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Home My WebLink AboutAPPENDIX 2 - NVKK REF - Appendices 2 - Documentation for Previous Phases Award Number Award Title Performance Period Recipient Organization & Address Phone: Recipient DUNS # TIN # Authority CFDA Number Denali Commission Finance Officer Certification Cost Share Distribution Table Signature of Authorized Official - Denali Commission Typed Name and Title Date Financial Assistance Award DENALI COMMISSION Anchorage, Alaska 99501 (907) 271-1414 (phone) (907) 271-1415 (fax) www.denali.gov through Joseph Stovall Director of Programs 11/05/2020Electronically Signed This award is not for Research and Development. 112 Stat 1854 90.100 784057432 92-0068593 Native Village of Kluti-Kaah October 1, 2020 December 31, 2021 Biomass Heat Energy - Copper Center, Alaska 01620-00 Accounting Code Total PO BOX 68 Mile 104 Richerdson Hwy Copper Center, AK 99573-0068 Native Village of Kluti-Kaah $315,000.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $315,000.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $75,700.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $390,700.00$315,000.00 $75,700.00 $0.00 $0.00 Denali Commission Denali Commission Other Contributors Other Contributors New Funding Prior Period Funding Total 95670000 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $75,700.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 This Financial Assistance Award approved by the Federal Co-Chair of the Denali Commission constitutes an obligation of federal funding. Rev: 05/2008 510 L Street, Suite 410 AWARD ATTACHMENTS Native Village of Kluti-Kaah 01620-00 Terms and Conditions1. Attachment A2. Budget and Funding Summary3. Financial Assistance Award Terms and Conditions Between the Denali Commission and Native Village of Kluti-Kaah For Biomass Heat Energy – Copper Center, Alaska Award No. 1620 1. Project Summary a. Scope of Work: Construction of a woodchip district heating system for the Native Village of Kluti-Kaah (NVKK) to serve the NVKK Tribal Hall, maintenance shop, Headstart building, and Tribal Office/clinic building in Copper Center, Alaska. b. Deliverables: Fully operational woodchip district heating system. c. Budget: The Commission is making $315,000 available for the project via this Financial Assistance Award (FAA). This amount includes all direct, indirect, and pre-award costs (if any) authorized pursuant to 2 CFR 200.458. Local match for this FAA in the amount of $75,700 is being provided by NVKK. All Commission funding is intended to be used for the scope of work identified in this FAA only. Any funds remaining after the full scope of work has been completed shall be returned to the Denali Commission consistent with 2 CFR 200.345. d. Delivery Method: NVKK will oversee the project and provide financial management. Ahtna Inter Tribal Resource Commission (AITRC) will provide project management and technical support, including the role of Owner’s representative to monitor the quality of the design, installation and commissioning. NVKK will contract with a design-build to complete the implementation of the project. e. Performance Period: The Period of Performance for this FAA is October 1, 2020 through December 31, 2021. In accordance with 2 CFR 200.309 Recipients can only incur obligations or costs against this FAA during the Period of Performance, unless specifically authorized in the Special Provisions (Section 14 of this document). If a project cannot be completed within the approved Period of Performance, an extension request must be made in accordance with the Commission’s Recipient Guidelines and Requirements (RGR) document dated September 2018, available at www.denali.gov. More detailed information on scope, deliverables, budget, funding, project delivery method and/or management plan, schedule and key milestones are included in Attachment A dated September 30, 2020. 2. Project Reporting and Commission Site Visits Progress reports and a close-out report are required under this FAA. Progress Reports shall be submitted at the frequency stipulated in the Special Provisions. The Closeout Report shall be completed within 90-days of the end of the Period of Performance. All reports must be submitted using the Denali Commission’s on-line Award Conditions, Award No. 1620 Page 2 of 7 Native Village of Kluti-Kaah Project Database System, available at www.denali.gov/dcpdb. Commission staffor agents of the Commission may make visits to the project site and/or home office to monitor progress during and/or after the Period of Performance. The Recipient shall coordinate and make information available as necessary to facilitate any such site visits. Refer to the Recipient Guidelines and Requirements document for further information related to reports and site visits. 3. Payments Payments under this FAA will be made in accordance with 2 CFR 200.305 by electronic transfer in response to a Standard Form 270 (SF-270) “Request for Advance or Reimbursement”, submitted by the Recipient. At a minimum, all 270’s must include summary cost information on labor, materials, contracts/consultants, and indirect costs. Detailed documentation is required for any single expenditure greater than $50,000. If Pre-award Costs and/or Advance Payments are authorized under this FAA, the Special Provisions will indicate so. Requests for reimbursements may be made as needed. Refer to the Recipient Guidelines and Requirements document for further information about submitting SF-270’s. 4. Modifications In accordance with 2 CFR 200.308, the Recipient shall report deviations in project scope, budget, delivery method, management plan, schedule, or changed site conditions, and request prior approvals from the Program Manager. The Recipient shall also submit written requests to the Program Manager for the replacement of Key Staff identified in the Special Provisions. Refer to the Recipient Guidelines and Requirements document for further information about modifying a Financial Assistance Award. 5. Financial Management, Record Keeping, Internal Controls, and Audits The Recipient must have financial management and record keeping systems that are consistent with 2 CFR 200.302. If the Recipient is a State organization it must expend and account for FAA funds in accordance with applicable State laws and procedures for expending and accounting for the State’s own funds. The Recipient must establish and maintain effective internal controls with respect to this FAA that are consistent with 2 CFR 200.303. In accordance with 2 CFR 200.501, Recipients that expend $750,000 or more of federal funds in a year shall have a single or program-specific audit conducted for that year. Award Conditions, Award No. 1620 Page 3 of 7 Native Village of Kluti-Kaah Refer to the Recipient Guidelines and Requirements document for further information about financial management, record keeping, internal controls and audits. 6. Direct and Indirect Costs All direct costs must be allowable and reasonable. Indirect costs must be allocable based on accepted accounting policies and practices. Indirect costs must be specifically included as a line item or identified with appropriate notes in the approved FAA budget. Refer to 2 CFR 200 Subpart E (Cost Principles) and the Recipient Guidelines and Requirements document for further information on direct and indirect costs. 7. Sub-Awards All sub-awards and contracts issued by the Recipient under this FAA must comply with 2 CFR 200.331 and 332. 8. Procurements a. States: In accordance with 2 CFR 200.317, when procuring property and services under this FAA, a State Recipient must follow the same policies and procedures it uses for procurements from its non-Federal funds. The State Recipient must also comply with 2 CFR 200.322, and ensure that every purchase order or contract includes any clauses and provisions required by 2 CFR 200.326. b. Other Non-Federal Entities: All other non-Federal Recipients, including subrecipients of a State, must follow their own documented procurement procedures, provided that the procedures conform to applicable Federal law and the standards in 2 CFR 200.318 through 200.326. Refer to the Recipient Guidelines and Requirements document for further information on this subject. 9. Acknowledgement of Support The Recipient shall name the Denali Commission as a financial contributor and project/program partner in all media correspondence related to the work supported by this FAA. If Commission funds are used for construction, the Recipient shall also display a sign at the construction site that acknowledges the Commission’s support. Refer to the Recipient Guidelines and Requirements document for further information on this subject. 10. Real Property and Equipment The Disposition requirements and restrictions set forth in 2 CFR 200.310 through 200.316 apply, unless specifically altered in the Special Provisions to this FAA. Award Conditions, Award No. 1620 Page 4 of 7 Native Village of Kluti-Kaah Any Real Property reporting requirements apply in accordance with 2 CFR 200.329 will be stipulated in the Special Provisions to this FAA. 11. Conflict of Interest In accordance with 2 CFR 200.112, the Recipient must disclose in writing any potential conflicts of interest to the Commission. In addition, 2 CFR 200.318 requires that Recipients maintain written standards of conduct covering conflicts of interest and governing the performance of their employees engaged in the selection, award, and administration of contracts. Refer to the Recipient Guidelines and Requirements document for further information on this subject. 12. Denali Commission Policies Recipients may be required to comply with certain published Denali Commission policies which can be found in the Recipient Guidelines and Requirements document. Any specific requirements or deliverables related to these policies will be stipulated in the Special Provisions to this FAA. 13. Laws and Regulations Recipients are required to comply with all applicable Federal laws and regulations. General categories of potentially applicable laws and regulations are summarized below. Refer to the Recipient Guidelines and Requirements document for further information on specific laws and regulations that may apply. a. Debarment and Suspension b. Whistle-blower Protection c. Non-Discrimination d. Lobbying and Propaganda e. Environmental f. Drug-Free Workplace g. Travel h. Human Rights i. Animal Welfare j. Executive Compensation 14. Other Provisions a. The United States expressly disclaims any and all responsibility or liability to the Recipient or sub-recipients for the actions of the Recipient or sub-recipients resulting in death, bodily injury, property damages, or any other losses resulting in any way from the performance of this FAA, including sub-awards, contracts, or sub-contracts issued in connection with this FAA. b. To the maximum extent practicable, considering applicable laws, the Recipient Award Conditions, Award No. 1620 Page 5 of 7 Native Village of Kluti-Kaah shall accomplish the project contemplated by this FAA using local Alaska firms and labor. c. All terms and conditions contained in this FAA apply to any sub-recipient under this FAA. d. Failure to comply with the provisions of this FAA or maintain satisfactory performance may result in additional FAA conditions pursuant to 2 CFR 207. This includes but is not limited to: temporarily withholding of payments pending the correction of the deficiency; disallowance of project costs; wholly or partially suspending or terminating the FAA. In addition, failure to comply with the provisions of this FAA may also have a negative impact on the Recipient’s eligibility for future Federal awards. 15. Special Provisions Progress Reports: Shall be submitted on a quarterly basis. The first reporting period is October 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020, and quarterly thereafter in accordance with the Commission’s Recipient Guidelines and Requirements”. Pre-award Costs: N/A. Advance Payments: NA. Key Staff: Willard Hand, Tribal Administrator; Sage Wilson, Bookkeeper Denali Commission Policies: N/A. NEPA: See provisions in Attachment A. Cooperative Agreement: NVKK agrees to cooperate and collaborate with the Denali Commission during the project. The Commission will participate in those specific activities stipulated in Attachment A. Equipment Disposition: When any equipment with a current per unit fair market value greater than $5,000 acquired with Denali Commission funds is no longer needed for the originally authorized purpose outlined in this FAA, AVEC must contact the Commission for disposition instructions in accordance with 2 CFR 200.313. Insurance: The Denali Commission shall be named additional insured on NVKK’s General Liability Insurance Policy, the General Liability Insurance Policy of the prime architectural/engineering firm(s) retained to design the project, the Liability Insurance Policy of the first tier construction firm(s) who will construct the project, and the Liability Insurance Policy of all other independent professional service firms (e.g. land surveyors, geotechnical engineers ) with a Award Conditions, Award No. 1620 Page 6 of 7 Native Village of Kluti-Kaah primary role on the project. Bonds: Payment and Performance bonds in accordance with 2 CFR 200.325. Ownership and Site Control: NVKK shall develop and execute all necessary documents and agreements required to establish site control and/or right of access to any properties effected by execution of the project. Davis Bacon Wages: N/A. Climate Change: During design evaluate the woodchip boiler site for permafrost thaw potential and associated settlement. Real Property Disposition: When the original ownership or lease arrangements for the real property improvements change, or when the real property improvements are no longer needed for the originally authorized purpose, NVKK must contact the Commission for approvals and/or disposition instructions in accordance with 2 CFR 200.311. Real Property Reporting: Applies per 2 CFR 200.329. Reporting will be every five years, to begin at the end of the performance period and continue through the useful life of the facilities. Refer to Section IX of the Recipient Guidelines and Requirements document for instructions on how to submit the required reports. Award Conditions, Award No. 1620 Page 7 of 7 Native Village of Kluti-Kaah 16. Program Manager, Financial Manager & Other Contact Information Denali Commission NVKK Tom Wolf Willlard Hand Tribal Administrator P.O. Box 68 Copper Center, AK 99573 Phone : 907-822-5541, ext. 224 Fax : 907-822-5130 E-mail: nvkkgov@klutikaah.com Program Manager 510 L Street, Suite 410 Anchorage, AK 99501 Phone: 907-271-5232 Fax: 907-271-1415 E-mail: twolf@denali.gov Janet Davis Grants Management Officer 510 L Street, Suite 410 Anchorage, AK 99501 Phone: 907-271-3036 Fax: 907-271-1415 E-mail: jdavis@denali.gov Sage Wilson Bookkeeper P.O. Box 68 Copper Center, AK 99573 Phone : 907-822-5541 Fax : 907-822-5130 E-mail: nvkkaccounting@cvinternet.net Financial Assistance Award 1620 Between the Denali Commission and Native Village of Kluti-Kaah For Biomass Heat Energy – Copper Center, Alaska Attachment A September 30, 2020 a. Scope of Work: Construction of a woodchip district heating system for the Native Village of Kluti-Kaah (NVKK)) for the NVKK Tribal Hall, maintenance shop, Headstart building, and Tribal Office/clinic building in Copper Center, Alaska. b. Deliverables: • Completed Denali Commission CATEX checklist • Installed and fully functional woodchip district heating system • A final report detailing the entire project and outcomes c. Budget: See attached Budget and Funding Summary dated September 30, 2020. Delivery Method: NVKK will issue a competitive RFP for a design-build contractor to complete the implementation of this Phase 1 wood chip heating project. Approval of the project from the State Fire Marshal will be a deliverable of the design-build contractor. NVKK’s Tribal Administrator/Business Manager and will be responsible for and oversee the project. NVKK’s bookkeeper will be responsible for the financial management of the project. Ahtna Inter Tribal Resource Commission (AITRC) will provide project management and technical support through an additional funding source - Department of Energy Office of Indian Energy and additional in-kind match. AITRC has Deer Stone Consulting and Plenergy Solutions on contract for technical support on this project and other renewable energy work in the Copper River region. This support will focus on development of the RFP’s and technology selection. Plenergy Solutions will also fill the role of Owner’s representative to monitor the quality of the design, installation, and commissioning. The Denali Commission shall participate in a site visit to the fully installed woodchip heating system in Copper Center. d. Schedule: Key project milestones are summarized below. October 1, 2020 – October 30, 2020 Develop RFP for a design-build contract November 1, 2020 – January 31, 2020 Issue RFP; select design-build firm and finalize contract February 1, 2021 – February 28, 2021 Conduct site visit to gather site specific information for design February 1, 2021 – March 31, 2021 Compete 65% design and boiler performance specification April 1, 2021 – August 31, 2021 Procure and ship Phased 1 containerized wood boiler to Copper Center April 1, 2021 - May 31, 2021 Complete the final minimal design with the construction manager and secure Fire Marshal Permit July 1, 2021 – August 31, 2021 Develop detailed construction workplan August 1, 2021 – October 31, 2021 Complete construction of Phase 1 November 1, 2022 – December 31, 2021 Project commissioning, performance monitoring and verification e. NEPA: NVKK shall supply NEPA documentation consistent with the Denali Commission policies and procedures published in 45 CFR Part 900 on October 1, 2016. The documentation shall cover the woodchip heating system construction and all other related construction supported via this Financial Assistance Award. No construction activities may commence until the NEPA process is complete. Award 1620 Kluti-Kaah Biomass Energy Copper Center, Alaska Budget and Funding Summary September 30, 2020 1 2 Labor Kluti-Kaah Kluti-Kaah $12,000 343 hours at $35/hour 3 Fringe Benefits Kluti-Kaah Kluti-Kaah $2,400 20% of Line 2 4 $14,400 5 6 Containerized Boiler & Woodchip Feed - Phase 1 USFS Kluti-Kaah $10,000 7 Piping and Mechanical USFS Kluti-Kaah $125,000 Assume 1 PO at ~$43,000. All other PO's < $25,000. 