELOPMENT et PROJECT Estimated Coal Prices 853341 Prepared by: Date: fv a 9/30/85 in 1 Figure 3-1 Table 3-1 Assumed Factors Heating Degree Days - Nome Heating Degree Days - Kivalina Heat Content of Fuel Oil and Diesel Fuel Heat Content of WACDP Coal Long Term Inflation Rate 3-4 14,325 16,973 138,000 Btu/gal 12,000 Btu/1b 6.5% annually 40 VILLAGE ASSESSMENT 4.1 Investigation of Other Arctic Communities In a review of the literature for reports of existing or proposed coal use in arctic areas, a number of superficially related projects were identified, for example, small refuse-fired cogeneration systems, various district heating projects, and projects to reduce the current dependence on oil. None of these projects were found to be directly applicable to the present program. They differed in one or more key aspects, such as the type of fuel, size of equip- ment, type of technology investigated, or scope of the study. One study of considerable interest was a 1983 study from the Canadian Depart- ment of Indian and Northern Affairs (Poole, 1983) concerning non-oil options for Pond Inlet, Northwest Territories. The objective of the Canadian study was to increase local energy independence and to develop local employment and small business opportunities. Many of the conclusions of this study are applicable to the WACDP and the Alaskan communities. * Advanced methods of coal use, such as liquefication, gasification, or slurry (fuel pulverized and mixed with oil), were judged to be too complex and expensive. * The economics of scale may argue in favor of using electricity for space heating. * District heating systems designed to recover heat from diesel genera- tors have been installed in the Iniut communities of Cambridge Bay, Rankin Inlet, and Igloolik. * With subsidized utilities, little incentive exists for Pond Inlet residential consumers to switch from oil to coal. * By dealing with the major consumers first, not only would the highest return on investment be obtained, but an opportunity would be provided to demonstrate a coal system for residences. * A district heating system based on diesel generation may appear econom- ically and technically more efficient than coal, but if the margin is narrow, a coal-based system may be preferred. 4.2 Kivalina Kivalina, a community of 272 persons, is located approximately 80 air miles northwest of Kotzebue on the tip of a 700-foot-wide by 8-mile-long barrier beach between the Chukchi Sea and Kivalina Lagoon. Kivalina has long been a stopping-off place for seasonal travelers between arctic coastal areas and Kotzebue Sound communities. Residents subsist mainly by hunting and fishing. Seal, walrus, and whale are hunted in the Chukchi Sea and account for nearly 40% of the subsistence income. Fish, principally salmon and whitefish, make up an equal portion of the subsistence economy. Caribou are harvested from the arctic herd as it passes through the hills and lowlands just east of the village, and an occa- sional moose is taken. Much use is also made of birds and plants. There are approximately eight full-time-equivalent jobs in the village, including school teachers, a health aide and an assistant, a policeman, store Managers, and a few maintenance-related jobs. A number of people find summer employment fire fighting, commercial fishing at Kotzebue, or other jobs in Kotzebue and Fairbanks. The native crafts industry has expanded; carvings are made from ivory, and jewelry is produced from caribou hooves. In 1974, the Alaska Village Electric Cooperative installed one Caterpillar D353 diesel-powered generator of 300-kW capacity, one Caterpillar D342 diesel-powered generator of 160-kW capacity, and one Allis Chalmers 2900 diesel-powered generator of 50-kW capacity. Subsequently, the Allis Chalmers unit was replaced with a John Deere Model 6619A rated at 150-kW. This system provides a maximum of 300 kW for the community. The 300-kW unit is scheduled to be replaced in 1985 with a new, self-contained 150-kW generator set that has been stored in Kivalina for the past year. In 1984, Kivalina generated 596,400 kWh of power and sold 527,524 kWh, an increase of 20% over 1983. The peak load in 1984 was 168 kW, up from 118 kW in 1983, with an average load of 67.9 kW. Seventy-six consumers were connected to the system. 62,230 gallons of diesel fuel were consumed in 1984 for an efficiency of 9.58 kWh/gal of fuel. The diesel fuel was purchased for $1.544/gal. The school has a backup generator for use when the AVEC system is down. The school also has an Enertech 4-kW windmill to provide energy for one of its buildings. The power plant operator performs routine maintenance such as lube oil and filter changes. Major maintenance and overhauls of the equip- ment are performed by AVEC mechanics who are flown into the community to make the repairs. Kivalina experiences an annual average of 16,973 heating degree-days. Heat for residences is provided by heating oil, currently selling at $2.04 per gallon, and driftwood which is burned in stoves made from 55-gal oil barrels. The driftwood supply is Limited with natives collecting from as far away as 20 miles. In 1984, the town used 50,000 to 55,000 gallons of heating oil for residential heating. The heating oil is distributed through the ANICA general store and delivered to homes by a snowmobile pulling a barrel sitting on a dogsled. In addition to the town's fuel supply, the school purchased 29,000 gallons of fuel oil for heating in 1984. Although most homes have a wood stove, usage reportedly increases as income level decreases. As late as the mid-1960s, sacked coal was shipped to Kiva- lina from Seattle for burning in individual stoves. Coal use declined as cheap, convenient oil became available. 4.3 Nome Nome, a community of 3700 persons, is located 510 air miles northwest of Anchorage on the southern side of the Seward Pennisula. Located on the Bering Sea, Nome is currently upgrading its port facilities to handle vessels with up to 22 feet of draft. Nome is the transportation and commerce center for Northwest Alaska. The immediate area has rich mineral potential with gold mining remaining as a 4-3 major industry after 86 years. A major oil and gas lease sale was held for Norton Sound in 1983 by the federal government. Tourism has increased in importance in recent years. Native crafts, particularly carved ivory, are a significant part of the trade. Other major industries active in Nome include mining, construction, manufacturing, transportation, utilities, communi- cations, retail trade, finance, insurance, real estate, and services. The labor force of Nome and nearby rural villages ranging from Stebbins to Shish- maref includes a large number of skilled, semiskilled, and unskilled people available for work. Vacant land is available for commercial, industrial, and residential development. Nome has two power-generating plants. The main plant is located at the Snake River and has six units with an installed diesel generating capacity of 4368 kW. A remote diesel unit is located at Belmont Point and is rated at 2600 kW. Total production for 1984 was 20,595,100 kWh with a peak demand of 3900 kW and an average demand of 2400 kW. This represented a 6.3% increase over the 1983 demand. The diesel engines required 1,542,892 gallons of fuel in 1984, for an average efficiency of 13.35 kWh/gal. The diesel fuel was purchased at $1.113/gal. In addition, the Gold Company's power plant operates three 750-kW gas turbines and two 800-kW diesel generators to provide power for the mining operations. Due to the load characteristics of the dredging operation, which vary from normal to almost a dead short when the dredges start cutting at frozen ground, the Nome power utility is reluctant to tie the two systems together. Nome experiences an annual average of 14,325 heating degree-days. The moder- ating influence of the open water of Norton Sound is effective only from early June to about the middle of November. During the summer months the daily temperature range is very slight. The freezing of Norton Sound in November causes a rather abrupt change from a maritime to a continental climate. Snow begins to fall in September, but usually does not accumulate on the ground until early November. The snow cover disappears around mid-June having reached a maximum accumulation in late February or early March. Average wind speeds are 10 to 12 mph with severe windstorms occurring occasionally from October through March. These strong winds, reaching velocities exceeding 70 4-4 mph, produce blowing snow conditions that severely hinder transportation in the area. Heat for individual homes is provided by heating oil, currently selling at $1.287 per gallon. Total 1984 heating oil consumption in Nome was about 2,082,000 gallons. 5.0 TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT The identification and evaluation of various technologies potentially capable of supplying the energy needs of the model communities were accomplished utilizing a matrix form of analysis. Three separate technological areas are involved in utilizing coal. These are: * Power generation - the conversion of thermal energy derived from coal for electrical power * Coal combustion - the conversion of coal to thermal energy * Heating - the use of thermal energy derived from coal for residential and commercial space heating. The merit and feasibility of combining technology alternatives from each of these categories were assessed relative to the energy use profiles, require- ments, resources, and concerns of each of the model communities. 5.1. Assumptions and Evaluation Criteria 5.1.1. Assumptions To facilitate the evaluation of alternative technologies, several assumptions were made: * Coal characterization - The Western Arctic Coal Development Project focuses on coal mined from the Deadfall-Syncline area of the Western Arctic Coal Region in Northwest Alaska. During Phase I of this study, an analysis was performed by the University of Alaska (Fairbanks) on coal from sample drillings throughout the area. The analysis shows that coal from the mine area can be expected to have an "as-received" heating value between 10,900 Btu/1lb and 5-1 14,696 Btu/lb and generally carries an ASTM classification of High Volatile Bituminous "A," "B,"or "C." Moisture content ranges from 4 to 5% and ash content from 3 to 20% with a minority of samples showing a higher ash content. For the purposes of the end-use technology assessment, the coal analysis given in Table 5-1 was selected as being representative of the source coal from the project mines. End-Use Energy Requirements - The village of Kivalina and the city of Nome were selected as representative models of the communities within the state to be served by coal from the Western Arctic Coal Region. The energy requirements of these communities are currently served primarily by oil (diesel electrical power gener- ation and fuel oil space heating) with a minor percentage of resi- dential space heating requirements offset by wood and local-coal burning. A total instantaneous elimination of oil was not assumed. It was assumed that current oil-fired equipment would remain in place and be available as a primary backup and to supply additional electrical energy for "peak demand" usage. 5.1.2 Evaluation Criteria Each of the candidate end-use technologies were evaluated and assessed relative to primary criteria: Economic attractiveness - the ability of the technology to provide low-cost energy through high efficiency, low fuel cost (coal), and low operating, maintenance, and capital costs Technical status and reliability - the time frame for development of coal from the Western Arctic Coal Region and establishment of viable end-use operations is three years. Technology options were therefore assessed on the basis of their current status and 5-2 Table 5-1 Selected Coal Characteristics Sample DF-84-122 (95-108 ft) ASTM High Volatile Btu/1b "B" Bituminous (Typically 12,500 Moist Mineral Free) 5% Moisture; 2 in. Top Size Dry Basis Analysis: Carbon (c) 74.94% Hydrogen (H) 4.72% Nitrogen (N2) 1.252% Oxygen (O05) 9.63% Sulfur (s) -16% Ash 9.30% Fusibility of Ash, °F (Reducing) Sample Number Initial Deformation Softening Fluid DF-84-122 2093 2143 2189 Concentration of Major Elements In Coal Ash, Percent (Sample DF-84-122) Constituent Concentration, % Sid? 30.88 Al203 29.20 Fe203 4.84 i MgO 6.69 CaO 17.50 Na20 6.86 K20 0.56 Ti02 0.68 MnO 0.02 $03 1.50 F205 0.76 Bad 1.09 Srd 0.23 5-3 on the probability of having established proven equipment performance and reliability within that time frame. * Social impact - the assessment of community acceptance of the technology and the local employment opportunities created * Environmental impact - the assessment of achieving acceptable and minimum environmental impact on the community. 5.2. Power Conversion Technologies Energy usage profiles indicate that coal combustion for electric power and heat generation is potentially the single largest end use for Western Arctic coal. The economics of coal power generation are, however, heavily dependent on the efficiency of the conversion process. This is because the capital cost and operating manpower associated with coal handling and combustion equipment are larger than those associated with liquid or gaseous fossil fuels. The economic advantage, if any, must therefore be achieved by minimizing the fuel cost per kilowatt-hour generated through highly efficient power cycles. Figure 5-1 presents the maximum potential cycle efficiency of several heat engines applicable to external combustion and therefore coal utilization. It can be seen that power conversion efficiency is a function of both engine technology and peak cycle temperature. For comparison, the baseline diesel cycle operates at peak cycle temperatures in excess of 2000°F and has poten- tial cycle efficiencies within 10 to 15% of the theoretical maximum Carnot cycle efficiency. Unfortunately, coal-fired diesels are not a viable option. However, research and development are currently being funded, and the technol- ogy may be successfully demonstrated within the next 10 years (see Appendix B for current status). Six alternative power cycles were evaluated for each of the two model communi- ties. These were: 1. Simple Cycle Brayton 2. Steam-Injected Brayton Carnot Efficiency (%) Carnot (Thermodynamic Maximum) \ Ae Rankine 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 Peak Cycle Temperature (°F) WESTERN ARCTIC ~~ COAL DEVELOPMENT — PROJECT Thermodynamic Potential of Engines 80596-1 Date: 9/30/85 Figure 5-1 Steam Rankine Organic Rankine, Freon R-114 Organic Rankine, Toluene Stirling Tables 5-2 and 5-3 present a summary of the economic merits of each of the power cycles for Nome and Kivalina, respectively. In several cases, it was determined that the alternative was not applicable to end use in that commu- nity for reasons of obvious incompatibility with the evaluation criteria other than economic, as previously outlined. The following sections describe and assess each of the technology options applied to each model community. 5.2.1 Simple Brayton Cycle 5.2.1.1 Description. The Brayton power cycle, commonly referred to as an air turbine or gas turbine, consists of a compressor to compress air, a heater to increase the temperature and energy of the air following com- pression, and a turbine to extract energy from the air on expansion. Some of the power developed by the turbine is used to drive the compressor, and the balance is available to drive an electrical generator. Figures 5-2 and 5-3 show schematically the implementation of a 4316-kW simple Brayton cycle and a 180-kW simple Brayton cycle for Nome and Kivalina, respectively. The power conversion equipment (compressor/turbine/gear/generator) is a standard gas turbine pack- age except that the combustor section normally supplied for liquid or gaseous fuel firing is replaced by a manifold section allowing heat addition from an external source. A major advantage of the small Brayton cycle is that, by utilizing air cooling, the requirement for cooling water is eliminated. Thus, Table 5-2 Power Cycle Summary: Nome (4200 kWe) Heat Rate (Btu/kWh) Simple Cycle Brayton 15215 Steam-Injected Brayton 11057 Steam Rankine 16655 Organic Rankine, Freon R-114 N/A Organic Rankine, Toluene 18500 Stirling N/A Diesel (Baseline) 9910 *Fuel Only - Coal at 12,000 Btu/1lb; $117/ton N/A - Not Applicable kWh/1b* 0.77 1.03 0.68 N/A 0.62 N/A N/A Generation Cost* ($/kWh) 0.074 0.054 0.081 N/A 0.089 N/A 0.094 Table 5-3 Power Cycle Summary: Kivalina (180 kWe) Heat Rate Generation Cost* (Btu/kWh ) kWh/1b* ($/kWh) 1. Simple Cycle Brayton 16514 0.68 0.082 2. Steam-Injected Brayton N/A N/A N/A 3. Steam Rankine 32410 0.35 0.156 4. Organic Rankine, Freon R-114 35500 0.32 0.170 5. Organic Rankine, Toluene N/A N/A N/A 6. Stirling 10825 1.05 0.052 7. Diesel (Baseline) 14400 N/A 0.171 *Fuel Only - Coal at 12,000 Btu/1lb; $117/ton N/A - Not Applicable 5-8 Available for Community Heating by Combustion Air Preheat Q = 31.7 x 108 Btu/hr Heat Rate =15,215 Btu/kWh 0 = 22% 26°F 724°F 15.2 psia 14.7 psia 2790 Ib/hr Coal a ‘ 1 ' ‘ ‘ ' ‘ 1 ‘ ' Generator @ 2158 kWe WESTERN ARCTIC Allison 501KG Q2. COAL DEVELOPMENT set PROJECT Combustion ; Air *Two units required to provide a total of 4316 kW, Brayton Cycle (4316-kW,* Installation at Nome) 852333 Prepared by: Date: 9/30/85 OT-S Available for Community Heating > 1.14 x 10® Btu/hr 14.7 psia Air 18.5°F 4.32 Ib/sec Heat Rate = 16,514 Btu/kWh U] = 21% 1550°F 4.0 106 Btu/hr 1600 °F COAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT 258 Ib/hr af Es ; Combustion Q2 WESTERN ARCTIC Sas Coal ie Air Brayton Cycle (180-kW, Installation at Kivalina) 851408} Prepared by: Date: 9/30/85 Figure 5-3 the system can be operated totally without water, a definite advan- tage in the Arctic. In addition, gas turbines are compact, Light- weight, and require little maintenance. The indirectly fired power cycle implementation, however, forces a reduction in the rating of the standard gas turbine due to the temperature limitation of the external heat exchanger material. The Kawasaki turbine investigated for application in Kivalina is reduced in rating from 210 to 180 kWe. The Detroit Allison 501KG turbine for Nome is similarly reduced from 4300 to 2158 kWe. It should be noted from the schematic heat balances that consider- able heat remains in the stack gas downstream of the power cycle heat exchanger, allowing for community heating from the centralized power plant. This option will be discussed in more detail later. 5.2.1.2 Status of the Technology. Two versions of the Brayton cycle have been considered: direct firing and indirect firing. The direct-fired Brayton cycle is the most common, with the fuel injected directly into the air flow in the combustion chamber. The indirect-fired Brayton cycle burns the fuel external to the Brayton cycle process, with the heat being transferred to the working fluid, air, through a heat exchanger. Thus, in the indirect Brayton air cycle, the air is compressed in the compressor section, heated to maximum temperature in an external heat exchanger, and expanded through the turbine section producing output power. The external combustion process can burn any fuel such as coal, wood, or biomass. Direct-fired gas turbines normally operate with a turbine inlet temperature of 1800 to 1900°F. Over the past 5 to 10 years, the effort to direct fire coal in a Brayton cycle has centered around investigating the Limits of Brayton cycle (gas turbine) tolerance to various types of coal and to accept a reduced life expectancy of 5-11 the turbine. Based on development efforts to date and prototype equipment tests, it would appear that commercially available, direct-fired coal Brayton cycle equipment having an acceptable life expectancy is ten years off. The indirect coal-fired Brayton air cycle has not been widely utilized in the United States but has been in operation in some locations in plants dating back to 1940. Although the indirect- fired Brayton air cycle is ideally suited to power conversion from the combustion of dirty fuels, a significant derating of the poten- tial performance results if the turbine inlet temperature is reduced to the 1500°F suggested in conservative heat exchanger design practice. Some of the derating is offset by the cold ambient temperatures found in the arctic regions. The projected turbomachinery life of the indirect-fired air cycle is significantly superior to the typical 50,000-hour life of natural gas-fired Brayton cycle equipment and the typical 30,000-hour life of identical equipment firing No. 2 oil. This is by virtue of the reduced turbine inlet temperatures and improved cleanliness of the air over normal combustion gases. European experience with indirect-fired (coal), closed-loop Brayton cycles (20-MWe plants) supports this projection. Plants in opera- tion for periods of twenty years have routinely experienced 75,000 to 100,000 hours of turbomachinery operation between major over- hauls. The Brayton cycle heat exchanger presents the only unproven techni- cal aspect of the indirect-fired cycle. In the European experience (seventeen units), an acceptable 30,000 to 50,000-hour hot end tube life was achieved in the mid-1970s by reducing the turbine inlet temperature to 1350°F. This was accomplished in spite of the severe duty of these tubes as they were heavily slagged and directly exposed to the combustion flame (attached to the walls of a down- wardly fired, pulverized-coal furnace) - see Appendix C. 5-12 5.2.2 Changes to more exotic tube materials in the late 1970s reportedly have extended Life into the 75,000-hour range and have allowed for increases in turbine inlet temperatures. Tube failures in the connective heat transfer sections (not exposed to the radiant heat and less exposed to ash) have reportedly not been a problem. The Brayton cycle heat exchanger proposed for use in Alaska would incorporate hot end materials demonstrated to be superior in the European experience; however, other aspects would be significantly different. The complete heat exchanger would be located downstream of the furnace combustion chamber in the exhaust gas ducting. The exhaust gas temperature would be controlled (1650°F) rather than allowing the tubes to be exposed to the relatively uncontrollable flame radiation. The combustion process would be other than via pulverized coal, thus reducing fly ash and slag. These changes will greatly increase the operating life of the heat exchanger. Steam-injected Brayton Cycle 5.2.2.1 Description. The steam-injected Brayton cycle is similar to the simple Brayton air cycle previously described, except that a portion of the heat available in the turbine exhaust is used to generate steam. The steam is then mixed with the air following compression and is expanded in the turbine, increasing the turbine shaft power and cycle efficiency. Figure 5-4 is a schematic representation of the steam-injected Brayton cycle. The compressor/turbine/gear/generator package as well as the primary heat exchanger is similar to that required for the simple air cycle. Additionally, a waste heat boiler, steam- injection controls, deaerator, boiler feed pump, and water treat- ment equipment skids are required. 5-13 QT-S Heat Rate = 11,057 Btu/kWh 7 = 31% 724°F 146,270 Ib/hr 3303 Ib/hr Coal Combustion Air -—s 1625°F Turbine Compressor Allison 501KG Available for Community Heating (Variable) or Combustion Air Preheat 325°F 5 WESTERN ARCTIC C2. COAL DEVELOPMENT aoa PROJECT Steam-Injected Brayton Cycle (3460-kW, Installation at Nome) 852332| Prepared by: Date: wu 9/30/85 a 5.2.3 5.2.2.2 Status of the Technology. Although steam-injected Brayton cycle technology has been under- stood, prototyped, and experimented with for over ten years, the commercial availability from manufacturers and complete packaged systems from suppliers are relatively new. To date, four or five systems have been sold, and the operating experience on the two or three systems installed in California for about one year have been encouraging. The area of uncertainty or technical risk is in the water chemistry requirements and the relationship of water quality to turbine life. MTI is currently conducting research in this field and will conduct a 5000-hour test program in 1986. All of the equipment elements required to complete the power cycle (waste heat boiler, deaerator pumps, etc.) have demonstrated acceptable reliability in hundreds of gas turbine cogeneration systems installed worldwide over the past decade. This technology was assessed as not being applicable to Kivalina due to the increased equipment and operational complexity of the system as well as the requirement for a continuous makeup water supply. The high-cycle efficiency provided by the steam-injected cycle combined with the current status of the technology, which will allow for several years of field operational experience prior to the implementation of power generation with Western Arctic coal, indi- cates that this technology should be considered as the prime candi- date for Nome or other large applications. Steam Rankine Cycle 5.2.3.1 Description. The steam Rankine cycle is a vapor power cycle wherein water is vaporized to steam with the addition of heat. The steam is expanded through a turbine to produce shaft power and then condensed. 5-15 5.2.4 Figures 5-5 and 5-6 schematically show the power cycle and main equipment for Nome and Kivalina, respectively. Steam Rankine cycle efficiencies are dependent on the temperature and pressure of the vapor available at the turbine inlet and the efficiency of the equipment used in the power cycle. Although net plant efficiencies approaching 45% are routinely achieved in large scale (over 300 MWe) installations, a significant reduction in efficiency is forced by a reduction in the equipment complexity and steam temperatures in smaller scale systems (see Figure 5-7). The 16,655 Btu/kWh heat rate (n = 20%) indicated for the 4200 kWe steam Rankine cycle installation at Nome is compatible with demon- strated, commercially available, high-efficiency equipment in that size range. 5.2.3.2 Status of the Technology. Undoubtedly 99% of all electrical power generation fueled by coal is achieved via a steam Rankine cycle. The technology is not only well proven and available, it is the only technology alternative for which there is direct Alaskan experience, e.g., at the University of Alaska at Fairbanks, Clear Air Force Base, and Golden Valley Power Plant (see Appendix A), in the conversion of coal to electrical power. Organic Rankine Cycles 5.2.4.1 Description. Organic Rankine cycles (ORC) are vapor power cycles similar to steam cycles except that a fluid other than water is utilized. They have advantages over steam in that the equipment complexity is reduced allowing for increased reliability and ease of operation. An additional attribute of organic Rankine cycles pertaining to the Alaskan environment is that a working fluid with a low freezing 5-16 LI-S 6136 Ib/hrf Coal Heat Rate = 16,655 Btu/kWh Available for District Heating n = 20% (Variable) 670 psig 228°F Condensate Receiver 5 WESTERN ARCTIC C2. COAL DEVELOPMENT oe PROJECT Rankine Steam Cycle (4200-kW, Installation at Nome) 851410 Prepared by: Date: mw 9/30/85 D Figure 5-5 MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY INC. Heat Rate = 32,410 Btu/kWh Available for District Heating 7 = 10% (Variable) 170 psig 228°F Combustion Air 4 Condensate 515 Ib/hr 3 Receiver WESTERN ARCTIC COAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Rankine Steam Cycle (180-kW, Installation at Kivalina) 851412 Prepared by: Date: y “77 9/30/85 an Figure 5-6 & > ° c 2 2 = a = = = = 2 a g so x 3 ® x a z= (34.12) 9500 (35.91) 9000 (37.91) 8500 (40.14) 8000 (42.65) 7500 (45.50) 7000 | | (48.75) , 950°F 5 Heaters 1800 psig 1000°F 6 Heaters 2400 psig 1000°F 7 Heaters jt 100 200 3500 psig 1000°F 8 Heaters oa {od 400 500 300 Generator Output, MW 5-19 WESTERN ARCTIC ~ COAL DEVELOPMENT = PROJECT Steam Turbine-Generator Heat Rate vs Output and Steam Conditions Date: 9/30/85 Figure 5-7 point can be utilized. Therefore, the system requires no water, eliminating all freezing problems. A disadvantage of organic Rankine cycles is that they are best suited to the low temperature end of the Rankine cycle family and therefore have reduced potential cycle efficiency. Figures 5-8 and 5-9 schematically show ORC power systems for Nome and Kivalina, respectively. Different working fluids were selected for each community: a toluene ORC power system operating at turbine ' inlet conditions of 600°F and 500 psia at Nome and a Freon R-114 ORC power system operating at turbine inlet conditions at 250°F and 300 psia at Kivalina. The toluene system achieves a respectable 18% plant efficiency through the use of the higher cycle temperature (600°F). Three single-stage radial-inflow turbines, each rated at 1400 kWe, are used to provide the 4200-kW. plant capacity. Dividing the load in this manner allows the simple single-stage turbines to operate at near peak efficiency (+80%) and provides for high power plant effi- ciency over a wide turndown range. The turbines incorporate a shaft seal and drive the generator through a gear, as optimum efficiencies are achieved at turbine speeds of 19,100 rpm at this power level. The Nome toluene ORC system also includes a buffer loop of Syl- therm 800 (heat transfer fluid) between the coal furnace and the power fluid loop. This is required to assure that toluene temper- atures are maintained below the level of possible thermal decompos- ition (750°F) and to provide for separation in the power plant between the coal combustion process and the power cycle due to the flammability of toluene. The Freon R-114 ORC system at Kivalina provides a modest 10% plant efficiency but with increased emphasis on safety, simplicity, mini- mum maintenance, and maximum reliability. 5-20 T2-S @ Toluene Power Fluid ® Total Coal Required: 6816 Ib/hr Available for Community Heating Heat Rate = 18,500 Btu/kWh (Variable) 7] = 18% 500 psia Loop (Syltherm aap (Toluene) 2272 Ib/hr ; Coal ; WESTERN ARCTIC ae | COAL DEVELOPMENT pa) PROJECT Organic Rankine Cycle (4200-kW, Installation at Nome) 851411 Three units required to produce 4200 kWg Prepared by: Date: mie 9/30/85 m Figure 5-8 MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY INC 77-S 561 lb/hr Coal @ Freon R-114 Power Fluid Available for Community Heating (Variable) ——> Heat Rate = 35,500 Btu/kWh 7 = 10% Buffer Loop Loop (Syltherm (R-114) 2000°F oe WESTERN ARCTIC Combustion .. COAL DEVELOPMENT Air PROJECT Organic Rankine Cycle (180-kW, Installation at Kivalina) 851409 Prepared by: Date: mw 9/30/85 / Figure 5-9 > mB 5.2.5 The use of Freon R-114 at the reduced turbine inlet temperature (250°F) enhances plant and personal safety. (Freon R-114 is non- toxic and has been used as an aerosol propellent in cosmetics for years.) The turbine is of rugged, single-stage radial-inflow design and directly drives the synchronous generator, thereby elim- inating shaft seals, gear, and Lube oil systems. A single turbine- generator set is required, rated at 180 kWe. Although an outdoor air condenser is incorporated, freeze protection is not required as the freeze point of the fluid is -137°F. A Syltherm 800 heat trans- fer fluid buffer loop is incorporated between the coal furnace and the power cycle for the purpose of protecting the R-114 from thermal decomposition. 5.2.4.2 Status of the Technology. Experience with ORC systems in small sizes (1-3 kW) extends over twenty years, however operational experience with systems the size of those required for Nome and Kivalina is much shorter (5-6 years) and experience with coal-fired ORC systems is probably nonexistent. At best, ORC technology is marginally competitive with power cycles better able to take advantage of the high-combustion temperatures (cycle efficiencies) available from coal combustion. This, combined with a lack of off-the-shelf equipment specifically appli- cable to the energy requirements of the model communities, over- shadows the attributes of the technology. Stirling Cycle 5.2.5.1 Description. Stirling engines are closed-cycle regenerative machines that convert heat into mechanical power by alternately heating, expand- ing, cooling, and compressing a fixed charge of working gas. Although Stirling engines have been widely investigated since the early 1800s, it has been only in the last 20 years that the engines 5-23 have begun to realize their potential due to advances in metallurgy and sealing technology. Since heat is applied to the engine from an external source via a heat exchanger known as a heater head, the operation of the engine is totally independent of the heat source. Stirling engines can utilize any combustible material as a fuel provided that the combustion system and heater head are properly designed. An additional advantage of Stirling engines is that they can provide high efficiencies (35-50%) at relatively modest power levels (20-150 kW). Due to the absence of combustion products with- in the machine and the small number of moving parts, Stirling engines offer the potential of extremely long life, low mainte- nance, and durable operation. Two designs of the Stirling engine were investigated: kinematic and free piston. The kinematic engine entails mechanical linkage systems specifically suitable to automotive applications. The free-piston Stirling engine (FPSE) utilizes the same principles in generating power; the major difference is the drive mechanism. The FPSE is uniquely applicable as a prime mover to devices such as linear generators. 5.2.5.2 Status of the Technology. Currently, MTI is developing a kinematic Stirling engine for an automotive application. This program has been underway since 1978 under the sponsorship of the United States Department of Energy and technical direction of NASA-Lewis Research Center. The program has successfully developed a first generation automotive Stirling engine known as the Mod I. The Mod I Stirling engine produces 60 kW at 4000 rpm. To date, 10 Mod I/Upgraded Mod I engines have been built and over 9000 test hours accumulated. Although the Mod I has demonstrated excellent efficiency (38% net efficiency) and reli- ability, a second generation engine, the Mod II, is currently under development to further increase the engine efficiency and to significantly reduce the manufacturing cost and size of the engine. The Mod II Stirling engine will begin testing in late 1986. 5-24 Since the current MTI development program has been directed at an automotive application, unleaded gasoline has been used as the fuel throughout this program. The combustor and heater-head have both been designed and developed specifically for unleaded gasoline and for self-contained and compact packaging within the vehicle engine compartment. Heat transfer surface geometry and materials of construction for the heater head have been specifically developed for the fairly benign products of combustion of unleaded gasoline and would not be suitable for a coal-fired Stirling engine. Adaptation of this rapidly developing Stirling engine technology to a coal-fired, electric-generator drive does not appear to encounter major technological barriers. In fact, a program is currently being conducted by Valmont Industries (world's leading manufacturer of mechanized agricultural irrigation systems) to develop a coal-fired kinematic Stirling engine for driving large irrigation pumps. Inital development efforts have been aimed at a shaft power rating of about 100 hp, utilizing a fluidized-bed coal combustor. A sodium heat pipe would be used to transport heat energy from the coal combustor to the engine heater head. Some modification of the finned heater-head tube of a gasoline-fueled engine will be required since these tubes must interface with a liquid metal rather than combustion gases. Direct interfacing of the Stirling heater- head tubes in the coal combustion gas stream is not an attractive alternative as additional lengths of tubes, pipes, or manifolds would be necessary to carry the engine working gas (helium or hydro- gen). This would constitute an additional dead volume of gas not participating in the compression/expansion processes of the Stir- ling cycle, seriously degrading engine power and efficiency. A second method of thermal coupling being considered is a high pres- sure helium gas loop with a gas circulator. A kinematic Stirling engine with air as the working gas is currently under development for the People's Republic of China. The thermal coupling between the coal combustion gases and the Stirling heater head is generally 5-25 ~ considered to be an area not yet advanced to a commercial status. The kinematic Stirling engine is considered a good candidate for small coal-fired power generation in 8 to 10 years, beyond the established criteria of this study. The free-piston Stirling engine is currently under development in such applications as a heat-activated heat pump, a power generation subsystem for the NASA space station, and a multipurpose generator package for the United States Army. Most of these programs are in the early stages of development. Currently all work is focused in the power range of 25 kW and under. In 5 to 7 years the FPSE may be available for small power applications. 5.3. Coal Combustion Technologies The selection of a combustion technique must be made in concert with the specific requirements of the process utilizing the combustion heat, the coal to be burned, and the size (heat release) of the furnace. There are, however, several "good" alternatives for any specific application. All of the combustion technologies considered have been used with, and are applicable to, a variety of processes, including furnaces (gas heating), boilers (vapor generation), and heaters (liquid heating). Three categories of combustion technology were considered: pulverized coal, fluidized bed, and lump coal feeders (stokers). Lump coal stokers can addi- tionally be broken down into the following classifications: dump grate overthrow spreader stoker vibrating or (mechanical) pulsating grate overfeed underthrow traveling grate traveling grate conveyor stoker lump coal chain grate stokers horizontal single ram feed grates stationary en twin screw feed grates agitated underfeed sloping retort - multiple retort (large capacity) 5-26 Table 5-4 summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of several of the candi- date coal combustion technologies considered. 5.3.1 Pulverized Coal Combustion 5.3.1.1 Description. The pulverized coal combustion process is the burning in suspension of fine coal particles. The fuel is introduced into the furnace, entrained in air through a burner not dissimilar to a liquid fuel or gas burner. Furnace design is therefore simplified; however, coal preparation (grinding, drying), coal transport from the grinder to burner, and combustion control require not only significantly more but also more complex equipment than lump coal stoker combustion. Two types of pulverized coal systems are in use: the bin system and the direct-firing system. The bin system was used extensively before pulverizing equipment reached the stage of development where it could be relied on for continuous, uninterrupted operation and consistent performance. It provides for storage of the pulverized coal following the grinding, drying, and classifying operations. Independent control over the coal feed, transport, and air-fuel mixture is therefore maintained, allowing for greater stability of ignition in the burners and for operation over a greater load range with variations in coal grinda- bility, moisture content, volatile matter, and ash. 5.3.1.2 Applicability. In the direct-fired system the coal moves directly from the pulver- izer to the burner in a continuous flow. With pulverized coal combustion, both combustion efficiency and response rate are high. Turndown ratios with a single burner are poor. The operating char- acteristics of the installation may be the determining factor. Most coal steam power plants with design capacities over 120,000 lb/hr of steam incorporate a multiple burner pulverized coal combustion 5-27 Technology Pulverized Suspension Burning Fluidized Bed - Bubbling = Circulating Underfeed Stokers/ Side Dump Spreader Stokers - Traveling Grate - Vibrating Grate Chain Grate Stokers Table 5-4 Coal Combustion Technologies Advantages -High Efficiency -Fast Response -Economic in Utility Size -SOx Control -Good Temperature Control -Wide Range of Coal Size -High Efficiency -Wide Range of Coal Size -Simple -Economic in Small Size (under 50 MMBtu/h) -Fast Response -Automated Ash Handling -Few Moving Parts -Simple -Automated Ash Handing -Economic in Small Size (under 100 MMBtu/h) 5-28 Disadvantages -More Processing Required -Expensive in Small Sizes -New Technology -15-20% Higher Cost -High Parasitic Losses (30-in.AP) -Complex Control -Slow Response -Low Combustion Air Temperature -More Moving Parts -Air-Cooled Grate -Crushing Required over 3/4 in. -Slow Response -Needs Classified Coal (3/4 to 1-1/4 in.) -Needs High Ash Fusion Temperature -Slow Response 5.3.2 process. For a small plant with limited labor skills available ora plant with a wide load range, the constant attention required to control the process and maintain equipment tends to prohibit its utilization. There is no doubt that custom equipment could be designed in a size range suitable for a 3- to 4-MWe power plant (Nome); however, they are not currently commercially available. 5.3.1.3 Economic Attractiveness. Both the capital cost and operational cost of a pulverized coal system exceed the cost of alternative combustion technologies in the equipment size range required for a centralized coal power plant in the model communities of Nome and Kivalina. Fluidized-Bed Combustion 5.3.2.1 Description. The fluidized-bed combustion chamber represents a relatively new technology in the design of high heat release combustors. The bed of the chamber consists of inert particles, which upon start-up of the unit are quickly preheated by an automatic oil- or gas-fired burner to a temperature of 750°F. At this point the oil or gas burner shuts off, air flow through the bed is increased, and the bed assumes dynamic characteristics analogous to that of a bubbling lava-Like material. The solid fuel generally is blown through the vapor space downward toward the fluidized bed. Combustion of the solid fuel takes place in the vapor space, burning in suspension, as well as in the fluidized bed. The combustion of the solid fuel rapidly increases temperatures throughout the entire chamber, allowing termination of the auxiliary fuel firing. Two types of fluidized-bed combustion systems are commercially available: atmo- spheric bubbling bed (ABB) and atmospheric circulating bed (ACB). The conventional bubbling bed must operate with air velocities that can vary only between the minimum and maximum fluidization veloci- 5-29 ties. At any higher velocity, the bed material becomes entrained with a carryover of unburned particles from the combustion chamber. At any velocity Lower than minimum fluidization velocity, the bed or portions of the bed may slump, causing localized hot spots. The circulating bed system uses greater air velocities because the entrained particles are separated from the hot gases in a cyclone collector and reinjected into the bottom of the combustion chamber. Turndown ratios of 3:1 can be provided merely by changing flow rates and fuel feed. Turndown ratios of generally less than 2:1 are handled by ABB systems without substantial loss of efficiency. The combustion air for both types of combustion systems is supplied to an air distribution chamber below the bed and must be of adequate pressure to "float" the material. This is typically 1.5 to 5 psig depending on the selection of bed material and the fuel character (sizing). This high combustion-air pressure differential through the bed typically requires 10 to 20 times the fan horsepower of alternative (Lump coal) stoker combustion systems. Both types of systems have been demonstrated to achieve high combustion efficiencies and are applicable to a wide range of fuel types and characters. They offer particular advantage in the combustion of fuels with a high moisture content (wood or municipal waste) and in the combustion of high sulfur coal where the use of limestone in the bed allows the capture of sulfur in the furnace and therefore the elimination of stack gas scrubbers. Particulate emissions from the combustion process itself are typi- cally worse than alternative suspension burning technologies. Mechanical collectors (cyclones) can reduce the particulate carry- over substantially. With low ash fuels such as wood, cyclones may be adequate to meet environmental restrictions. However, this is not the case with coal of 10 to 20% ash content. 5-30 5.3.2.2 Applicability. Fluidized-bed furnaces and boilers are commercially available in sizes appropriate to the power plants applicable to both model communities. The coal processing and environmental considerations associated with the fluidized-bed process are competitive with alternative combustion technologies, and the combustion efficien- cies achievable when the unit is operated at design rating are supe- rior to most alternatives. The negative aspects of the fluidized-bed combustion process when applied to stand-alone power generating plants in rural Alaska are: * Poor turndown characteristics * High parasitic (fan) motor loads * Relatively sophisticated system control requirements (par- ticularly on start-up) * Relatively new and undemonstrated in power plant applica- tions. 5.3.2.3 Economic Attractiveness. The cost of bubbling bed steam systems is competitive with an unscrubbed stoker-fired boiler. The cost of circulating bed systems is typically 15 to 20% higher. The operational costs are, however, considerably higher due to bed maintenance and parasitic fan motor costs. Fluidized-bed combustion efficiencies are generally higher than can be achieved with stoker-fired equipment; however, power cycle effi- ciencies are lower due to the combustion air pressurization requirements and the inability to utilize preheated combustion air without excessive fan power requirements. 5-31 5.3.3 Underfeed Stoker 5.3.3.1 Description. The underfeed stoker is classified in two types: horizontal feed and gravity feed. In the horizontal-feed stoker, as the name implies, coal travel within the furnace is parallel to the station floor, while in the gravity-feed type, travel is inclined at an angle of 20 to 25°. The latter type consequently requires a basement or tunnel under the floor for ash disposal; for the horizontal-feed type, a shallow depression or pit suffices. The horizontal-feed/side-ash-discharge underfeed stoker, as shown in Figure 5-10, is the most common underfeed stoker in use today. In this type of stoker, coal is force-fed to the fuel bed in small increments intermittently by ram or, for very small stokers, continuously by a screw. The coal moves in a longitudinal channel, known as a retort, usually assisted by an auxiliary push rod with small pusher blocks at the bottom of the retort that operate in conjunction with the ram. When the retort is full, the fuel is forced upward and spills over the top on each side to form and to feed the fuel bed. Air is supplied through tuyeres at each side of the retort and through air openings in the side grates. As the coal rises, heat travels downward from the burning fuel, and volatile gases are distilled and burned as they pass through the incandescent fuel bed. The rising fuel then ignites from contact with the actively burning bed. The pressure exerted by the incoming raw coal moves the fuel bed gradually over the tuyeres and side grates while burning continues. Combustion is completed by the time the bed reaches the side-dump grates from which the ash is discharged to shallow pits. €€-S BS19758 WESTERN ARCTIC COAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Underfeed Stoker 851417 Prepared by: Date: i 9/30/85 1 Figure 5-10 5.3.3.2 Applicability. The size limitation, approximately 30,000,000 Btu/hr, of commer- cially available underfeed stokers prohibits their use in large Nome-sized centralized coal power plants. They are, however, applicable to Kivalina-sized power plants. The attributes of underfeed stokers, simplicity of operation and ability to burn a wide variety of coal types and lump sizes, are partially offset by a penalty in performance when used in a power plant application with fuels of moderate ash fusion-temperature (below 2400°F) Like Western Arctic coal. Usually, the lower the ash fusion temperature the greater the possibility of clinker forma- tion. This can be offset through the use of increased excess air at low ambient temperature or bed agitation but may present a problem when used in power plant applications in which preheated combustion air is a necessity for competitive power cycle efficiencies. 5.3.3.3 Economic Attractiveness. A trade-off between plant heat rate (efficiency) and added equip- ment complexity and potential problems with coal ash slagging and reduced grate life must be made when considering an underfeed stoker for power plant applications. The use of simple, reliable equipment can force as much as a doubling of the power plant heat rate (pounds of coal burned per kW generated). Improvements in efficiency can be achieved with the added complexity of water-cooled grates and bed agitation; however, the Likelihood of reduced grate life and opera- tional problems is greatly increased by this added complexity. The economics are therefore not favorable, as operational mainte- nance and costs are likely to be high when power plant efficiencies are competitive with alternative technologies. 5-34 5.3.4 Chain Grate Stokers 5.3.4.1 Description. Both chain grate and traveling grate stokers have assembled links, grates, or keys joined in endless-belt arrangements that pass over sprockets or return bends located at the front and rear of furnaces. Coal, fed from the hopper (see Figure 5-11) onto the moving assem- bly, enters the furnace after passing under an adjustable grate that regulates the thickness of the fuel bed. The layer of coal on the grate as it enters the furnace is heated by radiation from the furnace gases and is ignited together with the hydrocarbon and other combustible gases driven off by distillation. The fuel bed contin- ues to burn as it moves, and as combustion progresses, the bed becomes correspondingly thinner. At the far end of the travel, ash is discharged over the end of the grate into the ashpit as the components of the grate pass over the rear sprocket or return bend. Chain grates were originally developed for bituminous coals and traveling grates for small sizes of anthracite. Structural details differ, but the two types perform the same function. However, there is one essential difference in designs - the links of the chain grate stoker are so assembled that they break with a scissor-like action at the return-bend section. This action helps to loosen any clinker that may adhere to the grate surface. In most traveling grates there is no relative movement between adjacent grate sections, hence coals with clinkering-ash characteristics are not suitable. 5.3.4.2 Applicability. Chain grate stokers can burn a wide variety of fuels. Almost any solid fuel - peat, lignite, subbituminous, free-burning bituminous, anthracite, and coke breeze - of suitable size can be burned on these stokers. Strongly caking bituminous coals may have a tendency to mat and prevent proper passage of air through the fuel bed with 5-35 Ignition Arch — Unignited Ignited Fuel Fuel Ash Retaining Wall Ash Chute WESTERN ARCTIC COAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Date: 9/30/85 5-36 the result that unburned carbon is discharged to the ash pit. Also, a fuel bed of strongly caking coals may not be very responsive to rapidly changing loads. However, experience has shown that the injection of steam with combustion air into the bed makes the fuel bed more porous and permits better burnout of carbon. Chain grate stokers are suitable for all power plant processes eval- uated. When used with an all refractory furnace, however, the maxi- mum burning rate is usually reduced, resulting in slightly more grate area (stoker size) required for the same duty. Coal sizing for best combustion with bituminous coals should be 1.5-in. top size. This requires crushing; however, coal processing requirements are less stringent than with most alternative combustion processes. The fuel bed of a chain or traveling grate stoker firing bituminous coal suffers less disturbance than that of any other type of stoker. With favorable coal sizing, a properly designed chain grate stoker will operate smokelessly from 10% to full load. This very desirable performance results from the effec- tiveness of the overfire-air jets and the quiescent state of the fuel bed. No particular problem is involved in the efficient control of a chain grate stoker, and good combustion control is possible both manually and automatically. The coal-gate opening, which controls the fuel-bed thickness, is usually adjusted by hand, but the forced-draft air pressure and the grate speed are regulated by automatic combustion control. 5.3.4.3 Economic Attractiveness. Chain grate stokers are commercially available in the size range (10 to 100 million Btu/hr) applicable to power generating plants in rural Alaska. They are additionally attributed with being one of the most reliable and easily maintained methods of coal combustion. The equipment is flexible in fuel sizing and character and environ- mentally superior (particulate loading in stack gas) to the suspen- sion burning combustion -processes, thereby further reducing 5-37 5.3.5 operational and maintenance requirements of coal processing and emission control subsystems. Competitive power plant efficiency can be achieved with minimized fan horsepower requirements, equip- ment complexity, and system control. The economic attractiveness of the equipment is therefore favorable relative to alternative coal combustion processes. Spreader Stokers 5.3.5.1 Description. The essential difference between the spreader stoker and the chain grate stoker is that the former utilizes a combination of suspension burning and a thin, fast-burning fuel bed, whereas the latter employs the mass-bed-burning principle. The spreader stoker is extremely sensitive to load fluctuations since ignition is almost instantaneous on increase of firing rate, and burnout of the thin fuel bed can be rapidly effected when desired. The principle of spreader firing, though old, did not become practi- cal and popular until the early 1930s, when grates specially designed for spreader feeding were developed. These grates may be of the stationary, the intermittent-dumping, or the continuous- cleaning type (traveling, reciprocating, or vibrating), but it is essential that the design incorporate the high-resistance air- metering principle for best results. Figure 5-12 shows a typical spreader stoker when combined with a traveling grate. The modern spreader stoker consists essentially of feeder units arranged to distribute fuel evenly over the grate area, a specially designed grate, forced-draft systems for both undergrate and overfire air, and combustion controls to coordinate air and fuel supply with changing load demand. While the details of the various means used to spread and distribute the coal onto the grate differ, a mechanical rotor is most common. 5-38 Tangential Overfire Air Tangential Overfire Air Distributors Hitt Carbon-Recovery Nozzles Drive Shaft F Back-Stop Assembly Return Rails WESTERN ARCTIC COAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Spreader Stoker with Continuous Ash Discharge Grate 852352) Date: 9/30/85 Figure 5-12 5-39 Rotors are designed to overthrow or to underthrow, the former being more popular. Correct longitudinal distribution is obtained by varying the speed of the rotors. In some instances the fuel is spread by pneumatic means, using air, a mixture of air and hot furnace gases, or steam to project the coal onto the grate. With this method, the coal is fed by a controlled mechanism, and the nozzle at the entrance to the furnace is adjusted to modify the trajectory. A deflector wedge within the nozzle is used to obtain lateral distribution. 5.3.5.2 Applicability. The spreader stoker offers the attributes of good combustion effi- ciency and good response to load changes. It is flexible in its ability to burn a wide range of fuels from high-rank Eastern bitumi- nous to lignite or brown coal and is also adaptable to the burning of fine coal. Optimum coal sizing for this type of firing is 0.75 in. with about 50% passing through a 0.25 in. screen. Therefore, coal processing requirements fall in between those of pulverized coal plants and other stokers. Because there is partial burning of the fuel in suspension, spreader stoker firing produces a much higher density of particulate matter in the flue gases than is usual with underfeed or other mass-burning equipment. Dust collectors are therefore required to separate the particles before stack discharge. However, the use of fly-carbon return systems, to reinject carryover to the furnace for burning, substantially reduces combustible losses to the stack, and together with low carbon losses to the ashpit, the net result is a minimum total combustible loss. Spreader stokers are an option in steam Rankine cycle power plants, where the walls of the furnace are water cooled. General practice prohibits their use in refractory fired furnaces where slag or 5-40 clinker formation adjacent to the stoker might interfere with the movement of the fuel bed. 5.3.5.3 Economic Attractiveness. The increased coal processing requirements, mechanical equipment complexity, and system operational and control requirements of the spreader stoker relative to alternative mass burning stokers are partially offset by superior load following and combustion effi- ciency. The spreader stoker is, however, only an option for steam Rankine cycle power plants having a water wall boiler. 5.4 Heating Technologies Throughout history, coal has been used to provide heat. In the first half of the twentieth century, coal was the major source of heat in the industrialized world. Later, the availability of low cost oil and natural gas caused a rapid decline in coal consumption. Still, in certain regions of the United States, coal remains an abundant and popular fuel source. Direct methods of burning coal to produce heat involve coal stoves and coal furnaces. Indirect methods involve electric resistance heating where the power plant is coal fired and district heating systems that recover and distribute the exhaust heat from a coal-fired power cycle, usually after the power generation cycle. 5.4.1. District Heating Systems District heating is a community-wide heating system whereby heat is distributed from a central source to a group of buildings by means of a pipeline network. The heat carriers commonly used are hot water and steam. Table 5-5 compares the two carriers as heat transfer mediums. The heat is delivered to buildings in a closed-loop piping system consisting of supply and return lines. In the case of steam, the supply line delivers live steam to consumers' equipment and the return line returns condensate to the central plant. In a hot water system, the supply line delivers hot water at temperatures up to 250°F and the return line returns the water at about 160°F. 5-41 Table 5-5 Comparison of Water and Steam As a Heat Transfer Medium Factor Water Steam Transfer over long distances Easily accommodated Can lose heat causing a change from steam to hot water Deterioration of insulation Far less serious consequences Serious consequences due to higher operating temperatures Internal corrosion Less prone Can be problem depending on water quality Piping costs Lower Accommodating Large elevation differences Requires a higher operating pressure to prevent water from vaporizing at higher elevations; not a concern to flat landscape of Nome Kivalina due and No problem Type of insulation Low cost polyurethane foam which is readily available Requires high-temperature fiberglass insulation Experience Standard in Scandanavian countries Used extensively in the U.S. in 1930s-1950s Heat transfer surface Requires larger surface area than steam Minimizes area requirement due to higher operating temperature | | | 5-42 Usually, district heating systems are large multimillion dollar instal- lations located in large cities. The heat source often consists of cogenerating plants that simultaneously generate heat and power from either oil, gas, or coal. These projects can provide good economics, however, the minimum feasible scale of such a project is usually large. The actual peak heating demand, which is the decisive factor in sizing and costing a district heating pipeline, can be easily determined from statistical data such as fuel consumption figures and square footages of buildings. The installed capacities of existing equipment generally cannot be used because they tend to be much higher than required, usually two to three times the actual demand. The use of statistical procedures provides two types of advantages. First, anomalies caused by such factors as exceptional weather, excep- tional use, or design of the building, and the potential roll-over inven- tory of fuel from the previous heating season can be detected from the data for further evaluation. The second advantage is that the statis- tical averages can be used as a uniform base for estimating the potential future expansion of a district heating system. For this study, annual oil consumption figures were obtained for the larger commercial users in Nome. Building annual energy consumption data were first converted to specific energy demand values, expressed in Btu/ft*/degree-day, using the long-term statistical number of degree- days/yr for the location as published by the National Oceanic and Atmo- spheric Administration. These figures were averaged for further evaluation. In order to calculate the peak capacity demand, the specific energy demand was multiplied by the number of degree-days applicable to the statistically coldest 24-hr period during the year. This number was calculated using the difference between the 65°F indoor temperature (as in the definition of the heating degree-day) and the outdoor temperature, defined for various locations by the United States Army Corps of Engi- neers. The computation gave the specific peak capacity demand, expressed in Btu/hr/ft*. These figures were also averaged for further evaluation. 