8 Electrical/Controls Materials Allowance USFS Kluti-Kaah $10,000 9a Bulk Chip Storage USFS Kluti-Kaah $20,000 9b Bulk Chip Storage Kluti-Kaah Kluti-Kaah $10,000 10 $175,000 11 12 Site Work Commission Contractor $10,000 13 Mechanical Installation Commission Contractor $75,000 14a Electrical/Controls Installation Commission Contractor $5,000 14b Electrical/Controls Installation Kluti-Kaah Contractor $10,000 15 Construction Management Kluti-Kaah Contractor $10,000 16 Owner's Representative Technical Support Kluti-Kaah Contractor $6,600 17 $116,600 18 19 Shipping Commission Kluti-Kaah $25,000 20 Contingency Commission Kluti-Kaah $35,000 21 $60,000 22 $366,000 23 Indirect Costsc Kluti-Kaah Kluti-Kaah $24,700 10% of lines 6, 8, 9a, 12, and 14a; 10% of $82,000 of line 7; 10% of the first $25,000 of $43,000 of line 7; and 10% of the first $25,000 of lines 13, 19, and 20 24 $390,700 Line Source Award or Reference Amount 25 Denali Commission This Action $150,000 26 US Forest Service This Action $165,000 Lines 6, 7, 8, and 9a 27 Kluti-Kaah Local Match This Action $75,700 28 $390,700Total Funding Available As Of This Action FUNDING Notes Provided By Amount Basis/NotesItem Additional Notes a. Budget per funding request submitted by Kluti-Kaah dated July 28, 2020 b. Modified Total Direct Costs per 2 CFR 200.68 c. Kluuti-Kaah does not have a federally negotiated indirect rate; use the 10% de-minimus rate in 2 CFR 200.414. The amount of this line is an estimate only; the 10% indirect rate will be applied to actual eligible reimbursable direct costs submitted by AEA to the Denali Commission pursuant to this FAA. Kluuti-Kaah will not seek reimbursement for indirect costs. They will contribute the costs as a local match. Personnel Lines 4, 9b, 14b, 15, 16, and 23; >20% of Line 22 BUDGETa Subtotal Total Line Funded By Subtotal Equipment and Materials Subtotal Contractual Other Other Subtotal Construction Total OMB 0596-0217 Expiration Date: 11/30/2017 Rev. (12-13) Caring for the Land and Serving People Printed on Recycled Paper FEDERAL FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE AWARD OF DOMESTIC GRANT 20-DG-11100106-804 Between The THE NATIVE VILLAGE OF KLUTI-KAAH And The USDA, FOREST SERVICE STATE AND PRIVATE FORESTRY ALASKA AND PACIFIC NORTHWEST REGION Project Title: Biomass Heat Energy for Alaska Native Village of Kluti-Kaah Upon execution of this document, an award to The Native Village of Kluti-Kaah, hereinafter referred to as “The Native Village of Kluti-Kaah,” in the amount of $250,000.00, is made under the authority of Rural Revitalization Through Forestry, Public Law 101–624, Section (d) Rural Revitalization Technologies (1990); P.L. 108-148 title II, Section 202 (2003); P. L. 110– 234, title VII (2008); and P.L. 110-246 title VII (2008); P.L. 113-79, title VIII, Section 8201 (2014); and P.L. 115-334, title VIII, Section 8701 (2018) extending the program through 2023. The Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance (CFDA) number and name are 10.674, Wood Utilization Assistance. The Native Village of Kluti-Kaah accepts this award for the purpose described in the application narrative. Your application for Federal financial assistance, dated 01/15/2020, and the attached Forest Service provisions, ‘Forest Service Award Provisions,’ are incorporated into this letter and made a part of this award. This authority requires a match of 2:1 (Federal/Non-Federal), which your organization has agreed to meet, as shown in the attached application, financial plan and narrative. For every $2 of Federal funding requested, applicants must provide at least $1 match. This is an award of Federal financial assistance. Prime and sub-recipients to this award are subject to the OMB guidance in subparts A through F of 2 CFR Part 200 as adopted and supplemented by the USDA in 2 CFR Part 400. Adoption by USDA of the OMB guidance in 2 CFR 400 gives regulatory effect to the OMB guidance in 2 CFR 200 where full text may be found. Electronic copies of the CFRs can be obtained at the following internet site: www.ecfr.gov. If you are unable to retrieve these regulations electronically, please contact your Grants and Agreements Office at 503-808-2338. The following administrative provisions apply to this award: A. LEGAL AUTHORITY. The Native Village of Kluti-Kaah shall have the legal authority to enter into this award, and the institutional, managerial, and financial capability to ensure proper planning, management, and completion of the project, which includes funds sufficient to pay the non-Federal share of project costs, when applicable. Award Number: 20-DG-11100106-804 OMB 0596-0217 Expiration Date: 11/30/2017 Rev. (12-13) Page 2 of 17 B. PRINCIPAL CONTACTS. Individuals listed below are authorized to act in their respective areas for matters related to this award. Principal Cooperator Contacts: Cooperator Program Contact Cooperator Administrative Contact Willard Hand Tribal Administrator PO BOX 68 Copper Center, AK 99573 907-822-5541 Nvkkgov.klutikaah.com Principal Forest Service Contacts: Forest Service Program Manager Contact Forest Service Administrative Contact Priscilla Morris USDA Forest Service State and Private Forestry 161 1St Avenue, door 8 Anchorage, AK 99501 252-725-7524 Priscilla.morris@usda.gov Faydra Lampshire USDA Forest Service State and Private Forestry 161 1St Avenue, door 8 Anchorage, AK 99501 907-743-9462 SPF shared Inbox: SM.FS.spf- reports@usda.gov C. SYSTEM FOR AWARD MANAGEMENT REGISTRATION REQUIREMENT (SAM). The Native Village of Kluti-Kaah shall maintain current information in the System for Award Management (SAM) until receipt of final payment. This requires review and update to the information at least annually after the initial registration, and more frequently if required by changes in information or award term(s Additional information about registration procedures may be found at the SAM Internet site at www.sam.gov. D. REIMBURSABLE PAYMENTS – FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE. Reimbursable payments are approved under this award. Only costs for those project activities approved in (1) the initial award, or (2) modifications thereto, are allowable. Requests for payment must be submitted on Standard Form 270 (SF-270), Request for Advance or Reimbursement, and must be submitted at least bi-annually and no more than monthly. In order to approve a Request for Advance Payment or Reimbursement, the Forest Service shall review such requests to ensure advances or payments for Award Number: 20-DG-11100106-804 OMB 0596-0217 Expiration Date: 11/30/2017 Rev. (12-13) Page 3 of 17 reimbursement are in compliance and otherwise consistent with OMB, USDA, and Forest Service regulations. The Program Manager reserves the right to request additional information prior to approving a payment. Recipient’s financial and performance reports must be current prior to approval of invoices (see Financial and Performance report Provisions in Attachment A for details on due dates and submittal process). The invoice must be sent by one of three methods: Send a copy (cc email) to: EMAIL (preferred): SM.FS.asc_ga@usda.gov FAX: 877-687-4894 POSTAL: Albuquerque Service Center Payments – Grants & Agreements 101B Sun Ave NE Albuquerque, NM 87109 Wood Innovation Shared Inbox: SM.FS.spfr6-wig@usda.gov E. INDIRECT COST RATES. The recipient has elected to not charge indirect rate at this time. F. PRIOR WRITTEN APPROVAL. The Native Village of Kluti-Kaah shall obtain prior written approval pursuant to conditions set forth in 2 CFR 200.407. G. MODIFICATIONS. Modifications within the scope of this award must be made by mutual consent of the parties, by the issuance of a written modification signed and dated by all properly authorized signatory officials, prior to any changes being performed. Requests for modification should be made, in writing, at least 30 days prior to implementation of the requested change. The Forest Service is not obligated to fund any changes not properly approved in advance. H. PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE. This agreement is executed as of the date of the Forest Service signatory official signature. The start date of this award is 08/01/2020 The end date, or expiration date is 07/31/2023. This instrument may be extended by a properly executed modification. See Modification Provision above. I. AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVES. By signature below, each party certifies that the individuals listed in this document as representatives of the individual parties are authorized to act in their respective areas for matters related to this award. In witness whereof the parties hereto have executed this award. Award Number: 20-DG-11100106-804 OMB 0596-0217 Expiration Date: 11/30/2017 Rev. (12-13) Page 4 of 17 WILLARD HAND Tribal Administrator DEBBIE A. HOLLEN, Director State and Private Forestry USDA Forest Service, Alaska and Pacific Northwest Regions Date The authority and the format of this award have been reviewed and approved for signature. FAYDRA LAMPSHIRE Forest Service Grants Management Specialist Date FAYDRA LAMPSHIRE Digitally signed by FAYDRA LAMPSHIRE Date: 2020.08.09 12:12:00 -08'00' Award Number: 20-DG-11100106-804 OMB 0596-0217 Expiration Date: 11/30/2017 Rev. (12-13) Page 5 of 17 ATTACHMENT A: FOREST SERVICE AWARD PROVISIONS A. COLLABORATIVE ARRANGEMENTS. Where permitted by terms of the award and Federal law, The Native Village of Kluti-Kaah a may enter into collaborative arrangements with other organizations to jointly carry out activities with Forest Service funds available under this award. B. FOREST SERVICE LIABILITY TO THE RECIPIENT. The United States shall not be liable to The Native Village of Kluti-Kaah for any costs, damages, claims, liabilities, and judgments that arise in connection with the performance of work under this award, including damage to any property owned by The Native Village of Kluti-Kaah or any third party. C. NOTICES. Any notice given by the Forest Service or The Native Village of Kluti- Kaah will be sufficient only if in writing and delivered in person, mailed, or transmitted electronically by e-mail or fax, as follows: To the Forest Service Program Manager, at the address specified in the award. To The Native Village of Kluti-Kaah,at the address shown in the award or such other address designated within the award. Notices will be effective when delivered in accordance with this provision, or on the effective date of the notice, whichever is later. D. SUBAWARDS. The Native Village of Kluti-Kaah shall notify Subrecipients under this award that they are subject to the OMB guidance in subparts A through F of 2 CFR Part 200, as adopted and supplemented by the USDA in 2 CFR Part 400. Any sub-award must follow the regulations found in 2 CFR 200.330 through .332. E. FINANCIAL STATUS REPORTING. A Federal Financial Report, Standard Form SF- 425 (and Federal Financial Report Attachment, SF-425A, if required for reporting multiple awards), must be submitted annually. These reports are due 90 days after the reporting period ending December 31. Reports must be sent to the Forest Service Program Manager for review (see Provision B for contact information) by the required due date. Carbon Copy (cc) SM.FS.spfr6-wig@usda.gov on your transmittal. Reports must be current prior to payment of invoices (see Advance and Reimbursable payment provision in grant award). The final SF-425 (and SF-425A, if applicable) must be submitted either with the final payment request or no later than 90 days from the expiration date of the award. These forms may be found at www.whitehouse.gov/omb/grants_forms. F. PROGRAM PERFORMANCE REPORTS. The recipient shall perform all actions identified and funded in application/modification narratives within the performance period identified in award. In accordance with 2 CFR 200 301, reports must relate financial data to performance Award Number: 20-DG-11100106-804 OMB 0596-0217 Expiration Date: 11/30/2017 Rev. (12-13) Page 6 of 17 accomplishments of the federal award. The Native Village of Kluti-Kaah shall submit annual performance reports. These reports are due 90 days after the reporting period end. The final performance report shall be submitted either with The Native Village of Kluti-Kaah’s final payment request, or separately, but not later than 90 days from the expiration date of the award. - Additional pertinent information: Performance reports must be sent to the Forest Service Program Manager for review (see Provision B for contact information) by the required due date. Carbon Copy (cc) SM.FS.spfr6-wig@usda.gov on your transmittal. Reports must be current prior to payment of invoices (see Advance and Reimbursable payment provision in grant award). A detailed Final Progress Report is required. Suggested templates for the Final Progress Report are on the reporting requirements page of the Wood Innovations homepage. The Final Progress Report includes the following items: o Final Outcomes Report – A one-page document that includes outcomes, such as jobs created, impacts to the local and/or national economy and markets, and any other notable successes deemed significant to this project. o Final Summary Report – A brief overview of accomplishments by goals and objectives included in the approved agreement. Final summaries will be added to the Wood Innovations homepage. o Final Accomplishment Report – A detailed report that includes a project overview; goals and objectives; methodology; results, discussion, and findings; summary, conclusion, and recommendations; and photographs (if appropriate). This report can include various assessments, reports, case studies, and related documents that resulted from the project’s activities. G. NOTIFICATION. The Native Village of Kluti-Kaah shall immediately notify the Forest Service of developments that have a significant impact on the activities supported under this award. Also, notification must be given in case of problems, delays or adverse conditions that materially impair the ability to meet the objectives of the award. This notification must include a statement of the action taken or contemplated, and any assistance needed to resolve the situation. H. CHANGES IN KEY PERSONNEL. Any revision to key personnel identified in this award requires notification of the Forest Service Program Manager by email or letter. I. USE OF FOREST SERVICE INSIGNIA. In order for The Native Village of Kluti- Kaah to use the Forest Service insignia on any published media, such as a Web page, printed publication, or audiovisual production, permission must be granted by the Forest Service’s Office of Communications (Washington Office). A written request will be submitted by Forest Service, Program Manager, to the Office of Communications Assistant Director, Visual Information and Publishing Services prior Award Number: 20-DG-11100106-804 OMB 0596-0217 Expiration Date: 11/30/2017 Rev. (12-13) Page 7 of 17 to use of the insignia. The Forest Service Program Manager will notify The Native Village of Kluti-Kaah when permission is granted. J. PURCHASE OF EQUIPMENT. Equipment approved for purchase under this award is available only for use as authorized. Title to the equipment rests with the Recipient as long as the equipment is used for its intended purpose. The Forest Service reserves an interest in any equipment where the Forest Service’s proportionate share of the per-unit value is $5,000 or greater. Valuation is based on current fair-market value. To ensure that the federal interest is properly recorded, the recipient shall file a UCC1 form with the applicable State government agency and provide evidence of the filing to the Forest Service Program Manager at the time payment is requested for the equipment purchase, or within 30 days of an advance of funds for the purchase. The recipient is expected to maintain the UCC filing until the equipment has a fair market value of less than $5,000 or is otherwise disposed of following instructions from the Forest Service. The equipment may not be used as collateral, sold, or otherwise transferred to another party without the written permission of the Forest Service. The Recipient shall inventory equipment acquired in part or in whole with Forest Service funds annually/biannually (select one) and shall submit a copy of the inventory to the Program Manager. A final inventory shall be submitted for closeout. The Recipient may use Tangible Personal Property Report Standard Forms (SF) 428 and SF-428-S, Supplemental Sheet, or Recipient’s equivalent inventory report. The annual/biannual (select one) report must be filed December 31, due within 90 days, but no later than March 31 of the following year. The final report must be due within 90 days from the expiration date of the award. The Recipient shall use the Tangible Personal Property Report Standard Forms (SF) 428 and SF-428-C, Disposition Request, should the Recipient determine any item of equipment is no longer needed or has been lost, destroyed, or stolen. After receipt of the SF-428-C, the Forest Service shall issue disposition instructions within 120 days. K. PUBLIC NOTICES. It is Forest Service's policy to inform the public as fully as possible of its programs and activities. The Native Village of Kluti-Kaah is encouraged to give public notice of the receipt of this award and, from time to time, to announce progress and accomplishments. The Native Village of Kluti-Kaah may call on Forest Service's Office of Communication for advice regarding public notices. The Native Village of Kluti-Kaah is requested to provide copies of notices or announcements to the Forest Service Program Manager and to Forest Service's Office Communications as far in advance of release as possible. Award Number: 20-DG-11100106-804 OMB 0596-0217 Expiration Date: 11/30/2017 Rev. (12-13) Page 8 of 17 L. FOREST SERVICE ACKNOWLEDGED IN PUBLICATIONS, AUDIOVISUALS, AND ELECTRONIC MEDIA. The Native Village of Kluti-Kaah shall acknowledge Forest Service support in any publications, audiovisuals, and electronic media developed as a result of this award. Follow direction in USDA Supplemental 2 CFR 415.2. M. COPYRIGHTING. The Native Village of Kluti-Kaah is/are granted sole and exclusive right to copyright any publications developed as a result of this award. This includes the right to publish and vend throughout the world in any language and in all media and forms, in whole or in part, for the full term of copyright and all renewals thereof in accordance with this award. No original text or graphics produced and submitted by the Forest Service shall be copyrighted. The Forest Service reserves a royalty-free, nonexclusive, and irrevocable right to reproduce, publish, or otherwise use, and to authorize others to use the work for federal government purposes. This right shall be transferred to any sub-awards or subcontracts. This provision includes: x The copyright in any work developed by The Native Village of Kluti-Kaah under this award. x Any right of copyright to which The Native Village of Kluti-Kaah purchase(s) ownership with any federal contributions. N. NONDISCRIMINATION STATEMENT – PRINTED, ELECTRONIC, OR AUDIOVISUAL MATERIAL. The Native Village of Kluti-Kaah shall include the following statement, in full, in any printed, audiovisual material, or electronic media for public distribution developed or printed with any Federal funding. In accordance with Federal law and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) civil rights regulations and policies, this institution is prohibited from discriminating on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age, disability, and reprisal or retaliation for prior civil rights activity. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Program information may be made available in languages other than English. Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communication for program information (e.g., Braille, large print, audiotape, and American Sign Language) should contact the responsible State or local Agency that administers the program or USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TTY) or contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at (800) 877-8339. To file a program discrimination complaint, a complainant should complete a Form AD-3027, USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form, which can be obtained Award Number: 20-DG-11100106-804 OMB 0596-0217 Expiration Date: 11/30/2017 Rev. (12-13) Page 9 of 17 online at https://www.ocio.usda.gov/document/ad-3027, from any USDA office, by calling (866) 632-9992, or by writing a letter addressed to USDA. The letter must contain the complainant’s name, address, telephone number, and a written description of the alleged discriminatory action in sufficient detail to inform the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights (ASCR) about the nature and date of an alleged civil rights violation. The completed AD-3027 form or letter must be submitted to USDA by: (1) Mail: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20250-9410; o (2) Fax: (833) 256-1665 or (202) 690-7442; or (3) Email: program.intake@usda.gov. If the material is too small to permit the full Non-Discrimination Statement to be included, the material will, at a minimum, include the alternative statement: “This institution is an equal opportunity provider.” O. DISPUTES. 1. Any dispute under this award shall be decided by the Signatory Official. The Signatory Official shall furnish The Native Village of Kluti-Kaah a written copy of the decision. 2. Decisions of the Signatory Official shall be final unless, within 30 days of receipt of the decision of the Signatory Official, The Native Village of Kluti-Kaah appeal(s) the decision to the Forest Service's Director, State & Private Forestry (SPF). Any appeal made under this provision shall be in writing and addressed to the State & Private Forestry Director. A copy of the appeal shall be concurrently furnished to the Signatory Official. 3. In order to facilitate review on the record by the Director, SPF, The Native Village of Kluti-Kaah shall be given an opportunity to submit written evidence in support of its appeal. No hearing will be provided. 4. A decision under this provision by the Director, SPF is final. 