5-43 The peak capacity demand, expressed in Btu/hr, was obtained from the specific energy demand multiplied by the square footage of the building. Since the average specific energy demand figure of 8.04 Btu/ft*/ degree-day for Nome was rather low, it was decided to use 10 Btu/ft?/ degree-day instead. One building, with its 17.54 Btu/ft*/degree-day was substantially higher than the average, but this can be expected from a firehall with its characteristically large doors which tend to be frequently open and poorly insulated. Based on the average specific energy demand of 10 Btu/ft*/degree-day, the average peak capacity demand was 50 Btu/hr/ft*, which could be used to estimate the future district heating capacity. For buildings with known fuel consumption, the specific peak capacity demand figures were modified to match the average, assuming that the peak capacity and the annual energy consumption are directly proportional. All alternatives analyzed in this study were based on heat recovery from stack gases and use hot water as the heat transfer medium since no compelling reasons to use steam exist. Hot water would be supplied at the maximum temperature of 250°F and returned at the maximum temperature of 160°F. The system is pressurized at 160 psi. The supply temperature would actually be variable, controlled according to the ambient temperature, so that the maximum of 250°F would only be used during the coldest outdoor temperatures. This would be done to optimize the transmission capacity of the pipeline, and all subsequent network schemes are based on this design philosophy. According to expe- riences encountered with Scandanavian district heating systems, the use of glycol or a water/glycol mixture is not necessary, however the system design does not preclude its use. In district heating systems, the distribution pipelines represent a large share of total investment. Therefore, any reduction in pipeline costs would be very beneficial to the economy of district heating. One way is to minimize site works and use prefabricated components as much as possible. In remote Alaskan areas, this is especially important. 5-44 The last link in a district heating system is the consumers's equipment, in which heat is transferred from the district heating water to the building. The user's equipment normally consists of one or more heat exchangers, control valves, controls, isolating valves, strainers, a pump, and an energy meter as shown in Figures 5-13 and 5-14. The system most commonly used, and also proposed for Nome, uses indirect heat by heat exchange. Direct systems are used when district heating water is circulated in the customer's coils and panels. Metering in Nome with two or three consumers is not necessary if the cost is shared according to previous consumption, on a square foot basis, or by some other commonly acceptable method. For plant operation manage- ment, recording of supply and return temperatures, as well as pump loads and fuel supply, is needed. In a multiple user network, energy meters are used where temperature differences between supply and return lines are measured and automatically multiplied by measured water flows. Normally the customer buys the so-called consumer's equipment, either as a package or as separate components. The utility brings piping into the consumer's premises and installs, owns, and maintains the heat meter. Interconnect equipment is normally located on the ground level or on the first floor to keep the static pressure of the district heating system within reasonable limits. The utility as heat seller has access to the consumer's premises to read and maintain the heat meter. Two systems for consumer connection exist: direct connection, where the system heat transfer medium runs through consumer's radiators, and indi- rect connection, where a heat exchanger transfers only heat to the consumer's system. The direct system has the advantage of lower initial costs and renders itself better to small buildings. Its principal disad- vantage is that consumer equipment is much more prone to leak than is the transmission system. The entire system is thus jeopardized by excess oxygen infiltration, water losses, or a major failure of consumer equip- ment. Domestic hot water heating should be indirect at any rate. 5-45 (SEE FIGURE 6-10) METERING CENTER HEAT EXCHANGER FOR AIR AIR HANDLING UNITS CONDITIONING INDUCTION UNITS HEAT EXCHANGER FOR SPACE SPACE HEATING RADIATORS HEATING RADIATORS DOMESTIC HOT WATER HEAT EXCHANGER FOR DOMESTIC VALVE (TYP) WATER HEATING WESTERN ARCTIC COAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Principal Flow Diagram of Consumer Equipment for Commercial/Institutional Air-Conditioned Buildings 853151 Prepared by: Date: 9/30/85 Figure 5-13 o00 Hl & KONO 5-46 TO CONSUMER EQUIPMENT | WATER METER PRESSURE GAUGE HEAT CALCULATOR THERMOMETER FILTER BALL VALVE SHUT OFF VALVE TAP PIPE SUPPORT COAL DEVELOPMENT qe WESTERN ARCTIC = PROJECT all a District Heat Metering Center Prepared by: Date: goo 9/30/85 il &KONO Figure 5-14 5-47 For buildings with existing steam or hot water radiators, indirect connection is a virtual must because the design pressures do not match in most cases. Buildings with forced air heating can be retrofit by insert- ing a hot water coil into the existing ductwork. Buildings with unit heaters or stoves need replacement unit heaters or hot water radiators. Any building's central heating system can be converted to district heat- ing. With hot water baseboard heating, hot water unitary heating, and forced air heating systems (Norton Sound Hospital), the conversion is simple and inexpensive. A standard interconnect or component-based interconnect is placed in buildings. Existing heating panels and coils can be used, and their design capacity is maintained. The heat exchanger can be designed for secondary loop temperatures of 190/160°F. For steam heating systems (Elementary School), larger retrofit oper- ations are needed. Alternatives are the following: * A steam generator (water-to-steam exchanger) is furnished instead of a water-to-water heat exchanger in the system interconnect. A condensate return pump and controls for steam pressure and water level as well as filling systems must be provided for the new closed steam loop. Room and zone controls and heat output will remain unchanged. To maintain adequate operating pressure of 2 to 6 psi in the steam radiator network, the district heating hot water supply temperature should be kept at 250°F throughout the heating season. * A new radiator network can be installed in the entire building with removal of existing steam radiators. A standard system interconnect can then be used. Room and zone controls will be new and heating capacity will be specified based on the existing demand. * A water-filled existing steam network with a standard system interconnect can be used, although an effective circulation pump will be needed. Existing steam traps and steam valves are removed 5-48 and replaced by manual or thermostatic hot water flow control valves. The heat output of radiators will decrease by 25 to 30%, which must be compensated somehow. One way is to improve windows and the air tightness of the building. Another way is to add unitary hot water heaters in rooms along the mains. Also, retro- fitting the ventilation systems and providing the capacity needed through a forced hot air supply are possible. The condition and construction pressure of steam radiators must be checked before system selection. All three alternatives are expensive and very site specific. For cost estimating purposes, the first alternative is assumed. District heating systems using special coal-fired gas turbine power cycle plants are technically feasible. The process schemes need some special development to adjust the power supply and the heat supply to variable needs. To optimize the process cycle and unit sizes, the daily and annual power and heat demand variations must be established and outputs adapted to them. The power cycles under consideration have excess heating capacity compared to the heat demands in buildings selected for district heating. At full-load power production, so much waste heat is generated that the district heating demand could be doubled without increasing fuel demand in the boiler. However, during the night, the power demand may be so low that heat is the primary product. With cogeneration, plant efficiency is highest when both electricity and heat are produced at full capacity. Thus, some electrical heating during nighttime may be economically viable. The power cycle process should be balanced so that the heat-to- power ratio is favorable, and the existing diesel generators are reserved only for stand-by capacity. 5.4.2 Coal-Fired Stoves and Furnaces In the United States, most stoves are designed for wood and some models have been modified to use both coal and wood. Since many Alaskan natives 5-49 currently burn wood either as a primary or secondary heat source, it is expected that they will continue to do so after the switch from oil to coal. Therefore all stoves and furnaces should be designed to burn both coal and wood. Although coal has a complex composition, it is a much more uniform fuel than wood. WACDP coal has a low sulfur content and a rather high ash content. It is classified as high-volatile bituminous B coal, where the flame length is long and smoke and soot are formed if improperly fired. Coal furnaces are often suitable for wood firing, but grates designed for wood are not suitable for coal burning. Higher heating value, higher ash content, and the smaller size of fuel pieces require a heavy grate and ashpan for coal burning. One important difference in wood burning is the large volume of flue gases; wood burning generates almost 50% more flue gas than coal burning. In furnace design the characteristics of fuels to be used must be taken into account. Although the chemistries of coal and wood are quite simi- lar, they have unique combustion characteristics. First, the high mois- ture content of wood causes large volumes of superheated steam to be generated in the firebox, which depresses the temperature of combustion. Second, depending on fuel quality, large amounts of excess air may be required for wood combustion. Third, residence time in the firebox must be sufficient to allow for combustion of volatiles and entrained parti- cles. Therefore, the firebox must be large enough to maintain reasonable gas velocities and must contain significant amounts of refractory mate- rial to sustain the temperature of the fire when wood is burned. Combustion is different in each furnace type, and its efficiency is affected by several factors: construction of grate, method of feeding the furnace, pressure of stored fuel against the grate, etc. A refractory- lined firebox in the furnace helps to maintain high temperatures, which help to achieve complete combustion. The amount of burning material on the grate has to be large enough to maintain firebox temperatures suffi- ciently high to heat and burn the fuel completely. High moisture content 5-50 of the fuel or high excess of combustion air will reduce the temperature and deteriorate the furnace efficiency. The dominant heating system in Alaska's northern villages is the free- convection furnace. fFan-driven or thermostat-controlled furnaces are uncommon. Wood stove usage is common in rural areas and among the natives and is typically a locally manufactured 55-gallon barrel stove. It is inexpensive, variable by design, and easy to use and transport. But the efficiency of the barrel stove is low because of high excess air and high flue gas end temperature. In the United States market, there are several solid-fuel furnaces for small home applications. They are usually designed for wood burning, but in many cases can also be coal fired. Very few coal combustion boilers exist in the capacity range of 0.25 to 3.0 million Btu/hr required for small commercial buildings. For large applications, numerous automat- ically fed coal and hogwood fired boilers exist. In the midsize range there are some stoker fed coal boilers, which can be easily modified to chipped-wood feeding. Solid-fuel stoves and furnaces have been used in Europe for centuries. Present models are the result of historic evaluation and some modern technology research. Anthracite coal has been the most used fuel in western Europe. In Scandinavia, wood-fired stoves have been preferred. Typically, coal stoves have shaker grates and large ash pans. This grate system also burns wood quite efficiently. New wood/coal burning technol- ogies apply an inclined shaker grate and often a dual combustion chamber design. To get complete and efficient combustion, the firebox is divided into two chambers. Good combustion requires rather low primary air volumes and a separate preheated secondary air inlet to the secondary combustion chamber. Room is available in some models for an oil or gas burner in the secondary chamber where ash accumulation is minimal. The TARM 500 series, which is similar to the Danish TARM stoves currently installed in Alaska, is a typical example. 5-51 Table 5-6 provides an overview of the different types of solid-fuel stoves and boilers and their capacities, combustion efficiencies, and prices. In the contiguous United States, the price level of imported European stoves and boilers seems to be about the same as domestic ones. The prices of stand-alone coal/wood stoves range from $600 up. Factory manu- factured chimneys cost about $300. Therefore the total cost of a new stove is about $1,000 and above. Modern multifuel boilers with dual- combustion chambers cost about $3,000 installed. Additional information on pricing can be found in Appendix L. The existing 55-gallon barrel stoves will need new heavy grates if converted to coal. The efficiency will still be low and the Lifetime quite short. Also, the typical existing through-the-wall chimneys are too short for coal firing. Considering an investment of about $1,000 for a new free-standing stove, there will be about a one-year payback compared to purchased oil. New stoves provide more even and controllable heat distribution and remarkably better cooking facilities than traditional barrel stoves. A free-standing stove is a most suitable solution for homes if inexpensive coal is available. Free-convection heating systems enable light con- struction and freezing hazards to be avoided. One drawback is the high chimney length required in coal firing. To keep good combustion and avoid flue gas backflows into the room, typically a 20-foot chimney is needed to guarantee 0.03 to 0.05 in. WC draft. In small commercial buildings, coal may be the only fuel regularly used. Wood as a backup is an advantage. The boiler can be designed for coal firing with the potential to change to wood. In this midsize range, some modern and more complex designs can be supported. However, their share as energy users is small compared to energy use in homes. One advantage to the modern design of coal/wood burning equipment is the long burn times. The laboratory test data presented in Figure 5-15 5-52 Table 5-6 Conceptual Price Levels of Different Heat Appliances in the US Market Capacity Combustion Price Range Efficiency Range (MBtu/hr) (%) ($) Stoves Wood 10-60 60-75 500-1,500 Wood/Coal 10-70 60-75 600-2 ,000 Coal 30-70 65-75 600-2,000 Boilers Wood 70-250 65-80 2,000-3,500 Wood/coal, single chamber 70-300 65-80 2,000-3,500 Coal 100-300 65-80 2,000-3,500 Multifuel, double chamber 70-300 75-85 2,800-4,000 5-53 VERMONT CASTINGS 58.08 1 1 55% 60% 65% 70% 75% Overail efficiency, averaged at 10,000, 20,000 and 30,000 Btu/hour. (See Questions and Answers.) OVERALL EFFICIENCY Gili ly ein ase 24,282 il SWEET HOME- ————— VERMONT CASTINGS 31,658 1 1 | Btujhour 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 How low, and how high, each stove burned during the OMNI test. ARROWE cATAETIC eS TES 1.6 BLAZE KING CATALYTIC a as 3.3 EARTH STOVE caTALyTic TESTED Btu RANGE SWEET HOME VERMONT CASTINGS nz zo OF a> a = is Grams/hour 5 10 1s 20 Emissions, or pollution, put into the air, or into your chimney as creosote. BURN TIMES Hours 18 : 20 25 Maximum burn time at 10,000 Btu/hour, calculated from tested efficiency and cord wood loading, + 15%. WESTERN ARCTIC THESE ARE LAB TEST RESULTS =< ae INDIVIDUAL RESIDENTIAL INSTALLATIONS MAY VARY. Performance Parameters of Coal/Wood Burning Stoves Date: 9/30/85 Figure 5-15 5-54 indicate that most stoves will burn one load of fuel from 10 to 15 hours. Thus there is no need for constant or even frequent attention. Appen- dix L presents literature on various stove and furnace designs. 5.4.3 Electric Resistance Heating Electric resistance heating is a clean, quiet method of residential heat- ing which converts electricity to heat utilizing the resistance of the metal in the heating element to the flow of an electric current. Although this method generates no pollutants, resistance heating is only cost effective when the cost of electricity is low. Electric resistance heaters, as shown in Figure 5-16, are usually installed in the form of baseboard heaters, which come in standard lengths from 28 to 120 inches. To provide the 30,000 Btu/hr required by the average rural Alaskan home, 40 feet of baseboard heaters would be required. This would represent an investment of $700. Additional cost could be incurred if the current wiring cannot handle the additional 10-kW, 240-volt load. Installation would also require additional elec- tric wiring effort which would be unique to each location. 5.5 Technology Matrix Table 5-7 presents a summary of the relative attractiveness (rating) of the candidate technologies. Five evaluation categories are summarized: * Economic Attractivness - assessment was made based on the following factors: - Power cycle heat rate (fuel cost) - Capital cost of the equipment - Projected operating cost. * Technical Status and Reliability - assessment was based on the follow- ing factors: 5-55 @ Fast Easy Installation ® Quiet Performance @ Safe and Clean Operation @ 28 to 120 in. Lengths @ 1706 to 8532 Btu/hr @ 240/208 V; 60 Hz Service — 250 W/ft on 240 V — 187 W/ft on 208 V WESTERN ARCTIC Q2 COAL DEVELOPMENT — PROJECT Electric Baseboard Heaters Date: 9/30/85 Figure 5-16 5-56 Table 5-7 Technology Rating Evaluation Criteria Economic Reliability Environmental Social Total Attractiveness Status Consideration O&M Impact Rating Power Technology Diesel (Baseline) 2 1 2 3 1 1.8 Simple Brayton 3 2 1 1 2 1.8 Cycle Steam-In jected 1 2 2 3 2 2.0 Brayton Steam Rankine 2 1 2 4 2 2.2 Organic Rankine 4 2 2 2 3 2.6 Stirling 5 5 1 5 2 3.6 Combustion Technology Pulverized Coal 4 4 5 3 2 3.8 Fluidized Bed 5 5 4 4 3 4.2 Underfeed Stoker 1 3 2 3 1 2.0 Spreader Stoker 3 2 3 2 2 2.4 Chain Grate Stoker 2 1 1 1 i 1.2 Heating Technology Oil Furnace 2 2 3 5 1 2.6 District Heating 5 2 1 1 2 2.2 Resistance Heating 5 1 . 1 1 2 2.0 Coal Stoves 1 1 4 2 2 2.2 Coal Furnaces 3 2 4 2 2 2.6 Rated on an arbitrary scale of 1 to 5 with 1 = high and 5 = low. 5-57 - Demonstrated performance of the technology - Expected technology status in two years - Quantity and complexity of the equipment. * Environmental Impact - assessment of difficulty in achieving accept- able and minimum environmental impact was based on the following factors: - Power technology - process emission and fluids discharged (i.e., boiler blowdown, chemical, water vapor/ice fog emissions) - Combustion technologies - stack gas emissions - Water requirements - Noise emissions - Land use impact. Operating and Maintenance Characteristics - assessment was made on the following factors: - Quantity of equipment - Complexity of equipment - Maintenance requirement of key equipment - Operational manpower requirement of the system - Operational characteristics of the equipment in arctic conditions. * Social Impact - assessment was made on the following factors: - Community acceptance - Local employment - Aesthetics 5.6 Environmental Considerations Stack emissions from fossil-fuel combustion are dependent on the type of fuel, method of firing, size and temperature of the combustion chamber, and effi- ciency of the combustion process. In determining the effects of a conversion to coal, environmental consider- ations are governed by the State of Alaska Air Quality Control Regulations. State of Alaska Air Quality Control Regulation 18.AAC50.050 limits the allow- able particulate emissions from fuel-burning equipment to 0.1 grains per 5-58 standard cubic foot (g/SCF) corrected to standard conditions for industrial coal-fired systems rated less than 250 million Btu/hr. Sulphur compound emis-— sions, expressed as sulfur dioxide, may not exceed 500 parts per million (ppm). The regulations do not designate utility electrical power plants as a separate category for regulatory purposes. Therefore, it is expected that the indus- trial standards would apply to a centralized coal power facility in either community. Quantitative regulations for residential coal burning are not included in 18.AAC50, Rev. October 1983; however, the provisions of 18.AAC50.085 "Wood-Fired Heating Devices" and 18.AAC5.110 "Prohibiting Air Pollution" might reasonably be applied to residential coal burning for space heating. Using the coal analysis of the assumed typical Western Arctic Coal (see Section 5.1), combustion calculations show the following products of combustion for each of the prime candidate central plant coal technologies. Brayton Cycle Steam Cycle Diesel lb/1b Coal Burned 1b/1b Coal Burned 1b/1b Oil Burned No 38.93 11.2 25.9 NOx — sont 0.0472 02 7.85 1.48 4.61 cO2 2.736 2.730 2.22 co — ates 0.0056 H20 0.4248 0.4248 3.67 SOx 0.0032 0.0032 0.0117 c 0.0074 0.0148 0.0039 HC — a 0.0153 Ash* 0.093 0.093 om Total 50.044 15.945 36.484 *The majority of ash remains as bottom ash. The difference in stack gas is a function of the process requirements for each technology. Power cycle efficiency is improved in the steam cycle by the use 5-59 of minimum excess air (typically 150% of the theoretical air required for complete combustion), while in the Brayton cycle, power cycle efficiency is highest at typically 400% excess air. In both cases, SO2 compliance is achieved via a wide margin due to the low sulfur content of the fuel. The worst case relative to sulfur dioxide is the steam cycle, because SO2 makes up a larger percentage of the exhaust gas, equivalent to an emission rate of 200 ppm by weight. Particulate emission compliance is largely a function of the coal-firing tech- nology chosen. In pulverized coal and spreader stokers there is a large particulate carryover from the suspended burning. The chain grate stoker, however, has the feature of minimum bed disturbance. This leads to the release of fewer and larger size fly ash particles from the combustion cham- ber. The larger particles are more easily collected. Using calculated procedures recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency for chain grate stokers, it is estimated that of the 0.093 pound of ash per pound of coal, 0.027 pound of fly ash will be generated and 0.066 pound of bottom ash will remain. This would translate to particulate loadings of 0.96 g/SCF and 0.294 g/SCF of stack gas for steam and Brayton cycles, respectively. Both cases exceed the allowable emission standards of 0.1 g/SCF without the addition of stack gas clean-up equipment. Although it is possible that mechanical cyclones might allow compliance when combined with chain grate stokers and their typically larger coal particle size, the conservative approach is to include stack gas filters (baghouse). Considering community concern about the environment, a baghouse filter system is the recommended approach. With baghouse efficiencies over 97%, the stack emission from a centralized coal facility will be below 0.03 g/SCF. This compares favorably not only with Alaska's air quality standard of 0.1 g/SCF but with typical emissions from oil-fired equipment of 0.1 to 0.3 g/SCF. The particulate emissions from residential hand-fired equipment vary widely, dependent upon the equipment and operation. United States Environmental Protection Agency surveys in 1975 found typical emissions in the range of 5-60 2.4 g/SCF with commercially available equipment. Therefore, the particulate emissions from residential coal firing can be expected to be 50 to 100 times worse than from a centralized facility burning the same quantity of coal. A transition from diesel power generation to coai-fired power generation would have other environmental effects on the community. The most noticeable of these being land use. The physical size of a coal-fired power generating plant is typically 5 times that of a comparably sized diesel generating power plant, and the space requirements for coal storage is typically 5 times that of the equipment building itself. Plant siting, therefore, requires the allo- cation of a significant quantity of real estate. This could influence commu- nity growth patterns. The equipment noise external to the power plant enclosure can be expected to be slightly better than from diesel-generator sets. This is because the frequency of the equipment noise is higher than diesels and is therefore more easily absorbed and attenuated by a well-designed building structure. Process upsets resulting in relief valve opening must be expected and will create a disturbance external to the building in steam Rankine cycle power plants only. The relationship of the port (coal unloading facility), coal storage pile, and power plant will impact the community in terms of heavy equipment traffic and noise. This impact can of course be minimized through proper plant siting. 5-61 6.0 INSTALLATION DESIGN Based on the technology assessment discussed in Section 5.0, a determination of the most attractive coal utilization technologies was made jointly by MTI and ASCE. The technologies evaluated as best meeting the community coal end-use criteria were a simple air cycle for the village of Kivalina and a steam-injected Bray- ton cycle (best economics) or, alternatively, a steam Rankine cycle (most available) for Nome. A preliminary installation design was developed for each of these candidate coal systems. These designs were then used to more accu- rately define plant operational requirements, as well as equipment and instal- lation costs. The installation designs implemented coal storage methods and operational procedures similar to those in use in several coal-fired power plants in the Fairbanks area. A description of these coal handling and processing oper- ations and a discussion of their applicability to the Alaskan environment can be found in Appendix A, "Data from Tour of Alaskan Coal-Burning Power Plants." 6.1 Kivalina 6.1.1. Existing Power and Heating Facilities Power in Kivalina is currently generated with one Caterpillar D353 diesel-powered generator of 300-kW capacity, one Caterpillar D342 diesel-powered generator rated at 160-kW capacity, and a John Deere Model 6619A rated at 150 kW. The 300-kW D353 is scheduled to be replaced with a new, self-contained 150-kW generator set. The Kivalina school has two cast-iron hot water boilers reported to be in moderate condition. Oper- ating at 50 psig, these boilers burn No. 2 oil to provide hot water to the baseboard heaters throughout the building plus some unitary heaters in the gymnasium and auditorium. The maximum water supply temperature is 190°F. Domestic hot water is heated by a coil in a storage tank. Resi- dential heating is provided by convection oil furnaces and is supple- mented by burning wood in stoves crafted from 55-gallon barrels. 6.1.2 Energy Consumption In 1984, Kivalina generated 596,400 kWh of power and sold 527,524 kWh, an increase of 20% over 1983. The peak load in 1984 was 168 kW, up from 118 kW in 1983, with an average load of 67.9 kW. Diesel fuel in the amount of 62,230 gallons, purchased at an average price of $1.544 per gallon, was consumed in 1984 for an efficiency of 9.58 kW/gallon of fuel. Kivalina experiences an annual average of 16,793 heating degree-days. Heat for the residences is provided by residential heating oil, currently priced at $2.04 a gallon, and driftwood which is burned in stoves made from 55-gallon oil barrels. The driftwood supply is limited, with natives collecting from as far away as 20 miles. In 1984 the town used 50,000 to 55,000 gallons of heating oil for residential heating. The heating oil is distributed through the ANICA general store and delivered to homes by a snowmobile pulling a barrel sitting on a dogsled. In addition to the town fuel supply, the school purchased 29,000 gallons of fuel oil for heating in 1984. 6.1.3 Selected Options to Meet Energy Requirements 6.1.3.1 Brayton Cycle System. A schematic representation and conceptual equipment layout of the 180-kWe, simple Brayton-cycle power plant at Kivalina are presented in Figures 6-1 and 6-2, respectively. Coal storage is provided in a yard pile with coal moved by a front- end loader. The annual coal usage of the plant would be approxi- mately 1000 tons, requiring a yard pile approximately 100 ft x 100 ft x 4-ft deep. The in-plant coal handling/storage equipment would include coal bunkers (14-day capacity) with light conveyor and feeder for loading. Coal feed to the furnace is controlled by a metering screw conveyor. Coal combustion takes place on a chain grate stoker within a precast refractory-lined furnace. Stoker feed rate and combustion air are 6-2 | Y District O Heating quipment Gas to Air Heat Exchanger ' 1 738° 8 SN a ae 1§00°F Storage — Furnace Turbine Control | a {\ Coal Stoker Metering 6 Y 258 Ib/hr Fly Ash Bottom Asn ‘ 17 Ib/hr Air re Compressor 180 kW, Generator 3 o, 60 Hz Base and Lube Reservoir WESTERN ARCTIC COAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Brayton Cycle (180-kW, Installation at Kivalina) 852796-1 Prepared by: Date: 9/30/85 GC A TURBINE AIR INTAKE — REFRACTORY GAS/AIR, - = BY-PASS. - EXHAUST. = CAMPER ASH i EF BAGHOUSE DEPOSIT DISTRICT Com. STORAGE STORAGE 7 TURBINE / AND GENE oe COAL. FURNACE / “——F OFAN ) WESTERN ARCTIC 2. COAL DEVELOPMENT SS PROJECT Conceptual Equipment Layout for Kivalina; 180-kW,, Coal-Fired Simple Air Cycle 852803} Prepared by: Date: 9/30/85 modulated according to plant demand to maintain a combustion gas temperature of approximately 1600°F. The heat from the combustion gases is transfered to the Brayton power cycle via a gas-to-air heat exchanger immediately downstream of the furnace. The equipment configuration shown indicates equipment for extraction of the residual energy from the combustion gases and its use for space heating. The "district heating skid" includes an in-duct heat exchanger, pump, receiver, and controls. Particulates entrained in the combustion gases are removed in a fabric filter baghouse prior to exhausting the gases to atmosphere through the induced draft (ID) fan and stack. The power cycle equipment (compressor, turbine, generator, gear, lube system, and turbine control) is a factory-packaged, skid-mounted assembly located adjacent to the gas-to-air heat exchanger. The exhaust from the turbine is ducted to the furnace as combustion air. Additional equipment required to complete the power plant includes generator switchgear, an auxiliary motor control center, a plant monitoring and control panel, a battery for turbine start, and an air compressor. Figure 6-3 provides a conceptual plant layout for the 180-kWe, coal-fired, simple air cycle. It suggests that a building 68 ft x 58 ft would conservatively house the equipment and provide adequate space for operations and maintenance. The total in-plant internal electrical load, including motors, controls, and lighting, is estimated to be 15 kW as summarized in Table 6-1. The available power for distribution (net plant capacity) is therefore calculated to be 4165 kW. The operation of a coal-fired power plant (any size) must be antic- ipated to require continuous monitoring. In addition, ash removal, adjustments to coal metering, and plant housekeeping are likely to be required on a continuous three-shift basis. Coal processing and 6-5 MOTOR CONTROL |\ STORAGE § HEATERS \ O™*) C AIR [’ a Sr) OMPRESSOR O LUBRICANT STORAGE MAINTENANCE AREA Ue = BATTERY rye + PLANT/SYSTEM CONTROL ~GENERATOR \* TCHGEAR OFFICE NARD EQUIPMENT STORAGE ¢ MAINTENANCE. LOCKER co \ = c— DISTRICT HEATING SKID COAL PROCESSING /YARD EQUIPMENT STORAGE BUILDING COAL THAW AREA GRID APRON. FEEDER/UNDER CONVEYOR —___ | 14 DAY COAL SUPPLY —~ COAL METERING COAL FURNACE ASH SILO. “CO }| REMOVAL WESTERN ARCTIC COAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT qd. Conceptual Power Plant Layout for Kivalina; 180-kWe, Coal-Fired Simple Air Cycle 852807] Date: 9/30/85 Prepared by: fin i MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY INC. Table 6-1 Piant Internal Electrical Loads (Simple Air Cycle at Kivalina) Generator Output 180 kWe Power Plant Usage (kWe): * FD Fan 1.0 * ID Fan 9.0 * Stoker 0.3 * Coal Conveying 0.8 * Air Compressor 0.558 Plant Lighting 2.6 Plant Controls 1.25 Total Plant Load _15 kWe Net Plant Output 165 kWe 6-7 coal-pile maintenance operations are anticipated to be a single- shift activity, most likely occurring as infrequently as every third day. All major equipment maintenance, scheduled and unscheduled, would be handled by service technicians from outside of the community. Two classifications of jobs or skills are required for plant oper- ations: 1. Plant Operator: primary responsibility - monitoring and recording plant operations and making routine and docu- mented adjustments to equipment and controls. 2. Operating Assistant: primary responsibility - coal pile maintenance and loading of coal bin (front-end loader equipment operator); ash handling and plant housekeeping; also training in plant operations. A typical staffing arrangement and operations summary is shown in Figure 6-4. Although the plant could be run with a total of seven full-time employees, a total payroll of nine might be typical and was utilized for the economic analysis costing. This payroll included: hr/yr 1 Lead Plant Operator 2080 4 Plant Operators 8736 4 Operating Assistants 4160 6.1.3.2 District Heating. A district heating system designed to service the entire village and a system which would serve the Kivalina school were investigated. The study shows that because of the relatively small heat load required by each residential home and the high cost of extending the 6-8 1st Shift 2nd Shift 3rd Shift Lead Plant Operator Operating Plant Plant Assistant Operator Operator Operating Operating Operatin ' Assistant Assistant Assistant (Part-Time) (Part-Time) Man-Hours Required Per Shift Operation 1st Shift 2nd Shift 3rd Shift Ash Removal 1.5 1.5 15 Work Coal Pile 5.0 _ _ Load Day Bin 3.0 = = Plant and Equipment Maintenance 6.5 Monitor and Adjust Equipment 8.0 WESTERN ARCTIC = COAL DEVELOPMENT == PROJECT Staffing and Operations Summary for Kivalina Air Cycle Power Plant 853228 Date: 9/30/85 Figure 6-4 system to the widely scattered homes, district heating systems that cover an entire town have a high installation cost. The Kivalina school consumed 29,000 gallons of fuel oil in 1984, or 35% of the total heating oil sold in Kivalina. This represents the largest heating load in town. The floor area of the school is about 26,000 square feet, which gives a specific energy demand of 6.13 Btu/ft*/degree-day. This number looked low when compared to previ- ous energy consumption data, so it was decided to use 10 Btu/ft*/degree-day instead. Based on a design temperature of -58°F, the peak heat demand would be 1.33 x 10° Btu/hr which could be supplied with a 1.5-in. diameter branch pipe. Kivalina High School can be easily converted to utilize heat froma Brayton cycle gas turbine boiler plant, since the existing hot water distribution system can be used with direct connections. The heat recovery exchanger in the Brayton cycle system can be connected in parallel to the existing hot water boilers, and the existing build- ing control devices can be used to control heat supply. The exist- ing hot water boilers can be utilized in a back-up capacity. Installation of the system would require a total of 500 feet of 1.5-in. diameter pipe running between the school and the power- house. All piping would be installed above ground. Since the cogeneration process produces electricity and heat as joint products, the only operational costs attributable to district heat- ing are those over and above those associated with the normal gener- ation of electricity. A district heating system serving just the school would minimize the installation cost. A second alternative would be to extend the system so that all dwellings in the village are served by the district heating system. The residential connection to the district heating system would utilize an indirect connection, where a heat exchanger transfers only heat to the consumer's system. The cost of consumer connection 6-10 6.2 to a district heating system is extremely site specific. For Kiva- lina, an average cost of $50.00 per thousand Btu/hr was used. Nome 6.2.1 Existing Power and Heating Facilities Nome has two power-generating plants. The main plant is located at the Snake River and has six units with an installed diesel generating capaci- ty of 4368 kW. The second plant, a remote diesel unit, is located at Belmont Point and rated at 2600 kW. In addition, the Gold Company's power plant operates three 750-kW gas turbines and two 800-kW diesel generators to provide power for the mining operations. This equipment is privately owned and not connected to the utility grid. 6.2.2 Energy Consumption Total production in Nome for 1984 was 20,595,000 kWh with a peak demand of 3900 kW and an average demand of 2400 kW. This represented a 6.3% increase over the 1983 demand. The diesel engines required 1,542,892 gallons of fuel in 1984 for an average efficiency of 13.35 kWh/gal. The diesel fuel was purchased at $1.113 per gallon. Nome experiences an annual average of 14,325 heating degree-days. Essentially, all heat for government, commercial, and residential buildings is currently provided by heating oil. The total 1984 oil consumption in Nome was approximately 2,082,000 gallons. Table 6-2 presents the 1984 space-heating fuel oil consumption data for both the publicly owned and large commercial buildings in Nome. The total oil consumption for these buildings was 681,204 gallons, leaving approximately 1,400,000 gallons for the heating of residential and small commercial buildings. Accurate figures on the oil consumption of these individual smaller buildings in Nome are not available; however, using an 6-11 Table 6-2 1984 Space Heat Fuel Oil Consumption Data for Large Buildings in Nome, Alaska (based on written and phone communications with Patrick Gillen/ASCE) Fuel Used 1984 (gal) City-Owned Buildings Convention Center 6,200 Library 3,200 Firehall 13,700 City Hall/scc 10,300 Visitor Information Center 1,500 Recreation Facility 16,000 Subtotal City Owned 50,900 Nome Public Schools Beltz Complex, 3 mi out 188,500 - High School 163,376 sq ft - Apartment 20,514 sq ft Elementary, Downtown 75,000 State of Alaska (2) Of fices/Downtown 12,500 Shop/Beltz Complex 5,275 Jail/Beltz Complex 110,000 U.S. Post Office 38,000 Norton Sound Hospital 83,017 AK Commercial Co. Store (3) 45,455 Nome Nugget Inn (3) 29,723 Old Federal Building (4) 30,619 Polaris Hotel (4) 12,215 Bering Straits Native Corp. DNA* Stop Shop Store DNA Subtotal, Beltz Complex 303,775 Subtotal, Downtown 377,429 Total, Bldg./Fuel Data 681,204 Tons Per Year Coal Equivalent 3,917 *DNA - Data Not Available 6-12 estimate of 885 heated structures in this catagory, an average annual oil consumption of 1,580 gallons per year is implied. 6.2.3. Selected Options to Meet Energy Requirements 6.2.3.1 Steam Rankine Cycle System. Figure 6-5 presents a schematic representation of the Rankine steam cycle process and Figures 6-6 and 6-7 show the conceptual equipment arrangements for the steam boiler and steam turbine-generator and the conceptual plant layout, respectively. The annual coal requirements of the steam plant will be approximate- ly 20,000 tons. Storage is in a yard pile typically 300 ft x 400 ft x 5 ft deep. Coal transportation (up to 74 tons/day) and coal-pile maintenance would be accomplished with a front-end loader. Functionally, the process consists of three operations, and the plant is divided into three areas: coal and ash processing, coal combustion/steam generation, and electric power generation via the steam turbine. The coal processing area provides space for yard equipment storage, maintenance, and coal thawing; it also houses the coal crusher and conveyor utilized for correct sizing of the coal (0.75 in. top size) and transport to the elevated coal bunkers adjacent to the steam boiler. The estimated 5 tons/day of bottom ash generated is pneu- matically conveyed to a storage silo, sized for 1 week (40 tons) capacity at full plant electrical load. Coal combustion takes place on a chain grate stoker, with combustion rate (combustion air and stoker speed) controlled to maintain the design steam condition of 650 psi and 750°F. The boiler section includes a radiant superheater and economizer. Final particulate removal from the stack gas is accomplished in a fabric filter 6-13 Coal Feed 65 tons/day Coal Metering 6150 Ib/hr Steam 47,900 Ib/hr 650 psig, 750°F Baghouse Superheater . Economizer CY Feedwater 2S Regulator Extraction Steam 50 psig 1179 Btu/Ib Deaerator 4590 Ib/hr ee District Heating Le | T Feedwater Storage Tank (1c) 230°F Air-Cooled Condenser From Turbine Seal System Condensate Receiver Tank 126°F (MS : 94 Btu/Ib 43,310 Ib/h Gland Seal wate ‘ Steam Condenser 230°F 198 Btu/Ib 47,900 Ib/hr — Feedwater Pump Condensate Pump Water Treatment 43,310 Ib/hr 1040 Btu/Ib 4200 kWe 4160 V 60 Hz, 39, 0.8 PF 150°F 120°F Hot Oil Lube Oil Supply Air-Cooled Oil Cooler 292,500 Btu/hr WESTERN ARCTIC COAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Rankine Steam Cycle (4200-kW, Installation at Nome) 852797-1 Prepared by: Date: 9/30/85 LOADER PARKING t MAINTENANCE SERGE ESSN DRAPE PE SPAS SGRNRASE COAL WORKING AREA BAG HOUSE oi OAL FEEDERS surmmeaten SSoers. 7] id al a \NDUCED BOWER EXHAUST ECONOMIZER DRAFT FAN DUCTS, | | MAIN STEAe ptm ak MACHINERY SKID Tr oo. ! S Q]|\ WATER TREATMENT SKID - ara RES — =— = at WESTERN ARCTIC nue ee oe d COAL DEVELOPMENT | ~¥—___—. PROJECT ii CONTROL { a y Conceptual Power Plant Layout for PLOT PLAN Nome; 4200-kW, Steam Rankine Cycle 852804-2 Prepared by: Date: maw 9/30/85 al Figure 6-6 ECONOMIZER BOILER SUPERHEATER INDUCED DRAFT FAN TURBINE EXHAUST DUCT STEAM TURBINE ob Ape en WESTERN ARCTIC t Tey o2_ COAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT ale SStest j— Conceptual Equipment Layout for Steam LL wene ator Turbine/Condenser for Nome DEAERATOR 852806-1 Prepared by: Date: STEAM CONDENSER nsw 9/30/85 j &, Figure 6-7 baghouse (located outside) prior to discharge to the atmosphere through the boiler, induced draft fan, and stack. The turbine room contains the turbine-generator skid and also houses the subsystems required to complete the balance of the mechanical plant. These include: * Water treatment skid * Boiler blowdown skid * Condenser air ejector * Condensate pumps * Boiler feed pumps * Deaerator * Seal ejector * Lube oil skid * Air compressor. The power plant control room, containing both control and elec- trical switchgear, is located adjacent to the turbine-generator equipment skid. The total plant internal electrical load, including motors, controls, and lighting, is estimated at 266 kWe as summarized in Table 6-3. The net plant capacity available for distribution is, therefore, estimated to be 3934 kWe. The operation and maintenance requirements associated with the described 4-MWe coal-steam power plant are generally compatible with the skill levels demonstrated in the operation and maintenance of the diesel-generator sets currently utilized in Nome. Training will, of course, be required in both steam plant system operation and maintenance of equipment, however, the technology would seem to be compatible with available skills. Many states require a state-licensed boiler operator for fired steam generators of this size and pressure. The state of Alaska has 6-17 Table 6-3 Plant Internal Electrical Loads (Rankine Cycle at Nome) Generator Output 4200 kWe Power Cycle Parasitics (kWe) FD Fan 25.0 ID Fan 75.0 Stoker 0.745 Coal Conveying 0.6 Pumps: - Lube 1 - Boiler Feed 52 - Condensate 7 - Other 0 * Condenser Fans 89. * Plant: - Air Compressor 2.9 - Control 2.5 - Lighting 5.5 - HVAC Miscellenous 2.9 eoece ee Total Plant Load 266 kWe Net Plant Output 3934 kWe 6-18 established boiler operator classifications and makes provisions for licensing but currently does not require operators to be licensed. The operation of the combined steam generation and electric power plant is anticipated to require two operators on each shift: a control-room systems operator and an equipment operator on the operating floor to monitor and adjust the mechanical equipment including ash transfer to the storage silo. Coal processing and yard pile maintenance is a daily, single-shift operation, typically requiring two equipment operators. Figure 6-8 presents a typical staffing arrangement for a stand- alone, coal-fired steam power plant in the 5 to 20 MWe power range. Variations in the size of the total plant payroll on the order of 2:1 are not uncommon between plants in this size range. This vari- ance is not only attributable to size but also to operating philoso- phy, age, or maturity at the plant and accessibility to outside or shared maintenance personnel. For the purposes of estimating the operations and maintenance costs associated with the steam Rankine cycle plant, the following plant payroll was assumed. Man-days/yr Plant Supervisors and Foremen 1080 System Control Operators 1080 Equipment Operators 1080 Maintenance Personnel 1560 Coal Processing Operators 780 6.2.3.2 Steam-Injected Brayton Cycle. Another option, the steam-injected Brayton: cycle, is presented schematically in Figure 6-9 with the conceptual equipment arrange- ment and plant Layout shown in Figures 6-10 and 6-11, respectively. 6-19 Plant Superintendent Operations Foreman Maintenance 1st Shift 2nd Shift Shift Foreman Supervisor Supervisor rvisor Control Equipment Control Equipment Control Equipment Room Operator Room Operator Room Operator - Operator Operator Operator 5 WESTERN ARCTIC Coal Coal Q2.. COAL DEVELOPMENT Processing Processing PROJECT Operator Operator Typical Staffing for 5- to 20-MWe, Coal (Steam) Power Plant 852792 Date: 9/30/85 1625°F 45 tons/day 3750 Ib/hr Bottom Ash Removal 247 |Ib/hr 7 —e Steam Boiler xchanger xy ontrol Steam Control LN | a Air Filter/Sil j Mer/stlencer | Boiler Feed Pump ' Compressor oro Air 26°F 230° Deaerator 3460 kW, Generator 1 — Gear fa le Base and Lube Reservoir Generator/Lube Cooling ca. > Blowdown Water Makeup (33 gpm) District Heating O) Equipment 325°F G, | | ra Stack WJ Fly Ash Lo : Removal ID Fan i Water Storage Filter — Water Treatment Ash Storage (1 week) S WESTERN ARCTIC C2 _ COAL DEVELOPMENT | Loaaal PROJECT Steam-Injected Brayton Cycle Power Plant (3460-kW, Installation at Nome) 852798-1 Prepared by: Date: 9/30/85 Figure 6-9 f= STARTER EXCITER AUK. LUBE LUBE O\L COOLER BES. / OL PUMP / / BAGHOUSE ESS 2 comet] =p fey a AIR TO STACK GAS HEAT EXCHANGER LUBE FILTER BOTTOM ASH REMOVAL HYDRAULIC STARTER COMPRESSOR AIR INTAKE FILTER CUNDER) Zny AIR CYCLE HEAT —t) - RECEIVER DEAERATOR COMBUSTOR FURNACE v | | | ! | ! \ | | \ ' \ GENERATOR i = TURBINE co COOLER NTROL COMPRESSOR e ° ae ine WESTERN ARCTIC GENERATOR mR EXHAUST N \ J ee. aml COAL METERING ° ASH REMOVAL] / pump : Conceptual Equipment Arrangement for a 3460-kW, Steam-Injected Brayton Cycle Coal Power Plant at Nome PUMPS 852805-1 Prepared by: Date: BASE AND LUBE RESERVOIR HEAT DISTRICT HEATING 9/30/85 EXCHANGER EQUIPMENT SKID fn se Figure 6-10 6-22 — I36FT.O IN. =| | | h O O O O lee Al OFFICE _ | LAVATORY! MAINTENANCE AREA a PLANT/SYSTEM CONTROL i (UNDER) | CONDER) i Svea Tie PSMOTOR CONTEOL | STORAGE’ PERSONNEL = WATER STORAGE eee GENERATOR SWITCHGEAR : | Loc KERSCONER) COMPRESSOR r A PLANT AIR ae i 6 F D FAN Ea | GGFT. OIN. GEAR STOKER i Tea wel AIR TURBINE. \ CONTROL GENERATOR tot COAL G@AS/AIR 7 i iy WEAT EXCHANGER eee COAL i METERING STEAM ASH BOILER REMOVAL vee DISTRICT HEATING es SKID COAL STORAGE poe Ie (hone a ASH SILO (1 WEEK CAPACITY ) CONVENOR T ENCLOSED [ Tee T tet }/-—_—_—_—_—_——— 48 FT. O IN. FUEL STORAGE \ (YARD EQUIPMENT) J ft ttf c I / BRD ee , MAINTENANCE STORAGE AREA YAS SS YS bi Td COAL THAW AREA — DIVERTED CRUSHED COAL-DIVERTED 10. PVN ’ GRID (GRIZZLY) CRUSHER/LUMP BREAKER (UNDER) FEEDER (UNDER) COAL PROCESSING /YARD EQUIPMENT STORAGE BUILDING Plant at Nome Prepared by: WESTERN ARCTIC COAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Conceptual Plant Layout for a Steam- Injected Brayton Cycle Coal Power 852808-1 9/30/85 Figure 6-11 Coal storage, handling, and processing are similar to the steam Rankine power plant (i.e., coal storage in a yard pile, with front- end loader transport to the light conveyor and inside seven-day bunker storage). Coal feed to the furnace and combustor (chain grate stoker) are also similar to the Kivalina simple air cycle power plant and steam power plant previously described. The concep- tual design provides for the same semiautomated handling of both bottom ash and fly ash as the steam Rankine cycle power plant. The steam-injected air cycle equipment arrangement and operation differ from the simple air cycle (Kivalina) only by the addition of a steam boiler located immediately downstream of the gas-to-air Brayton cycle heat exchanger and the equipment (deaerator, boiler- feed pump, and water treatment) necessary to support the boiler. The remaining thermal energy in the stack gas leaving the steam boiler is made available for space heating by the inclusion of an additional heat exchanger, pumps, and receiver (district heating option) prior to particulate clean-up in the fabric filter baghouse and discharge to the atmosphere through the induced draft fan and stack. The conceptual plant layout for the 3460 kWe, coal-fired steam- injected Brayton cycle suggests that a building 66 ft x 190 ft could conservatively handle the equipment and provide space for operations and maintenance. The total plant internal electrical load, including motors, controls, and lighting, is estimated at 105 kWe as summarized in Table 6-4. The net plant capacity available for distribution is therefore estimated to be 3355 kWe. The operational requirements of a coal-fired, steam-injected Bray- ton cycle power plant are in most respects similar to those of a coal-fired steam plant of the same size. Coal processing, including pile maintenance, is a single-shift activity required on a daily 6-24 Table 6-4 Plant Internal Electrical Load (Steam-Injected Brayton Cycle at Nome) Generator Output 3460 kWe Power Cycle Parasitics (kWe) * FD Fan 7.3 * ID Fan 76.5 * Stoker 0.745 * Coal Conveying 0.5 * Pumps: - Lube 0.6 - Boiler Feed 5.6 - Other 0.2 * Plant: - Air Compressor 2.9 - Control 1.7 - Lighting 6.1 - HVAC Miscellenous 2.9 Total Plant Load 105 kWe Net Plant Output 3355 kWe 6-25 basis. Ash transfer to the storage silo is manually initiated and automatically (pneumatically) conveyed. This activity is required on a three-shift basis. The power cycle equipment and system control are, however, signif- icantly different from the steam Rankine cycle power plant. These differences, in general, tend to reduce the operational and mainte- nance complexity of the Brayton cycle plant over the steam plant. Differences include: Equipment and control complexity are reduced via the use of low-pressure saturated steam versus high-pressure super- heated steam Steam generation rates and pressures follow power generation rates and are independent of combustion control * High-pressure piping leaks and equipment (traps and valves) are minimized Outdoor condenser, fans, and freeze protection equipment are eliminated Condenser air ejector and controls are eliminated Turbine gland seal ejector is eliminated. It is anticipated that these factors, combined with the reduced volume of coal and ash to be handled, would result in a slight reduction in plant staffing requirements with respect to the coal- steam Rankine cycle power plant described in Section 6.2.3.1. Figure 6-12 proposes a typical staffing schedule for a stand-alone power plant. In the case of Nome, it is expected that this staffing would be integrated with the operations and maintenance staffing of 6-26 Maintenance Foreman Mechanic Coal Processing Operator Plant Superintendent Operation Foreman Operation Supervisor Coal Processing Operator 1st Shift Control Room Operator Equipment Operator 2nd Shift 3rd Shift Control Control Room Room Operator Operator Equipment Equipment Operator Operator 5) WESTERN ARCTIC 2. COAL DEVELOPMENT ES) PROJECT Typical Staffing for Coal Air-Cycle Power Plant 852793 Prepared by: Date: y “77 9/30/85 mw Figure 6-12 MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY INC the balance of the electrical utility. The coal-fired power plant would carry the base load with diesel-generator sets providing load swing and peak demand capacity. It is expected that operators and maintenance personnel would control, monitor, adjust, and maintain both power generating systems as the skill level requirements are compatible. 6.2.3.3 District Heating. A community the size of Nome has many possible combinations for a district heating system. Three systems are looked at in some detail. Table 6-5 presents the heating requirements of some of the city-owned buildings. Beltz High School is the biggest user of heating oil but is located three miles outside of town, which creates a very high incremental connection cost of over $5 million to include it in the district heating system. The next Largest consumers of heating oil are the Norton Sound Hospital and the Elementary School. Conveniently, these two facilities are located close to one another. Following preliminary analysis, a district heating network combin- ing the Norton Sound Hospital with the Elementary School was selected as the baseline system for Nome. The option to extend this system to the Beltz High School also underwent preliminary instal- lation design. In addition, a Nome citywide district heating system was evaluated. Of major importance in determining the installation cost of a district heating system is the location of the power plant. In Nome, various sites were considered on the Snake River, particular- ly those close to the currently operating Snake River and Belmont power plants. These were attractive due to their location on the water, which would make delivery of the coal relatively easy. Unfortunately, these sites have two disadvantages, they are located a fair distance from the downtown area, and there is a lack of land on which to locate the coal pile. A location which does not have 6-28 Table 6-5 Heating Requirements for City-Owned Buildings oil Floor Spec. Energy Spec. Cap. Capacity Branch Consumption Area Demand Demand Demand Pipe Building gal/yr ft? Btu/DD/ft* Btu/hr/ft* 10° Btu/hr Dia. in. Beltz High School 188,500 183,890 6.30 39.2 7.20 6 Elementary School 75,000 64,300 ety 44.6 2.87 3 Norton Sound Hsptl 83,000 46,500 10.97 68.2 3.17 3 Convention Center 6,200 5,900 6.48 40.3 0.24 105 Library 3,200 3,600 5.46 34.0 Q.12 1.5 Firehall 13,700 4,800 17.54 109.1 0.12 2 City Hall 10,300 13,400 4.72 29.4 0.39 2 Vis. Info. Ctr. 1,500 900 10.17 63.3 0.06 Le5 Rec. Facility 16,000 28,000 3.51 21.8 0.61 2 397,400 351,300 Avg. 8.04 Avg. 50.0 15.18 6-29 this disadvantage is a site north of the hospital and school near the present Gold Company power plant. The disadvantage of this site is that the coal would have to be delivered to the site by dump trucks. However, with the new dock facilities that are currently under construction to handle the larger barges, all coal would have to be delivered by truck from the unloading facilities, making the cost increment of dumping in one part of the community versus anoth- er very small. Thus, this site north of the hospital was chosen as the primary power plant site for this study. The location at the plant and distribution to the Elementary School and Hospital are shown in Figure 6-13. The Elementary School currently has a steam radiator network in the old part of the building and a hot water baseboard heating network in the new part. The maximum operating pressure in the steam radi- ators is 6 psig and the maximum hot water supply temperature is about 190°F. In the baseboard network, the supply water temperature varies between 140 and 160°F after exiting the heat exchanger which transfers the heat from the steam to the hot water. Room temper- ature control in the old section is provided by room thermostats and in the new part by outdoor thermostats. Norton Sound Hospital consists of two separate buildings very close to each other. Heat is generated as steam in the boiler house and converted by a heat exchanger to hot water, which is then circulated in the two buildings. Heat is provided by baseboard hot water heat- ers and hot water circulated through air heating coils. The hot water supply temperature at design conditions is 180°F. There are two 800-gallon domestic hot water tanks in the boiler room with 110°F hot water being circulated to both buildings. Beltz High School complex, which consists of five buildings, has four low pressure boilers for heat supply that operate at 6 psig. Each building has two heat exchangers, one for the hot water base- board heating network and one for the domestic hot water circuit. 6-30 it oe "6° PIPE ADD_TO 397° ICE & HEAD COS! “EQUIVALENT-TO 2 nF WESTERN ARCTIC COAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Location of Plant and Distribution to Elementary School and Hospital 851958 Prepared by: Date: 9/30/85 00 i &xONWO | Figure 6-13 ) 6-31 The operating temperatures of the baseboard heating loop vary from 140°F to 200°F. Domestic hot water is 140°F all year. In the winter two or three boilers are in operation 24 hours per day using No. 1 oil. In the summer one boiler using No. 2 oil operates 24 hours per day. The boilers are about 20 years old and are in good condition. Installation of the baseline district heating system would require a total of 850 feet of 9-in. diameter transmission pipe, 2000 feet of 2.5-in. diameter distribution lines, and 350 feet of 2.5-in. building branch lines. All piping would be installed above ground or in a utilidoor (if available). Since the steam Rankine cycle process produces the exhaust heat as a by-product of the steam generation process, the only operational cost attributable to district heating are those over and above those normally associated with the generation of electricity; that is, pumping power and main- tenance of the system. A 9-hp pump will be required to pump the 150 gal/min of water with a circulation pump head of 165 feet. The option to extend the baseline system to the Beltz High School complex requires the installation of an additional 30,000 feet of 4-in. diameter pipe and a booster pump. Table 6-6 presents the operating parameters of the baseline system as well as the data for the booster pump required for the Beltz High School option. The third option would be to extend the district heating systems to all buildings in Nome. Because of the large capital expenditure required to install a complete system of this size, a detailed installation estimate was not developed. Rather, an installation cost of $21,000,000 was extrapolated from the first two options in order to examine the system economics. 6-32 Table 6-6 Nome District Heating System Parameters Baseline System Type Hot Water Circulation Pump Flow 150 gal/min Circulation Pump Head 165 ft Water Pressure 70 psig Pump Horsepower 9 Supply/Return Temperature 250°F/160°F Beltz High School Option Circulation Pump Flow 270 gal/min Circulation Pump Head 165 ft Water Pressure 70 psig Pump Horsepower 16 Supply/Return Temperature 250°F/160°F Booster Pump Flow 105 gal/min Head 270 ft Horsepower 10 6-33 6.2.3.4 Individual Heating Options. In addition to the district heating system, Nome has four alterna- tives available for residential and commercial building heating: the existing oil burning furnaces, coal-fired furnaces, coal-fired stoves, and electric resistance baseboard heaters. The options are examined in detail in Section 5.4. In Nome the typical residence would require about 9000 1b/year (4.5 tons) of WACDP coal for heat- ing, representing an approximate yearly heating fuel cost of $500.00. This is about 30% less than the cost of an equivalent amount of heating oil. As the amount of WACDP coal usage increases and consequently the price of coal decreases, the annual fuel cost can be expected to drop below $300. 6-34 7.0 ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT 7.1 Economic Model and Assumptions The economic merit associated with implementation of the selected end-use technologies was evaluated with a computer code which modeled the energy usage profile of each community. The model calculated the cost of meeting each community's energy needs (both electric power and building heating) for each year over a 20-year period assuming the implementation of each of the various coal end-use technology options, both individually and in combination. A detailed description and program listing of the economic model are provided in Appendix E. However, in summary, the model divides the total energy used into three categories: energy for electrical power generation, energy for thermal heating of large buildings, and energy used for heating of smaller commercial and residential buildings. The program was run with various combinations of coal and oil technologies meeting the energy requirements within each category. Examples might include generating electricity with oil (diesel), heating large buildings with oil, and heating residences with coal stoves and furnaces, or generating electric- ity with coal (steam turbine), heating large buildings with waste heat from coal power plant (district heating), and heating residences with oil. For each case a total annual energy cost was calculated based on: * The cost of fuel oil or coal The cost of converting to the technology (installed equipment cost) * The cost of operating and maintaining the equipment The efficiency of the equipment. The program assumes that in the first year of the analysis the system is installed, and therefore, the generation of revenue and operating expenses does not start until the second year. For comparative purposes, all calculations utilize the following fixed values: Btu content of fuel oil 138,000 Btu/gal Btu content of WACDP coal 12,000 Btu/1lb Long-term inflation rate 6.5%/yr Discount rate 3.5% Cost of money ¥10% Electric power growth 4%/yr Heat load growth 3%/yr Due to the uncertainty in predicting the future price of crude oil, economic sensitivity to three scenarios of crude oil pricing above inflation were exam- ined. For comparative purposes, all analyses of the different technologies employed the medium projection of oil price increases. Section 7.4 examines the sensitivity of the system economics to the price of crude oil and coal. Low Medium High 1985 -4% -4% 0% 1986 4% 0% 0% 1987 4% 0% 0% 1988 0% +2% +3.5% 1989 0% +2% +3.5% Through 2005 0% +2% +3.5% Crude oil prices are assumed to be 50¢/gal (1985) with the remainer of the sale price in a community devoted to production and distribution costs which are not affected by the change in crude oil prices but do increase at the rate of inflation. These predictions were provided by the Alaska Power Authority. 7-2 = The unit price of coal is sensitive to the economy of scale of the operation and transportation; therefore, if the volume of annual coal production is increased, the price of coal was assumed to decrease from the baseline 50,000 ton/yr as Listed below: Production Level 50,000 tons 100,000 tons 300,000 tons Mining $ 76 $ 57 $ 38 Nome $106 $ 86 $ 62 Kivalina $138 $105 $ 73 For the purpose of comparing technology options, the model calculates the actual energy cost exclusive of government subsidies (power equalization) and utility indirect expenses (taxes, insurance, and general and administrative). Table 7-1 presents the economic model output for the current energy profile in Nome. It is a 20-year projection of the cost associated with maintaining the current oil/oil/oil (oil diesel power generation/oil large building heat- ing/oil residential heating systems) and the medium crude oil price scenario. All outputs are presented in the same format. The cost of electrical power is identified in ¢/kW and included in the community grand total energy cost. The heating costs to selected large buildings (as identified in the option description) are summed and shown under the heading of District Heating System. The cost of meeting the building space heating needs of the balance of the community is shown under the heading of Distributed Heating System. The Grand Total Cost is the annual cost of meeting the community's total energy requirements utilizing the options specified, and the Cumulative Cash Flow is the sum of these yearly costs. The community's total energy requirements are therefore most economically met by the combination of options which provides the lowest cummulative cash flow. 7-3 Q-L ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM: PROJECTED LOAD (KW) COAL (KW) OIL (KW) CAPACITY: PRODUCTION (000 KWH/YR) HEAT RATE (BTU/KWH): COAL OIL FUEL COST ($/MMBTU): COAL OIL O&M: COAL, 100% LOAD OIL, 100% LOAD COSTS: FUEL (COAL) FUEL (OIL) CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL ELECTRICITY COST (¢/KWH) DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM: LOAD (MMBTU/YR) FUEL (MMBTU/YR) FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL COSTS: DISTRIBUTED HEAT SYSTEM: ANNUAL LOAD (MMBTU/YR) EFFICIENCY FUEL (MMBTU/YR) FUEL COST ($/MMBTU) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL GRAND TOTAL COSTS CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW 1985 2,400 6,968 10,338 4.42 8.45 656.0 2,720 2,720 33,000 349 195 195 170,072 70.0 9.72 2,362 1,025.0 1,025 (3,940) (14,123) Table 7-1 Financial Analysis Model ** ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL ** ** TECHNOLOGY: NOME CASE 1 OIL/OIL/OIL +* ** OIL PRICE ASSUMPTION: MEDIUM ** SEER EE EEE EEE EERE EE EE EEE EEE EEE EEE EEE EE EEE EEE EEE EEE EE EEE * UNLESS NOTED, AMOUNTS ARE THOUSANDS OF CURRENT $. * DATE: 10/03/85 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2,596 2,808 3,037 3,285 3,552 3,842 4,156 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 22,741 24,598 26,604 28,777 31,116 33,656 36,407 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 4.70 4.53 4.71 5.02 5.40 5.91 6.47 8.99 10.29 0.86 13.69 15.80 18.23 21.06 744.0 843.9 957.2 1,085.7 1,231.4 1,396.7 1,584.2 2,114 2,617 237 4,073 5,082 6,343 7,926 277 340 417 512 628 770 945 2,391 2,957 654 4,585 5,710 7,113 8,871 ww. 12.57 2.97 16.41 18.79 21.54 24.74 35,010 37,142 39,405 41,804 44,349 47,051 49,916 43,763 46,428 49,256 52,255 55,436 58,814 62,395 393 478 42 715 876 1,072 1,314 3 4 4 5 6 6 7 396 482 46 720 882 1,078 1,321 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 242,960 242,960 242,960 242,960 242,960 242,960 242,960 10.34 11.83 0.99 15.74 18.17 20.96 24.22 2,512 2,874 241 3,824 4,415 5,092 5,884 2,512 2,874 241 3,824 4,415 5,092 5,884 5,299 6,313 941 9,129 11,007 13,283 16,076 (26,193) (34,049) (51,500) (72,526) (97,891) (128,577) 2001 4,495 6,968 39,376 10,338 7.07 24.33 1,796.8 9,904 1,159 11,063 28.44 52,955 6,194 1,611 1,619 170,072 70.0 242,960 27.98 6,798 (165,745) 2003 4,862 6,968 42,591 10,338 7.78 8.12 2,038.0 12,381 1,422 13,803 32.73 56,179 70,224 1,975 1,984 170,072 70.0 242,960 32.34 7,857 (210,842) 2005 5,259 6,968 46,069 10,338 8.55 32.51 2,311.5 15,483 1,745 17,228 37.69 59,601 74,501 2,422 WW 2,433 170,072 70.0 242,960 37.39 9,084 (265,646) 7.2 Kivalina 7.2.1. Options Following the preliminary technology assessment, the externally fired gas turbine with a chain grate stoker was selected as the most promising technology for Kivalina. The small steam Rankine cycle was judged to be not only unattractive economically, but was also assessed as not compat- ible with the arctic environment and available community skills. There- fore, only two options for power generation were considered: the existing oil-fired diesel engine and the indirect coal-fired gas turbine. Two district heating options were considered: a system to serve the school and a system to serve the entire community. Three heating options for the school were evaluated: the existing oil-fired furnace, cogener- ated heat from a coal-fired power plant, and an individual coal-fired boiler. Four options for residential heating were evaluated: continued use of oil furnaces, conversion to coal furnaces and stoves, electric resistance heating from a coal-fired power plant, and a citywide district heating system cogenerated from a coal-fired power plant. The capital cost (equipment and installation) and operating and mainte- nance costs associated with each of these options that were used in the economic analysis are summarized in Table 7-2. A more detailed deriva- tion of the cost can be found in Appendixes H and K. 7.2.2 Results of Evaluations Table 7-3 presents the comparative results of 13 combinations of options in terms of the total cost to meet the community's energy requirements for the 20-year period 1985 through 2005. A medium oil price increase scenario and a conservative coal price (50,000 ton/yr production level) were assumed. Detailed computer model outputs for each case can be found in Appendix F. Table 7-2 Kivalina System Options and Installation Costs Conversion or Replacement Annual Operating Investment* Maintenance Cost** * Power Generation - Diesel Generator Set (oil) 450,000 43,000 - Gas Turbine (Coal) 2,356,000 313,000 * School Heating - Furnace (Oil) 20,000 1,500 - Furnace (Coal) 52,000 23,000 - Cogenerated District (Coal) 136,000 10,000 * Distributed Heat (Residential )* - Furnace (0il) 32,000 _ - Furnace/Stoves (Coal) 99,000 — - Electric Resistance (Coal) 42,000 -- - Citywide District (Coal) 2,020,000 34,000 *Costs represent total community conversion, 1985 dollars. **FPirst year cost, not including fuel. Case No. WOWONKDUEWNHHE Electric Power System Diesel Engine Gas Turbine Gas Turbine Gas Turbine 2 Gas Turbines 2 Gas Turbines 2 Gas Turbines Gas Turbine Diesel Engine Gas Engine Diesel Engine Gas Engine Gas Turbine Table 7-3 Results from Kivalina Evaluations Heat Source for School Heating Oil Heating Oil District Heating District Heating Heating Oil District Heating Electric Heating Oil Heating Oil District Heat Coal Coal Total Cost of Residential Cost of Electric Energy Through Heat Power (¢/kWh) 2005 ($) Heating Oil 26.12 20,031,000 Heating Oil 63.88 33,539,000 Heating Oil 63.88 31,579,000 Coal Stoves 63.88 28,362,000 Electric 38.96 50,183,000 Electric 38.96 48,677,000 Electric 36.09 55,251,000 Coal 63.88 30,206,000 Coal 26.12 16,698,000 Electric 44.02 47,014,000 Coal 26.12 15,967,000 Coal 63.88 29,927,000 63.88 29,375,000 Citywide District Heat i? The results show that the energy needs of the community can most econom- ically be met through the implementation of Case 11: conversion of resi- dential and school heating equipment from oil to coal and retaining the diesel generators for electrical power production. The second ranked alternative is Case 9, similar to Case 11 except that only the residential heating is converted to coal; the school remains heated by oil. The third ranked alternative is the existing oil-based energy economy Case 1. All three cases still retain the very high cost of generating electricity, 26.12¢/kWh. Assessment of individual options shows that: 1. The conversion of residential heating equipment from oil to coal provides the only means of reducing the annual energy cost to the individual household. These savings would be substan- tial, a 50% reduction in the cost of home heating presenting or about $700/hr in the average household. 2. Electrical power generation with coal cannot compete with diesels at low power outputs. The operating and maintenance costs associated with coal plants prohibit competitive econom- ics in small power plants. 3. Electric resistance heating is not an attractive option at the electrical power costs achievable with either coal-fired or oil-fired power plants. 4. The utilization of waste heat from a power plant for school heating via a district heating loop can dramatically reduce the cost of heating that building. However, the savings are not adequate to compensate for the increased electrical power cost found in a small coal-fired system. 7-8 7.3 5. A coal-fired furnace for heating the school is an attractive option with a four-year payback. Nome 7.3.1 Options The results of the preliminary technical evaluation indicated that the most promising technologies for a Nome-sized power plant are the steam turbine, the externally fired gas turbine, and steam-injected externally fired gas turbine. Three district heating options were considered. The first option supplies heat to the hospital and elementary school, and the second option extends the district heating system out to the Beltz High School complex. The third option supplies heat to all buildings in the city. Both cogeneration (heat supplied from an electrical power plant) and stand-alone district heating system scenarios were evaluated. In addi- tion, the option of retaining the existing oil-fired furnaces as well as the option of converting to coal-fired furnaces was evaluated. Two options for the heating of residential homes and small commercial buildings with coal were evaluated: electric resistance heating with the electrical power developed in a coal-fired power plant and individual coal furnaces and stoves. The capital cost (equipment and investment) and operating and mainte- nMance costs associated with each of these options are summarized in Table 7-4. A more detailed derivation of the costs can be found in Appendix J and K. 7.3.2 Results of Evaluation Table 7-5 presents the comparative results of 23 combinations of coal and oil energy options in terms of the total cost to meet the community of 7-9 Table 7-4 Nome . System Options and Installation Costs * Power Generation Diesel Generator Set (Oil) 2 Gas Turbines (Coal) Steam-Injected Gas Turbine (Coal) Steam Turbine (Coal) * District Heat Furnace (0il) Furnace (Coal) Baseline (Elem. School/Hospital) Baseline plus High School Citywide System * Distributed Heat (Residential) Furnace (0il) Furnace/Stove (Coal) Electric Resistance Conversion or Replacement Annual Operating Investment* Maintenance Cost** 2,720,000 277,000 14,479,000 1,376,000 8,788,000 1,177,000 10,029,000 981,000 235,000 3,000 550,000 136,000 1,358,000 37,000 6,499,000 134,000 21,000,000 433,000 1,025,000 -- 3,169,000 —- 1,486,000 cia *Costs represent total community conversion, 1985 dollars. **First year O&M, not including fuel. 7-10 Table 7-5 Results from Nome Evaluations Heat Source Case Electric for Large No. Power System Buildings | 1 Diesel Engine Heating Oil 2 Steam Turbine Heating Oil 3 Steam Turbine District Heating 4 Steam Turbine’ District Heating 5 Steam Turbine Expanded District Heating 6 Steam Turbine’ Electric 7 2 Gas Turbines Heating Oil 8 2 Gas Turbines District Heating 9 2 Gas Turbines District Heating 10 2 Gas Turbines Expanded District Heating ll 2 Gas Turbines Electric 12. Steam-Injected Heating Oil Gas Turbine 13 Steam-Injected District Heating Gas Turbine 14 Steam-Injected District Heating Gas Turbine 15 Steam-Injected Expanded District Gas Turbine Heating 16 Steam-Injected Electric Gas Turbine 17 Gas Turbine Heating Oil 18 Steam-Injected Expanded District Gas Turbine Heating 19 Steam-Injected Heating Oil Gas Turbine 20 Steam-Injected Coal Gas Turbine 21 Diesel Engine Heating Oil 22 Diesel Engine Coal 23 Steam-Injected Citywide District Gas Turbine Cost of Cumulative Residential Electric Power Cost of All and Commercial (¢/kWh) (In the Energy Through Heat First Year) 2005 ($) Heating Oil 11.11 272,325,000 Heating Oil 14.86 261,880,000 Heating Oil 14.86 253,021,000 Electric 13.28 365,386,000 Heating Oil 14.86 251,124,000 Electric 12.77 348,153,000 Heating Oil 16.86 281,099,000 Heating Oil 16.86 272,240,000 Electric 14.62 386,430,000 Heating Oil 16.86 270,343,000 Electric 13.87 370,856,000 Heating Oil 12.65 252,604,000 Heating Oil 12.65 243,745,000 Electric 11.58 354,157,000 Heating Oil 12.65 241,848,000 Electric 11.39 326,507,000 Heating Oil 16.59 291,583,000 Electric 11.58 356,454,000 Coal 12.65 182,047,000 Coal 12.65 172,950,900 Coal 37.69 201,768,000 Coal 11.11 192,671,000 Heating 12.65 151,128,000 7-11 Nome's requirements for the 20-year period 1985 through 2005. A medium oil price increase scenario was assumed. Detailed computer model outputs for each case are included in Appendix G. The steam-injected coal-fired gas turbine combined with cogenerated district heating of the hospital and elementary school and the residen- tial use of coal stoves and furnaces (Case 20) reduces the cost of meet- ing the total energy requirements of Nome in excess of 35% as compared to the baseline diesel power generation and fuel oil heating (Case 1). Although Case 20 provides the minimum cost to the community, all the coal options with the exception of those incorporating electric residential heating provide reduced energy costs to the community over the existing oil-based economy. A review of the coal end-use technology options individually shows that a conversion from heating oil to coal for residential and small commercial building heat would provide the greatest reduction in energy costs to the consumer. If individuals elect the coal heating option, a 20 to 25% reduction in the annual cost of residential heating could be achieved. If implemented on a community-wide base (Case 23), a total savings of approximately $70 million over the next 20 years could result. In addi- tion, these options represent the lowest initial investment costs of any of the options investigated. A considerable economic benefit could also be achieved through the use of coal to heat the large buildings considered for district heating. This benefit could equal a $10 million savings over the next 20 years if existing oil furnaces and boilers were replaced with coal-fired equip- ment. The savings could reach as high as $25 million if the building heating requirements of the hospital and school were met via a district heating loop from a coal-fired power plant. Although electrical power generation from coal has considerable merit over the long term, it suffers in the short term (under 5 years) because of the assumed decline in oil prices (short term) and the high coal 7-12 prices associated with the mine start-up and initial low coal production rates. Considering the relative fuel cost differential and the higher O&M cost of a coal plant, the cost of generating electrical power with a steam-injected coal-fired gas turbine is expected to be 12% higher than with diesel generators the first year of operation and equivalent to diesel in the fourth and fifth years. From the fifth year forward the advantage of coal over diesel continues to increase to approximately 25% in the last years of analysis bringing the total cost savings derived from electrical power generation up to $20 million over the 20-year anal- ysis period. Power production from a coal-fired steam turbine power plant would reduce electrical generating costs by $10 million over the 20-year period, but electrical costs would exceed that of diesel for the first nine years. The economic performance of both the steam-injected gas turbine and steam turbine power plants improves significantly with the addition of a district heating system to recover a portion of the available waste heat. Assessment of individual heating and power options shows that: 1. Electrical resistance heating is not a viable option due to the high marginal cost of electricity in Alaska. WACDP coal offers the lowest price fuel source, followed by oil. 2. Both coal-fired steam turbines and steam-injected gas turbines offer economical alternatives to diesel generators. 3. Two gas turbines are economical only when the average load climbs above 4500 kWe. 4. Coal stoves which can be installed for a little as $1500 each have a payback period of less than two years. The economics get even better as the amount of WACDP coal required increases and the cost per ton decreases. 7-13 5. All district heating systems look economically attractive. The smaller systems with the lower installation costs, such as the system covering the elementary school and hospital, are the most attractive. A large system such as the citywide district heating system looks very attractive over the long run. A system that large requires more heat than is available in the turbine exhaust, i.e., additional fuel must be consumed. The amount of heat available in the exhaust and the heating loads of the community are indeterminate with the available date. 7.4 Interconnecting Power Grid The data presented in Tables 7-3 and 7-5 show that increases in the electric load (shown by adding electric resistance heating) result in lower electrical power costs. An interesting concept, therefore, is interconnecting adjacent communities on a power grid with a centralized power plant. If the power plant were located at or near the coal minemouth, the substantial transporta- tion charges for the coal would be eliminated. In essence, the annually increasing transportation charges would be exchanged for a one-time, very large capital expenditure. The interconnection grid was explored in two options: the minemouth power plant serving the region extended from Wainwright in the north to Stebbins in the south or three separate plants; one at the minemouth, one in Nome, and one in Kotzebue. These three plants would combine to cover the same region described previously. The towns and the population of each town as listed in Table 7-6. The cost of installing transmission lines in northwest Alaska was assumed to average $80,000/mi. Thus, a minemouth plant with transmission grid was esti- mated to cost $168,762,000. The three smaller power plants with transmission lines were estimated at $82,446,000 for Nome, $42,738,000 for Kotzebue, and $29,788,000 for the regional minemouth plant. The overall system power cost for the large grid, as shown in Table 7-7, was 16.78¢/kWh in the first year increasing to 33.49¢/kWh in 20 years. This compares with 11.1¢/kWh increasing 7-14 Wainwright Point Lay Cape Lisburne Point Hope Kivalina Kotzebue Kiana Noorvik Selawik Buckland Deering Ambler Kobuk Shunknak Noatak Table 7-6 Proposed Interconnected Communities Population 483 71 40 570 272 2,720 363 532 600 219 166 281 86 241 293 7-15 Shismaref Diomede Wales Brevig Mission Teller Nome White Mountain Golovin Elim Kuyuk Shaktoolik Unalakleet St. Michael Stebbins Kaltag Nulato Koyukuk Galena Ruby Holy Cross Anvik Grayling TOTAL Population 436 121 124 132 207 3,700 122 110 202 185 157 654 312 316 257 382 99 876 233 250 119 217 16,148 9T-L ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM: PROJECTED LOAD (KW) CAPACITY: COAL (KW) OIL (kW) PRODUCTION (000 KWH/YR) HEAT RATE (BTU/KWH): COAL OIL FUEL COST ($/MMBTU): COAL OIL O&M: COAL, 100% LOAD OIL, 100% LOAD COSTS: FUEL (COAL) FUEL (OIL) CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL ELECTRICITY COST (¢/KWH) DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM: LOAD (MMBTU/YR) FUEL (MMBTU/YR) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL DISTRIBUTED HEAT SYSTEM: ANNUAL LOAD (MMBTU/YR) EFFICIENCY FUEL (MMBTU/YR) FUEL COST ($/MMBTU) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL GRAND TOTAL COSTS CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW Table 7-7 Overall System Power Cost for Large Transmission Grid ** ** ** ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL TECHNOLOGY : OIL PRICE ASSUMPTION: MEDIUM ** MINEMOUTH GRID INCL NOME AND KOTZEBUE** +* FRI RRR KKK * UNLESS NOTED, AMOUNTS ARE THOUSANDS OF CURRENT §$. 1985 12,310 13,832 15,000 11,057 10,338 3.17 8.06 5,528.0 1,640.0 168,762 168,762 168,762 (168,762) (189,055) 1987 13,314 13,832 15,000 116,631 11,057 10,338 3.59 8.99 6,269.9 1,860.1 4,630 6,035 10,665 16.38 DATE: 10/09/85 1989 1991 1993 14,401 15,576 16,847 13,832 13,832 13,832 15,000 15,000 15,000 126,153 136,446 147,580 11,057 11,057 1,057 10,338 10,338 10,338 3.22 3.25 3.41 10.29 11.86 13.69 7,111.8 8,065.9 9,148.8 2,109.9 2,392.9 2,714.2 4,314 4,354 4,569 530 1,873 3,738 7,192 8,344 9,695 12,036 14,571 18,002 16.23 16.86 17.92 10.29 11.86 13.69 12,036 14,571 18,002 (212,299) (240,049) (274,237) 1995 18,221 13,832 15,000 159,616 11,057 10,338 3.62 15.80 10,376.6 3,078.4 4,850 6,280 11,278 22,408 19.33 (316,700) * 1997 19,708 13,832 15,000 172,642 1,057 10,338 3.90 18.23 11,769.7 3,491.7 5,225 9,701 13,138 28,064 21.14 (369,821) 1999 21,317 13,832 15,000 186,737 11,057 10,338 4.23 21.06 13,349.6 3,960.4 5,667 14,276 15,326 35,269 23.41 (436,540) 2001 23,057 13,832 15,000 201,979 1,057 10,338 4.62 24.33 15,141.2 4,492.0 6,190 20,326 17,904 44,420 26.17 (520,529) 2003 24,938 13,832 15,000 218,457 11,057 10,338 5.05 28.12 7,173.8 5,095.0 6,766 28,282 20,946 55,994 29.49 2005 26,972 13,832 15,000 236,275 11,057 10,338 5.58 32.51 19,478.5 5,778.7 7,476 38,686 24,540 70,702 33.49 (626,385) (760,003) to 37.7¢/kWh in 20 years for Nome, and 26.1¢/kWh to 81.0¢/kWh for Kivalina. This indicates that if the estimated costs are valid, the interconnecting power grid could offer substantial savings over the years. The costs for the three smaller grids are presented in Table 7-8. These costs are not nearly as attractive as the single grid, mainly due to the cost of transporting the coal to the power plants in Nome and Kotzebue. One conse- quence of the large grid with the power plant located at the minemouth is that district heating is not available to the other communities. But the heat from the power plant exhausts can be utilized either as heating or process steam, possibly for the proposed Lik and/or Red Dog Mines. In summary, a power grid serving the communities from Wainwright to Stebbins provides power at a cost lower than currently available in any of the small communities. The cost to large communities such as Nome and Kotzebue is slightly higher in the first couple of years, but provides a savings in later years. The savings over the entire power grid are very substantial. 7.5 Sensitivity Analysis All of the analyses presented thus far are very sensitive to two prices: the cost of oil and the cost of coal. As mentioned earlier, three scenarios were selected to describe the future price increases of oil: low, medium, and high. The effects of these scenarios are shown in Figure 7-l. Although recent events support the selection of the low price increase projection, the medium price increase projection was selected as being a conservative, but more accu- rate long-term projection. If that assumption is wrong, the effect can be substantial. In the tenth year, the difference between the medium and low projections is 19%. Likewise, if the high projection is accurate, the differ- ence between the medium and low projections is 14%. Figure 7-1 also shows the effect of the rise in oil prices on the rise in the cost of electric power. The economics of the coal-burning technologies are sensitive to the cost of coal, but not as sensitive as oil-fired equipment is to the price of oil. A 25% increase in the cost of coal results in a 9% increase in the cost of power. On the other hand, a 25% increase in the cost of oil results in a 34% increase 7-17 8T-L ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM: PROJECTED LOAD (KW) CAPACITY: COAL (KW) OIL (Kw) PRODUCTION (000 KWH/YR) HEAT RATE (BTU/KWH): COAL OIL FUEL COST ($/MMBTU): COAL OIL O&M: COAL, 100% LOAD OIL, 100% LOAD COSTS: FUEL (COAL) FUEL (OIL) CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL ELECTRICITY COST (¢/KWH) DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM: LOAD (MMBTU/YR) FUEL (MMBTU/YR) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL DISTRIBUTED HEAT SYSTEM: ANNUAL LOAD (MMBTU/YR) EFFICIENCY FUEL (MMBTU/YR) FUEL COST ($/MMBTU) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL GRAND TOTAL COSTS CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW Table 7-8 Overall System Power Costs for Small Transmission Grids ** ** +e ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL TECHNOLOGY: NOME GRID OIL PRICE ASSUMPTION: MEDIUM 2GT INTERCONNECT ** ** ** SOOO RRR REF * UNLESS NOTED, AMOUNTS ARE THOUSANDS OF CURRENT $. 1985 7,110 6,916 9,500 11,057 10,338 4.42 8.06 2,764.0 656.0 82,446 82,446 (82,446) 1987 7,690 6,916 9,500 67,364 11,057 10,338 5.01 8.99 3,134.9 744.0 3,356 630 3,196 7,182 16.78 (96,121) DATE: 10/09/85 1989 1991 1993 8,318 8,996 9,731 6,916 6,916 6,916 9,500 9,500 9,500 72,866 78,805 85,244 11,057 11,057 11,057 10,338 10,338 10,338 4.83 5.01 5.34 10.29 11.86 13.69 3,555.9 4,033.0 4,574.4 843.9 957.2 1,085.7 3,236 3,356 3,577 1,307 2,234 3,490 3,681 4,243 4,896 8,224 9,833 11,963 16.94 17.71 18.87 10.29 11.86 13.69 8,224 9,833 11,963 (111,934) (130,742) (153,536) 1995 10,524 6,916 9,500 2,190 11,057 10,338 5.75 15.80 5,188.3 1,231.4 3,852 5,163 5,656 14,671 20.39 (181,452) * 1997 11,383 6,916 9,500 99,715 11,057 10,338 6.30 18.23 5,884.8 1,396.7 4,220 7,375 6,542 8,137 22.32 (215,900) 1999 2001 12,312 13,317 6,916 6,916 9,500 9,500 107,853 116,657 1,057 11,057 10,338 10,338 6.89 7.53 21.06 24.33 6,674.8 7,570.6 1,584.2 1,796.8 4,615 5,044 10,291 14,104 7,575 8,782 22,481 27,930 24.67 27.48 21.06 24.33 22,481 27,930 (258,554) (311,528) 2003 14,403 6,916 9,500 126,170 11,057 10,338 8.28 8.12 8,586.9 2,038.0 5,547 19,066 10,193 34,806 30.85 (377,507) 2005 15,579 6,916 9,500 136,472 11,057 10,338 9.10 32.51 9,739.2 2,311.5 6,096 25,505 11,847 43,448 34.86 (459,831) 6T-L ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM: PROJECTED LOAD (kW) CAPACITY: COAL (KW) OIL (kW) PRODUCTION (000 KWH/YR) HEAT RATE (BTU/KWH): COAL OIL FUEL COST ($/MMBTU): COAL OIL O&M: COAL, 100% LOAD OIL, 100% LOAD COSTS: FUEL (COAL) FUEL (OIL) CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL ELECTRICITY COST (¢/KWH) DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM: LOAD (MMBTU/YR) FUEL (MMBTU/YR) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL DISTRIBUTED HEAT SYSTEM: ANNUAL LOAD (MMBTU/YR) EFFICIENCY FUEL (MMBTU/YR) FUEL COST ($/MMBTU) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL GRAND TOTAL COSTS CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW Table 7-8 Continued ** ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL ** ss TECHNOLOGY: MINEMOUTH LOCAL GRID ++ ** OIL PRICE ASSUMPTION: MEDIUM ** FOGGIA RRR RR RE * UNLESS NOTED, AMOUNTS ARE THOUSANDS OF CURRENT §$. * DATE: 10/09/85 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 875 946 1,024 1,107 1,198 1,295 1,401 3,458 3,458 3,458 3,458 3,458 3,458 3,458 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 = 8,287 8,970 9,697 10,494 11,344 12,273 11,057 11,057 11,057 11,057 11,057 11,057 11,057 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 3.17 3.59 3.22 3.25 3.41 3.62 3.90 8.06 8.99 10.29 11.86 13.69 15.80 18.23 1,382.0 1,567.5 1,777.9 2,016.5 2,287.2 2,594.2 2,942.4 656.0 744.0 843.9 957.2 1,085.7 1,231.4 1,396.7 cd 329 319 348 396 454 529 29,788 429 526 646 792 971 1,192 29,788 758 845 994 1,188 1,425 1,721 = 27.11 26.02 25.61 25.51 25.69 26.15 8.06 8.99 10.29 11.86 13.69 15.80 18.23 29,788 758 845 994 1,188 1,425 1,721 (29,788) (31,230) (32,871) (34,778) (37,052) (39,776) (43,062) 1999 1,515 3,458 3,500 13,271 11,057 10,338 4.23 21.06 3,337.4 1,584.2 621 1,462 2,083 26.92 (47,038) 2001 1,639 3,458 3,500 14,358 11,057 10,338 4.62 24.33 3,785.3 1,796.8 733 1,794 2,527 27.97 (51,860) 2003 1,773 3,458 3,500 15,531 11,057 10,338 5.05 28.12 4,293.5 2,038.0 867 2,201 3,068 29.34 2005 1,917 3,458 3,500 16,793 11,057 10,338 5.58 32.51 4,869.6 2311.5 1,036 2,700 3,736 31.17 (57,711) (64,832) 07-2 ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM: PROJECTED LOAD (KW) CAPACITY: COAL (KW) OIL (Kw) PRODUCTION (000 KWH/YR) HEAT RATE (BTU/KWH): COAL OIL FUEL COST ($/MMBTU): COAL OIL O&M: COAL, 100% LOAD OIL, 100% LOAD COSTS: FUEL (COAL) FUEL (OIL) CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL ELECTRICITY COST (¢/KWH) DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM: LOAD (MMBTU/YR) FUEL (MMBTU/YR) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL DISTRIBUTED HEAT SYSTEM: ANNUAL LOAD (MMBTU/YR) EFFICIENCY FUEL (MMBTU/YR) FUEL COST ($/MMBTU) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL GRAND TOTAL COSTS CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW Table 7-8 Continued ** ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL ** *s TECHNOLOGY: KOTZEBUE GRID INTERCONNECT ** +s OIL PRICE ASSUMPTION: MEDIUM ++ SO OOOO RA A REE ERR RE EEK EE * UNLESS NOTED, AMOUNTS ARE THOUSANDS OF CURRENT $. * DATE: 10/09/85 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 4,327 4,680 5,062 5,475 5,922 6,405 6,928 3,458 3,458 3,458 3,458 3,458 3,458 3,458 9,500 9,500 9,500 9,500 9,500 9,500 9,500 = 40,997 44,343 47,961 51,877 56,108 60,689 11,057 11,057 11,057 11,057 11,057 11,057 11,057 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 4.42 5.01 4.83 5.01 5.34 5.75 6.30 8.06 8.99 10.29 11.86 13.69 15.80 18.23 5,528.0 6,269.9 7,111.8 8,065.9 9,148.8 10,376.6 11,769.7 1,640.0 1,860.1 2,109.9 2,392.9 2,714.2 3,078.4 3,491.7 - 1,678 1,618 1,678 1,789 1,926 2,110 - 995 1,495 2,166 3,055 4,217 5,729 42,738 6,509 7,468 8,574 9,853 11,332 13,045 42,738 9,182 10,581 12,418 14,697 17,475 20,884 - 27.61 28.68 30.35 32.45 34.95 37.93 10,581 42,738 14,697 17,475 20,884 (42,738) (60,370) (80,754) (104,625) (132,822) (166,318) (206,298) 1999 7,493 3,458 9,500 65,639 11,057 10,338 6.89 21.06 13,349.6 3,960.4 2,308 7,696 15,032 25,036 41.40 (254,185) 2001 8,104 3,458 9,500 70,991 11,057 10,338 7.53 24.33 15,141.2 4,492.0 2,522 10,237 17,338 30,097 45.41 (311,717) 2003 8,766 3,458 9,500 76,790 11,057 10,338 8.28 28.12 17,173.8 5,095.0 2,773 13,517 20,021 36,311 50.07 (381,074) 2005 9,481 3,458 9,500 83,054 11,057 10,338 9.10 32.51 19,478.5 5,778.7 3,048 17,733 23,142 43,923 55.46 (464,916) T?2-L £ = x = & - o 3 3 a 3 @ ° oO 1 | 10 11 12 WESTERN ARCTIC COAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Effect of Anticipated Range of Oil Prices on the Cost of Power 853153 Prepared by: Date: fo 9/30/85 eu in the cost of power. Figure 7-2 shows graphically the relationship between coal prices and the cost of electric power. The cost of mining WACDP coal is expected to decrease from $76 per ton to $38 per ton (in 1985 dollars) as the volume of coal mined increases from 50,000 tons per year to 300,000 tons per year. For a resident of Kivalina burning coal in an air-tight stove, this represents a reduction in annual fuel cost from approximately $700 to less than $400 (in 1985 dollars). Figure 3-1 showed the significant reduction in the price of coal as the coal usage increases. A 33% reduction in the cost of coal results in a 10% reduction in the cost of operating a steam-injected gas turbine power system over 20 years, a savings of approximately $25,000,000. 7-22 gs x y & . o S 3 a = 3o _ n ° oO ) WESTERN ARCTIC 2. COAL DEVELOPMENT Sat PROJECT Le 1 1 100 110 120 Cost of Coal ($/ton) Effect of Price of Coal on Cost of Electric Power 853154 Prepared by: Date: 9/30/85 mim Figure 7-2 8.0 RECOMMENDATIONS Utilization of WACDP coal can be encouraged by installation of coal stoves for home heating. This is an easy-to-implement program that will quickly estab- lish WACDP coal as a viable alternative to oil for heating. Based on previous socioeconomic studies and conversations with residents in Nome and Kivalina, all residences would not be expected to switch to coal for heating. Even though the cost savings potential is high, the cost of conversion may be a limiting factor. A typical home would require 9,000 to 10,000 pounds of coal per year at a cost of about $700; this is 40 to 50% of the cost of heating with fuel oil. The installation of several highly visible demonstration units in some of the larger institutions located in Nome and Kivalina, particularly those that are not candidates for district heating systems, would be helpful in demonstrating the advantages of burning coal. District heating systems are the most attractive heating options available when a source of heat, such as a gas turbine exhaust, is available. With a cost of heat ranging from $1.00 to $3.00 per million Btu, district heating systems should be implemented wherever possible. The current air quality regulations for the state of Alaska do not directly address the emissions from individual coal-fired stoves used for residential heating. An analysis should be made of the products of combustion from one or more stoves of modern design burning WACDP coal. These exhaust products should be compared to the exhaust products of a currently operating oil- burning furnace which is assumed after years of operation to be operating at less than peak performance. These results should be analyzed and recommen- dations made for well-defined air quality regulations and definitive selection criteria for proper residential and institutional coal-burning equipment. The switch from oil to coal in power generation will not be easy and cannot be implemented gradually. Installation of a coal-fired power plant with either the steam turbine or the externally fired gas turbine technology will require a large, one-time capital expenditure. Once the plant is operational, the annual cost of operation will be significantly less than with the current diesel engines. Based on the economic analyses, an externally fired, steam-injected Brayton cycle air turbine should be installed in Nome. Currently, the only method for providing reasonably priced, coal-fired elec- trical power to the small rural communities in Alaska is to interconnect the villages on one or more power grids. Some work has been undertaken by the Alaska Power Authority to define a series of regional grids. With the proposed development of the Red Dog and Lik mines and their associated power ;and heating requirements, a further investigation of composition and location of the grids is warranted. The regional power grid concept will offer signif- icant savings to the remote villages that currently suffer high oil and power costs. A large, regional power grid with a generating plant at either the minemouth or the Red Dog mine should be investigated to determine more accu- rately the costs of installing the transmission lines. In addition, regional grids should be investigated with power plants located at Nome, Kotzebue, and the minemouth. One question raised at the meeting with the Nome Planning Commission concerned the reliability of an externally fired air turbine relative to a steam turbine power generation system. Based upon the economic attractiveness of the air turbine, this is a vital concern that warrants further investigation. The hardware status and operational reliability of the existing externally fired gas turbine should be documented. The specific items of interest are: * Define the operating performance parameters of these units and compare them with the original design performance parameters * Visit the sites of these units and discuss the reliability and operat- ing history of the equipment with the operating personnel. * Compare the operational reliability of these externally fired air turbines versus a comparably sized steam turbine installation. * Assess the current technological advancements in steam-injected, externally fired air turbines, their affect on system performance, and when these advancements will be commercially available. 8-2 * Utilizing the information obtained in the previous steps, develop procurement specifications for an externally fired air turbine system and a comparable steam system. Due to the attractiveness of district heating, computer models of selected Alaskan communities should be developed to assist in properly designing a district heating system and evaluating the actual savings. The recommended communities are Nome, Kotzebue, Kivalina, Wainwright, and one or two small villages such as Shaktoolik. Accurate modeling of power and heating costs, as well as the system performance parameters as a function of weather (i.e., temperature and wind), operating profiles, and technology employed, will facilitate the implementation of effective coal-use technologies. 9.0 REFERENCES Arctic Slope Consulting Engineers. 1985. "Western Arctic Coal Development Project." Phase II - Preliminary Institutional Market Assessment. Prepared for Alaska Native Foundation. Arctic Slope Consulting Engineers. 1984. "Western Arctic Coal Development Project." Executive Summary, Phase I - Final Report. Prepared for Alaska Native Foundation. Arctic Slope Consulting Engineers and Stephen R. Braund and Associates. 1985. "Western Arctic Coal Development Project Village Socio-Economic Impact Technical Memorandum.". Prepared for Alaska Native Foundation. Farahan, Ebrahim. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. 1977. "Central Heating- Package Boilers." Prepared for Argonne National Laboratory, ANL/CES/TE 77-6, 64 p. Leppa, Kalevi. Ekono Inc. May 1985. "District Heating Study for Two Alaskan Communities: Nome and Kivalina." UE-58260, 16 p. Newell, Mark and Peter N. Hanson. Polarconsult Alaska, Inc. 1983. "Nome Waste Heat Utilization Project." Phase I - Preliminary Assessment. Prepared for the Nome Joint Utilities Board, 42 p. Poole, Peter J. 1983. "A Study to Determine Off-Oil Options for Pond Inlet, N. W. T., with Special Emphasis on the Prospects for Developing Local Coal Reserves." Remote Community Demonstration Program of Energy, Mines, and Resources Canada, RCDP/PDCE-10, 65 p. Punttila, Antero. Ekono Inc. July 1985. "District Heating Study for Two Alaskan Communities: Nome and Kivalina. Phase II - Technical Assessment and Cost Estimate, UE-58320." Schick, Robert C. 1985. "Power Plant Report 1984." Prepared for Nome Joint Utility Board. Selkregg, Lidia et al. University of Alaska, Arctic Environmental’ Information and Data Center. 1976. "Kivalina." Prepared for the Alaska Department of Community and Regional Affairs. State of Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation. 1983. "Air Quality Control Regulations, 18.AAC.50." 35 p. "Steam." 1972. Babcock and Wilcox, 38th Edition. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 1973-1976. Local Climatological Data - Kivalina, Alaska. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 1982. Local Climatological Data - Nome, Alaska. U.S. Department of Interior, Environmental Protection Agency. March 1975. Compilation of Air Pollution Emissions Factors. Report No. AT-42. 9-1 APPENDIX A DATA FROM TOUR OF ALASKAN COAL BURNING POWER PLANTS Coal for power production is currently mined at Usibelli, Alaska. This Bitu- monous C coal is rated at 8000 Btu/lb with 11% ash and 25% moisture. This low-quality coal is currently delivered to the power plant at Clear AFB, the powerhouse at the University of Alaska at Fairbanks, and the Golden Valley Power Plant. Some information and observations on the operating experiences of these plants are presented below. The power plant at the University of Alaska at Fairbanks is rated at 22 MW and consumes about 55,000 tons of coal per year. The coal is delivered by train daily, and the cars are dumped manually, assisted by a mechanical shaker. Ash from the plant is trucked to the local landfill. The overfeed spreader stoker/boiler, which generates steam at 650 psig/ 750°F/condensing, includes cyclones to clean up the exhaust. Currently, the plant is not in compliance with Alaskan environmental regulations, and a baghouse will be installed this summer. If better quality coal were avail- able, it is felt the baghouse would not be necessary. Condensation of the steam is provided by two Hudson air-cooled condensers. Some freeze problems were encountered when the first unit was installed, but a second unit, which was installed more recently, has not had any problems. A primary problem in cold weather was reported to be coal freezing in the railroad cars. The coal may be mined at a temperature of 45°F and placed into waiting railroad coal cars sitting outside at an ambient temperature of -40°F. The result is approximately 6 inches of frozen coal layered around the sides of the railroad car. At very cold temperatures, the coal tends to stick on the belts and in the crusher. To reduce the problem, all hoppers have been lined with high-impact polyethylene. In addition, oil (diesel fuel) is sprayed on the coal in the bunker when the temperature drops. The worst temperatures for coal freezing are between 0° and -20°F. The coal will absorb about one gallon of oil for each ton of coal. A potential problem with a large coal pile is that summer rains leach into the pile and then freeze. Eventually, permafrost may develop in the pile. If ash vacuum system to the ash loader. The ash is loaded in trucks, sprayed with water to control the dust, and trucked to the landfill where it is regarded as a very benign substance. In the winter, some of the ash is spread on icy streets instead of salt. The power plant maintains a 90-day supply of coal in the yard at all times. The coal pile is built up in 18-in. layers compacted by driving a Caterpillar tractor across it in all directions. The pile is Limited to no more than three or four layers for ease of handling and ease of access, particularly if hot spots develop. Properly compacted, the probability of fire from spontaneous combustion is greatly reduced. In time, the weather fractures the coal on the surface and creates a crust with a glaze over the top. This glaze protects the coal from the moisture and air but is very fragile. A person climbing up or walking across the pile will break through the crust allowing access to air and moisture. The reserve coal pile at Clear AFB, a backup supply, has been in place since 1971. After removing the daily supply of coal from a pile, the power plant manager recommends spraying the exposed coal with either fuel oil or a chemi- cal preventative to minimize the access of air and moisture to the pile. The final stop on the tour was the Golden Valley power plant, located at Healy, Alaska. This is a 28-MW pulverized-coal plant located six miles from the Usibelli coal mine. The coal is delivered from the mine in large trucks. The plant, at a steam production level of 220,000 1lb/h, generates 26.2 MW of electricity. Of interest was the difference in operating philosophies. Whereas the Clear AFB power plant operated with a crew of 38 and was kept spot- less, the Golden Valley plant employed about 25 employees and looked like a plant operated for a profit with an eye on operating and maintenance costs. The coal pile was not as well maintained. Typically the trucks backed in, dumped the coal, and the front-end loader pushed it around a little. No particular effort was made to compact the coal for proper storage. As a result, they admitted to an occasional fire in the coal pile. Nonetheless, DOE indicates that substantial development work will be required in the areas of combustion technology, engine design (principally with respect to wear and erosion), and coal/water slurry processing and handling. Apparently no U.S. firms are doing research in the areas of coal/water slurry combustion. A number of U.S. firms produce coal/water slurries for boiler applications and have on-going research programs. However, neither engine manufacturers nor slurry producers are likely to invest in this technology until they feel that a major market will develop. Source: "Will Future Medium Diesels Burn Coal?" Automotive Engineering, February 1984, p. 41-45. Based on SAE paper 831747, "Coal-Fired Diesel Engines," by Frank Robben, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California. APPENDIX C EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE WITH EXTERNALLY FIRED BRAYTON CYCLES Much of the design and operating experience with industrial/utility-type, externally fired Brayton cycle systems is concentrated in Europe. Escher Wyss, GHH, Brown Boveri, and Sulzer have participated in the design and construction of eight plants in Europe alone. More than 20 plants have been installed in the last 40 years. Several of the plants have operated over 100,000 hours on direct-fired pulverized coal. A key feature of almost all the European closed-cycle systems is the use of rejected heat for district heating. The inherent flexibility to provide both electric power and heat on an almost independent basis is an important advan- tage. Successful coal-fired heaters are generally divided into two sections. Over half of the heat is transferred to the working fluid in a down-fired, radiant section and the rest of the heat is transferred in a convection section. The maximum turbine inlet for a European coal-fired plant to date (1978) is 1325°F with a corresponding maximum tube wall temperature of about 1400°F. This temperature is limited by the long-term, stress-rupture capability of the heater tube material at elevated temperatures. Other critical factors are the ash, sulfur, sodium, and vanadium content of the fuel. Accurate knowledge of these fuel factors and the detailed temperature profiles of the combustion gases and working fluid in the system are important if corrosion, erosion, and deposition problems are to be avoided. Based on the present stage of European development, European specialists believe that coal-fired heaters can be built, with a high level of confidence, with turbine inlet temperatures up to 1500°F. Extension to higher temperature operation should be possible with advances in heat exchanger materials, fuel and hot gas cleaning techniques, or combustor design. Orientation of the heater in a closed-cycle gas turbine power system is shown in Figure 1. All of the principal components are shown. The heat rejected from the precooler (g) and the intercooler (b) is divided into two parts. The hot water circuit is used to supply district heating or process heat (i). The cooling water circuit (h) goes to the cooling tower. Normal load control is by raising and lowering the pressure level of the working gas circuit by means a) LP compressor b) intercooler c) HP compressor dad) heat exchanger e) heater f) turbine Pre sR weve S precooler cooling-water circuit heating-water circuit generator circuit-loading compressor Figure 1 Schematic of Closed-Cycle Turbine Circuit of the circuit loading compressor (1); transient loads are controlled by the by-pass valve between the compressor discharge and turbine exhaust (j). Shown in Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a typical coal-fired heater. A principal feature of coal-fired gas heaters is that most of them are divided into radiant and convection parts, f and g, respectively. Numbers on the diagram indicate temperatures (°C) for the Ravensburg plant which is represen- tative of a system with a 660°C turbine inlet temperature. There are two main gas paths (combustion air and working fluid-air) through the system. Atmospheric air is drawn into the combustion air system through the air fan (r). It then goes through the combustion air preheater (n), usually a rotary regenerator type, where the air is preheated to about 430°C. It then divides into two streams - primary and secondary air. The primary air goes to the coal mill chute (k) to mix with the coal in the pulverizing mill (1) and classifier (m). It is then fed into the fuel nozzle or burner (e). Additional low-temperature ambient air is added at (k) in sufficient quantity to keep the pulverized coal-air mixture at 100°C or below as it goes to the burner. This is a safety measure to avoid an explosion hazard. The preheater secondary air stream goes into the ignition muffle around the burner, mixes with and cools the combustion gases, and acts somewhat like a shield for the radiant heater tubes which line the combustion chamber. Combustion takes place and is completed in the combustion chamber (a). The heat of combustion is transferred largely by radiation (over 50%) to the work- ing fluid in the tubes lining the walls of the radiant part (f) of the heater system. The combustion gases make two right angle turns at the bottom, using inertial effects to separate some of the ash and particulates. It is impor- tant that the temperature of the combustion gases at the end of the radiant section be below the softening temperature of the ash to avoid fouling and slagging at the entrance of the convection zone. Thus, the combustion gases enter the convection zone at 900-950°C and are cooled to about 480°C through this rather dense, complex array of parallel and counterflow heat exchanger tubes. Additional energy is taken out of the combustion gases by the combustion air preheater. The temperature of the combustion products is reduced from 480°C to 150-160°C in preheating the ambient inlet air from 20°C a Combustion chamber b Upward pass © Gas reversal pase @ Ignition muffle ¢ Burner £ Radiant part £ Convection part h Raw coal i Coal feeder k Mill chute NOTE: Numbers are temperatures in degrees Celsius Figure 2 Schematic of Coal-Fired Air Heater c-5 1 Pulverizing mill Se fn Combustion air ater © Dustcoilector f Secondary air fan ® Wet ash extractor t Ash trolley u Convection intet header ¥ Support tube w Convection outlet header 2 Radiant inlet header y Radiant outlet header 1 | ! 1 ' ' | 1 ! ! I 1 1 1 1 £-9 Table C-1 Data for Selected Air Heaters Plant Ravensburg Toyotomi Haus Aden Coburg Nippon Koken Nowokashirsk Oberhausen Vienna* Country Germany Japan Germany Germany Japan Russia Germany Maximum continuous output kw 2300 2000 6370 6600 12,000 12,000 14,300 30,000 In operation since 1956 1957 1963 1961 1961 1962 1960 1972/75 Fuel Bituminous Naturalgas Mine gas/ Bituminous Blast furnace Brown coal Bituminous Heavy of) coal Bitumin. coal coal gas coal Ash/Moisture % ° 548346 — _ 6+78+4 — 23/33 5+74+6 3.5% Spay, 30 ppm V Lower calorific value kcal/kg 7600 10,500 2950/ 7100 670 2500 7400 9800 15 ppm Na 6500+-7900 Ignition fuel Light oi! Naturalgas Mine gas Town gas oil Light olf Town ges ou Number of burners 3 1 5 4 3 6 2x4 2x4 Design data: . Air flow kg/sec 248 24.2 66.6 86.5 101.7 101.2 129.3 212 Inlet temperature °c 397 407 424 434 383 388 419 372 °c 660 660 680 680 680 680 710 220 kg/cm* 30.1 27.6 32.5 38.7 33.0 33.0 36.8 468 we * 35 3.0 : 42 40 35 32 46 6.2 Combustion air preheating °c 20-430 20—420 30—440 30—445 20—400 20—420 30—420 20-410 Fuel gas preheating °c - = 20—160 - 20—280 - _ Exhaust gas temperature °c 160 170° 180 160 . 180 190 160 200 Combustion chamber: Number : 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 Hight m 76 7.0 10.0 10.15 10.0 12.0 95 13 Width m 3.2 25 43° 6.0 6.6 68 46 5.7 6 Heat rele kcal/mh —1.02-10* 1.57-10¢ 1.37-10* 1.26-10¢ 1.63-10¢ + 1,34-10¢ 1.30-10° 1.72 x 10 Heat ret kcal/m*h 124,000 225,000 137,000 126,000 163,000 112,000 137,000 132,500 Gas temperature at outlet = °C 960 1000 1050 1000 1130 970 1025 1075 6 Heat absorption keal/h = 4.25-10 4.10-10 10.32-10¢ 13.83-10¢ 11.44-108 15.87-10¢ 211.6410 2 * 46.4 x 10 Convection section: Width m 23 2.45 3.56 40 4a 47 4.82 23 Depth m 17 1.6 20 20 24 24 3.0 3.65 Gas temperature at outlet °c 470 620 500 490 485 450 476 535 Heat absorption keal/h 1.93-10° 1.70-10° 6.00-10* 6.46-10° 17.19-10 * — 12.00-10* 12.62-10° 23.3 @ and b) Heat conveyed to the combustion chamber by fuel and combustion alr. *Data supplied by Brown-Boveri a) per cross section and b) per volume unit. 8-9 Table C-2 Data for Selected Air Heaters Plant Ravensburg Coburg Oberhausen Haus Aden _Jpetsenttrcten Fuel Dimension . coal/coke - mine gas ¢ blast furnace gest feet oven gas* coal gas + oil Sumber of combustion chambers - 1 1 2 1 1 Shape of combustion chamber - round octagonal octagonal octagonal octagonal Ignition muffle - with without without with with Number of burners = 3 4 2x4 5 8 blast f.g.+5oil| Ignition - light oil town gas town gas mine gas_ light oil sorking air Throughput kg/s 26.5 86.5 Inlet temperature ® 397 434 Inlet pressure bar 31.5 38.0 Outlet temperature > % 660 680 Outlet pressure bar 30.5 36.0 Pressure loss x 3.5 4.8 Combustion chamber Volume loading w/a? 0.1547 0.1303 0.1593 Cross-sectional loading Mu/m? 1.5933 Inside width between tubes a 4.3 Length of irradiated tubes Number of tubes stube dimenstons Shape rfactor Tube arrangement ratio t/d 10.0 320 31.8 x 2.5-3.0 1.12 1.34 Preheating of the combustion air Exhaust gas temperature *since L971 NOTE: Machinery hail on left; air heater in center Source: Bammert et ai, 1956 (item 1 in App. A) Figure 3 Photograph of Ravensburg Plant c-9 OT-9 Figure 4 2000-kW CCGT Air Heater Undergoing Erection on Site Figure 5 Oberhausen I Plant, Showing Two Radiant Sections of Heater APPENDIX D COMPARISON OF GAS TURBINE AND DIESEL GENERATOR SETS Gas turbine-generator sets are increasingly prevailing over diesel generator sets because they have such proven characteristics as listed below: 1. Lightweight, small size, and low vibration 2. No cooling water required 3. Starting reliability (particularly in cold weather) 4. Resistance to earthquake 5. Great instantaneous-overload-absorbing capacity which can handle larger motor loads 6. Stable, high-quality electricity 7. Low noise by easy source attenuation 8. Longer time between overhaul 9. Heavy duty for sandy environments 10. Low vibration 11. Smaller lubricating oil consumption 12. Smaller output decrease by altitude. 1. Lightweight, Small Size, and Low Vibration A gas turbine can be more easily installed than a diesel because it is lighter weight and smaller sized (1/3 to 1/4 by weight, and 1/5 to 1/7 by volume) than the same class diesel. The gas turbine's low vibration and high frequency eliminate the possibility of resonating with the building structure. 2. No Cooling Water Required Small gas turbines utilize a self-air-cooled design which requires no cooling water. Therefore, they are ideally suited for locations where water is not easily available or for a cold area where cooling water tends to freeze. 3. Starting Reliability In general, reciprocating internal combustion engines, such as diesel engines, have difficulty starting in cold weather and after long periods of idleness. This necessitates such measures as preheating and maintenance running for more reliable starting. The continuous combustion cycle of a gas turbine makes it easy to start even in cold weather. This, concurrent with the absence of cooling water, makes a gas turbine suitable for installation in cold areas. 4. Resistance to Earthquakes Diesel generator sets must be mounted on shock-absorbing rubber, because there is a possibility that vibration of the system may resonate with the frequency of earthquakes. The low vibration of a gas turbine, however, makes mounting it on the common bed through shock-absorbing rubber unnecessary. The absence of the possibil- ity of the resonance makes a gas turbine-generator set suitable for areas where earthquakes happen frequently. This is particularly true when consider- ation is given to possible damage caused by an earthquake to cooling water piping. 5. Greater Instantaneous-Overload-Absorbing Capacity Which Can Handle Larger Motor Loads Starting a three-phase induction motor driving a pump may require an in-rush current of three to five times the rated current depending on the way a start is made. This in-rush current is absorbed by the larger instantaneous iner- tial moment of the single-shaft gas turbine corresponding to approximately five times that of a diesel-driven generator output and the greater output power margin during the motor starting. For a 200-kVA generator set, a single-shaft turbine has enough capacity for starting a 55-kW, 3-phase induction motor with star-delta connections, while a diesel can start a 3-phase induction motor of only up to 35 kW. However, a dual-shaft gas turbine has a capacity equivalent to that of a diesel. 