5. The final decision by the Director, SPF does not preclude The Native Village of Kluti-Kaah from pursuing remedies available under the law. P. AWARD CLOSEOUT. The Recipient must submit, no later than 90 calendar days after the end date of the period of performance, all financial, performance, and other reports as required by the terms and conditions of the Federal award. Any unobligated balance of cash advanced to The Native Village of Kluti-Kaah must be immediately refunded to the Forest Service, including any interest earned in accordance with 2 CFR 200.343(d). Award Number: 20-DG-11100106-804 OMB 0596-0217 Expiration Date: 11/30/2017 Rev. (12-13) Page 10 of 17 If this award is closed without audit, the Forest Service reserves the right to disallow and recover an appropriate amount after fully considering any recommended disallowances resulting from an audit which may be conducted later. Q. TERMINATION. This award may be terminated, in whole or part pursuant to 2 CFR 200.339. R. DEBARMENT AND SUSPENSION. The Native Village of Kluti-Kaah shall immediately inform the Forest Service if they or any of their principals are presently excluded, debarred, or suspended from entering into covered transactions with the federal government according to the terms of 2 CFR Part 180. Additionally, should The Native Village of Kluti-Kaah or any of their principals receive a transmittal letter or other official federal notice of debarment or suspension, then they shall notify the Forest Service without undue delay. This applies whether the exclusion, debarment, or suspension is voluntary or involuntary. The Recipient shall adhere to 2 CFR Part 180 Subpart C in regards to review of sub-recipients or contracts for debarment and suspension. All subrecipients and contractors must complete the form AD-1048, Certification Regarding Debarment, Suspension, Ineligibility and Voluntary Exclusion, Lower Tier Covered Transactions. Blank forms are available electronically. Completed forms must be kept on file with the primary recipient. S. MEMBERS OF CONGRESS. Pursuant to 41 U.S.C. 22, no member of, or delegate to, Congress shall be admitted to any share or part of this award, or benefits that may arise therefrom, either directly or indirectly. T. TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS. 1. Provisions applicable to a Recipient that is a private entity. a. You as the Recipient, your employees, Subrecipients under this award, and Subrecipients’ employees may not: (1) Engage in severe forms of trafficking in persons during the period of time that the award is in effect; (2) Procure a commercial sex act during the period of time that the award is in effect; or (3) Use forced labor in the performance of the award or subawards under the award. b. We as the Federal awarding agency may unilaterally terminate this award, without penalty, if you or a Subrecipient that is a private entity: (1) Is determined to have violated a prohibition in paragraph a.1 of this award term; or (2) Has an employee who is determined by the agency official authorized to Award Number: 20-DG-11100106-804 OMB 0596-0217 Expiration Date: 11/30/2017 Rev. (12-13) Page 11 of 17 terminate the award to have violated a prohibition in paragraph a.1 of this award term through conduct that is either: i. Associated with performance under this award; or ii. Imputed to you or the subrecipient using the standards and due process for imputing the conduct of an individual to an organization that are provided in 2 CFR part 180, ‘‘OMB Guidelines to Agencies on Government wide Debarment and Suspension (Nonprocurement),’’. 2. Provision applicable to a Recipient other than a private entity. We as the Federal awarding agency may unilaterally terminate this award, without penalty, if a subrecipient that is a private entity: a. Is determined to have violated an applicable prohibition in paragraph a.1 of this award term; or b. Has an employee who is determined by the agency official authorized to terminate the award to have violated an applicable prohibition in paragraph a.1 of this award term through conduct that is either— (1) Associated with performance under this award; or (2) Imputed to the subrecipient using the standards and due process for imputing the conduct of an individual to an organization that are provided in 2 CFR part 180, ‘‘OMB Guidelines to Agencies on Governmentwide Debarment and Suspension (Nonprocurement),’’ 3. Provisions applicable to any recipient. a. You must inform us immediately of any information you receive from any source alleging a violation of a prohibition in paragraph a.1 of this award term. b. Our right to terminate unilaterally that is described in paragraph a.2 or b of this section: (1) Implements section 106(g) of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA), as amended (22 U.S.C. 7104(g)), and (2) Is in addition to all other remedies for noncompliance that are available to us under this award. c. You must include the requirements of paragraph a.1 of this award term in any subaward you make to a private entity. 4. Definitions. For purposes of this award term: a. ‘‘Employee’’ means either: (1) An individual employed by you or a subrecipient who is engaged in the performance of the project or program under this award; or (2) Another person engaged in the performance of the project or program under this award and not compensated by you including, but not limited to, a volunteer or individual whose services are contributed by a third party as an in-kind contribution toward cost sharing or matching requirements. b. ‘‘Forced labor’’ means labor obtained by any of the following methods: the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of Award Number: 20-DG-11100106-804 OMB 0596-0217 Expiration Date: 11/30/2017 Rev. (12-13) Page 12 of 17 subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery. c. ‘‘Private entity’’: (1) Means any entity other than a State, local government, Indian tribe, or foreign public entity, as those terms are defined in 2 CFR 175.25. (2) Includes: i. A nonprofit organization, including any nonprofit institution of higher education, hospital, or tribal organization other than one included in the definition of Indian tribe at 2 CFR 175.25(b). ii. A for-profit organization. d. ‘‘Severe forms of trafficking in persons,’’ ‘‘commercial sex act,’’ and ‘‘coercion’’ have the meanings given at section 103 of the TVPA, as amended (22 U.S.C. 7102). U. DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE. 1. The Native Village of Kluti-Kaah agree(s) that it will publish a drug-free workplace statement and provide a copy to each employee who will be engaged in the performance of any project/program that receives federal funding. The statement must a. Tell the employees that the unlawful manufacture, distribution, dispensing, possession, or use of a controlled substance is prohibited in its workplace; b. Specify the actions The Native Village of Kluti-Kaah will take against employees for violating that prohibition; and c. Let each employee know that, as a condition of employment under any award, the employee: (1) Shall abide by the terms of the statement, and (2) Shall notify The Native Village of Kluti-Kaah in writing if they are convicted for a violation of a criminal drug statute occurring in the workplace, and shall do so no more than 5 calendar days after the conviction. 2. The Native Village of Kluti-Kaah agree(s) that it will establish an ongoing drug- free awareness program to inform employ ees about a. The dangers of drug abuse in the workplace; b. The established policy of maintaining a drug-free workplace; c. Any available drug counseling, rehabilitation and employee assistance programs; and d. The penalties that you may impose upon them for drug abuse violations occurring in the workplace. 3. Without the Program Manager’s expressed written approval, the policy statement and program must be in place as soon as possible, no later than the 30 days after the effective date of this instrument, or the completion date of this award, whichever occurs first. Award Number: 20-DG-11100106-804 OMB 0596-0217 Expiration Date: 11/30/2017 Rev. (12-13) Page 13 of 17 4. The Native Village of Kluti-Kaah agrees to immediately notify the Program Manager if an employee is convicted of a drug violation in the workplace. The notification must be in writing, identify the employee’s position title, the award number of each award on which the employee worked. The notification must be sent to the Program Manager within 10 calendar days after The Native Village of Kluti-Kaah learns of the conviction. 5. Within 30 calendar days of learning about an employee’s conviction, The Native Village of Kluti-Kaah must either a. Take appropriate personnel action against the employee, up to and including termination, consistent with the requirements of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 USC 794), as amended, or b. Require the employee to participate satisfactorily in a drug abuse assistance or rehabilitation program approved for these purposes by a Federal, State or local health, law enforcement, or other appropriate agency. V. PROHIBITION AGAINST USING FUNDS WITH ENTITIES THAT REQUIRE CERTAIN INTERNAL CONFIDENTIALITY AGREEMENTS. 1. The recipient may not require its employees, contractors, or subrecipients seeking to report fraud, waste, or abuse to sign or comply with internal confidentiality agreements or statements prohibiting or otherwise restricting them from lawfully reporting that waste, fraud, or abuse to a designated investigative or law enforcement representative of a Federal department or agency authorized to receive such information. 2. The recipient must notify its employees, contractors, or subrecipients that the prohibitions and restrictions of any internal confidentiality agreements inconsistent with paragraph (1) of this award provision are no longer in effect. 3. The prohibition in paragraph (1) of this award provision does not contravene requirements applicable to any other form issued by a Federal department or agency governing the nondisclosure of classified information. 4. If the Government determines that the recipient is not in compliance with this award provision, it; a. Will prohibit the recipient’s use of funds under this award in accordance with sections 743, 744 of Division E of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016, (Pub. L. 114-113) or any successor provision of law; and b. May pursue other remedies available for the recipient’s material failure to comply with award terms and conditions. W. ELIGIBLE WORKERS. The Native Village of Kluti-Kaah shall ensure that all employees complete the I-9 form to certify that they are eligible for lawful employment under the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 USC 1324a). The Native Village of Kluti-Kaah shall comply with regulations regarding certification and retention of the completed forms. These requirements also apply to any contract or supplemental instruments awarded under this award. Award Number: 20-DG-11100106-804 OMB 0596-0217 Expiration Date: 11/30/2017 Rev. (12-13) Page 14 of 17 X. FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT (FOIA). Public access to award or agreement records must not be limited, except when such records must be kept confidential and would have been exempted from disclosure pursuant to Freedom of Information regulations (5 U.S.C. 552). Requests for research data are subject to 2 CFR 315(e). Public access to culturally sensitive data and information of Federally-recognized Tribes may also be explicitly limited by P.L. 110-234, Title VIII Subtitle B §8106 (2009 Farm Bill). Y. TEXT MESSAGING WHILE DRIVING. In accordance with Executive Order (EO) 13513, “Federal Leadership on Reducing Text Messaging While Driving,” any and all text messaging by Federal employees is banned: a) while driving a Government owned vehicle (GOV) or driving a privately owned vehicle (POV) while on official Government business; or b) using any electronic equipment supplied by the Government when driving any vehicle at any time. All Cooperatives, their Employees, Volunteers, and Contractors are encouraged to adopt and enforce policies that ban text messaging when driving company owned, leased or rented vehicles, POVs or GOVs when driving while on official Government business or when performing any work for or on behalf of the Government. Award Number: 20-DG-11100106-804 OMB 0596-0217 Expiration Date: 11/30/2017 Rev. (12-13) Page 15 of 17 ATTACHMENT B: 2 CFR PART 170 Appendix A to Part 170—Award Term I. Reporting Subawards and Executive Compensation. a. Reporting of first-tier subawards. 1. Applicability. Unless you are exempt as provided in paragraph d. of this award term, you must report each action that obligates $25,000 or more in Federal funds that does not include Recovery funds (as defined in section 1512(a)(2) of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, Pub. L. 111–5) for a subaward to an entity (see definitions in paragraph e. of this award term). 2. Where and when to report. i. You must report each obligating action described in paragraph a.1. of this award term to http://www.fsrs.gov. ii. For subaward information, report no later than the end of the month following the month in which the obligation was made. (For example, if the obligation was made on November 7, 2010, the obligation must be reported by no later than December 31, 2010.) 3. What to report. You must report the information about each obligating action that the submission instructions posted at http://www.fsrs.gov specify. b. Reporting Total Compensation of Recipient Executives. 1. Applicability and what to report. You must report total compensation for each of your five most highly compensated executives for the preceding completed fiscal year, if— i. the total Federal funding authorized to date under this award is $25,000 or more; ii. in the preceding fiscal year, you received— (A) 80 percent or more of your annual gross revenues from Federal procurement contracts (and subcontracts) and Federal financial assistance subject to the Transparency Act, as defined at 2 CFR 170.320 (and subawards); and (B) $25,000,000 or more in annual gross revenues from Federal procurement contracts (and subcontracts) and Federal financial assistance subject to the Transparency Act, as defined at 2 CFR 170.320 (and subawards); and iii. The public does not have access to information about the compensation of the executives through periodic reports filed under section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m(a), 78o(d)) or section 6104 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. (To determine if the public has access to the compensation information, see the U.S. Security and Exchange Commission total compensation filings at http://www.sec.gov/answers/execomp.htm.) 2. Where and when to report. You must report executive total compensation described in paragraph b.1. of this award term: i. As part of your registration profile at http://www.sam.gov. ii. By the end of the month following the month in which this award is made, and annually thereafter. Award Number: 20-DG-11100106-804 OMB 0596-0217 Expiration Date: 11/30/2017 Rev. (12-13) Page 16 of 17 c. Reporting of Total Compensation of Subrecipient Executives. 1. Applicability and what to report. Unless you are exempt as provided in paragraph d. of this award term, for each first-tier subrecipient under this award, you shall report the names and total compensation of each of the subrecipient’s five most highly compensated executives for the subrecipient’s preceding completed fiscal year, if— i. in the subrecipient’s preceding fiscal year, the subrecipient received— (A) 80 percent or more of its annual gross revenues from Federal procurement contracts (and subcontracts) and Federal financial assistance subject to the Transparency Act, as defined at 2 CFR 170.320 (and subawards); and (B) $25,000,000 or more in annual gross revenues from Federal procurement contracts (and subcontracts), and Federal financial assistance subject to the Transparency Act (and subawards); and ii. The public does not have access to information about the compensation of the executives through periodic reports filed under section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m(a), 78o(d)) or section 6104 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. (To determine if the public has access to the compensation information, see the U.S. Security and Exchange Commission total compensation filings at http://www.sec.gov/answers/execomp.htm.) 2. Where and when to report. You must report subrecipient executive total compensation described in paragraph c.1. of this award term: i. To the recipient. ii. By the end of the month following the month during which you make the subaward. For example, if a subaward is obligated on any date during the month of October of a given year (i.e., between October 1 and 31), you must report any required compensation information of the subrecipient by November 30 of that year. d. Exemptions If, in the previous tax year, you had gross income, from all sources, under $300,000, you are exempt from the requirements to report: 1. Subawards, and 2. The total compensation of the five most highly compensated executives of any subrecipient. e. Definitions. For purposes of this award term: 1. Entity means all of the following, as defined in 2 CFR part 25: i. A Governmental organization, which is a State, local government, or Indian tribe; ii. A foreign public entity; iii. A domestic or foreign nonprofit organization; iv. A domestic or foreign for-profit organization; v. A Federal agency, but only as a subrecipient under an award or subaward to a non-Federal entity. 2. Executive means officers, managing partners, or any other employees in management positions. 3. Subaward: Award Number: 20-DG-11100106-804 OMB 0596-0217 Expiration Date: 11/30/2017 Rev. (12-13) Page 17 of 17 i. This term means a legal agreement to provide support for the performance of any portion of the substantive project or program for which you received this award and that you as the recipient award to an eligible subrecipient. ii. The term does not include your procurement of property and services needed to carry out the project or program (for further explanation, see Sec. ll .210 of the attachment to OMB Circular A–133, ‘‘Audits of States, Local Governments, and Non-Profit Organizations’’). iii. A subaward may be provided through any legal agreement, including an agreement that you or a subrecipient considers a contract. 4. Subrecipient means an entity that: i. Receives a subaward from you (the recipient) under this award; and ii. Is accountable to you for the use of the Federal funds provided by the subaward. 5. Total compensation means the cash and noncash dollar value earned by the executive during the recipient’s or subrecipient’s preceding fiscal year and includes the following (for more information see 17 CFR 229.402(c)(2)): i. Salary and bonus. ii. Awards of stock, stock options, and stock appreciation rights. Use the dollar amount recognized for financial statement reporting purposes with respect to the fiscal year in accordance with the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (Revised 2004) (FAS 123R), Shared Based Payments. iii. Earnings for services under non-equity incentive plans. This does not include group life, health, hospitalization or medical reimbursement plans that do not discriminate in favor of executives, and are available generally to all salaried employees. iv. Change in pension value. This is the change in present value of defined benefit and actuarial pension plans. v. Above-market earnings on deferred compensation which is not tax- qualified. vi. Other compensation, if the aggregate value of all such other compensation (e.g. severance, termination payments, value of life insurance paid on behalf of the employee, perquisites or property) for the executive exceeds $10,000. END OF ATTACHMENT B: 2 CFR PART 170 Feasibility Assessment for Biomass Heating Systems Multi-Use Facility, Kluti-Kaah, Alaska 800 F Street, Anchorage, AK 99501 p (907) 276-6664 f (907) 276-5042 Tony SlatonBarker, PE, and Lee Bolling, CEA, CEM FINAL REPORT – 9/4/2014 Feasibility Assessment for Biomass Heating Systems Kluti-Kaah, AK Coffman Engineers, Inc. i Contents I. Executive Summary ............................................................................................................ 1 II. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 2 III. Preliminary Site Investigation ........................................................................................... 3 BUILDING DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................................................... 3 EXISTING HEATING SYSTEM .............................................................................................................................................. 3 DOMESTIC HOT WATER................................................................................................................................................... 3 BUILDING ENVELOPE ....................................................................................................................................................... 3 AVAILABLE SPACE ........................................................................................................................................................... 3 STREET ACCESS AND FUEL STORAGE ................................................................................................................................... 3 BUILDING OR SITE CONSTRAINTS ....................................................................................................................................... 4 BIOMASS SYSTEM INTEGRATION ........................................................................................................................................ 4 BIOMASS SYSTEM OPTIONS .............................................................................................................................................. 