6. Stable, High-Quality Electricity A single-shaft gas turbine has an overwhelming advantage over a diesel genera- tor set in steady-state operation within +0.3% of regulation and in transient operation within +4% and within 2 seconds of recovery time. Even a 5000-kW gas turbine-generator set is capable of instantaneously applying or rejecting full load within the above value. A dual-shaft gas turbine has a capacity equivalent to that of a diesel. Instantaneous application or rejection of full load, or requirement of stabler electricity, makes a single-shaft gas turbine-generator set suitable. Tests on a Kawasaki 1250-kVA and 187.5-kVA, single-shaft, gas turbine-generator sets indicate that voltage regulation of both units was within only +4% and transient voltage recovery time within 2 seconds. 7. Low Noise by Easy Source Attenuation The high-frequency and low-amplitude noise generated and the lightweight and small size of a gas turbine permit the easier accomplishment of noise atten- uation, making a gas turbine-generator set suitable for sites where noise creates a particular problem. 8. Longer Time between Overhaul Diesel generator sets require overhaul about every four to five years, while gas turbine-generator sets require an overhaul every eight to ten years. From an efficiency of energy utilization point of view, gas turbine-generator sets have many advantages that make them useful not only for stand-by use but also for continuous use. D-4 APPENDIX E COMPUTER DOCUMENTATION: THE ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL The most recent version of this model is titled COAL and was last modified on 18 September 1985. It is written in a language called AUTOTAB and runs on MTI's IBM mainframe computer. AUTOTAB is a "spreadsheet" language, specif- ically designed to facilitate the writing of financial programs. A sample copy of COAL is attached (see pages A-l through A-8). Also attached are samples of COAL's input file (see pages B-1 through B-3) and output files (see pages C-l and C-2). Below are descriptions of relationships between various input and output variables. Variables displayed on the output pages have been underlined. Electric Power System * Original Load (kW): Input * Projected Load (kW): Original load times electric load growth index (page C-4) * Capacity (kW): - Coal: Input - Oil: Input - Total: Sum of above two lines * Annual Production (000 kWh/yr) - Coal: 8760 hr times coal capacity, limited by projected load - Oil: Difference between total production and coal production, limited by value (8760 hr times oil capacity) - Total: 8760 hr times projected load * Heat Rate (Btu/kWh): - Coal: Input - Oil: Input * Installed Cost ($000): Input * Original Fuel Costs ($/MMBtu): - Coal: Input (used only if projected price is not directly input) - Oil: Input (used only if projected price is not directly input) * Fuel Cost ($/MMBtu): - Coal: Either input or original cost times coal price growth index - Oil: Either input or original cost times oil price growth index * Original O&M ($000/yr) - Coal, 100% load factor: Input - Oil, 100% load factor: Input * Projected O&M ($000/yr) - Coal, 100% load factor: Original times O&M growth index (page C-4) - Oil, 100% load factor: Original times O&M growth index (page C-4) * Costs ($000/yr) - Amortization: Installation cost divided by 15 - Fuel (Coal): Annual cost electric production times coal heat rate times coal price - Fuel (Oil): Annual oil electric production times oil heat rate times oil price - O&M, Coal: Projected coal O&M at 100% load factor, times hourly coal elec- tric production (i.e., annual coal electric production divided by 8760 hr), divided by coal capacity - O&M, Oil: Projected oil O&M at 100% load factor, times hourly oil electric production (i.e., annual oil electric production divided by 8760 hr), divided by oil capacity - Capital and O&M: Installed cost plus coal O&M plus oil O&M - Total: Sum of fuel, installed cost, and O&M * Electricity Cost (¢/kWh): Annual electric production divided into the sum of amortization, fuel costs, and O&M District Heat System * Load (MMBtu/yr) - Original: Input - Projected: Original times district heat load growth index * Efficiency (%): Input * Fuel (MMBtu/yr): Projected load divided by efficiency * Fuel, Coal (%): Input * Installed Cost (000) - Central Plant: Input - Distribution Lines: Input - Total: Sum of above two lines * Original O&M ($000/yr) - Central Plant: Input - Distribution Lines: Input - Total: Sum of above two lines * Costs ($000/yr) - Amortization: Total installed cost divided by 15 - Fuel, Coal: Fuel consumed times coal percent times price of coal - Fuel, Oil: Fuel consumed times value (100% less coal percent) times price of oil - Fuel: Sum of above two lines - O&M: Original O&M cost times O&M growth index - Capital and O&M: Total installed cost plus O&M - Total: Sum of fuel cost, installed cost, and O&M Distributed Heat System * Annual Load (MMBtu/yr): Input * Efficiency (%): Input * Fuel (MMBtu/yr): Annual load divided by efficiency E-4 * Fuel, Coal (%): Input (is always either 100 or zero) * Installed Cost ($000): Input * Fuel Price Differential (%): Input * Original O&M ($000/yr): Input * Projected Fuel Cost ($/MMBtu): If % coal is 100, then is equal to original fuel cost times coal price growth index. If % coal is zero, then is equal to oil price projected for electric power system, escalated by fuel price differential * Projected O&M ($000/yr): Original O&M cost times O&M growth index * Costs ($000/yr) - Amortization: Installed cost divided by 15 - Fuel: Fuel (i.e., MMBtu/yr) times projected fuel cost - O&M: Equal to projected O&M - Capital and O&M: Installed cost plus O&M - Total: Sum of fuel cost, installed cost, and O&M * Grand Total Costs: Total annual costs of electric power system district heat system, and distributed heat system * Cash Flow ($000): First year is. equal to -1 times the combined installed cost of the electric power system, district heat system, and distributed heat system. Later years are equal to -1 times the line above. * Cumulative Cash Flow ($000): Accumulated sum of line above Escalation Rates and Growth Indices * Escalation Rates (%/yr): Input * Growth Indices (1988 = 100): Compounded level of prices and loads, calcu- lated from escalation rates. E-5 ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL PROGRAM LISTING TITLE "deve Vek "ex ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL TECHNOLOGY: NOME CASE 22 OIL PRICE ASSUMPTION: MEDIUM OIL/COAL/COAL we! “x! we! VERRIER AIRLINE LIAS ILI III NNN '% UNLESS NOTED, AMOUNTS ARE THOUSANDS OF CURRENT $. "DATE: ROWS ' DATE ELOAD 'ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM:' EOLOAD' CCOAL corIL CAPEL ANC ANO ANEL XX HRATC HRATO KE OFC OFO OOMC OOMO PFC PFO POMC POMO AFC AMOC AFO AOMC AOMO ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' OTHANN' ANCSTE' UPE ANDIP ANDIO SEFF SUF SUFC KDP KDL KD OOMDP ' PROJECTED LOAD (KW)' ORIGINAL LOAD (KWw)' CAPACITY: COAL (KW)' OIL (KWw)' TOTAL (KW)' PRODUCTION (000 KWH/YR):' COAL' OIL' PRODUCTION (000 KWH/YR)' DUMMY ' HEAT RATE (BTU/KWH): COAL' OrL' INSTALLED COST' ORIGINAL FUEL COSTS ($/MMBTU):' COAL' OIL' ORIGINAL O&M:' COAL, 100% LOAD FACTOR' OIL, 100% LOAD FACTOR' FUEL COST ($/MMBTU): COAL' OIL' O&M: COAL, 100% LOAD' OIL, 100% LOAD' COSTS: FUEL (COAL)' AMORTIZATION' FUEL (OIL)' O&M, COAL' O&M, OIL' CAPITAL & O&M' TOTAL' ELECTRICITY COST (¢/KWH)' DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM:' LOAD (MMBTU/YR)' ORIGINAL LOAD' EFFICIENCY (%)' FUEL (MMBTU/YR)' FUEL, % COAL' INSTALLED COST' i CENTRAL PLANT' DISTRIBUTION LINES' TOTAL' ORIGINAL O&M' CENTRAL PLANT’ x! OOMDL DISTRIBUTION LINES' ' OOMD ' ORIGINAL O&M' AMOD ' ANNUAL COSTS ($ 000/YR):' ' AMORTIZATION' AFDC ' FUEL, COAL' AFDO ' FUEL, OIL' AFDT ' COSTS: FUEL' AOMD ' CAPITAL & O&M' ANCSTD' TOTAL' HL "DISTRIBUTED HEAT SYSTEM:' ' ANNUAL LOAD (MMBTU/YR)' HEFF ' EFFICIENCY' HF ‘FUEL (MMBTU/YR)' HFC ' FUEL, % COAL' KH ' INSTALLED COST’ OFD ' FUEL COST DIFFERENTIAL (%),' : VS. ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM' HOOM ' ORIGINAL O&M ($ 000/YR)' POFD ' FUEL COST ($/MMBTU)' AFHT ' COSTS: FUEL' PHOM ' CAPITAL & O&M' AMOH ' ANNUAL COSTS ($ 000/YR):' F AMORTIZATION' AFH ' FUEL' AOMH ' O&M' ANCSTH' TOTAL' COST 'GRAND TOTAL cOsTsS' CASHF 'CASH FLOW' CCASH 'CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW' GPER ‘ESCALATION RATES (%/YR):' ' GNP DEFLATOR' CPER ' COAL PRICE' OPER ' OIL PRICE' MPER ' O&M' EPER ' ELECTRIC LOAD' DPER ' DISTRICT HEAT LOAD' GINF 'GROWTH INDICES, 1988=100' GNP DEFLATOR' ' CINF ' COAL PRICE' OINF ' OIL PRICE' MINF ' O&M' EINF ' ELECTRIC LOAD' DINF ' DISTRICT HEAT LOAD' s 'DUMMY' CLOK 'DUMMY' &OOTNOTES & 'RETURN ON INVESTMENT IS INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN (1)' & 'EARNED ON NOMINAL CASH FLOWS (C_) THROUGH YEAR 1999.' & ' Cl + C2/(1+1) + C3/((1+I)**2) + 22.4 C15/((1+I)**14)= 0! & ' ' A-2 E-8 "TIMEFRAME OF CALCULATION CAN BE CHANGED.' "FOR ASSISTANCE CALL JOE WAGNER, (518) 785-2416.' et "ASTERISKS INDICATE INPUT VALUES.' Re COLUMNS Y¥4 '1985' Y5 '1986' Y6 '1987' ¥7 '1988' ys '1989' y9 '1990' Yl0 '1991' Yl1l '1992' ¥12 '1993' ¥13 '1994' ¥14 '1995' Y15 '1996' Y1l6 '1997' ¥17 '1998' ¥18 '1999' ¥19 '2000' ¥20 '2001' ¥21 '2002' Y22 '2003' ¥23 '2004' ¥24 '2005' Y25 '2006' REPEAT COLUMN HEADINGS REPEAT ROW HEADINGS DATA USE OMED DATA CLOK= 01234567 89 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 A-3 E-9 RULES IF GPER NEQ 0 THEN GINF = 100 * ((1.000 + (GPER/100)) ** CLOK) IF CPER NEQ 0 THEN CINF = 100 * ((1.000 + (CPER/100)) ** CLOK) IF OPER NEQ 0 THEN OINF = 100 * ((1.000 + (OPER/100)) ** CLOK) IF MPER NEQ 0 THEN MINF =100 * ((1.000 +(MPER/100)) ** CLOK) IF EPER NEQ 0 THEN EINF =100 * ((1.000 +(EPER/100)) ** CLOK) IF DPER NEQ 0 THEN DINF =100 * ((1.000 +(DPER/100)) ** CLOK) IF PFC NEQ 0.0 THEN CPER = 0.0 THEN CINF = 0.0 IF PFO NEQ 0.0 THEN OPER = 0.0 THEN OINF = 0.0 ELOAD = EOLOAD * EINF/100 CAPEL = CCOAL + COIL IF ELOAD GR CAPEL THEN ELOAD = CAPEL ANEL = 8760 * ELOAD /1000 ANC = 8760 * CCOAL /1000 IF ANC GR ANEL THEN ANC = ANEL ANO = 8760 * COIL /1000 XX = ANEL - ANC IF ANO GR XX THEN ANO = XX IF XX GR ANO THEN ANEL = ANEL * (-1000000) & CALCULATE PROJECTED FUEL PRICES, IF PRICES ARE ZEROES IN INPUT FILE IF PFC EQ 0.0 THEN PFC = IF PFO EQ 0.0 THEN PFO = OFC * CINF / 100 OFO * OINF / 100 OOMC * MINF / 100 POMO = OOMO * MINF / 100 AMOC = KE / 20.00 AMOC,Y4 = AMOC,Y4 * 0.0 AFC = (ANC * HRATC / 1000) * PFC /1000 AFO = (ANO * HRATO / 1000) * PFO /1000 AOMC = POMC * (((ANC * 1000) / 8760) / CCOAL) AOMO = POMO * (((ANO * 1000) / 8760) / COIL) POMC A-4 E-10 OTHANN = AMOC + AOMC + AOMO ANCSTE = AMOC + AFC + AFO + AOMC + AOMO UPE = (ANCSTE * 100) / ANEL OTHANN = AOMC + AOMO ANCSTE = AFC + AFO + OTHANN ANDIP = ANDIO * DINF/100 SUF = ANDIP / (SEFF/100) KD = KDP + KDL OOMD = OOMDP + OOMDL AMOD = KD / 20.00 AMOD,Y4 = AMOD,Y4 * 0.0 AFDC = (SUF * (SUFC/100) * PFC) / 1000 AFDO = (SUF * (1.00 - (SUFC/100)) * PFO) / 1000 AFDT = AFDC + AFDO AOMD = OOMD * MINF/100 ANCSTD = AFDT + AOMD HF = HL / (HEFF/100) IF HFC EQ 100 THEN POFD = PFC IF HFC EQ 0 THEN POFD = PFO * (1.0000 + (OFD/100.000)) PHOM = HOOM * MINF /100 AMOH = KH / 20.00 AFH = HF * POFD /1000 AFHT = AFH AOMH = PHOM ANCSTH = AFHT + AOMH DATA Ss = 0 999 SISISIITITIIITTTTTT RULES IF S NEQ 999 & THEN ELOAD = ELOAD * S THEN ANC = ANC * S THEN ANO = ANO * S THEN ANEL = ANEL * S & THEN PFC = PFC * § & THEN PFO = PFO * S & THEN POMC = POMC * S & THEN POMO = POMO * S THEN AMOC = AMOC * S THEN AFC = AFC * S THEN AFO = AFO * S THEN AOMC = AOMC * S THEN AOMO = AOMO * S THEN OTHANN = KE THEN ANCSTE = KE THEN UPE = UPE * S & THEN ANDIP = ANDIP * S THEN SUF = SUF * S THEN SUFC = SUFC * S$ THEN AMOD = AMOD * S THEN AFDC = AFDC * S E-11 THEN THEN THEN THEN & THEN THEN THEN THEN THEN THEN THEN COST = AFDO = AFDO * S AOMD = KD ANCSTD = KD HF = HF * § POFD = POFD * S PHOM = KH AMOH = AMOH * S AFH = AFH * S AOMH = AOMH * S ANCSTH = KH COST = COST * S ANCSTE + ANCSTD + ANCSTH XX = COST * (-1.0000) CCASH = RULES ACC XX IF ELOAD NEQ 9999999 THEN THEN THEN THEN THEN THEN THEN THEN THEN THEN THEN THEN THEN & THEN THEN THEN SPACING CCOAL ANEL HRATC &KE &OFC &OOMC PFC POMC AFC UPE ANDIP &SEFF &SUF AFDT &KDP OOMD HL EOLOAD RIGHT KE RIGHT OFC RIGHT OFO RIGHT OOMC RIGHT OOMO RIGHT ANDIO RIGHT KDP RIGHT KDL RIGHT KD RIGHT OOMDP RIGHT OOMDL RIGHT OOMD' RIGHT HL RIGHT KH RIGHT HOOM RIGHT B B B B B B B B B B BB B B B B B BB PRR RP RP RP RP RP PRP PRP RP Ree ononnnrnnnbnn nh thon ooocooococoococooeooeoooe E-12 &KH &OFD &HOOM POFD AFH ANCSTH &COST &CASHF CCASH GPER GINF P BSAndDnBDBDCWBWBDBDOw EDITING OFC OFO OOMC OOMO PFC PFO POMC POMO UPE SEFF SUFC OOMDP OOMDL HEFF OFD HOOM POFD PHOM GPER CPER CPER OPER OPER MPER EPER DPER GINF CINF CINF OINF OINF MINF EINF DINF o 8 © © © © © © we ew ee 4g yg ye ye ye ee ey ee gg ee PeePyP eae ys SUPPRESS Y5 Y7 Y9 Yll1 Y13 Y15 Y17 Y19 Y21 Y23 Y25 &SUPPRESS Y10 THRU Y13 &SUPPRESS Y15 THRU Y18 &SUPPRESS Y20 THRU Y25 SUPPRESS S CLOK XX SUPPRESS EOLOAD CAPEL ANC ANO KE OFC OFO OOMC OOMO AMOC AOMC AOMO SUPPRESS ANDIO SEFF SUFC KDP KDL KD OOMDP OOMDL OOMD AMOD AFDC AFDO SUPPRESS HFC KH OFD HOOM AMOH AFH AOMH CASHF SAVE COAL END E-14 ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL SAMPLE OF INPUT FILE E-15 & THIS FILE CONTAINS INPUT DATA USED BY THE ALASKAN COAL & TECHNOLOGY MODEL. FIRST VALUE FOLLOWING VARIABLE NAME & IS FOR FIRST YEAR DISPLAYED IN OUTPUT. &&EE &&EE MEDIUM OIL PRICE ASSUMPTION &&EE &&&&& ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM &&&&&&EEEESEEEESEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE & ORIGINAL ELECTRIC LOAD (KW) 1 EOLOAD = 2400 TILTIITTTTT TTA & COAL ELECTRIC CAPACITY (KW) 2 CcOAL = 0 TITIITTTTT TTT & OIL ELECTRIC CAPACITY (KW) 3 COIL = 6968 TILITTTTTTT TTT & COAL HEAT RATE (BTU/KWH) 4 HRATC = 0 FILTTTTTTTTTT TTT & OIL HEAT RATE (BTU/KWH)' 5 HRATO = 10338 TILITTTTTTAT TTT TT & INSTALLED COST OF ELECTRIC SYSTEM ($ 000) 6 KE = 2720 FIPITTTTTTTTT TTT & ORIGINAL PRICE OF COAL ($/MMBTU) & (IS USED ONLY IF PROJECTED COAL PRICE IS INPUT AS ZERO; & I.E., SEE VARIABLE PFC BELOW) 7 OFC = 4.42 TILTTTTTT TATA AAT & ORIGINAL PRICE OF OIL ($/MMBTU) & (IS USED ONLY IF PROJECTED OIL PRICE IS INPUT AS ZERO; & I.E., SEE VARIABLE PFO BELOW) 8 OFO = 8.06 FITTTTTTTTTT ATTA & PROJECTED PRICE OF COAL (ENTER 0.0 AND 20 SLASHES IF YOU WANT PROGRAM & TO COMPUTE THIS VALUE, USING OFC AND CPER) 9 & PFC = 0.0 TILTTTTTT TATA TAT PFC= 4.42 4.70 5.01 4.81 4.83 4.91 5.01 5.16 5.34 5.55 5.75 6.03 6.30 6.57 6.89 7.20 7.53 7.90 8.28 8.68 9.10 & PROJECTED PRICE OF OIL (ENTER 0.0 AND 20 SLASHES IF YOU WANT PROGRAM & TO COMPUTE THIS VALUE, USING OFO AND OPER) 10 & PFO = 0.0 TITITTTTTAT TTT ATT TT PFO= 8.06 8.45 8.99 9.57 10.29 11.04 11.86 12.75 13.69 14.70 15.80 16.96 18.23 19.59 21.06 22.63 24.33 26.15 28.12 30.23 32.51 & ORIGINAL O&M COST ($ 000/YR): COAL 11 oomc =0 TITTTTTTT ATTA AT TTT B-1 E-16 & ORIGINAL O&M COST ($ 000/YR): OIL 12 OOMO = 656 TITIITTTTTTTT TTT TTT &&&EEEEE& DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM G&&&&&5&6EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE & ORIGINAL DISTRICT HEAT LOAD (MMBTU/YR) 13 ANDIO = 33000 TITTITTTTT TTT TATA TT & EFFICIENCY OF DISTRICT HEAT (%). SET EQUAL TO ZERO IF HEAT & IS FROM WASTE HEAT RECOVERY. 14 SEFF = 79 TITITTTTTT ATTA & DISTRICT HEAT FUEL, % COAL 15 suFc = 100 TILIITTTTTT TTA TTT & INSTALLED COST OF DISTRICT HEAT CENTRAL PLANT ($ 000) 16 KDP = 550 TILITTTTTTT TTT TTT TTT & INSTALLED COST OF DISTRICT HEAT LINES ($ 000) 17 KDL = 0 TITTITTTTTT TTA TTT & ORIGINAL O&M COST OF DISTRICT HEAT CENTRAL PLANT ($ 000/YR) 18 OOMDP = 120 TITTTTTTTTT TTT ATT & ORIGINAL O&M COST OF DISTRICT HEAT LINES ($ 000/YR) 19 OOMDL = 0 TITITTTTTT TTT TTA TT &&&&& DISTRIBUTED HEATING SYSTEM EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE & HEAT LOAD OF DISTRIBUTED HEATING SYSTEM (MMBTU/YR) 20 HL = 170072 TITTTTTTTT ATTA TTT & EFFICIENCY OF DISTRIBUTED HEATING (%) 21 HEFF = 79 FILITTTTTTTTT ATT & FUEL, % COAL. SET EQUAL TO 100 OR ZERO. DETERMINES WHICH ESCALATION & RATE IS APPLIED TO DISTRIBUTED HEATING SYSTEM FUEL. & I.E., ENTRY OF 100 CAUSES COAL RATE (SAME ESCALATION & AS USED TO INFLATE COAL USED BY POWER PLANT) TO BE & USED; ENTRY OF ZERO CAUSES OIL RATE (SAME ESCALATION & AS USED TO INFLATE OIL USED BY POWER PLANT) TO BE USED & 22 HFC = 100 TILIA TTT ATT & INSTALLED COST OF DISTRIBUTED HEATING SYSTEM ($ 000) 23 KH = 3169 TILIITITTTTT TTT TT & FUEL OIL PRICE DIFFERENTIAL (%) FOR DISTRIBUTED HEAT SYSTEM 24 OFD = 4.42 TILIITTTTTT TTT TTT B-2 E-17 & ORIGINAL O&M OF DISTIBUTED HEATING SYSTEM ($ 000/YR) 25 HOOM = 0 FITTTTTATA TATA TAT &&&&& COMPOUND ANNUAL GROWTH RATES (%/YR). ENTER ONE &E&EEE VALUE PER LINE (FOLLOWED BY 15 SLASHES). & GNP DEFLATOR (I.E., OVERALL INFLATION RATE IN ECONOMY) 26 GPER = 6.5 TILTTTTTTTTT TTT & COAL PRICE (CPER IS ZEROED BY PROGRAM IF PFC IS INPUT AS NONZERO) CPER = 6.5 TILTTTTTTTT TTT TTL & OIL PRICE (OPER IS ZEROED BY PROGRAM IF PFO IS INPUT AS NONZERO) OPER = 8.5 TIITITITTTTTT TTT & O&M : MPER = 6.5 TILTITTTTTTT TTT & ELECTRIC LOAD EPER = 4.0 PILTIITTTTTTT TTT TTT & DISTRICT HEAT LOAD DPER = 3.0 TIITITITTTTT TTT TTT B-3 E-18 ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL SAMPLE PRINTOUT E-19 0¢@-a T-9 ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM: PROJECTED LOAD (KW) COAL (KW) OIL (KW) CAPACITY: PRODUCTION (000 KWH/YR) HEAT RATE (BTU/KWH): COAL OIL FUEL COST ($/MMBTU): COAL OIL O&M: COAL, 100% LOAD OIL, 100% LOAD COSTS: FUEL (COAL) FUEL (OIL) CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL ELECTRICITY COST (¢/KWH) DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM: LOAD (MMBTU/YR) FUEL (MMBTU/YR) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL DISTRIBUTED HEAT SYSTEM: ANNUAL LOAD (MMBTU/YR) EFFICIENCY FUEL (MMBTU/YR) FUEL COST ($/MMBTU) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL GRAND TOTAL COSTS CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW 1985 2,400 6,968 10,338 4.42 8.06 656.0 2,720 2,720 33,000 185 550 550 170,072 79.0 4.42 — 952 3,169.0 3,169 (6,439 ** ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL ** se TECHNOLOGY: NOME CASE 22 OIL/COAL/COAL se se OIL PRICE ASSUMPTION: MEDIUM ee BERR EEE REE E EEE EEE EEE EERE EEE EERE EERE SEER ESE EEE EEE EE EE EEE * UNLESS NOTED, AMOUNTS ARE THOUSANDS OF CURRENT $. * DATE: 10/10/85 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 2,596 2,808 3,037 3,285 3,552 3,842 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 22,741 24,598 26,604 28,777 31,116 33,656 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 5.01 4.83 5.01 5.34 5.75 6.30 8.99 10.29 11.86 13.69 15.80 18.23 744.0 843.9 957.2 1,085.7 1,231.4 1,396.7 2,114 2,617 3,262 4,073 5,082 6,343 277 340 417 512 628 770 2,391 2,957 3,679 4,585 5,710 7,113 11.11 12.57 14.34 16.41 18.79 21.54 35,010 37,142 39,405 41,804 44,349 47,051 44,316 47,015 49,880 52,916 56,138 59,558 222 227 250 283 323 375 136 154 175 199 225 255 358 381 425 482 548 630 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 79.0 79.0 79.0 79.0 79.0 79.0 215,281 215,281 215,281 215,281 215,281 215,281 5.01 4.83 5.01 5.34 5.75 6.30 1,079 1,040 1,079 1,150 1,238 1,356 1,079 1,040 1,079 1,150 1,238 1,356 3,828 4,378 5,183 6,217 7,496 9,099 ) (13,769) (22,195) (32,133) (44,020) (58,340) (75,696) 1999 4,156 6,968 36,407 10,338 6.89 21.06 1,584.2 7,926 945 8,871 24.74 49,916 63,185 435 290 725 170,072 79.0 215,281 6.89 1,483 2001 4,495 6,968 39,376 10,338 7.53 24.33 1,796.8 9,904 1,159 11,063 28.44 52,955 67,032 505 329 834 170,072 79.0 215,281 7.53 1,621 2003 4,862 6,968 42,591 10,338 8.28 28.12 2,038.0 12,381 1,422 13,803 32.73 56,179 1,113 589 373 962 170,072 79.0 215,281 8.28 1,783 2005 5,259 6,968 46,069 10,338 9.10 32.51 2,311.5 15,483 1,745 17,228 37.69 59,601 75,444 687 423 1,110 _ 170,072 79.0 215,281 9.10 1,959 (96,806) (122,556) (154,055) (192,671) T?-a ESCALATION RATES (%/YR): GNP DEFLATOR COAL PRICE OIL PRICE O&M ELECTRIC LOAD DISTRICT HEAT LOAD GROWTH INDICES, GNP DEFLATOR 1988=100 COAL PRICE OIL PRICE O&M ELECTRIC LOAD DISTRICT HEAT LOAD 1985 wbo 100. 100. 100. 100. -50 -50 -00 .00 00 oo 00 oo 1987 6. OSD 113. 113. 108. 106. 50 -50 -00 .00 42 42 16 o9 1989 6. -00 -00 128. 128 116. .55 112 -50 50 65 -65 99 1991 6. obo 145. 145. 126. 119. 50 -50 -00 -00 91 91 53 41 1993 6.50 6.50 4.00 3.00 165.50 165.50 136.86 126.68 1995 obo 187. 187. 148. 134. -50 -50 -00 -00 71 71 02 39 1997 6. obo 212 212. 160. 142. 50 -50 -00 .00 91 91 10 58 1999 6. obo 241 241. 173. 151. 50 -50 -00 -00 +49 49 17 26 2001 6. obo 273. 273. 187. 160. 50 -50 -00 -00 90 90 30 47 2003 6. wObLO 310. 310. 202. 170. 50 -50 -00 -00 67 67 58 24 2005 who 352. 352. 219. 180. .50 -50 -00 .00 36 APPENDIX F KIVALINA - ECONOMIC MODEL RESULTS t-a ** ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL ** e TECHNOLOGY: KIVALINA CASE 1 OIL/OIL/OIL s +e OIL PRICE ASSUMPTION: MEDIUM oe HORN OER REE EE ROR EE EERE EE EEE EE EE * UNLESS NOTED, AMOUNTS ARE THOUSANDS OF CURRENT $. * DATE: 10/03/85 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM: PROJECTED LOAD (KW) 90 97 105 114 123 133 144 156 169 180 180 CAPACITY: COAL (KW) - = = - . - = = = 7 = OIL (KW) 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 PRODUCTION (000 KWH/YR) - 850 920 999 1,077 1,165 1,261 1,367 1,480 1,577 1,577 HEAT RATE (BTU/KWH): COAL - - - - - - - - - - 7 OIL 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 FUEL COST ($/MMBTU): COAL 5.75 6.52 7.40 8.39 9.52 10.79 12.24 13.89 15.75 17.86 20.26 OIL 11.19 12.54 14.30 16.41 18.86 21.66 24.88 28.60 32.89 37.80 43.60 O&M: COAL, 100% LOAD 530.0 601.1 681.8 773.3 877.2 994.9 1,128.4 1,279.9 1,451.7 1,646.6 1,867.5 OIL, 100% LOAD 75.0 85.1 96.5 109.4 124.1 140.8 159.7 181.1 205.4 233.0 264.3 COSTS: FUEL (COAL) - - - - - - - - - - - FUEL (OIL) - 153 189 236 292 363 452 563 701 858 990 CAPITAL & O&M 450 46 56 69 85 104 128 157 193 233 264 TOTAL 450 199 245 305 377 467 580 720 894 1,091 1,254 ELECTRICITY COST (¢/KWH) - 26.12 29.13 32.83 37.14 42.06 47.82 54.35 61.96 70.64 80.98 DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM: LOAD (MMBTU/YR) 2,802 2,973 3,154 3,346 3,550 3,766 3,995 4,238 4,496 4,770 5,061 FUEL (MMBTU/YR) - 4,247 4,506 4,780 5,071 5,380 5,707 6,054 6,423 6,814 7,230 COSTS: FUEL 45 53 64 78 96 V7 142 173 211 258 315 CAPITAL & O&M 20 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 7 TOTAL 20 55 67 81 99 121 146 178 216 264 322 DISTRIBUTED HEAT SYSTEM: ANNUAL LOAD (MMBTU/YR) 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 EFFICIENCY 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 +70.0 FUEL (MMBTU/YR) - 7,590 7,590 7,590 7,590 7,590 7,590 7,590 7,590 7,590 7,590 FUEL COST ($/MMBTU) 14.79 16.58 18.90 21.69 24.93 28.63 32.89 37.81 43.48 49.97 57.64 COSTS: FUEL 112 126 143 165 189 217 250 287 330 379 - 437 CAPITAL & O&M 32.0 bad = 7 - bd 7 = - - - TOTAL 32 126 143 165 189 217 250 287 330 379 437 GRAND TOTAL COSTS 502 380 455 551 665 805 976 1,185 1,440 1,734 2,013 CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW (502) (1,234) (2,104) (3,159) (4,428) (5,959) (7,824) (10,086) (12,831) (16,149) (20,031) ** ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL ** +? TECHNOLOGY: KIVALINA CASE 2 GT/OIL/OIL ++ ** OIL PRICE ASSUMPTION: MEDIUM ** REE EEE EERE EEE EEE EE EEE EEE EEE EEE EEE EE EE EE EEE * UNLESS NOTED, AMOUNTS ARE THOUSANDS OF CURRENT $. * DATE: 10/03/85 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM: PROJECTED LOAD (KW) 90 97 105 114 123 133 144 156 169 182 197 CAPACITY: COAL (KW) 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 OIL (KW) 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 PRODUCTION (000 KWH/YR) = 850 920 999 1,077 1,165 1,261 1,367 1,480 1,594 1,726 HEAT RATE (BTU/KWH): COAL 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 OIL 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 FUEL COST ($/MMBTU): COAL 5.75 6.52 7.40 8.39 9.52 10.79 12.24 13.89 15.75 17.86 20.26 OIL 11.19 12.54 14.30 16.41 18.86 21.66 24.88 28.60 32.89 37.80 43.60 O&M: COAL, 100% LOAD 530.0 601.1 681.8 773.3 877.2 994.9 1,128.4 1,279.9 1,451.7 1,646.6 1,867.5 OIL, 100% LOAD 75.0 85.1 96.5 109.4 124.1 140.8 159.7 181.1 205.4 233.0 264.3 COSTS: FUEL (COAL) 7 92 112 138 169 208 255 314 385 452 513 FUEL (OIL) - - 7 - = 7 7 - = 33 121 CAPITAL & O&M 2,356 333 409 504 616 756 928 1,141 1,402 1,656 1,900 TOTAL 2,356 425 521 642 785 964 1,183 1,455 1,787 2,141 2,534 ELECTRICITY COST (¢/KWH) = 63.88 69.46 76.08 83.84 92.88 103.17 115.07 128.72 141.72 153.65 DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM: LOAD (MMBTU/YR) 2,802 2,973 3,154 3,346 3,550 3,766 3,995 4,238 4,496 4,770 5,061 FUEL (MMBTU/YR) 7 4,247 4,506 4,780 5,071 5,380 5,707 6,054 6,423 6,814 7,230 COSTS: FUEL 45 53 64 78 96 V17 142 173 211 258 315 CAPITAL & O&M 20 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 7 TOTAL 20 55 67 81 99 121 146 178 216 264 322 DISTRIBUTED HEAT SYSTEM: ANNUAL LOAD (MMBTU/YR) 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 EFFICIENCY 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 + 70.0 FUEL (MMBTU/YR) 7 7,590 7,590 7,590 7,590 7,590 7,590 7,590 7,590 7,590 7,590 FUEL COST ($/MMBTU) 14.79 / 16.58 18.90 21.69 24.93 28.63 32.89 37.81 43.48 49.97 57.64 COSTS: FUEL 112 126 143 165 189 217 250 287 330 379 “437 CAPITAL & O&M 32.0 = = - - = - - = = - TOTAL 32 126 143 165 189 217 250 287 330 379 437 GRAND TOTAL COSTS 2,408 606 731 888 1,073 1,302 1,579 1,920 2,333 2,784 3,293 CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW (2,408) (3,570) (4,967) (6,665) (8,713) (11,195) (14,213) (17,876) (22,322) (27,670) (33,539) *# = ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL ** bdad TECHNOLOGY: KIVALINA CASE 3 GT/DH/OIL se ** OIL PRICE ASSUMPTION: MEDIUM 44 EERE ERE EE EEE EEE EEE EERE EEE EEE EEE EEE * UNLESS NOTED, AMOUNTS ARE THOUSANDS OF CURRENT $. * DATE: 09/19/85 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM: PROJECTED LOAD (KW) 90 97 105 114 123 133 144 156 169 182 197 CAPACITY: COAL (KW) 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 OIL (KW) 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 PRODUCTION (000 KWH/YR) = 850 920 999 1,077 1,165 1,261 1,367 1,480 1,594 1,726 HEAT RATE (BTU/KWH): COAL 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 OIL 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 FUEL COST ($/MMBTU): COAL 5.75 6.52 7.40 8.39 9.52 10.79 12.24 13.89 15.75 17.66 20.26 OIL 11.19 12.54 14.30 16.41 18.86 21.66 24.88 28.60 32.89 37.82 43.73 O&M: COAL, 100% LOAD 530.0 601.1 681.8 773.3 877.2 994.9 1,128.4 1,279.9 1,451.7 1,646.6 1,867.5 OIL, 100% LOAD 75.0 85.1 96.5 109.4 124.1 140.8 159.7 181.1 205.4 233.0 264.3 COSTS: FUEL (COAL) - 92 112 138 169 208 255 314 385 452 513 FUEL (OIL) - - * 7 = = = - - 33 122 CAPITAL & O&M 2,356 333 409 504 616 756 928 1,141 1,402 1,656 1,900 TOTAL 2,356 425 521 642 785 964 1,183 1,455 1,787 2,141 2,535 ELECTRICITY COST (¢/KWH) 7 63.88 69.46 76.08 83.84 92.88 103.17 115.07 128.72 141.72 153.71 DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM: LOAD (MMBTU/YR) 2,802 2,973 3,154 3,346 3,550 3,766 3,995 4,238 4,496 4,770 5,061 FUEL (MMBTU/YR) - - - - - - - 7 - = COSTS: FUEL = CAPITAL & O&M 136 VW 13 15 7 19 21 24 27 31 35 TOTAL 136 VW 13 15 17 19 21 24 27 31 35 DISTRIBUTED HEAT SYSTEM: ANNUAL LOAD (MMBTU/YR) 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 EFFICIENCY 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 * 70.0 FUEL (MMBTU/YR) - 7,590 7,590 7,590 7,590 7,590 7,590 7,590 7,590 7,590 7,590 FUEL COST ($/MMBTU) 14.79 16.58 18.90 21.69 24.93 28.63 32.89 37.81 43.48 50.00 57.81 COSTS: FUEL 112 126 143 165 189 217 250 287 330 380 439 CAPITAL & O&M 32.0 i - - = - = = - - = TOTAL 32 126 143 165 189 217 250 287 330 380 439 GRAND TOTAL COSTS 2,524 562 677 822 991 1,200 1,454 1,766 2,144 2,552 3,009 CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW (2,524) (3,602) (4,897) (6,469) (8,361) (10,653) (13,433) (16,803) (20,890) (25,796) (31,579) ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM: PROJECTED LOAD (KW) CAPACITY: COAL (KW) OIL (KW) PRODUCTION (000 KWH/YR) HEAT RATE (BTU/KWH): COAL OIL FUEL COST ($/MMBTU): COAL OIL O&M: COAL, 100% LOAD OIL, 100% LOAD COSTS: FUEL (COAL) FUEL (OIL) CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL ELECTRICITY COST (¢/KWH) OISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM: LOAD (MMBTU/YR) FUEL (MMBTU/YR) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL DISTRIBUTED HEAT SYSTEM: ANNUAL LOAD (MMBTU/YR) EFFICIENCY FUEL (MMBTU/YR) FUEL COST ($/MMBTU) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL GRAND TOTAL COSTS CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW +* ** ** TECHNOLOGY: ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL KIVALINA CASE 4 OIL PRICE ASSUMPTION: MEDIUM GT/DH/COAL + ** * EERE REE EEE EEE EE EE EE EEE EE EEE EEE * UNLESS NOTED, AMOUNTS ARE THOUSANDS OF CURRENT $. 1985 90 175 180 16,514 14,400 5.75 11.19 530.0 75.0 2,356 2,356 (2,591) (3,509) 1987 97 175 180 850 16,514 14,400 6.52 12.54 601.1 92 333 425 63.88 2,973 1989 105 175 180 920 16,514 14,400 7.40 14.30 681.8 96.5 112 409 521 69.46 3,154 (4,624) 1991 114 175 180 999 16,514 14,400 8.39 16.41 773.3 109.4 138 504 642 76.08 3,346 15 15 (5,986) DATE: 09/19/85 1993 123 175 180 1,077 16,514 14,400 9.52 18.86 877.2 124.1 169 616 785 83.84 3,550 7 17 5,313 79.0 6,725 (7,637) 1995 133 175 180 1,165 16,514 14,400 10.79 21.66 994.9 140.8 208 756 964 92.88 3,766 19 19 (9,650) (12,106) (15,102) (18,756) 1997 144 175 180 1,261 16,514 14,400 12.24 24.88 1,128.4 159.7 255 928 1,183 103.17 3,995 21 21 1999 156 175 180 1,367 16,514 14,400 13.89 28.60 1,279.9 181.1 314 1,141 1,455 115.07 4,238 24 24 2001 169 175 180 1,480 16,514 14,400 15.75 32.89 1,451.7 205.4 385 1,402 1,787 128.72 2003 182 175 180 1,594 16,514 14,400 17.866 37.82 1,646.6 233.0 452 33 1,656 2,141 141.72 4,770 31 31 (23,161) 2005 197 175 180 1,726 16,514 14,400 20.26 43.73 1,867.5 264.3, 513 122 1,900 2,535 153.71 (28,362) ** ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL ** 4 TECHNOLOGY: KIVALINA CASE 5 2GT/OIL/ELEC +? se OIL PRICE ASSUMPTION: MEDIUM * RRR EERE EEE EER ERE RE EE EEE * UNLESS NOTED, AMOUNTS ARE THOUSANDS OF CURRENT $. ° DATE: 10/03/85 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM: PROJECTED LOAD (KW) 269 291 315 340 368 398 431 466 504 530 530 CAPACITY: COAL (KW) 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 . OIL (KW) 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 PRODUCTION (000 KWH/YR) = 2,549 2,759 2,978 3,224 3,486 3,776 4,082 4,415 4,643 4,643 HEAT RATE (BTU/KWH): COAL 16,514 .16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 OIL 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 FUEL COST ($/MMBTU): COAL 5.75 6.52 7.40 8.39 9.52 10.79 12.24 13.89 15.75 17.86 20.26 OIL 11.19 12.54 14.30 16.41 18.86 21.66 24.88 28.60 32.89 37.80 43.60 O&M: COAL, 100% LOAD 530.0 601.1 681.8 773.3 877.2 994.9 1,128.4 1,279.9 1,451.7 1,646.6 1,867.5 OIL, 100% LOAD 75.0 85.1 96.5 109.4 124.1 140.8 159.7 181.1 205.4 233.0 264.3 COSTS: FUEL (COAL) - 274 337 413 482 546 620 703 797 904 1,026 FUEL (OIL) - ir = 7 43 131 254 418 639 858 990 CAPITAL & O&M 4,376 500 614 751 889 1,033 1,200 1,397 1,628 1,880 2,132 TOTAL 4,376 774 951 1,164 1,414 1,710 2,074 2,518 3,064 3,642 4,148 ELECTRICITY COST (¢/KWH) - 38.96 42.41 46.44 50.65 55.34 60.73 67.05 74.36 83.16 94.06 DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM: LOAD (MMBTU/YR) 2,802 2,973 3,154 3,346 3,550 3,766 3,995 4,238 4,496 4,770 5,061 FUEL (MMBTU/YR) - 4,247 4,506 4,780 5,071 5,380 5,707 6,054 6,423 6,814 7,230 COSTS: FUEL 45 53 64 78 96 117 142 173 211 258 315 CAPITAL & O&M 20 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 7 TOTAL 20 55 67 81 99 121 146 178 216 264 322 DISTRIBUTED HEAT SYSTEM: ANNUAL LOAD (MMBTU/YR) 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 EFFICIENCY 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0' 100.0 FUEL (MMBTU/YR) = 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 FUEL COST ($/MMBTU) . 11.19 12.54 14.30 16.41 18.86 21.66 24.88 28.60 32.89 37.80 43.60 COSTS: FUEL 59 67 76 87 100 115 132 152 175 201 232 CAPITAL & O&M 42.0 - 7 7” . = - a - - - TOTAL 42 67 76 87 100 115 132 152 175 201 232 GRAND TOTAL COSTS 4,438 896 1,094 1,332 1,613 1,946 2,352 2,848 3,455 4,107 4,702 CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW (4,438) (6,148) (8,232) (10,771) (13,856) (17,570) (22,060) (27,497) (34,085) (41,998) (50,183) ** ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL ** ** TECHNOLOGY: KIVALINA CASE 6 2 GT/DH/ELEC ** ** OIL PRICE ASSUMPTION: MEDIUM * CEE EEE EEE EEE EE EEE EEE EEE EEE EERE EEE EEE EEE EERE EEE EEE * UNLESS NOTED, AMOUNTS ARE THOUSANDS OF CURRENT $. * DATE: 09/19/85 1985 . 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM: PROJECTED LOAD (KW) 269 291 315 340 368 398 431 466 504 530 —~ 530 CAPACITY: COAL (KW) 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 OIL (kw) 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 PRODUCTION (000 KWH/YR) = 2,549 2,759 2,978 3,224 3,486 3,776 4,082 4,415 4,643 4,643 HEAT RATE (8TU/KWH): COAL 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 OIL 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 FUEL COST ($/MMBTU): COAL 5.75 6.52 7.40 8.39 9.52 10.79 12.24 13.89 15.75 17.86 20.26 OIL 11.19 12.54 14.30 16.41 18.86 21.66 24.88 28.60 32.89 37.82 43.73 O&M: COAL, 100% LOAD 530.0 601.1 681.8 773.3 877.2 994.9 1,128.4 1,279.9 1,451.7 1,646.6 1,867.5 OIL, 100% LOAD 75.0 85.1 96.5 109.4 124.1 140.8 159.7 181.1 205.4 233.0 264.3 COSTS: FUEL (COAL) - 274 337 413 482 546 620 703 797 904 1,026 FUEL (OIL) - - = - 43 131 254 418 639 859 993 CAPITAL & O&M 4,376 500 614 751 889 1,033 1,200 1,397 1,628 1,880 2,132 TOTAL: 4,376 774 951 1,164 1,414 1,710 2,074 2,518 3,064 3,643 4,151 ELECTRICITY COST (¢/KWH) - 38.96 42.41 46.44 50.65 55.34 60.73 67.05 74.36 83.18 94.12 DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM: LOAD (MMBTU/YR) 2,802 2,973 3,154 3,346 3,550 3,766 3,995 4,238 4,496 4,770 5,061 FUEL (MMBTU/YR) COSTS: FUEL - CAPITAL & O&M 136 Ww 13 15 17 19 21 24 27 31 35 TOTAL 136 W 13 15 7 19 21 24 27 31 35 DISTRIBUTED HEAT SYSTEM: ANNUAL LOAD (MMBTU/YR) 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 EFFICIENCY 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 + 100.0 FUEL (MMBTU/YR) 7 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 FUEL COST ($/MMBTU) 11.19 12.54 14.30 16.41 18.86 21.66 24.88 28.60 32.89 37.82 43.73 COSTS: FUEL 59 67 76 87 100 115 132 152 175 201 ~ 232 CAPITAL & O&M 42.0 = = 7 = t = ba = - S TOTAL 42 67 76 87 100 115 132 152 175 201 232 GRAND TOTAL COSTS 4,554 852 1,040 1,266 1,531 1,844 2,227 2,694 CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW (4,554) (6,180) (8,162) (10,575) (13,504) (17,028) (21,280) (26,424) (32,653) (40,124) (48,677) ** ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL ** + TECHNOLOGY: KIVALINA CASE 7 2 GT/ELEC/ELEC +e se OIL PRICE ASSUMPTION: MEDIUM +? HERRERA EEE EERE EERE EEE EERE EEE EERE EEE EERE EE EE EEE EEE * UNLESS NOTED, AMOUNTS ARE THOUSANDS OF CURRENT $. . DATE: 09/19/85 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM: PROJECTED LOAD (KW) 360 389 421 456 493 530 530 530 530 530 530 CAPACITY: COAL (KW) 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 OIL (KW) 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 PRODUCTION (000 KWH/YR) 7 3,408 3,688 3,995 4,319 4,643 4,643 4,643 4,643 4,643 4,643 HEAT RATE (BTU/KWH): COAL 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 OIL 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 FUEL COST ($/MMBTU): COAL 5.75 6.52 7.40 8.39 9.52 10.79 12.24 13.89 15.75 17.86 20.26 OIL 11.19 12.54 14.30 16.41 18.86 21.66 24.88 28.60 32.89 37.82 43.73 O&M: COAL, 100% LOAD 530.0 601.1 681.8 773.3 877.2 994.9 1,128.4 1,279.9 1,451.7 1,646.6 1,867.5 OIL, 100% LOAD 75.0 85.1 96.5 109.4 124.1 140.8 189.7 181.1 205.4 233.0 264.3 COSTS: FUEL (COAL) - 330 375 425 482 546 620 703 797 904 1,026 FUEL (OIL) = 62 128 220 340 492 565 649 747 859 993 CAPITAL & O&M 4,376 619 720 837 976 1,136 1,288 1,461 1,657 1,880 2,132 TOTAL 4,376 1,011 1,223 1,482 1,798 2,174 2,473 2,813 3,201 3,643 4,151 ELECTRICITY COST (¢/KWH) 7 36.09 39.10 42.58 46.70 51.54 57.98 65.30 73.66 83.18 94.12 DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM: : LOAD (MMBTU/YR) 2,802 2,973 3,154 3,346 3,550 3,766 3,995 4,238 4,496 4,770 5,061 FUEL (MMBTU/YR) - 2,973 3,154 3,346 3,550 3,766 3,995 4,238 4,496 4,770 5,061 COSTS: FUEL’ 31 37 45 55 67 82 99 121 148 180 221 CAPITAL & O&M 20 = = - - - 7 - - = - TOTAL 20 37 45 55 67 82 99 121 148 180 221 DISTRIBUTED HEAT SYSTEM: ANNUAL LOAD (MMBTU/YR) 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 EFFICIENCY 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 , 100.0 FUEL (MMBTU/YR) - 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 FUEL COST ($/MMBTU) 11.19 12.54 14.30 16.41 18.86 21.66 24.88 28.60 32.89 37.82 43.73 COSTS: FUEL 59 67 76 87 100 115 132 152 175 201 232 CAPITAL & O&M 42.0 = =~ = 7 = - - = = - TOTAL 42 67 76 87 100 115 132 152 175 201 232 GRAND TOTAL COSTS 4,438 1,115 1,344 1,624 1,965 2,371 2,704 3,086 3,524 4,024 4,604 CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW (4,438) (6,572) (9,141) (12,241) (15,992) (20,523) (25,759) (31,735) (38,557) (46,346) (55,251) ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM: PROJECTED LOAD (KW) CAPACITY: COAL (KW) OIL (KW) PRODUCTION (000 KWH/YR) HEAT RATE (BTU/KWH): COAL OIL FUEL COST ($/MMBTU): COAL OIL O&M: COAL, 100% LOAD OIL, 100% LOAD COSTS: FUEL (COAL) FUEL (OIL) CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL ELECTRICITY COST (¢/KWH) DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM: LOAD (MMBTU/YR) FUEL (MMBTU/YR) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL DISTRIBUTED HEAT SYSTEM: ANNUAL LOAD (MMBTU/YR) EFFICIENCY FUEL (MMBTU/YR) FUEL COST ($/MMBTU) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL GRAND TOTAL COSTS CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW ** * +* * UNLESS NOTED, 1985 90 175 180 16,514 14,400 5.75 11.19 530.0 75.0 2,356 2,356 2,802 45 20 20 (2,475) TECHNOLOGY: OIL PRICE ASSUMPTION: MEDIUM BREE ORR ERR ERE EEE ERE EEE EE EEE 1987 97 175 180 850 16,514 14,400 6.52 12.54 601.1 85.1 92 333 425 63.88 2,973 4,247 53 55 (3,477) 1989 105 175 180 920 16,514 14,400 7.40 14.30 681.8 96.5 112 409 521 69.46 3,154 4,506 64 67 (4,694) DATE: 1991 114 175 180 999 16,514 14,400 8.39 16.41 773.3 109.4 138 504 642 76.08 3,346 4,780 78 81 (6,182) (7,989) (10,194) (12,888) (16,177) 1993 123 175 180 1,077 16,514 14,400 9.52 18.86 877.2 124.1 169 616 785 83.84 3,550 5,071 96 99 1995 133 175 180 1,165 16,514 14,400 10.79 21.66 994.9 140.8 208 756 964 92.88 3,766 5,380 117 121 ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL KIVALINA CASE 8 GT/OIL/COAL AMOUNTS ARE THOUSANDS OF CURRENT $. 10/03/85 1997 144 175 180 1,261 16,514 14,400 12.24 24.88 1,128.4 159.7 255 928 1,183 103.17 3,995 5,707 142 146 ** ** ** * 1999 156 175 180 1,367 16,514 14,400 13.89 28.60 1,279.9 181.1 314 1,141 1,455 115.07 4,238 6,054 173 178 2001 169 175 180 1,480 16,514 14,400 15.75 32.89 1,451.7 205.4 385 1,402 1,787 128.72 4,496 6,423 211 216 (20,190) 2003 182 175 180 1,594 16,514 14,400 17.86 37.80 1,646.6 233.0 452 33 1,656 2,141 141.72 4,770 6,814 258 264 (25,038) 2005 197 175 180 1,726 16,514 14,400 20.26 43.60 1,867.5 264.3 513 121 1,900 2,534 153.65 5,061 7,230 315 322 (30,206) OT-4 ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM: PROJECTED LOAD (KW) CAPACITY: COAL (KW) OIL (Kw) PRODUCTION (000 KWH/YR) HEAT RATE (BTU/KWH): COAL OIL FUEL COST ($/MMBTU): COAL OIL O&M: COAL, 100% LOAD OIL, 100% LOAD COSTS: FUEL (COAL) FUEL (OIL) CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL ELECTRICITY COST (¢/KWH) DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM: LOAD (MMBTU/YR) FUEL (MMBTU/YR) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL DISTRIBUTED HEAT SYSTEM: ANNUAL LOAD (MMBTU/YR) EFFICIENCY FUEL (MMBTU/YR) FUEL COST ($/MMBTU) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL GRAND TOTAL COSTS CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW ** ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL ** TECHNOLOGY: +? OIL PRICE ASSUMPTION: MEOIUM EOE EE EEE EEE * UNLESS NOTED, AMOUNTS ARE THOUSANDS OF CURRENT $. 1985 1987 1989 90 97 105 180 180 180 = 650 920 16,514 16,514 16,514 14,400 14,400 14,400 5.75 6.52 7.40 1.19 12.54 14.30 530.0 601.1 681.8 75.0 85.1 96.5 7 153 189 450 46 56 450 199 245 - 26.12 29.13 2,802 2,973 3,154 ba 4,247 4,506 45 53 64 20 2 3 20 55 67 5,313 5,313 5,313 79.0 79.0 79.0 - 6,725 6,725 5.75 6.52 7.40 39 44 50 99.0 - = 99 44 50 569 298 362 (569) (1,141) (1,831) DATE: 10/03/85 1991 1993 114 123 180 180 999 1,077 16,514 16,514 14,400 14,400 8.39 9.52 16.41 18.86 773.3 877.2 109.4 124.1 236 292 69 85 305 377 32.83 37.14 3,346 3,550 4,780 5,071 78 96 3 3 81 99 5,313 5,313 79.0 79.0 6,725 6,725 8.39 9.52 56 64 56 64 442 540 (2,676) (3,704) KIVALINA CASE 9 OIL/OIL/COAL 1995 133 180 1,165 16,514 14,400 10.79 21.66 994.9 140.8 363 104 467 42.06 3,766 5,380 V7 121 1997 144 180 1,261 16,514 14,400 12.24 24.88 1,128.4 159.7 452 128 580 47.82 3,995 5,707 142 146 (6,499) ** +* ** * 1999 156 180 1,367 16,514 14,400 13.89 28.60 1,279.9 181.1 563 157 720 54.35 4,238 6,054 173 178 2001 169 180 1,480 16,514 14,400 15.75 32.89 1,451.7 205.4 701 193 894 61.96 4,496 6,423 211 216 2003 180 180 1,577 16,514 14,400 17.86 37.80 1,646.6 233.0 858 233 1,091 70.64 4,770 6,814 258 264 2005 180 180 1,577 16,514 14,400 20.26 43.60 1,867.5 264.3 990 264 1,254 80.98 5,061 7,230 315 322 (8,387) (10,699) (13,517) (16,698) TI-d ** ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL ** +e TECHNOLOGY: KIVALINA CASE 10 GT/DH/ELEC oe +e OIL PRICE ASSUMPTION: MEDIUM ** EERE EERE EERE EEE EEE EERE EEE EEE EEE EEE EE EEE EEE * UNLESS NOTED, AMOUNTS ARE THOUSANDS OF CURRENT $. * DATE: 09/19/85 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM: PROJECTED LOAD (KW) 269 291 315 340 355 355 355 355 355 355 355 CAPACITY: COAL (KW) 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 OIL (KW) 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 PRODUCTION (000 KWH/YR) - 2,549 2,759 2,978 3,110 3,110 3,110 3,110 3,110 3,110 3,110 HEAT RATE (BTU/KWH): COAL 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 OIL 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 FUEL COST ($/MMBTU): COAL 5.75 6.52 7.40 8.39 9.52 10.79 12.24 13.89 15.75 17.86 20.26 OIL 11.19 12.54 14.30 16.41 18.86 21.66 24.88 28.60 32.89 37.82 43.73 O&M: COAL, 100% LOAD 530.0 601.1 681.8 773.3 877.2 994.9 1,128.4 1,279.9 1,451.7 1,646.6 1,867.5 OIL, 100% LOAD 75.0 85.1 96.5 109.4 124.1 140.8 159.7 181.1 205.4 233.0 264.3 COSTS: FUEL (COAL) - 165 187 212 241 273 310 352 399 452 513 FUEL (OIL) - 183 252 341 428 492 565 649 747 859 993 CAPITAL & O&M 2,356 656 757 873 1,001 1,136 1,288 1,461 1,657 1,880 2,132 TOTAL 2,356 1,004 1,196 1,426 1,670 1,901 2,163 2,462 2,803 3,191 3,638 ELECTRICITY COST (¢/KWH) - 44.02 47.63 51.85 57.49 64.92 73.34 82.96 93.92 106.40 120.77 DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM: LOAD (MMBTU/YR) 2,802 2,973 3,154 3,346 3,550 3,766 3,995 4,238 4,496 4,770 5,061 FUEL (MMBTU/YR) =| 7 - - - - - - - - - COSTS: FUEL = 7 - - - r - = - - - CAPITAL & O&M 136 VW 13 15 17 19 21 24 27 31 35 TOTAL 136 VW 13 15 7 19 21 24 27 31 35 DISTRIBUTED HEAT SYSTEM: ANNUAL LOAD (MMBTU/YR) 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 EFFICIENCY 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 , 100.0 FUEL (MMBTU/YR) = 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 FUEL COST ($/MMBTU) 11.19 12.54 14.30 16.41 18.86 21.66 24.88 28.60 32.89 37.82 43.73 COSTS: FUEL 59 67 76 87 100 115 132 152 175 201 232 CAPITAL & O&M 42.0 - 7 - - - - - - - - TOTAL 42. 67 76 87 132 175 201 232 GRAND TOTAL COSTS 2,534 1,082 1,285 1,528 CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW (2,534) (4,614) (7,078) (10,007) (13,466) (17,407) (21,894) (27,005) (32,825) (39,455) (47,014) eT-a ** ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL ** se TECHNOLOGY: KIVALINA CASE 11 OIL/COAL/COAL ee se OIL PRICE ASSUMPTION: MEDIUM +s REE EEE EERE EEE REE EEE EERE EERE EEE EERE REE EEE EE EEE ED * UNLESS NOTED, AMOUNTS ARE THOUSANDS OF CURRENT $. * DATE: 09/19/85 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM: PROJECTED LOAD (KW) 90 97 105 114 123 133 144 156 169 180 180 CAPACITY: COAL (KW) - - - 7 = - - - - - - OIL (KW) 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 PRODUCTION (000 KWH/YR) = 850 920 999 1,077 1,165 1,261 1,367 1,480 1,577 1,577 HEAT RATE (BTU/KWH): COAL - - - - 7 - - - - - - OIL 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 FUEL COST ($/MMBTU): COAL 5.75 6.52 7.40 8.39 9.52 10.79 12.24 13.89 15.75 17.86 20.26 OIL 11.19 12.54 14.30 16.41 18.86 21.66 24.88 28.60 32.89 37.82 43.73 O&M: COAL, 100% LOAD 530.0 601.1 681.8 773.3 877.2 994.9 1,128.4 1,279.9 1,451.7 1,646.6 1,867.5 OIL, 100% LOAD 75.0 85.1 96.5 109.4 124.1 140.8 159.7 181.1 205.4 233.0 264.3 COSTS: FUEL (COAL) - = - - ba - - - 7 - - FUEL (OIL) - 153 189 236 292 363 452 563 701 659 993 CAPITAL & O&M 450 46 56 69 85 104 128 157 193 233 264 TOTAL 450 199 245 305 377 467 580 720 894 1,092 1,257 ELECTRICITY COST (¢/KWH) - 26.12 29.13 32.83 37.14 42.06 47.82 54.35 61.96 70.70 81.17 DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM: LOAD (MMBTU/YR) 2,802 2,973 3,154 3,346 3,550 3,766 3,995 4,238 4,496 4,770 5,061 FUEL (MMBTU/YR) - 3,763 3,992 4,235 4,494 4,767 5,057 5,365 5,691 6,038 6,406 COSTS: FUEL 20 25 30 36 43 51 62 75 90 108 130 CAPITAL & O&M 52 23 26 29 33 38 43 48 55 62 70 TOTAL 52 48 56 65 76 89 105 123 145 170 200 DISTRIBUTED HEAT SYSTEM: ANNUAL LOAD (MMBTU/YR) 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 EFFICIENCY 79.0 79.0 79.0 79.0 79.0 79.0 79.0 79.0 79.0 79.0 179.0 FUEL (MMBTU/YR) - 6,725 6,725 6,725 6,725 6,725 6,725 6,725 6,725 6,725 6,725 FUEL COST ($/MMBTU) 5.75 6.52 7.40 8.39 9.52 10.79 12.24 13.89 15.75 17.86 20.26 COSTS: FUEL 39 44 50 56 64 73 82 93 106 120 136 CAPITAL & O&M 99.0 - - = = 7 = = - - - TOTAL 99 44 50 56 64 73 82 93 106 120 136 GRAND TOTAL COSTS 601 351 426 517 629 767 936 1,145 1,382 1,593 CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW (601) (1,158) (1,828) (2,642) (3,627) (4,826) (6,289) (8,073) (10,251) (12,893) (15,967) €1-d ** ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL ** ** TECHNOLOGY: KIVALINA CASE 12 GT/COAL/COAL ** ** OIL PRICE ASSUMPTION: MEDIUM +* EERE EEE EEE EERE EEE EEE EEE EEE EERE EEE EEE EEE EEE EE EEE EEE EEE * UNLESS NOTED, AMOUNTS ARE THOUSANDS OF CURRENT $. * DATE: 09/19/85 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM; PROJECTED LOAD (KW) 90 97 105 114 123 133 144 156 169 182 197 CAPACITY: COAL (KW) 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 OIL (KW) 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 PRODUCTION (000 KWH/YR) - 850 920 999 1,077 1,165 1,261 1,367 1,480 1,594 1,726 HEAT RATE (BTU/KWH): COAL 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 OIL 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 FUEL COST ($/MMBTU): COAL 5.75 6.52 7.40 8.39 9.52 10.79 12.24 13.89 15.75 17.86 20.26 OIL 11.19 12.54 14.30 16.41 18.86 21.66 24.88 28.60 32.89 37.82 43.73 O&M: COAL, 100% LOAD 530.0 601.1 681.8 773.3 877.2 994.9 1,128.4 1,279.9 1,451.7 1,646.6 1,867.5 OIL, 100% LOAD 75.0 85.1 96.5 109.4 124.1 140.8 159.7 181.1 205.4 233.0 264.3 COSTS: FUEL (COAL) - 92 112 138 169 208 255 314 385 452 513 FUEL (OIL) - = = - - 7 = - - 33 122 CAPITAL & O&M 2,356 333 409 504 616 756 928 1,141 1,402 1,656 1,900 TOTAL 2,356 425 521 642 785 964 1,183 1,455 1,787 2,141 2,535 ELECTRICITY COST (¢/KWH) - ' 63.88 69.46 76.08 83.84 92.88 103.17 115.07 128.72 141.72 153.71 DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM: LOAD (MMBTU/YR) 2,802 2,973 3,154 3,346 3,550 3,766 3,995 4,238 4,496 4,770 5,061 FUEL (MMBTU/YR) bes 3,763 3,992 4,235 4,494 4,767 5,057 5,365 5,691 6,038 6,406 COSTS: FUEL 20 25 30 36 43 51 62 75 90 108 130 CAPITAL & O&M 52 23 26 29 33 38 43 48 55 62 70 TOTAL 52 48 56 65 76 89 105 123 145 170 200 DISTRIBUTED HEAT SYSTEM: ANNUAL LOAD (MMBTU/YR) 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 5,313 EFFICIENCY 79.0 79.0 79.0 79.0 79.0 79.0 79.0 79.0 79.0 79.0 ' 79.0 FUEL (MMBTU/YR) - 6,725 6,725 6,725 6,725 6,725 6,725 6,725 6,725 6,725 6,725 FUEL COST ($/MMBTU) 5.75 6.52 7.40 8.39 9.52 10.79 12.24 13.89 15.75 17.86 20.26 COSTS: FUEL 39 44 50 56 64 73 82 93 106 120 136 CAPITAL & O&M 99.0 7 - - - a - - - - - TOTAL 99 44 50 56 64 73 82 93 106 120 136 GRAND TOTAL COSTS 2,507 517 627 763 925 1,126 1,370 1,671 CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW (2,507) (3,494) (4,691) (6,148) (7,912) (10,059) (12,675) (15,860) (19,739) (24,410) (29,927) yT-d ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM: PROJECTED LOAD (KW) COAL (KW) OIL (KW) CAPACITY: PRODUCTION (000 KWH/YR) HEAT RATE (BTU/KWH): COAL OIL FUEL COST ($/MMBTU): COAL OIL O&M: COAL, 100% LOAD OIL, 100% LOAD COSTS: FUEL (COAL) FUEL (OIL) CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL ELECTRICITY COST (¢/KWH) DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM: LOAD (MMBTU/YR) FUEL (MMBTU/YR) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL DISTRIBUTED HEAT SYSTEM: ANNUAL LOAD (MMBTU/YR) EFFICIENCY FUEL (MMBTU/YR) FUEL COST ($/MMBTU) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL GRAND TOTAL COSTS CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW ++ +* ** ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL TECHNOLOGY: KIVALINA CASE 13 GT / CITYWIDE DH OIL PRICE ASSUMPTION: MEDIUM * +* ** RR EEE REE ER REE EEE EEE EEE EEE * UNLESS NOTED, AMOUNTS ARE THOUSANDS OF CURRENT $. 1985 90 175 180 16,514 14,400 5.75 11.19 530.0 75.0 2,356 2,356 8,115 2,020 2,020 (4,376) 1987 97 175 180 850 16,514 14,400 6.52 12.54 601.1 85.1 92 333 425 63.88 8,609 34 34 (5,253) 1989 105 175 180 920 16,514 14,400 7.40 14.30 681.8 96.5 112 409 521 69.46 9,133 39 39 (6,321) DATE: 10/07/85 1991 1993 1995 1997 114 123 133 144 175 175 175 175 180 180 180 180 999 1,077 1,165 1,261 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 8.39 9.52 10.79 12.24 16.41 18.86 21.66 24.88 773.3 877.2 994.9 1,128.4 109.4 124.1 140.8 159.7 138 169 208 255 504 616 756 928 642 785 964 1,183 76.08 83.84 92.88 103.17 9,690 10,280 10,906 11,570 44 50 56 64 44 50 56 64 16.41 18.86 21.66 24.88 686 835 1,020 1,247 (7,630) (9,221) (11,165) (13,545) * 1999 156 175 180 1,367 16,514 14,400 13.89 28.60 1,279.9 181.1 314 1,141 1,455 115.07 12,275 72 72 (16,453) 2001 169 175 180 1,480 16,514 14,400 15.75 32.89 1,451.7 205.4 385 1,402 1,787 128.72 13,022 82 82 (20,008) 2003 182 175 180 1,594 16,514 14,400 17.86 37.82 1,646.6 233.0 452 33 1,656 2,141 141.72 13,815 93 93 (24,301) 2005 197 175 180 1,726 16,514 14,400 20.26 43.73 1,867.5 264.3 513 122 1,900 2,535 153.71 (29,375) APPENDIX G NOME - ECONOMIC MODEL RESULTS ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM: PROJECTED LOAD (KW) CAPACITY: COAL (KW) OIL (kW) PRODUCTION (000 KWH/YR) HEAT RATE (BTU/KWH): COAL OIL FUEL COST ($/MMBTU): COAL OIL O&M: COAL, 100% LOAD OIL, 100% LOAD COSTS: FUEL (COAL) FUEL (OIL) CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL ELECTRICITY COST (¢/KWH) DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM: LOAD (MMBTU/YR) FUEL (MMBTU/YR) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL DISTRIBUTED HEAT SYSTEM: ANNUAL LOAD (MMBTU/YR) EFFICIENCY FUEL (MMBTU/YR) FUEL COST ($/MMBTU) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL GRAND TOTAL COSTS CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW 1985 2,400 6,968 10,338 4.42 8.06 656.0 2,720 2,720 33,000 332 235 235 170,072 70.0 9.27 2,252 1,025.0 1,025 (3,980) (14,163) ** ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL ** ** TECHNOLOGY: NOME CASE 1 OIL/OIL/OIL ** ** OIL PRICE ASSUMPTION: MEDIUM +* SAA RRA RRR RE RE * UNLESS NOTED, AMOUNTS ARE THOUSANDS OF CURRENT §$. * DATE: 10/08/85 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2,596 2,808 3,037 3,285 3,552 3,842 4,156 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 22,741 24,598 26,604 28,777 1,116 33,656 36,407 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 5.01 4.83 5.01 5.34 5.75 6.30 6.89 8.99 10.29 11.86 13.69 15.80 18.23 21.06 744.0 843.9 957.2 1,085.7 1,231.4 1,396.7 1,584.2 2,114 2,617 3,262 4,073 5,082 6,343 7,926 277 340 4l7 512 628 770 945 2,391 2,957 3,679 4,585 5,710 7,113 8,871 v4.11 12.57 14.34 16.41 18.79 21.54 24.74 35,010 37,142 39,405 41,804 44,349 47,051 49,916 43,763 46,428 49,256 52,255 55,436 58,814 62,395 393 478 584 715 876 1,072 1,314 3 4 4 5 6 6 7 396 482 588 720 882 1,078 1,321 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 242,960 242,960 242,960 242,960 242,960 242,960 242,960 10.34 11.83 13.64 15.74 18.17 20.96 24.22 2,512 2,874 3,314 3,824 4,415 5,092 5,884 2,512 2,874 3,314 3,824 4,415 5,092 5,884 5,299 6,313 7,581 9,129 11,007 13,283 16,076 (26,233) (40,728) (58,179) (79,205) (104,570) (135,256) 2001 4,495 6,968 39,376 10,338 7.53 24.33 1,796.8 9,904 1,159 11,063 28.44 52,955 66,194 1,611 1,619 170,072 70.0 242,960 27.98 6,798 (172,424) 2003 4,862 6,968 42,591 10,338 8.28 28.12 2,038.0 12,381 1,422 13,803 32.73 6,179 70,224 1,975 1,984 170,072 70.0 242,960 32.34 7,857 (217,521) 2005 5,259 6,968 46,069 10,338 9.10 32.51 2,311.5 15,483 1,745 17,228 37.69 59,601 74,501 2,422 11 2,433 170,072 70.0 242,960 37.39 9,084 (272,325) ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM: PROJECTED LOAD (KW) CAPACITY: COAL (KW) OIL (Kw) PRODUCTION (000 KWH/YR) HEAT RATE (BTU/KWH): COAL OIL FUEL COST ($/MMBTU): COAL OIL O&M: COAL, 100% LOAD OIL, 100% LOAD COSTS: FUEL (COAL) FUEL (OIL) CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL ELECTRICITY COST (¢/KWH) DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM: LOAD (MMBTU/YR) FUEL (MMBTU/YR) COSTS: FUEL 7 CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL DISTRIBUTED HEAT SYSTEM: ANNUAL LOAD (MMBTU/YR) EFFICIENCY FUEL (MMBTU/YR) FUEL COST ($/MMBTU) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL GRAND TOTAL COSTS CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW 1985 2,400 4,200 6,968 16,655 10,338 4.42 8.06 1,400.0 656.0 10,029 10,029 15,188 1,958 1,358 187,884 70.0 9.27 2,488 1,132.0 1,132 (12,519) (23,452) (35,829) (50,115) (66,765) (86,276) (109,243) (136,320) (168,457) ** ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL ** se TECHNOLOGY: NOME CASE 3 STM/DH A/OIL se oe OIL PRICE ASSUMPTION: MEDIUM ee SHER E EEN ER EE EERE EERE HERES ER ESTES EE EEE EREE TEES EE ESESESES * UNLESS NOTED, AMOUNTS ARE THOUSANDS OF CURRENT $. * DATE: 09/19/85 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 2,596 2,808 3,037 3,285 3,552 3,842 4,200 4,200 4,200 4,200 4,200 4,200 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 22,741 24,598 26,604 28,777 31,116 33,656 16,655 16,655 16,655 16,655 16,655 16,655 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 5.01 4.83 5.01 5.34 5.75 6.30 8.99 10.29 11.86 13.69 15.80 18.23 1,587.9 1,801.1 2,042.7 2,317.0 2,627.9 2,980.7 744.0 843.9 957.2 1,085.7 1,231.4 1,396.7 1,898 1,979 2,220 2,559 2,980 3,531 981 1,204 1,477 1,812 2,222 2,727 2,879 3,183 3,697 4,371 5,202 6,258 14.86 > 14.98 15.78 16.93 18.33 20.08 6,113 17,094 18,136 19,240 20,411 21,655 37 42 48 55 62 70 37 42 48 55 62 70 187,884 187,884 187,684 187,884 187,884 187,884 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 268,406 268,406 268,406 268,406 268,406 268 , 406 10.34 11.83 13.64 15.74 18.17 20.96 2,775 3,175 3,661 4,225 4,877 5,626 2 775 5 3,661 4,225 4,877 5,626 5,691 Fre eae) Ve ees ree a Nea em 1999 4,156 4,200 6,968 36,407 16,655 10,338 6.89 21.06 3,380.9 1,584.2 4,178 3,346 7,524 22.04 22,973 80 80 187,884 70.0 268,406 24.22 6,501 2001 4,495 4,200 6,968 39,376 16,655 10,338 7.53 24.33 3,834.6 1,796.8 4,614 650 3,911 9,175 24.57 24,372 90 90 187,884 70.0 268,406 27.98 7,510 2003 4,862 4,200 6,968 42,591 16,655 10,338 8.28 28.12 4,349.4 2,038.0 5,074 1,686 4,543 11,303 27.71 25,856 103 103 187,884 » 70.0 268,406 32.34 8,680 (206,890) 2005 . 5,259 4,200 6,968 46,069 16,655 10,338 9.10 32.51 4,933.0 2,311.5 5,576 3,118 5,284 13,978 31.43 27,431 116 116 187,884 70.0 268,406 37.39 10,036 (253,021) s-5 ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM: PROJECTED LOAD (KW) CAPACITY: COAL (KW) OIL (KW) PRODUCTION (000 KWH/YR) HEAT RATE (BTU/KWH): COAL OIL FUEL COST ($/MMBTU): COAL OIL O&M: COAL, 100% LOAD OIL, 100% LOAD COSTS: FUEL (COAL) FUEL (OIL) CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL ELECTRICITY COST (¢/KWH) DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM: LOAD (MMBTU/YR) FUEL (MMBTU/YR) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL DISTRIBUTED HEAT SYSTEM: ANNUAL LOAD (MMBTU/YR) EFFICIENCY FUEL (MMBTU/YR) FUEL COST ($/MMBTU) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL GRAND TOTAL COSTS CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW ** * +* TECHNOLOGY: ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL ** NOME CASE 4 STM/DH A/ELEC OIL PRICE ASSUMPTION: MEDIUM * ** RRR EEE EEE EERE EEE EEE EE EERE EEE EERE EERE EERE EEE EEE EEE * UNLESS NOTED, AMOUNTS ARE THOUSANDS OF CURRENT $. 