4 IV. Energy Consumption and Costs ......................................................................................... 6 WOOD ENERGY ............................................................................................................................................................. 6 ENERGY COSTS .............................................................................................................................................................. 6 EXISTING FUEL OIL CONSUMPTION .................................................................................................................................... 7 BIOMASS SYSTEM CONSUMPTION ..................................................................................................................................... 8 V. Preliminary Cost Estimating ............................................................................................... 9 VI. Economic Analysis .......................................................................................................... 11 O&M COSTS .............................................................................................................................................................. 11 DEFINITIONS................................................................................................................................................................ 11 RESULTS ..................................................................................................................................................................... 13 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................................................... 13 VII. Forest Resource and Fuel Availability Assessments ........................................................ 14 FOREST RESOURCE ASSESSMENTS .................................................................................................................................... 14 AIR QUALITY PERMITTING .............................................................................................................................................. 14 VIII. General Biomass Technology Information ..................................................................... 15 HEATING WITH WOOD FUEL ........................................................................................................................................... 15 TYPES OF WOOD FUEL .................................................................................................................................................. 15 HIGH EFFICIENCY WOOD PELLET BOILERS ......................................................................................................................... 16 HIGH EFFICIENCY CORD WOOD BOILERS ........................................................................................................................... 16 LOW EFFICIENCY CORD WOOD BOILERS ........................................................................................................................... 17 HIGH EFFICIENCY WOOD STOVES .................................................................................................................................... 17 BULK FUEL BOILERS ...................................................................................................................................................... 17 GRANTS ..................................................................................................................................................................... 17 Appendices Appendix A – Site Photos Appendix B – Economic Analysis Spreadsheet Appendix C – Site Plan Appendix D – AWEDTG Field Data Sheet Feasibility Assessment for Biomass Heating Systems Kluti-Kaah, AK Coffman Engineers, Inc. ii Abbreviations ACF Accumulated Cash Flow ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers AEA Alaska Energy Authority AFUE Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency B/C Benefit / Cost Ratio BTU British Thermal Unit BTUH BTU per hour CCF One Hundred Cubic Feet CEI Coffman Engineers, Inc. CFM Cubic Feet per Minute Eff Efficiency F Fahrenheit ft Feet GPM Gallons Per Minute HP Horsepower HVAC Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning in Inch(es) kWh Kilowatt-Hour lb(s) Pound(s) MBH Thousand BTUs per Hour O&M Operations and Maintenance MMBTU One Million BTUs PC Project Cost R R-Value SF Square Feet, Supply Fan TEMP Temperature V Volts W Watts Feasibility Assessment for Biomass Heating Systems Kluti-Kaah, AK Coffman Engineers, Inc. iii List of Figures Fig. 1 – Native Village of Kluti-Kaah, Alaska – Google Maps ......................................................................... 2 Fig. 2 – Multi-Use Facilty – Google Maps ...................................................................................................... 2 Fig. 3 – Maine Energy Systems Pellet Boiler and Polydome Silo .................................................................. 5 List of Tables Table 1 – Economic Evaluation Summary ..................................................................................................... 1 Table 2 – Energy Comparison ....................................................................................................................... 7 Table 3 – Existing Fuel Oil Consumption ....................................................................................................... 7 Table 4 – Proposed Biomass System Fuel Consumption .............................................................................. 8 Table 5 – Estimate of Probable Cost ........................................................................................................... 10 Table 6 – Inflation rates .............................................................................................................................. 11 Table 7 – Economic Definitions ................................................................................................................... 12 Table 8 – Economic Analysis Results ........................................................................................................... 13 Table 9 – Sensitivity Analysis ...................................................................................................................... 13 Feasibility Assessment for Biomass Heating Systems Kluti-Kaah, AK Coffman Engineers, Inc. 1 I. Executive Summary A preliminary feasibility assessment was completed to determine the technical and economic viability of biomass heating systems at Kluti-Kaah Multi-Use Facility in Kluti-Kaah, Alaska, near Copper Center. The study evaluated a wood pellet boiler system that would supply the majority of the building’s annual heating requirements. The high price of fuel oil is the main economic driver for the use of lower cost biomass heating. At this time the Multi-Use Facility is an unfinished structure with no mechanical or electrical equipment. It is assumed that the proposed biomass system will be installed at the same time as the initial mechanical system, which will reduce overall installation costs of the proposed biomass system. The proposed biomass system includes two pellet boilers located in the existing mechanical room. Four exterior pellet silos will transfer pellets via augers to the pellet boiler day hoppers. Wood pellets are delivered by an auger truck. The results of the economic evaluation are shown below. The proposed pellet system is economically justified at this time, due to the fact that the benefit to cost ratio of the option is greater than 1.0, over a 20 year project life. Economic Analysis Results Project Capital Cost (Additional Cost of Pellet System) $130,845 Present Value of Project Benefits (20 year life) $897,857 Present Value of Operating Costs (20 year life) $586,831 Benefit / Cost Ratio of Project (20 year life) 2.38 Net Present Value (20 year life) $180,181 Year Accumulated Cash Flow is Net Positive First Year Year Accumulated Cash Flow > Project Capital Cost 12 years Simple Payback 16.8 years Table 1 – Economic Evaluation Summary Feasibility Assessment for Biomass Heating Systems Kluti-Kaah, AK Coffman Engineers, Inc. 2 II. Introduction A preliminary feasibility assessment was completed to determine the technical and economic viability of biomass heating systems for the Multi-Use Facility for the Native Village of Kluti-Kaah in Kluti-Kaah, Alaska, near Copper Center. The location of the building is shown in Figures 1 and 2. Fig. 1 – Native Village of Kluti-Kaah, Alaska – Google Maps Fig. 2 – Multi-Use Facilty – Google Maps Feasibility Assessment for Biomass Heating Systems Kluti-Kaah, AK Coffman Engineers, Inc. 3 III. Preliminary Site Investigation Building Description The Kluti-Kaah Multi-Use Facility is a partially constructed building located in the center of the Kluti-Kaah Village. At the time of the site visit, the facility is an unfinished, un-insulated structure which no electricity, lights, mechanical equipment, or interior finishes. When completed the facility will house a full gymnasium, office space, restrooms, locker rooms with showers, and a commercial kitchen. The facility’s structural shell contains 12,675 SF and was completed in two phases. The gymnasium was constructed in 1999 and the office addition was constructed in 2009. The village is currently seeking funding to finish the construction of the facility, independent of the biomass heating system upgrade. The 2009 design drawings for the facility also show future additions that may be considered. These additions include a future clinic and a future head start area. The building is currently unoccupied because it is un-finished and unusable at this time. It is estimated that the facility would be used 60 hrs per week when completed. There have been no energy audits of the building. Please refer to Appendix D for field data sheet that contains all pertinent information gathered during the site visit. Existing Heating System There is no heating system installed in the building at this time. According to design drawings, the facility will be heated by two identical Weil McLain Model 480 heating oil boilers (396 MBH output , 80% combustion efficiency). The gym will be served by four ceiling mounted unit heaters and the office addition will be served by radiant floors. An air handling unit will provide ventilation to the gym and office addition. A future 1000 gallon fuel oil tank is called for on the design drawings. Domestic Hot Water There is no domestic hot water system installed in the building at this time. According to the design drawings there will be six shower stalls in the locker rooms. It is anticipated that hot water will be primarily used for hand washing and showering at the facility when it is completed. The design drawings call for a Bock 541E oil fired hot water heater (83 gallons storage with a 623 MBH input burner). Building Envelope The building only consists of a structural shell. At, this time the gym appears to be partially insulated with spray foam. The design drawings call for R-38 minimum spray foam insulation on the gym walls. The office addition is 2x6 wood stud construction with no insulation installed at this time. According to design drawings the office walls will have R-21 fiberglass batt insulation. There are no windows installed in the facility at this time. The building does not have arctic entries. Available Space There is available space in the large mechanical room. Since there has been no mechanical equipment installed, the room can be redesigned to allow space for new biomass boilers. Street Access and Fuel Storage The facility is located on a large gravel site with easy access to all sides of the building. Gravel roads run parallel to the north and west side of the building. A bulk pellet delivery truck can easily access the west Feasibility Assessment for Biomass Heating Systems Kluti-Kaah, AK Coffman Engineers, Inc. 4 side of the building where the mechanical room is located, and where future wood pellet silos can be located. The wood pellets can be stored in four large 8.5 ton silos, which can be filled with an auger boom from the pellet delivery truck. Please refer to Appendix C for the site plan. Building or Site constraints The site is flat with no significant site constraints. There were no wetlands or signs of historical structures observed. Biomass System Integration Since the facility’s mechanical system has not been installed the facility’s mechanical system can be partially redesigned to incorporate a biomass boiler system. Biomass System Options The client prefers a biomass fuel that is easy to handle, utilizes automatic fuel loading, and is locally available. Automatic fuel loading is necessary because the village does not wish to manually handle and load a batch burning system (such as a cord wood Garn boiler). Based on these criteria, wood pellets are the preferred biomass fuel. Wood pellets are locally available in Fairbanks and in Delta Junction. Cord wood was not considered as an option because it must be manually batch loaded and fired. After considering the multiple options available for biomass, this study focuses on a pellet boiler system with oil fired boiler backup. The pellet boilers will be used as the primary heating source for the facility. The oil fired boiler will be used for peaking during the coldest days of the year and also as a backup source of heat. The facility’s design drawings consist of two Weil McLain 480 oil fired boilers. This study considers replacing one of the oil boilers with two Maine Energy Systems (MES) PES56 pellet boilers (191 MBH output each). In this scenario the two MES pellet boilers and the one Weil McLain oil boiler will be able to provide combined output of 778 MBH, which will meet the estimated building heat load during the coldest day of the year. The facility heat load was estimated at 693 MBH, based on 25 BTU/SF conduction losses and 1.25 CFM/SF outside air loads (with 20% outside air in winter). Wood pellets will be stored in four 8.5 ton silos located on the west side of the building near the mechanical room. Polydome silos were used as the basis for this study and are available through Superior Pellets in Fairbanks. According to Superior Pellets, each silo can be erected on 6” thick concrete slabs approximately 8 ft by 8 ft across. For this study, it is assumed that one large 8 ft x 32 ft slab is made for all four silos to be installed on, to save costs. Transfer augers will move the pellets from the four silos to a pellet hopper integrated into each pellet boiler. The pellet hopper is connected to the boiler and is used for daily feeding of pellets. For this study, two Maine Energy Systems (MES) PES56 pellet boilers were considered. These boilers are high quality pellet boilers with a good track record for reliability and lifespan. The PES56 has can modulate down to 30% firing rate, has automatic ash removal systems and is easily maintainable. Feasibility Assessment for Biomass Heating Systems Kluti-Kaah, AK Coffman Engineers, Inc. 5 Fig. 3 – Maine Energy Systems Pellet Boiler and Polydome Silo (Not to scale) Two MES pellet boilers were chosen instead of one larger pellet boiler to allow for the pellet system to have greater turndown. Having two smaller pellet boilers sequenced together allow them to efficiently match the heat load of the facility, which is more efficient and reduces wood pellet consumption. Please refer to Appendix C for a site plan of the biomass system. Feasibility Assessment for Biomass Heating Systems Kluti-Kaah, AK Coffman Engineers, Inc. 6 IV. Energy Consumption and Costs Wood Energy The gross energy content of wood pellets varies depending on tree species, moisture content and manufacturing. Wood pellets available in Alaska can range in moisture content from 4.5% to 6.5% and in energy value from 8,000 to 8,250 BTU/lb, depending on manufacturer. For this study, wood pellets were estimated to have 8,000 BTU/lb, which is equivalent to 16.0 MMBTU/ton. To determine the delivered $/MMBTU of the biomass system, an 86% efficiency for the Maine Energy System pellet boiler was assumed. This is based on manufacturer documentation. Wood pellets were used as the biomass fuel for this study. However, the following is additional information on cord wood fuel for future evaluations. The gross energy content of a cord of wood varies depending on tree species and moisture content. Black spruce, white spruce and birch at 20% moisture content have respective gross energy contents of 15.9 MMBTU/Cord, 18.1 MMBTU/cord and 23.6 MMBTU/cord, according to the UAF Cooperative Extension. Wet or greenwood has higher moisture contents and require additional heat to evaporate moisture before the wood can burn. Thus, wood with higher moisture contents will have lower energy contents. Seasoned or dry wood will typically have 20% moisture content. For this study, cord wood was estimated to have 16.0 MMBTU/cord. This is a conservative estimate based on the fact that the community has access to both spruce and birch. To determine the delivered $/MMBTU of the biomass system, a 75% efficiency for batch burning systems was assumed. This is based on manufacturer documentation and typical operational issues which do not allow firing 100% of the time. Energy Costs The high price of fuel oil is the main economic driver for the use of lower cost biomass heating. Fuel oil is shipped into Kluti-Kaah by truck and currently costs $3.92/gal. For this study, the energy content of fuel oil is based on 134,000 BTU/gal, according to the UAF Cooperative Extension. Superior Pellets out of North Pole, AK is an Alaskan source of wood pellets (contact Chad Schumacher, General Manager at (907) 488-6055). Superior Pellets manufactures local Alaskan pellets at their North Pole factory and will deliver pellets in bulk to the building. Delivery is made with a 32 ft long pellet truck that can hold 15 tons of pellets. The truck has a 28 ft auger boom for filling a large pellet storage silo (or silos) onsite. The cost for delivering bulk pellets to Glennallen is $350/ton, for a full truck load of pellets, which includes the cost of filling the pellet silos. Since Kluti-Kaah is further away than Glennallen, it is estimated that the pellet price for the Kluti-Kaah Multi-Use facility will be $360/ton. It is proposed that four 8.5 ton silos are used for the biomass system. This will give the building 34 tons of storage and will allow for a full 15 ton deliveries from Superior Pellets. The Superior Pellet option is used for the economic analysis in this study because it includes all delivery costs to the pellet storage silo. Another pellet distributor is End of the Alcan (contact Donna Supernaw at (907) 895-5321), which is located in Delta Junction at milepost 272 on the Richardson Highway. The pellets are manufactured by Premium Pellets in Canada and are transported to Alaska by semi-truck. Trucks carry a load of 30 tons of pellets that can be delivered to Kluti-Kaah directly. The pellets are packaged in 40 lb bags and are palletized in one ton shipping pallets (2,000 lbs). One shipping pallet contains 50 bags of pellets. A staging area and fork lift will be required to unload the truck and store pellets. The delivered price to the site is $332/ton. Because this price does not include the labor and forklift required to offload the pallets or the Feasibility Assessment for Biomass Heating Systems Kluti-Kaah, AK Coffman Engineers, Inc. 7 labor to rip open each bag of pellets to load a storage silo, this pellet source was not used for the economic analysis in this study. The table below shows the energy comparison of different fuel types. The system efficiency is used to calculate the delivered MMBTU’s of energy to the building. The delivered cost of energy to the building, in $/MMBTU, is the most accurate way to compare costs of different energy types. As shown below, cord wood and wood pellets are cheaper than fuel oil on a $/MMBTU basis. Fuel Type Units Gross BTU/unit System Efficiency $/unit Delivered $/MMBTU Cord Wood cords 16,000,000 75% $200 $16.67 Wood Pellets tons 16,000,000 86% $360 $26.16 Fuel Oil gal 134,000 80% $3.92 $36.57 Electricity kWh 3,413 99% $0.28 $82.87 Table 2 – Energy Comparison Existing Fuel Oil Consumption Since the building is unfinished, it does not have any historic energy consumption or energy bills. Heating oil consumption for the facility was estimated based on 103,248 BTU/SF/year. This number is based on the results of the Alaska Housing Finance Corporations “White Paper on Energy Use in Alaska’s Public Facilities”, and is derived from the average heating oil energy utilization index for eight buildings in the Ahtna region near Kluti-Kaah. This estimation was corroborated with a heat load and BIN weather data analysis for the building. It is estimated that on average the Multi-Use Facility will consume approximately 9,766 gallons of heating oil annually. This is shown in the table below. Building Name Fuel Type Estimated Avg. Annual Consumption Net MMBTU/yr Annual Fuel Cost Multi-Use Facility Fuel Oil 9,766 gal 1,046.9 $38,283 Table 3 – Existing Fuel Oil Consumption Feasibility Assessment for Biomass Heating Systems Kluti-Kaah, AK Coffman Engineers, Inc. 8 Biomass System Consumption It is estimated that the proposed biomass system will offset 91% of the heating energy for the building. The remaining 9% of the heating energy be provided by the oil fired boiler. This result is based on an analysis of outdoor temperature BIN data for the Copper Center region. Based on this analysis, even though two Maine Energy System PES56 pellet boilers will only provide 55% of the building’s peak design load, it will provide 91% of the building’s heat on an annual basis. The four 8.5 ton silos will hold approximately 50% of the facility’s annual pellet demand. Option Fuel Type % Heating Source Net MMBTU/yr Annual Consumption Energy Cost Total Energy Cost Proposed Biomass System Pellets 91% 952.7 69.2 tons $24,926 $28,506 Fuel Oil 9% 94.2 879 gal $3,446 Additional Electricity N/A N/A 484 kWh $135 Table 4 – Proposed Biomass System Fuel Consumption Feasibility Assessment for Biomass Heating Systems Kluti-Kaah, AK Coffman Engineers, Inc. 9 V. Preliminary Cost Estimating At this time the Native Village of Kluti-Kaah has not purchased the mechanical system for the Multi-Use Facility. If the building is to be finished the Village must spend money to buy the currently designed mechanical system that includes two oil boilers, fuel tanks, ductwork, hydronic piping, pumps, air handling unit, exhaust fans, radiant floors, unit heaters and other necessary mechanical items. Regardless of whether or not a new biomass is installed, the village still has to purchase the mechanical system to make the building functional. In this situation, the additional material cost and additional installation costs of the proposed biomass system was considered. The opinion of probable cost below accounts for the additional cost for installing four pellet storage silos, augers, two pellet boilers and all other necessary components required to make the pellet system work. It is assumed that the pellet system installation will be combined as part of the building’s initial mechanical installation. This reduces the cost of the pellet system since the contractor will already be onsite and working on a brand new system, which doesn’t require connecting to existing equipment. Since the proposed pellet system design only incorporates one of the two oil fired boilers, the second oil boiler does not need to be purchased and installed. Therefore an estimated $16,000 credit can be given to account for unneeded boiler equipment and installation costs. The opinion of probable cost is based on a discussions with pellet boiler manufacture’s in-house engineers, mechanical contractors, and silo suppliers. A 5% remote factor was used to account for increased shipping and installation costs to Kluti-Kaah. Project and Construction Management was estimated at 5%. Engineering design and permitting was estimated at 20% and a 15% contingency was used. The engineering design fee assumes that there are design cost savings because the engineering company has already designed the rest of the building’s mechanical and electrical systems. Feasibility Assessment for Biomass Heating Systems Kluti-Kaah, AK Coffman Engineers, Inc. 10 Estimate of Probable Cost – Additional Cost of Pellet Boiler System Category Description Cost Site Work and Silos Site Grading $ 4,500 Concrete Slab $ 5,500 Four 8.5 Ton Silos $ 12,000 Silo Installation $ 9,000 Subtotal $ 31,000 Electrical Utilities Auger Power Connection $ 2,500 Conduit and Wiring $ 2,500 Subtotal $ 5,000 Wood Boiler and Augers Two Maine Energy Systems PES 56 Pellet Boiler $ 50,000 Transfer Augers $ 8,000 Subtotal $ 58,000 Interior Mechanical & Electrical Additional Pellet Boiler Installation, Piping & Materials $ 8,000 Subtotal $ 8,000 Oil Boiler Offset Equipment and Installation cost savings for only installing one oil boiler instead of two. $ (16,000) Subtotal $ (16,000) Subtotal Material and Installation Cost $ 86,000 Remote Factor 5% $ 4,300 Subtotal $ 90,300 Project and Construction Management 5% $ 4,515 Subtotal $ 94,815 Design Fees and Permitting 20% $ 18,963 Subtotal $ 113,778 Contingency 15% $ 17,067 Total Project Cost $ 130,845 Table 5 – Estimate of Probable Cost Feasibility Assessment for Biomass Heating Systems Kluti-Kaah, AK Coffman Engineers, Inc. 11 VI. Economic Analysis The following assumptions were used to complete the economic analysis for this study. Inflation Rates Discount Rate for Net Present Value Analysis 3% Wood Fuel Escalation Rate 3% Fossil Fuel Escalation Rate 5% Electricity Escalation Rate 3% O&M Escalation Rate 2% Table 6 – Inflation rates The real discount rate, or minimum attractive rate of return, is 3.0% and is the current rate used for all Life Cycle Cost Analysis by the Alaska Department of Education and Early Development. This is a typical rate used for completing economic analysis for public entities in Alaska. The escalation rates used for the wood, heating oil, electricity and O&M rates are based on rates used in the Alaska Energy Authority funded 2013 biomass pre-feasibility studies. These are typical rates used for this level of evaluation and were used so that results are consistent and comparable to the 2013 studies. O&M Costs Non-fuel related operations and maintenance costs (O&M) were estimated at $1,000 per year. This estimate is based on annual maintenance time for the pellet boiler. Per manufactures recommendations the ash trays should be manually dumped for every two tons of pellets burned. This amounts to dumping ash a little less than once per month. Dumping the ash trays takes less than 10 minutes of non-skilled labor per event. Once each winter a 30 minute service is recommended to clean the boilers heat exchanger. In the summer, a 90 minute service is recommended to clean heat exchangers and maintain other components. According to the manufacturer the summer and winter service can be easily completed by the Village’s existing maintenance person. For only the first two years of service, the maintenance cost is doubled to account for maintenance staff getting used to operating the new system. Definitions There are many different economic terms used in this study. A listing of all of the terms with their definition is provided below for reference. Economic Term Description Project Capital Cost This is the opinion of probable cost for designing and constructing the project. Simple Payback The Simple Payback is the Project Capital Cost divided by the first year annual energy savings. The Simple Payback does not take into account escalated energy prices and is therefore not a good measure of project viability. 𝑅𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑎 𝑂𝑎𝑦𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑖= 𝐼𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑖𝑎𝑎 𝐵𝑖𝑟𝑟 𝑖𝑎 𝐸𝐵𝑀 𝐸𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑌𝑎𝑎𝑟 𝐸𝑖𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑦 𝑅𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑖𝑎𝑟 𝑖𝑎 𝐸𝐵𝑀 Feasibility Assessment for Biomass Heating Systems Kluti-Kaah, AK Coffman Engineers, Inc. 12 Economic Term Description Present Value of Project Benefits (20 year life) The present value of all of the heating oil that would have been consumed by the existing heating oil-fired heating system, over a 20 year period. Present Value of Operating Costs (20 year life) The present value of all of the proposed biomass systems operating costs over a 20 year period. This includes wood fuel, additional electricity, and O&M costs for the proposed biomass system to provide 97% of the building’s heat. It also includes the heating oil required for the existing oil-fired boilers to provide the remaining 3% of heat to the building. Benefit / Cost Ratio of Project (20 year life) This is the benefit to cost ratio over the 20 year period. A project that has a benefit to cost ratio greater than 1.0 is economically justified. It is defined as follows: 𝐵𝑎𝑖𝑎𝑎𝑖𝑟 / 𝐵𝑖𝑟𝑟 𝑅𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑖 = 𝑂𝑉(𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑖𝑎𝑎𝑟 𝐵𝑎𝑖𝑎𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑟)− 𝑂𝑉(𝑂𝑖𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑖𝑎 𝐵𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑟) 𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑖𝑎𝑎𝑟 𝐵𝑎𝑖𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑖 𝐵𝑖𝑟𝑟 Where: PV = The present value over the 20 year period Reference Sullivan, Wicks and Koelling, “Engineering Economy”, 14th ed., 2009, pg. 440, Modified B-C Ratio. Net Present Value (20 year life) This is the net present value of the project over a 20 year period. If the project has a net present value greater than zero, the project is economically justified. This quantity accounts for the project capital cost, project benefits and operating costs. Year Accumulated Cash Flow > Project Capital Cost This is the number of years it takes for the accumulated cash flow of the project to be greater than or equal to the project capital cost. This is similar to the project’s simple payback, except that it incorporates the inflation rates. This quantity is the payback of the project including escalating energy prices and O&M rates. This quantity is calculated as follows: 𝐼𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑖𝑎𝑎 𝐵𝑖𝑟𝑟≤∑𝑅𝑘 𝐽 𝑘=0 Where: J = Year that the accumulated cash flow is greater than or equal to the Project Capital Cost. 𝑅𝑘 = Project Cash flow for the kth year. Table 7 – Economic Definitions Feasibility Assessment for Biomass Heating Systems Kluti-Kaah, AK Coffman Engineers, Inc. 13 Results The economic analysis was completed in order to determine the simple payback, benefit to cost ratio, and net present value of the proposed biomass system. The estimate of probable cost is based on the marginal cost of the pellet system. The results of the proposed wood pellet boiler system are shown below. Please refer to Appendix B for the economic analysis spreadsheet. The proposed pellet boiler system consists of two major parts: two new pellet boilers and four new pellet silos. The two pellet boilers will be located inside the existing building’s mechanical room. Four new exterior pellet silos will be located outside the building adjacent to the mechanical room on the west side of the building. The benefit to cost ratio for the proposed pellet system is 2.38 over the 20 year study period, which makes the project economically justified. Any project with a benefit to cost ratio above 1.0 is considered economically justified. The major advantage of this project is that the cost of the pellet system can be reduced because the pellet system will be installed into the building at the same time as the rest of the building’s mechanical equipment is installed. Also, costs are reduced by utilizing interior mechanical space and not building a detached boiler building. Indoor Pellet Boiler System With Exterior Silos Project Capital Cost (Marginal Cost of Pellet System) $130,845 Present Value of Project Benefits (20 year life) $897,857 Present Value of Operating Costs (20 year life) $586,831 Benefit / Cost Ratio of Project (20 year life) 2.38 Net Present Value (20 year life) $180,181 Year Accumulated Cash Flow is Net Positive First Year Year Accumulated Cash Flow > Project Capital Cost 12 years Simple Payback 16.8 years Table 8 – Economic Analysis Results Sensitivity Analysis A sensitivity analysis was completed to show how changing heating oil costs and wood costs affect the benefit to cost (B/C) ratios of the project. As heating oil costs increase and wood costs decrease, the projects becomes even more economically viable. All of the B/C ratios shown below are greater than 1.0, which makes them all economically justified. B/C Ratios Wood Pellet Cost ($/ton) $300/ton $325/ton $360/ton $375/ton Heating Oil Cost ($/gal) $3.50/gal 2.32 2.07 1.71 1.55 $3.75/gal 2.72 2.47 2.11 1.95 $3.92/gal 2.99 2.74 2.38 2.22 $4.00/gal 3.12 2.86 2.50 2.35 $4.25/gal 3.52 3.26 2.90 2.75 Table 9 – Sensitivity Analysis Feasibility Assessment for Biomass Heating Systems Kluti-Kaah, AK Coffman Engineers, Inc. 14 VII. Forest Resource and Fuel Availability Assessments Forest Resource Assessments The Alaska Department of Natural Resources (DNR) has information on the timber and biomass resources of the Valdez Copper River Area. Please refer to the DNR website at http://forestry.alaska.gov/timber/vcra.htm#fiveyear for access to all their information. The DNR has reports on timber sales, five year schedule of timber sales, maps and forest land use plans. The Copper Area Forester is Gary Mullen, who has written the majority of the DNR documents for the Copper Area. Contact with Mr. Mullen was attempted but unsuccessful, as he was out of the office for several weeks during the writing of this report. Air Quality Permitting Currently, air quality permitting is regulated according to the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation Section 18 AAC 50 Air Quality Control regulations. Per these regulations, a minor air quality permit is required if a new wood boiler or wood stove produces one of the following conditions per Section 18 AAC 50.502 (C)(1): 40 tons per year (TPY) of carbon dioxide (CO2), 15 TPY of particulate matter greater than 10 microns (PM-10), 40 TPY of sulfur dioxide, 0.6 TPY of lead, 100 TPY of carbon monoxide within 10 kilometers of a carbon monoxide nonattainment area, or 10 TPY of direct PM -2.5 emissions. These regulations assume that the device will operate 24 hours per day, 365 days per year and that no fuel burning equipment is used. If a new wood boiler or wood stove is installed in addition to a fuel burning heating device, the increase in air pollutants cannot exceed the following per AAC 50.502 (C)(3): 10 TPY of PM-10, 10 TPY of sulfur dioxide, 10 TPY of nitrogen oxides, 100 TPY of carbon monoxide within 10 kilometers of a carbon monoxide nonattainment area, or 10 TPY of direct PM-2.5 emissions. Per the Wood-fired Heating Device Visible Emission Standards (Section 18 AAC 50.075), a person may not operate a wood-fired heating device in a manner that causes black smoke or visible emissions that exceed 50 percent opacity for more than 15 minutes in any hour in an area where an air quality advisory is in effect. From Coffman’s discussions with Patrick Dunn at the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation, these regulations are focused on permitting industrial applications of wood burning equipment. In his opinion, it would be unlikely that an individual wood boiler would require an air quality permit unless several boilers were to be installed and operated at the same site. If several boilers were installed and operated together, the emissions produced could be greater than 40 tons of CO2 per year. This would require permitting per AAC 50.502 (C)(1) or (C)(3). Permitting would not be required on the residential wood fired stoves unless they violated the Wood-fired Heating Device Visible Emission Standards (Section 18 AAC 50.075). The recent Garn boiler systems installed in Alaska of similar size and emissions output as the proposed pellet boiler have not needed or obtained air quality permits. Feasibility Assessment for Biomass Heating Systems Kluti-Kaah, AK Coffman Engineers, Inc. 15 VIII. General Biomass Technology Information Heating with Wood Fuel Wood fuels are among the most cost-effective and reliable sources of heating fuel for communities adjacent to forestland when the wood fuels are processed, handled, and combusted appropriately. Compared to other heating energy fuels, such as oil and propane, wood fuels typically have lower energy density and higher associated transportation and handling costs. Due to this low bulk density, wood fuels have a shorter viable haul distance when compared to fossil fuels. This short haul distance also creates an advantage for local communities to utilize locally-sourced wood fuels, while simultaneously retaining local energy dollars. Most communities in rural Alaska are particularly vulnerable to high energy prices due to the large number of heating degree days and expensive shipping costs. For many communities, wood-fueled heating can lower fuel costs. For example, cordwood sourced at $250 per cord is just 25% of the cost per MMBTU as #1 fuel oil sourced at $7 per gallon. In addition to the financial savings, the local communities also benefit from the multiplier effect of circulating energy dollars within the community longer, more stable energy prices, job creation, and more active forest management. The local cordwood market is influenced by land ownership, existing forest management and ecological conditions, local demand and supply, and the State of Alaska Energy Assistance program. Types of Wood Fuel Wood fuels are specified by energy density, moisture content, ash content, and granulometry. Each of these characteristics affects the wood fuel’s handling characteristics, storage requirements, and combustion process. Higher quality fuels have lower moisture, ash, dirt, and rock contents, consistent granulometry, and higher energy density. Different types of fuel quality can be used in wood heating projects as long as the infrastructure specifications match the fuel content characteristics. Typically, lower quality fuel will be the lowest cost fuel, but it will require more expensive storage, handling, and combustion infrastructure, as well as additional maintenance. Projects in rural Alaska must be designed around the availability of wood fuels. Some fuels can be harvested and manufactured on site, such as cordwood, woodchips, and briquettes. Wood pellets can also be used, but typically require a larger scale pellet manufacturer to make them. The economic feasibility of manufacturing on site is determined by a financial assessment of the project. Typically, larger projects offer more flexibility in terms of owning and operating the wood harvesting and manufacturing equipment, such as a wood chipper, splitter, or equipment to haul wood out of forest, than smaller projects. Feasibility Assessment for Biomass Heating Systems Kluti-Kaah, AK Coffman Engineers, Inc. 16 High Efficiency Wood Pellet Boilers High efficiency pellet boilers are designed to burn wood pellets cleanly and efficiently. These boilers utilize pellet storage bins or silos that hold a large percentage of the building’s annual pellet supply. Augers or vacuums transfer pellets from the silos to a pellet hopper adjacent to the pellet boiler, where pellets can be fed into the boiler for burning. Pellets are automatically loaded into the pellet boiler and do not require manual loading such as in a Garn cord wood boiler. The pellet boilers typically have a 3 to 1 turn down ratio, which allows the firing rate to modulate from 100% down to 33% fire. This allows the boiler to properly match building heat demand, increasing boiler efficiency. The efficiencies of these boilers can range from 85% to 92% efficiency depending on firing rate. Two of the best quality pellet boilers in the U.S. market are the Maine Energy Systems PES boilers and the Froling P4 boilers. These boilers have high end controls, automatic ash removal and have a good reputation for quality. The Maxim Pellet Boiler is a less costly option and can be used directly outdoors if needed. According to Chad Shumacher, General Manager of Superior Pellets, his Maxim boiler automation does not operate as well as the Maine Energy Systems units, but they are less than half the price. The working lifespan of the Maxim boilers also may be less than the higher quality units. High Efficiency Cord Wood Boilers High Efficiency Low Emission (HELE) cordwood boilers are designed to burn cordwood fuel cleanly and efficiently. The boilers use cordwood that is typically seasoned to 25% moisture content (MC) or less and meet the dimensions required for loading and firing. The amount of cordwood burned by the boiler will depend on the heat load profile of the building and the utilization of the fuel oil system as back up. Two HELE cordwood boiler suppliers include Garn (www.garn.com) and TarmUSA (www.woodboilers.com). Both of these suppliers have units operating in Alaska. TarmUSA has a number of residential units operating in Alaska and has models that range between 100,000 to 300,000 BTU/hr. Garn boilers, manufactured by Dectra Corporation, are used in Tanana, Kasilof, Dot Lake, Thorne Bay, Coffman Cove and other locations to heat homes, washaterias, schools, and community buildings. The Garn boiler has a unique construction, which is basically a wood boiler housed in a large water tank. Garn boilers come in several sizes and are appropriate for facilities using 100,000 to 1,000,000 BTUs per hour. The jacket of water surrounding the fire box absorbs heat and is piped into buildings via a heat exchanger, and then transferred to