1985 4,930 4,200 6,968 16,655 10,338 4.42 8.06 1,400.0 656.0 10,029 10,029 5,188 1,358 1,358 187,884 100.0 8.06 1,514 1,486.0 1,486 (12,873) 1987 5,332 4,200 6,968 46,708 16,655 10,338 5.01 8.99 1,587.9 744.0 3,070 922 1,709 5,701 13.28 16,113 37 37 187,884 100.0 187,884 8.99 1,689 (27,096) DATE: 09/19/85 1989 1991 1993 5,768 6,238 6,747 4,200 4,200 4,200 6,968 6,968 6,968 50,528 54,645 59,104 16,655 16,655 16,655 10,338 10,338 10,338 4.83 5.01 5.34 10.29 11.86 13.69 1,801.1 2,042.7 2,317.0 843.9 957.2 1,085.7 2,960 3,070 3,272 1,461 2,189 3,158 1,991 2,323 2,714 6,412 7,582 9,144 13.68 14.79 16.32 17,094 18,136 19,240 42 48 55 42 48 55 187,884 187,884 187,884 100.0 100.0 100.0 187,884 187,884 187,884 10.29 11.86 13.69 1,933 2,228 2,572 1,933 2,228 2,572 8,387 9,858 11,771 (43,279) (62,213) (84,745) (111,811) (144,576) (184,399) 1995 7,297 4,200 6,968 63,922 16,655 10,338 5.75 15.80 2,627.9 1,231.4 3,523 4,431 3,175 11,129 18.19 20,411 62 62 187,884 100.0 187,884 15.80 2,969 1997 7,893 4,200 6,968 69,143 16,655 10,338 6.30 18.23 2,980.7 1,396.7 3,860 6,097 3,721 13,678 20.51 21,655 70 70 187,884 100.0 187,884 18.23 3,425 1999 8,537 4,200 6,968 74,784 16,655 10,338 6.89 21.06 3,380.9 1,584.2 4,222 8,272 4,367 16,861 23.22 22,973 80 80 187,884 100.0 187,884 21.06 3,957 2001 9,234 4,200 6,968 80,890 16,655 10,338 7.53 24.33 3,834.6 1,796.8 4,614 11,092 5,133 20,839 26.38 24,372 90 90 187,884 100.0 187,884 24.33 4,571 (232,969) 2003 9,987 4,200 6,968 87,486 16,655 10,338 8.28 28.12 4,349.4 2,038.0 5,074 14,737 6,042 25,853 30.12 25,856 103 103 187,884 + 100.0 187,884 28.12 5,283 (292,421) 2005 10,802 4,200 6,968 94,626 16,655 10,338 9.10 32.51 4,933.0 2,311.5 5,576 19,437 7,123 32,136 34.49 27,431 116 116 187,884 100.0 187,884 32.51 6,108 (365,386) ** ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL ** ** TECHNOLOGY: NOME CASE 5 STM/OH FULL/OIL oe +? OIL PRICE ASSUMPTION: MEDIUM ** HERE EERE EERE EERE RE EEE EE EEE EEE EEE EEE EEE EEE EEE EEE EES * UNLESS NOTED, AMOUNTS ARE THOUSANDS OF CURRENT $. * DATE: 09/19/85 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM: PROJECTED LOAD (KW) 2,400 2,596 2,808 3,037 3,285 3,552 3,842 4,156 4,495 4,862 5,259 CAPACITY: COAL (KW) 4,200 4,200 4,200 4,200 4,200 4,200 4,200 4,200 4,200 4,200 4,200 OIL (KW) 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 PRODUCTION (000 KWH/YR) 7 22,741 24,598 26,604 28,777 31,116 33,656 36,407 39,376 42,591 46,069 HEAT RATE (BTU/KWH): COAL 16,655 16,655 16,655 16,655 16,655 16,655 16,655 16,655 16,655 16,655 16,655 OIL 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 FUEL COST ($/MMBTU): COAL 4.42 5.01 4.83 5.01 5.34 5.75 6.30 6.89 7.53 8.28 9.10 OIL 8.06 8.99 10.29 11.86 13.69 15.80 18.23 21.06 24.33 28.12 32.51 O&M: COAL, 100% LOAD 1,400.0 1,587.9 1,801.1 2,042.7 2,317.0 2,627.9 2,980.7 3,380.9 3,834.6 4,349.4 4,933.0 OIL, 100% LOAD 656.0 744.0 843.9 957.2 1,085.7 1,231.4 1,396.7 1,584.2 1,796.8 2,038.0 2,311.5 COSTS: FUEL (COAL) 7 1,898 1,979 2,220 2,559 2,980 3,531 4,178 4,614 5,074 5,576 FUEL (OIL) 7 = = = - 7 - - 650 1,686 3,118 CAPITAL & O&M 10,029 981 1,204 1,477 1,812 2,222 2,727 3,346 3,911 4,543 5,284 TOTAL 10,029 2,879 3,183 3,697 4,371 5,202 6,258 7,524 9,175 11,303 13,978 ELECTRICITY COST (¢/KWH) 7 14.86 14.98 15.78 16.93 18.33 20.08 22.04 24.57 27.71 31.43 DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM: LOAD (MMBTU/YR) 33,000 35,010 37,142 39,405 41,804 44,349 47,051 49,916 52,955 56,179 59,601 FUEL (MMBTU/YR) COSTS: FUEL - - - - - - - - - CAPITAL & O&M 6,499 134 152 172 195 221 251 285 323 367 416 TOTAL 6,499 134 152 172 195 221 251 285 323 367 416 OISTRIBUTED HEAT SYSTEM: ANNUAL LOAD (MMBTU/YR) 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 EFFICIENCY 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 » 70.0 70.0 FUEL (MMBTU/YR) - 242,960 242,960 242,960 242,960 242,960 242,960 242,960 242,960 242,960 242,960 FUEL COST ($/MMBTU) 9.27 10.34 11.83 13.64 15.74 18.17 20.96 24.22 27.98 32.34 37.39 COSTS: FUEL 2,252 2,512 2,874 3,314 3,824 4,415 5,092 5,884 6,798 7,857 9,084 CAPITAL & O&M 1,025.0 - 7 - - - - - = - - TOTAL 1,025 2,512 2,874 3,314 3,824 4,415 5,092 GRAND TOTAL COSTS 17,553 5,525 6,209 7,183 8,390 9,838 11,601 CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW (17,553) (28,164) (40,173) (54,030) (70,178) (89,105) (111,393) (137,678) (168,892) (206,249) (251,124) ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM: PROJECTED LOAD (KW) CAPACITY: COAL (KW) OIL (KW) PRODUCTION (000 KWH/YR) HEAT RATE (BTU/KWH): COAL OIL FUEL COST ($/MMBTU): COAL OIL O&M: COAL, 100% LOAD OIL, 100% LOAD COSTS: FUEL (COAL) FUEL (OIL) CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL ELECTRICITY COST (¢/KWH) DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM: LOAD (MMBTU/YR) FUEL (MMBTU/YR) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL DISTRIBUTED HEAT SYSTEM: ANNUAL LOAD (MMBTU/YR) EFFICIENCY FUEL (MMBTU/YR) FUEL COST ($/MMBTU) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL GRAND TOTAL COSTS CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW ** ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL ** +e TECHNOLOGY : ss OIL PRICE ASSUMPTION: MEDIUM RRR EERE EERE EEE EERE EEE EEE EE EEE EEE EERE EEE EEE EE EE * UNLESS NOTED, 1985 1987 1989 6,035 6,527 7,060 4,200 4,200 4,200 6,968 6,968 6,968 = 57,177 61,846 16,655 16,655 16,655 10,338 10,338 10,338 4.42 5.01 4.83 8.06 8.99 10.29 1,400.0 1,587.9 1,801.1 656.0 744.0 843.9 = 3,070 2,960 = 1,895 2,665 10,029 1,836 2,147 10,029 6,801 7,772 7 12.77 13.38 1,344 a = 1,344 a 7 8.06 8.99 10.29 1,486.0 a. = 1,486 ee =I 12,859 6,801 were (12,859) (25,828) (40,776) (58,525) (79,986) (106,186) 09/19/85 1991 1993 7,636 8,260 4,200 4,200 6,968 6,968 66,891 72,358 16,655 16,655 10,338 10,338 5.01 5.34 11.86 13.69 2,042.7 2,317.0 957.2 1,085.7 3,070 3,272 3,690 5,034 2,515 2,950 9,275 11,256 14.61 16.25 11.86 13.69 9,275 11,256 NOME CASE 6 STM/ELEC/ELEC AMOUNTS ARE THOUSANDS OF CURRENT $. DATE: 1995 8,933 4,200 6,968 78,253 16,655 10,338 5.75 15.80 2,627.9 1,231.4 3,523 6,772 3,464 13,759 18.22 * + * 1997 9,662 4,200 6,968 84,639 16,655 10,338 6.30 18.23 2,980.7 1,396.7 3,860 9,017 4,076 16,953 20.62 (138,410) 1999 10,451 4,200 6,968 91,551 16,655 10,338 6.89 21.06 3,380.9 1,584.2 4,222 11,922 4,802 20,946 23.43 (178, 183) 2001 1,168 4,200 6,968 97,832 16,655 10,338 7.53 24.33 3,834.6 1,796.8 4,614 15,353 5,632 25,599 26.68 (227,074) 2003 11,168 4,200 6,968 97,832 16,655 10,338 8.28 28.12 4,349.4 2,038.0 5,074 17,745 6,387 29,206 30.37 (283,620) 2005 1,168 4,200 6,968 97,832 16,655 10,338 9.10 32.51 4,933.0 2,311.5 5,576 20,515 7,245 33,336 34.59 (348,153) ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM: PROJECTED LOAD (KW) CAPACITY: COAL (KW) OIL (Kw) PRODUCTION (000 KWH/YR) HEAT RATE (BTU/KWH): COAL OIL FUEL COST ($/MMBTU): COAL OIL O&M: COAL, 100% LOAD OIL, 100% LOAD COSTS: FUEL (COAL) FUEL (OIL) CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL ELECTRICITY COST (¢/KWH) DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM: LOAD (MMBTU/YR) FUEL (MMBTU/YR) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL DISTRIBUTED HEAT SYSTEM: ANNUAL LOAD (MMBTU/YR) EFFICIENCY FUEL (MMBTU/YR) FUEL COST ($/MMBTU) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL GRAND TOTAL COSTS CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW 1985 2,400 4,316 6,968 15,215 10,338 4.42 8.06 2,017.0 656.0 14,479 14,479 33,000 332 235 235 170,072 70.0 9.27 2,252 1,025.0 (15,739) ** ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL ** ++ TECHNOLOGY: NOME CASE 7 2 GT/OIL/OIL se +e OIL PRICE ASSUMPTION: MEDIUM ** ER EERE ERE EEE * UNLESS NOTED, AMOUNTS ARE THOUSANDS OF CURRENT $. * DATE: 10/08/85 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2,596 2,808 3,037 3,285 3,552 3,842 4,156 4,316 4,316 4,316 4,316 4,316 4,316 4,316 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 22,741 24,598 26,604 28,777 31,116 33,656 36,407 15,215 15,215 15,215 15,215 15,215 15,215 15,215 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 5.01 4.83 5.01 5.34 5.75 6.30 6.89 8.99 10.29 11.86 13.69 15.80 18.23 21.06 2,287.7 2,594.9 2,943.0 3,338.1 3,786.1 4,294.4 4,870.9 744.0 843.9 957.2 1,085.7 1,231.4 1,396.7 1,584.2 1,733 1,808 2,028 2,338 2,722 3,226 3,817 1,376 1,688 2,071 2,541 3,116 3,823 4,690 3,109 3,496 4,099 4,879 5,838 7,049 8,507 16.86 17.16 18.13 19.47 21.09 23.10 25.36 35,010 37,142 39,405 41,804 44,349 47,051 49,916 43,763 46,428 49,256 52,255 55,436 58,814 62,395 393 478 584 715 876 1,072 1,314 3 4 4 5 6 6 7 396 482 588 720 882 1,078 1,321 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 242,960 242,960 242,960 242,960 242,960 242,960 242,960 10.34 11.83 13.64 15.74 18.17 20.96 24.22 2,512 2,874 3,314 3,824 4,415 5,092 5,884 2,512 2,874 3,314 3,824 4,415 5,092 5,884 6,017 6,852 8,001 9,423 11,135 13,219 15,712 (27,286) (40,503) (55,903) (74,005) (95,385) (120,738) (150,851) 2001 4,495 4,316 6,968 39,376 15,215 10,338 7.53 24.33 5,524.6 1,796.8 4,332 394 5,571 10,297 27.99 52,955 6,194 1,611 1,619 170,072 70.0 242,960 27.98 6,798 (186,691) 2003 4,862 4,316 6,968 42,591 15,215 10,338 8.28 28.12 6,266.2 2,038.0 4,763 1,390 6,426 12,579 31.23 56,179 70,224 1,975 1,984 170,072 70.0 242,960 32.34 7,857 (229,586) 2005 5,259 4,316 6,968 46,069 15,215 10,338 9.10 32.51 7,107.1 2,311.5 5,235 2,776 7,420 15,431 35.07 59,601 74,501 2,422 11 2,433 170,072 70.0 242,960 37.39 9,084 (281,099) 6-9 ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM: PROJECTED LOAD (KW) CAPACITY: COAL (KW) OIL (KW) PRODUCTION (000 KWH/YR) HEAT RATE (BTU/KWH): COAL OIL FUEL COST ($/MMBTU): COAL OIL O&M: COAL, 100% LOAD OIL, 100% LOAD COSTS: FUEL (COAL) FUEL (OIL) CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL ELECTRICITY COST (¢/KWH) DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM: LOAD (MMBTU/YR) FUEL (MMBTU/YR) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL DISTRIBUTED HEAT SYSTEM: ANNUAL LOAD (MMBTU/YR) EFFICIENCY FUEL (MMBTU/YR) FUEL COST ($/MMBTU) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL GRAND TOTAL COSTS CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW 1985 | 2,400 4,316 6,968 15,215 10,338 4.42 8.06 2,017.0 656.0 14,479 14,479 15,188 1,358 1,358 187,884 70.0 9.27 2,488 1,132.0 1,132 (16,969) (28,340) (41,303) (56,346) (73,956) (94,671) (119,138) (148,081) (182,389) ** ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL ** + TECHNOLOGY: NOME CASE 8 2 GT/DH A/OIL oe ** OIL PRICE ASSUMPTION: MEDIUM se BERRA EERE EERE EEE EEE EERE EEE AE EERE EERE EERE REE EE EEE EEE * UNLESS NOTED, AMOUNTS ARE THOUSANDS OF CURRENT $. . DATE: 09/19/85 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 2,596 2,808 3,037 3,285 3,552 3,842 4,316 4,316 4,316 4,316 4,316 4,316 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 22,741 24,598 26,604 28,777 31,116 33,656 15,215 158,215 15,215 15,215 15,215 15,215 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 5.01 4.83 5.01 5.34 5.75 6.30 8.99 10.29 11.86 13.69 15.80 18.23 2,287.7 2,594.9 2,943.0 3,338.1 3,786.1 4,294.4 744.0 843.9 957.2 1,085.7 1,231.4 1,396.7 1,733 1,808 2,028 2,338 2,722 3,226 1,376 1,688 2,071 2,541 3,116 3,823 3,109 3,496 4,099 4,879 5,838 7,049 16.86 17.16 18.13 19.47 21.09 23.10 16,113 17,094 18,136 19,240 20,411 21,655 37 42 48 55 62 70 37 42 48 55 62 70 187,884 187,884 187,884 187,884 187,884 187,884 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 268,406 268,406 268,406 268,406 268,406 268,406 10.34 11.83 13.64 15.74 18.17 20.96 2,775 3,175 3,661 4,225 4,877 5,626 2,775 3,175 3,661 4,225 4,877 5,626 5,921 6,713 7,808 9,159 10,777 12,745 1999 4,156 4,316 6,968 36,407 15,215 10,338 6.89 21.06 4,870.9 1,584.2 3,817 4,690 8,507 25.36 22,973 80 80 187,884 70.0 268,406 24.22 6,501 2001 4,495 4,316 6,968 39,376 15,215 10,338 7.53 24.33 5,524.6 1,796.8 4,332 394 5,571 10,297 27.99 24,372 90 90 187,884 70.0 268,406 27.98 7,510 2003 4,862 4,316 6,968 42,591 15,215 10,338 8.28 28.12 6,266.2 2,038.0 4,763 1,390 6,426 12,579 31.23 25,856 103 103 187,884 * 70.0 268,406 32.34 8,680 (223,295) 2005 5,259 4,316 6,968 46,069 15,215 10,338 9.10 32.51 7,107.1 2,311.5 5,235 2,776 7,420 15,431 35.07 27,431 116 116 187,884 70.0 268,406 37.39 10,036 (272,240) OT-9 ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM: PROJECTED LOAD (KW) CAPACITY: COAL (KW) OIL (KW) PRODUCTION (000 KWH/YR) HEAT RATE (BTU/KWH): COAL OIL FUEL COST ($/MMBTU): COAL OIL O&M: COAL, 100% LOAD OIL, 100% LOAD COSTS: FUEL (COAL) FUEL (OIL) CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL ELECTRICITY COST (¢/KWH) DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM: LOAD (MMBTU/YR) FUEL (MMBTU/YR) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL DISTRIBUTED HEAT SYSTEM: ANNUAL LOAD (MMBTU/YR) EFFICIENCY FUEL (MMBTU/YR) FUEL COST ($/MMBTU) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL GRAND TOTAL COSTS CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW ** ** ** 1985 4,930 4,316 6,968 15,215 10,338 4.42 8.06 2,017.0 656.0 14,479 14,479 15,188 1,358 1,358 187,884 100.0 8.06 1,514 1,486.0 1,486 ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL ** TECHNOLOGY: NOME CASE 9 2 GT/DH A/ELEC #¢ OIL PRICE ASSUMPTION: MEDIUM ** HER RE EEE EEE EEE EEE EEE EEE EEE EE EEE EEE * UNLESS NOTED, AMOUNTS ARE THOUSANDS OF CURRENT $. . DATE: 09/19/85 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 5,332 5,768 6,238 6,747 7,297 7,893 8,537 4,316 4,316 4,316 4,316 4,316 4,316 4,316 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 46,708 50,528 54,645 59,104 63,922 69,143 74,784 15,215 15,215 15,215 15,215 15,215 15,215 15,215 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 5.01 4.83 5.01 5.34 5.75 6.30 6.89 8.99 10.29 11.86 13.69 15.80 18.23 21.06 2,287.7 2,594.9 2,943.0 3,338.1 3,786.1 4,294.4 4,870.9 744.0 843.9 957.2 1,085.7 1,231.4 1,396.7 1,584.2 2,882 2,778 2,882 3,072 3,308 3,624 3,963 827 1,353 2,064 3,014 4,265 5,905 8,050 2,396 2,771 3,207 3,717 4,313 5,011 5,831 6,105 6,902 8,153 9,803 11,886 14,540 17,844 14.62 15.09 16.24 17.81 19.73 22.08 24.83 6,113 17,094 18,136 19,240 20,411 21,655 22,973 37 42 48 55 62 70 80 37 42 48 55 62 70 80 187,884 187,884 187,884 187,884 187,884 187,884 187,884 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 187,884 187,884 187,884 187,884 187,884 187,884 187,884 8.99 10.29 11.86 13.69 15.80 18.23 21.06 1,689 1,933 2,228 2,572 2,969 3,425 3,957 1,689 1,933 2,228 2,572 2,969 3,425 3,957 7,831 8,877 10,429 12,430 14,917 18,035 21,881 (17,323) (32,331) (49,455) (69,489) (93,293) (121,822) (156,256) (197,983) 2001 9,234 4,316 6,968 80,890 15,215 10,338 7.53 24.33 5,524.6 1,796.8 4,332 10,836 6,793 21,961 28.04 24,372 90 90 187,884 100.0 187,884 24.33 4,571 (248,725) 2003 9,987 4,316 6,968 87,486 15,215 10,338 8.28 28.12 6,266.2 2,038.0 4,763 14,442 7,925 27,130 31.84 25,856 103 103 187,884 +» 100.0 187,884 28.12 5,283 (310,650? 2005 10,802 4,316 6,968 94,626 15,215 10,338 9.10 32.51 7,107.1 2,311.5 5,235 19,096 9,259 3,590 36.26 27,431 187,884 100.0 187,884 32.51 6,108 (386,430) TI-9 ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM: PROJECTED LOAD (KW) CAPACITY: COAL (KW) OIL (Kw) PRODUCTION (000 KWH/YR) HEAT RATE (BTU/KWH): COAL OIL FUEL COST ($/MMBTU): COAL OIL O&M: COAL, 100% LOAD OIL, 100% LOAD COSTS: FUEL (COAL) FUEL (OIL) CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL ELECTRICITY COST (¢/KWH) DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM: LOAD (MMBTU/YR) FUEL (MMBTU/YR) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL DISTRIBUTED HEAT SYSTEM: ANNUAL LOAD (MMBTU/YR) EFFICIENCY FUEL (MMBTU/YR) FUEL COST ($/MMBTU) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL GRAND TOTAL COSTS CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW 1985 2,400 4,316 6,968 15,215 10,338 4.42 8.06 2,017.0 656.0 14,479 14,479 33,000 6,499 6,499 170,072 70.0 9.27 2,252 1,025.0 1,025 (22,003) (33,052) (45,647) (60,261) (77,369) (97,500) (121,288) (149,439) (182,824) ** ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL ** + TECHNOLOGY: NOME CASE 10 2 GT/DH FULL/OIL se se OIL PRICE ASSUMPTION: MEDIUM ** EERE EEE RARE EERE EERE EERE EEE EERE EER EEE EEE EE EERE REE EEE EEE * UNLESS NOTED, AMOUNTS ARE THOUSANDS OF CURRENT $. * DATE: 09/19/85 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 2,596 2,808 3,037 3,285 3,552 3,842 4,316 4,316 4,316 4,316 4,316 4,316 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 22,741 24,598 26,604 28,777 31,116 33,656 15,215 15,215 15,215 15,215 15,215 15,215 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 5.01 4.83 5.01 5.34 5.75 6.30 8.99 10.29 11.86 13.69 15.80 18.23 2,287.7 2,594.9 2,943.0 3,338.1 3,786.1 4,294.4 744.0 843.9 957.2 1,085.7 1,231.4 1,396.7 1,733 1,808 2,028 2,338 2,722 3,226 1,376 1,688 2,071 2,541 3,116 3,823 3,109 3,496 4,099 4,879 5,638 7,049 16.86 17.16 18.13 19.47 21.09 23.10 35,010 37,142 39,405 41,804 44,349 47,051 134 152 172 195 221 251 134 152 172 195 221 251 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 242,960 242,960 242,960 242,960 242,960 242,960 10.34 11.83 13.64 15.74 18.17 20.96 2,512 2,874 3,314 3,824 4,415 5,092 2,512 2,874 3,314 3,824 4,415 5,092 5,755 6,522 7,585 8,898 10,474 12,392 1999 4,156 4,316 6,968 36,407 15,215 10,338 6.89 21.06 4,870.9 1,584.2 3,817 4,690 8,507 25.36 49,916 285 285 170,072 70.0 242,960 24.22 5,884 2001 4,495 4,316 6,968 39,376 15,215 10,338 7.53 24.33 5,524.6 1,796.8 4,332 394 5,571 10,297 27.99 52,955 323 323 170,072 70.0 242,960 27.98 6,798 2003 4,862 4,316 6,968 42,591 15,215 10,338 8.28 28.12 6,266.2 2,038.0 4,763 1,390 6,426 12,579 31.23 56,179 367 367 170,072 * 70.0 242,960 32.34 ‘7,857 (222,654) 2005 5,259 4,316 6,968 46,069 15,215 10,338 9.10 32.51 7,107.1 2,311.5 5,235 2,776 7,420 15,431 35.07 59,601 416 416 170,072 70.0 242,960 37.39 9,084 (270,343) eT-9 ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM: PROJECTED LOAD (KW) CAPACITY: COAL (KW) OIL (KW) PRODUCTION (000 KWH/YR) HEAT RATE (BTU/KWH): COAL OIL FUEL COST ($/MMBTU): COAL OIL O&M: COAL, 100% LOAD OIL, 100% LOAD COSTS: FUEL (COAL) FUEL (OIL) CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL ELECTRICITY COST (¢/KWH) DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM: LOAD (MMBTU/YR) FUEL (MMBTU/YR) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL DISTRIBUTED HEAT SYSTEM: ANNUAL LOAD (MMBTU/YR) EFFICIENCY FUEL (MMBTU/YR) FUEL COST ($/MMBTU) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL GRAND TOTAL COSTS CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW ** ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL ** ** TECHNOLOGY: NOME CASE 11 2 GT/ELEC/ELEC + ** OIL PRICE ASSUMPTION: MEDIUM + EERE EEE EEE EERE EERE EE EE EEE EEE EERE EERE EE EEE EE EEE EEE EE * UNLESS NOTED, AMOUNTS ARE THOUSANDS OF CURRENT $. * DATE: 09/19/85 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 6,035 6,527 7,060 7,636 8,260 8,933 4,316 4,316 4,316 4,316 4,316 4,316 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 - 57,177 61,846 66,891 72,358 78,253 15,215 15,215 15,215 15,215 15,215 15,215 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 4.42 5.01 4.83 5.01 5.34 5.75 8.06 8.99 10.29 11.86 13.69 15.80 2,017.0 2,287.7 2,594.9 2,943.0 3,338.1 3,786.1 656.0 744.0 843.9 957.2 1,085.7 1,231.4 - 2,882 2,778 2,882 3,072 3,308 7 1,800 2,557 3,566 4,890 6,606 14,479 2,524 2,927 3,399 3,953 4,602 14,479 7,206 8,262 9,847 11,915 14,516 - 13.87 14.53 15.80 17.47 19.48 1,344 - - - - - 1,344 - - - - - 8.06 8.99 10.29 11.86 13.69 15.80 486.0 = - 7 - - 1,486 - - _ - - 14,516 1997 9,662 4,316 6,968 84,639 15,215 10,338 6.30 18.23 4,294.4 1,396.7 3,624 8,826 5,366 17,816 21.90 1999 10,451 4,316 6,968 91,551 18,215 10,338 6.89 21.06 4,870.9 1,584.2 3,963 1,701 6,266 21,930 24.74 (17,309) (31,064) (46,953) (65,803) (88,536) (116,199) (150,093) (191,770) 2001 11,284 4,316 6,968 98,848 15,215 10,338 7.53 24.33 5,524.6 1,796.8 4,332 15,353 7,322 27,007 28.05 (243,120) 2003 2005 11,284 11,284 4,316 4,316 6,968 6,968 98,848 98,848 15,215 15,215 10,338 10,338 8.28 9.10 28.12 32.51 6,266.2 7,107.1 2,038.0 2,311.5 4,763 5,235 17,745 20,515 8,304 9,419 30,812 35,169 31.90 36.31 28.12 32.51 30,812 35,169 (302,775) (370,856) €T-9 ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM: PROJECTED LOAD (KW) CAPACITY: COAL (KW) OIL (Kw) PRODUCTION (000 KWH/YR) HEAT RATE (BTU/KWH): COAL OIL FUEL COST ($/MMBTU): COAL OIL O&M: COAL, 100% LOAD OIL, 100% LOAD COSTS: FUEL (COAL) FUEL (OIL) CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL ELECTRICITY COST (¢/KWH) DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM: LOAD (MMBTU/YR) FUEL (MMBTU/YR) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL DISTRIBUTED HEAT SYSTEM: ANNUAL LOAD (MMBTU/YR) EFFICIENCY FUEL (MMBTU/YR) FUEL COST ($/MMBTU) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL GRAND TOTAL COSTS CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW 1985 2,400 3,458 6,968 11,057 10,338 4.42 8.06 1,382.0 656.0 8,788 8,788 33,000 332 235 235 170,072 70.0 9.27 2,252 1,025.0 1,025 (10,048) > ** ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL ** TECHNOLOGY: NOME CASE 12 SI GT/OIL/OIL oe OIL PRICE ASSUMPTION: MEDIUM +* ** +e REE EEE EEE EEE EEE EE EE AEE EEE EE EEE EEE EE EEE EEE * UNLESS NOTED, AMOUNTS ARE THOUSANDS OF CURRENT $. DATE: 10/08/85 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 2,596 2,808 3,037 3,285 3,552 3,842 3,458 3,458 3,458 3,458 3,458 3,458 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 22,741 24,598 26,604 28,777 31,116 33,656 11,057 11,057 11,057 11,057 11,057 11,057 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 5.01 4.83 5.01 5.34 5.75 6.30 8.99 10.29 11.86 13.69 15.80 18.23 1,567.5 1,777.9 2,016.5 2,287.2 2,594.2 2,942.4 744.0 843.9 957.2 1,085.7 1,231.4 1,396.7 1,260 1,314 1,474 1,699 1,926 2,110 - - - - 135 634 1,177 1,444 1,771 2,173 2,611 3,019 2,437 2,758 3,245 3,872 4,672 5,763 12.65 13.00 13.85 14.98 16.43 18.43 35,010 37,142 39,405 41,804 44,349 47,051 43,763 46,428 49,256 52,255 55,436 58,814 393 478 584 715 876 1,072 3 4 4 5 6 6 396 482 588 720 882 1,078 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 242,960 242,960 242,960 242,960 242,960 242,960 10.34 11.83 13.64 15.74 18.17 20.96 2,512 2,874 3,314 3,824 4,415 5,092 2,512 2,874 3,314 3,824 4,415 5,092 5,345 6,114 7,147 8,416 9,969 11,933 (20,315) (32,100) (45,853) (62,022) (81,137) (103,974) 1999 2001 2003 4,156 4,495 4,862 3,458 3,458 3,458 6,968 6,968 6,968 36,407 39,376 42,591 11,057 11,057 11,057 10,338 10,338 10,338 6.89 7.53 8.28 21.06 24.33 28.12 3,337.4 3,785.3 4,293.5 1,584.2 1,796.8 2,038.0 2,308 2,522 2,773 1,331 2,285 3,575 3,496 4,052 4,704 7,135 8,859 11,052 20.80 23.61 26.98 49,916 52,955 56,179 62,395 6,194 70,224 1,314 1,611 1,975 7 8 9 1,321 1,619 1,984 170,072 170,072 170,072 70.0 70.0 70.0 242,960 242,960 242,960 24,22 32.34 7,857 7,857 20,893 (131,386) (164,392) (204,276) 2005 5,259 3,458 6,968 46,069 11,057 10,338 9.10 32.51 4,869.6 2,311.5 3,048 5,302 5,467 13,817 30.94 59,601 74,501 2,422 VW 2,433 170,072 70.0 242,960 37.39 9,084 9,084 25,334 (252,604) y1-9 ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM: PROJECTED LOAD (KW) CAPACITY: COAL (KW) OIL (KW) PRODUCTION (000 KWH/YR) HEAT RATE (BTU/KWH): COAL OIL FUEL COST ($/MMBTU): COAL OIL O&M: COAL, 100% LOAD OIL, 100% LOAD COSTS: FUEL (COAL) FUEL (OIL) CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL ELECTRICITY COST (¢/KWH) DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM: LOAD (MMBTU/YR) FUEL (MMBTU/YR) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL DISTRIBUTED HEAT SYSTEM: ANNUAL LOAD (MMBTU/YR) EFFICIENCY FUEL (MMBTU/YR) FUEL COST ($/MMBTU) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL GRAND TOTAL COSTS CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW 1985 2,400 3,458 6,968 11,057 10,338 4.42 8.06 — 1,382.0 656.0 8,788 8,788 15,188 1,358 1,358 187,884 70.0 9.27 2,488 1,132.0 1,132 ** ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL ** ** = TECHNOLOGY: NOME CASE 13 SI GT/DH A/OIL * ** OIL PRICE ASSUMPTION: MEDIUM ** EERE EEE EERE EEE EEE EEE EERE EEE EEE EEE EEE SEER EEE EEE EEE EEE EEE * UNLESS NOTED, AMOUNTS ARE THOUSANDS OF CURRENT $. * DATE: 09/19/85 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 2,596 2,808 3,037 3,265 3,552 3,842 3,458 3,458 3,458 3,458 3,458 3,458 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 22,741 24,598 26,604 28,777 31,116 33,656 11,057 11,057 11,057 11,057 11,057 11,057 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 5.01 4.83 5.01 5.34 5.75 6.30 8.99 10.29 11.86 13.69 15.80 18.23 1,567.5 1,777.9 2,016.5 2,287.2 2,594.2 2,942.4 744.0 843.9 957.2 1,085.7 1,231.4 1,396.7 1,260 1,314 1,474 1,699 1,926 2,110 - - - 7 135 634 1,177 1,444 1,771 2,173 2,611 3,019 2,437 2,758 3,245 3,872 4,672 5,763 12.65 13.00 13.85 14.98 16.43 18.43 16,113 17,094 18,136 19,240 20,411 21,655 37 42 48 55 62 70 37 42 48 55 62 70 187,884 187,884 187,884 187,884 187,884 187,884 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 268,406 268,406 268,406 268,406 268,406 268,406 10.34 11.83 13.64 15.74 18.17 20.96 2,775 3,175 3,661 4,225 4,877 5,626 2,775 3,175 3,661 4,225 4,877 5,626 5,249 5,975 6,954 8,152 9,611 11,459 1999 4,156 3,458 6,968 36,407 11,057 10,338 6.89 21.06 3,337.4 1,584.2 2,308 1,331 3,496 7,135 20.80 22,973 80 80 187,884 70.0 268,406 24.22 6,501 2001 4,495 3,458 6,968 39,376 11,057 10,338 7.53 24.33 3,785.3 1,796.8 2,522 2,285 4,052 8,859 23.61 24,372 90 90 187,884 70.0 268,406 27.98 7,510 2003 4,862 3,458 6,968 42,591 11,057 10,338 8.28 28.12° 4,293.5 2,038.0 2,773 3,575 4,704 11,052 26.98 25,856 103 103 187,884 , 70.0 268,406 32.34 8,680 (32,900) (46,296) (61,973) (80,423) (102,374) (128,616) (160,090) (197,985) 2005 5,259 3,458 6,968 46,069 11,057 10,338 9.10 32.51 4,869.6 2,311.5 3,048 5,302 5,467 13,817 30.94 27,431 116 116 187,884 70.0 268,406 37.39 10,036 (243,745) ST-9 ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM: PROJECTED LOAD (KW) CAPACITY: COAL (KW) OIL (KW) PRODUCTION (000 KWH/YR) HEAT RATE (BTU/KWH): COAL OIL FUEL COST ($/MMBTU): COAL OIL O&M: COAL, 100% LOAD OIL, 100% LOAD COSTS: FUEL (COAL) FUEL (OIL) CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL ELECTRICITY COST (¢/KWH) DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM: LOAD (MMBTU/YR) FUEL (MMBTU/YR) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL DISTRIBUTED HEAT SYSTEM: ANNUAL LOAD (MMBTU/YR) EFFICIENCY FUEL (MMBTU/YR) FUEL COST ($/MMBTU) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL GRAND TOTAL COSTS CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW ** ** +* * UNLESS NOTED, 1985 4,930 3,458 6,968 11,057 10,338 4.42 8.06 1,382.0 656.0 8,788 8,788 15,188 1,358 1,358 187,884 100.0 8.06 1,514 1,486.0 1,486 (11,632) (24,442) NOME CASE 14 SI GT/DH A/ELEC OIL PRICE ASSUMPTION: MEDIUM REE EERE EEE EERE EEE ER EERE EEE EEE EEE EERE REESE EEE EEE EEE EES 1987 5,332 3,458 6,968 46,708 11,057 10,338 5.01 8.99 1,567.5 744.0 1,678 1,526 1,767 4,971 11.58 16,113 37 37 187,884 100.0 187,884 8.99 1,689 1989 5,768 3,458 6,968 50,528 11,057 10,338 4.83 10.29 1,777.9 843.9 1,618 2,153 2,058 5,829 12.41 17,094 42 42 187,884 100.0 187,884 10.29 1,933 (39,411) (57,273) (78,829) 1991 6,238 3,458 6,968 54,645 11,057 10,338 5.01 11.86 2,016.5 957.2 1,678 2,986 2,398 7,062 13.73 18,136 48 48 187,884 100.0 187,884 11.86 2,228 1993 6,747 3,458 6,968 59,104 11,057 10,338 5.34 13.69 2,287.2 1,085.7 1,789 4,078 2,799 8,666 15.41 19,240 55 55 187,884 100.0 187,884 13.69 2,572 2,572 11,293 1995 7,297 3,458 6,968 63,922 11,057 10,338 5.75 15.80 2,594.2 1,231.4 1,926 5,493 3,272 10,691 17.41 20,411 62 62 187,884 100.0 187,884 15.80 2,969 ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL ** TECHNOLOGY: * * AMOUNTS ARE THOUSANDS OF CURRENT $. * DATE: 09/19/85 1997 7,893 3,458 6,968 9,143 11,057 10,338 6.30 18.23 2,942.4 1,396.7 2,110 7,322 3,831 13,263 19.82 21,655 70 70 187,884 100.0 187,884 18.23 3,425 1999 8,537 3,458 6,968 74,784 11,057 10,338 6.89 21.06 3,337.4 1,584.2 2,308 9,687 4,492 16,487 22.63 22,973 80 80 187,884 100.0 187,884 21.06 3,957 (104,995) (136,913) (175,971) 2001 9,234 3,458 6,968 80,890 11,057 10,338 7.53 24.33 3,785.3 1,796.8 2,522 12,727 5,274 20,523 25.91 24,372 90 90 187,884 100.0 187,884 24.33 4,571 (223,878) 2003 9,987 3,458 6,968 87,486 11,057 10,338 8.28 28.12 4,293.5 2,038.0 2,773 16,627 6,203 25,603 29.77 25,856 103 103 187,884 » 100.0 187,884 8.12 5,283 (282,793) 2005 10,426 3,458 6,968 91,332 11,057 10,338 9.10 32.51 4,869.6 2,311.5 3,048 20,515 7,182 30,745 34.14 27,431 116 116 187,884 100.0 187,884 32.51 6,108 (354,157) 9T-9 ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM: PROJECTED LOAD (kW) CAPACITY: COAL (KW) OIL (KW) PRODUCTION (000 KWH/YR) HEAT RATE (BTU/KWH): COAL OIL FUEL COST ($/MMBTU): COAL OIL O&M: COAL, 100% LOAD OIL, 100% LOAD COSTS: FUEL (COAL) FUEL (OIL) CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL ELECTRICITY COST (¢/KWH) DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM: LOAD (MMBTU/YR) FUEL (MMBTU/YR) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL DISTRIBUTED HEAT SYSTEM: ANNUAL LOAD (MMBTU/YR) EFFICIENCY FUEL (MMBTU/YR) FUEL COST ($/MMBTU) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL GRAND TOTAL COSTS CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW 1985 2,400 3,458 6,968 11,057 10,338 4.42 8.06 1,382.0 656.0 8,788 8,788 33,000 6,499 6,499 170,072 70.0 9.27 2,252 1,025.0 1,025 (16,312) ** ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL ** +s TECHNOLOGY: NOME CASE 15 SI GT/DH FULL/OIL se se OIL PRICE ASSUMPTION: MEDIUM +e AREER EEE EERE AEE EEE EEE EERE E EERE EEE EEE EEE EEE * UNLESS NOTED, AMOUNTS ARE THOUSANDS OF CURRENT $. * DATE: 09/19/85 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 2,596 2,808 3,037 3,285 3,552 3,842 3,458 3,458 3,458 3,458 3,458 3,458 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 22,741 24,598 26,604 28,777 31,116 33,656 11,057 11,057. 11,057 11,057 —-11,057 11,057 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 5.01 4.83 5.01 5.34 5.75 6.30 8.99 10.29 11.86 13.69 15.80 18.23 1,567.5 1,777.9 2,016.5 2,287.2 2,594.2 2,942.4 744.0 843.9 957.2 1,085.7 1,231.4 1,396.7 1,260 1,314 1,474 1,699 1,926 2,110 - - - - 135 634 1,177 1,444 1,771 2,173 2,611 3,019 2,437 2,758 3,245 3,872 4,672 5,763 12.65 13.00 13.85 14.98 16.43 18.43 35,010 37,142 39,405 41,804 44,349 47,051 134 152 172 195 221 251 134 152 172 195 221 251 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 242,960 242,960 242,960 242,960 242,960 242,960 10.34 11.83 13.64 15.74 18.17 20.96 2,512 2,874 3,314 3,824 4,415 5,092 2,512 2,874 3,314 3,824 4,415 5,092 5,083 5,784 6,731 7,891 9,308 11,106 (26,081) (37,244) (50,211) (65,386) 1999 4,156 3,458 6,968 36,407 11,057 10,338 6.89 21.06 3,337.4 1,584.2 2,308 1,331 3,496 7,135 20.80 49,916 285 285 170,072 70.0 242,960 24.22 5,884 2001 4,495 3,458 6,968 39,376 11,057 10,338 7.53 24.33 3,785.3 1,796.8 2,522 2,285 4,052 8,859 23.61 52,955 323 323 170,072 70.0 242,960 27.98 6,798 2003 4,862 3,458 6,968 42,591 11,057 10,338 8.28 28.12 4,293.5 2,038.0 2,773 3,575 4,704 11,052 26.98 56,179 367 367 170,072 ' 70.0 242,960 32.34 7,857 (83,252) (104,524) (129,974) (160,525) (197,344) 2005 5,259 3,458 6,968 46,069 11,057 10,338 9.10 32.51 4,869.6 2,311.5 3,048 5,302 5,467 13,817 30.94 59,601 416 416 170,072 70.0 242,960 37.39 9,084 (241,848) LT-9 ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM: PROJECTED LOAD (KW) CAPACITY: COAL (KW) OIL (KW) PRODUCTION (000 KWH/YR) HEAT RATE (BTU/KWH): COAL OIL FUEL COST ($/MMBTU): COAL OIL O&M: COAL, 100% LOAD OIL, 100% LOAD COSTS: FUEL (COAL) FUEL (OIL) CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL ELECTRICITY COST (¢/KWH) DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM: LOAD (MMBTU/YR) FUEL (MMBTU/YR) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL DISTRIBUTED HEAT SYSTEM: ANNUAL LOAD (MMBTU/YR) EFFICIENCY FUEL (MMBTU/YR) FUEL COST ($/MMBTU) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL GRAND TOTAL COSTS CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW 1985 6,035 3,458 6,968 11,057 10,338 4.42 8.06 1,382.0 656.0 8,788 8,788 1,344 1,344 > ** ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL ** ** TECHNOLOGY: NOME CASE 16 SI GT/ELEC/ELEC * ** OIL PRICE ASSUMPTION: MEDIUM ** EEE EEE EERE EERE EEE REE EEE EE EEE EEE EE EEE EEE EE EEE EEE EEE EE EE * UNLESS NOTED, AMOUNTS ARE THOUSANDS OF CURRENT $. * DATE: 09/19/85 1987 1989 1991 , 1993 1995 1997 6,527 7,060 7,636 8,260 8,933 9,662 3,458 3,458 3,458 3,458 3,458 3,458 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 57,177 61,846 66,891 72,358 78,253 84,639 11,057 11,057 11,057 11,057 11,057 11,057 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 5.01 4.83 5.01 5.34 8.75 6.30 8.99 10.29 11.86 13.69 15.80 18.23 1,567.5 1,777.9 2,016.5 2,287.2 2,594.2 2,942.4 744.0 843.9 957.2 1,085.7 1,231.4 1,396.7 1,678 1,618 1,678 1,789 1,926 2,110 2,499 3,357 4,487 5,953 7,834 10,242 1,895 2,214 2,590 3,035 3,562 4,186 6,072 7,189 8,755 10,777 13,322 16,538 11.39 12.33 13.74 15.50 17.59 20.06 8.99 10.29 11.86 13.69 15.80 18.23 6,072 7,189 8,755 10,777 13,322 (23,175) (36,910) (53,588) (74,073) (99,374) (130,752) 1999 10,426 3,458 6,968 1,332 11,057 10,338 6.89 21.06 3,337.4 1,584.2 2,308 13,290 4,921 20,519 22.95 (169,706) 2001 10,426 3,458 6,968 91,332 11,057 10,338 7.53 24.33 3,785.3 1,796.8 2,522 15,353 5,582 23,457 26.16 (215,096) 2003 10,426 3,458 6,968 91,332 11,057 10,338 8.28 28.12 4,293.5 2,038.0 2,773 17,745 6,331 26,849 29.88 (267,037) 2005 10,426 3,458 6,968 91,332 11,057 10,338 9.10 32.51 4,869.6 2,311.5 3,048 20,515 7,182 30,745 34.14 (326,507) 8T-9 ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM: PROJECTED LOAD (KW) CAPACITY: COAL (KW) OIL (KW) PRODUCTION (000 KWH/YR) HEAT RATE (BTU/KWH): COAL OIL FUEL COST ($/MMBTU): COAL OIL O&M: COAL, 100% LOAD OIL, 100% LOAD COSTS: FUEL (COAL) FUEL (OIL) CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL ELECTRICITY COST (¢/KWH) DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM: LOAD (MMBTU/YR) FUEL (MMBTU/YR) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL DISTRIBUTED HEAT SYSTEM: ANNUAL LOAD (MMBTU/YR) EFFICIENCY FUEL (MMBTU/YR) FUEL COST ($/MMBTU) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL GRAND TOTAL COSTS CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW 1985 2,400 2,158 6,968 15,215 10,338 4.42 8.06 1,364.0 656.0 7,621 7,621 33,000 332 235 235 170,072 70.0 9.27 2,252 1,025.0 1,025 (8,881) ** ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL ** ** TECHNOLOGY: NOME CASE 17 1 GT/OIL/OIL +* ** OIL PRICE ASSUMPTION: MEDIUM ‘* REE EEE EE EEE EERE EEE EEE REE EE EEE EEE EEE EERE EEE EEE EEE REE REE * UNLESS NOTED, AMOUNTS ARE THOUSANDS OF CURRENT $. * DATE: 10/08/85 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 2,596 2,808 3,037 3,285 3,552 3,842 2,158 2,158 2,158 2,158 2,158 2,158 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 22,741 24,598 26,604 28,777 31,116 33,656 15,215 15,215 15,215 15,215 15,215 15,215 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 5.01 4.83 5.01 5.34 5.75 6.30 8.99 10.29 11.86 13.69 15.80 18.23 1,547.0 1,754.8 1,990.2 2,257.4 2,560.4 2,904.1 744.0 843.9 957.2 1,085.7 1,231.4 1,396.7 1,441 1,389 1,441 1,536 1,654 1,812 357 606 944 1,397 1,995 2,780 1,594 1,834 2,111 2,433 2,806 3,242 3,392 3,829 4,496 5,366 6,455 7,834 16.59 17.12 18.33 19.97 21.97 24.41 35,010 37,142 39,405 41,804 44,349 47,051 43,763 46,428 49,256 52,255 55,436 58,814 393 478 584 715 876 1,072 3 4 4 5 6 6 396 482 588 720 882 1,078 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 242,960 242,960 242,960 242,960 242,960 242,960 10.34 11.83 13.64 15.74 18.17 20.96 2,512 2,874 3,314 3,824 4,415 5,092 2,512 2,874 3,314 3,824 4,415 5,092 6,300 7,185 8,398 9,910 11,752 14,004 (21,003) (34,861) (51,018) (70,047) (92,587) (119,414) (151,464) 1999 4,156 2,158 6,968 36,407 15,215 10,338 6.89 21.06 3,293.9 1,584.2 1,982 3,811 3,748 9,541 27.25 49,916 62,395 1,314 1,321 170,072 70.0 242,960 2001 4,495 2,158 6,968 39,376 15,215 10,338 7.53 24.33 3,736.0 1,796.8 2,166 5,149 4,339 11,654 30.56 52,955 66,194 1,611 1,619 170,072 70.0 242,960 (189,857) 2003 4,862 2,158 6,968 42,591 15,215 10,338 8.28 28.12 4,237.5 2,038.0 2,382 6,886 5,028 14,296 34.46 56,179 70,224 1,975 1,984 170,072 70.0 242,960 32.34 7,857 7,857 24,137 (235,995) 2005 5,259 2,158 6,968 46,069 15,215 10,338 9.10 32.51 4,806.2 2,311.5 2,617 9,130 5,835 17,582 38.99 59,601 74,501 2,422 cm 2,433 170,072 70.0 242,960 (291,583) 61-9 ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM: PROJECTED LOAD (KW) CAPACITY: COAL (KW) OIL (KW) PRODUCTION (000 KWH/YR) HEAT RATE (BTU/KWH): COAL OIL FUEL COST ($/MMBTU): COAL OIL O&M: COAL, 100% LOAD OIL, 100% LOAD COSTS: FUEL (COAL) FUEL (OIL) CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL ELECTRICITY COST (¢/KWH) DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM: LOAD (MMBTU/YR) FUEL (MMBTU/YR) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL DISTRIBUTED HEAT SYSTEM: ANNUAL LOAD (MMBTU/YR) EFFICIENCY FUEL (MMBTU/YR) FUEL COST ($/MMBTU) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL GRAND TOTAL COSTS CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW +* +* ** TECHNOLOGY: NOME CASE 18 OIL PRICE ASSUMPTION: MEDIUM ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL ** SI GT/DH FULL/ELEC ** * RRR RE EEE EEE EEE EEE EEE EEE EEE EEE EEE EE EEE EE EEE * UNLESS NOTED, AMOUNTS ARE THOUSANDS OF CURRENT $. 1985 4,930 3,458 6,968 11,057 10,338 4.42 8.06 1,382.0 656.0 8,788 8,788 33,000 6,499 6,499 170,072 100.0 8.06 1,371 1,486.0 1,486 (16,773) (29,460) 1987 5,332 3,458 6,968 46,708 11,057 10,338 5.01 8.99 1,567.5 744.0 1,678 1,526 1,767 4,971 11.58 35,010 134 134 170,072 100.0 170,072 8.99 1,529 DATE: 09/19/85 1989 5,768 3,458 6,968 50,528 11,057 10,338 4.83 10.29 1,777.9 843.9 1,618 2,153 2,058 5,829 12.41 37,142 152 152 170,072 100.0 170,072 10.29 1,750 750 7,731 (44,289) 1991 6,238 3,458 6,968 54,645 11,057 10,338 5.01 11.86 2,016.5 957.2 1,678 2,986 2,398 7,062 13.73 39,405 172 172 170,072 100.0 170,072 11.86 2,017 (61,985) (83,341) (109,272) (140,913) (179,645) 1993 6,747 3,458 6,968 59,104 11,057 10,338 5.34 13.69 2,287.2 1,085.7 1,789 4,078 2,799 8,666 15.41 41,804 195 195 170,072 100.0 170,072 13.69 2,328 1995 7,297 3,458 6,968 63,922 11,057 10,338 5.75 15.80 2,594.2 1,231.4 1,926 5,493 3,272 10,691 17.41 44,349 221 221 170,072 100.0 170,072 15.80 2,687 * 1997 7,893 3,458 6,968 69,143 11,057 10,338 6.30 18.23 2,942.4 1,396.7 2,110 7,322 3,831 13,263 19.82 47,051 251 251 170,072 100.0 170,072 18.23 3,100 1999 8,537 3,458 6,968 74,784 11,057 10,338 6.89 21.06 3,337.4 1,584.2 2,308 9,687 4,492 16,487 22.63 49,916 285 285 170,072 100.0 170,072 21.06 3,582 2001 9,234 3,458 6,968 80,890 11,057 10,338 7.53 24.33 3,785.3 1,796.8 2,522 12,727 5,274 20,523 25.91 52,955 323 323 170,072 100.0 170,072 24.33 4,138 (227,167) 2003 9,987 3,458 6,968 87,486 11,057 10,338 8.28 28.12 4,293.5 2,038.0 2,773 16,627 6,203 25,603 29.77 56,179 367 367 170,072 » 100.0 170,072 28.12 4,782 (285,627) 2005 10,426 3,458 6,968 91,332 11,057 10,338 9.10 32.51 4,869.6 2,311.5 3,048 20,515 7,182 30,745 34.14 59,601 416 416 170,072 100.0 170,072 32.51 5,529 (356,454) 07-9 ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM: PROJECTED LOAD (KW) CAPACITY: COAL (KW) OIL (kW) PRODUCTION (000 KWH/YR) HEAT RATE (BTU/KWH): COAL OIL FUEL COST ($/MMBTU): COAL OIL O&M: COAL, 100% LOAD OIL, 100% LOAD COSTS: FUEL (COAL) FUEL (OIL) CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL ELECTRICITY COST (¢/KWH) DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM: LOAD (MMBTU/YR) FUEL (MMBTU/YR) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL DISTRIBUTED HEAT SYSTEM: ANNUAL LOAD (MMBTU/YR) EFFICIENCY FUEL (MMBTU/YR) FUEL COST ($/MMBTU) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL GRAND TOTAL COSTS CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW 1985 2,400 3,458 6,968 11,057 10,338 4.42 8.06 1,382.0 656.0 8,788 8,788 33,000 332 235 235 170,072 79.0 4.42 952 3,169.0 3,169 (12,192 ** ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL ** ** TECHNOLOGY: NOME CASE 19 SI GT/OIL/COAL +e se OIL PRICE ASSUMPTION: MEDIUM +? AA RRR HE ERE EOE EE EE EEE * UNLESS NOTED, AMOUNTS ARE THOUSANDS OF CURRENT $. * DATE: 10/08/85 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 2,596 2,808 3,037 3,285 3,552 3,842 3,458 3,458 3,458 3,458 3,458 3,458 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 22,741 24,598 26,604 28,777 31,116 33,656 1,057 11,057 11,057 11,057 11,057 11,057 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 5.01 4.83 5.01 5.34 5.75 6.30 8.99 10.29 11.86 13.69 15.80 18.23 1,567.5 1,777.9 2,016.5 2,287.2 2,594.2 2,942.4 744.0 843.9 957.2 1,085.7 1,231.4 1,396.7 1,260 1,314 1,474 1,699 1,926 2,110 - - = - 135 634 1,177 1,444 1,771 2,173 2,611 3,019 2,437 2,758 3,245 3,872 4,672 5,763 12.65 13.00 13.85 14.98 16.43 18.43 35,010 37,142 39,405 41,804 44,349 47,051 43,763 46,428 49,256 52,255 55,436 58,814 393 478 584 715 876 1,072 3 4 4 5 6 6 396 482 588 720 882 1,078 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 79.0 79.0 79.0 79.0 79.0 79.0 215,281 215,281 215,281 215,281 215,281 215,281 5.01 4.83 5.01 5.34 5.75 6.30 1,079 1,040 1,079 1,150 1,238 1,356 1,079 1,040 1,079 1,150 1,238 1,356 3,912 4,280 4,912 5,742 6,792 8,197 ) (19,676) (27,988) (37,477) (48,521) (6 1999 4,156 3,458 6,968 36,407 11,057 10,338 6.89 21.06 3,337.4 1,584.2 2,308 1,331 3,496 7,135 20.80 49,916 62,395 1,314 1,321 170,072 79.0 215,281 6.89 1,483 2001 4,495 3,458 6,968 39,376 11,057 10,338 7.53 24.33 3,785.3 1,796.8 2,522 2,285 4,052 8,859 23.61 52,955 6,194 1,611 1,619 170,072 79.0 215,281 7.53 1,621 1,546) (77,207) (96,158) (119,215) 2003 4,862 3,458 6,968 42,591 11,057 10,338 8.28 28.12 4,293.5 2,038.0 2,773 3,575. 4,704 11,052 26.98 6,179 70,224 1,975 1,984 170,072 79.0 215,281 8.28 1,783 2005 5,259 3,458 6,968 46,069 11,057 10,338 9.10 32.51 4,869.6 2,311.5 3,048 5,302 5,467 13,817 30.94 59,601 74,501 2,422 W 2,433 170,072 79.0 215,281 9.10 1,959 (147,420) (182,047) ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM: PROJECTED LOAD (KW) CAPACITY: COAL (KW) OIL (KW) PRODUCTION (000 KWH/YR) HEAT RATE (BTU/KWH): COAL OIL FUEL COST ($/MMBTU): COAL OIL O&M: COAL, 100% LOAD OIL, 100% LOAD ? COSTS: FUEL (COAL) N FUEL (OIL) e CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL ELECTRICITY COST (¢/KWH) DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM: LOAD (MMBTU/YR) FUEL (MMBTU/YR) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL DISTRIBUTED HEAT SYSTEM: ANNUAL LOAD (MMBTU/YR) EFFICIENCY FUEL (MMBTU/YR) FUEL COST ($/MMBTU) COSTS: FUEL CAPITAL & O&M TOTAL GRAND TOTAL COSTS CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW 1985 2,400 3,458 6,968 11,057 10,338 4.42 8.06 1,382.0 656.0 8,788 8,788 33,000 185 550 550 170,072 79.0 4.42 952 3,169.0 3,169 (12,507 ** ** ALASKAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MODEL ** TECHNOLOGY: NOME CASE 20 SIGT/COAL/COAL +e se OIL PRICE ASSUMPTION: MEDIUM +? RRR ERE E EERE REE R EEE EERE EEE EERE EE EEE * UNLESS NOTED, AMOUNTS ARE THOUSANDS OF CURRENT $. * DATE: 10/03/85 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 2,596 2,808 3,037 3,285 3,552 3,842 3,458 3,458 3,458 3,458 3,458 3,458 6,968 6,968 6,968. 6,968 6,968 6,968 22,741 24,598 26,604 28,777 1,116 33,656 ‘41,057 1,057 11,057 11,057 11,057 11,057 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 5.01 4.83 5.01 5.34 5.75 6.30 8.99 10.29 11.86 13.69 15.80 18.23 1,567.5 1,777.9 2,016.5 2,287.2 2,594.2 2,942.4 744.0 843.9 957.2 1,085.7 1,231.4 1,396.7 1,260 1,314 1,474 1,699 1,926 2,110 7 = = - 135 634 1,177 1,444 1,771 2,173 2,611 3,019 2,437 2,758 3,245 3,872 4,672 5,763 12.65 13.00 13.85 14.98 16.43 18.43 35,010 7,142 39,405 41,804 44,349 47,051 44,316 47,015 49,880 52,916 56,138 59,558 222 227 250 283 323 375 136 154 175 199 225 255 358 381 425 482 548 630 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 79.0 79.0 79.0 79.0 79.0 79.0 215,281 215,281 215,281 215,281 215,281 215,281 5.01 4.83 5.01 5.34 5.75 6.30 1,079 1,040 1,079 1,150 1,238 1,356 1,079 1,040 1,079 1,150 238 1,356 ) (19,921) (28,062) (37,258) (47,863) (60,272) (75,100) 1999 2001 2003 2005 4,156 4,495 4,862 5,259 3,458 3,458 3,458 3,458 6,968 6,968 6,968 6,968 36,407 39,376 42,591 46,069 11,057 11,057 11,057 11,057 10,338 10,338 10,338 10,338 6.89 7.53 8.28 9.10 21.06 24.33 28.12 32.51 3,337.4 3,785.3 4,293.5 4,869.6 1,584.2 1,796.8 2,038.0 2,311.5 2,308 2,522 2,773 3,048 1,331 2,285 3,575 5,302 3,496 4,052 4,704 5,467 7,135 8,859 11,052 13,817 20.80 23.61 26.98 30.94 49,916 52,955 56,179 59,601 63,185 67,032 1,113 75,444 435 505 589 687 290 329 373 423 725 834 962 1,110 170,072 170,072 170,072 170,072 79.0 79.0 79.0 79.0 215,281 215,281 215,281 215,281 6.89 7.53 8.28 9.10 1,483 1,621 1,783 1,959 483 1,621 1,783 1,959 9,343 11,314 13,797 16,886 (92,936) (114,524) (140,810) (172,950) APPENDIX H KIVALINA - COAL POWER PLANT EQUIPMENT COSTING The coal-fired electrical power generating plant selected for Kivalina utilizes an externally fired Kawaski SIA-02 gas turbine-generator set having design features and performance as specified in Table H-1l. The cost of the power plant equipment was estimated based on the plant and equipment performance power plant layout described in Section 6.1.3 of this report. Estimates of the installation cost were based on: * Building costs at $180/£t2 (basic building) * Shipping cost $0.40/1b * Labor cost per: - Laborers and Mechanics Minimum Rate of Pay State of Alaska, Department of Labor AS 36.05.010 and AS36.05.030 $100/day camp cost per man during installation Contractor markup fee of 21% on all equipment and labor. Table H-2 presents the breakdown cost schedule of the 180-kW air cycle power plant for Kivalina. The operating and maintenance cost for the power plant is $481,000/yr, includ- ing labor for the staffing schedule presented in Section 6.1.3 and maintenance expenditures consistent with the operation of equipment in rural Alaska. Table H-1 Specifications for Kivalina Brayton Cycle Manufacturing: Kawasaki Model: SIA-02 Type: Industrial, Simple Open Cycle, Single Shaft Compressor: 2 Stage Radial Combustor: Single, Can Convert to External Firing Turbine: 2 Stage Axial Rotor Speed: 53,000 rpm Compressor Pressure Ratio: 9 Gearbox Type: Parallel Shaft Output rpm: 1800 or 3600 Turbine Bearings: Ball Gearbox Bearings: Ball Governor: Woodward 2301 (Speed Control and Load Sharing) Starter: 24 V de Weight: 5515 1b Length: 102 in. Width: 47 in. Height: 67 in. Generator: Type: Three Phase, Open Screen-Protected, Brushless, Self-Ventilated, Synchronous Rating (kVA): 225 No. of Poles 4 Efficiency 95% Frequency Drift +0.3% Turbine Cooling Air Cooled Lube 0il Cooler Air Cooled Voltage Regulation (at 0.8 PF) £1.52 Frequency Deviation (Resistive Load) +4% Droop 3 + 0.5% Load Application Capability 100% Resistive Load (Instantaneous) Generator Excitation System Brushless by ac Exciter and Rotating Silicon Rectifier Disc Gas turbine engine and generator mounted on a rigid structural steel common bed A prefabricated steel, sound-attenuating enclosure including inlet air silencer Electric starter system including battery panel and batteries Exhaust silencer Turbine and generator control panel including turbine generator control, generator protection, and output switchgear. II. III. IV. Kivalina 180-kWe Air Cycle Cost Breakdown ($ x Category Power Generating * Generator Pkg. * Gas/Air Heat Exchanger * Piping and Controls Coal Firing and Emissions * Bin and Metering * Stoker and Furnace °* Fans, Ducts, and Stack * Baghouse Coal and Ash Handling * Yard Equipment * Grizzly/Conveyor * Silo Plant * Buildings * Plant Control * Plant Mechanical * Plant Electrical Subtotal Contractor TOTAL Table H-2 Equipment 425 299 67 661 126 Shipping 9 58 12 1000) Installation 51 103 40 Totals 485 460 119 APPENDIX J NOME - COAL POWER PLANT EQUIPMENT COSTING Two coal-fired power plant conceptual designs were evaluated and costed for the community of Nome: the steam Rankine cycle with equipment performance and plant layout as described in Section 6.2.3.1; and the steam-injected Brayton cycle with equipment performance and plant layout as described in Section 6.2.3.2. The steam Rankine cycle power plant design is based on the use of a Terry multistage axial steam turbine with the design features specified in Table J-l. The steam-injected Brayton cycle power plant design is based on the use of an Allison externally fired, 501KG gas turbine-generator set, as specified in Table J-2. Estimates of installation cost were based on: Building costs (basic structure) $160/£t2 Shipping $0.40/1b * Labor cost per: Labors and Mechanics Minimum Rate of Pay State of Alaska, Department of Labor AS 36.05.010 and AS 36.05.030 Contractor markup and fee of 21% on all equipment and labor. ° Table J-3 and J-4 present the cost breakdown schedules for the steam Rankine cycle power plant and the steam-injected Brayton cycle power plant, respec- tively. Estimates of the operating and maintenance (O&M) expenses for each power plant concept were based on the plant staffing schedules presented in Section 6.0 of this report utilizing labor rates from Title 36, State of Alaska, Labors and Mechanics Minimum Rate of Pay. Tables J-5 and J-6 present the O&M estimates, respectively, for the steam Rankine cycle and steam-injected Brayton cycle power generating plants. J-2 Table J-1 Specifications for Nome Steam Rankine Cycle Turbine Multi-stage, condensing, axial flow, steam turbine with the following features: * Extraction port with valve to provide heat to the district heating system Trip and throttle valve on the inlet Separate lube oil system Gauge board Unbalance response analysis Torsional critical speed analysis Axial vibration probe on turbine thrust bearing RTDs in lube oil drain lines DC motor and pump for lube oil emergency coast down system Provisions for generator field ground fault detection Structural steel baseplate under turbine, gear, and generator Gearbox per API 613 second edition "y" type steam strainer on turbine inlet Redundant trip systems High speed, disk type, spacer coupling with guard Low speed limited end float coupling Totally enclosed, fan cooled, brushless, synchronous generator Generator stator winding RTDs Generator space heaters Turbine construction - Built up rotor - Tilting pad journal bearing - Kingsbury thrust bearing - Centerline support - Labyrinth end glands - Automatic gland sealing systems - Sentinel warning valve - Insulation and lagging. Table J-2 Specification for Nome Steam-injected Brayton Cycle Type: Steam Injected, Single Shaft Compressor: 14 Stage Axial Turbine: 4 Stage Axial First Stage Air Cooled Compression Ratio: 9.3 to l Bearings: Five Main Antifriction Bearings (Grade 5 Aircraft) Rotor Speed: 13,820 rpm Turbine Inlet Temperature: 1800°F with Steam: 1850°F Maximum Steam Flow: 5.5 1Lb/sec Maximum Inlet Air Temperature: 130°F Oil Consumption: 1/3-gal/day Ambient Temperature Range: -40°F to 120°F Output Shaft Torque Limit: 37,700 1b/in. Time Between Overhaul: ¥30,000 hr * Turbine Blades Shrouded for greater efficiency Cast hollow and air cooled for increased life Stalk design for low retention stresses * Vanes Precision cast hollow and air cooled Air distribution controlled for optimum cooling Trailing edge protected by cooling exit air Horizontally split compressor case for ease of inspection/ maintenance Abradable compressor case lining and vane seals for improved effi- ciency Air cooled turbine components for improved efficiency and long life Corrosion-resistant materials and coatings for hostile industrial and marine environments No pre/post-lube required since lubrication system is simplified with rolling element bearings High horsepower-to-weight/volume ratio Electronic control system Labyrinth air and oil seals Modular construction for ease of maintenance Bleed air for customer services. The single-shaft Allison 501-K industrial gas turbine is ideally suited for electric generating sets because of its inherent speed stability and resist- ance to frequency and voltage transients with load change. J-4 Weight: Length: Width: Height: Heat Exchanger Type: Tube Side Air Flow: Steam Flow: Inlet Temperature (Mixed): Inlet Pressure: Outlet Temperature (Mixed): Pressure Loss: Shell Side Flue Gas Flow: Inlet Temperature: Outlet Temperature: Pressure Loss: Construction: Materials: Approximate Dimensions: Table J-2 Continued J-5 1285 1b 90 in. 33.24 in. 31.15 in. Cross-flow, counter-flow, all tubular type heat exchanger with pendant tube design 34.2 1Lb/sec 4.6 1b/sec 597°F 155.8 psia 1500°F 4.2 psi 43.3 1b/sec 1625°F 738°F 4 in. WC Four bundles, externally manifolded together to operate in series Incoloy 800 H 304 stainless steel 19 ft long 10 ft wide 13 ft high Table J-3 Nome Steam Rankine Cycle Cost Breakdown ($ x 1000) Category I. II. III. IV. Vv. Power Generating Equipment o Steam Turbine Generator o Aux. Subsystems -Air-Cooled Condenser -Mechanical Deaerator Pumps Valves & Piping -Water Treatment Coal Combustion Emission Control o Day Bins, Metering o Boiler o Baghouse o Duct Work & Piping Coal and Ash Storage, Processing & Handling Plant o Buildings o Plant Control o Plant Utilities - Mechanical - Electrical Subtotal Contractor TOTAL Installation Equipment Shipping and Labor Totals 1050 75 280 1405 430 218 357 1005 1800 312 650 2762 530 22 341 893 1273 1273 555 74 443 1072 5638 701 2071 410 1184 435 1619 $10,029 Table J-4 Nome Steam-injected Air Cycle Cost Breakdown ($ x 1000) Installation Category Equipment Shipping and Labor Totals I. Power Generating 2519 72 170 Equipment o 501/Generator Package -Gas to Air Heat Exchanger -Piping and Controls o Steam Boiler 282 86 94 -Pumps & Piping -Water Treatment -Deaerator and Trim II. Coal Firing & 1031 127 246 Emission o Bin & Metering o Stoker & Furnace o Fans, Ducting, Stack o Baghouse III. Coal and Ash 464 15 251 o Yard Equipment o Grizzly o Coal Conveyors o Ash Conveyors o Ash Silos IV. Plant o Building & Structure 1404 Plant Control o Plant Utilities 340 65 160 -Mechanical Electrical ° Subtotal 6040 65 21 V. Contractor 1268 194 TOTAL 2761 462 1404 730 1404 565 Table J-5 O&M Estimate - Nome Steam Rankine Cycle hr/yr $/yr Labor - Operators 17,472 $529,401 - Coal Processing 4,160 114,400 - Maintenance 12,480 399,734 - Helper 8,736 211,848 TOTAL $1,255,383 Maintenance - Building (at 2% of cost) $ 25,000 Includes Lights, Heat, etc. - Equipment (at 5% of cost) $ 218,000 Includes Repair, Factory Drive Spares, Inspection - Expenses (Plant Operators) -Filter 10,000 -Lubricant 40,000 -Baghouse 25,000 -Water Teatment 80,000 -Fuel Oil (Loads) 25,000 TOTAL $ 180,000 GRAND TOTAL $1,678,000 J-8 Table J-6 O&M Estimate - Nome Steam-injected Brayton Cycle hr/yr o Labor - Operation 17,472 - Coal Processing 4,160 - Maintenance 8,320 TOTAL o Maintenance - Building (at 2% of cost) Includes Lights, Heat, etc. - Equipment (at 4% of cost) Includes Repair, Factory Service, Spare Parts, etc. - Plant Expenses (Operation) -Lubricants -Filters -Water Treatment, Chemicals -Fuel Oil (Loads) -Baghouse TOTAL GRAND TOTAL J-9 $529,000 114,400 226,500 20,000 7,000 180,000 25,000 25,000 $/yr $ 869,900 $ 28,000 $ 185,000 $ 257,000 $1,339,900 APPENDIX K DISTRICT HEATING EQUIPMENT COSTS Evaluation of existing heating systems in buildings identified as candidates for district heating from a coal-fired power plant as well as the cost esti- mate for each of the different district heating schemes described in this report was performed by EKONO Inc., Bellevue, Washington, under subcontract to MTI. Following the initial evaluation, a conceptual design and costing analysis was undertaken for the most attractive systems in both Nome and Kivalina. These systems are described in Section 6.1.3.2 for Kivalina and Section 6.2.3.3 for both the Nome Baseline System (including Elementary School and Norton Sound Hospital) and the Nome Extended Baseline System (including Elementary School, Norton Sound Hospital, and Beltz High School). Capital costs were estimated for both the utility as heat seller and for the client as building owner. The estimated capital costs for the referred network alternatives, expressed in July 1985 dollars, are presented in Table K-l. End prices are calculated from the Anchorage-based price using factors 1.25 for Nome and 1.50 for Kivalina. Only additional costs needed to modify the power cycle for heat production are considered. Base gas turbine- boiler plant costs are assumed to be covered by power production. The annual maintenance and repair cost of the district heating system is esti- mated to total (including labor) 1.5% of the investment cost. They are summa- rized below: * Nome Baseline System: $ 7,000 * Nome Extended System: $92,000 * Kivalina: $ 2,000 The annual average pumping demand and cost are as follows (based on electric- ity prices $0.15/kWh in Nome and $0.18/kWh in Kivalina): * Nome Baseline System: 9 hp 58,800 kWh/yr $8,800/yr * Nome Extended System: 16 + 10 hp 169,800 kWh/yr $25,500/yr * Kivalina: 1/3 hp 2,200 kWh/yr $400/yr Table K-1 Investment Required in District Heating System ($ July 1985) Utility: Heat production equipment Recovery boiler modifications Extraction turbine modifications* Back-up boilers complete Heat production cost District Heating Network Pumping station (including building) Transmission pipeline Distribution pipelines Building branch pipelines Metering Centers Network Cost Consumers: Heat distribution modifications Subcentrals and boiler modifications Building modification cost Nome Baseline System $120,000 ( ) (100,000) $120,000 $ 15,000 140,000 260,000 45,000 3,000 $463,000 $ 20,000 140,000 $160,000 Nome Extended System $150,000 ( ) (150,000) $150,000 $ 34,000 5,720,000 260,000 60,000 5,000 $6,079,000 $ 20,000 250,000 $270,000 Kivalina School System $40,000 Existing $40,000 76,000 (2,000) $76,000 $ -- 20,000 $20,000 *A heat production alternative, which replaced recovery boiler modifications. APPENDIX L BROCHURES OF INDIVIDUAL COAL UNITS The heat Losses from the network are estimated below. They do not result in any cost, since surplus heat energy is available. * Nome Baseline System: 3% (e.g, 450 x 10° Beu/hr) * Nome Extended System: 7% (e.g., 2300 x 10© Btu/hr) * Kivalina: 1.5% (e.g., 40x 10° Btu/hr) The summarized total annual operational costs for the district heating systems are as follows: * None Baseline System: $ 15,800/yr * Nome Extended System: $117,500/yr * Kivalina: $ 2,400/yr This appendix presents brochures on many of the coal units available commer- cially. Most of the units are manufactured in Europe. Four European manufac-— turers have United States distributors, all located in the northeast. Only one of the vendors has an authorized dealer in Alaska, the Danish firm HS TARM. Prices of the units are listed when available. Many additional units are manufactured in Europe, but the brochures provided by the manufacturers are not in English. Copies of these brochures are available at MTI. The United States distributors of European furnaces are: Efel North America 577 Main Street Hudson, MA 01749 Phone: 617-562-4401 Mr. Mike Smith Jotul - USA - Inc. P.O. Box 1157 Portland, ME 04104 Phone: 207-797-5912 Mr. Claesyflukkmpsson 400 Riverside Street Haas " Sohn Tremont Marketing Group Inc. Route 4 Woodstock, VT 05091 Phone: 802-457-3131 Mr. Robert McCredie Olsberger Huette Hoskin Diversified Industries 85 Mechanic Street Lebanon, NH 03766 Phone: 603-448-5065 TARM sime | STEEL-PLATE BOILERS ' CAST-IRON BOILERS AUTHORIZED HS TARM DISTRIBUTORS (Midwest and West) There are many HS TARM Dealers in your area. To find the Dealer most convenient for you, please contact one of the following Distributors: * = Stocking Distributors OHIO Mesopotamia OH L & N Heating Co., Inc., 4606 Kinsman Rd., 44439 (216) 693-4347 Cincinnati OH F.E. Winstel Company, 3129 Spring Grove, 45225 (513) 542-3456 MICHIGAN Alpena MI R.A. Townsend Company, 1100 Baglev St., 49707 (517) 354-3105 Warren MI H.L. Claeys & Co., 31239 Mound Rd., 48090 (313) 264-2561 INDIANA Alpena MI R.A. Townsend Company, 1100 Bagley St., 49707 (517) 356-4400 Mesopotamia OH L & N Heating Co., Inc., 4606 Kinsman Rd., 44439 (216) 693-4347 Cincinnati OH F.E. Winstel Company, 3129 Spring Grove, 45225 (513) 542-3456 ILLINOIS Mt. Vernon IL Benoist Bros. Supply, 16th & Main St., 62864 (618) 242-0344 MISSOURI . Owensville MO Glen Bell Co., Route 1, Box 57, 65066 (314) 437-3509 Blue Springs MO Lockyer Energy Systems, 409-B S. 7 Hwy, 64015 (816) 229-0248 MINNESOTA St. Cloud MN Bartley Supply Company, 240 North Hwy 10, 56302 (612) 251-2233 Brainard MN Bartley Supply Company, 924 Wright St, 56401 (218) 829-1771 WISCONSIN St. Cloud MN Bartley Supply Company, North Hwy 10, 56302 (612) 251-2233 Appleton wi W.S. Patterson Co., 2100 W. College, 54912 (414) 739-3136 Wausau wr Heating Design & Supply, 1207 Starling Dr., 54401 (715) 359-6191 Eau Claire wi W.H. Hobbs Supply Co., 100 Carson Park Dr., 54701 (715) 835-5151 IOWA Iowa City IA Ralston Creek Stove & Tool, Benton St., 52240 (319) 351-2189 Des Moines IA Ralston Creek Stove & Tool, 7420 University, 50035 (515) 255-5550 MONTANA Helena MT North Country Chimney Sweeps, 736 Ninth Ave., 59601 (406) 443-2547 ALASKA - Fairbanks AK Heat, Inc., 1115 Phillips Rd., 99701 (907) 452-2880 If your State is not listed above, Please contact HS TARM at (800) 628-9327. TEKTON CORPORATION * ROUTE 116, CONWAY, MASSACHUSETTS 01341 ° (413) 3698-4367 L INVEA 1U MIANUFACIURERS 3RITISH COAL FURNACE NOTE: Enquiries with Regard to any of the appliances included in the foregoing ( MANU F, ACT! URE RS List shou/d be made to local appliance astributers and notto manufacturers. A Aga-Rayburn P.O. Box 30, Ketley. Telford. Shropshire TF1 18R 0952 51177 Archer Woodnutt Ltd Pit Lane, Talke Pits. Stoke-on-Trent. Staffs ST7 1UH 078 16 6885 Baxi Heating P.O. Box 52, Bamber Bridge Preston PRS6SN 0772 36201 Bell, A., & Co. Ltd. Kingsthorpe. Northampton NN2 6LT 2 c Castlereagh S.M. and Engineering Co. Ltd. Altona Road, Lisburn, Co. Antrim, Northern Ireland BT27 5QD 08462 6211 0604 712505 Chamberlin & Hill PLC Chuckery Foundry. Chuckery Road. Walsall, West Midlands WS1 2DU 0922 31411 Chelsea Fires Ltd Trinity House. Church Street, Paddock Wood. Tonbridge, Kent TN12 6EX 089 283 6241 The Coalbrookdale Company P.O. Box 30, Ketley. Telford. Shropshire TF1 1BR :° 0952 51177 Davies Developments Welfare Building, High Street. Abersychan. Pontypool, Gwent NP4 7AB 7 04955 4339 Ounsley Heating Appliances Co. Ltd. Fearnought. Huddersfieic Road, Hoimfirth, Nr. Huddersfield, Yorks HD7 2TU 0484 682635 Godin Fonderies ¢/o Morley Marketing, Victoria Maltings, Broadmeads, Ware. Herts SG12 9HS 0920 68001 Grahamston tron Company P.O. Box 5, Gowan Avenue. Falkirk, Stirlingshire FK2 7HH 0324 22661 ' Grant Engineering Ltd” ¢/o Grahamston Iron Co. (see above) 7 H * Hartley & Sugden Atlas Boiler Works, Gibbet Street. Halifax. West Yorkshire HX1 408 0422 55651 Hunter & Son (Melis) Ltd. Melis, Frome. Somerset BA11 3PA 0373 812545 Interoven Ltd. 70/72 Fearnley Street. Watford. Herts WO1 7DE 092 46761 J Jetmaster Fires Ltd Winnai Manor Road. Wirra. Winchester Hampsr're S023 BL! 0962 51641 Jones & Campbell Ltd. Torwoed Foundry. Larber:. Suriingstire FKS 4Py 0324 56 2114 K Kingsley Patent Fire Co. Ltd. Century Street, Hanley. Stoke-on-Trent ST1 SHT 0782 262941 or 22242 Multiheat Products ¢/o Kedddy Home Improvements Ltd, 198 High Street, Egham, Surrey TW20 9ED 0784 37357/8 Norcem UK Ltd. Old Bath Road, Charvil, Reading RG10 9QJ ° Ocees Components and Structures Ltd. 2 Basil Street, Sloane Street, London SW3 1AA 01-225 0777 0734 340 223 O'Donovan Enterprises Ltd. ¢/o Dia-Norm UK Ltd, Unit 105. Hartiebury Trading Estate. Nr. Kidderminster, Worcestershire DY10 4JB 0299 250108 Ouzledale Foundry Co. Ltd. Long Ing Barnoldswick, Coline, Lancs BB6 6BN 0282 813235 P Philip Spencer Stoves Ltd. Cherrycourt Way, Leighton Buzzard. Bedfordshire LU7 BUH : 0525 375048 Redcar Boilers and Tanks Ltd. Redcar Road. Marske, Redcar, Cleveland TS11 6EX 0642 488411 s Smellie, James Ltd. Stafford Street, Dudley. West Midlands DY1 2AD 0384 52320 Smith & Wellstood Esse (1984) Ltd. Bonnybridge. Stirlingshire FK4 2AP. 032 481 2171 Societe Generale de Fonderie c/o Colin Brownlow & Co., 13 Station Road. Egham. Surrey TW20 SHE 0784 33595 Stelrad Group Ltd. P.O. Box 103, National Avenue, Hull HUS 4UN 0482 492251 T Taylor & Portway Ltd. Rosemary Lane. Halstead. Essex CO9 1HR 0787 472551/472960 Thorn EMI Heating Ltd. Eastern Avenue. Team Valley. Gateshead, Tyne & Wear NE11 OPG 091487 2211 T.l. Parkray Ltd. Park Foundry. Derby Road, Belper. Derby DES 1WE 077382 3741 Trianco Redfyre Ltd. Thornclitfe. Chapeltown, Sheffield S30 4PZ U 074 2 46 1221 Unidare Engineering Ltd. Unicare Works. Seagoe. Portadowr. Co. Armagh. Northern lreland BT63 SHU 0762 333131 British coat Furvace INDEX TO MANUFACTURERS MANUFACTURERS - Cont NOTE: Enquiries with Regard to any of the appliances included in the toregoing List should be made to local appliance distributors and not to manufacturers. w Warmback Ltd. Manor Works. Short Road. Leytonstone, London E11 4RH 01-556 9134 Waterford Foundry Ltd. c/o Calfire (Chirk) Ltd. Unit 1, Acorn industrial Estate, Holyhead Road, Chirk, Clwyd LL14 SNA 0691 772153 c/o Stanley Cookers (N.|.) Ltd. 52 Bush Road. Dungannon, 7 Co. Tyrone, Northern Ireland. 08687 22195 Wells, A.J., & Sons Westminster Lane. Newport, Isle of Wight PO30 SDP. 0983 527552 Worcester Engineering Co. Ltd. Navigation Road, Diglis, Worcester WRS 3DG 0905 356224 BELGIEN FURNACE AND BOILER MANUFACTURERS FURNACES FONDERIES DU LION - EFEL SA B-6373 COUVINs BELGIA’ TEL: INT " 32-6@-311.453 TLX: 51 052 FINEFL B SALES MANAGER: MR. BASTIEN ELECTROLUX-MARTIN SA (NESTOR MARTIN) RUE NESTOR MARTIN 315 B-1080 BRUSSELS TEL: INT" 32-2-466.00.00 TLX: 22 996 MARTIN B . EXPORT MANAGER: T. CLEEMPUT EXPORT TO EUROPE AND USA DOVRE NV NIJVERHEIDSSTRAAT 18 B-2398@ RAVELS INT" 32-14-656-268 / 656-566 / 657-161 TLX: 71681 SALES MANAGER: Me -MAEX Export to Europe and USA Subsidiary: DOVRE INCes AURORA (ILLINOIS) _ BOILERS SAINT ROCH COUVIN SA RUE DE LA GARE 34 B-6400 COUVIN Tel: INT “ 32-60-345-651 TLX: S1 293 STROCH EXPORT MANAGER: Ae VAN UYTVEN Export to France AeCeVe INTERNATIONAL NV- KERKPLEIN 39 B-1619 SINT-PIETERS -LEEUW Tel: INT" 32-2-376-11.235 TLX: 25 265 ACV B DIRECTOR: Le BUCHET Export to Europe and USA BELGIEN FURNACE AND BOILER MANUFACTURERS, Continued FURNACES AND BOILERS EFRA PVBA B-9620 ZOTTEGEM Tel: INT" 32-91-60.06.81 HENDRICKX RADIATOREN HENRAD NV B-2418 HERENTALS Tel: INT" 32-14-212.075 Export to Europe LES POELERIES MODERNES Je QUENON SA B-7260 COLFONTAINE Tel: INT" 32-65-671-934 / 672.3798 Export to Europe CLAYES ALIDOR PVBA B-8216 ZEDELGEM Tel: INT’ 32-50-209.994 Export to EC-countries VFM NV = FLAM B-3808 SINT-TRUIDEN Tel: INT" 32-11-662.338 TLX3 39 964 VFFLAM B Export DUO-MATIC bines the convenience ndathe economyor This side burns burns wood gas or & coal oil Blower Section assembles on Right or. Left Hand Side of Heat Exchanger. Heavy Duty welded construction 7" diameter Flue Pipe Regular size spun glass : . Fire Brick—Solid fuel Disposable Filters. side lined with 2%" thick heavy duty Fire Brick rated for up to 3000°F. Cast Iron Grates— Heavy duty Cast Iron Grates can be used for wood or coal burning application. Shaker handle included. Flame Retention Head Oil Burner with burner mounted oil safety relay iber Ceramic Chamber in regular fuel section for greater efficiency @ Quality built to last. Certified byC.SA. Ash Pit Door—Easy access to convenient removable ash pan. High capacity Twin Blower. Ryo ‘ees __ tanaquanee CWO ° B —The combination coal-wood-gas & oil forced air furnace which can pay for itself. DUO-MATIC MULTI -FUEL FURNACES Features: * Dual combustion chambers Dual thermostatic controls « Quiet, The Largest Selling Multi-Fuel dependable operation © Your choice of fuels ¢ Money SAVINGS! Furnace in North America. a ee DUO-MATIC Burns wood and coal, gas or oil. Dimensions CWO-B SERIES Furnace Specifications A =Depth 481,” B =Width 4414” C .=Blower Section Height 451,” D+F=Hot Air Plenum 24 x 4674” E+F=Cold Air Plenum 161% x 4614” G_ =Blower Section Width 1814" _H_ =Furnace Section Width 26” | =Furnace Section Height 511," J =Flue Pipe Dia. 7” K__ =Flue Pipe to Centre Furnace Section 13” L__=Flue Pipe to Centre From Floor 3534" REAR VIEW Specifications MODEL CWO-B 112 CWO-B 140 BTU Bonnet 112,000 123,000 134,000 140,000 151,000 Nozzle 1.00 - 80 1.10 - 80 1.20-70 1.25-70 1.35-70 Comb. Chamber 2FA 2FA 2FA 2FA 2FA Air Filters 2-16x 24 2-16x24 2-16x24 2-16 x24 2-16x 24 Ex. Static .20 .20 .20 .20 .20 Blower CFM 1,200 1,320 1,440 1,500 1,625 Blower Make DELHI LAU___ DELHI LAU DELHI LAU OELHI LAU _ DELHI LAU Motor Pulley 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% Tums Open 1 1 % % 0 0 Blower Pulley 8 8 8 8 8 8 Motor H.P. % % % % % % Blower Size G9-2 2A9-9AC GS-2 2A9-9AC| GO-2 2A9-9AC G9-2 2A9-9AC G9-2 2A9-9AC : twin twin twin twin twin twin twin twin twin twin Shipping Weight 370 970 970 970 970 SHIPPING INFORMATION: Your furnace is packed in 7 pieces. 1. Furnace heat exchanger, complete with fire and ash pit doors, ash pan, grate bars, burner mounting plate, fibre oil combustion chamber, panels including heat exchanger spacer panel, pokers, brick guard, brick shims and brick retainers. 2. Blower section (can be mounted left or right hand) complete with blower, miscellaneous parts bag, filters and centre panel for heat exchanger section. 3. (a) Burner with flame retention head and oil combustion safety control. (b) Field wiring junction box with transformer, solid fuel relay, blower wiring harness, burner cable and fan limit control with support. (c) Belt and pulleys. (d) Solid fuel damper motor. (e) Thermostats for solid fuel and oil. (f) Smoke baffle tool. (g) Blower motor. (h) Draft regulator. (i) Shaker handle. : 4, 5 and 6. Three cartons containing a total of 30 firebricks. *U.S. shipments are made up of 7 pieces. The burner with primary relay, blower motor, belt and pulleys are packed in a separate carton. SPECIFICATIONS AND DIMENSIONS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. q2lsen Inc. Duo-Matic/Olsen, Inc. 2510 Bond Street Make: Description: Range: Fuel: Distribution System: Advantages: Disadvantages: Prices: CWO-B Automatic multi-fuel furnace. 112,000 - 151,000 sBTU/h, when operated on oil Coal, wood and gas or oil. Forced air. Dual combustion chambers with dual thermostatic controls. Complete system, i.e. for new construction, primarily. No built-in hot water capacity Retail, Anchorage $2,800 Freight, Anchorage-Wainwright $ 700 Installation $1 ,500-2,500 ” Total $5,000-6,000 MAMI DIY Furnace JUY/ L&E ) Blower fpr CcWF 499500 £06 ANC RAGE. {ops worrying about shortages ie and spiralling prices . .. install a | gio Malic coal and wood burning furnace. ng ’ = Burns either wood or coal, for convenience and economy. Heavy duty welded cor structior Regular size spun glass dispos- able filters. Secondary heat exchanger to - extract the maximum amour of hea Optional Blower Section assem- bles on right or left hand side of heat exchanger. Firedoor and combustion — 7" diameter flue pipe. chamber with the capaci- * ty to burn 18” logs. Fire Brick. Lined wi thick heavy duty Fire Bric. Optional high capacity rated for up to 3000° F. blower. Cast Iron Grates—heavy du cast iron grates for wood coal burning application. Shaker handle included. G Quality built to last. Certified by | Ash pit door—easy ac- cess to convenient re- movable ash pan. MULTI -FUEL FURNACES CWF —Add on to your present warm air furnace, or install as a free-standing solid fuel furnace. . 7 = DUO-MATIC Even heat distribution * Automatic thermostat controls « The Largest Selling Multi-Fus! Furnace in North America. DUO- MATIC ; ; Burns wood or coal. Specifications and Dimensions for CWF Furnace Dimensions: A=Fumace section height 52%". ‘B=Blower section height 30%". C=Furnace section depth 33%". D x F=Hot air plenum 24% "w x 3141. . — section width FRONT VIEW TOP VIEW REAR VIEW oy oe section wicth < H x |=Cold air plenum’ Specifications: : <~ _ 19\"Ww x 18%". ; sae 5 J=Blower section depth 20” © Solid fuel combustion chamber: Fire brick lined _ Flue outlet: 7" ¢ Blower motor: % HP. K=Flue pipe dia. 7”. with cast iron grates. Size: 18° x 17" x 14" ‘» Blower: CFM-1000 e Slower: 9” wheel type. L=Flue pipe to center © Firing Door: 16%" x 13%". © Ex. Static: 20 « Air filter: 1 20" x 20”. furnace section 13%". Insulated Cabinet: Foil. faced mineral fibers. ¢ 8.T.U.: Estimated max. 120,000. M=Flue pipe to center : . e Shipping weight: Complete 625 Ibs. from floor 341%". Suggested Wood ADD-ON Duct Installation se ToO7 : pn ee re - RETURN 7 TO6 \ AIR CONVERT BLOWER MOTOR NOTE: Ona tumace ; * ip To % 4 providing 2 minimum ot ° ——— CWE Heat Exchanger. OIL. GASOR Optional blower available. ELECTRIC IMPORTANT: Check and install according to local (4h codes. a “McPHERSON FURN. & Ed. c . a 6721 Arctic Spur Ra. | . ' Anchorage, AK 99502 ii ean . AVAILABLE FROM i OUO-MATIC y - I ; c G2isen Inc. McPHERSON FURN. & EQ. CO, Duo-Matic/Olsen, Inc. = "Anchorage, Alaska .. 2510 Bond Street - (907) 274-7251 | Park Forest South, IL 60466 ; Make: Description: Range: Fuel: pistribution System: Advantages: Disadvantages: Prices: CWF Automatic solid-fuel add-on furnace 120,000 BTU. Coal and wood. Forced air. Add-on to existing forced-air furnace. Thermostatic control. No built-in hot water supply. Retail, Anchorage: $1,300 Freight, Anchorage-Wainwright $ 400 Installation $1 ,500-2.50 Total $3,600-4 ,20! gl IFILL MODELS 100 and 200 omnes HOPPER STOKERS PHONE 307—672-5801 DRAWERS SHERIDAN, WYOMING 82801 STOKER FIRING RING ‘O’ FI RE BIO MASS FUEL or STOKER COAL NO CLINKERS PMC burner head with rotating ring is the heart of the unit. The design controls combustion for more even heat production. Ash falls evenly off the outer edge of the ring, eliminating clinker build- up, as fresh fuel is pushed up through the center of the head. e PRILL’S UNIQUE BURNER HEAD DESIGN ALLOWS EVEN, CONTROLLED COMBUSTION. NO FIRE BRICK REQUIRED. e NO MORE MESSY CLINKER REMOVAL—PRILL’S BURNER HEAD DESIGN AND ROTATING RING PREVENTS CLINKER FORMATION. e LIGHT ONCE AND FORGET IT—HOLD FIRE TIMER ASSURES A LIVE BED OF COALS AND INSTANT HEAT WHEN NEEDED. e ENJOY THE WARMTH AND COMFORT OF COAL HEAT OR BIO MASS FUEL.* e COAL & BIO MASS FUEL IS THE ONLY ECONO- MICAL FUEL AVAILABLE—SAVE AS MUCH. AS 50% OVER OTHER FUELS. e AUTOMATIC HEAT IN A SINGLE PACKAGE. * Bio Mass Fuel — All vegetative material in pellet form. NOTE: FOR USE WITH SUB-BITUMINOUS, LIGNITE COAL AND BIO MASS FUEL. ROTATING RING BURNER HEAD “TRANSMISSION - A B c Oo E F G H MODEL 100 43% 10% 16 14%" 22% 22 12 16% MODEL 200 44 10% 20 14%" 2% 26% 16 17% MODEL 200 - Long Nose -* 38 44% * Dimensions C and F will vary with nosing length. MODELS 100H 200H Minimum Fire Box Diameter 18” 20" Size 12” 14” Stoker Motor H.P. Ye Ye Flue Size 6 8 *Lbs. Coal Fed Per Hour-Max. 16 30 Hopper Capacity 280-Lb. Coal — 212-Lb. BM 340-Lb. Coal — 258-Lb. BM Type Vent Required All Fuel All Fuel Recommended Height of Chimney Above Roof Peak 30” 30” Approximate Shipping Wt. 260 Ibs. 321 Ibs. Voltage-110V (Specifications subject to change without notice) No Electronic Control Panel Included (Stoker Relay Timer) * Coal Feed Varies With Different Types of Stoker Coal or Bio Mass Fuel. Make: Description: Range: Fuel: Distribution System: Advantages: Disadvantages: Prices: PRILLS' Hopper or bin feed self-cleaning coal furnaces. 100,000 BTU/h and 200,000 BTU/h (based on 10,000 BTU/1b coal), i.e. output 10-15% less for Wainwright. Coal and biomass. Forced air. Uses sub-bituminous coal, lignite. and bio-mass. Large space requirement. Mechanical parts in feeders susceptible to wear and breakdown. Feeder stop will shut down the furnace. Retail, Anchorage $2,600-2,900 Freight, Anchorage-Wainwright $ 500- 700 Installation $1,500-2,500 Total $4,600-6 ,100 1. Yukon has up to 50% more heat exchanger surface than an ordinary furnace. Yukon Husky features 63 sq. ft. of heat exchanger surface; the Polar has 81 sq. ft. Yukon engineers designed a secondary heat exchanger in the return-air section of the furnace so that heat normally escaping out the chimney is recycled back into the home. 3. A separate firing chamber for oil or gas is animportant Yukon designed feature. The chamber is lined with Pyrolite®, an extremely high- temperature resistant ceramic material. It not only assures efficient combustion of oil or gas, but directs those flames into the wood-burning chamber for automatic ignition of the wood fire. 4. The After-Burner™ Jet System extracts maximum BTU's from the wood. Superheated air is introduced above the wood fire to ignite and extract heat from the unburned combustible gases. Without this feature, up to 40% of the available energy would be wasted. 5. Yukon features the industry's best-quality furnace safety controls. The automatic system uses interlocking controls to heip prevent overheating. If the temperature passes a preset limit, a Honeywell temperature sensor automatically signals the solid-state controlled primary damper to shut down, and also prevents gas or oil operation until temperatures return to normal range. Power failures automatically’ close draft to control fire. = eM Ua be cd 2. The heavy welded-steelfiredoor || firebox, yet offers easy access. Firede = 5 insulated with cerawool andcerawool _€ This quality insulation material provides th air-tight seal necessary for use witha thermostatically controlled draft. HUSKY Wood/Coal/Oil KLONDIKE Wood/Coal The Yukon Husky is a combination fuel furnace that can comfortably heat prop- erly insulated: homes up to 3,000 sq. ft. Available in wood/coal/oil and wood/ coal/gas. a o a qm rj os re te | Wels sight | jE | i | i HUSKY [307] POLAR _| WOOD/ELEC KLONDIKE . The optional cast iron Shaker” grate for coalis extra tugged to resist warping or sagging. “he Yukon grate lasts far longer than rdinary rod’steel or welded-type grates. The Yukon Wood/Electric is a 20 KW four-stage combination furnace which offers both the convenience of electricity and the economy of wood. Depending on geographic location and proper ‘insula- tion, this furnace can comfortably heat homes up to 1,500 sa. ft. SPECIFICATIONS The Yukon Polar is Yukon's larges: capacity furnace which can comfort. ably heat properly insulated homes up to 4,000 sq. ft. it features 22% more heat exchanger surface than the Husky. Available in wood coaloil and wood/coal/gas. The Yukon Klondike operates alone as an efficient woodburning furnace or can be used as an add-on in conjunc- tion with an existing oil, gas or electric furnace. The Klondike can comturt- ably heat properly insulated homes up to 3.000 sq. ft. EE HUSKY HUSKY HUSKY POLAR POLAR woop MODEL Lwoes | LWO100 | LWO112 | LWO151 | LWO 168 ELECTRIC KLONDIKE BTU Input 106,000 | 125,000 | 140,000 | 189,000 | 210,000 | 68,260 20 KW] 175.000 Max. Fuel Available in Wood/oil or Wood/gas | Wood/oil or Wood/gas | Wood/Electric Wood “| BTU Output 151,000 | 168,000 68,260 131,000 Max. Nozzie J 1.5 GPH N/A N/A Blower Size 12x12 [12x12 10" x 10" 10" x 10° Motor Size 1/3 HP 1/3 HP 1/3 HP 1/3 HP Blower CFM 800-1400 |1200-1800]1200-1800} 800-1400 800-1400 Lining Firebrick | Firebrick | Firebrick Firebrick Grates Cast iron | Cast iron Cast iron Cast iron Wood Chamber 24" x 18" | 247x186" | 24"x 16" 24" x 16 Fire Door ISVS" | ISVS | __10" x10" 10°x 10" Fieid-installed Air Filter 20x25x1_ | 20x25x1 in Plenum 20x25x1 Cabinet insulated | Insulated [| insulated | insulated | Insulated | _ Insulated Insulated Chimney Flue Available left or right outlet ib Shipping Weight! 869 Ibs. 1,072 Ibs. 875 Ibs. 720 . Heat Exchanger 63 sq. ft. . 81 sq. ft. | 58sq. ft. 53 sq.ft. Secondary es Air System yes _yes yes yes tives | _yer_|_ ee Make: Description: Range: Fuel: Distribution System: Advantages: Disadvantages: Prices: YUKON HUSKY and YUKON POLAR. Automatic multi-fuel furnace. 85,000 BTU/h - 168,000 BTU/h, when operated on oil. Coal, wood and gas or oil. Forced air. Dual combustion chambers and safety devices to protect against overheating. Complete system, i.e. for new construction primarily. No built- in hot water capacity. Retail, Anchorage: $2 ,500-2,800 Freight, Anchorage-Wainwright $ 500- 700 Installation $1,500-2,500 Total $4,500-6,000 — — General Information The HS ~arm Type OT is a new energy-conserving steel plate s>/er for modern residential hydronic heating and domes:¢ hot water supply. The Type OT boiler is manufaccured in Denmark, a country known throughout the word for its excellent heating products. Designed primar.» for efficiency and flexibility, the Type OT provic2s heat and hot water year ‘round from a variety of fuels. “.20d can be used in combination with oil, gas, OF electric zy. On the left side of the Type OT is the com- bustio- chamber for oil or gas, and on the right, a large firebox ‘or wood. The three center tappings are for the op- tional installation of electrical heating elements. An auto- matic craft reguiator controls the wood fire. Should the wood fire die down or be allowed to go out, the control system automatically switches on the back-up unit — oil, gas, or electric — to maintain boiler temperature. In addi- tion, the Type OT can be supplied with shaker grates for burning coal or coke. Combustion — The large firebox employs a base-burning arrangement to maximize efficiency. As wood is heated in any fire, it emits gases, which, when burned, yield heat. When they are not burned they can represent a significant loss of efficiency. In a boiler they can also cause tar-like deposits commonly called creosote. These deposits are formed by the condensation of some flue gases when they are coc!ed. The Type OT's base-burning principle encourages burning of these gases. Much of the smoke leaves the fire>0x at its base, where flammable gases are drawn over tre ‘ire’s hot coals. Additional air for this combustion is prowided by the secondary air inlet in the upper door of the firebox. Due to the fact that the wood firebox is sur- rounded by water, the firebox walls are maintained at a relatively cool (200°F.) temperature. The low temperature of, these walls preciudes the use of wood at a moisture content of greater than 20%. Use of such “green” wood will result in poor burning and excessive formation of creosote and soot. Well-seasoned wood is required for proper boiler operation. A flap-like damper (“A” in the cross section drawings) controls the relative amount of smoke leaving the top and bottom of the firebox. The damper is operated through the cleaning door in the center of the boiler. When the damper is in the vertical position, much of the smoke will be drawn out at the base. Poor chimney draft conditions and some fuels require an intermediate damper position, which causes a greater proportion of smoke to leave from the top of the firebox. An oil or gas burner works well with the damper in the vertical or an intermediate position. When an oil or gas burner is used exclusively, as in the summer, the damper should be in the horizontal position. This will slightly increase efficiency by causing the flue gases to travel a longer path through the solid-fuel fire box before leaving the boiler. The oil-gas combustion chamber is similar to that of other modern boilers. It is surrounded by water on all sides, in- cluding the bottom. This “wet base” design allows for greater heat transfer to the water. Equipped with a flame retention oil burner, this boiler will operate at an efficien- cy of up to 84%. ; Domestic Hot Water OT boilers have a tankless system for the production of domestic hot water. They can supply ample hot water for large homes with several bathrooms. The tankless coil is %” copper tubing and can convert the entire output of the boiler to hot domestic water. Controls & Accessories HS Tarm Type OT boilers are manufactured for use with standard American central hot water heating systems. All threaded tappings accept standard American controls and equipment. All boilers are supplied with the following: —Automatic draft regulator for the wood fire —Cast iron grates —Cleaning tools —Built-in glass-lined tank for domestic hot water —Insulated jacket with orange-red baked enamel finish —ASME pressure relief valve for boiler —ASME pressure relief valve for hot water coil —High limit (overheat) control In addition, a complete package of controls and accessories including an oil or gas burner is available with the boiler. The boiler body is shipped ‘on a pallet and has a lifting ring on top for ease of handling. The jacket and controls are packaged separately from the boiler body. Construction The steel plate used in the Type OT boiler is unusually heavy. All plate that is exposed to flue gasses is over %” in thickness. Insulation fully lines the jacket, which is ~, finished in an attractive orange-red baked enamel. 5-Year Limited Warranty EF This boiler has a limited warranty, a copy of which is t provided with the boiler and is available from your dealer. Fa For specific information in connection with the OT Series as boilers, read the OPERATING AND INSTRUCTION MANUAL that accompanies the boiler and is available from your dealer. NORTHEAT WOOD STOVES, INC. 1306 Chugach Way Specifications Anchorage, AK 99503 (907) 276-39 bi data Manan setae CROSS SECTION TYPE OT-35S Gross Output—Oil Gross Output—Wood Max. Hot Water Output Output with 3 Elect. Heaters Width (B) Depth Length of Wood Chamber Width of Wood Chamber Wood Loading Door Height up to Middle of Fiue Outlet (H) Distance (C) 1 Return 2 Flow 4 Tapping Triple Hot Water Control 5 Tapping for Tridicator 10 Extra Tapping 11 Flue Outlet (Outer Diam.) (D) 14 Hot Domestic Water 15 Cold Domestic Water Supply 16 Extra Tapping 18 Boiler Drain Tapping 20 Tapping for Draft Regulator 21 Vent Tapping 22 Electric Element Tapping Water Capacity—Boiler w/Coil Weight Boiler with Jacket Pressure Test—Boiler Pressure Test—Hot Water Coil Minimum Flue Size Minimum Chimney Height re oer ores Ere All specifications are subject to change without notice. The responsibility for determining compliance with local and state codes is the obligation of the dealer. _ Note: Adequate chimney draft is required for proper operation of all wood-fired boilers. Please observe minimum chimney requirements in the table above. REAR VIEW Tekton Corporation Conway, MA 01341 (413) 369-4367 Ms ates Make: Description: Range: Fuel: Distribution System: Advantages: Disadvantages: HS-TARM TYPE OT Automatic multi-fuel furnace. 112,000 BTU/h - 280,000 BTU/h when operated on oil. Coal, wood, electricity and gas or oil. Hot water/glycol. Dual combustion chambers and automatic protection against overheating. Built-in hot water supply. Complete system, i.e. for new construction primarily. : For operation on oil or gas, one of the following is required: —Double-swing door — Burner plate and conversion plate In addition, the boiler is available with the following options: —Tankless coil for domestic hot water —Coal grates for burning coal or coke The boiler is shipped on a pallet and has a lifting ring on top for ease of handling. The jacket and controls are Packaged separately. . Construction The steel plate used in the MB-Solo boiler is unusually heavy. All plate that is exposed to flue gasses is over %” in thickness. We invite comparison of the MB-Solo’s total weight to that of any similar product. Insulation fully lines the jacket, which is finished in an attractive orange-red enamel. 5-Year Limited Warranty The HS Tarm Type MB-Solo has a limited warranty, a copy of which is provided with the boiler and is available from your dealer. For more detailed information in connection with the HS Tarm Type MB-Solo, please read the OPERATING AND INSTRUCTION MANUAL that accompanies the boiler and is available from your dealer. Cross Section oil or gas combustion dealer. Cross Section solid fuel operation Specifications Gross Output—Wood Btu/hr Gross Output—Oil Btu/hr Domestic Hot Water Output (Wood) GPM Width (8) in Length (D) in Width of Firebox in Length of Firebox in Distance (C) in 1 Return in 2 Flow in 4 Tapping for Tridicator in 5 Tapping for Aquastat in 10 Extra Tapping in 11 Flue Outlet (0.D.) in 14 Hot Domestic Water in 15 Cold Domestic Water Supply in 16 Extra Tapping in 18 Boiler Drain Tapping in 20 Tapping for Draft Reguiator in 21 Extra Tapping in 23 Tapping for Overheat Control in 24 Preheated Secondary Air Control 26 Preheated Secondary Air Manifold 27 Vent Tapping in Door Size in Water Capacity Gal Weight-Boiler wijacket Ib Pressure Test-Boiler psi Pressure Test-Coil psi Minimum Flue Size in Minimum Chimney Height ft All specifications are subject to change without notice. - The responsibility for determining compliance with local and state codes is the obligation of the Note: Adequate chimney draft is required for proper operation of all wood-fired boilers. Please observe minimum chimney requirements in the table above. ope Tekton Corporation Conway, MA 01341 (413)369-4367 1306 Chugach Way Anchorage, AK 99503 er) 276- 3972 somal bce Ohne ©. v-- Tha Tunes MR.Cala hailas ie an. NORTHEAT WOOD STOVES, INC. Make: Description: Range: Fuel: Distribution System: Advantages: Disadvantages: HS-TARM TYPE MB-SOLO Solid fuel boiler. 72,000 BTU/h - 180,000 BTU/h when operated on wood. , Coal and wood. Can be converted to operate on oil or gas. Hot water/glycol. May act as an add-on. Convertible to gas or oil Built-in hot water supply. One combustion chamber, when operated as a dual-fuel furnace. | _— »Logana« 02.40 Bucerus solid fuel boiler, convertible to oil and gas Boller block The Buderus »Logana~« 02.40 is a cast iron sectional boiler. It is specially suitable for solid fuel firing. Conversion to oil or gas firing is possible. The wet base guarantees an even com- bustion without slag formation and allows good controlability. ‘The boiler sections are hydrostatically tested in the factory at 2'/2 times working pressure, the assembled section blocks at 1'/2 times working pressure. From the combustion chamber the hot gases pass to the flue gas channels. The ample dimensions of these channels largely prevent soot and fly-ash deposits and facilitate cleaning. The draft require- ment is particularly small. The loading door opening is generously dimensioned. A particularly large ash box is suited to the larger volume of ash from wood firing. Cleaning is done from the front, the flue gas channels being accessible from the loading, and the combustion chamber from the ash door. Practical handles on ash and loading door facilitate operation. Under the blue boiler jacket the complete boiler is covered with a high efficiency heat insulation. The individual parts of the boiler jacket are easy to assemble. Fuel Wood and coal. Convertible to light oil or gas firing. Adaptation for oll or gas firing The heating boiler can be adapted with conversion parts to oil and gas firing. Water connections Item Normal Connection size KV 2” Boiler flow KR 2” Boiler return SV 1/4" Safety flow SR 1” Safety return EK - Boiler drain, fitted at the jobsite F a” Firing controller - 2" Tapping for thermometer = 3h” Tapping for tamneratur control The ash door is replaced by a burner door, the burner hole can be drilled up to a maximum of 44 in. dia. . Oil and gas burner The burner flame must suit the dimen- sions of the combustion chamber. The burner head equipment specified by the manufacturer must be used. For burner type and size consult your deaier. Control For solid fuel firing the boiler is con- trolled by a firing controller. For oil and gas firing a limit control and a thermometer are fitted at the jobsite. Chimney connection The chimney should be dimensioned to suit the boiler rating and draft require- ments taking into consideration the site conditions and the appropriate technical rules. Particular attention should also be given to the variation of flue-gas volumes when different fuels are used. Operating characteristics Hot water up to 230°F and 58 psi pres- sure. Short description of boiler (Standard equipment) Sectional cast iron heating boiler with wet base. Flue box with damper and damper positioner, loading door, ash door with damper, deep ash pan, threaded flanges for boiler flow and return, cleaning brushes, firing controller, operating and assembly instructions. Blue boiler jacket and heat insulation. Installation package, pressure relief valve, over heat control, boiler thermometer, . warranty. Delivery and packing 1 Skid: Boiler block with doors. Flue box, ash pan, cleaning brushes, firing controller, joints, assembly and operating instruc- tions (packed in combustion chamber). 1 Cardboard box: Boiler jacket with insulation and brush handle. 1 Cardboard box: . Installation package, pressure relief valve, over heat control, boiler thermometer, warranty. Optional equipment (when ordered) separately packed: - Fuel conversion parts for oil or gas firing (size to be stipulated). - Rake and poker (solid fuel). »Logana« 02.40 Sea 15%". . ‘375A Lx Boiler Boiler Com- Fuel Water Chimney Oraft Flue con- Net Net ratings with size length bustion volume contents requirements nection weight coal, oil hara. chamber — approx. approx. i i approx. . ° wk length T Solid fuel Oil/Gas dia. Oy prox. gas . wood in. in. US gal. US gail. inwWC in. WC in. Ibs. BTU/Hr. BTU/Hr. 27 23 19% 20 8% 0,040 0,036 7 620 108.000 96.000 3 27 23% 25 10 0,048 0,040 7 706 140.000 125.000 40 wr 31% 3 12% 0,052 0,048 7 876 160.000 145.000 *) Hardwood, such as birch, oak, maple, etc. With pine, spruce and similar woods reduced ratings. Larger styles available up to 300,000 BTU. Bienciclinn “ envirotherm » LIC. Box 498 @ Rindhamtan @ Naw Vark 12007 HAAS SOHN Technology + Tradition Representing the Products of HAAS + SOHN ° SOLID FUEL HEATERS C ae" - pr +n HAAS + SOHN is a German company with a long standing Tradition + tradition and a reputation for quality and inovation. = History The presence of native iron ore and coal deposits in the region caused a number of small foundries to spring up in the Hessian district of Germany in the eighteen hundreds. In 1854, Wilhelm Ernst HAAS (1784-1864) and Wilhelm Ernst HAAS jr. (1815-1865) purchased a small iron works founded in 1813 and the surrounding land needed for expansion. Hence the company name "HAAS + SOHN”, (sohn being the German word for son). HAAS being the German word for hare, the company adopted the hare as its logo. The people of the area gave the new company the name the "New Hope Works” in hope that the new firm would bring prosperity to the rural farming community. Cought on the wafe of the Industrial Revolution, prosperity was indeed forthcoming. Within a decade, HAAS + SOHN had become famous for the quality of the heaters, firebacks, plates and other products they produced. Originally, all phases of production, from mining, grading and refining of raw materials, to puddling works, blast furnace and foundry, through forge steel mill and rolling mills were handled within the works. The ornate castings and intricate detail of the 1880 heater picture is an example of the type of production HAAS + SOHN was renowned for. Heaters of this type remained popular through the beginning of the twenteeth century. Versatility and adaptability have kept HAAS + SOHN a lead- er from the 1880's to the 1980's. Predicting trends and changing to meet new challenges, HAAS + SOHN became the world leader in oil stove production in the 50's and 60's, produced sophisticated central heaters for the 70’s and responded to the oil shortage of the 1970's by increasing Production of improved solid fuel room heaters. SG HAAS + SOHN regulated heater 1880 The "New Hope Works” in this year of foundation, 1854 2 Today, the thouroughly modern HAAS + SOHN plant, pictured below, covers over fourty acres in the small town of Sinn. Nestled in a beautiful valley, surrounded by forested hills and rolling farm lands, the factory is a mere fourty-five minutes by rail or car north of the major city of Frankfurt. The diversified manufacturing capabilities of HAAS + SOHN make the company somewhat unique. With but a few exceptions, all of the components of the vari- ous products HAAS + SOHN makes including; solid fuel heaters, oil stoves, boilers for central heating by gas, oil or Aerial view of the works today solid fuel, commercial kitchens, mobile field kitchens and bakeries, self — contained modular kitchen, high pressure cleaning equipment, etc., are fabricated and finished within the factories contained within the plant. HAAS + SOHN maintains complete control of each product from conception to completion. Today, the products of HAAS + SOHN are sold to more than 80 countries around the world. HAAS + SOHN, a name to rely on. The HAAS + SOHN System This year the selection of solid fuel room heaters from HAAS + SOHN is larger than ever. Joining the popular CARINA, ANTARES and PLUTO for 1985 are PHOENIX, POLARIS and the unique range of ART LINE room heaters pictured on the front and rear cover. The models offered include a style and price range to suit most every taste. However, unique to HAAS + SOHN, ail of the various models, except the coal only Pluto, are built around the same high efficiency, multi fuel inner stove. The inner stove, shown on this page offers the following advantages of which a number a unique on the stove market today: @ Large dimensioned fire view door with special ceramic heatresisting glass @ Easy loading through front door @ Patented combined fuel selector, adjustable to each type of solid fuel used @ Highly accurate liquid filled thermostate @ Manual and automatic heat control @ All controls located in ash door for easy adjustment @ Converts from coal wood and back with the flick of a finger @ New cast iron fire box liners with improved heat transfer, longer lasting, replacible @ Unsurpassed efficiency World-wide sales of ceramic tiled heaters have doubled each year since 1979. More and more people are demanding safe, comfortable heaters. Centuries ago, Europeans discovered ceramic tiles absorbed the heat of a fire and radiated it slowly over a long periode. Surrounding the fire with tiles also insulated them from the intence heat of the burning fuel. Large tile heaters, called Kachelofen, were widely used as a main source of heat. Individually designed and installed by master craftsman, the relatively expensive Kachelofen was gradually replaced with less expensive stoves and later central heating. With the HAAS + SOHN inner stove system it is now possible to suit your taste without sacrificing efficiency. Having one inner stove encourages constant development. Technological improvements can be incorporated quickly and easily without the need for retooling a number of diffe- rent models. HAAS + SOHN has, within the factory, one of only a few DIN approved test stands in Germany and can accuratly determine the benefit of any proposed modifica- tion. The latest version of the inner stove, first introduced with the popular CARINA shows the results of such constant research and testing. When high fuel prices encouraged the manufacturing and use of solid fuel heaters, function was the most important consideration. More and more, solid fuel users today are demanding style and safety as well as function. Remembering the heat retaining properties of ceramic tiles, soon Mini-Kachelofen, replicas of their giant ancestors, but more compact and portable appeared. A daggling array of tiles became available for different tastes. Tiles are hand-made and contain a high perventage of Schamott, a special heat retaining earth. The tiles, carefully selected for each stove, accept the biasting heat of the inner stove and radiate it slowly to the room, even long after the fire has gone out. The airspace between the tiles and inner stove promotes naturally convection heat without the need of a blower. The tiles do not get hot enough to burn a child or its operator. All tiles used on HAAS + SOHN heaters are hand-glazed, thus the colors may vary slightly from heater to heater. Pictures alone cannot convey the beauty of the tiles. They really must be seen to be appriciated. Today, a number of German companies are manufacturing tile heaters. The styling is not unique. However, you can get the traditional beauty and properties of tiles combined with the unsurpassed efficiency of the inner stove only from HAAS + SOHN. I © POLARIS The star among ceramic tiled room heaters. POLARIS is synonym for beauty, comfort, convenience, effi- ciency and last not least safety. Itis installed freestanding, or in front your existing fireplace. Because the flues exit out the rear and because of its unique design, it can be installed close to wall. Thus not only saving room space, but also giving it a “built-in” appearance. . The POLARIS incorporates the high efficiency HAAS + SOHN inner stove, built to last, with new inner linings in cast iron, for fast heat transfer to the tiles, as shown on the oppo- site page. POLARIS is versatile Not only a large variety of beautiful ceramic tiles and stun- ning colors is there for you to choose from. A range of options enables you match the POLARIS to your individual taste, the room size and the interior of your home. The basic unit comes with cast iron legs and features an artistic casted inlayer in the top tiled section, hinged, and a cast iron front door in identical design, with a large fire view window, giving an unobstructed view to the flicking flames - unique with all POLARIS units. The second version available comes with a heat exchanger, located on the top section. It incorporates ten additional tiles, Polaris, soft green, with optional bench, Type 215E identical to those of the heater, which are increasing the total heat radiating surface, perfect for larger rooms. If you prefer to store wood logs underneeth the heater, we can provide a stucco-covered metal base, increasing the height of the POLARIS by 11 inches. Naturally, both optional items as described above, can be added to the basic unit, harmonizing beautifully with traditi- onal decour or an Early American home. Depending on the style and color of the tiles choosen, it will look beautiful in a modern setting, too. If you are looking for something special, the POLARIS version, shown below, should be your choice. In addition to the heat exchanger, located on top, this POLARIS features a stucco-covered cast-iron base, 16,5 inches in height, and wrapped on three sides with a bench. This POLARIS version is a true descendant of the European style - Kachelofen -. The bench comes not in a standard size and color as with other models. It can be tailor-made to your specifications. We leave it to you to determine size, design, species of wood and stain. Below and on the next two pages you can see for yourself the beauty and versatility of the HAAS + SOHN POLARIS range. POLARIS — a ceramic tiled room heater you will love to call your own. POLARIS POLARIS 215 E Dish-tile tabac brown with optional base and heatexchanger POLARIS 215 C Frame-tle white with optional heat exchanger 6 - arange of beautiful ceramic tiled stoves - combinations, tiles and colors for you to choose from POLARIS 215 E Dish-tile sand beige with optional base and heat exchanger POLARIS 115 F Sculptured frame-tile rose-wood with optional base c POLARIS 115 F Sculptured frame-tle rose-wood POLARIS 115 CM Frame-tile white with hand-painted Delft plattern POLARIS 115 F POLARIS 115 G Sculptured frame-tile bottle green Arch-tile beige brown Modell ____ POLARIS __Available tiles and colors 215 CS aes Modell No Tile shape colors sand- tabac- _soft- Color 7 see tiles _ DishE _ __beige brown green ose ste ith ; Type of fuel coal/wood 16“ Frame, flat C white white white with Delft pattern Loading Frame, sculptured F wad bottle-green” beige- rose- beige- * ~ Heatoutput: maximum in Keal/h ___ArchG brown _ wood brown _ 'OSe-wood _ average 8 hrs / maximum in BTU's 35.000 / 55.000 Heating area * in cu. ft. 8.000 - 12.000 Clearances to combustibles ** additional additional back/ sidewall, approx. _in inches Optional items height in inches __ shipping weight Dimensions: HxWxD, _ in inches 34 x 39x 19.5 Raised base 11.8 69 Ibs Flue height (top) 6” o Heat exchanger 10.0 78 Ibs Flue exit Raised base for bench 16.5 95 Ibs Shipping weight Note: * depending on insulation and location Bench, custom made to specifications “* direct backwall installation / specifications are subject to change without notice 7 ANTARES ANTARES brown ANTARES The Antares features the same heating capacity and the same energy efficient inner stove as the Polaris line, but with smaller tiles for use where a more compact heater desired. The tile exterior of the Antares exhibits the same heat retain- ing properties as Polaris. ANTARES white The Antares features @ Safe convection heating, reduced chance of accidental burns. @ Burns wood or coal without conversion. @ Handcrafted sculptured cast iron door with unobstructured fire view. @ Convenient external shaker. @ Shipped assembled for easy installation. @ Cast iron bottom plate. @ Available in three colors. Model ANTARES Model No. 105.15 L = Color | = white, brown or green _ __ Type of fuel _ _ coal/wood 16” _ _ Loading — front a Heatoutput: maximum in Kcal/h 6.000 __ average 8 hrs / maximum in BTU's 35.000/55.000 __ Heating area * in cu. ft. _____ 8.000 - 12.000 _ Clearances to combustibles ** 8/8 back/ sidewall in inches Dimensions: H x W x D, in inches 33 x 33 x 18.5 - Flue height (top) 6” d inches 29,5 _ __ Flue exit _ rear - 7 7 Shipping weight ~inibsSSC«SAS 7 Note: * depending on insulation and location 8 “* direct backwall installation 7 specifications are subject to change without notice te CARINA CARINA with warming compartment CARINA Calling on its history and reputation as a producer of Artistic casted top cover The fine detail and high quality casting give the Carina the detailed thinwall castings, HAAS + SOHN introduced the look and feel of a treasured antique, surrounding the thou- decorative cast iron Carina in 1979. roughly modern inner stove. The Carina quickly became the best selling heater of its type @ The Carina can be burned with the outer doors closed or in production. open. The standard Carina has a total of nine individual motifs on @ Burns wood or coal without conversion. the front, top and side, each a reproduction of original castings showing rustic scenes of daily life in the 19th century. @ Cast iron bottom plate. @ Optional 3 inch legs available. The optional warming compartment shows three additional scenes. @ Shipped assembled. @ Large dimensioned fire view window Model _ CARINA _ _ CARINA W. TOP — ModelNo. 191.15 _— 191.15 LWT Color _ black 5 black = Type of fuel coal/wood 16” 7 coal/wood 16” _ Loading ; front front Heatoutput: maximum in Keal/h 6.000 6.000 _ average 8 hrs / maximum in BTU's 35.000/55.000 35.000 - 55.000 Heating area * _ in cu. ft. 8.000 - 12.000 8.000 - 12.000 back scowl eatbes in inches 8/8 8/8 Dimensions: H x W x D, in inches 34x 27,5 x19 51x 27,5 x19 Flue height (top) 6” inches 34,7 34,7 Flue exit rear rear Shipping weight in Ibs 410 525 Note: * depending on insulation and location * direct backwall installation / specifications are subject to change without notice 9 PHOENIX Phoenix white Phoenix biack PHOENIX The Phoenix shows the versatility of the HAAS + SOHN The Phoenix features system. @ Burns wood or coal without conversion Where the traditional tile or antique castings of Polaris and Carina would look out of place, the clean uncluttered lines of @ Automatic thermostate the Phoenix are at home. @ Cast iron ash skirt Available in black or white enamelled finish, the Phoenix lends itself equally well to modern or contemporary furni- @ Unobstructured fire view shings. @ Safe convection shell Inside, is the same high efficiency multi fuel heater as in use in the other lines. @ Shipped assembled for easy installation Model PHOENIX Model No. 118.15 L Color black or white Type of fuel coal/wood 16” Loading front Heatoutput: maximum in Kcal/h 6.000 average 8 hrs / maximum in BTU's 35.000/55.000 Heating area * in cu. ft. 8.000 - 12.000 Clearances to combustibles ** 8/12 back/ sidewall in inches Dimensions: H x W x D, in inches 25 x 20,5 x 14 Flue height (top) 6" d inches 29,2 Flue exit . fear Shipping weight in Ibs 255 Note: * depending on insulation and location “* direct backwall installation / specifications are subject to change without notice 10 iis, PLUTO brown PLUTO The Pluto mode! coal heaters have been an inter- national best seller for HAAS + SOHN for years. The Pluto is a universal coal burner, capable of burning many types of coal but is best when used for burning prem- ium Anthracite coal. The large top loading door and self feeding reserve fuel magazine make the Pluto as mainten- ance free as solid fuel heater can be. All cast iron construc- tion, inside and out, the Pluto has been heavily reinforced to withstand increased heating output. @ Top loading reserve fuel magazine holds enough fuel for from 1 to 3 days continous operation depending on output. @ Highly accurate, liquid filled thermostat, automatic and manual setting. High temperature limit. @ Cast iron convection shell for safe, even heating. Prevent burns. ART LINE as shown on front and rear cover ART LINE Pictured on the front and rear page of this broshure are the HAAS + SOHN ART LINE room heaters. These heaters offer the same comfortable heating of the traditional ceramic heaters, but in a modern styling. This dramatic styling is exclusively available from HAAS + SOHN only, the leader in progressive heating technic. ART LINE heaters are available in three distinct styles and beautiful colored ceramic tiles. All three models are featuring the high efficiency inner stove as the other HAAS + SOHN heaters. A large fire view window in loading door comes standard. All controls are located on the front of the ash door for easy handling. The black cast iron door adds to the unique style of the heaters. ART LINE heaters have been designed exclusively for HAAS + SOHN by the designer R. Busse, known world- wide for his distinct styling. @ Brown porcelain or black painted finish. @ Operates up to 90% efficiency. @ Large fire view glass. @ External shaker for dustfree shakedown of ashes. @ Large capacity ash pan. @ Ash skirt/floor protection standard. Mode! | lnhen Bevan ghdeborg _ PLUTO Model No. il 11045 AH 111.15 AH _ 112.15 AH wa20 Color an soft white soft green TTI eee | a black or bro k or brown Type of fuel | coal/wood 16” coal/wood 16” ‘coal/wood 16” _coal only iii I nly : loading PAIL tre ___front_ front top top i Heatoutput: maximum in Keal/h 6.000 _60000———<Ci—C“‘<ie’™*S*S*C«*DSC“‘C‘C’ «OOO i average Bhrs/ maximum in BTU's_35.000/55.000___35.000/55.000___35.000/55000___22.000/40.000 _ 30.000/51.000 Heating area * incu.ft. 8000-12000 8.000- 12.000 8.000- 12.000 5.000- 8500 7.000 - 11.000 Eee toes ese MT Minne 3/3 3/3 24na 2arta Dimensions: H x W x D, ininches 42,9 x 35,4 x 21,3 571x461 x 21,3 43,5x44x181 28x 24,5 x17.5, Flue height (top) 6” ¢ inches 38,3/28,5 38,3/28,5 3830 25,4 Flue exit AVE Wi rear ~ rear ann rear ALTE rear aa) i Shipping weight im in Ibs __ 695 I 775 ~ 640 325 i laos | HET Note: * depending on insulation and location ** direct backwall installation / specifications are subject to change without notice 1 pease aaa Before installing these or any solid fue! heater contact local building or fire officials about restrictions and installation inspection requirements in your area. HAAS + SOHN - SINN { your HAAS + SOHN distributor. 7 Heating and Energy Technology Kitchen Technology | Cleaning Technology | P.O. Box 162 D-6349 Sinn/Hess. 1 | W.-Germany Telephone: (027 72) 501-1 Telex 813436 i : - thi I 12 CAST IRON STOVE MODEL «DIDO” THE «SMALL” STOVE WITH GREAT HEAT OUTPUT 12.5" — = Sa ie 6” dia —— 130° 25.0" 145” All units carry approval in the U.S. and Canada. Efel reserves the right to modify its appliances without prior notice. Note: Heating capacity, heat output and other specifications are minimum to rapid or hot burning times. These should be taken as guidelines only. Varia- bles such as wet or green, soft or hard woods, and quality of coal, chimney draft, outside temperature, insulation and even the operator of the appliance are all governing factors in determining the heating capabilities of any stove. Your Efel dealer will help you select the product which best fits your individual needs. “Special Note: When burning coal, your chimany most be stabBiced with « barometric damper which is installed in the flue pipe. The chimney should ili ae eat cpa of the unk Dra weading Or coal stoves should be between negative .03 and negative .06. Also, the chimney should be capped to prevent down-drafts. Important: Contact local building or fire officials about restrictions and installation inspection! are based on a range from SPECIFICATIONS: The Efel Sherwood™ Flue: 6” low rear vent Weight: 337 *Heat Output (Coal): 30,000 BTU/hr. *Heating Capacity: 5,000 to 6,000 cu.ft. (800 to 1000 sq. ft.) Recommended Fuel: Wood, Anthracite or Bituminous Coal, pea or Minimum Clearances to Combustibles: Backwall Sidewall Corner Coal/Wood 22” (559mm) _18” (457mm) __18” (457mm) The Efel Montana™ Flue: 6” low rear vent Weight: 417 pounds *Heat Output (Coal): 40,000 BTU/hr. *Heating Capacity: 7,000 to 8,000 cu.ft. (1000 to 1200 sq. ft) Recommended Fuel: Wood, Anthracite or Bituminous Coal, pea or nut size Log Size: Up to 20” length Minimum Clearances to Combustibles: Backwall Sidewall Corner Coal/Wood 23.3" (591mm) _14.5” (368mm) _12” (305mm) The Efel Arden™ Flue: Coal; 6” low rear vent, Wood; 6” top or rear Weight: 517 pounds *Heat Output (Coal): 55,000 BTU/hr. “Heating Capacity: 10,000 to 12,000 cu.ft. (1400 to 1800 sq. ft.) Recommended Fuel: Wood, Anthracite or Bituminous Coal, pea or nut size Log Size: Up to 24” length Minimum Clearances to Combustibles: Backwall Sidewall Corner Coal (top flue) 28” (711mm) 24” (610mm) 22” (559mm) Wood (top flue) 27.5” (699mm) 29” (737mm) 27” (686mm) Wood (rear flue) 34.5” (876mm) 23” (584mm) __27” (686mm) 577 Main Street, Hudson, MA 01749 U.S.A. Telephone: 617-562-4401 All Cast von Combination Wood/Coal Stoves The Efel Sherwood, Montana and Arden...solid cast iron beau- ties from the great furnaces of Fonderies du Lion. The products of fabled Belgian metallurgical experience coupled with a tremen- dous wealth of solid fuel technology. These stoves, handsomely made and finished, will produce decades of efficient, comfortable warmth in your home. All three models are available as either true hopper-fed coal burners or highly efficient wood burning stoves. Safe and clean, easy to use and maintain. Designed to last a lifetime, Efel cast- ings feature the maximum practical wall thickness and weight. These massive castings assure even, continuous combustion and extra long life. Most Wanted Features © Convenient top loading, through generous opening O True, hopper-fed coal system for greater efficiency O Large front viewing door, with glass rated at 1400°F O Reliable, bimetal thermostat for automatic draft control © Low, 6 inch rear flue, perfect for hearth conversion O Dual ash clearing system; top shaker and in-grate slicing knife O Extra large capacity ash pan, removable for cleaning convenience O Handsome styling, attractive slate gray color © Textured top surface for improved heat output © Quick and easy conversion tu other fuels. A Heritage of Craftsmanship The Sherwood, Montana and Arden have been designed and manufactured in Belgium, and share the Efel heritage of crafts- manship which goes back over 60 years. They are wholly built in one of the largest foundries dedicated to heating appliances, in the entire world; a fact which assures you of a sound investment. Efel Cast Irons...everything you’re looking for. SPECIFICATIONS: ee The Efel Sherwood™ 6" dia —— Flue: 6” low rear vent T | Weight: 337 pounds “Heat (Coal): 30,000 BTU/hr. “Heating Capacity: 5,000 to 6,000 cu.ft. (800 to 1000 sq. ft.) Recommended Fuel: Wood, Anthracite or Bituminous Coal, pea or nut size Log Size: Up to 18” length 145” iE 11.4” 25° _| Minimum Clearances to Combustibles: an Coal/Wood 22” (559mm) _18" (457mm) __18” (457mm) 13.07 5.0" The Efel Montana™ Flue: 6” low rear vent Weight: 417 pounds *Heat Output (Coal): 40,000 BTU/hr. * Heating Capacity: 7,000 to 8,000 cu.ft. (1000 to 1200 sq. ft.) Recommended Fuel: Wood, Anthracite or Bituminous Coal, pea or nut size ‘Log Size: Up to 20” length Minimum Clearances to Combustibles: Backwall Sidewall Corner Coal/Wood 23.3" (591mm) 14.5” mm) 12” (305mm) The Efel Arden™ Flue: Coal; 6” low rear vent, Wood; 6” top or rear Weight: 517 pounds *Heat Output (Coal): 55,000 BTU/hr. “Heating Capacity: 10,000 to 12,000 cu.ft. (1400 to 1800 sq. ft.) Recommended Fuel: Wood, Anthracite or Bituminous Coal, pea or nut size —— Log Size: Upto 24” length Minimum Clearances to Combustibies: L165” Backwall Sidewall Corner 19.7" . Coal (top flue) 28” (711mm) 24” (610mm) 22” (559mm) Wood (top flue) 27.5” (699mm) 29” (737mm) 27” (686mm) Wood (rear flue) 34.5” (876mm) 23” (584mm) _ 27” (686mm) All units carry approval in the U.S. and Canada. Efel reserves the right to modify its appliances without prior notice. dai. a Note: Heating capacity, heat output and other specifications are based on a rande from EFE ™ Providing Comfort, Heating Security, minimum to rapid or hot burning times. These should be taken as guidelines only. Varia- and Lasting Beauty home. bles such as ve or green. son ov hard woods. and quality of coal, chimney draft outside for the temperature, insulation and even the operator of the appliance are ail governing factors in determining the i ilities of any stove. Your Efel dealer will help you select the product which best fits your individual needs. TO” damper which is restalled Se tas os The chimney should be metered and stabized a ica, Inc. Sel 7 ay Subsidiary of Fonderies du Lion, SA, Belgium for coal . Negative 8 and negative D6. Aso, the chimney should be capped to prevent down draft 577 Main Street, Hudson, MA 01749 U.S.A. Important: Contact local building or fire officials about restrictions and installation inspection! | Telephone: 617-562-4401 © EFEL NORTH AMERICA, INC. 1 Printed in U.! TEKTON CORPORATION, CONWAY, MA.01341 U.S.A. PHONE 413-369-4367 TWX510-290-2468 HS TARM TRADE PRICE LIST Prices Effective July 20, 1984 TARM 900 (high-efficiency oil boiler) * $ 772 - 1,595 SIME FB Series (wood/coal add-on) * 1,095 - 1,395 TARM 202 (coal add-on) * 995 - 1,195 TARM 303 (coal add-on) * 1,595 - 1,715 TARM 400 Series (wood/coal add-on) * 1,995 - 2,845" or (multi-fuel w/electric) TARM 500 Series (multi-fuel) * 2,895 - 3,795 HS-20/TARM 303 Stoker-Boiler (coal) * 2,485 - 2,605 * All HS TARM and SIME boilers are built Multifuel boilers are approved for, and can burn wood or coal with a back-up of either gas or oil and electric. The TARM 400 series are add-on boilers, but can become a complete system with wood or coal with electric back-up. The above prices are published Trade Prices, they included a boiler complete with jacket, doors and safety controls. They may not included oil/gas burners, electric package or optional controls. The dealer cost is hased on a quanity discount schedule. For a complete HS TARM Trade Price List please contact your local HS TARM/ SIME distributor or Tekton Corporation. TAR The TARM 500 Series boilers are heating systems designed to meet the challenge of your future energy needs. As the political and economic cli- mates of the world change, so do fuel supplies and prices. Today, gas is lacing fuel oil in many parts of the country; in others, wood, coal and solar power are replacing both oil and gas. If you’re buying a heating system for ur new home or wish to replace your present system, can you afford one that commits you to burning just one fuel? A fuel that may be too expensive or completely unavailable in just a few years? The TARM 500 boilers can burn any conventional fuel—wood, coal, gas, oil or electricity—and can serve as an integral part of a solar heating system as well. Buying a TARM 500 is like getting an insurance policy for your home. Because, regardless of changes in the price or supply of any fuel, you are protected. You'll stay warm. TARM 500 boilers are compatible with all hot-water heating systems. When fired on wood or coal, your TARM 500 will heat your whole house and all the tap water you ed. When you're away or if you forget to add fuel to the fire, your TARM 500 will automatically switch to oil, gas or electric operation to keep your home warm. xty years of design and produc- tion know-how go into every TARM 500 boiler. They’re built to last. And built so they're easy for you to operate and maintain. With features like a large, solid-fuel firebox with no obstructions to get in your way. Durable cast-iron: doors. and: grates. A heesaky insulated jacket, finished: SERIE heat exchanger for burning oil or gas. There’s a tankless coil for heating tap water. And if you live in an area where electricity is inexpensive or little back-up heat is required, there’s an optional electrical elements package. combustion TARM 500 Series boilers operate as cross-draft burners when fired on wood and as updraft burners when fired on coal—ensuring the most complete combustion of either fuel. Cross-draft systems give the most ef- ficient wood combustion possible with a natural draft chim- ney. In the TARM 500 Series boilers, primary air enters the area below the grates through a flap on the % ash door. q_ te Central Heat from Wood, Coal, Gas, Oil, or Electricity This primary air flow is controlled precisely by the SAMSON draft regu- lator, a non-electric device that regu- lates boiler temperature automatically, even during power failures. As the fire burns, smoke and hot gas pass through the hot coals on the grates to the rear of the fire- box. Second- ary air, admitted through the air dial on the firing door and through a tube in the rear of the firebox; mixes with these hot gases, encouraging further burning and minimiz- ing creosote formation. The vertical firetube heat exchanger extracts the maximum amount of heat from these pases before they are vented up the chimney. ess heat up the chimney means more heat in your home—where you want it. Even when burning conventional fuels, TARM 500 boilers outperform many mod- ern, conventional boilers. Oil or gas is burned in a completely separate firebox and heat exchanger so that no deposits from the wood or coal fire can compromise combus- tion efficiency. construction For durability, all TARM 500 Series boilers are constructed of 44” steel plate. The doors and grates are cast and machined from the finest gray iron. For maximum flexibility of installation, the flue outlet may be mounted either on the right side of the boiler or at the rear. If desired or if required by law, the oil/gas fire may be vented separately from the solid- fuel fire. For ease of maintenance, both firetube heat exchangers, accessible when the cleanout cover is removed, may be cleaned quickly and easily with the round flue brush sup- plied with the boiler. Note: TARM 500 Series boilers are available constructed in accordance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and National Board-registered. controls and accessories Each TARM 500 Series boiler is shipped with the following: * cast-iron doors and shaker grates © copper tankless coil for heating domestic water SAMSON Automatic Draft Regulator High Limit Aquastat (overheat control) ASME Boiler Pressure Relief Valve ASME Coil Pressure Relief Valve cleaning tools The following accessories may be ordered with the boiler or ordered separately for installation at a later date: * cast-iron baffle plate for burning anthra- cite coal ¢ oil or gas burner * controls package (additional heating sys- tem components and burner controls) ¢ electrical elements package (for addin electrical back-up heat to the TARM 500 20-year limited warranty All HS TARM boilers sold after Nov. 15. 