an existing building heating system, infloor radiant tubing, unit heaters, or baseboard heaters. In installations where the Garn boiler is in a detached building, there are additional heat exchangers, pumps and a glycol circulation loop that are necessary to transfer heat to the building while allowing for freeze protection. Radiant floor heating is the most efficient heating method when using wood boilers such as Garns, because they can operate using lower supply water temperatures compared to baseboards. Garn boilers are approximately 87% efficient and store a large quantity of water. For example, the Garn WHS-2000 holds approximately 1,825 gallons of heated water. Garns also produce virtually no smoke when at full burn, because of a primary and secondary gasification (2,000 ºF) burning process. Garns are manually stocked with cordwood and can be loaded multiple times a day during periods of high heating demand. Garns are simple to operate with only three moving parts: a handle, door and blower. Garns produce very little ash and require minimal maintenance. Removing ash and inspecting fans are typical maintenance requirements. Fans are used to produce a draft that increases combustion temperatures and boiler efficiency. In cold climates, Garns can be equipped with exterior insulated storage tanks for extra hot water circulating capacity. Most facilities using cordwood boilers keep existing oil-fired systems Feasibility Assessment for Biomass Heating Systems Kluti-Kaah, AK Coffman Engineers, Inc. 17 operational to provide heating backup during biomass boiler downtimes and to provide additional heat for peak heating demand periods. Low Efficiency Cord Wood Boilers Outdoor boilers are categorized as low-efficiency, high emission (LEHE) systems. These boiler systems are not recommended as they produce significant emission issues and do not combust wood fuels efficiently or completely, resulting in significant energy waste and pollution. These systems require significantly more wood to be purchased, handled and combusted to heat a facility as compared to a HELE system. Additionally, several states have placed a moratorium on installing LEHE boilers because of air quality issues (Washington). These LEHE systems can have combustion efficiencies as low as twenty five (25%) percent and produce more than nine times the emission rate of standard industrial boilers. In comparison, HELEs can operate around 87% efficiency. High Efficiency Wood Stoves Newer high efficiency wood stoves are available on the market that produce minimal smoke, minimal ash and require less firewood. New EPA-certified wood stoves produce significantly less smoke than older uncertified wood stoves. High efficiency wood stoves are easy to operate with minimal maintenance compared to other biomass systems. The Blaze King Classic high efficiency wood stove (www.blazeking.com) is a recommended model, due to its built-in thermostats that monitor the heat output of the stove. This stove automatically adjusts the air required for combustion. This unique technology, combined with the efficiencies of a catalytic combustor with a built-in thermostat, provides the longest burn times of any wood stove. The Blaze King stove allows for optimal combustion and less frequent loading and firing times. Bulk Fuel Boilers Bulk fuel boilers usually burn wood chips, sawdust, bark or pellets and are designed around the wood resources that are available from the local forests or local industry. Several large facilities in Tok, Craig, and Delta Junction (Delta Greely High School) are using bulk fuel biomass systems. Tok uses a commercial grinder to process woodchips. The chips are then dumped into a bin and are carried by a conveyor belt to the boiler. The wood fuel comes from timber scraps, local sawmills and forest thinning projects. The Delta Greely High School has a woodchip bulk fuel boiler that heats the 77,000 square foot facility. The Delta Greely system, designed by Coffman engineers, includes a completely separate boiler building which includes chip storage bunker and space for storage of tractor trailers full of chips (so handling of frozen chips could be avoided). Woodchips are stored in the concrete bunker and augers move the material on a conveyor belt to the boilers. Grants There are many grant opportunities for biomass work state, federal, and local for feasibility studies, design and construction. If a project is pursued, a thorough search of websites and discussions with the AEA Biomass group would be recommended to make sure no possible funding opportunities are missed. Below are some funding opportunities and existing past grants that have been awarded. Currently, there is a funding opportunity for tribal communities that develop clean and renewable energy resources through the U.S. Department of Energy. On April 30, 2013, the Department of Energy announced up to $7 million was available to deploy clean energy projects in tribal communities to reduce reliance on fossil fuel and promote economic development on tribal lands. The Energy Department’s Tribal Feasibility Assessment for Biomass Heating Systems Kluti-Kaah, AK Coffman Engineers, Inc. 18 Energy Program, in cooperation with the Office of Indian Energy, will help Native American communities, tribal energy resource development organizations, and tribal consortia to install community or facility scale clean energy projects. http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/tribalenergy/ The Department of Energy (DOE) Alaska Native programs focus on energy efficiency and add ocean energy into the mix. In addition the communities are eligible for up to $250,000 in energy-efficiency aid. The Native village of Kongiganak will get help strengthening its wind-energy infrastructure, increasing energy efficiency and developing “smart grid technology”. Koyukuk will get help upgrading its energy infrastructure, improving energy efficiency and exploring biomass options. The village of Minto will explore all the above options as well as look for solar-energy ideas. Shishmaref, an Alaska Native village faceing climate-change-induced relocation, will receive help with increasing energy sustainability and building capacity as it relocates. The Yakutat T’lingit Tribe will also study efficiency, biomass and ocean energy. This DOE program would be a viable avenue for biomass funding. http://energy.gov/articles/alaska-native-communities-receive-technical-assistance-local-clean-energy- development The city of Nulato was awarded a $40,420 grant for engineering services for a wood energy project by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the United States Forest Service. Links regarding the award of the Woody Biomass Utilization Project recipients are shown below: http://www.fs.fed.us/news/2012/releases/07/renewablewoods.shtml http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usda/usdahome?contentid=2009/08/0403.xml Delta Junction was awarded a grant for engineering from the Alaska Energy Authority from the Renewable Energy Fund for $831,203. This fund provides assistance to utilities, independent power producers, local governments, and tribal governments for feasibility studies, reconnaissance studies, energy resource monitoring, and work related to the design and construction of eligible facilities. http://www.akenergyauthority.org/re-fund-6/4_Program_Update/FinalREFStatusAppendix2013.pdf http://www.akenergyauthority.org/PDF%20files/PFS-BiomassProgramFactSheet.pdf http://www.akenergyauthority.org/RenewableEnergyFund/RFA_Project_Locations_20Oct08.pdf The Alaska Wood Energy Development Task Group (AWEDTG) consists of a coalition of federal and state agencies and not-for-profit organizations that have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to explore opportunities to increase the utilization of wood for energy and biofuels production in Alaska. A pre-feasibility study for Aleknagik was conducted in 2012 for the AWEDTG. The preliminary costs for the biomass system(s) are $346,257 for the city hall and health center system and $439,096 for the city hall, health center, and future washeteria system. http://www.akenergyauthority.org/biomasswoodenergygrants.html http://www.akenergyauthority.org/BiomassWoodEnergy/Aleknagik%20Final%20Report.pdf The Emerging Energy Technology Fund grand program provides funds to eligible applicants for demonstrations projects of technologies that have a reasonable expectation to be commercially viable Feasibility Assessment for Biomass Heating Systems Kluti-Kaah, AK Coffman Engineers, Inc. 19 within five years and that are designed to: test emerging energy technologies or methods of conserving energy, improve an existing energy technology, or deploy an existing technology that has not previously been demonstrated in Alaska. http://www.akenergyauthority.org/EETFundGrantProgram.html Feasibility Assessment for Biomass Heating Systems Kluti-Kaah, AK Coffman Engineers, Inc. Appendix A Site Photos Feasibility Assessment for Biomass Heating Systems Kluti-Kaah, AK Coffman Engineers, Inc. 1. South elevation of building. 2. West elevation of building. 3. North elevation of building. 4. East elevation of building. 5. Site entrance. 6. Inside Gym Feasibility Assessment for Biomass Heating Systems Kluti-Kaah, AK Coffman Engineers, Inc. 7. Inside Office Addition 8. Spray foam on Gym wall 9. Inside office addition 10. Inside Gym Feasibility Assessment for Biomass Heating Systems Kluti-Kaah, AK Coffman Engineers, Inc. Appendix B Economic Analysis Spreadsheet Kluti-Kaah Multi-Use FacilityKluti-Kaah, AlaskaProject Capital Cost($130,845)Present Value of Project Benefits (20 year life) $897,857Present Value of Operating Costs (20 year life)($586,831)Benefit / Cost Ratio of Project (20 year life)2.38Net Present Value (20 year life)$180,181Year Accumulated Cash Flow is Net Positive First YearYear Accumulated Cash Flow > Project Capital Cost 12 yearsSimple Payback = Total Project Cost / First Year Cost Savings 16.8 yearsDiscount Rate for Net Present Value Analysis3%Wood Fuel Escalation Rate3%Fossil Fuel Escalation Rate5%Electricity Escalation Rate3%O&M Escalation Rate2%Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20Existing Heating System Operating CostsExisting Heating Oil Consumption$3.92 9,766gal$38,283 $40,197 $42,207 $44,317 $46,533 $48,860 $51,303 $53,868 $56,561 $59,389 $62,359 $65,476 $68,750 $72,188 $75,797 $79,587 $83,566 $87,745 $92,132 $96,739Biomass System Operating CostsWood Pellet Fuel (Delivered to site)$360.00 91% 69.2tons($24,912) ($25,659) ($26,429) ($27,222) ($28,039) ($28,880) ($29,746) ($30,639) ($31,558) ($32,505) ($33,480) ($34,484) ($35,519) ($36,584) ($37,682) ($38,812) ($39,976) ($41,176) ($42,411) ($43,683)Fossil Fuel$3.929% 879gal($3,446) ($3,618) ($3,799) ($3,989) ($4,188) ($4,398) ($4,618) ($4,848) ($5,091) ($5,345) ($5,613) ($5,893) ($6,188) ($6,497) ($6,822) ($7,163) ($7,521) ($7,898) ($8,292) ($8,707)Additional Electricity$0.28 484kWh($136) ($140) ($144) ($148) ($153) ($157) ($162) ($167) ($172) ($177) ($182) ($188) ($193) ($199) ($205) ($211) ($217) ($224) ($231) ($238)Operation and Maintenance Costs($1,000) ($1,020) ($1,040) ($1,061) ($1,082) ($1,104) ($1,126) ($1,149) ($1,172) ($1,195) ($1,219) ($1,243) ($1,268) ($1,294) ($1,319) ($1,346) ($1,373) ($1,400) ($1,428) ($1,457)Additional Operation and Maintenance Costs for first 2 years($1,000) ($1,020)$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0Total Operating Costs($30,493) ($31,457) ($31,412) ($32,420) ($33,462) ($34,539) ($35,652) ($36,802) ($37,992) ($39,222) ($40,493) ($41,808) ($43,168) ($44,574) ($46,028) ($47,532) ($49,088) ($50,698) ($52,362) ($54,085)Annual Operating Cost Savings$7,790 $8,740 $10,795 $11,897 $13,071 $14,321 $15,651 $17,065 $18,569 $20,167 $21,865 $23,668 $25,582 $27,614 $29,769 $32,055 $34,478 $37,047 $39,770 $42,654Accumulated Cash Flow$7,790 $16,529 $27,324 $39,221 $52,292 $66,613 $82,264 $99,329 $117,898 $138,065 $159,930 $183,598 $209,181 $236,794 $266,563 $298,618 $333,096 $370,143 $409,913 $452,566Net Present Value($123,282) ($115,044) ($105,166) ($94,595) ($83,320) ($71,327) ($58,601) ($45,130) ($30,898) ($15,892) ($96)$16,504 $33,925 $52,181 $71,288 $91,264 $112,123 $133,885 $156,565 $180,181Energy UnitsHeating Source ProportionEconomic Analysis ResultsInflation RatesDescription Unit CostAnnual Energy Units Feasibility Assessment for Biomass Heating Systems Kluti-Kaah, AK Coffman Engineers, Inc. Appendix C Site Plan Feasibility Assessment for Biomass Heating Systems Kluti-Kaah, AK Coffman Engineers, Inc. Site Plan of Multi-Use Facility Existing Mechanical Room Four 8.5 Ton Silos for Pellet Storage Feasibility Assessment for Biomass Heating Systems Kluti-Kaah, AK Coffman Engineers, Inc. Appendix D AWEDTG Field Data Sheet REVDATEDESCRIPTIONPROJ. NO.DRAWNCHECKEDDATECOFFMAN ENGINEERS INC.CSHEET TITLE:SHEET NO:1ABCDABCD123452345KLUTI-KAAHTRIBAL COUNCILISSUED FORCONSTRUCTIONKLUTI-KAAH BIOMASSVILLAGE OF KLUTI-KAAH104 OLD RICHARDSONHIGHWAY, COPPERCENTER, AK 9957309/20/2021201178www.coffman.comAECC249ph 907.276.6664800 F StreetAnchorage, AK 99501TITLE SHEETG-001JPWLJBBIOMASS BOILER AND DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEMKLUTI-KAAHNATIVE VILLAGE OF KLUTI-KAAHALASKAPROJECT VICINITYNATIVE VILLAGE OF KLUTI-KAAH, ALASKAANCHORAGESHEET INDEXAREA MAPSCOPETHIS PROJECT WILL INSTALL A WOOD CHIP BIOMASS BOILER SYSTEMAND DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM TO PROVIDE HEAT TO THE NATIVE VILLAGEOF KLUTI-KAAH'S BUILDINGS.THE PROJECT WILL INCLUDE:- CHIP STORAGE STRUCTURE TO STORE BULK WOOD CHIPS- ROTAG BIN TO PROVIDE APPROXIMATELY TWO WEEKS OF CHIPSTORAGE- BIOMASS BOILER CONEX- DISTRICT HEAT PIPING TO SERVE THE OFFICE, HALL, GARAGE ANDMULTI-PURPOSE BUILDING.THE PROJECT DOES NOT INCLUDE THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OFTHE DISTRICT HEAT TIE-INS TO THE OFFICE, HALL, GARAGE, ANDMULTI-PURPOSE BUILDING, AS THIS EFFORT WILL BE COMPLETED BYOTHERS.KLUTI-KAAHSHEETNUMBERSHEET TITLEGENERALG-001TITLE SHEETG-100LIFE SAFETY - CODE ANALYSYSG-101LIFE SAFETY PLAN - BIOMASS BOILER CONEXG-200LIFE SAFETY PLAN - CHIP STORAGECIVILC-001NOTES, LEGEND & ABBREVIATIONSC-100CIVIL SITE PLANC-200CIVIL DETAILSSTRUCTURALS-001GENERAL STRUCTURAL NOTESS-100STRUCTURAL PLANSS-200STRUCTURAL ELEVATIONSS-300STRUCTURAL DETAILSS-301STRUCTURAL DETAILSMECHANICALM-001NOTES & BASIS OF DESIGNM-002PIPING AND EQUIPMENT INSTALLATIONM-100P&ID, SCHEDULES, AND SEQUENCE OF OPERATIONM-200SPECIFICATIONSELECTRICALE-001NOTES, LEGEND & ABBREVIATIONSE-100MODULE ELECTRICAL PLANPROJECT LOCATIONOLD RICHARDSON HIGHWAYNORTH FAIRBANKSNADINA STKAIWAS STHUDSON WAY REVDATEDESCRIPTIONPROJ. NO.DRAWNCHECKEDDATECOFFMAN ENGINEERS INC.CSHEET TITLE:SHEET NO:1ABCDABCD123452345KLUTI-KAAHTRIBAL COUNCILISSUED FORCONSTRUCTIONKLUTI-KAAH BIOMASSVILLAGE OF KLUTI-KAAH104 OLD RICHARDSONHIGHWAY, COPPERCENTER, AK 9957309/20/2021201178www.coffman.comAECC249ph 907.276.6664800 F StreetAnchorage, AK 99501REGISTEREDPROFESSI ONAL E N GINEERSep 20, 2021ELIOT JORDANNo. FP 136078LIFE SAFETY -CODE ANALYSYSG-100JPWELJBUILDING OCCUPANCYCHAPTER 3MODERATE-HAZARD FACTORY INDUSTRIAL GROUP F-1 SECTION 306.2, MODERATE-HAZARDSTORAGE GROUP S-1AGREGATED AREA BUIDLING WITH NEW BOILER MODULES (F-1), CHIP STORAGEBUILDING (S-1)BUILDING HEIGHT AND AREASECTIONS 503 AND 504TABLE 503GROUP F-1 TYPE VB - 1 STORY, 8,500 SF, 40 FT HEIGHTGROUP S-1 TYPE VB - 1 STORY, 9,000 SF, 40 FT HEIGHTTYPE VB -1 STORY, 27 FT HEIGHTAGGREGATED BUILDING AREA 3,840 SFBUILDING AREA MODIFICATIONSSECTION 506.2SECTION 506.3If=[F/P-0.25]W/30F=147 , P=325 , F/P= 0.45, W=13.2If= 0.088Is=0F-1 At = 8,500 SFAa = {At+[AtxIf]+[AtxIs]}= 9,248 SFAGREGATE 1 STORY, 3,840 SF TOTALF-1 - 870 SFS-1 - 2,675 SFNONSEPARATED OCCUPANCYSECTION 508.3NONSEPARATED OCCUPANCY - OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATIONS SHALL BE INDIVIDUALLYCLASSIFIED. THE ALLOWABLE BUILDING AREA AND HEIGHT SHALL BE BASED ON THE MOSTRESTRICTIVE ALLOWACE FOR THE OCCUPANCAY GROUPS.BUILDING IS NONSEPARATED OCCUPANCYREQUIRED SEPARATIONTABLE 508.4REQUIRED SEPARATION BETWEEN F-1 AND S-1, NON SPRINKLERED - NO SEPARATIONREQUIREDNO SEPARATION PROVIDED BETWEENFIRE RESISTANCE RATING OFBUILDING ELEMENTSSECTION 601TABLE 601 (TYPE VB)PRIMARY STRUCTURAL FRAME = 0 HRSEXTERIOR BEARING WALL = 0 HRSINTERIOR BEARING WALL = 0 HRSINTERIOR NONBEARING WALL = 0 HRSFLOOR CONSTRUCTION = 0 HRSROOF CONSTRUCTION = 0 HRSPRIMARY STRUCTURAL FRAME = 0 HRSEXTERIOR BEARING WALL = 0 HRSINTERIOR BEARING WALL = 0 HRSINTERIOR NONBEARING WALL = 0 HRSFLOOR CONSTRUCTION = 0 HRSROOF CONSTRUCTION = 0 HRSCONSTRUCTION CLASSIFICATIONSECTION 602VB - ANY MATERIALS PERMITTED BY IBC CODEVBEXTERIOR WALLFIRE-RESISTANCE RATINGTABLE 602GROUP F-1 & S-1FIRE SEPARATION DISTANCE < 5 FT - 2HRFIRE SEPARATION DISTANCE 5≤X<10 FT - 2HR (IA) 1 HR (OTHERS)FIRE SEPARATION DISTANCE 10≤X<30 FT -1HR (IA,IB) 0HR (IIB, VB) 1HR (OTHERS)FIRE SEPARATION DISTANCE X≥30 FT - 0HRSEPARATION DISTANCE TO ALL SIDES: MINIMUM 10 FTFIRE RATING ALL SIDES = 0 HRAUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEMSECTION 903.2F-1, REQUIRED WHEN BUILDING AREA EXCEEDS 12,000 SF, FIRE AREA LOCATED MORE THANTHREE STORIES ABOVE GRADE PLANE, COMBINED AREA OF ALL F-1 EXCEEDS 24,000 SF, USEDFOR MANUFACTUERE OF UPHOLSTERED FURNITURE, WOODWORKING OPERATIONS IN EXCESSOF 2,500 SF.S-1, REQUIRED WHEN FIRE AREA EXCEEDS 12,000 SF, FIRE AREA LOCATED MORE THAN THREESTORIES ABOVE GRADE PLANE, COMBINED AREA OF ALL F-1 EXCEEDS 24,000 SF, USED FORSTORAGE OF COMMERCIAL TRUCKS OR BUSES WHERE FIRE AREA EXCEEDS 5,000 SF, USEDFOR STORAGE OF UPHOLSTERED FURNITURE IN EXCESS OF 2,500 SF.NOT REQUIREDAUTOMATIC FIRE ALARM ANDSMOKE DETECTIONSECTION 907.2.4GROUP F-1: REQUIRED WHEN BOTH TWO OR MORE STORIES TALL AND OCCUPANT LOAD ISEQUAL TO OR GREATER THAN 500 ABOVE OR BELOW LOWEST LEVEL OF DISCHARGEGROUP S-1 - NOT REQUIRED FOR LOW PILE STORAGEF-1 SPACE, NOT REQUIREDS-1 SPACE, NOT REQUIRED, STORAGE WILL BE LIMITED TO BE BELOW 12 FT INORDER TO BE CONSIDRED LOW PILE STORAGE OF CLASS III COMMODITY(WOOD CHIPS)OCCUPANT LOADSECTION 1004STORAGE AREAS, MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT ROOMS - 300 GSF/OCCUPANT366 GSF/(300 SF/OCC)=2, F-1 OCCUPANTS2,675 GSF/(300 SF/OCC)= 9, S-1 OCCUPANTSMEANS OF EGRESS SIZING1005.3 STAIRS1008.11 DOORSSTAIRS: 0.3 IN/OCCUPANTOTHER: 0.2 IN/OCCUPANTSTAIRS: 1 STORY BULDING, NONE REQUIREDDOORS: MINIMUM 32 IN CLEAR PER 1008.1.1DOORSSECTION 1008.1MINIMUM DOOR WIDTH 32"DOOR SWING IN DIRECTION OF EGRESSEXIT DOOR PROVIDED: 32" DOORSEXIT ACCESSTABLE 1014.31014.3 COMMON PATH OF TRAVELF-1, <= 30 OCCUPANTS WITHOUT SPRINKLERS = 75 FT MAXIMUMS-1, <=OCCUPANTS WITHOUT SPRINKLERS = 100 FT MAXIMUMCOMMON PATH OF TRAVEL < 75 FTEXIT AND EXIT ACCESSDOORWAYSSECTION 1015TABLE 1015.1 MAXIMUM OCCUPANCY FOR ONE EXIT - 492 EXITS PROVIDEDTRAVEL DISTANCETABLE 1016.2F-1 ALLOWED - 200 FT WITHOUT SPRINKLERS-1 ALLOWED - 200 FT WITHOUT SPRINKLERMAX TRAVEL DISTANCE - <50 FT 0 IN TRAVELNUMBER OF EXITSSECTION 1021PROVIDE TWO EXITS FOR EACH STORY2 EXITS PROVIDEDFIRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROADSIFC SECTION 503ACCESS ROAD SHALL EXTEND TO WITHIN 150 FEET OF ALL PORTIONS OF THE FACILITY ANDALL PORTIONS OF THE EXTERIOR WALLS OF THE FIRST STORYFIRE ACCESS ROAD IS WITHIN 150 FT OF ALL PORTIONS OF BUILDING PATH OF EGRESS TRAVEL DISTANCE 24'-11"PATH OF EGRESS TRAVEL DISTANCE 23'-9"SITE BUILT WOOD CHIP BIN HOPPERREVDATEDESCRIPTIONPROJ. NO.DRAWNCHECKEDDATECOFFMAN ENGINEERS INC.CSHEET TITLE:SHEET NO:1ABCDABCD123452345KLUTI-KAAHTRIBAL COUNCILISSUED FORCONSTRUCTIONKLUTI-KAAH BIOMASSVILLAGE OF KLUTI-KAAH104 OLD RICHARDSONHIGHWAY, COPPERCENTER, AK 9957309/20/2021201178www.coffman.comAECC249ph 907.276.6664800 F StreetAnchorage, AK 99501REGISTEREDPROFESSI ONAL E N GINEERSep 20, 2021ELIOT JORDANNo. FP 136078LIFE SAFETYPLAN - BIOMASSBOILER CONEXG-101JPWELJSCALE:1G-101LIFE SAFETY PLAN - BIOMASS BOILER CONEX1/2" = 1'-0"012461/2"=1'-0"STRUCTURAL ROOF6"X6" ROOF SUPPORT (TYP.)ELECTRICALSERVICEEQUIPMENT CONEXCHIPSTORAGEHOOPSTRUCTURECONEXCONEXPATH OF EGRESS TRAVEL DISTANCE 35'-11"PATH OF EGRESS TRAVEL DISTANCE 35'-11" PATH OF EGRESS TRAVEL DISTANCE 35'-11"REVDATEDESCRIPTIONPROJ. NO.DRAWNCHECKEDDATECOFFMAN ENGINEERS INC.CSHEET TITLE:SHEET NO:1ABCDABCD123452345KLUTI-KAAHTRIBAL COUNCILISSUED FORCONSTRUCTIONKLUTI-KAAH BIOMASSVILLAGE OF KLUTI-KAAH104 OLD RICHARDSONHIGHWAY, COPPERCENTER, AK 9957309/20/2021201178www.coffman.comAECC249ph 907.276.6664800 F StreetAnchorage, AK 99501REGISTEREDPROFESSI ONAL E N G INEERSep 20, 2021ELIOT JORDANNo. FP 136078LIFE SAFETYPLAN - CHIPSTORAGEG-200XXXXXXSCALE:1G-200LIFE SAFETY PLAN - CHIP STORAGE1/4" = 1'-0"0123468121/4"=1'-0"JPWELJ REVDATEDESCRIPTIONPROJ. NO.DRAWNCHECKEDDATECOFFMAN ENGINEERS INC.CSHEET TITLE:SHEET NO:1ABCDABCD123452345KLUTI-KAAHTRIBAL COUNCILISSUED FORCONSTRUCTIONKLUTI-KAAH BIOMASSVILLAGE OF KLUTI-KAAH104 OLD RICHARDSONHIGHWAY, COPPERCENTER, AK 9957309/20/2021201178www.coffman.comAECC249ph 907.276.6664800 F StreetAnchorage, AK 99501REGISTEREDPROFESSI ONAL E N GINEERSep 20, 2021No. CE11057Michael A. FrisonNOTES, LEGEND&ABBREVIATIONSC-001RJGMAFEXISTINGNEWLEGEND:PROPERTY