1981 carry a 20-year limited warranty, a copy of which is provided with the boiler and is available from your HS TARM Dealer or from Tekton Corporation ALL TARM 500 Series boilers are ETLM-approved. All specifications are subject to change without notice. The responsibility for determining compliance with local and state codes is the obligation of the dealer. Note: Adequate chimney draft is required for proper operation of all wood-fired boilers. Please observe minimum chimney requirements in the table above © 1981, Tekton Corporation specifications . TARM 502 TARM 504 Maximum Gross Output-Wood Btwhr 110,000 150,000 Burn Time hr Li 6 | Minimum Gross Output-Wood Btwhr 25,000 37,000 Burn Time hr 14 16 Maximum Gross Output-Coal* Btwhr 120,000 168,000 Burn Time hr 12 12 Minimum Gross Output-Coal* Btwhr 30,000 42,000 Burn Time hr 24+ 24+ Maximum Gross Output-Fuel Oil Btwhr 160,000 184,000 Maximum Combined Output Btwhr 280,000 352,000 Maximum Output with Six Btwhr 102,000 102,000 Electrical Elements KW 36 36 Domestic Hot Water Output — Wood GPM 2.2 3.0 Boiler Body Width in 21% 24Y2 Depth in 47s 60 Height in 48% 48Y2 Firebox Length in 18% 27M Width in 13% 16% Height in 2742 27¥2 Volume cu ft 4 7 Height to Center of Flue in 43 43 | Tapping(s) for: re s Return in Ma 1% 2 Supply in 1% 1% 3 Fusible Plug, in M Ms 4 Aquastats in % % 5 Tridicator in Ya Ya 10 Drain and Fill in ‘E 1% 11 Flue Outlet in 6 8 14 Tankless Coil in BA Ye 15 Tankless Coil in Me M 16 Pressure Relief Valve in % Ye 20 Draft Regulator in % Ye 22 Electrical Elements in 1 1 24 Preheated Secondary Air Control - ee = 26 Preheated Secondary Air Manifold - - = 27 Air Vent in . Me Me Water Volume gal 49 76 | Weight of Boiler Body Ibs 1,167 1,870 Weight of Jacket Ibs 99 121 Pressure Test psi 60 60 Minimum Flue Size in 8x8 8x 12 Minimum Chimney Height ft 20 20 | Minimum Draft Required inWG 05 05, * with optional coal baffle installed HS U5) TRAD route se conway, ma orn TEKTON/sime FB Series Application For homeowners who want to add wood or coal-burning capability to their present hydronic heating system, the Tekton/Sime FB Series cast-iron boilers are first choice in both quality and value. Designed primarily for connec- tion in tandem with an existing oil- or gas-fired system, the FB boiler enables the homeowner to burn wood or coal for all their heating needs, with the oil or gas boiler serving as automatic backup when the solid fuel fire is out. And with the addition of the optional oil- or gas-burner conversion package, the FB boiler can serve as a completely independent multi-fuel system. FB boilers are compatible with all hydronic (forced hot water) heating systems up to a maximum working pres- sure of 45 psi. They are available in five, six and seven section models to cover the majority of residential heating requirements. Larger models for larger residences and light commercial use will be available in early 1985. Construction FB boilers are sectional cast-iron boilers, with cast-iron doors, and: cast iron grates. All FB boilers are con- structed in accordance with Section IV of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, and bear the ASME “H” stamp. They are pressure tested to 90 psi, and designed for working pres- sures of up to 45 psi. The boiler jacket is finished in a bright red baked-enamel, and is fully insulated. Features FB boilers are designed to burn wood or coal conveniently and efficiently. The FB’s extra-large loading door makes it easy to load enough wood or coal for long burn times. Equally important for easy loading are the FB’s two different types of intermediate sections: the frontmost section(s) have a reduced heat exchanger profile, so that access to the firebox is unrestricted, and the intermediate sections to the rear have a full complement of heat-exchange sur- face for maximum efficiency. Shaker grates with an external shaker handle make it easy to clear ash from the coal fire. Both the ashpan and ashpit are extra-large to handle the high volumes of ash produced by the coal fire. Water-cooled fixed grates, located below the shaker grates, are an WOOD/COAL BOILER integral part of each intermediate boiler section. These wet grates contribute to the boiler’s efficiency, and also prevent the shaker grates above from reaching temperatures that could cause the formation of clinkers in the coal fire. Combustion The wood or coal fire is controlled by an automatic, non-electric draft regulator. This regulator will continue to operate during power failures, and, in the majority of installations, will enable the boiler to continue to heat the home until power is restored. Recommended Fuels The FB boilers may be fired with either anthracite chestnut-sized coal or well- seasoned hardwood (moisture content of 20% or less). We do not recommend the use of bituminous coal or un- seasoned wood. Well-seasoned soft- wood will burn well in the FB boilers, but burn times will be considerably lower than those for hardwood. When equipped with the burner conver- sion package, the FB can be fired with #2 fuel oil or gas. Cleaning FB boilers are supplied with a special brush for cleaning the firebox and heat- exchange passages. All heat exchange surfaces are easily accessible through the loading door for cleaning. The smoke box at the rear of the boiler has a removable cleanout plate underneath, and the smoke box itself removes easily if required. Packaging The boiler body is supplied on a pallet, and comes completely assembled with shaker grates installed. The boiler body is equipped with eight lifting rings for easy handling. The shaker arm, arm bolt, and door handle grips are packed in the boiler body. The jacket and con- trols are boxed separately. TEKTON/sime FB Series Standard Equipment e Boiler and jacket e Shaker grates w/external handle e Ash pan e Flue brush e Poker « Samson automatic draft regulator e Honeywell overheat control e Theraltimeter e Watts ASME boiler pressure relief valve Optional Equipment e Burner Conversion Package e Oil or gas burner e Automix continuous circulation system Warranty All FB Series boilers are covered by a 20 year limited warranty, a copy of which is available from your Tekton dealer or distributor, or from Tekton Corporation. WOODICOAL BOILER SPECIFICATIONS FBS FB6 FB7 FBS Maximum Gross Output-Wood Btu/hr 79,000 92,000 108,000 124,000 Burn Time hr 4%, 4%. 4%. 4V2 Minimum Gross Output-Wood Btu/hr 24,000 30,000 36,000 42,000 Burn Time hr 10 10 10 10 Maximum Gross Output-Coal Btu/hr 88,000 104,000 120,000 136,000 Burn Time hr 8 8 8 8 Minimum Gross Output-Coal Btu/hr 24,000 30,000 36,000 42,000 Burn Time hr 244+ 24+ 24+ 24+ Maximum Gross Output-Oil or Gas Btu/hr 126,000 148,000 170,000 192,000 Heating Surface sq ft 24.1 29 34 39 _ Boiler w/Jacket Width in 18 V2 18 V2 18 V2 18 V2 Depth (“A”) in 29% 33 37 41 Height in 42Vs 42% 42% 42% Firebox Length in 15 19 23 27 Width in 12% 12% 12 Vs 12% Height in 14%, 14% 14M, 14% Volume cu ft 1.8 2.3 2.8 3.3 7 Height to Center of Flue in 33 33 33 33 Tapping(s) for 1 Return in 1V2 1% 1% 1% 2 Supply in 1% 1% 1% 1% 3 Aquastat in V2 “a V2 Ya 4 Remote Tridicator in Ya Ve Ya Ve 5 Drain & Fill in Ya Ye Ye ve 6 Flue Outlet in 6 6 6 6 7 Pressure Relief Valve in Ye Ym % % 8 Draft Regulator in % % Ya Ya 9 Flue Damper _— _— _ -_ Water Volume gal 8.2 9.2 10.3 11.3 Weight of Boiler w/Jacket Ibs 540 617 694 771 Pressure Test psi 90 90 90 90 Maximum Working Pressure psi 45 45 45 45 Minimum Flue Size __in 8x8 8x8 8x8 8x12 Minimum Chimney Height ft 20 20 2a. 2@ =: Minimum Draft Required in/WG .05 06 .07 07 Loading Door Size in 12x12 12x12 12x12 12x 12 awe - A . 8 rr FRONT VIEW SIDE View ‘solid fuel ony ‘wloptional burner conversion REAR VIEW Distributed by TEKTON CORPORATION, CONWAY, MA 01341 U.S.A. Eat ity Wood/Coal a Ma | Zao Te = = = T as HS TART Energy-Savir - Everyone knows that you can save money on fuel by burning wood or coal. But you may not know there’s a way you can have the comfort and conven- ience of your present central heating system and still burn these economical fuels. If you’re seriously committed to energy independence, you should know about HS TARM’s complete line of wood- and coal-burning central heating sys- tems for your home. You'll Start Saving Money— Immediately! HS TARM makes two types of central heating systems: “add-on” boilers that burn wood or coal and install alongside your present boiler, and complete “multi- fuel” boilers that burn wood, coal, oil or gas, and electricity. Whatever fuel you choose, your TARM boiler will burn it efficiently, plus offer you the secur- ity of automatic “no hands” switchover to the backup fuel of your choice. That adds up to automatic cost savings. This -” fuel flexibility allows you—as an HS - TARM owner—to “play the market” of fuel availability and price, and to keep your family warm, even if conventional - fuels become unavailable. “Based on my experience, if you’re considering putting in a multifuel unit, it would be safe to assume a 60 percent reduction of your normal fuel consumption.” “The potential savings are even greater.” Joseph R. Provey HS TARM Owner Assistant Home and Shop Editor Popular Mechanics Clean, Comfortable Central Heat The money you’ll save on fuel and the security you’ll enjoy are the best reasons to install a TARM boiler. But comfort and convenience alone are two very good reasons to put a TARM in your home. If you have a hot-water heat- ing system, you're already familiar with its advantages. If you don’t, your family will immediately notice the difference— hydronic central heat is draft-free, dust-free and quiet (It’s ideal for in- door plants and greenhouses, too). No more stuffy, dry air. No more of the cold rooms and hot spots associated with wood stoves. And no more mess from dragging wood or coal into the living area. And, because you can run your TARM without electricity, you'll be protected against freeze-ups during power failures. With clean, even and convenient hot water central heat, your entire house will be comfortable and enjoyable, and it will stay that way. Add a domestic hot water coil to your HS TARM boiler and you'll also be getting hot tap water virtually FREE. “(We get) unlimited hot water. We have ten kids—so we need water for 12 baths every day.” Albert Ferrell Eastern Pennsylvania A Name You Can Rely On For over fifty years, the HS TARM Company has been designing and build- ing solid, dependable, high quality home heating systems. In Europe, the United States, and Canada, families like yours have enjoyed the savings, comfort, security, and convenience of TARM hydronic (hot water) wood-and coal-fired central heating. In recent years, this traditional TARM emphasis on quality construction and design has been translated into significant energy—and money—savings. The re- spected consumer publication, Popular Mechanics, did an unsolicited cover story and test on HS TARM titled “NEW FURNACE THAT BURNS 5 FUELS.” Take a look at it and see what they say about HS TARM. Now, more than ever, HS TARM is the investment your family should consider. With the fuel it saves, your TARM can pay for itself in 1-3 years, even at todays interest rates. And because TARM boilers are built to last, they are an investment that will increase the resale value of your home in years to come. Efficient Bu mW Flue Outlets Firetube Heat Exchanger for Wood and Coal Separate Heat Exchanger for Oil or Gas Inlet for Pre-heated Secondary Air Separate Combustion Chamber for Oil or Gas Secondary Combustion Zone Cut-awa' ¢. TARM boilers are not just designec to burn different fuels; they’re design to burn each fuel—wood, coal, oil or gas—as efficiently as possible. Whatever the heating demand, the pv mary air supply to the wood or coal fire is precisely controlled by the Samson draft regulator. This automatic control operates independently of ele- tricity, and burns fuel at the correct rate, even during power failures. A Unique Combustion System © All TARM woodburning boilers feature a cross-draft baseburning combustion system unique in the woou- burning industry. This system gives maximum fuel efficiency with minin= creosote formation. In conventional. wood-burning systems, a high percer.- tage of the heat available in the wood is lost up the chimney in the form of unburned gases, which can also conf dense in your chimney to form creo- sote. In a TARM, all gases must pass through an intensely hot bed of coals at the bottom of the firebox before entering the heat exchanger. Here, th proper amount of secondary air is add- ed, and the gases are burned. This u! que combustion system is only half t story of TARM’s superior fuel efficien._ cy. The other half lies in TARM’s sophisticated heat-exchanger, typifiec = \eMtra® Heal ng of Any Fuel Tankless Coil Tappings for Electrical Elements Fuel Door Crossdraft Combustion Firebox Ash Door Shaker Grates TARM 500 Series oy the firetubes of the TARM 400 & 500 Series. The heat exchanger extracts the maximum amount of heat possible from the flue gas, giving you the most heat for your fuel dollar. Designed For Coal HS TARM makes two boilers strictly for anthracite coal. Both boilers feature updraft combustion, a compact firebox, and are small enough to be installed in e'most any home. While these boilers + -@sent the ultimate for the full-time coal-burner, all TARM boilers burn an- thracite coal efficiently and cleanly. And all TARM wood/coal boilers can be converted from crossdraft to updraft © ~bustion for maximum convenience. High Efficiency With Oil or Gas For efficient combustion, oil or gas must be burned in a separate combus- tion chamber from wood or coal. Other- wise, the soot and other residue which collect on the sides of the solid-fuel firebox will give poor heat transfer from the oil or gas flame. All TARM multi- fuel boilers have separate combustion chambers for oil or gas, and the 500 Series features a completely separate heat exchanger as well. With combus- on efficiencies of 84% or better, the ARM multi-fuels burn oil or gas better than most conventional systems! g ye Auto-Mix Il for Optimum Efficiency By adding an AUTO-MIX Ii Mixing Valve to your HS TARM, you are taking that extra step for maximum comfort and savings. In conventional heating control systems, the thermostat turns water circulation either on or off. No matter how warm or cold it is outside, the hottest water available is used for heating. That's like regulating the speed of your car by alternately de- pressing and releasing the accelerator! Fuel is wasted, just as it would be in a car. And because wood or coal fires constantly produce heat, more fuel is wasted when water circulation is “off”. Auto-Mix II for Optimum Fuel Efficiency In the AUTO-MIX system, the circula- tion of heated water is continuous, and the temperature of the water is precise- ly regulated according to heating de- mand. You always get water that’s the right temperature for the job. What you don't get is: poor fuel economy; clanks and rattles caused by sudden water temp- erature changes in radiators; and un- even, inefficient burns with wood or coal. A Tradition of Quality At HS TARM, quality has been a tradition for over 50 years. You'll see this quality reflected in each compo- nent of every TARM boiler. For dura- bility, all boilers are manufactured to industrial-quality standards. This makes them the finest available for residential use. Welding is a true craft in Europe, and the Danish welders who construct TARMs are master craftsmen. You may not fully appreciate the beauty of their work inside your TARM, but you will appreciate the results—years of trouble-free performance and comfort for your family. S Safe, Efficient, Easy-To-Maintain TARM boilers are fully-insulated to prevent “stand-by loss” (the uncon- trolied release of heat from the surface of the boiler). Insulation also ensures that your HS TARM jacket surface will never be hot. This makes it much safer than a woodstove, and safer for child- ren and pets. The steel outer jacket is coated with a brilliant orange-red baked enamel that is as attractive and durable as the finish on a fine automobile. All TARMs are comfort-engineered for ease of maintenance and operation. On the new 300, 400, and 500 Series, for example, the firetube heat exchangers are easy to inspect and easy to clean. All controls on the boiler are easy to operate and simple to adjust. You may enjoy using your TARM as much as you'll enjoy the money you'll save on fuel! ‘TARM doors are carefully cast and machined from the best Scandinavian iron, for years of trouble-free and air- tight service. Each boiler is equipped with a large fuel door and a large ash door for easy loading and cleaning. All-copper Tankless Coil TARM boilers are available with a tankless coil for heating your hot tap water. The savings you'll realize from heating your tap water with wood or coal will astonish you. But even more amazing is the amount of water a TARM can heat. You'll have oceans of hot water for - baths, showers, kitchens and laundry. “After two complete heating seasons, the HS TARM boiler has saved more in oil costs than the cost of the unit plus installation...not a bad payback period!” ° Kenneth Blaisdell Western Massachusetts 15 Different Models Whatever your home's size or description, we have a model to meet your needs. If you want to add wood- or coal-burning capability to your present system, you'll have nine different TARM add-on boilers to choose from. And if you're building a new home or replac- ing an older boiler, one of TARM’s six different complete multi-fuel systems— all of which give you your choice of five different fuels—will be just right for your needs. You'll find complete speci- fications on all models—from the com- pact TARM 202 coal burner to the “state-of-the-art” TARM 500 Series multifuel—on the back of this bro- chure. Contact the authorized HS TARM Dealer nearest you to learn more about these fuel-efficient, money-saving, high quality TARM models: TARM 202 Designed for coal. A solid value in a coal add-on. TARM’s smaliest model, yet holds 24 gallons of water! TARM 303 The mid-sized coal boiler. Easy installation, excellent performance. TARM 400 Series Super-efficient wood/coal add-on boilers. May be con- verted to complete multifuel systems with addition of electric heating elements. TARM 500 Series The Ultimate Multi- fuels. 12 firetubes, 2 separate fire- boxes, shaker grates standard equip- ment, maximum efficiency on any fuel. Type MB Series High performance wood/coal add-on boilers. Unusually large fireboxes. ideal for use with any oil- or gas-fired system. Type OT Series The classic HS TARM multifuels, the model written up in Popular Mechanics. HS 20 Stoker The most convenient of all solid fuel-burning systems. Unique stoker feeds coal automatically. Parts and Service Readily Available HS TARM maintains a complete professionally-trained Distributor/Dealer network to meet all your service and in- Stallation requirements. These hand- picked home heating professionals are experts at helping you enjoy the bene- fits of HS TARM central heating. In addition, complete parts and accessory inventories are available at all times. Twenty Year Limited Warranty—/t’s Built in Every HS TARM central heating system that goes into a home is backed by our reputation for quality and dependability...and comes with a 20-Year Limited Warranty for your peace of mind. Compare that with any other heating system on the market. And all HS TARM models are tested for safety by a nationally-recognized laboratory. in addition, most models are available constructed to ASME code standards, should this be required in your area. “Christmas morning it was — 10°. and we had no trouble keeping the house at 74°. | am heating my hot water with my HS TARM all this summer.” Carl R. Schutts, Sr. Northern New Jersey “My TARM 202 frankly exceeded my expectations. | couldn’t be more pleased with it. It is efficient and produces all the heat and hot water | need, and we have a large house.” Charles F. Bernhard Connecticut TARM 202 . The Coal Specialist Rugged, air-tight construction Fully insulated 24 Gallon Water Volume! “Having just completed the third full year of operation of the HS TARM, | am still amazed at the simplicity of operation. We have recovered the furnace cost twice. LT. Grant Upstate New York TARM 500 Series State-of-the-art design Firetube heat exchangers Maximum efficiency on all fuels “1 am most impressed with its ability to maintain our house (three-bedroom raised-ranch) at 74° all winter using a reasonable supply of wood.” J. Lawrence Rustici Connecticut “An excellent, excellent unit. My boiler was underwater from a flood on Feb. 14, 1981. As soon as the water went down in the river, | was able to start my MB-Solo 55 and have heat in my house. My oil burner was damaged - $200 worth - but not my HS TARM.” Jeffrey A. Lantear Eastern New York State “Before purchasing, we looked at several different makes. The quality of construction and the ease of cleaning were the major factors for buying the TARM.” Donald A. Warren Maine SPECIFICATIONS Multifuel Systems a Bi ca 502"* 504" OT-28°** OT-35"" —OT-50°"" _OT-70"" _~HS-20"* Max. Gross Output’ (Btu/h Max. Combined 280,000 352,000 «112,000 -~—=« 140,000 -~—=«200,000-~—=—«280,000 Wood 110,000 150,000 72,000 112,000 ~—« 140,000 -—=—«196,000 Coal 120,000 168,000 72,000 112,000 «140,000 ~—=«-196,000-—«120,000 Oil/Gas 160,000 184,000 ~=»«112,000_-—=S—«*140,000~=—»«-200,000-—=—«280,000 Electric 102,000 102,000 62,000 82,000 82,000 82,000 ca Hot Water Output, 56 60 22 28 40 56 24 Water Volume (Gal) 0 76 7342 76 a 130 21 Firebox Width (in) 13-412 16-34 7.314 10-172 13-14 13-114 17-12 Length (in) 18 27 15-112 21-412 21-172 3 17-112 Height (in) 27-412 27-412 30 30 30 30 21-114 Volume (ft?) 40 74 22 a4 49 70 25 Coal Capacity (Ibs) 1935 220 100 165 180 275 unlimited Boller Body Width (in) 21-414 24-112 35.314 39-412 46-314 46-314 42 Length (in) 47-414 60 24.314 30 30 39-112 29 Height (in) 48-412 48-112 49 49 49 49 75-318 Weight wiJacket (Ibs) 1266 1991 946 1089 1444 1860 1045 Min. Flue Size (in) 8x8 8x12 8x8 8x8 8x8 x12 8x8 Height to Center of Flue (in) a3 3 38-112 38 37-112 37-112 ET Add-On Systems 402°" 404** ~—sMB-30°"" | MB-40"" MB-55—MB-75""" 202°" goa" Max. Gross Output’ (Btu/hn Wood 110,000 150,000 —«-72,000-~—«100,000 «140,000 -—180,000 Coal 120,000 168,000 72,000 100,000 -~—«-140,000 180,000 80,000 _-—‘120,000 Electric 102,000 102,000 Domestic Hot Water Output, (GPM) 2.4 34 15 20 29 37 NA 24 Water Volume (Gal) 41 62 29 36 55 5 24 21 Firebox Width (in) 19-12 16:34 12-42, 1212 SHD 152s t21I2SS«TAIB Length (in) 18 27 1512 © 15427-12742 14 47-112 Height (in) 2742-27-42 26 26 26 26 1614 4-4/4 Volume (ft?) 40 74 32 32 7 74 15 25 Coal Capacity (Ibs) 135 220 100 100 200 200 80 135 Boiler Body Width (in) 21414244 1784178 21 21 18 23 Length (in) 3812 49-14 2514 BTA ANZ AA-1I2. 19-814 23 Height (in) 4812 48-14 50-12, 50-12 50-112. 80-112 37 51 Weight wijacket (Ibs) 1056 1529 594 770 1100 1177 450 645 Min. Flue Size (in) 8x8 8x12 8x8 Ox6 8x12 8x12 8x8 8x8 Height to Center of Flue (in) “a rr 40-12 40-12 40-112 —~40-412 NA a *Your HS TARM dealer is the best judge of the proper size boiler for your home. Sizing will depend on your primary fuel source, the length of burn you desire from a given fuel, and, of course, the actual heating re- quirements of your home and family. Burn times can range from several hours to overnight under different conditions. **ASME Models Available ***Available by special order only. All HS TARM boilers are tested and approved to ETLM 78-1 and CSA B366M1979 standards by the Energy Testing Laboratory of Maine. ALL HS TARM boilers require 8 minimum chimney height of 20 ft. and a minimum draft of .05 in/WG for proper operation. ALL HS TARM boilers are pressure-tested at the factory to 60 psi, twice the pressure encountered in normal service. 20-Year Limited Warranty All HS TARM Quality Home Central Heating Systems offer you the protection and peace of mind of a rock-solid 20-Year Limited Warranty. DISTRIBUTED BY: Copyright 1982 Tekton Corporation. TARM CONWAY, MA 01341 413/369-4367 — > COS 76.83 al O a> Goma 73.17 <w c= - o as 60.43 > Ke Pa re) i. r L L | 1 _ ul 55% 60% 65% 70% 75% Overall efficiency, averaged at 10,000, 20,000 and 30,000 Btu/hour. (See Questions and Answers.) > 5 wa: =) c 3 BLAZE KING CATALYTIC 35,691 wi ag CS eee EARTH STOVE CATALYTIC 24,282 TT S <q Wi = SWEET HOME 60,455 - = VERMONT CASTINGS er) -_— co J | | | 1 rE a Btu/hour 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 How low, and how high, each stove burned during the OMNI test. aie, , J 2 - 1.6 BLAZE KING CATALYTIC = ° 3.3 EARTH STOVE cataLytic = ”n2> ” — Tau = eo VERMONT CASTINGS | 1 | = a Grams/hour 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 — Emissions, or pollution, put into the air, or into your chimney as creosote. Ty 4 ae aa PE) er as 1s Mfg., Inc Es lS sa tt 1984. Woode BURN TIMES ! Jt Hours 5 10 15 20 25 Maximum burn time at 10,000 Btu/hour, calculated from tested efficiency and cord wood loading, + 15%. THESE ARE LAB TEST RESULTS — INDIVIDUAL RESIDENTIAL INSTALLATIONS MAY VARY. COMPARA TOV! yest projec eoas-t: august 14984 prepared for? dew cer nen urecter ine? Ince 3301 ast [saac walla alla: A 99S6e Lowe _ pighes Maximus stove make model erticiencY’ Heat 0 pu Emi ssi? s? urn 7 3 (gio; 00 pru/nou} y arrow ats 67-82 8,799 — 28,9702 13-6 40-2 nour? plaze King Kind cat 76.85 9,954 - 35,671 1-6 27-4 noursS KES 4101 country comfor cc 600 66-19 9.795 — Bi 925 30.7 14.5 nour earth stove 4Qo0C 73-17 41,061 ~ 24,282 3.3 45.9 pours Kent yile Fir 62-57 9.416 ~ 31,763 49-3 40.9 nour S mobile Home Lop? ago-T 64-15 18,570 - 36,058 17-4 4.7 pours! sweet Home Noble Fir 60-45 7,875 - 40,455 a4.1 40-2 hours vermont casting yigilan 58.08 6,788 ~ 31,658 37.3 41-4 hours Notes? 1) average? at xhnree point> «10 o00s 20, 000 and 30, 0 pru/hour 2) oreso" weignted aver ag 3 calcul xe fro rest geiciencY nm cord wood joadina (+l 45%) 4a) Actua rested yowest purn rate nd cord wood yoading t+/- 15%) P epare by? INT env? onment4 Ss vices: Inc: 0950 Ww qfth treet: suite 245 peaver to oR 700 (gos) pas—37 29 AUugus Bis 41984, : i / f L \ { L/L ) - WF i Tuc a LALAP paul yiegs> president BL AZE KING Woodcu itter: 3 's Mf oni East Cue Inc. altos see | 9) 529-9820 9362 More Than Hot Air Hot air dominates the wood stove business these days, with claims and counterclaims running rampant. At Blaze King’, we've long felt that our catalytic stoves and fireplace inserts are the most efficient woodburners available. The question was how to make ourselves heard over every other wood stove manufacturer's claim. Blaze King finally decided to separate fact from fantasy by asking an independent certified testing laboratory to test the performance of one of our Blaze King catalytics along with seven of our highly touted and advertised competitors. * Last June we purchased seven popular stoves (five of them reportedly clean-burning) and sent them to OMNI Environmen- tal Services, Inc. OMNI, in Beaverton, Oregon, tested all eight stoves accor- ding to Oregon’s rigorous new wood stove certification stan- Some Questions. And some Answers. Q Why did Blaze King choose these particular stoves for com- parative testing? Our aim was to test the most efficient free-standing stoves produced by seven of our competitors. Catalytic models if available, stoves advertised as clean and efficient, or models recommended by the dealers as being popular. The Arrow ATS Catalytic was a logical choice since Ar- row claims the ATS is ‘‘more than just another catalytic woodstove.’’ We wondered how much more. The King size Blaze King Catalytic was picked because in- dustry ‘‘experts’’ agree that only small catalytic stoves can be efficient. And the state of Oregon has published many tests on our smaller catalytic—we know it works. Country Comfort’s popular CC600 was chosen to match most of the other models in firebox size. The Earth Stove Catalytic — according to the ads—does it all. And it did do exceptionally well. The Earth Stove was tested with the glass door which was shipped with it. Kent, about the Tile Fire: ‘‘This combustion system has passed some of the most stringent emissions and efficiency testing yet devised without the need for a catalytic system.” Lopi advertising (from June, 1983) promoted the Model X-T insert as 73.5 percent overall efficient. Attempts to purchase the X-T insert failed (June/July, 1984) with dealers saying, ‘‘We've never had one. The factory is not making them.’’ The 440-T was chosen strictly on a dealers recommendation: ‘This is the clean burner.’’ More recent Lopi ads (September, 1984), attribute the same 73.5 per- cent figure to another insert, the Model X. We're confused. Sweet Home advertising for Grand Fir and Noble Fir models indicates that ‘‘an amazing 79.3 overall efficiency puts the Fir in a class by itself.” Of the two, we selected the Noble Fir, expecting the smaller firebox to give a cleaner, more efficient burn. The Vigilant is, according to one dealer, Vermont Casting’s most popular stove. 7 Why were efficiency values averaged? Why not publish all the figures from the lab? A There appear to be no recognized standards for presenting a single efficiency figure. And publishing all the figures would be confusing. Picking three Btu points at which to sample efficiency tells what the stove actually does. For stoves whose limited burning range fell inside the top and bottom limits, values were averaged from the lowest and highest points reached during the test burns. © dards. (Oregon’s rules are the only state-recognized emissions and efficiency testing standards around.) In addition to figures on Btu output, emissions and burn times, we asked for efficiency at widely separated points. Con- sumers need to know how a stove will perform over the com- plete burn range. (For example: one catalytic stove tested at 6 grams per hour at low burn and 47 grams per hour at high burn. Unfortunately, some manufacturers are reporting only the best of several figures.) After looking at the test results, we discovered that all the stoves tested are, indeed, good stoves —in fact, better than the average. And we also confirmed that our Blaze King catalytic is the most efficient and clean-burning stove available today. We always knew Blaze King quality offers more than just hot air. And now, we have proof. Q_ How were the maximum burn times calculated? A They were calculated by OMNI using the weight of a load of cord-wood for each stove. (It’s a complex formula; if you want to try it, call Blaze King.) Due to moisture and fuel den- sity variants, OMNI states this figure as +15 percent. “‘Low burn’ for two stoves was above 10,000 Btu per hour. For these, OMNI used the lowest test burn rate. You make a point of presenting overall efficiency. Others advertise ‘‘combustion efficiency.’’ What's the difference? A Woodstove efficiency can be presented three ways. Whether comparing catalytic or non-catalytic, always com- pare equivelents. Combustion efficiency is the amount of heat released in- to the firebox, compared to the amount of heat (theoretical- ly) available in the fuel. Heat transfer efficiency is the heat put into the room compared to the heat available in the firebox. Overall efficiency is obtained by multiplying combustion efficiency by heat transfer efficiency. And it’s the only figure which really tells you how much useable heat is delivered into the room. Q Can | believe this ad, any more than others I’ve seen? A When closely examined, many manufacturers’ ‘‘cold facts’’ turn out to be ‘‘hot air.’’ Test methods vary. We've seen September, 1984, ads based on two-year-old methods which were long ago abandoned. Reporting methods also vary. (See the above question.) Beware of comparative advertising which ignores overall efficiency or doesn’t credit the testing agency and the testing method. But to answer the question: You bet! (For manufacturers wanting figures to shoot at: The Blaze King gave its best efficiency at 9,954 Btu per hour, with 83.1% efficiency and 1.16 grams per hour of particulate. The high burn, 35,691 Btu per hour, was delivered at 73.5% efficiency and 3.00 grams of particulate per hour.) Since you generally ‘‘get-what-you-pay-for,’’ the best stove is also pretty high priced. Right? A Wrong. Manufacturers suggested Northwest list prices, as tested (as of September 1, 1984) are as follows: Arrow, $1,280; Blaze King, $995; Country Comfort, N/A; Earth Stove, $950; Kent, $879; Lopi, $1,000; Sweet Home, $834; and Vermont Castings, $830. Q So where can | learn more about the Blaze King Catalytics? A We thought you'd never ask. Call 1-800-541-0391, for the name and phone number of the Blaze King factory nearest you. Or write: Blaze King, 3301 East Isaacs, Walla Walla, WA 99362. © O _—_-_eeeeeeee *Stoves tested were: Arrow ATS (catalytic); Blaze King, King Catalytic, KEJ1101; Country Comfort, CC600; Earth Stove, 1000C (catalytic); Kent, Tile Fire; Lopi, 440-T; Sweet Home, Noble Fir; Vermont Castings, Vigilant. 2 = s 5 3 3 8 8 = < S 8 When It Comes To Terms... Now that you have this wealth of technical information, what will you do with it? You might not be able to do much of anything, especially if you have no guide for comprehending what it all means or in what context it rests. That’s why we’ve done some ‘‘Webstering’’ in the following paragraphs...defining and explaining woodstove terminology and how to interpret it...so that you can come to terms with the terms used. And so you can get the most from the data on the facing page. Overall efficiency —|n order to understand overall efficiency, we first need to examine how combustion efficiency and heat transfer efficiency are involved. Combustion efficiency is the percentage of heat actually generated in the firebox, as opposed to the total energy available in the wood. While combustion efficiency tells you how complete- ly the wood is burned during a specific time period, it doesn’t tell you how much of that heat goes toward keeping your home warm. Heat transfer efficiency is the total amount of heat transferred into your home from what is generated in the firebox during combustion. This figure gives you an idea of how well the stove transfers heat from its firebox into the room. It doesn’t tell you how much of that heat is available for transfer in the first place. Neither of these figures give a complete picture of stove effi- ciency. That’s why overall efficiency is important. By multiply- ing combustion efficiency by heat transfer efficiency, we deter- mine overall efficiency, which shows the total percentage of heat the stove throws into your home. A stove with 75 percent overall efficiency will use one third less wood to heat a home than the ‘‘average’’ woodstove, most of which burn at 50 percent efficiency. If you are burning three cords of wood a winter with your ‘‘average’’ woodstove, one of the highly efficient catalytic woodstoves will require only two cords of wood. Tested Btu Range—Btu range as presented here is the stove’s heat output...how low and how high it burned during the Oregon emissions and efficiency testing. These figures might be misleading unless you understand what the Oregon testing method entails. For the low burn figures, Oregon requires a burn at or be/ow 10,000 Btu per hour. The graph shows that out of the eight stoves, six of them burned as required. Most of them will undoubtedly burn lower than that. But the other two stoves could not be adjusted to burn as low as 10,000 Btu per hour. For such stoves, the Oregon testing rules stipulate that the lowest sustainable burn rates must be recorded instead. For the high burn figures, the graph shows the highest heat output recorded during the tests conducted by OMNI. However, during actual home use, this maximum heat output could very significantly due to several factors... First the figures from the Oregon test are an average of a// the heat produced during the entire high burn. More heat could probably be obtained from some of these stoves by refueling every cou- ple of hours. Second, the Oregon test uses a load of two-by-fours or four- by-fours, not cordwood. When filled with cordwood, the high burn Btu rate could be higher or lower. Higher, due to a larger amount of fuel; or lower, if packed so densely that the fire would suffer from oxygen starvation. Emissions—‘‘Pollution’’ more simply describes what stove manufacturers and dealers mean when they talk about emis- sions. Either way, it’s the wasted energy that goes up your chimney as smoke or that forms creosote deposits. Creosote is a by-product of the wood combustion process. It can be a sticky, tar-like substance that clings to the entire chimney system, or a baked-on, shiny coating that is especially difficult to remove. Excessive creosote buildup provides fuel for a chimney fire. After several such chimney fires, the chance of a fatal house fire increases. Obviously the less emissions a stove puts out, the better. Burn time—That’s the number of hours a stove may burn after its firebox has been fully loaded with fuel. Burn times are something to take notice of because the longer a fire will burn, the less often you have to feed it. For the burn time figures, the testing laboratory split Douglas fir into (nearly) uniform pieces, and packed the stoves with wood cut to the maximum length accepted by each firebox. The burn times shown at right are based on the weight of the wooc packed into each stove, calculated, (using a rather complex for- mula) at 10,000 Btu per hour. The calculated burn times reflect not only each stoves efficiency, but the firebox fuel capacity. While no two stoves have the same firebox volume, all stoves were loaded to nearly the same relative density. Due to the near impossibility of loading the stoves identically, OMNI states thi: figure as + 15%. While OMNI put 48 pounds of Douglas fir cordwood in the Blaze King, we have seen more than 60 pounds fit into the firebox. Therefore, the logical assumption is that all the stoves tested may also proportionally hold more wood and thus exhibit longer burn times than on the test reports. The lab adhered to strict and consistent standards in testing each stove. But unless a stove owner exactly duplicates OMNI’s testing proceedure, his stove’s performance may differ. That doesn’t change the fact that Blaze King performed best of all. And you can believe the proof. And Now, A Word From Our Sponsor... Blaze King woodstoves and fireplace inserts are made of welded, heavy-gauge steel and are lined with firebrick. All Blaze King stoves are tested and listed by Underwriters Laboratories in the United States and by Warnock-Hersey in Canada. They are also covered by a five-year limited warranty. Blaze King’s thermostat automatically regulates the intake of combustion air to smooth the naturally uneven cycle of the burning wood. This, in turn, makes operation much easier for you, since there’s no need to continually adjust a manual draft control. Blaze King stoves come with several options, not the least of which is the Jet Air heat transfer system. Two fans at the stove’s back push air through seamless steel tubes under the stove’s top and through the front grills. This convective heat system, combined with the stove’s radiant heat, provides abun- dant warmth and comfort. Blaze King’s timeless design is enhanced by the optional Royal Oak ‘n Brass Trim package. And you may choose from five colors of hand-made ceramic accent pieces. In case you haven’t already noticed, Blaze Kings are also competitively priced; but prices may vary, according to geo- graphical region. FRANCO BELGE SERIES La Forestiere foeD/COAL BOILERS PRICE: $2.00 T<— ZONE 2 FLOW CONTROL 4 VALVES ld “*—— BY PASS VALVE* ZONE | (WATER FEED VALVE) AUTOMATIC PRESSURE REDUCING VALVE 30 PS| ASME PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES (INSTALL CLOSE TO TOP OF FRANCO BELGE BOILER) EXPANSION MAIN (OR SUPPLY) TANK GAUGE L4006B *BY PASS VALVE NORMALLY OPEN VALVE. OPENS ON POWER FAILURE. RETURN CIRCULATORS FRANCO BELGE FORCED HOT WATER PRIMARY BOILER Franco Belge Boiler As Primary Boiler, Typical Piping Schematic 1 — GENERAL DESCRIPTION Franco Belge 93 Series boilers are designed to burn wood or coal. They can accept logs up to 23” in length. Logs are fed into the fire by gravity as logs on the bot- Table |. SPECIFICATIONS Maximum heat output Model 93-27 108,000 Btu/hr Model 93-40 160,000 Btu/hr 06 —.1 tom of the fire box burn down. (See Figure 1.) A thermo- Draft Requirements 06—.1 stat, sensing system water temperature, controls the primary Boiler dimensions: air flow rate. Primary air is introduced at the bottom of Width 28-1/2" 28-1/2" the heat exchanger, ensuring complete combustion. Depth 23-1/2" 30” The heat exchanger is made of boiler plate steel Height 50” 53” with a large surface area assuring efficient heat transfer. Fire box dimensions: A large door at the top of the boiler facilitates cleaning. Width 23" 23" Individual cast-iron grates are easily removable. Depth W" 17-1/2" Height 25-1/2” 29-1/2" 2 — SIZING THE BOILER Fiue outlet All boilers are rated in BTU/hr output and should be diameter 6. Te matched to the heat loss of the building. Refer to Table |, Supply & Return Specifications. Tappings 1-1/4” BSP. 1-1/2" B.S.P. An undersized boiler will not provide adequate heat for Auxilliary tapping Vi BSP. 1“ BSP. the building. An oversized’boiler will produce more heat Drain connection dia. 3/4” B.S.P. 3/4" B.S.P. than is being lost by the building. This could result in over- Capacity of water heating at the boiler and the discharging of excess hot water jacket 21.1 Gal. 26.0 Gal. from the system. An oversized boiler could contribute to Total weight 748 Ibs. 836 Ibs. creosote formation when wood is the fuel because the com- bustion temperature might not become hot enough to burn off the creosote. FLUE CLEANING OUTLET DOOR / AUXILIARY i CONNECTION \ Lit THERMOSTAT \ mn / in / / SYSTEM ‘ot ( [ WATER SUPPLY « Haye " SYSTEM 5 ~ LOADING DOOR con > ee PREHEATING 2 OF RETURN —— q WATER FLOW a | HEAT__ — # | EXCHANGER a | | A SECONDARY __—— Q AIR INLET a : B PRIMARY AIR INLET FLAP DRAIN PLUG—_| I——__ASH PAN DOOR Figure 1. Cross Section Chimney Requirements The chimney provides an escape path for the products of combustion. Hot flue gases leaving the boiler heat the chimney, causing the air in the chimney to become lighter than the outside air and thus rise. This in turn causes air to be drawn into the boiler through the air inlet door, enabling proper combustion. Achimney of proper height, size and construction is therefore essential to the satisfactory performance of the boiler. The flue size must meet the manufacturer's recom- mendations. Refer to Table |, Specifications. Masonry Chimney The chimney must be lined (with tile or metal) , well insulated, and satisfy all local code requirements. If the flue is too large for the boiler, it is recommended that a liner of proper size be installed. The chimney must be high enough to minimize the effects of turbulent winds and high pressure areas common near roof top obstructions. The minimum chimney height for Franco Belge boilers is 15 ft. The chimney should ex- tend at least 3 ft. above the roof and be 2 ft. higher than any obstruction within 10 ft. The chimney must be air- tight and should not be shared with any other boiler equipment or fireplace as per the National Fire Protection Association Code and most local codes. Draft Optimum boiler draft should be between .06 and .1 inches of water. To obtain this requirement, it may be necessary to install a flue stabilizer (draft regulator). The stove pipe from boiler to chimney flue should be the same diameter as the outlet of the boiler. Refer to Table |, Specifications. Any horizontal run of stove pipe should be pitched up- ward 1/4” per running foot so that flue gases can rise. See Figure 2. All stove pipe and elbows must be airtight. The length of stove pipe connecting the boiler to the chimney should be kept as short as possible, keeping with- in local codes. Prefabricated Chimney If there is no existing chimney, a prefabricated twin- wall or triple wall stainless steel insulated flue can be used but must conform to local codes. It is easy to install and is long lasting. Its excellent insulation properties ensure a good draw and will minimize condensation and creosoting. DO NOT USE A SINGLE WALL STOVE PIPE as the chimney. The use of a vent cap where permitted by code gives additional protection against adverse wind con- ditions and precipitation. 3 — INSTALLATION PROCEDURES The installation of Franco Belge 93 Series boilers must be made in accordance with local codes and regulations, and the manufacturer's recommendations. Boiler Room Air Supply To assure safe, efficient operation of the boiler system, PITCH 1/4 INCH PER FRANCO BELGE BOILER BAROMETRIC DAMPER THIS O A DAMPER NOT THIS O A DAMPER Figure 2. Proper Flue To Chimney Connections and to provide adequate combustion air, an iniet for fresh air of at least 50 square inches must be provided. Equipment Inspection Check boiler for shortages or damage upon receipt of shipment. Any discrepancies should be immediately re- ported to distributor or trucking company. Packing List Heat Exchanger Jacket Enclosure (crated separately) including insulation and screws Grates (unassembled) Inclined Grates (unassembied) Draft Door Automatic Thermostat, chain, focxnut draft door arm 30 Ib. Pressure Relive Valve (ASME) Temperature/Pressure Gauge Scraper Tool Poker Tool Ash Pan Positioning of Boiler The 93 Series boilers are heavy. To simplify handling, lighten the load by taking out all the cast-iron grates. Use an appliance caddy or lift to move the boiler into position. Leave enough room for easy access to the various parts for cleaning and stoking, especially the cleanout door at top of the heat exchanger. Boiler must be level. Minimum distances between boiler and combustible material must be adhered to as follows: Top: 24” Back: 12” Sides: 12” Floor should be insulated or non-combustible. Local codes must be observed. 4 — PIPING THE BOILER All Franco Beige boilers must be piped and wired in accordance with Figures 3 through 10. All Franco Belge boiler installations must include a 30 Ib. pressure relief valve and 210°F temperature relief valve. The relief valves must be located in the supply piping as close to the top of the Franco Belge boiler as possible (before flow control or zone valve). Connecting Boiler to An Open Type Gravity Heating System Observe local building codes and practices when hook- ing up to the boiler. The system must be constructed to Prevent pressure build-ups. The use of a temperature relief valve near the boiler is essential. Connect large diameter pipes to upstairs heating units making sure there is a direct flow from boiler to units. You can also connect the pipes to large diameter heat exchanger or water tank above the boiler. In both cases, use an atmos- pheric type expansion tank to maintain atmospheric pres- sure levels. Refer to Figure 10. Connecting Boiler to Closed Type Pressurized Heating System The system must be constructed to permit even tempera- tures between the Franco Belge boiler and existing boiler. Piping and zoning arrangement must allow for gravity flow in event of power failure or inoperative circulator. See Figures 4 and 6. NOTE: Do not connect into the system with relief valve rated higher than 30 psi. SYSTEM WATER SUPPLY AUXILIARY FLUE TAPPING SYSTEM WATER RETURN 43 37 DRAIN CONNECTION 6 1/2" REAR VIEW 93-27 AUXILIARY FLUE TAPPING (7"D1A) pel SUPPLY 0 ' , ll 6 . \ I 1 SYSTEM | he WATER | 53172 RETURN | 47 1/2" 47" 40" | | DRAIN \CONNECTION | tin “3g 61/2" +s Poa REAR VIEW 93-40 Figure 3. Boiler Dimensions EXPANSION RETURN Malia LINES CIRCULATING LOOP 30 PSI PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE (INSTALL CLOSE TO TOP OF FRANCO BELGE BOILER) ZONE | GAUGE BYPASS 30 PSI PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE (BY OTHERS) 40068 ya ZONE 2 N.0.2 NOTE: ZONE VALVES } circuLators NORMALLY CLOSED RETURN RETURN FRANCO BELGE EXISTING BOILER BOILER Figure 4. Forced Hot Water With Zone Valves, Piping Schematic | THERMOSTAT | THERMOSTAT a ee Se eee ey -------- to L40068 SET AT 140°F 110 TO 24 VOLT TRANSFORMER ~—~a, VALVE, 10 vor {To CIRCULATOR LEGEND: ---— 24v lov CIRCULATOR LOOP Figure 5. Forced Hot Water With Zone Valves, Wiring Diagram ——_———— EC .DOOOOSRrii plow qua ZONE 2 CONTROL Cie VALVES | ZONE | CIRCULATING LOOP 30 PSI PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE (INSTALL CLOSE TO TOP OF FRANCO BELGE BOILER) _ <«—_—_™.} MAIN (OR SUPPLY) GAUGE Y.ago6e a a 16006 EXPANSION TANK “~~ 30 La PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE (BY OTHERS) BYPASS VALVE* * BYPASS VALVE NORMALLY OPEN VALVE. OPENS ON POWER FAILURE. L6006 - CONTROL FOR CIRCULATING LOOP. WILL NOT LET ZONE CIRCULATOR OPERATE WHEN LOOP CIRCULATOR 1S OPERATING. RETURN RETURN FRANCO BELGE EXISTING (PRIMARY BOILER) BOILER CIRCULATORS Figure 6. Forced Hot Water Zoning With Circulators, Piping Schematic r------- \ (N.0.) \ r----- HO TO 24 VOLT STEPDOWN TRANSFORMER ne TO BE USED WITH enn a ------------ 4 24 VOLT BY PASS VALVE | Fa a as a al cs 1 ly | ly | 1/4 | It | ly | I | aa vor _! | | THERMOSTAT | R-COM +- W-N.O ae = mm“ L aap FUSE SWITCH L6006 LL 6006 SWITCHING LOOP ZONE RW -MAKES ON TEMP RISE CIRCULATOR LEGEND RB -BREAKS ON TEMP RISE .40068 ar cl ons 2. ALL NUMBERS ARE FOR HONEYWELL CONTROLS ov. 3. USE CONTROLS SHOWN OR EQUAL Figure 7, Forced Hot Water Zoning With Circulators, Wiring Diagram DOMESTIC HOT WATER J DOMESTIC COLD WATER HEAT SINK ZONE RADIATOR EXPANSION TEMP. GAUGE RETURN AIR OUCT BALANCING PRESSURE GAUGE VALVE | VALVE Y NS —+—|__sLower O MOTOR RETURN OPTIONAL Y CIRCULATORS FRANCO BELGE HOT WATER BOILER TANK WITH INTERNAL COIL Figure 8. Forced Hot Water Utilizing Existing Warm Air Furnace, Piping Diagram 24 VOLT BY PASS THERMOSTAT VALVE pr---- | | | | == = tad LHO64 FAN LIMIT ° L4006B ° ul I L2 SWITCH TO CLOSE OIL BURNER BLOWER MOTOR ————— LEGEND: CIRCULATORS —-—— 24v TO llov BURNER Figure 9. Forced Hot Water Utilizing Existing Warm Air Furnace, Wiring Diagram 5 — ASSEMBLING THE BOILER ROOF iy Boiler Jacket Installation Cut insulation to fit each panel. Cut away insulation DRAIN over secondary air inlet on each side panel. Fasten rear \ OPEN panei to side panel with screws provided. Install top, front <a— EXPANSION and lower front panels to side with push clips. TANK Positioning The Grates Place transverse support rod (Figure 11) in slots on each side of the fire box. Fit grates (Figure 12) on either side of the support rods (Figure 13) to fixed supports on front and back of the fire box. [aed seas es Assembling and Installing Thermostat Mount the thermostat into the threaded tapping (Fig- ure 14) in the top left-hand corner of the boiler. Use a sealant to make the joint water tight. Take care not to a eeeune <— GAUGE damage the thread by overtightening. Make sure on the ae oO final tightening that the white guide mark on the body of the thermostat faces upward. (Don’t confuse it with the white mark on the knob.) RETURN FRANCO BELGE BOILER ke Figure 10. Open System, Piping Schematic Figure 13. Fire Grate Being Installed Figure 11. Transverse Support Rod Figure 12. Fire Grate Figure 14. Themostat In Threaded Tapping 10 Slide the thermostat arm (Figure 15) into position from left to right. The longer part of the arm should project forward. Use the hexagonal screw (Figure 16) to hoid the arm in place. NOTE: Some thermostat models have a wooden plug in the hole where the thermostat arm is to be inserted. Do not remove the plug before inserting the thermostat arm. Press the thermostat arm into the hole gradually pushing out the wooden plug. Screw the right angle extension arm (Figure 17) into the draft door. Connect the chain from the thermostat to this arm. The thermostatic control can be fine tuned with adjustments of the arm and chain when the boiler is lit. Figure 16. Hexagonal Set Screw Figure 17. Installing Draft Door Arm 6 — BEFORE LIGHTING BOILER After the boiler has been installed, the water system should be tested in the following manner: a. Fill boiler and bleed radiators. Air must be com- pletely bled for proper system operation. b. Visually check for leaks. Do not mistake condensation for leak. Inspect the fire box to ensure the proper positioning of grates (Figure 18). Make sure smoke pipe is sealed tight. Figure 18. Proper Position of Grates 7 — LIGHTING THE BOILER Light the fire using ordinary kindling. Open ash pan door to get a good draft for the fire. (only on initial or cold start up). (See Figure 19.) When the boiler is fired, some condensation may collect in the heat exchanger. Therefore. do not operate the central heating circulating pump until the boiler has warmed up Once the fire is burning well. stoke up with fuel. close the ash pan door and allow the automatic thermostat to control the fire. When the boiler is working satisfactorily and the return water is warm adjust the thermostat. Figure 19. Ash Pan Door Open 8 — ADJUSTING THE THERMOSTAT Observe the water temperature rise using the supplied temperature pressure gauge. Turn the head of the thermo- stat so that the figure which corresponds with the tempera- ture of the water is directly above the white mark. Shorten the chain connecting the thermostat arm so that the air inlet flap is just closed. When the water temperature fails, the thermostat arm will rise and open the air inlet flap to increase the air flow. When the required temperature is reached, the thermo- stat will close the inlet flap and damp down the fire. NOTE: Some thermostats are calibrated with centigrade temperature markings. For these thermostats, refer to Table !! for Fahrenheit (°F) equivalents. Table Il. TEMPERATURE EQUIVALENTS: Fe ° 100 38 110 43 120 49 130 54 140 60 150 66 160 71 170 77 180 82 190 88 200 93 212 100 , 9 — RECOMMENDED FUELS Wood Well-seasoned and dry wood are of paramount import- ance. By well-seasoned we mean at least one year old and preferably more than two years old. By dry we mean wood that has been under cover for at least three months before using. The performance of the boiler is directly propor- tional to the age and dryness of the wood. Coal Stove coal and nut size coal are recommended. Coals which disintegrate in heat or those producing a large amount of ash are not recommended. 10 — OPERATING THE BOILER When Stoking the Fire and/or Loading with Fuel Close the air inlet flap controlled by the thermostat. To avoid excess smoking, open the loading door just a crack for a few seconds, then open all the way. When burning wood, check that logs feed freely, then shake down with the poker. For Overnight Burning Shake down the ashes in the fire box with poker. stoke the fire well and make sure that ash pan door is firmly closed. Set the automatic thermostat to a low temperature. In the Morning. Shake down the ashes until small pieces of burning fuel drop through the grate. Stoke the fire and set the auto- matic thermostat control to the required temperature. 11 — MAINTAINING THE BOILER Visually check for soot and creosote build-up on the heat exchanger. Soot and creosote build-up can pit the walls of the fire box and shorten life of the boiler, as well as reduce its heating efficiency. A lower heat output may indicate that cleaning is necessary. All water jacketing sur- faces should be checked and, if necessary, scraped clean once a week. If continually burning wood, it is advisable once a week to burn coal, because this will raise the tem- perature of combustion gases and burn off creosote deposits which would otherwise collect on the water jacket. Table III. TROUBLESHOOTING THE INSTALLATION Symptom Fuel burns badly and goes out, smokey fire, slow water temperature rise Poorly seasoned wood Fire burns too fiercely, clinkers in firebox Primary air inlet not airtight Rapid water temperature rise but radiators do not heat adequately Condensation persists 24 hours after lighting fire Poor heat transfer to system water exchanger Wood contains too much moisture Probable Cause Inadequate chimney draft Too much chimney draft Air pocket in water lines Return water temperature too low Creosote/tar build up on heat Remedy Check to see if chimney draft is within limits for boiler. Refer to Table |, Specifications. Use drier, well-seasoned wood. Install draft regulator in chimney flue Check air tightness of primary air inlet. Bleed system at each radiator Raise water temperature Scrape heat exchanger surfaces clean Use drier, well-seasoned wood 11 FRANCO BELGE better heating naturally FRANCO BELGE FOUNDRIES OF AMERICA, INC. 45 COLUMBUS CIRCLE, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10023 THEASHLEY WOODICOAL | FURNACE a Model CWF200 The right heatin re aes 4 for todayand tomorrow! — The Ashley Model CWF200- cient central wood /coal furnace for whole-home heating! an e Because it has been made airtight for pre- cise control over the rate of combustion, the Ashley Wood/Coal Furnace can provide up to 12 hours of even, econo- mical, thermostatically controlled heat on a single fueling. Ashley quality con- struction means better performance, longer life, and greater savings in the long run. We build to the highest stan- dards of excellence, with value features like these: 0 Combustion chamber of 18 Ga. steel, continuously welded © Cast-iron shaker grate for coal or wood burning O Cast-iron baffles 0 Cast-iron liner above firebrick © 2300? firebrick at charcoal level CZ 10 secondary heating tubes for more heat transfer O Thermostatically controlled combus- tion air blower 0 UL Certified, your assurance of safe operation Flue-8 inches Hot Air Duct ® LISTED Cold Air Duct: Capacity PiU eel pele eters 170,000 Qurput sets ee en 100,000 Weight of wood, ..........-. 175 lbs. maximum load Weight of coal,............5- 100 lbs. maximum load Maximum length of wood........ 30” Electrical VON ole tees cadet 120 Je 3 ee 7.1 Frequency ....... 60 Hz, single phase Clearances Front loading feed... ... 48” minimum Rear blower end ......- 18” minimum Sides 2.5... Bn B.S 6” minimum Chimney connector ... . 18” minimum Furnace Tet ee duet 45” a2 ee 27” CWF200 Height). ccc. ees ot 492” Weight: f.55...0....-21.405% 550 lbs. Firebox capacity........... 9.0 cu. ft. Blower System eerie a ste asec acted thle toto tal 17” Vi fe ed dd ete ale 245%” a ae ee er 31%” We 0... es 65 lbs. Oe ee 1450 IMYROE 5 5 Se epee occ et gc ows ¥3 HP permanent split capacitor Fret = eens as ee 10”x20” Controls Remote wall thermostat. ....... 24 Volt Vent 3.8 shiets 3 ees Os es 8" dia, SINCE 1905 AMERICA'S FAVORITE HOUSE-WARMER P.O. Box 128, Florence, Alabama 35631. Form CWF585-30M P Plus first look -*ar@ler the hoods "80 CHEVY CITATION: a vanes cheer! -; PM TESTS 6 NEW - COMPACT STEREOS: iy Better than you thught possible « ELECTRIC CARS YOU ’ CAN BUY RIGHT NOW - Chain-saw expert _, shows how to make _| the toughest cuts “<@22GREAM TOOLS — '. CRAFTSMAN When your car “1 becomes a NA L, oe /% “1 How toesca SA ae / naan ees GAS-OIL*ELECTRICITY*:WOOD-COAL Th NEW FURNACE WN HAT=SENS'S pUe! S / | 3B w: Muitiiuei heaters 3 by Joseph R. Provey ASSISTANT HOME AND SHOP EDITOR “ © you mean to tell me that those things really exist?” That’s what most people say when they’re told about multifuel central heaters. Such heaters not only exist, i n n iler.: n but they exist in a proliferation of Versatile new furnaces and boilers cai qelignn thal are benuided by tice burn oil, gas, wood or coal—whichever makers with a barrage of claims. fuel is most economical at the moment. This article will help put multifuel units in perspective for the reader who is thinking about buying one. a= FROM RADIATION pais ]—— rei wale) ~~ ee eh a a a HOT WATER OVERHEAT CONTROL ee iF = BS os H SAE aa Oke WATER CONTROL plo cured ene Uns 7] felts | i COLD WATER supPLY—— a i if eyo Fa fi } DRAFT H REGULATOR i } SOLID FUEL LOADING DOOR Beda) COIL FOR pie] Saale} iON MAN ais ie] Sey a ala DRAFT CONTROL BOILER Es Taare . g é ‘ . . } FLAP DAMPER, WwooL , Saas y : Dp ese ie T waa le] - ; 3 LP | j ol ada eas i 4 GASES AROUND: : Caan OIL (OR GAS) ; a y COMBUSTION - = : a P 3 SOLID FUEL @ gE elas) = : i i Shall x: i Ae = 2 Set 7 rela \ s | { ome q | i i 7 anasehae > i e r eae fi poor i LCA arel Lal DRAFT CONTROL ELECTRIC HEATING eee Las eUalal a4 TAPPINGS TO ACCEPT HEATING [8 DESIRED) ING OIL BURNER (GAS BURNER CAN BE USED OVERALL DIMENSIONS: e 7 INSTEAD) GAS BURNER CAN BE USED 30° DEEP x 40” WIDE IN PLACE OF OIL BURNER pa CL Rea eb de) 5 eee y Installation of boiler jacket and mounting of doors and components can be done by homeowner to cut installation cost. Before flue pipe was passed through wall, thimble was mortared in place. Then flue pipe was inserted and the joint sealed. Flue pipe sections were fastened at all joints with sheet-metal screws to keep them from separating due to vibration. Oil feed line to burner was protected by slipping old garden hose (slit on one side; see inset) over the exposed tubing. access to basement, condition and size of my chimney flue, and the size of area where the unit was to be in- stalled. I had to be sure I could get the unit into my basement without removing a wall or floor section, that my chimney was the right size, in good repair and tile-lined, and that there was adequate space for recom- Connecting overheat master hot-water control (B) normally re- quires skill of a professional. control (A) and Air purger, valves and copper pipes were plumbed and soldered according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Circulator pump (A) on return line operates constantly during heating season. Auto mix valve (B) feeds more—or less—hot wa- ter from boiler to radiators, depending on house thermostat’s call for heat. See text for the advantages of this system. mended clearances. Once satisfied, I visited my local building depart- ment to get a heating permit. Working with this department was particularly important because currently no multifuel units have completed testing at the UL labs in Cleveland. Most units have been Boiler maintenance If you are accustomed to low-mainte- nance fuels like gas or oil, be aware that alternative fuels (coal and espe- cially wood) will demand more of your attention. Chimneys, for instance, must be cleaned once a year. The stovepipe between the boiler and the chimney must be removed and in- spected for corrosion, creosote and soot at least twice during a heating season. The oil or gas burner should be adjusted, and the burner firebox cleaned, once a year. Cleaning of the inside boiler walls and flue passages must be done at least every two months during the heating season. Otherwise, a buildup of creosote will slow heat transfer to the boiler water. Heeding the maker's maintenance schedule is critical to an efficient, safe multifuel system.