LINEEDGE OF GRAVEL TRAVELWAYSTRUCTUREOVERHEAD ELECTRICUNDERGROUND ELECTRICUNDERGROUND COMMUNICATIONHEATING GLYCOL SUPPLY AND RETURNUTILITY POLEJUNCTION BOXDRAINAGE ARROWGENERAL NOTES:1.EXISTING UTILITY LOCATIONS ARE APPROXIMATE. CONTRACTOR SHALLFIELD LOCATE UTILITIES AND PIPELINES BEFORE BEGINNING EXCAVATION &PROTECT FROM DAMAGE.2.ALL SITE WORK SHALL BE CONSTRUCTED IN CONFORMANCE WITH THEALASKA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION & PUBLIC FACILITIESSTANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION, 2020 EDITION.3.NO SURVEY WAS COMPLETED FOR THIS PROJECT, ALL LOCATIONS ANDELEVATIONS ARE APPROXIMATE, BASED ON RECORD DRAWINGS, AND WILLNEED TO BE FIELD VERIFIED BY THE CONTRACTOR.OHEUGEUGCOHEUGEUGCABBREVIATIONS:&ANDØDIAMETER#NUMBER%PERCENT⅊PROPERTY LINEBLDG BUILDINGBOPBOTTOM OF PIPEBOTBOTTOMCOMMUNDERGROUND COMMUNICATIONCONCCONCRETECVEACOPPER VALLEY ELECTRICASSOCIATIONEEAST(E)EXISTINGELELEVATIONEWEACH WAYFGFINISH GRADEFSFROST SUSCEPTIBLEFTFEETGGASGBGRADE BREAKGALVGALVANIZEDHHEIGHTIFCINTERNATIONAL FIRE CODEININCHMAXMAXIMUMMEMATCH EXISTINGMINMINIMUMNNORTHNENORTHEASTNICNOT IN CONTRACTNWNORTHWESTOHEOVERHEAD ELECTRICPSIPOUNDS PER SQUARE INCHR&RREMOVE AND REPLACERECRECORDREINFREINFORCINGREQ'DREQUIREDSSOUTHSDSTORM DRAINSESOUTHEASTSECSECTIONSFSQUARE FEETSTASTATIONSTLSTEELSWSOUTHWESTTBTEST BORINGTCTOP OF CONCRETETHTEST HOLETYPTYPICALUGEUNDERGROUND ELECTRICV.B.VALVE BOXVERTVERTICALWWATER, WESTW/WITHCIVIL SPECIFICATIONS:EARTHWORKA.ALL FILL MATERIAL SHALL CONTAIN NO LUMPS, FROZEN MATERIAL,ORGANIC MATTER, OR OTHER DELETERIOUS MATTER, AND SHALL BEDURABLE AND SOUND.B.ALL FILL MATERIAL SHALL BE PLACED IN LIFTS NO THICKER THAN 12INCHES, 6 INCHES IF COMPACTED BY HAND OPERATED EQUIPMENT.C.ALL FILL SHALL BE MATERIAL CONFORMING TO ADOT & PF STANDARDSPECIFICATION 703-2.07, SELECTED MATERIAL, TYPE A.D.ALL FILL MATERIAL SHALL BE COMPACTED TO A MINIMUM OF 95% OF THEMODIFIED PROCTOR MAXIMUM DENSITY, UNLESS INDICATED OTHERWISE.JHGS/R (E) COMMUNITY BUILDING(E) GARAGE(E) CLINIC(E) MULTIPURPOSEBUILDINGHOUSETRACT "C"TRACT "E"TRACT "D"N89°49'00"E370.03'46.78'N89°48'00"E266.75'N00°13'00"W99.82'N79°29'00"E264.59'N79°29'00"E259.42'N00°13'00"W132.57'N89°47'00"E253.86'N89°47'00"E328.36'N06°46'00"E 180.30' N06°46'00"E 275.06''UGENADINA STREET (E) OFFICESUBDIVISION ROADKAIWASI STREET 59.94' N00°06'00"WN89°48'00"EJJJJJJOHEUGC UGCUGCUGCHGS/RHGS/RHGS/RHGS/RHGS/RUGC UGC UGCHGS/R HG S / R REVDATEDESCRIPTIONPROJ. NO.DRAWNCHECKEDDATECOFFMAN ENGINEERS INC.CSHEET TITLE:SHEET NO:1ABCDABCD123452345KLUTI-KAAHTRIBAL COUNCILISSUED FORCONSTRUCTIONKLUTI-KAAH BIOMASSVILLAGE OF KLUTI-KAAH104 OLD RICHARDSONHIGHWAY, COPPERCENTER, AK 9957309/20/2021201178www.coffman.comAECC249ph 907.276.6664800 F StreetAnchorage, AK 99501REGISTEREDPROFESSI ONAL E N GINEERSep 20, 2021No. CE11057Michael A. FrisonCIVIL SITE PLANC-100RJGMAFSCALE:1C-100CIVIL SITE PLAN1" = 30'-0"SHEET NOTES:1.DIMENSIONS AND RADII SHOWN ARE TO FACE OF FOUNDATIONUNLESS INDICATED OTHERWISE.2.REMOVE ALL ORGANICS AND FROST-SUSCEPTIBLE MATERIALAT THE BOTTOM OF EXCAVATION BACKFILL AS REQUIRED WITHSELECT MATERIAL, TYPE A.3.GRADE AWAY FROM STRUCTURES AT 2% TO 5% SLOPE TOMATCH EXISTING.4.FOR TRENCH SECTION SEE 1/ C-200.5.CONTRACTOR SHALL REMOVE ALL ORGANICS AND UNSUITABLEMATERIAL FROM BELOW NEW STRUCTURES. BACKFILL WITHSELECTED MATERIAL, TYPE A.6.SEE 4/S-300 FOR CONNECTION AT HOOP STRUCTURE BASE ANDCONEX ROOF.7.THE CHIP STORAGE STRUCTURE IS OWNER PROVIDED. IT IS A42 FT x 40 FT FABRIC STRUCTURE WITH ARCHED STEELTRUSSES THAT WILL SPAN BETWEEN THE INSIDE EDGES OFTHE TWO SOUTH CONEXES. THE STRUCTURE ISMANUFACTURED BY ALASKA DREAMS INC. OF FAIRBANKS, AK.010203060901"=30'-0"1-1/2" COMMCONDUITJUNCTION BOXES ON THEEXTERIOR OF THE BUILDINGSFOR FUTURE COMM. TYP OF 61-1/2" COMMCONDUIT1-1/2" COMM CONDUIT1-1/2" COMMCONDUITELECTRICAL SERVICE UTILITY POLE,TRANSFORMER AND OVERHEAD SECONDARYSERVICE FEEDERS BY CVEA. REFER TOELECTRICAL ONE-LINE FOR ADDITIONALINFORMATION.HEATING GLYCOL SUPPLYAND RETURN PIPING, SEEMECHANICALHEATING GLYCOL SUPPLYAND RETURN PIPING, SEEMECHANICALHEATING GLYCOLSUPPLY AND RETURNPIPING, SEEMECHANICALHEATING GLYCOLSUPPLY AND RETURNPIPING, SEE MECHANICAL10.00'FROM PROP LINETO FACE OF POST10.00'TYP15.00'CONEXCONEXCONEX CHIPSTORAGEHOOPSTRUCTURE(NOTE 7)BIOMASS BOILER CONEX W/DISTRICT HEAT EQUIPMENT &ROTAG BIN, SEE S-100ACCESS RAMP,SEE STRUCTURAL11.00'40.00' TYP40.00'8.00'TYP26.33'32.50'6.41'NOTE 6, TYP(E) UNDERGROUNDELECTRIC ℄ TRENCHSLOPE FORSAFETY, TYPNON-TRAFFIC AREATRAFFIC AREAPRE-INSULATED PEX PIPING,SEE M-100 FOR PIPE SIZING,SEE M-200 FOR INSULATIONTHICKNESSFINISH GRADE(E) GRADEPROVIDE DETECTABLE WARNING TAPE(E) ROADWAYSTRUCTURAL SECTIONSEE NOTE 23'-0" MIN6"MINSELECTEDMATERIAL, TYPE A12"6"MIN1-1/2" COMM CONDUIT4'-0" MIN SEE NOTE 1 6"MIN6"MINREVDATEDESCRIPTIONPROJ. NO.DRAWNCHECKEDDATECOFFMAN ENGINEERS INC.CSHEET TITLE:SHEET NO:1ABCDABCD123452345KLUTI-KAAHTRIBAL COUNCILISSUED FORCONSTRUCTIONKLUTI-KAAH BIOMASSVILLAGE OF KLUTI-KAAH104 OLD RICHARDSONHIGHWAY, COPPERCENTER, AK 9957309/20/2021201178www.coffman.comAECC249ph 907.276.6664800 F StreetAnchorage, AK 99501REGISTEREDPROFESSI ONAL E N GINEERSep 20, 2021No. CE11057Michael A. FrisonCIVIL DETAILSC-200RJGMAFSCALE:1C-200TYPICAL TRENCH DETAIL3/4" = 1'-0"01243/4"=1'-0"SHEET NOTES:1.CONTRACTOR SHALL REMOVE ALL ORGANICS FROM THEBOTTOM OF EXCAVATION. BACKFILL WITH SELECT MATERIAL,TYPE A.2.REMOVE AND REPLACE THE (E) ROADWAY STRUCTURALSECTION TO THE SAME STRATA AS REQUIRED FORCONSTRUCTION. REVDATEDESCRIPTIONPROJ. NO.DRAWNCHECKEDDATECOFFMAN ENGINEERS INC.CSHEET TITLE:SHEET NO:1ABCDABCD123452345KLUTI-KAAHTRIBAL COUNCILISSUED FORCONSTRUCTIONKLUTI-KAAH BIOMASSVILLAGE OF KLUTI-KAAH104 OLD RICHARDSONHIGHWAY, COPPERCENTER, AK 9957309/20/2021201178www.coffman.comAECC249ph 907.276.6664800 F StreetAnchorage, AK 99501REGISTEREDPROFESSI ONAL E N GINEERSep 20, 2021No. CE 13651MATTHEW C. STIELSTRAGENERALSTRUCTURALNOTESS-001HUBMCSGENERAL STRUCTURAL NOTESTHE FOLLOWING NOTES APPLY UNLESS SHOWN OTHERWISE:CODE & STANDARDSALL CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND WORKMANSHIP SHALL CONFORM TO THE REQUIREMENTSOF THESE DRAWINGS, INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE (IBC) 2012 EDITION AND ASCE 7-10"MINIMUM DESIGN LOADS FOR BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES" AS ADOPTED BY THESTATE OF ALASKA.LOADING CONDITIONSTHE FOLLOWING LOAD CONDITIONS WERE USED IN THE DESIGN OF THIS FACILITY:RISK CATEGORY ----------------------------------------------- IILOAD COMBINATIONS CONCRETE--------------------------------------------------- LOAD AND RESISTANCE FACTOR DESIGN TIMBER--------------------------------------------------------- ALLOWABLE STRESS DESIGNLIVE LOADS MECHANICAL/ELECTRICAL ROOMS ----------------125 PSF STORAGE -----------------------------------------------------125 PSFSNOW LOAD GROUND SNOW, Pg ---------------------------------------70 PSF IMPORTANCE FACTOR, Is ------------------------------1.00 EXPOSURE COEFFICIENT, Ce -------------------------1.0 THERMAL COEFFICIENT, Ct ----------------------------1.2 FLAT ROOF SNOW LOAD, Pf ---------------------------59 PSF SLOPED ROOF SNOW LOAD, Ps --------------------- 55 PSFWIND LOADS ENCLOSURE CLASSIFICATION -----------------------PARTIALLY ENCLOSED WIND SPEED, V -------------------------------------------- 116 MPH, 3-SEC GUST EXPOSURE CATEGORY ---------------------------------"C" TOPOGRAPHIC FACTOR, Kzt --------------------------1.00 DIRECTIONALITY FACTOR, Kd ------------------------0.85 GUST FACTOR, G ------------------------------------------ 0.85 INTERNAL PRESSURE COEFFICIENT, GCpi. -----±0.55SEISMIC LOADS PER ASCE 7-10 IMPORTANCE FACTOR, I ------------------------------- 1.00 SPECTRAL ACCELERATION, SHORT, Ss ---------- 1.009g SPECTRAL ACCELERATION, 1.0 SEC, S1---------- 0.462g SITE CLASS -------------------------------------------------- D, ASSUMED SHORT PERIOD SITE COEFFICIENT, Fa -----------1.096 LONG PERIOD SITE COEFFICIENT, Fv -------------1.538 DESIGN SPECTRAL RESP., SHORT, Sds ----------0.738g DESIGN SPECTRAL RESP., LONG, Sd1 ------------0.474g SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORY -------------------------D SEISMIC FORCE RESISTING SYSTEM -ROTAG BUILDING, SOUTH WALL CANTILEVERED COLUMN SYSTEM ORDINARY REINFORCED CONCRETE MOMENT FRAMES RESPONSE MODIFICATION FACTOR, R --------1.0 OVERSTRENGTH FACTOR Ω-----------------------1.25 DEFLECTION AMP. FACTOR, Cd ------------------ 1.0 BASE SHEAR, V ----------------------------------------- 0.738WSEISMIC FORCE RESISTING SYSTEM -ROTAG BUILDING, NORTH/EAST/WEST WALL BEARING WALL SYSTEM WOOD PANEL SHEAR WALLS RESPONSE MODIFICATION FACTOR, R --------6.5 OVERSTRENGTH FACTOR Ω-----------------------3.0 DEFLECTION AMP. FACTOR, Cd ------------------ 4.0 BASE SHEAR, V ----------------------------------------- 0.113WSHIPPING LOADSEQUIPMENT IN MODULES SHALL BE RESTRAINED TO RESIST A LATERAL LOAD AND VERTICAL LOAD OF0.5W.ALLOWABLE SOILS PRESSURESBUILDING FOUNDATION DESIGN IS BASED ON THE PRESUMPTIVE LOAD-BEARING VALUES FROM IBC TABLE1806.2 FOR MATERIAL CLASSIFICATION 4. THIS MATERIAL CLASSIFICATION IS ASSUMED BASED ON THESOILS LISTED IN THE TEST HOLE #1 LOG ON DRAWING C1.0 FOR THE KLUTI-KAAH RECREATION & LEARNINGCENTER, DATED APRIL 2, 2009.ALLOWABLE BEARING --------------------------------------- 2000 PSFSHORT TERM BEARING ------------------------------------- 2667 PSFCOEFFICIENT OF FRICTION ------------------------------- 0.25REINFORCED CONCRETEALL SITE CAST CONCRETE SHALL BE IN ACCORDANCE WITH ACI AND ASTM SPECIFICATIONS ASFOLLOWS:COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH -------------------------------- ASTM C39; 4500 PSI AT 28 DAYS, TYPICALAGGREGATE ----------------------------------------------------ASTM C33; 1-INCH MAX, NORMAL WEIGHTCEMENT ----------------------------------------------------------- ASTM C150; TYPE I, IA, III, OR IIIAWATER -------------------------------------------------------------POTABLEWATER/CEMENT RATIO -------------------------------------NOT TO EXCEED 0.45 BY WEIGHTAIR ENTRAINMENT -------------------------------------------- ASTM C260; 4.5% TO 7.5% BY VOLUMESTEEL REINFORCEMENT ----------------------------------- ASTM A615, GR 60, SHOP-BENT ONLYASTM A706, GR 60, FIELD BENT OR WELDEDALL SLABS SHALL BE AIR-ENTRAINED AND BROOM FINISHED.CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT COVERPERMANENTLY EXPOSED TO EARTH ------------------3"EXPOSED TO EARTH OR WEATHER ≤#5 --------------1 1/2"EXPOSED TO EARTH OR WEATHER ≥#6 --------------2"OTHER REINFORCEMENT ---------------------------------- 1 BAR DIAMETER, 3/4" MINIMUMCONCRETE REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULEFOOTINGS 1'-0" x 2'-0" x CONT. ----------------------------------(3) #4 CONT., #4 @ 18" O.C. TRANSVERSE1'-0" x 3'-0" x CONT. ----------------------------------(3) #5 CONT., #4 @ 18" O.C. TRANSVERSEWALLS8" CONC -------------------------------------------------#5 @ 12" O.C. VERT, #4 @ 12" O.C. HORIZONE LAYER AT WALL CENTERLINE12" CONC ------------------------------------------------#5 @ 12" O.C. VERT E.F., #4 @ 12" O.C. HORIZ E.F.POST-INSTALLED ANCHORSICC CERTIFICATION REQUIRED. INSTALL ANCHORS AND DOWELS IN ACCORDANCE WITH MANUFACTURER'SWRITTEN REQUIREMENTS INCLUDING DRILL BIT, HOLE DIAMETER AND DEPTH, HOLE CLEANING, EPOXYPLACEMENT, DOWEL OR ANCHOR INSTALLATION, CURING, FASTENER ATTACHMENT, AND TORQUE.ADHESIVE ANCHORS AND DOWELS --------------------2-PART EPOXY SYSTEM: RED HEAD "S7",HILTI "HY-200", SIMPSON "SET", OR APPROVEDEQUIVALENT.CONCRETE EXPANSION ANCHORS -------------------- RED HEAD "TRUBOLT+", HILTI "KWIK-BOLT TZ",SIMPSON "STRONG BOLT", OR APPROVEDEQUIVALENT.CONCRETE SCREW ANCHORS ---------------------------RED HEAD "LARGE DIAMETER TAPCON (LDT)",HILTI "HUS-EZ", SIMPSON "TITEN HD", ORAPPROVED EQUIVALENT.STRUCTURAL SAWN LUMBERLUMBER VISUALLY GRADED AND STAMPED PER WWPA STANDARD GRADING RULES. MOISTURECONTENT OF LUMBER 2" OR LESS IN THICKNESS - 19% MAXIMUM.JOISTS, RAFTERS & OTHER STRUCTURAL FRAMINGHEM-FIR SPECIES, NO.1 OR BETTER, Fb = 975 PSI.POSTS AND TIMBERS ---------------------------------------- DOUGLAS-FIR LARCH SPECIES, NO. 1 OR BETTER,Fc = 1000 PSI.DOUGLAS-FIR LARCH MAY BE USED IN-LIEU OF HEM-FIR.CONVENTIONAL CONSTRUCTION PROVISIONS PER IBC CHAPTER 2304. MINIMUM NAILING FOR CONNECTIONOF VARIOUS COMPONENTS PER IBC TABLE 2304.9.1. TREAT WOOD EXPOSED TO WEATHER, OR IN GROUNDCONTACT, OR BEARING ON OR WITHIN 1" OF CONCRETE WITH PRESERVATIVE. USE MILD STEEL PLATEWASHERS AT ALL BOLT HEADS AND NUTS BEARING ON WOOD. ATTACH FOUNDATION PLATES AND SILLSTO CONCRETE WITH GALVANIZED A307 BOLTS. ALL FOUNDATION SILL PLATE ANCHOR BOLTS SHALL HAVE1/4" THICK x 3" SQUARE GALVANIZED PLATE WASHER PLACED BETWEEN TOP OF SILL AND BOTTOM OFANCHOR BOLT NUT. USE COMMON NAILS ONLY. WHERE ROUGH CARPENTRY IS PRESSURE-PRESERVATIVETREATED, PROVIDE FASTENERS OF TYPE 304 STAINLESS STEEL. USE GALVANIZED FRAMING HARDWAREMANUFACTURED BY SIMPSON COMPANY OR APPROVED EQUAL. FRAMING HARDWARE IN CONTACT WITHTREATED WOOD SHALL BE ZMAX GALVANIZED FRAMING HARDWARE BY SIMPSON COMPANY, ORAPPROVED EQUAL. ICC/ICBO CERTIFICATION REQUIRED. PROVIDE FULL BEARING UNDER ALLBEAMS/GIRDERS WITH BUILT-UP STUDSUNLESS A POST/COLUMN IS OTHERWISE NOTED.LAG SCREWS ---------------------------------------------------- ASTM A307, HEX HEAD, HOT-DIP GALVANIZEDSTRUCTURAL STEELALL STRUCTURAL STEEL SHALL CONFORM TO AISC AND ASTM SPECIFICATIONS AS FOLLOWS:ANGLES, RODS, AND CHANNELS-------------------------ASTM A36, FY = 36 KSIPLATES, BARS ---------------------------------------------------ASTM A36, FY = 36 KSI OR ASTM A572, FY = 50 KSIANCHOR RODS -------------------------------------------------F1554 GR36, HOT-DIP GALVANIZEDHIGH STRENGTH BOLTS ------------------------------------ASTM A325 HOT-DIP GALVANIZEDGALVANIZING ---------------------------------------------------- ASTM A385; AFTER FABRICATION.FABRICATION AND ERECTION SHALL BE IN ACCORDANCE WITH AISC SPECIFICATIONS.STEEL EXPOSED IN FINISHED WORK SHALL BE CLEAN AND HAVE A UNIFORM SURFACE. GOUGES SHALLBE FILLED AND GROUND SMOOTH. SCALE AND MILL MARKS SHALL BE REMOVED. BOLTS EXPOSED INFINISH WORK SHALL BE INSTALLED WITH HEADS ON THE VISIBLE SIDE OF THE CONNECTION.STRUCTURAL STEEL WELDINGALL STRUCTURAL STEEL WELDS SHALL BE PRE QUALIFIED AND CONFORM TO AISC AND AWSSPECIFICATIONS AS FOLLOWS:WELDERS ---------------------------------------------------------CERTIFIED FOR ROD AND POSITIONELECTRODES ----------------------------------------------------E70XX; HEAVY COATED, LOW HYDROGENMINIMUM WELD ------------------------------------------------- CONTINUOUS FILLET PER AISC TABLE J2.4.CONTRACTOR SHALL SUBMIT WELDER QUALIFICATIONS AND PROCEDURE QUALIFICATIONS. WHERE NOTSHOWN, USE MIN. WELD SIZE PER AISC AND AWS.WELDS EXPOSED IN FINISHED WORK SHALL BE FREE OF SLAG, SPATTER, AND GOUGES. SHARP EDGESSHALL BE GROUND SMOOTH.STRUCTURAL STEEL SHOP FINISHINGALL STRUCTURAL STEEL SHALL BE SURFACE PREPARED AND SHOP PAINTED EXCEPT AS NOTED.SURFACE PREPARATION SHALL CONFORM TO SSPC SP-3 POWER TOOL CLEANING TO REMOVE ALL SCALEAND RUST. SHOP PAINT SHALL BE SSPC PAINT 25, ALKYD PRIMER, 2 MIL DRY THICKNESS MIN. NO PAINTON SURFACES: EMBEDDED IN CONCRETE, OR WITHIN 2" OF FIELD WELDING. STRUCTURAL STEELEXPOSED TO WEATHER AND IN CONTACT WITH PRESSURE-TREATED LUMBER IN FINISHED WORK SHALL BEHOT-DIP GALVANIZED.FIELD WELDS SHALL BE CLEANED AND TOUCH-UP PAINTED. FIELD WELDS ON HOT-DIP GALVANIZED STEELSHALL BE CLEANED AND COATED WITH A ZINC-RICH PAINT.ALL STRUCTURAL STEEL HARDWARE (BOLTS, NUTS, WASHERS, ETC.) SHALL BE GALVANIZED.SHEATHINGSPECIAL STRUCTURAL INSPECTION REQUIRED. ALL SHEATHING SHALL CONFORM TO APASPECIFICATIONS AND THICKNESS AS FOLLOWS:ROOF --------------------------------------------------------------- 19/32-INCH, 24/16, APA DOC PS 2SEE PLANS FOR WALL SHEATHING THICKNESSALL ROOF SHEATHING SHALL BE INSTALLED FACE GRAIN (MARKED SPAN DIRECTION) PERPENDICULAR TOSUPPORTS. ALL UNSUPPORTED WALL PANEL EDGES SHALL BE BACKED BY 2x FLATBLOCKING WITH EDGE FASTENERS. SHEATHING MAY BE PLYWOOD OR OSB.FASTEN ROOF SHEATHING TO SUPPORTS WITH 10d NAILS @ 6" O.C. AT PANEL EDGES AND 12" O.C. IN THEFIELD.TIGHTEN SPACING TO 4" O.C. AT DIAPHRAGM BOUNDARIES (I.E. RIM BOARDS, LEDGERS, EXTERIORWALLS, SHEAR WALLS). ALSO TIGHTEN SPACING TO 8" O.C. IN THE FIELD FOR PANELS THAT ARELOCATED WITHIN 4'-0" OF ROOF EDGE.SUBMITTALSTHE FOLLOWING ITEMS ARE TO BE DETAILED BY THE CONTRACTOR USING THE CRITERIA SHOWN IN THEDESIGN DOCUMENTS. THE FOLLOWING ITEMS SHALL BE SUBMITTED FOR REVIEW TO THE ENGINEER FORRECORD PRIOR TO FABRICATION:CONCRETE MIX DESIGNPOST-INSTALLED ANCHOR DATA SHEETSCONCRETE REINFORCEMENT SHOP DRAWINGSSEISMIC RESTRAINT OF EQUIPMENTSHIPPING RESTRAINT FOR EQUIPMENTSPECIAL STRUCTURAL INSPECTIONTHE OWNER SHALL RETAIN A SPECIAL INSPECTOR FOR THE FOLLOWING ACTIVITIES:CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION ------------------------------PER IBC TABLE 1705.4GENERAL CONTRACTOR NOTESTHE GENERAL CONTRACTOR SHALL VERIFY LOCATION OF ALL EXISTING UTILITIES AND STRUCTURESAFFECTING THE WORK. NOTIFY THE OWNER IN WRITING OF ANY DISCREPANCIES BETWEEN EXISTINGCONDITIONS AND THAT SHOWN IN THE CONTRACT DOCUMENTS WHICH ADVERSELY AFFECTS THE WORK.THE CONTRACTOR SHALL PROVIDE TEMPORARY BRACING AND SHORING REQUIRED FOR INSTALLATIONOF ALL COMPONENTS OF THIS CONTRACT.THE CONTRACTOR SHALL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ALL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS AND THE METHODS,TECHNIQUES, AND SEQUENCES OF PROCEDURES REQUIRED TO PERFORM THE WORK. THECONTRACTOR SHALL COORDINATE ALL TRADES AND VERIFY DIMENSIONS IN THE FIELD.THESE DRAWINGS INDICATE GENERAL AND TYPICAL DETAILS OF CONSTRUCTION. WHERE CONDITIONSARE NOT SPECIFICALLY SHOWN, SIMILAR DETAILS OF CONSTRUCTION SHALL BE USED, SUBJECT TO THEREVIEW AND APPROVAL OF THE OWNER.BLDGBUILDINGBTMBOTTOMCLRCLEARCOLCOLUMNCONCCONCRETEDIAMDIAMETER(E)EXISTINGEAEACHE.A.EACH FACEEQEQUALE.W.EACH WAYFNDFOUNDATIONFTFOOTHORIZHORIZONTALO.C.ON CENTEROHOVERHEADMAT'LMATERIALMAXMAXIMUMMINMINIMUMSTANDARD STRUCTURAL ABBREVIATIONSPLPLATEPTPRESSURE-TREATEDR.O.ROUGH OPENINGSTDSTANDARDT&BTOP AND BOTTOMT.O.TOP OFTYPTYPICALVERTVERTICALW/WITHWWEIGHT 13'-0"16'-10"ROTAG BUILDING WIDTH7'-0"32'-6" ROTAG BUILDING LENGTH 2'-6" 42'-0"1'-4"±PER TWINHEAT8'-0"3'-8"±1'-0"40'-0"1'-0"42'-0"10"3'-0" WIDE CONTINUOUSFOOTING PER SECTION8" CONC FND WALL6x6 POST ANCHOREDTO PAD W/ SIMPSONSTRONG-TIE CBS66,TYP OF 5CONC PAD PER SECTIONBIOMASS BOILERCONEX BY TWINHEAT1'-0"1'-0"8" CONCSTEM WALL2'-0" STRIPFOOTING6" CONC SLAB WITH#4 @ 12" O.C.MID-DEPTH1S-2002S-2003S-2009'-10"15'-1"9'-8"14'-7"1'-0"±x3'-0"± BLOCKOUT IN PAD FORINSULATED PIPE PENETRATION.CONTRACTOR TO DETERMINE FINALSIZE AND LOCATION BASED ONINSULATED PIPE DIMENSIONS.ROTAG ARM, TYP(BY OTHERS)2'-10"12'-10" DOOR R.O. 12'-10" DOOR R.O. 2'-0" 1'-0" 2'-0" 1'-0" 34'-6"16'-10"12'-2"1'-3" 8'-0"8'-0"8'-0"8'-0" 1'-3" 34'-6"BOILERSTACKSNOWSPLITTER2x12 @ 16" O.C.19/32 ROOFSHEATHINGSLOPE6x8 PTBEAM (TYP)8" CONC WALL (BELOW)AT ROTAG BUILDING SOUTH WALLBIOMASS BOILER CONEXBY TWINHEAT (BELOW)1S-2002S-2003S-200WOOD-FRAMED WALL (BELOW)AT ROTAG BLDG PERIMETER,TYP (3) SIDESOPENING (BELOW) FOR ROTAGARM, SEE S-200 SHEET NOTE 2(TYP OF 2)(NOTE 1)HDHDHDHD(BELOW @ 2x BTM PLATE,NOTE 2, TYP)HDHDHDHDHDHD2x OUTRIGGER TO SUPPORTOUTSIDE JOIST SUB FASCIA,TYPICAL ALL FOUR CORNERS OFROTAG BUILDING(2) 6'-0" LONG HORZ SECTIONS OFGALVANIZED P1000 CHANNEL,TACK WELDED TO OUTSIDE OFCONEX FOR ELECTRICALEQUIPMENT MOUNTING, SEEE-100. FIELD-DETERMINECHANNEL HEIGHT AND OFFSET.REVDATEDESCRIPTIONPROJ. NO.DRAWNCHECKEDDATECOFFMAN ENGINEERS INC.CSHEET TITLE:SHEET NO:1ABCDABCD123452345KLUTI-KAAHTRIBAL COUNCILISSUED FORCONSTRUCTIONKLUTI-KAAH BIOMASSVILLAGE OF KLUTI-KAAH104 OLD RICHARDSONHIGHWAY, COPPERCENTER, AK 9957309/20/2021201178www.coffman.comAECC249ph 907.276.6664800 F StreetAnchorage, AK 99501REGISTEREDPROFESSIONAL E N GINEERSep 20, 2021No. CE 13651MATTHEW C. STIELSTRASTRUCTURALPLANSS-100HUBMCSSCALE:1S-100BOILER CONEX AND ROTAG BUILDING FOUNDATION PLAN1/4" = 1'-0"0123468121/4"=1'-0"SCALE:2S-100BOILER CONEX AND ROTAG BUILDING ROOF PLAN1/4" = 1'-0"NORTH0123468121/4"=1'-0"NORTHSHEET NOTES:1.FASTEN JOISTS TO WALL TOP PLATES OR BEAM WITH (1) SIMPSON H8 HURRICANE TIE W/ 0.131"x1-1/2"NAILS.2.HD = HOLD DOWN:SIMPSON HDU4-SDS2.5 W/ (10) 14"x2-12" SDS SCREWS INTO (2) 2x6 STUDS. USE 58"DIAM SIMPSON SSTB24 ANCHOR BOLT, 20-58" MIN EMBED.3.SEE GENERAL NOTES FOR TYPICAL CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT. 6'-5"±16'-10"ROTAG BUILDING WIDTH13'-0"10"C POSTL1S-3013S-2001'-6"6"BOILER STACKTELESCOPING GUYROD BY TWINHEAT(TYP OF 3)6x6POSTBIOMASS BOILERCONEX BY TWINHEAT8" DEEP CONC PAD#5 @ 12" O.C. EW(E) GRADE1'-0" MINCLR (2) 2x6 TOP PLATE W/BEVELED PLATE ABOVEBOILER EXPANSION TANK6" SLAB1244'-0"4x12 AND 6x12 LUMBER STACKEDTO ALLOW APPROX. 