—v. P. Ash scoop is used for emptying. Ashes should be removed before they touch grates and restrict airflow. Wire flue brush and long-handle scraper were provided with unit for cleaning cre- osote from inside boiler. Meter reads 23-percent moisture con- tent in logs seasoned for 10 months— slightly high for clean burning. tested by other labs, however, nota- bly the Energy Test Lab in Port- land, Me. The inspector was able to tell me if the unit I was considering had met with the approval of the re- view board in my home state (Con- necticut). Codes vary from state to state and even from city to city. A few city codes have not approved multifuel units, so check before you buy. Don’t chance an illegal installation—it may lower the resale value of your home. And if you should have a fire, the insurance adjuster will be the first person to find out if you had a valid heating permit. When it came to actual installa- tion, I was pleased to find that Tek- ton corp., distributor of HS TARM boilers, encourages homeowners to participate. Depending on the deal- er, you can assemble or trim out the unit yourself and save part of the in- stallation cost ($400 to $1000 de- pending on where you live). I chose to work with a topnotch crew of pro- fessional installers and found this gave me invaluable knowledge of the unit. In my opinion, connecting the electric controls, circulating pump and valves is best left to licensed professionals familiar with your unit—unless you are blessed with plenty of time, can acquire a good in- stallation manual and have a back- ground in plumbing and electrical work. Differences and advantages Since solid-fuel burning is inher- ently different from burning gas or oil, the heat distribution and safety systems we chose are more sophisti- eated than conventional systems. Our installation utilizes a mixing valve and a circulator which runs continuously—instead of a typical hydronic system that periodically circulates fairly high-temperature water. The four-way mixing valve adds more or less return water to the supply being pumped to the radi- ators and is controlled by the house thermostat. Aside from using heat more efficiently and eliminating costly short cycling of the oil burner, other advantages you will obtain through continuous circulation in- clude: ® Longer boiler life due to elimina- tion of thermal shock to the boiler caused by surges of cold return water every time the circulator is started. @ Longer circulator life, since most wear in circulators occurs during motor start-up. m@ A quieter house during the heat- ing season. m= A more comfortable house since the heat is more even. Continuous circulation of water to radiators also acts as a safety fea- ture for our wood-fired hot-water heating system. Since the wood fire is always generating heat (it can’t be turned off like my old oil burner), the system will dispose of the heat efficiently. In a conventional sys- tem, there is a greater possibility of boiler overheat (when there is no cir- culation) and creosote formation (caused by the fire burning too slow- ly between sporadic calls for heat). Other safety features on our unit include a high-temperature over- heat control which causes over- heated boiler water to circulate to radiators—even if there is no call from the house thermostat. Both the domestic hot-water coil and the boiler have pressure-relief valves piped down to near the floor or to a drain. A backflow preventer was in- stalled on the feed line to the boiler to prevent the contaminated water in the heat distribution loop from entering the domestic water sup- ply. In a power failure Even with the electricity off, my multifuel boiler will keep our house warm. When an outage occurs, a spe- cial solenoid valve opens and allows hot boiler water to gravity-feed to the radiators, bypassing the check valve. The fire during such an out- age would have to be fueled careful- ly and in moderation to prevent overheating the boiler. The auto- matic draft regulator will continue to control the tire even without elec- tricity. The answer: renewable fuels The increasing frequency of oil and gas shortages will inevitably force us to depend on safe, renew- able energy sources instead of non- renewable and species-endangering ones. During the transition, a smart homeowner will leave as many op- tions as possible open—a multifuel boiler or furnace fills the bill. PM | (413) 369-4367. SPECIFICATIONS—HS TARM OT-35S BOILER Construction: Heavy steel plate with insulated, baked-enamel steel jacket Gross output: 140,000 B.T.U/hr. (oil); 112,000 B.T.U./hr. (wood) Maximum hot-water output: 2.8 gal./min Maximum wood length: 20 in. Weight (boiler with jacket): 1089 Ibs. Minimum flue size: 8x8 in. (Class A chimney) Minimum chimney height: 20 ft Distributor: Tekton Corp.. Box 77, Conway, Mass. 01341 Average installed price: $3400. A LOOK AT THE MANUFACTURER HS TARM is the largest boiler manufacture) in Denmark and a leading supplier of quality central heating systems throughout Europe and the United States. The factory, in Tarm, Denmark, has been involved in the design, engineering, and production of hydronic (hot water) central heating boilers since 1929. Today, HS TARM manufactures a complete line of wood/coal boilers ranging from compact add-ons to multifuels. There are 15 different models, including the all new 400 Series and 500 Series (shown above) which feature firetube heat exchangers, 2 separate fireboxes, and maximum heating efficiency. HS TARM boilers carry a 20-Year LIMITED WARRANTY, plus: e Unique baseburning operation Fully-insulated, enamelied outside jacket eindustrial quality steel-plate constructing: eHigh water volume Optional coil for FREE domestic hot water eHeavy-duty cast-iron grates and doors For more information, contact the © exclusive HS TARM importer, Tekton Corporation Box 99-R, Conway, MA 01341. Reprinted by Permission of Popular Mechanics Magazine, ©1979 The Hearst Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Popular Mechanics is a Publication of Hearst Magazines, a Division of The Hearst Corporation. TARM 500 “"O O MW PRN a idea Scientific desig: quality construction ensure Pee toeost eae a eno lie @]) Handsome New Cabinet Styling featuring rich Imperial Brown color, attractive silvertone grill and® wood-tone accents: ae Gl Die Formed Double. Wall Cabinet: Door remains rigid and cool to the: touch. Positive latch ensures accurate fit and prevents accidental opening: : i Lift-up Top safely locks im up position: for emergency cooking or food: warming: “ Automatic Thermostat Dam; controlled by: a highly sensitive bi- metal helix coil regulates. the amount. of combustion air needed to maintain: the-comfort level you select. & Patented Downdraft System oes eeeeeeeten tects cpeeeceee the et eee Rae ea eeesees complete:combustion of wood gases for greater efficiency: {&] Cold-rolled Steel Seam-Welded Firebox withstands higher surface temperatures; minimizes possibility of air leaks by providinga continuous welded bond of metal to metal. Cast-iron Firebox Liners: are used for years of dependability and: maxi- mum heat transfer: () Cast-irom Grates are of extra heavy ribbed con- struction: designed for years of hard use. & Cast-irom Rotating, Duplex Shaker Grate for Model 7150F allows fueling: with either coal or wood. Model 7150F also has cast-iron brick retainers for combustion chamber’ rigidity and longevity. fi Cast-irom Flue Collar provides maximum protection.at the point of greatest heat (not visible). {i} Cast-irom Feed and Ash: Doors: and Frames resist warping due to high temperatures and provide posi- tive alignment. [2] New Synthetic Rope Gaskets. provide-an airtight seal between feed and ash doors and frames: &} Combustion Air Vent prevents: smoke and flame flashback when the: Sed coos = Spenee [4] Automatic Secondary Air \tntake-admits additional oxygen when’ the fire is low, thereby increasing . the burning rate:and minimizing-the formation. of creosote( not visible). & Weod Handles. om Feed and Ash Doors. assure the “hand-cool” operation that UL Listing requires. td Enlarged Ash Pam offers the con- venience of less frequent ash removal. How the Ashley patented. Downdraft System works. The primary air for combustion is regu- lated by means of a thermostatically controlled damper: It is drawn down the draft tube, preheated; and then distributed internally at two levels, above and below the fire. Air introduced above the fire: burns excess wood gases and minimizes the formation of creosote in the flue- This patented design serves three basic purposes: I. Promotes even burning along the: entire length of the firebox. 2. Eliminates hot spots which cause burnouts: 3, Increases efficiency and reduces creosote formation by burning off wood gases that would go unburned in other heaters. Seneieenaas cere BOT thd SN ur paung #8S-WOSDY “ON WHO4 1g9SE TW ‘U20]4 E71 Xd “Od Auedwio> sareayy Aapysy ay SNOP] a3120av, pau], Set “ae reason is that, at Ashley, we strive vonstantly for improvement. ‘Not just change, but genuine improvement. It was Ashley that introduced automatic wood heating to American homes, and Ashley that patented the thermostati- Ally.controlled downdraft:system which ‘has become the industry »stand- ard. Improvements inthis year’s models include :new:styling:onour popular con- soles, with:a richer brown finish and handsome silvertone grill. What's more, Ashley circulators arenow UL Listed, your assurance.of-safety. Another-reason we're number-one is that we haven't surrendered to rising costs by substituting inferior, less ex- pensive materials. We use cast iron.as extensively today.as we did generations ago because itis best...durableand ~warp-resistant, even under extreme temperatures. An Ashley isa reassuring link with the-past when quality and integrity were words to live by, as Ashley lives by them today. Seecereee Ree Identical m appearance to the C-60G, the '71SOF has a spe- cial grate:amd firebrick linings that-enable-it to-bum either coal or wood. “The Ashley Deluxe Imperial ‘Model:‘C-60G Anew, improved version of our popular Model C-60G, the standard bearer-of ‘the Ashley line for generations. Major improvements include new synthetic rope gaskets for an airtight seal between feed and ash doors,and frames; die- ~Ajisea syyeqsur 3] “uondums uod Janz SuIsvaisap spryAt Jay UIA9 BIOU! SaplA id. yeszaa ‘gaze InoA wi suondedsu) uoNeTjEIsuT pue a cae TS q — SLOSS ICT A RII Fe ae Ne Maa PPO .22M01g INVLYOd Supemag yeseatuy) yeuondg we, ie ‘UdH $7 *ae]]OD any 219 pe sop omy spon TAL OL Tem 8L PPO ase Sata See ee caauner 74s aagno SUOISUSUT(] UORETTE}SUT WNWwTUT : aC More ei Sts yeans panjq anes seen s+ SF s+ (suooy =y) 329} 21gNdC°5 Jo AI SS 7B) © SEY XOGY ,24 £7 “Sa TE “Sq 821 SGT ZeZ SUB Bauddas: @YJ -AduaIsyya Jo saidap abe w£E sAbT. << FaIeQ IO wane sry e YM suI00I a8eI0 , ReeeH av 2ay03.dn syeay Jey) fin ce Goce ceemimnn — SUHpom Aono ay ee es WAHSZ PPOW BeIqunjoD Aerysy . aon *BuqyjAys wey) we} PRORAEL STINET MOET sor Pe -aodun azow aze Auou099 pur 33071103 ‘Bupeay sraym “939 “sdurpying AqTBN “suiged “sauioy 10} yeapl st3] “uO erado Jestwouosa *jualagye VWs sy) _ Siaal]ep Pur sfspour Bosuo? ay se wa) _ «84s 3yeapumop payjos3u0d Ayyese}s0UI aay) pasuased oures.oy) ‘sey 310n Sty] aaqeayy Awou0lq Sone ay], formed doors and door-openings and hrebox top.and bottom; anda cold- rolled steel :seam-welded firebox to with- ‘stand higher surface temperatures and eliminate the possibility of air leaks. ‘New styling enhances the Imperial’s vappearance. Special features of the Ashley (C-60G include.a:new downdraft air dis- tribution system ‘that provides air through the ‘fuel bed.as -well.as:second- ary air to ‘burn off wood gases, thereby producing more ‘heat:and less creosote. ‘The louvered top of the cabinet is hinged and locks in the “up” ‘position for:emergency cooking. Model '7150F Combination Coal and Wood Heater. Similar iin appearance and features to Model C-60G, Model '7150F is equipped with a cast-iron, ‘rotating du- plex shaker grate and firebox linings of thick ‘frebrick, enabling it to burn both scoal.and wood. All Circulators (usta) eh dle li FOUNDRIES ALIDOR CLAEYS PV&A 06.08.1985 RUDDERVOORDSESTRAAT 38 8-8210 ZEDELGEM / BELGIUM. TEL : O50 / 20 99 94 - V.A.LT.N® 405.170.780 ee ee ee ee ee PRICE-LIST OF THE AC-STOVES. BSSSSSseSsseSSSSe SS SSSe SS Sse SSeS SseeseseSeseeseeseeqesesqeqessqssqqqqsqeqeqeqrceze== TYPE PRICE US $ AC-SURT with glass-panel | 317 AC=SURT without glass-panel 299 AC-YMIR with glass-panel 405 AC-YMIR without glass-panel 387 AC-YMIR 2 with 2 doors 440 AC-YMIR 2 with sculptured door 466 AC-YMIR 3 with three doors 458 AC=-YMIR 3 with sculptured doors 4A4 “AC-80ERT with glass-panel 462 AC-80ERI without glass-panel Guo AC-80ERI 2 with 2 doors | 497 AC-d30ERI 2 with sculptured door 523 AC-a0ERI 3 with 3 doors 515 AC-8OERI 3 with sculptured doors 541 AC-80R with glass-panel 410 AC-80R without glass-panel 392 AC-ODIN with glass-panel 480 AC-ODIN -without glass-panel 462 AC-WODAN with glass-panel 4A4 AC-WCDAN without glass-panel 466 AC=THOR with glass-panel 493 AC-THOR without glass-panel 475 The above price includes the delivery of a stove + hook + scraper. When using coals as cimbustible, the stove should be equiped with a grate and an ash-pan, of which you find the prices here below. EXTRA : ASH=-PAN 13 GRATE 37 HOOK 2 SCRAPER 3 GLASS=PANEL Bi DECORATED GROUND PLATE - AC 1101 74 (975 x 480 x 20 M/M - 24 KG) eee PRICES EX V.A.T. eee These prices are based on the actual rate SFR/US $ and can be changed if any substantial Fluctuation takes Place. a caoeTd saxey uoTzengonTy TeTyueysqns Aue Jt Pabueys ay ued pue ¢ Sn/Yy4A ayer Ten39e aya uo paseg ase saotid asauyy —————_———————_—eee el°we AN XZ3 S30Ikd eens *aoTId STY UT PapnNTouT ase gaderzos pue yOoH SLL 3884 pue ajetd Gutyo09 ‘f‘zoop 4 yatm oara ——————— ( II 8 I yysy a + Q 3dAL II 8 I WIA rs WOOH 3HI4 ABW nh uiSh B VSIA yOs YSWNNe-TWoo 6 wJD5NYB PLatUSy LN3WYNYD > WHLX3 cAay Pue ued-yse ‘ajef sapntouy aotad anoge ayy eb + cwo OL 3884 UTM ITT + I yWsY 2Lh 3884 ynoyytm - szoop Z yyTm II yysy Onn 38a3 ynoygTm - JOOP L yytm I yysy 22h 3884 YZTM - SIOOP Z Yqtm II sniuv 804 93884, Y3TM = JOOP | Yyytm I sniuv eb + ew OL 38a YITM TI + I WIA Zen 94a4 9NOYATM = sroop Z yQTm II wOIA 404 938a4 yMNoYygTM - zZoOOp | yatm I WOIA 6eC 9884 UJTM = SzoOp 2 Yygtm II SIQDIA SLE 9884 YUZTM - coop 4 Yygtm I SIQSIA $ SN 3DIud adAL OGIO - YHSy - SNikv - WOIN - SIGSIA + S3ADLS-Ov BHL 4O LE11-39Iud DGL°OLL°SOh oN*L HN "6 66 O02 / OSD * 131 WNI5138 / W391303Z Ol2e-8 Be LYyy1S3S0u0 ONY3Z00NY cse6l°s0°sD vBNd SAID YOGIIv S3lYyaNNOS FOUNDRIES ALIDOR CLAEYS PVBA 06.08.1985 RUDDERVOORDSESTRAAT 38 8-8210 ZEDELGEM / WELGIUM TEL : O50 / 20 99 94 - V.A.T.N® 405.170.780 SSeressssseSesseeSeseSsseeSeseSe Se Se SSeS SS SS SSS SSSSSqSsSSeeseseqqqqeqqeqqz= PRICE-LIST OF THE AC-STOVES. Ses SseseesesesSeseeSe2SSSs2eSS See SSeSeeseess2ee2esessreeeeses2eeseeseoeeqsqqqqqaza= TYPE ‘PRICE US $ FRIGG 1 Wood stove 655 FRIGG 2 Coal stove 684 FRIGG 3 Coal stove with coal-bunker 721 DIE SCONE 1 Wood stave 600 OIE SCONE 2 Coal stove 827 DIE SCONE 3 Coal stove with coal-bunker 862 EXTRA : A/ COAL=GRATE 38 8/ COAL-BUNKER 38 C/ THERMOSTAT 25 PRICES EX V.A.T.o These prices are based on the actual rate SFR/US $ and can be changed if any substantial fluctuation takes place. FOUNDRIES ALIDOR CLAEYS PVBA 06.08.1985 RUDDERVUURDSESTRAAT 38 : d-8210 ZEDELGEM / SELGIUM TEL : O50 / 20 99 94 V.AeT.N® 405.170.780 PRICE-LIST OF THE AC-STOVES TYPE PRICE US $ KRONOS-YMIR with glass-panel 646 KRONOS=YMIR without glass-panel 628 KRONOS-YMIR 2 with two doors . 682 KRONOS-YMIR 2 with sculptured door 708 KRONOS-YMIR 3 with 3 doors 700 KRONOS-YMIR 3 with sculptured doors 726 The above price includes the delivery of a stove + hook + scraper. when using coals as combustible, the stove should be equiped with a grate, and an ash-pan of which you find the prices here below. EXTRA : ASH=-PAN 13 GRATE 37 SCRAPER uo 3 HOOK 2 GLASS-PANEL 19 Decorated ground plate = Ht 1101 74 (975 x 480 x 20 M/M. = 24 KG) PRICES EX V.A.T. These prices are based on the actual rate 8FR/US $ and can be change if any substantial fluctuation takes place. FOUNORIES ALIDOR CLAEYS PVBA 06.08.1985 RUDDERVOURDSESTRAAT . 38 d-8210 ZEDELGEM / dELGIUM TEL : O50 / 20 99 94 VeAeTeN® 405.170.780 PRICE-LIST AC-STOVES (BUILT-IN TYPES) TYPE PRICE us $ PARNASS - N 528 PARNASS = TURBO 668 ILIA - N 528 ILIA - TURBO 668 Extra for Ilia-ornament + 18 Extra Parnass frame-uwork (550 x 95 x 15) + +1 Extra Ilia frame-work (610 x 35 x 15) + v1 PRICE AC CONVECTION STOVES (COAL) - TYPE PRICE uS $ IRIS 560 NIOQ8E-painted 598 NIOBE-enameled 739 TYPES WITH THE POSSIBILITY TO SE CONNECTED WITH THE CENTRAL HEATING IRIS 932 NIOBE-painted 967 NIOBE-Enameled 1.108 PRICES EX V.A.T. These prices are based on the actual rate 4FR/US $ and can he changed if any substantial fluctuation takes place. FOUNDRIES ALIDOR CLAEYS PVaA 06.08.1985 RUDDERVOORDESTRAAT 38 3-8210 ZEDELGEM / BELGIUM TEL : O50 / 20 99 94 - V.A.T.N®? 405.170.780 SSSSSSSSSSSSeSsSsessSSSeS SSeS SssqeeeeSeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeSe2eeeeeeee==== PRICE*LIST OF THE AC-STOVES - DONAR BeSsssssesessseesseeeeeeee55552555525555555252525e5225555252222==2== TYPE PRICE uS $ OONAR = R with 1 door "498 ODONAR - R with sculptured door 524 DONAR = R with 2 doors 515 OONAR = R with 2 sculptured doors 542 with feet 10 cm. + 18 Grate, ash-pan, key and fire-hook are included in the above prices, EXTRA =: TYPE D + 18 ———eeeeSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS PRICES EX V.A.T. en These prices are based on the actual rate UFR/US $ and can be changed if any substantial fluctation takes place. GIETERIJEN - FONDERIES ALIDOR CLAEYS PV.BA. - SPRL. ; | real <6 5S! Ruddervoordsestraat 40 ; B 8210 ZEDELGEM (Belgium) | Smeedbaar, mekanisch, perlitisch en speciaal gletijzer — Fittings «AC» — Sanitaire artikelen — Pompen en hydrofoorgroepen — Hout- en kolenkachels Fontes malléables, mécaniques, perlitiques et spéciales — accords «AC» — Articles sanitaires — Pompes et groupes hydrophores — Poéles a bois et & charbon Onze/Notre ref. LC/CM 1035/85 Uw/Votre ref. p. 6/8/85 . Mir. Markku WARRAS Indus:rial Secretary Embassy of Finland Industrial section Louizalaan, 48S, 1050 dRUSSEL. Dear Sir, Refering to your letter of the 1U/7/85, your Ref. N°.3rts 2U9, we give you with this following infarmations a) The stoves are made and designed by our services. b) we have no representatives in the U.u.A. c) We join here the catalogues of our stoves. d) We join the netto-price list in US dollars, ex works. e) Out of stock. f) some of our stoves are approved by the german services. aincerely, yours, F; ; TEL. (050) 20 99 94 - H.R.O. - R.C.O. 18.276 - BTW - TVA 405 170 780 Bout- en Kolenkachels ; Wood- and Coalstoves Poeles 4 Bois et a Charbon 3 Hols- und Koblesfen Stufe a legno ea a carbone " Gieterijen & Werkhuizen Allldor Claeys B-8210 Zedelgem - Belgium Tel. 050/20 99 94 ghia = tk, oF et? UEP. FE EL —, ot De stijlvolle “AC” kachel, Le poéle AC, dans toute son élégance, me on 4 fi ae als een synoniem van verfijning en kultuur, est synonyme de raffinement et de culture. . > fam ue met zijn handgegoten gietijzeren reliéfs, Ses reliefs en fonte coulée a la main * g's geinspireerd op een rijk Ylaamse kunst, reflétent la richesse de |’art Flamand, ce hengee folklore en volksleven. de son folklore et de sa tradition. Se Zelfs als hij niet brandt, is hij schoon ... Une beauté, méme quand il n’est point allumée of aA En als hij brandt, spreidt hij gezellige warmte ... Et lorsqu’il bridle, il dégage une douce chaleur 3 Niet in kW uit te drukken. que nul ne peut exprimer en kW. “es ey Het viammenspel biedt Le jeu de ses flammes offre toute sa chaleur n weldoende warmte, een welbehagen bienfaisante, une sensation de bien-étre Aide als een oase van gemoedelijkheid en rust ... et crée |'ambiance d’une oasis paisible et 3 tranquille ... fe on er The “AC” stove, pure in style, oa! synonymous for refinement and culture, 2 its hand cast iron reliefs inspired by a rich Flemish art, folklore and tradition. Most beautiful, even when extinguished, and when on fire, it diffuses a welcome warmth no one could ever express in kW. The brightly blazing tlames breathe both “ae ’ $ a well-doing and pleasurable warmth wih 3 ay as if it were an oasis of joviality and peace ... - “ en tee ~~ah - f f Der stilvolle “AC” Ofen, La stufa “AC”, tutta elegante, . £. \ ly synonym von Verfeinerung und Kultur, sinonima di raffinatezza e di cultura, . ‘ Wy mit seinen manuell gegossenen Profilen, i suoi rilievi realizzati in ghisa fusa a mano , a Abgians einer reichen flamisthen Kunst, riflettono la ricchezza dell’ arte flamminga ya ¢, Folklore und Volkstumlichkeit. il suo folclore et le tradizioni popolari. a4, #” . = Auch wenn nicht in Betrieb ist er zierlich ... Bellissima, anche se il fuoco non é appiccato. x ae und wenn angeztndet, strahit er gemitliche Non appena é accesa, diffonde un calore simpatico ~ TY Warme aus, nicht in KW auszudriicken. che nessuno potrebbe mai esprimere in kW. Nt Das Schattenspiel der Flammen bietet. ll gioco delle fiamme garantisce un calore we, as neben einer behagliche Warme, ein intimo, un sentimento di benessere as nS Wohlgefuhl, wie ein Oase von Gemitlichkeit come se fosse un oasi di serenita e di aay 7 7 und Ruhe ... tranquillita ... . . © Rae at? ye Vas, ‘ a oe . _ 7 Alle AC-kachels zijn gebreveteerd. Les poéles AC sont brevetés. All AC stoves are patented. Alle AC-Ofen sind patentiert. "% Bed Tutte le stufe AC sono brevettate é , d Ales Be ot anh? eS «| - . y . mys. ay” x “eN, pe Ne aT ye TEASE open Mee fy EB ae S i TAM pr Me se gi SONS ERROR TOE WT I: GA Ee Ga FO Aas [ pe 4 . wo OME Cacti . ase < RR We?! ue M we 4, mr / ee ‘ys Ae Seana aueas| AAs shea - 1 Die Scone 3 ont wo 3 a 5 ‘4 ‘ : 4 ty, ' Ly! os 3 v PS vi : c : ff #43, wt i 7 : wt ty 2 pr x » wa "e é : t, PA oo ‘ ue . We a3 % 1, “ a , a. MD et: ae i ba 8 we “3 . oe i font Y ed i} ha " THis |UCTATTHI Ls ae : T4111 iy ie ey & Oly > SE g ox 8 AS recy Pd, « ; , Sy te wey i aS: wet EP Fig 2 ai SOF Doh Rey fhe Wt YE ie ER vont wt TST cevncnten en arwenmaen Poros eT OMEWSIONS “UFASURES AND FIGHTS ARMIESSUNGEN UNE GERICHTE BFS) EC Tes § he See eee ; gree tng Tyee Maule Largeur Protona Tyee Hela wth beotn 1 Hohe Brae Tete Tipo Altezza Larghezza—_Protondita am - te wn P= SURT 610 385/15 3/16" 640725 3/16" 100 530 125 . 2a" 2201. 20718 4156 ' 7 f YMIR 810 385/15 3/16" 64025 3/16" 125710 125 . L&I 32" 286/11 3/16" §30/20 7/8" 275 Ib. 28" 415116 ‘eur porte: 4.0%. tur tora SS » 11> Youn ports 2 doors "2 Ture. 2 porte r im = 3eewen- Spence Sane 3 Tue Spore Fee BOER! 1000 385/15 3/16" 640/25 3/16" 140 900 125 Foyer © diamant grand format » bet 39 3/8” 285/11 3/16" 530/20 7/8" 208 Ib. 35 1/2" 41516" he 24019 1/2" 490/19 5/16" r * BOR 970 985/15 3/16" 640/25 3/16" 135 875 125 . : 38 1/4" 285/11 3/16" 530/20 7/8" 331 Ib. 34 112" 415116 f ‘DIN 1160 385/15 a/16" 640725 3716" 150 1 065 125 455/68" 285/11 3/16" 530/20 7/8" 346 Ib. 42" 41516" 24019 1/2" 490/19 5/16" Nes y & WODAN 1160 385/15 3/16” 640/25 3/16” 155, 1065 125 45 5/8" 285/11 3/16" 530/20 7/8" 353 Ib. 42” 4 15/16 24019 1/2" 490/19 5/16" Re “ty THOR 1.330 385/15 3/16" 640/25 3/16" 165, 1235 125 52 5/16" 285/11 3/16" 530/20 7/8" 364 Ib. 48 5/8" 415116 24019 1/2" 490/19 5/16" Me ha ay % = nos 4, FRIGG 740 510 590 40575 150 ah : OT; 29 20 2318" 308 Ib. 22 112 6 Ol 740 ~—~<510 590 160575 150 ~ SCONE 29 20 23114 308 tb. 22 1/2 6 a. . $ « KRONOS 810 385/15 3/16" 640/25 3/16" 160 710 125 +, a2 285/11 3/16" 590/20 7/8" 2751. 28 415/16 ngen in Model, Material und we Daten vorbehatten te de matenaux et de données techniques Sotto riserva di modilicazion: del modetio ‘dei material e del dali tecnict to 7 a FNS ge SER oh b FOYER - AC & L’intimité de la douce chaleur d’un foyer Parnass-AC PARNASS-N PARNASS-TURBO Fonderies - Ateliers ALIDOR CLAEYS 8210 ZEDELGEM (BELGIQUE) Téléphone : 050/20.99.94 - Tous les foyers Parnass ‘‘AC’’ sont con- cus pour la combustion du bois et du char- bon, moyennant une grille type corbeille et d’un bac acendres. - Un flux d’air passe lelong des parois du foyer Parnass, qui ainsi se charge de calo- ries, qui sont par aprés dégagées dans lespace a chauffer, soit il par le mouve- ment ascendant naturel des gaz chauds comme pour le Parnass-N, soit il, pour le Parnass-Turbo, moyennant 2 ventilateurs incorporés qui activent le passage de l’air a chauffer. - Le foyer est en fonte refractaire, la car- casse en acier allié. - Une vitre céramique ayant une grande perméabilité de chaleur, permet de jouir du jeu des flammes, comme s’il s’agit d’un feu ouvert, toutefois sans risque d’incen- die, ni de fumée, ni de poussiére. CONSOMMATION d’anthracite/h. de 0.1 a 2,5 kg PUISSANCE : ca. 9.000 Kal/h. Caractéristiques des ventilateurs du Par- nass-Turbo: 2 X 20 X - 220 V - 50 Hz 2 X 40 m3/h. 750 550 ors oLe ' 1 ' ' ' ' ' ' ‘ ti PL Vore-oul os see 007 Ost 4 OO ‘a 555 Fonderies - Ateliees ALIDOR CLAEYS Téléphone : 050/20.99.94 8210 ZEDELGEM (BELGIQUE) L’INTIMITE DEVANT LA DOUCE CHALEUR D’UN POELE IRIS - AC Le poéle IRIS - AC Fonderies - Ateliers ALIDOR CLAEYS 8210 ZEDELGEM (BELGIQUE) Téléphone : 050/20.99.94 - Le poéle Iris-AC est une alliance réussie de qualité allant de paire avec une présen- tation sobre et stylisée. - Le poéle “AC” Iris est entiérement congu en fonte, une garantie unique quant a la durabilité. Méme le collecteur de récupeé- ration est en fonte ! - Tous les combustibles solides, comme le bois, le charbon, briquettes et l’anthracite conviennent pour le poéle Iris. - Le régulation de la température s’opére par un thermostat incorporé. Une tremie de remplissage, a deux posi- tions resp. pour l’anthracite 12/20 et 20/30, permet de maintenir le feu pendant plu- sieurs heures. Cette tremie se place et s’enléve facilement. La combustion du bois et briquettes se fait sans tremie. - La large plaque supérieure permet de cuisiner. - Le poéle Iris est livrable en deux versions, c.a.d. en émail brillant ou mat. sae ns 830 $30 [pis J ais 470 Fonderies - Ateliers ALIDOR CLAEYS Téléphone : 050/20.99.94 8210 ZEDELGEM (BELGIQUE) RINK-Kachel-Thermo und seine Funktion als Heizkessel Ein Produkt der RINK-Kachelofen GmbH + Co. KG 6342 Haiger 2-Sechshelden Allgemeine technische Beschreibung Im Herzen des Westerwaldes, dem Zentrum der deutschen Herd- und Ofenindustrie wurde ein Ofen entwickelt, der auf die Bediirfnisse unserer Zeit sowohl in heiztechnischer Hinsicht als auch vom Design her maBgeschneidert ist. Hier wurde sich nicht nur die Erfah- rung und das handwerkliche K6nnen zunutze gemacht, sondern dem Basiswissen das mo- derne Know how der Ofentechnik beigegeben. Er ist von der Ruhrkohle AG im Priifinstitut getestet worden (Priifzeugnis anfordern). Die Vorteile des Ofens liegen auf der Hand: - grofes Warmespeichervermogen - gesunde Strahlungswarme - alle Funktionen fiir den Dauerbrand - Allesbrenner - grofe Heizflachen - zeitgemdBes Design - vollwertiger Brat- und Backofen - einfache Reinigung - leicht zu montieren, demontieren, transportieren - in wenigen Stunden betriebsbereit. Der Rink’sche Ring verdankt seinen Namen der Eigenart seiner Konstruktion; denn er be- steht aus einzelnen Ringen, die mit Nut und Dichtung versehen sind und einfach aufeinander gesetzt werden. Durch ihr Eigengewicht —jeder Ring wiegt etwa 80 Kilogramm — entsteht eine kompakte Verbindung der einzelnen Elemente miteinander. Ganz individuell kann man die Anzahl der gewiinschten Ringe wahlen. Dabei setzt sich das kleinste Modell aus vier, und der Riese unter den RINK-Kachelthermos aus sechs Ringen zu- sammen. Die Entscheidung fiir die optimale Gréfe hdngt von der Raumgrdfe einerseits und von der Bauweise andererseits ab. Nun soll natiirlich ein Kachelofen nicht allein den heiztechnischen Wiinschen entsprechen, sondern auch optisch wirken. Durch die Wahl eines schlichten GuBkachel-Dekors ist die An- passung an alle Stilrichtungen der Raumausstattung gegeben. Die farbliche Anpassung ist méglich durch die Entscheidung fiir eine der vier Kachelfarben weif, griin, braun bzw. roh schwarz. Eine weitere Anpassung an die Umgebung ist durch verschiedene Fufausfiihrungen moglich. Hinsichtlich der Konstruktion des Ofens hat man die festgetretenen Pfade der Heizgerdte- fertigung verlassen und ging véllig neue Wege. Neu ist auf diesem Sektor das Warmespeichermaterial. Aber es hat seine Feuerprobe ldngst bestanden. In anderen Industriebereichen ist es schon seit Jahrzehnten unter extremen Be- dingungen erprobt worden. Dieses hochhitzebestandige (1400 ° C) Material bildet den inne- ren Kern der Ringe. Es verbirgt sich hinter dem Kachelmantel aus emailliertem oder rohem, geschwarztem Gufeisen. Neu ist auch das Konstruktionsprinzip, das sich von althergebrachten Ofenbauten da- durch unterscheidet, daB der Kachelthermo von Rink in einzelne funktionsfertig vorge- Sertigte Elemente aufgeteilt ist. Weil die Aufteilung in horizontaler Ebene etagenweise erfolgt, ist der Aufbau unproblematisch. Dieser Ofen kann ohne jede fremde Hilfe mit einem Freund oder Nachbarn in wenigen Stunden aufgebaut und angeschlossen wer- den. Kein Maurer oder Ofensetzer kommt ins Haus. Tage- oder wochenlange Ver- schmutzung der Raume - wie sie beim konventionellen Kachelofenbau sonst der Fall sind, gibt es beim RINK-Kachelthermo auf keinen Fall. Fast alle festen Brennstoffe, die im Handel gefiihrt werden, kénnen darin verfeuert wer- den: Holz jeder Art in entsprechender ScheitgréBe Anthrazit Nu 3 mager Eierkohlen klein C S Brikett Anzit Extrazit Braunkohlebrikett 6 Braunkohlen Brikoletts Brechkoks 4. Brenn-Toif aus Priifbericht Nr. 00 8293 der Ruhrkohle AG Priiforennstoff [an2 CSBrk | CoBrE |CSBIK Ks | Bpet | Scneit Versuchstag 9892 | 246 [156 | 26 | 7.6 | 25.6. | 18.6. | 23.6 Aufgabemenge we | 430 | 450 | 820 | 450 490 | 690 | 9,57 Anzahl der Aufgaben 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 Stellung des Sekundiirluftschiebers iM uD | W(max)| Mi (max)} iM Mm Stellung des Stellgliedes 1,5 1,5 I(max.)} I 1,5 T_ 1,5 T 1,5 Mittlerer Férderdruck mbar | 013 | 013 | 014 | 014 014 | 014 | ong Mittlere Abgastempereatur Kk | a7 166 =| 212 195 [om | ass MitiererC0, Gena SSCS a? Pts Page (799-127 Pa | ta.s6 Mittlerer (CO+H,) Gehalt % |ois |o30 foes |o24 0,65 139 | 0,69 Abbrandzeit der Aufgaben h 4,0 4,0 4,0 4,0 4,0 3,0 3,18 Stiindlicher Abbrand kg/h | 1075 | 1125 }2050 |1a2s | 1125 | 2300 | 3,006 Verlust durch freie Warme % | 113 10.0 | 143 15,0 ny | ua 11 Verlust durch gebundene Warme % 1,1 1,6 4,0 1,7 5,7 6,3 3,3 ene cas Drennbares iat % | 37 28 38 38 13 10 12 Wirkungsgrad % | 39 | 856 1779 | 795 813 | sie | 844 HeizieisuneP —=SS*~*~*~*~SaRWS«C*«dSCBHH«d BSS 14D? [796 | Bs [om | 106 | RINK temo WarmefluB Typ Zermatt mit Bratrohr jell = > Lil r 1 | 2 Ze ©. > Ro ei | > Typ Arosa mit Bratrohr + post Bn a,22 Ss y ASS WY SE. NIE LT) ROY MS cE ML (LLL SSS SUZ I anal SS SSS ESS Wenn Sie einen Sockel selbst mauern wollen, halten Sie bitte die angegebenen Mafe ein. Mae fiir Modell ,Kufstein“ in Klam- mern. Ein Schornstein sollte etwa 4,5 m hoch sein und ein Innenmaf von mindestens 13,5 x 13,5 cm haben. Dies ist ausreichend fir eine Heizleistung von 15.000 WE. Bei einem Schornstein-Innenmaf von 20 x 20 cm kénnen bis zu 3 Ofen angeschlossen werden. Der Luft- schacht neben einem Kamin bei Olfeuerung kann mit benutzt werden. Vorher mit dem Schornsteinfeger sprechen! Das Ofengewicht auf dem Boden durch eine Unterlegplatte gleich- mafig verteilen. Normaler, guter Fu8boden hdlt das Gewicht. Kei- ne schweren Schrinke im Umkreis von je I Meter aufstellen. Die Unterlegplatte kann beispielsweise eine starke Marmorplatte sein. 0000 0000 aa o.r.u.m@ Nur mit Sockel lieferbar! w——§— 515 Priifbericht anfordern! Modell Kufstein Gewicht: Aschering 83,0 kg Leistung Zwischenring 81,0 kg Wirkungsgrad Feuerrin 91,5 kg . Gesimsnug 88,5 ke Brennstoffe: Anthrazit-NuB 2 CS-Briketts 25 g a 68,0 kg CS-Briketts 50 g Brechkoks 3 Braunkohlenbriketts 6“ Holzscheite Ring-Wandstarke 7cm Mittlerer Rauchgasweg 2m Inhalt in Liter: Fiillschacht 311 Aschekasten 8&6! | Gepriift nach DIN 18890 max. Holzscheit-Lange 50cm Tiiroffnungs-MafBe B31,5x H 17cm TT a az Modell Davos Gewicht: Aschering Zwischenring Feuerring Gesimsring Sockel Ring-Wandstarke Mittlerer Rauchgasweg Inhalt in Liter: Fiillschacht Aschekasten max. Holzscheit-Lange Tiiroffnungs-Mafe 91,5 kg 87,0 kg 90,5 kg 99,0 kg 73,5 kg 7cm 2,10 m 36,5 1 11,71 50cm B31,5xH17cm Bei der Ausftih- rung mit FuB MaBe in Klam- mern ( ) beach- ten! Rauchrohranschluf- méglichkeiten Mafstab 1:10 Bei der Ausftih- rung mit FuB MaBe in Klam- mern ( ) beach- ten! Gewicht: Aschering Zwischenring Feuerring Zwischenring Bratrohr Gesimsring Sockel Ring-Wandstarke Typ Z tt Mittlerer Rauchgasweg ee Mafstab 1:10 4.143 Gewicht: Aschering Zwischenring Feuerring Bratrohr Gesimsring Sockel Ring-Wandstarke Mittlerer Rauchgasweg Bei der Ausfiih- rung mit FuB MaBe in Klam- mern ( ) beach- ten! Mafstab 1:10 So speichert der RINK-Kachel-Thermo die Warme 90° Speicher vermogen und Temperaturveriaut oe Mefipunkt 3 ------- Mefipunkt 2 —— — Mefipunkt 1 70° 60" angezundet 7h mit Holz 7h 6Brikett= 2,6kg aufgelegt 50° 40° | Won | ! sw | t i TTL ti hr et ee T T 1 7h Bh 9h 10°%h 1h 12°h 13h 16°%h 15% 16% 17h 18h 19°h 20% RINK im Und das kann sein Verbrauch sein: Raumgréfie 110cbm, 2Aufienwande, 16qm Fensterflache Messungen vom 112'-3112.1981 | | err 1 | | | | | | 1 >. ft 1 LITT U TTT TTT EEE yy qi ie le 112-712. = 11,350M 812-1412 = 12,75DM 1512-2112=15,500M 2212-2812.=12,500M 2912-3112=4,750M a Die hier beschriebenen Messungen wurden im Dezember 1981 durchgefiihrt. Der Verbrauch lag in diesem Zeitraum an Brikett bei 1,83 DM pro Tag RINKS Preisbasis 1981 11 TI Mocglichkeiten Typ Kufstein, Davos Typ Arosa Typ Arosa Typ Zermatt mit Bratrohr Leistungen Typ Kufstein Davos Arosa Zermatt Heizfliche m? 3,3 3,5 43 5,0 a m? 170 170 220 250 ‘& gq Bauweise = £ & mittlere 7 = 7 a 3 § E Bauwelse m 115 115 150 170 ma > pe iia =i aii m 95 95 125 140 auweise ale Nennheizleistung kcal/h 8500 8500 9500 12500 Nennheizleistung kW 9.8 9,8 ll 14,5 Hohe mit Fie cm 113,5 138 162 166 191 Hohe mit Sockel cm 142 142 | ci [Jie afl a JU e Typ Zermatt mit Bratrohr RauchrohranschluB: 150 mm 0 Sonderzubehor: Bratrohr, Betonsockel Farben: dunkelbraun, wei, schwarz, griin Grundflache: Breite 70 cm, Tiefe 60 cm Aufbauanleitung fiir RINK-kachelthermo 1. Allgemeines Der Aufbau des von Ihnen erworbenen RINK- achelthermo ist denkbar einfach und kann von je- dermann ohne besondere Vorkenninésse aulgrund dieser Beschreibung und der beigefugten Zeichnung sowie unter Zuhilfenahme der mitgelieferten Hilfs mmittel ausgefohnt werden Alle Bauteile sind voll funktionsfihig vorgefenigt so GaB nach dem Aufsetzen des letzien Teiles der Ofen an den Schornstein angeschlossen und in Betrie genommen werden kann. Hierzu separate Betriebs- anleitung beachten ‘ongl Typ Arosa wad Zermat eave Bratroty ind Tgp Zermatt mit Brotrem Rog? Vorbereitung Voraussetzung fir die gute Funktion eines jeden Ofens ist die einwandfreie Beschaflenheit des Schorn- steins Besteht der FuBboden am Aufstellungson aus nicht brennbarem Material (Fliesen/Beton) so wird eine Unterlegplatte nicht bendtigt Ist der Fulsboden jedoch mit Parkett, Dielen, Kunst- siofl. Teppichboden oder mehr oder weniger brennba- rem Material belegt, 50st in jedem Falle eine Unterleg- platte zu verwenden, zum Beispiel eine Marmorplatte Der Ofen selbst ist von einem neutralen Fachinstitut eeprift { ‘Ring Haben Sie sich fiir einen Ofen mit Sockel ent- schieden, dann sind in der Rege! das Boden- biech (4), Rahmen (5), Deckenpiatie (6), Feuer- korb (7) und Rost (8) in Ring | fertig vormon- tiert und in einer Einheit verpackt, ‘Aschekasten (3) sowie Umienkbleche (19) mit Zubehor befinden sich bei Anlieferung in Ring I ) Priifen Sie simtliche Verpackungscinheiten auf Volistindigkeit It. Lieferschein. Sind Teile be: schidigi, dann das Transportunternehmen (Bun- desbahn, Spediteur etc.) verstindigen Ist die Sendung volistindig und keine Teile be- schiidigt, so kann mit dem Aufbau begonnen werden. 2 2 i 2 2Z ‘ogi Typ Arosa und Zermatt mit rote Typ Aros st Heatran Typ Davos LI OL 0 CWI) Aa rk Of Zermatt mit Bratrohe Ring V tm Zwnschenning) ‘ermunderte Buchlestune Zermatt it Bravohe Ring TV (direkt Uber Feverring) sue Backlestung Zermatt ohne Bratrohe 1. Die dem Ofen beigegebenc Aufoauanleitung genau evtl mehrmals durchlesen und das Beschriebene mit der Zeichnung, vergleichen. 2. Wenn erfordertich. Grundplatte (1) (gehdrt nicht zum Liefer- umfang, zum Beispiel Marmorplatie) am Aufstellungsort aul den Boden legen. 2a Teil 8, 7. 6, und 4 werden vor dem Aufbau entnommen. Teil $ kann im Ring verbleiben. 3. Bei Fuligestell (2a) Fuligestell in Waage setzen. Ring | so aufsetzen, da AuGen- kainten des Ringes mit FuBgestell abschlieBen. 3a, Bei Betonsockel (2) Betonsockel (2) wie in Zeichnung In aufsetzen und Bodenblech (4) auflegen. Uberprifen.ob Socke! in Waage steht 4. Montagehitfsmittel (9) mit feststehendem Teil bei Nute (9a) tcinstecken. Schiebeteil im gegenuberliegenden Nut einschie- ben und Fiugelschraube anziehen. Beidseitig anheben und Ringelement | in Pfeilrichtung so aulsetzen, da® der Sockel- rand rundum gleichmaig ist. (Dichischnur liberprafen!) 5. Falls Unterstitzung $ vor dem Aufbau entnommen wurde, muB diese, wie in Zeichnung darge- stellt, wieder eingelegt werden. Deckenplatte (6) in Pieilrichtung in die hierfur vorgeschene Aussparung einlegen. Feuerkorb.. Teil (7) von oben in die Aussparung der Deckenplatte einhiingen (Klappe nach vorne) Rost (8) so wie in Zeichnung dangestellt einlegen Hierbei ist darauf zu achten, da der Bolzen (12) in das Loch (10) einrastet. Hebel (11) hin und her bewegen und priifen, ob sich der Rost bewegt. Aschetiire &ffnen und Aschekasten zwischen die beiden Fuhrungsschienen einschieben, 6. Montagehilfsmittel (9) wie unter 4. beschrieben, ansetzen und Ring II so auf Ring | aufsetzen, da6 Front und Seitenflichen fluchten. (Dichtschnur Gberpriifen!) 7. Ring IIL wird nun in der gleichen Weise wie unter 6. beschrieben, aufgesetzt. (Dichtschnur iiber- prifen!) 8. Fir Feuerraum hintere Umienkplatte (17) von oben so einschieben, da® diese sich in die beiden ‘Aussparungen (13) einsetzt und auf Ring I! seitlich aufsitzt. Die Seitenteile 14 und 15 mit Ausspa- rung nach vorne nun von oben in Pfeilrichtung vorsichtig einsetzen bis diese auf Teil (6) aufsitzen Vordere Schutzplatte (16) in die Aussparungen der Seitenteile 14 und 15 nach Zeichnung so eir~* zen, daB diese auf Platte 6 aufsitzt. 9. Abdeckung (18) mit der groben Aussparung nach vorne. in Ring III einlegen und bis zum Ans rach vorne schieben.° 10. Ring IV ~ Typ Davos Montagehilfsmittel (9) wie unter 4. beschrieben ansetzen und AbschluBelement IV so aufsetzen, dab alle Seiten Muchten. 104. Zugumlenkblech (19) in Pfeilrichtung einlegen und nach hinten an die Wand schieben. 11. Nut (20) mit-feinem Quarzsand (im Ptastikbeutel) aufMilien, Einlegeplatten (21 und 22) einlegen und einige Male hin- und herbewegen. damit sie im Sand abdichten. 12. Ring IV - Typ Arosa ohne Bratrohr Montagehilfsmitiel (9) wie unter 4, beschrieben ansetzen und Ring IV so auf Ring III aussetze daB Front und Seitenflichen fluchten. (Dichtschnur prifen!) 12a, Zugumlenkblech (19) in Pfeilrichtung einlegen und nach hinten an die Wand schieben. 13, Ring IV Typ Arosa mit Bratrobr Teil 9b von Montagehilfsmittel ldsen und abschieben. Dann Teil 9 in Locher (23) einschieben und Ring anheben. Ring IV so auf Ring Ill aufsetzen, da Front und Seitenflichen fluchten. Anschlie- Bend Laschen (24) nach innen umknicken. 14, Ring V Typ Arosa hilfsmittel (9) wie unter 4, beschrieben ansetzen und AbschluBelement V so aufsetzen, dal alle Seiten fluchten. 14a. Zugumienkblech (19) in Pfeilrichtung einlegen und nach hinten an die Wand schieben. 15. Einlegeplatien wie unter 11. beschrieben einlegen. 16. Ring IV - Typ Zermatt ohne Bratrobr und Typ Zermatt mit Bratrohr im Ring V Montagehiifsmitiel (9) wie unter 4, beschrieben ansetzen und Ring IV so auf Ring III aufsetzen, daB Front und Seitenflichen fluchten. (Dichtschnur Uberpriifen!) 160, Zugumienkblech (19) in Pfeilrichtung einlegen und nach hinten an die Wand schieben. 17. Ring 1V - Typ Zermatt mit Bratrobr im Ring 1V Teil 9 von Montagehilfsmittel Kisen und abschieben. Dann Teil 9 in Locher (23) einschieben und Ring anheben. Ring IV so auf Ring Ill aufsetzen, da Front und Seitenflichen fluchten. Anschlie- Gend Laschen (24) nach innen umknicken. (Dichtschur dberpriifen') 18 Ring V- Typ Zermatt ohne Bratrohr und Typ Zermatt mit Bratrohr im Ring IV Montagehilismittel (9) wie unter 4. beschrieben ansetzen und Ring V so auf Ring IV aufsetzen, dab Front und Seitenflachen fluchten. (Dichtschnur priifen') - 19. Ring V- Typ Zermatt mit Bratrohrim Ring V Teil 9 von Montagehilfsmitte! ldsen und abschieben. Dann Teil 9 in Locher (23) einschieben und Ring anheben. Ring V so auf Ring IV. aufsetzen, da Front und Seitenflachen fluchten. Anschlie- Bend Laschen (24) nach innen umknicken. (Dichtschur Uberpriifen') a, 20a. Zugumienkbicch (19) in Pfeilrichtung einlegen und nach hinten an dic Wand schieben. (Auber Zermatt ohne Bratrohr) 21. Einlegeplaticn wie unter 11. beschrieben, einlegen. 22. Fir alle Typen Herstelien des Anschiusses an den Schomstein siehe Betriebsanieitung unter 3 23. Den an den Schorsicin angeschlossenen Ofen an den StoBfugen der einzeinen Ringe mit offener Flamme (Feuerzeug) ableuchten und auf Dichtheit berprifen WARMETAUSCHER ,,SYSTEM RINK“ Diese Zeichnung zeigt einen RINK- Kachelthermo mit eingebautem Warme- tauscher. Der Warmetauscher (TUV-gepriift) doppelte Emaillierung 16 Brauchwasser (hei&es Wasser) Speicher Isolier-Mantel Kesselwasser Gesamtinhalt des Kessels nach Bedarf Der Warmetauscher wird tiber eine Rohrleitung, in die eine elektrische Pumpe eingebaut ist, mit einem groBen Kessel verbunden (Speicher). In dem nun heifen Wasser, das sich im Kessel befindet (Kesselwas- ser), ist ein zweiter Kessel eingebaut, der so stark ist, daB er den ge- samten Wasserdruck aushalt, 10 Bar (friiher 10 Ati). Damit das Wasser in diesem Kessel keinen Geschmack annimmt und keinen Kalk ansetzt, ist dieser Kessel innen doppelt emailliert (wie ein Koch- topf). Nach DIN-DVGW W 511. In diesem zweiten Kessel, den wir Speicher nennen, befindet sich das Brauchwasser fiir Ktiche und Bad. Die Pumpe transportiert das kalte Wasser (Riicklauf) aus dem gro- Ben Kessel in den Warmetauscher, das Wasser im Wdarmetauscher wird durch das Feuer erwarmt und flieBt in den Kessel zuriick. Es ent- steht ein Kreislauf. In kurzer Zeit wird das gesamte Wasser im Kessel-Speicher heif.. Damit das Wasser im Speicher heif3 bleibt, ist der Speicher mit ei- nem dicken Mantel aus Isoliermaterial versehen (Glaswolle, Sty- ropor). 17 18 kaltes Wasser Wenn wir das heiBe Kesselwasser mit einer kleinen Pumpe durch die Heizkérper pumpen, werden die Heiz- kérper warm und heizen Bad, Schlaf- und Kinderzim- mer. So kann man mit dem RINK-Kachelthermo Wohnrau- me direkt heizen, entfernt liegende Raume mit Heif- wasser fiir Radiatoren oder Fufbodenheizungen ver- sorgen, auferdem steht heiBes Wasser ftir Bad und Kii- che zur Verfiigung. (Héchster Wohnkomfort) Eine eingebaute elektr. Heizung.sorgt fiir heiBes Was- ser, wenn im Sommer der Kachelofen nicht brennt. Kiche Bad as heifBes Wasser (Brauchwasser) heiBes Wasser fiir den Sommer Elektr. AnschluB Bad Schlafzimmer Kinderzimmer mm Warmetauscheriis ss) je Der Warmetauscher kann in allen Typen der schweizer Serie ,,.Davos“, ,,Arosa“, Zermatt“ eingesetzt wer- den. Montage in der Rei- henfolge, wie auf dieser Montageanleitung gezeigt. Diese Montageanleitung finden Sie vergr6Bert im Aschekasten. Aufbauanleitung RINK item geprift bei RUHRKOHLE, 4300 Essen 1 Priifstelle fiir hdusliche Feuerstatten Priifbericht Nr. 008293 gepriift fiir RINK-Kachelofen GmbH & Co. KG Am Klangstein 6342 Haiger 2-Sechschelden Rohranschliisse innen 1/2 Markierung an Rohranschliissen 1 Markierung = Entliiftung Schutzrohr fur therm. Ablauf- sicherung, ohne Markierung (Rillen) 3 Markierungen=Heizungsvoriauf = 4 Markierungen=Heizungsriicklauf 2 5 Markierungen=Kithiwasser Eingang + 6 Markierungen=Kiihiwasser Ausgang 1 Schutzrohr fiir Pumpensteuerung i Ann a Ring I r Socke!-Auflenmar 760 — Cos Wy on ay \- VY 1785 3 ‘ § : | - 370 —-- Kellerdecke Copyright by RINK-Kache!-thermo WARMETAUSCHER ,,SYSTEM RINK“ Typ ch III 0.45 m Oberflaiche Inhalt 11,5 Liter, Priifdruck 10 bar Gewicht 33 kg (TUV-gepriift) 16“ INNEN- GEWINDE ————————— LIEFERUMFANG 20 Achtung, der Warmetauscher ist von einem Fachmann anzuschlieSen (Heizungsinstallateur). Die einwandfreie Funktion ist nur bei Beachtung der aufgefiihrten Punkte gewahrieistet. Im Heizungskreislauf mu8 immer eine Pumpe (a) und ein Ausdehnungsgefa8 (b) eingebaut sein. Maximaler Druck im Heizungskreislauf 2,5 Bar. Sicherheitsventil oder Uberdruckventil (c) ist Pflicht, siehe DIN 4751, Blatt 2. Thermische Ablaufsicherung (nach DIN 4751, Blatt 2) wird auf Bestellung mitgeliefert. Der Fiihler (d) wird in das Rohr (e) bis oben eingefiihrt und dann das Schutzrohr (f) mit der Fliigelmutter (g) festgeklemmt. Das zum Fiihler gehérige Ventil (h) wird in die Leitung 6 (6 Rillen) eingebaut und 6ffnet, wenn die Tempe- ratur im Warmetauscher 95°C iiberschreitet. Die Ablaufleitung (i) muB unabsperrbar in gréBerem Rohrdurchmesser als das Ventil, auBerhalb des Wohnbereichs in einen Abflu8 sichtbar abgeleitet werden und zu kontrollieren sein. Der Anschlu8 5 (5 Rillen) ist mit dem Haus-Wasseranschlu8 zu verbinden. Der Wasserdruck darf in der Kiihischlange (k) 6 Bar nicht tiberschreiten. Mindestdruck 2 Bar. Pumpensteuerung: Der auf Bestellung lieferbare Regler (0) iiberwacht in eingebautem Zustand die Temperatur im Warmetauscher (p). Wenn der Ofen angefeuert und das Wasser in dem Warmetauscher hei8 wird, schaltet der Regler (0) die Pumpe (a) ein. Sinkt die Wassertemperatur im Warmetauscher, so wird die Pumpe (a) ausgeschaltet. In das rechte Schutzrohr (/) wird der Fiihler (m) bis oben eingefiihrt und die Kapillare mit der Klemme (n) befestigt. Der Regler (0) ist ein Umschalter. @ ist eine Umlaufsperre (Schwerkraftbremse) und wird in die Pumpenverschraubung eingelegt. 3 Heizungsvorlauf 5-Kihlwassereingang 4 Heizungsriicklauf 6 Kiihlwasserausgang 1 Entliiftung Der Wirmetauscher entnimmt dem Feuer eine Warmemenge bis 6 KWh (KWh = Ki- lowatt pro Stunde) unmittelbar nach dem Anheizen. Diese Ener- gie ist immer vorhanden, wenn der RINK-Kachelthermo in Be- trieb ist, ganz gleich, ob Sie den RINK-Kachelthermo mit Holz, Kohle, Brikett, Koks oder Torf befeuern. Referenzliste tiber Heizungsanlagen die mit RINK-Kachelthermo und Warmetauscher ausgeristet sind, bitte anfordern. 21 Priifbericht Wr. 00 82 93 tachi RUHRKOHLE-VERKAUF GMBH Postfach 10 31 61 4300 Essen 1 Priifstelle fur haéusliche Feuerstatten Priifbericht Nr. 00 82 93 Priifen der Nennwirmeleistung, des Wirkungsgrades und der Abgastemperatur 9,57 15 23.6. scheit= hoz die Priifung des Rink-kachelofens, Typ “Arosa” 6,90 auf Brauchbarkeit fur die Aufstellung als Feuerstétte in Wohnréumen mit AnschluB an einen Hausschornstein. Hersteller und Auftraggeber Rink-Kachelofen GmbH & Co. KG, Am Klangstein 18, 6342 Haiger 2 Zusammenfassendes Ergebnis Der Rink-kachelofen, Typ "Arosa", (5 Ringe mit Backofen) wurde mit Anthrazit- = NuB 2, CS-Briketts (25 9 und 50 g), Brechkoks 3, Braunkohlenbrikett 6" und = Buchenholzscheiten geprifft. a e ——EEEe Fal </8 Elz 8] 8] 6] 8) ale} al als In Anlehnung an DIN 18 890 wurde die Heizleistung und der Wirkungsgrad sowie PF S| =| es] wfelel S| a} S}S] 4) 22 DIN 18 890 Mirkungsgrad 3 = 2 sl s|olels zus&tzlich die Stellflachentemperaturen seitlich und hinten, die Temperatur i = x = = ‘im Holzlagerfach, die Oberflachentemperatur des Kachelmantels und die Back- a ls wo f : 2 2 & : ofentemperatur untersucht. Ea ¢] 8] | -)e) 4 2/8} el S}ele! ale) 8 $44) S/-| =) 2) S} oe] S} eo] Ss] 2] S/F] S) gle Je nach Brennstoff wurden bei einer Wirmeleistung zwischen 8 und 14 kW Wirkungs- a = by grade zwischen 78 und 84 % gemessen, die als sehr gut zu bezeichnet sind. S : 2 5 Die genauen Werte der feuerungstechnischen Versuche ersehen Sie aus diesem = z - =| 21S] .J ata Prufbericht (Seite 5 bis 7). = iz i 1 i - *. Die Backofentemperaturen liegen bei 220 - 250 | 2 i * wlel ale Zur Erreichung der entsprechenden Leistung ist ein Forderdruck von ca. 0,14 mbar g ¢ = 2 - erforderlich. Die Feuerstatte ist fiir Mehrfach- und Gemischtbel geeignet. = g E DIN 18 160 und DIN 4705 Teil 3 sind zu beriicksichtigen. Fir eine ausreichende sis % 2 EI i chum ast Gag Sie] {5 x oe |sa 9 : 2 5 Verbrennungsluftzufuhr ist zu sorgen : S = xe - £ 3 z § ES Die Bedienungsanleitung ist zu beriicksichtigen. Prafstelle Ele eis |s]sis 3 2| Bigs der slelelEe [E/Mz/EIE|EBE RUHRKOHLE-VERKAUF GMBH t ls lalsle F\s|2 “ee « c ao Rie ms lel<=le} sles 3 SISls (SRB |slLflo/ ele] ees] 3) e e|2/2/2/s/s|* 2) S/5/5 isa] ¢ S| s}o i elelslzlsls &|s Essen, den 20.09.1982 £ £1sis g wliele elelsisSjolobs] S/S (Kleine-VoBbeck) E1S/3/> Slsis |s/sieisisl sis 3 Ela SlSlS/Si Ses /Sislelslslaes s PISISlE/SIS|ZRs |S S/alF/ 5) Sesisje Dieser Priifbericht enthalt die Seiten 1 bis 7 und die Anlagen a bis c. ES ZlelalalEEsizlfl2laislSebels Prijfzeugnis Schweden ok. 12) So $SPi STATENS RAPPORT {SP% STATENS RAPPORT 2 “Seve! PROVNINGSANSTALT Barun Sects “Same PROVNINGSANSTALT aun Aerertr Tomas Ottosson, ubl 1983-02-23 8212,177 1983-02-23 212,177 Tel 033-165175 RESULTAT Goerdt E. Schlickum Box 12028 2 : ee saci Féljande maximala temperaturer (°C) uppmittes: Ovansida kakelugn 148 Tak ovanfér kakelugn 55 Vagg 500 mm bakom kakelugn 52 Vagg 250 mm vid sidan av Provning kelugnsinstallation kakelugn 62 ag Yttemperatur: ring 1 93 UPPDRAG : 3 ee Uppdraget bestod av att mita temperaturer pi vaggar och : é 139 tak kring en kakelugn under maximal brinslebelastninc. ° é 107 PaquossaKt. Eldstadslucka 217 Asklucka 7 Kakelugn av fabrikat RINK typ Zermatt, tillverkad av Rink-Kachelofen GmbH & Co KG, Am Klangstein 18, D-6342 Rokonat 273 Haiger 2, Vasttyskland. ignetemperator PROVNINGSBETINGELSER STATENS PROVNINGSANSTALT Kakelugnen var uppmonterad hos Goerdt Schlickum, Mellan- Laboratoriet fir vv8—teknik gardsvigen 8, 630 12 Eskilstuna. Installationens ut- férande framg’r av bilaga 1. Kakelugnen eldades med torr bjérkved, med fOr kakelugnen tillkapad storlek. Belast- todis Wilseon ningen var ca 3 kg/h. i . Toms Otters Temperaturer uppmattes med ca 30 minuters intervall ot ees ottoanen ovansida av kakelugn, tak ovanfér kakelugn, vag bakem kakelugn, vagg 250 mm vid sidan av kakelugn, yttempera- turer ring 1 - 6, eldstadslucka, asklucka och p& rikcaser. Matningarna pébérjades med varm kakelugn och p&gick under 5 timmar di fortvarighet hade uppnétts. Maitutrustning Comark digitaltermometer med yttemperaturgivare samt chromel alumel termoelementstrad. PONTADEESS BISOASADRIS Huon me ence | Skiss éver kakelugnsinstallation Bn UvUnORVALTNNG — BOR BS? SOT TSBods——Brtigatan « OVN 16500) HAP SLoennng’s 7182088 OB stocenom for SOR 11486 Stortholm Dieting Kenteas 3g 11 08 28K) HO Sten POSGRO © cortsoxc fon 240 96, 40022 Goneborn —Gibvatargatan 1S 019 20087271 bTNesnRS THEN Dus fon 712 22007 tnd Tommavagen 11 outa 0 es Dr. Hans Rausch 0 Ich méchte Uber den RINK-Kachelthermo beraten werden. 0 Ich will sparen und méchte meine Heizungsanlage selber montieren, wenn die Anlage nach der Montage Uberpriift und von Ihnen abge- nommen wird. Bitte alle Unterlagen senden. 0 Ich bitte um einen unverbindlichen Besuch von einem Berater. Verein- baren Sie bitte einen Besuchstermin mit mir, Sie k6nnen mich um «Urs urnter der Ruf-Nr.: erreichen. Ich bitte um eine Warmebedarfsberechnung und -Angebot fiir mein Haus zum Sonderpreis von DM 100,-. Dieser Betrag wird verrechnet, wenn ich einen Auftrag erteile. Diesem Schreiben liegt ein Scheck und meine Bauzeichnung bei. Die Ihnen bis hierhin gezeigte Anlage ist natiirlich nur ein Beispiel da- fiir, wie Sie den RINK-Kachelthermo als Warmequelle einsetzen kon- nen. Selbstverstandlich kénnen Sie auch jede andere vorhandene Warm- wasser-Zentralheizung mit der Heizleistung des RINK-Kachelthermo unterstiitzen. Das bietet Ihnen viele Vorteile: 1. In der Ubergangszeit ist die Heizleistung des RINK-Kachelthermo allein. schon ausreichend fiir den gesamten Warmebedarf — die teure Olheizung muf gar nicht erst laufen. 2. Sie haben praktisch den ,,Heizkessel und Warmwasserbereiter im Wohnzimmer“ und Wdrmeverluste durch geheizte Kellerraume . vermieden. Keine Verschwendung durch unndtig geheizte Raume. 3. Die Brennstoffkosten selbst sind beim RINK-Kachelthermo durch Verwendung fester Brennstoffe (z. B. Holz, Kohle, Brikett) deutlich niedriger als mit Gas oder Ol, auch dadurch enorme Kostenein- sparung. Der Heizungsbauer wird Ihnen gerne den Warmetauscher an Ihre Heizungsanlage anschlieBen. Die ndachste Kachelofenstube: ANTWORTKARTE Pulverich-Druck Nr. 222 @ RUIN timo Der bewahrte GuBkachel-Ofen PREISLISTE 1/54 Giiltig fiir Lieferungen ab dem 1. 4. 1984 RINK Sachelofen XK . nS a ey Dieser Preisliste liegen unsere Verkaufs-, Liefer- und Zahlungsbedingungen zugrunde. Alle vorherigen Preisli- sten sind mit Erscheinen dieser Liste ungiiltig. ; . “at ohne incl. 14 % Modellreihe Schweiz Preise in DM MWSt. -MWST. 5352,-- 4694,75 Ce [sn | oar [|r [ram ae [oer | a [me [ra | os [es [in | oa [oe owen | =| [aoe [iso [70] [em [oars | mit Fug mit FuB Zermatt mit 9019,30 | 10282,— mit : Lt) F “| 5261,40 | 5998,—~ | braun 8101.75 | 9236,-- | 6869,30 | 7831,—| Zermatt mit 4 . ra ae [oars | 958=| u. Bratrohr : > RINK Kachelofen Yeran ohne incl. 14% MWSt 3242,98 3697,— 1. Warmetauscher (Heizeinheit), TUV-gepriift, mit Kiihlschlange fir — 177,19. 1342,— den AnschluB von thermischer aelaetene: vorbereitet oe den Saye aed Anschluf von Pumpensteuerung 2. Thermische Ablaufsicherung, nach DIN 4571. eS? 10088 115 3. Thermostat-Regelungseinheit fur Zirkulationspumpe Warmetauscher y ag 128,95 147,—- 4. Ergdnzungsteile fiir Umbau bereits vorhandener RINK= Kathie, Se SOL 21 438,— bestehend aus: Grundplatte, Schutzrohrgestell, U stheratimahdedeoline ZUBEHOR fiir Modellreihe Schweiz und Osterreich 2. Aschekasten f. Serie Schweiz 2. Aschekasten f. Serie Osterreich. 2. Backblech f. Serie Schweiz Backofenthermometer SONSTIGES — PREISGRUPPE II ‘Minderpreis — ohne Sockel oder Fife Serie Schweiz 192,98 220,-- Serie Osterreich 16421 <> 210— Mehrpreis fiir Rauchrohranschlup - reir : Ausfiihrung 2—10 AS : a” AT, OF 54,—- Verpackung: pro Ring 19,— 21,66 Siir frachtfrei zuriickgesandte Trans- portvorrichtungen vergiiten wir 15,— 17,10 Frachtkosten pro Ofen innerhalb BRD und West-Berlin 325,44 371,-- Transport ins Haus und Aufstellen 75,44 86,-—- Kosten f. KaminanschluB 50,-—- 57,-- bis zu 1 Arbeitsstunde Jede weitere Arbeitsstunde 40,35 46,-- Material (Ofenrohr etc.) nach Aufwand Der RINK-Kachelthermo - die Alternative der Vernunft: energiesparend, behaglich und mobil und seine Funktion als Heizkessel Jur das warmegedadmmte Haus. Gesunde Warme in enifernte Raume. MN mi fe AN Fray, 409 tay yrs =, aan Reaeen ener aaa eens eee RINK iesher ‘ (RINKKachelofen GmbH + ‘Co. KG Am Klangstein 18, 6342 Haiger 2-Sechshelden Telefon 02771/31053 - Telex: 873928 rink d Pulverich-Druck Nr; 140 On July 23, 1985, a presentation of the coal-end use options contained in the report was made to the Nome Planning Commission by Pat Gillan (ASCE), Dick Drake (MTI), and George Cain (MTI). Following the presentation, comments and questions from the Planning Commis- sion members were solicited. The presentation and following discussion of community concerns are summarized in the Minutes of the Nome Planning Commis- sion Meeting 7/23/85. July 29, 1985 Page two AGENDA CONTINUED Presentation - Mr. Wolfe said before he introduces ‘his ‘guests, he Western Arctic has a couple of items to apprise the Planning Com- Coal - Dean Wolfe, mission: Utility Manager : 1. He has..a pick-up load of rottenwood fromthe wooden utili- dors on the west side of town. These utilidors will affect both water and sewer lines and must be repaired. Cost is $2 million. . 2. The Legislature has passed new legislation allow- ing 2% interest loans through Alaska Power Author- ity (APA) for extension of new electric services. He has requests to extend electricity 20.3miles to include Dexter and the Snake River properties, a total of 76 structures and 267 poles. The pro- ject would cost at least $500,000. Wolfe said ‘ he felt Planning Commission endorsement is ap- propriate. 3. He received a notice this week of a 3.5¢ increase for fuel.which leads: to Arctic Slope Consulting Engineers' presentation. He turned the meeting over to Pat Gillan. INTRODUCTION BY PAT GILLAN | Mr. Gillan said the Arctic Slope Consulting Engineers from Anchorage are at mid-point:of Phase II of the two-year:contract study for the State of Alaska Department of Community and Regional Affairs and.the Alaska Native Founda- tion. Their study has included : --A marketing and economic analysis --A marine transportation analysis --Mine planning and design --An environmental assessment They were commissioned to find how to utilize coal at a community level for space heating and power generation. : Mr. Gillan said the Western Arctic Coal Resource is located near Pt. Lay and is a small part of the North Slope Reserve. It has reserves of 16-60 mil- lion tons of coal; a 30-year mining operation. The coal is of high grade in comparison to coal in other parts of Alaska. Alaska Power Authority (APA) has commissioned several studies of Alaskan coal in the last 5 years. Arctic Slope's task has been to narrow down the expected costs. He listed the following potential benefits to State resi- dents as: --Lowering cost of energy --Long-term employment where there is a low level of employment --Develop a local tax base --Develop transportation facilities as roads, ports etc. ~- --Use existing technology and skills . Mr. Gillan emphasized the fact that cost per ton goes down as production in- creases. They estimate half the cost compared to our present, cost of fuel oil. : MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY BY DICK DRAKE Mr. Drake said Nome and Kivalina were arbitrarily chosen as possible example in this market region.in proving coal is economically and technically su-. perior to oil. Arctic Slope expects.a 20,000 ton annual coal consumption for Nome or 74 tons per day. M-3 «Minutes Nome Planning Commission July 23, 1985 Page three . AGENDA CONTINUED Mr. Drake pointed out a number of types of plants have been evaluated as ways of using coal to generate electric power and heat in comparison to diesel baseline. Nome would need a plant to generate 3400-3500 KW. An area for equipment, storage, and maintenance would probably require 70' x 140' in size. Nineteen people are projected to run the plant in three shifts. It would cost about $19 million to install the plant in Nome. DISTRICT HEATING OPTIONS BY GEORGE KANE Mr. Kane said district heating has been used in Scandinavia. He said Arc- tic Slope has developed a system including Nome's Elementary School and the Norton Sound Hospital at a cost of $1,558,000 and another with the High School at a cost of $6,500,000. The business district. could be tied in. He said fuel cost is zero. Operation and maintenance (9§M) costs would run about $2.15 per million BTU. He said Nome residents now pay about $9.10 per million BTU. le asked for input as to where such a plant could be installed. He suggested the east end of the Elementary School by the existing Alaska Gold plant. He said there are other alternatives as in- dividual coal-fired units and electric resistence heating units. DISCUSSION --WHAT INITIAL START-UP COSTS ARE THERE AND HOW WOULD THEY BE FINANCED? --There are task forces working on that aspect. --Third part bids could be solicited to include operations. Power would be sold to the City. --WHAT TIME-LINE IS PROJECTED FOR A TOTAL CHANGE-OVER IN POWER? --Design and plant construction would take approximately one season. --It would probably take two seasons to start up the mine and to begin shipping. --HOW DOES THE COST OF CANADIAN COAI, COMPARE TO ALASKA COAL? --Canadian prices seem to fluctuate. --The Alaska Study is not yet complete. --Projected capital costs and combustion and machinery efficiencies are good figures. --NOME RESIDENTS ARE INTERESTED IN PERFORMANCE AND COST. THERE ARE NO EX- AMPLES. SMALL PLANTS ARE NOT IN DEMAND IN THE STATES. NOME WOULD BE- COME AN EXPERIMENT. --Could a coal-fired plant be installed at the Red Dog Mine where demand is high and power could be shipped to the villages? --If plants were installed at Healy, the University, or Airforce bases, we would have a better idea of costs. --Arctic Slope estimates conversion costs at eeee rs 559" per 1200 SF house- hold. Smaller households would cost less. --A test project at Pt. Lay would help establish costs. Arctic Slope said they are informing the public of their progress. They are not looking for commitments at this time. They will have written re- ports available when the study is completed. “It was pointed out Nome could be looking for an alternate means of providing heat, electricity, or both. The Planning Commission asked the consultants to investigate current technology for individual homeowner coal-fired units. M-4