6' DEEPADDITIONAL STORED BIOMASSCHAIN OPERATEDOVERHEAD DOOR,TYP OF 28" CONCHEADERSNOW SPLITTER,PREFABRICATED ORFIELD-DESIGNED W/ ROOFPANEL MAT'L2S-2008" CONCFND WALLRAMP @ 15° MAX SLOPE(SHEET NOTE 1)(E) GRADE3'-0" WIDE x 1'-0" DEEPCONTINUOUS FOOTING(TYP) @ BLDG PERIMETER29 GAUGE EXPOSEDFASTENER STEELROOF PANEL3'-6"±3'-71 4"5S-300TYP EA ENDOF RAMP2'-0" WIDE x 1'-0" DEEPSTRIP FOOTING8" CONC STEM WALL3'-3"2'-4"TYP 3 SIDES WEATHER-PROOFEXTR PANELS,TYP OF (3)BLDG SIDESSHEAR WALL W/ 2x6 STUDS @8" O.C. & 716" THICKSHEATHING, TYP OF (3) BLDGSIDES (NOTE 2)2x6 BTMPLATE(NOTE 3)8" CONCFND WALL(NOTE 4)16'-0"DOUBLE 2x8 TOPPLATE W/ BEVELEDPLATE ABOVETIE, TYP OF (3)LOCATONS PERJOIST (S-100 NOTE 1)2x JOIST PER PLAN716" THICK SHEATHING AT WALLINTERIOR FACE , 10'-0" MIN ABOVEFND WALL, TYP OF (3) BLDG SIDES2S-3012x12 SUB FACIA, TYP2x BLOCKING TYPAT EA JOIST BEARING4S-2003"32'-6"ROTAG BUILDING LENGTH2'-0"12'-10"DOOR R.O.2'-10"12'-10"DOOR R.O.2'-0"8" CONC WALL, SEE 4/S-200STACKED LUMBERPER SECTION (TYP). LUMBER ENDS TOTERMINATE AT OHDOOR JAMBS AND BERESTRAINEDHORIZONTALLY BYTHE FLANGES OFVERTICALLY-ORIENTEDSTEEL CHANNELSATTACHED TO CONCAT DOOR JAMBS.PROSTAR 790CW BY OVERHEADDOOR (OR EQUAL), TYP OF 2OVERHEAD DOOR VERTICAL TRACKBY MANUFACTURER, ANCHOREDTO EXTERIOR OF WALL8" CONC WALL, SEE 4/S-200T.O. RAMPT.O. CONC FND WALLT.O. CONC WALL17'-107 8"1'-3"8'-0"8'-0"8'-0"8'-0"1'-3"7'-6" 15'-57 8"±SIMPSON STRONG-TIEPOST CAP (TYP)6x BEAM PERPLAN, TYP2x6 BRACING,TYPBOILERCONEXPAD6x6 POST,TYP#3 VERT TIES@ 12" O.C. MAXDECREASE TIE SPACINGTO 6" O.C. MAX FORBOTTOM (6) TIESLAP BARS IN TOP HALF @ MID SPAN. LAP BARSIN BTM HALF NEAR CENTER COL FACE. PROVIDESTD HOOK FOR ALL BARS @ END COLUMNSAS SHOWN.CLASS BLAP SPLICEDOWELS FROM FNDWALL REINFORCEMNT,CONTINUED AND LAPPEDW/ COL REINFORCEMENT (TYP)CLASS BLAP SPLICE(3) #5 VERT BARS EA FACE(6 BARS TOTALIN SECTION), TYP(3) #5 VERT BARS EA FACE (6 BARSTOTAL IN SECTION). PROVIDE STDHOOK AT TOP OF (4) OUTSIDE BARSAS SHOWN.CONC FND WALL3S-301REVDATEDESCRIPTIONPROJ. NO.DRAWNCHECKEDDATECOFFMAN ENGINEERS INC.CSHEET TITLE:SHEET NO:1ABCDABCD123452345KLUTI-KAAHTRIBAL COUNCILISSUED FORCONSTRUCTIONKLUTI-KAAH BIOMASSVILLAGE OF KLUTI-KAAH104 OLD RICHARDSONHIGHWAY, COPPERCENTER, AK 9957309/20/2021201178www.coffman.comAECC249ph 907.276.6664800 F StreetAnchorage, AK 99501REGISTEREDPROFESSIONAL E N GINEERSep 20, 2021No. CE 13651MATTHEW C. STIELSTRASTRUCTURALELEVATIONSS-200HUBMCSSCALE:1S-200BOILER CONEX AND ROTAG BUILDING SECTION1/4" = 1'-0"0123468121/4"=1'-0"SHEET NOTES:1.REFER TO CIVIL SPECIFICATIONS ON C-001 FOR RAMP FILL MATERIAL AND COMPACTION REQUIREMENTS.2.ALONG BUILDING BACK WALL, PROVIDE (2) 1'-6"x1'-6" OPENINGS FOR ROTAG ARMS. FIELD LOCATEVERTICAL POSITION AND SEPARATION DISTANCE OF OPENINGS. BETWEEN THE OPENINGS, FOR THE FULLHEIGHT OF WALL, FASTEN PANEL EDGES @ 3" O.C. AND 12" O.C. IN THE FIELD. SEE GENERAL NOTES FORTYPICAL PANEL FASTENING REQUIREMENTS BEYOND THESE OPENINGS. FRAME OPENINGS WITH HEADERAND TRIMMER STUDS.3.SECURE BTM PLATE TO FND WALL W/ 58" DIAM CAST-IN-PLACE ANCHOR BOLTS @ 4'-0" O.C. MAXCENTERED IN STEM WALL, 4" MIN EMBED, TYPICAL.4.COORDINATE INSTALLATION OF REQUIRED CONCRETE ENCASED ELECTRODE WITH ELECTRICAL PRIORTO CONCRETE POUR. REFER TO ELECTRICAL FOR SERVICE EQUIPMENT LOCATION.SCALE:2S-200ELEVATION AT ROTAG BUILDING DOORS1/4" = 1'-0"0123468121/4"=1'-0"SCALE:3S-200ELEVATION AT LOW END ROOF SUPPORT1/4" = 1'-0"0123468121/4"=1'-0"SCALE:4S-200CONC WALL REINFORCEMENT ELEVATION1/4" = 1'-0"0123468121/4"=1'-0" 11'-0"11'-0"11'-0"40'-0"2'-0" LONGC12 EMBED, TYP12'-0" LONGCONCRETE SLEEPER,TYP OF 4 PER CONTAINER2S-300 TYP3S-30040-FT SHIPPINGCONTAINER PROVIDEDBY KLUTI-KAAH3'-6"3'-6"3'-6"INSTALL 3'-0"± WIDE X 7'-0"± TALLEGRESS DOOR. CUT HOLE INCONTAINER SIDE PANEL AND FRAMEOPENING (KING STUDS, JACKSTUDS, HEADER, ETC.) W/ STEEL ORLUMBER MEMBERS THAT SPANFROM CONTAINER FLOOR TOCONTAINER TOP SIDE RAIL. TYPICALEACH SHIPPING CONTAINER ATCHIP STORAGE AREA.2'-6"TYP 3" CLRTYPCHAMFER 34" (TYP)(8) #5 W/ STDHOOK EACH END#4 HOOP @ 12" O.C.(DETAIL NOTE 1)EMBEDDED CHANNEL W/SHEAR CONNECTOR STUDSDETAIL NOTES:1. ADJUST HOOP @ EMBEDDEDCHANNEL AS REQUIRED TOAVOID FLANGES.1'-0"2"TYP3/16TYPC12x20.7(2) 34"Ø SHEARCONNECTORSTUDS @12" O.C. (MAX)6" GAUGECONC SLEEPERSECTIONELEVATION2'-6"3" CLR 6" 6"SHIPPINGCONTAINER(BY KLUTI-KAAH)5/16CHANNELEMBEDCONCRETEFOUNDATION5/16L3x3x38x0'-6"5/16SIDEANDENDSGROUT ASREQUIRED(NO GAP CONDITION)(GAP CONDITION)CONCRETEFOUNDATIONSHIPPINGCONTAINER(BY KLUTI-KAAH)SHIPPING CONTAINERBOTTOM SIDE RAILSHIPPING CONTAINERBOTTOM SIDE RAILEQEQ L312x212x14x0'-4"@ 4'-0" O.C.3/163SIDES38"x212" LAG SCREWSTRUCTURE-TO-4x CONNECTIONBY HOOP STRUCTUREMANUFACTURER/INSTALLERFABRIC HOOP STRUCTURE TRUSS(BY OTHERS)PT 4x12 CONTINUOUS ALONGSHIPPING CONTAINER EDGE.BEAR ENDS ON TOP OFCONTAINER'S CORNER FITTINGS.PL 1/4x4x0'-6" @ 4'-0" O.C.3/163SIDES6" LONG PT PLYWOOD SHIMPACK, DEPTH AS REQUIRED TOSUPPORT 4xSHIPPING CONTAINERTOP SIDE RAILSHIPPING CONTAINERPROVIDED BY KLUTI-KAANSHIPPING CONTAINERROOF PANELNOTE: AT SCREW LOCATIONS, THIS CONNECTION HASAN UNFACTORED HORIZONTAL THRUST CAPACITY OF2,100 POUNDS AND AN UNFACTORED UPLIFT CAPACITYOF 1,000 POUNDS. HOOP STRUCTURE MANUFACTURERSHALL VERIFY THAT CONNECTION SHOWN ISADEQUATE TO RESIST THE CALCULATED HOOPSTRUCTURE THRUST AND UPLIFT REACTIONS (TO BECALCULATED BY HOOP STRUCTURE DESIGNER).NOTIFY ENGINEER IF THRUST AND/OR UPLIFTREACTIONS EXCEED THE LISTED CAPACITIES.RAMP PER SECTION1'-0"6'-0" TYP3'-0" FOR H < 2'-0"2'-0"H = 7'-71 4" MAX VARIES W/ RAMP SLOPE(E) GRADE1'-0" DEEP x CONTINUOUSFOOTING34" CHAMFER, TYP12" CONC WALL#4 @ 12" O.C. E.W. T&B#4 @ 12" O.C. HORIZ#5 @ 12" O.C. VERT#4 @12" O.C.E.W.DOWELS EACH FACE TO MATCHVERT BARS. PROVIDE STD HOOK INFOOTING AND CLASS B LAP SPLICEWITH WALL BARSREVDATEDESCRIPTIONPROJ. NO.DRAWNCHECKEDDATECOFFMAN ENGINEERS INC.CSHEET TITLE:SHEET NO:1ABCDABCD123452345KLUTI-KAAHTRIBAL COUNCILISSUED FORCONSTRUCTIONKLUTI-KAAH BIOMASSVILLAGE OF KLUTI-KAAH104 OLD RICHARDSONHIGHWAY, COPPERCENTER, AK 9957309/20/2021201178www.coffman.comAECC249ph 907.276.6664800 F StreetAnchorage, AK 99501REGISTEREDPROFESSIONAL E N GINEERSep 20, 2021No. CE 13651MATTHEW C. STIELSTRASTRUCTURALDETAILSS-300HUBMCSSCALE:1S-300TYPICAL SHIPPING CONTAINER FOUNDATION AT CHIP STORAGE AREA1/4" = 1'-0"0123468121/4"=1'-0"SCALE:2S-300CONCRETE SLEEPER FOUNDATION DETAIL3/4" = 1'-0"01243/4"=1'-0"SCALE:3S-300TYPICAL SHIPPING CONTAINER BASE CONNECTION DETAIL3" = 1'-0"3"=1'-0"12"6"03"9"SCALE:4S-300TYPICAL LEDGER AT HOOP STRUCTURE BASE/CONTAINER ROOF3" = 1'-0"3"=1'-0"12"6"03"9"SCALE:5S-300RAMP WALL SECTION1/2" = 1'-0"012461/2"=1'-0" 1'-107 8"8"#3 STIRRUPS WITHSEISMIC TIES@ 12" O.C. MAX(2) #5 MID BARS(3) #5 CONT T&B1'-6"CHAMFER 34"PROVIDE CORNER BARS TO MATCHSLAB REINFORCEMENTSLAB PER SECTIONREINFORCE PER GEN NOTES8" STEM WALL3" CLR8"8"8"DOWEL TO MATCH SLAB REINFORCEMENTPROVIDE STD HOOK CAST-IN-WALLWITH DOWEL HORIZ LEG LAPPED WITH SLAB BARSREINFORCE PER GEN NOTESPROVIDE VERTICAL DOWEL TO MATCHWALL VERT BARS WITH LAP SPLICECAST STD HOOK IN FTG3" CLR1'-2"8"1'-2"REINFORCE PERGEN NOTESREINFORCE PERGEN NOTESFOOTING PER PLANFOOTING PER PLANSLAB &REINFORCEMENTPER PLANSLAB & REINFORCEMENTPER PLANREINFORCE PER GEN NOTES(2) #4 CONT AT TOP OF WALLSTUD WALL BOTTOM PLATEANCHOR BOLTREVDATEDESCRIPTIONPROJ. NO.DRAWNCHECKEDDATECOFFMAN ENGINEERS INC.CSHEET TITLE:SHEET NO:1ABCDABCD123452345KLUTI-KAAHTRIBAL COUNCILISSUED FORCONSTRUCTIONKLUTI-KAAH BIOMASSVILLAGE OF KLUTI-KAAH104 OLD RICHARDSONHIGHWAY, COPPERCENTER, AK 9957309/20/2021201178www.coffman.comAECC249ph 907.276.6664800 F StreetAnchorage, AK 99501REGISTEREDPROFESSIONAL E N GINEERSep 20, 2021No. CE 13651MATTHEW C. STIELSTRASTRUCTURALDETAILSS-301HUBMCSSCALE:3S-301HEADER DETAIL1" = 1'-0"01231"=1'-0"SCALE:1S-301STEM WALL DETAIL1" = 1'-0"01231"=1'-0"SCALE:2S-301FOUNDATION WALL DETAIL1" = 1'-0"01231"=1'-0" REVDATEDESCRIPTIONPROJ. NO.DRAWNCHECKEDDATECOFFMAN ENGINEERS INC.CSHEET TITLE:SHEET NO:1ABCDABCD123452345KLUTI-KAAHTRIBAL COUNCILISSUED FORCONSTRUCTIONKLUTI-KAAH BIOMASSVILLAGE OF KLUTI-KAAH104 OLD RICHARDSONHIGHWAY, COPPERCENTER, AK 9957309/20/2021201178www.coffman.comAECC249ph 907.276.6664800 F StreetAnchorage, AK 99501REGISTEREDPROFESSI ONAL E N GINEERSep 20, 2021BRENT L. LITTLEME 12298NOTES & BASISOF DESIGNM-001ISWBLL2%ACOMPRESSED AIRAAVAUTOMATIC AIR VENTACHAIR CHANGES PER HOURACMASBESTOS CONTAINING MATERIALSAF AIR FLOW SWITCHAFF ABOVE FINISH FLOORAHU AIR HANDLING UNITASMEAMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICALENGINEERSAW ACID WASTEAWT AVERAGE WATER TEMPERATUREBA BREATHING AIRBB BASEBOARDBFBYPASS FEEDERBTU BRITISH THERMAL UNITBV BALANCING VALVECA MEDICAL COMPRESSED AIRCC COOLING COILCFM CUBIC FEET PER MINUTECLG CEILINGCMU CONCRETE MASONRY UNITCONCCONCRETECO CLEANOUTCUH CABINET UNIT HEATERCW COLD WATERCWRCHILLED WATER RETURNCWSCHILLED WATER SUPPLYDB DRY BULBØ DIAMETER OR PHASEDEMODEMOLISH OR (D)DN DOWNDPS DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE SWITCHDWG DRAWING(E) EXISTINGEAEXHAUST AIREAT ENTERING AIR TEMPERATUREEF EXHAUST FANEG ETHYLENE GLYCOLESP EXTERNAL STATIC PRESSUREEWT ENTERING WATER TEMPERATUREEXH EXHAUSTEXISTEXISTINGF FIRE PROTECTIONFCO FLOOR CLEANOUTF.D. FIRE DAMPERFD FLOOR DRAINFDC FIRE DEPARTMENT CONNECTIONFF FINISH FLOORFOR FUEL OIL RETURNFOS FUEL OIL SUPPLY OR FUSIBLE OILSAFETYFSD FIRE SMOKE DAMPERFT FLASH TANK OR FEETFTR FINNED TUBE RADIATIONG LOW PRESSURE GASGAL GALLONSGPH GALLONS PER HOURGPM GALLONS PER MINUTEHB HOSE BIBBHC HEATING COILHL HIGH LIMITHP HORSEPOWERHPR HIGH PRESSURE CONDENSATE RETURNHPS HIGH PRESSURE STEAMHR HOURHTG HEATINGHGR HEATING GLYCOL RETURNHGS HEATING GLYCOL SUPPLYHWC HOT WATER CIRCULATIONHWR HEATING WATER RETURNHWS HEATING WATER SUPPLYHW HOT WATERHWC HOT WATER CIRCULATIONHX HEAT EXCHANGERKH KICKSPACE HEATERLAT LEAVING AIR TEMPERATURELF LINEAL FOOTLPR LOW PRESSURE CONDENSATE RETURNLPS LOW PRESSURE STEAMLWT LEAVING WATER TEMPERATUREMAV MANUAL AIR VENTMAX MAXIMUMMBH THOUSANDS BTU PER HOURMFR MANUFACTURERMG MEDICAL GASMIN MINIMUM OR MINUTESMPG MEDIUM PRESSURE GASMPR MEDIUM PRESSURE CONDENSATERETURNMPS MEDIUM PRESSURE STEAMMS MOTOR STARTER(N)NEWNC NORMALLY CLOSEDN.I.C. NOT IN CONTRACTNO NORMALLY OPENNPT NATIONAL PIPE THREADNTS NOT TO SCALEO/ OVEROA OUTSIDE AIROW OILY WASTEO2 MEDICAL OXYGENPG PROPYLENE GLYCOLPH PHASEPLCS PLACESPRV PRESSURE REGULATING VALVEPSI POUNDS PER SQUARE INCHPSIG POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH GAUGEPT PRESSURE/TEMPERATURERA RETURN AIRRCP RADIANT CEILING PANELREQDREQUIREDRL RAIN LEADERRO REVERSE OSMOSISR.O. ROUGH OPENINGRPM REVOLUTION PER MINUTESA SUPPLY AIRSD SMOKE DETECTORSP STATIC PRESSURESSTL STAINLESS STEELT TEMPERATURETAB TEST, ADJUST & BALANCETB TERMINAL BOXTP TRAP PRIMERTSP TOTAL STATIC PRESSURETYP TYPICALUH UNIT HEATERUS UNDERSLABV VENT OR VOLTSVAC VOLTAGE ALTERNATING CURRENTVAV VARIABLE AIR VOLUMEVTR VENT THRU ROOFW WASTEW/ WITHWB WET BULBWC WATER CLOSETW.C. WATER COLUMNWCO WALL CLEANOUTWH WATER HEATERWHAWATER HAMMER ARRESTORNOTES:SPECIFIC NOTE FOR THIS SHEET ITEM ONLY1.NOTE APPLIES TO ENTIRE SHEETXX-X- UNDERLINED DESIGNATOR HAS SCHEDULEDVALUES, SEE MECHANICAL SCHEDULESPIPE & DUCT SIZES:INCH MARKS (") ARE NOT USED WHEN INDICATINGPIPE AND DUCT SIZES ON PLANS, DETAILS, ORDIAGRAMS, EXCEPT FOR THE NUMERAL 1.PIPING SYMBOLSABBREVIATIONSGENERALALL SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS DO NOT NECESSARILY APPEAR ON DRAWINGSXLINETYPES:EXISTING (THIN LINE)NEW (BOLD LINE)EXISTING TO BEDEMOLISHEDSUPPLY, SEE ABBREVIATIONS FOR MEDIUMRETURN, SEE ABBREVIATIONS FOR MEDIUMCOLD WATER, CWHOT WATER, HWHOT WATER CIRCULATION, HWCVENT, V/ ACID VENT, AVTRAP PRIMER LINESANITARY WASTEBELOW GRADE WASTEPUMPED WASTEPUMPED CONDENSATERAIN LEADEROVERFLOW RAIN LEADERREVERSE OSMOSISSTORM DRAINACID WASTECOMPRESSED AIRFIRE PROTECTION MAINNATURAL GASMEDIUM PRESSURE GASATPXXXXXXGMPGBGWPWPCRLORLROSDAWFGATE VALVENEEDLE VALVEBALL VALVEGLOBE VALVEPLUG VALVESTOP COCKCONTROL VALVE3-WAY CONTROL VALVEMOTORIZED (M) OR SOLENOID (S) VALVE3-WAY MOTORIZED (M) OR SOLENOID (S)VALVEBUTTERFLY VALVEFUSIBLE OIL SAFETY VALVECHECK VALVEBACKFLOW PREVENTERBALANCE VALVEBALANCE VALVE (AUTOMATIC)PRESSURE REDUCING VALVEPRESSURE RELIEF VALVESPECIAL VALVEBASKET STRAINERY TYPE STRAINERHOSE BIBBHOSE THREAD DRAIN VALVE WITH CAPHOSE THREAD DRAIN BALL WITH CAPHOSE QUICK DISCONNECTFLANGESFIRE DEPT. CONNECTIONUNIONREDUCER, CONCENTRICREDUCER, ECCENTRICPT PLUGTHERMOWELLTHERMOMETER (LIQUID IN GLASS)PRESSURE GAUGE W/ COCKAIR VENTC-COINM-MANUALA-AUTOMATICH-HIGH VOLUMEPIPE SLOPE DIRECTION DOWNFLOW DIRECTIONEXPANSION LOOPEXPANSION JOINTPIPE GUIDEPIPE ANCHORFLEX COUPLINGPUMP (ARROWHEAD INDICATES FLOWDIRECTION)WALL CLEANOUT/ BLIND FLANGEFLOOR CLEANOUTYARD CLEANOUTFLOOR SINKFLOOR DRAINROOF OVERFLOW DRAINROOF DRAINWATER HAMMER ARRESTOR (ELEV.)PIPE DOWNPIPE UPTEE UPTEE DOWNCAPCONNECT TO EXISTINGVWBASIS OF DESIGN:PROJECT:KLUTI-KAAH BIOMASS DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM1.SCOPE: THIS PROJECT INCLUDES THE CONSTRUCTION OF A WOODCHIP FIRED CENTRAL BOILER PLANT FOR THE NATIVE VILLAGE OFKLUTI-KAAH. THE CENTRAL PLANT IS DESIGNED TO PROVIDEAPPROXIMATELY 70% OF THE HEATING CAPACITY TO THECONNECTED BUILDINGS. THE CONNECTED BUILDINGS WILL STILLUTILIZE EXISTING FUEL OIL BURNING EQUIPMENT DURING PEAKHEATING DEMAND TIMES WHEN THE CENTRAL PLANT CANNOT MEETTHE FULL HEAT LOAD.A.THE SYSTEM IS DESIGNED TO SERVE THE FOLLOWINGFACILITIES:1. CURRENT BUILDINGS·MULTI-PURPOSE BUILDING·OFFICE·HALL·GARAGEB.HEAT GENERATION EQUIPMENT1. INSTALLED IN THIS PROJECT·ONE (1) TWINHEAT CS250I CHIP WOOD BOILER2. ADDITIONAL BOILERS MAY BE INSTALLED IN THE FUTURE.2.CODES AND STANDARDS (CURRENT VERSIONS)A.ASHRAE HANDBOOK, FUNDAMENTALSB.ASHRAE HANDBOOK, HVAC APPLICATIONSC.ASHRAE HANDBOOK, HVAC SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONSD.ASHRAE 90.1 ENERGY STANDARD FOR BUILDINGS EXCEPTLOW-RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGSE.NFPA 101: LIFE SAFETY CODEF.STATE OF ALASKA CODES ENFORCED:1. INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE (IBC) WITH STATEAMENDMENTS.2. INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE (IMC) WITH STATEAMENDMENTS.3. UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE (UPC) WITH STATE AMENDMENTS.4. INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE (IFC) WITH STATE AMENDMENTS.5. INTERNATIONAL FUEL GAS CODE (IFGC) CHAPTERS 6 AND 7.6. NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE (NEC) WITH STATE AMENDMENTS3. CONNECTED BUILDING LOADSA.MULTI-PURPOSE BUILDING (BASED ON CURRENT DESIGN FORSYSTEM THAT HAS NOT BEEN INSTALLED):1. 640 MBH: (BASED ON 64 GPM AT 20F DELTA T). IT IS ASSUMEDTHAT THE TWO EXISTING OIL BOILERS (EACH AT 396 MBHOUTPUT) ARE SIZED AT 2/3 CAPACITY. IT IS ASSUMED THATONLY ONE OF THE TWO SYSTEM PUMPS (EACH AT 64 GPM)OPERATE AT A TIME.B.OFFICE:1. 168 MBH: MATCHES EXISTING FURNACE SIZE.C.HALL:1. 234 MBH: MATCHES TWO EXISTING FURNACES SIZED AT 117MBH EACH.D.GARAGE:1. 72 MBH: MATCHES EXISTING TOYO STOVE SIZE.4. HYDRONIC PIPING DESIGN CRITERIAA.ALL DISTRIBUTION PIPING SIZED FOR FLOW RATES BASED ON 30FDELTA T.B.MAX WATER PRESSURE DROP: 4 FT. W.G./100 FT.C.MAX WATER VELOCITY: 6 FT/SECD.PROVIDE SHUT OFF VALVE FOR ISOLATION OF MAJOR AREASAND AT EACH PIECE OF EQUIPMENTE.INSULATED DISTRIBUTION PIPING TO BE FLEXIBLE NON-METALLICPER OWNER'S DIRECTION.5. CENTRAL PLANT SYSTEM DESIGN TEMPERATURES:A.ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE HEATING WATER BOILER (TWINHEAT):1. RETURN WATER TEMPERATURE (EWT): 158°F2. SUPPLY WATER TEMPERATURE (LWT):185°FB.PRESSURIZED WATER SYSTEM (DISTRICT HEATING DISTRIBUTIONSYSTEM):1. RETURN WATER TEMPERATURE (EWT): 150°F2. SUPPLY WATER TEMPERATURE (LWT):180°F6. SEISMIC: SEE STRUCTURALA.MECHANICAL COMPONENT IMPORTANCE FACTOR:1. ALL AREAS HAVE FACTOR OF 1.57. THE PROJECT DOES NOT INCLUDE THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTIONOF THE DISTRICT HEAT TIE-INS TO THE OFFICE, HALL, GARAGE, ANDMULTI-PURPOSE BUILDING, AS THIS EFFORT WILL BE COMPLETED BYOTHERS. ET-1GMT-1CP-1ATO/FROM DISTRICT HEATING LOOPSEE 1/C-100 FOR CONTINUATIONTWINHEAT SUPPLIEDHEAT EXCHANGERHGSBP-1TWINHEAT SUPPLIEDBOILER PUMPBOILER FLUEWB-1CHIP AUGERS FROM ROTAG CHIP BINS (TYP.2)FLANGES TO CONNECT TODISTRICT HEATING LOOP,SEE NOTE 4.CP-1BHGRHX-1BIOMASS BOILER CONEXREVDATEDESCRIPTIONPROJ. NO.DRAWNCHECKEDDATECOFFMAN ENGINEERS INC.CSHEET TITLE:SHEET NO:1ABCDABCD123452345KLUTI-KAAHTRIBAL COUNCILISSUED FORCONSTRUCTIONKLUTI-KAAH BIOMASSVILLAGE OF KLUTI-KAAH104 OLD RICHARDSONHIGHWAY, COPPERCENTER, AK 9957309/20/2021201178www.coffman.comAECC249ph 907.276.6664800 F StreetAnchorage, AK 99501REGISTEREDPROFESSI ONAL E N GINEERSep 20, 2021BRENT L. LITTLEME 12298PIPING ANDEQUIPMENTINSTALLATIONM-002ISWBLLSCALE:1M-002PIPING AND EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION1/2" = 1'-0"012461/2"=1'-0"SHEET NOTES:1.TWINHEAT TO PROVIDE, INSTALL, ANCHOR, ANDWIRE CP-1A AND CP-1B PRIOR TO SHIPPINGMODULE.2.TWINHEAT TO PROVIDE, INSTALL, PIPE, ANDANCHOR GMT-1 AND ET-1 PRIOR TO SHIPPINGMODULE.3.SEE TWINHEAT SHOP DRAWINGS FOR ADDITIONALDETAILS OF LAYOUT OF TWINHEAT PROVIDEDEQUIPMENT.4.TWINHEAT SHALL INSTALL ALL PIPING,APPURTENANCES, PUMPS, AND EQUIPMENT INSIDETHE CONEX.5.MODULE ELECTRIC UNIT HEATER PROVIDED ANDINSTALLED BY TWINHEAT. WB-12 HX-1SET TO85 PSI3 2 2 3 AS-1PIPETOGMT-1ET-1GMT-13 3 HIGH POINT VENTHIGH POINT VENTHIGH POINT VENTHIGH POINT VENTHGS/R TO/FROMGARAGELOOP SUPPLY AND RETURN DURINGCONSTRUCTION TO ALLOW FOR CIRCULATION.SEE 1/C-100 FOR LOCATION OF PIPINGTERMINATION AT BUILDING. SEE 2/M-100 FORPIPING DETAIL AT BUILDING EXTERIOR.HGS/R TO/FROMHALLHGS/R TO/FROMOFFICEHGS/R TO/FROMMULTI-USE BLDG32 2 1 1 1-1/21-1/222BP-1CP-1ACP-1B322 1-1/2" SYSTEM FILLCONNECTIONHGSHGRHGRHGSPIPE TOGMT-1STRAINERWITHBLOWDOWN40GPM40GPM5 GPM24 GPM11 GPM43 GPMLOOP SUPPLY AND RETURN DURINGCONSTRUCTION TO ALLOW FORCIRCULATION. SEE 1/C-100 FORLOCATION OF PIPING TERMINATION ATBUILDING. SEE 2/M-100 FOR PIPINGDETAIL AT BUILDING EXTERIOR.LOOP SUPPLY AND RETURN DURINGCONSTRUCTION TO ALLOW FORCIRCULATION. SEE 1/C-100 FORLOCATION OF PIPING TERMINATIONAT BUILDING. SEE 2/M-100 FOR PIPINGDETAIL AT BUILDING EXTERIOR.LOOP SUPPLY AND RETURNDURING CONSTRUCTION TOALLOW FOR CIRCULATION. SEE1/C-100 FOR LOCATION OFPIPING TERMINATION ATBUILDING. SEE 2/M-100 FORPIPING DETAIL AT BUILDINGEXTERIOR.GRADEBURIED, PREINSULATED PIPINGBUILDINGEXTERIOR3/4AIR VENTCAP PIPINGAPPROXIMATELY12" FROM WALLPIPING ENCLOSUREWITH LOOSEINSULATIONFUTURE PIPING BYOTTHERSNOTES:VALVE OPEN DURING SYSTEM STARTUP. CLOSEVALVE WHEN BUILDING HAS BEEN CONNECTED TOTHE DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM.11INSIDE CONEXOUTSIDEINSIDE CONEXOUTSIDESHEET NOTES:1.TWINHEAT SHALL INSTALL ALL PIPING,APPURTENANCES, PUMPS, AND EQUIPMENT INSIDETHE CONEX.2332CP-1C(FUTURE)KEEP ISOLATION VALVESLOCKED CLOSED UNTIL THEMULTI-PURPOSE BUILDINGIS OPERATIONALHGS/HGR LOOP TO MULTI-USEBUILDING SHALL NOT HAVEGLYCOL (I.E. LEFT AIR FILLED)UNTIL THE MULTI-PURPOSEBUILDING IS OPERATIONALLOCATION OF FUTURE PUMPCP-1C WHEN MULTI-PURPOSEBUILDING IS OPERATIONAL(FOR REDUNDANCY)2 REVDATEDESCRIPTIONPROJ. NO.DRAWNCHECKEDDATECOFFMAN ENGINEERS INC.CSHEET TITLE:SHEET NO:1ABCDABCD123452345KLUTI-KAAHTRIBAL COUNCILISSUED FORCONSTRUCTIONKLUTI-KAAH BIOMASSVILLAGE OF KLUTI-KAAH104 OLD RICHARDSONHIGHWAY, COPPERCENTER, AK 9957309/20/2021201178www.coffman.comAECC249ph 907.276.6664800 F StreetAnchorage, AK 99501REGISTEREDPROFESSI ONAL E N GINEERSep 20, 2021BRENT L. LITTLEME 12298BOILER SCHEDULETAGTYPEGROSS BOILEROUTPUT (MBH)EWT (°F)LWT (°F)FLUE DIAMETERFUEL TYPEELECTRICALBASIS OF DESIGNNOTESVOLTAGEPHASEWATTSMANUFACTURERMODELWB-1BIOMASS81915818510"WOOD CHIP4003422TWINHEATCS250i1,2,3,4NOTES:1. GROSS OUTPUT CORRECTED FOR WOOD CHIP FUEL WITH 25% WATER QUANTITY.2. FULLY FUNCTIONING BOILER SYSTEM TO BE PROVIDED BY TWINHEAT WITH A SINGLE POINT POWER CONNECTION AT TRANSFORMER.3. TWINHEAT PROVIDED BOILER SYSTEM IS WIRED IN EUROPEAN STANDARD VOLTAGES.4. TWINHEAT TO PROVIDE HEAT EXCHANGER HX-1. AND BP-1.5. 243 GAL BOILER VOLUME.EXPANSION TANK SCHEDULETAGSYSTEMBASIS OF DESIGNTYPETANKVOLUMEACCEPT.VOLUMESYSVOLUMEMIN. FILLTEMP (F)OPERATINGTEMP (F)MAX. SYSTEMP (F)CHARGEPSIGRELIEFPSIGNOTESMANUFACTURERMODELET-1SYSTEM LOOPAMTROL300-LBLADDER80 GAL80 GAL800 GAL35185200501251NOTES:1. SYSTEM VOLUME BASED ON DISTRIBUTION LOOP VOLUME OF 478 GALLONS AND AN ESTIMATED TOTAL CONNECTED BUILDING VOLUME OF 322 GALLONS.PUMP SCHEDULETAGAPPLICATIONFLOW(GPM)HEAD(FT)MOTORSPEEDMOTORBASIS OF DESIGNNOTESVOLTSPHASEHPMANUFACTURERMODELCP-1ASYSTEM CIRCULATION40125346120833GRUNDFOSCRE5-9 N-B-A-E-HQQE1,2CP-1BSYSTEM CIRCULATION40125346120833GRUNDFOSCRE5-9 N-B-A-E-HQQE1,2NOTES:1. MULTI STAGE CENTRIFUGAL PUMP. PROVIDE WITH INTEGRAL VFD AND PRESSURE SENSOR.2. PROVIDE WITH SUCTION DIFFUSER.SEQUENCE OF OPERATION:WOOD BOILER (WB-1) AND BOILER PUMP BP-1RUN CONDITIONS:THE WOOD CHIP BOILER, PUMP, AND THREE-WAY VALVE RUN ONINTERNAL CONTROLS PROVIDED BY TWINHEAT.DISTRIBUTION PUMPS (CP-1A AND CP-1B):PUMPS SHALL BE MANUALLY ENERGIZED AND RUN WHENEVER ANYWOOD BOILER CIRCULATION PUMP IS RUNNING. DISABLE THEDISTRIBUTION PUMPS WHEN WOOD BOILER CIRCULATION PUMPS AREOFF.PUMPS SHALL RUN TO MAINTAIN A PRESSURE SETPOINT (ADJ.)MONITORED BY THE GRUNDFOS INTERNAL PI CONTROLLER.SCALE:1M-100PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAMNTSMISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT SCHEDULETAGEQUIPMENTCAPACITYMOTORBASIS OF DESIGNNOTESHPVOLTSPHASEMANUFACTURERMODELAS-1AIR SEPARATOR160 GPM---AMTROL4-ADS-GMT-1GLYCOL MAKEUP TANK50 GAL1/21201WESSELSGMP-150501NOTES:1. PROVIDE WITH LOW TANK LEVEL SENSOR AND LIGHT STROBE ALARM. WEATHERPROOF LIGHT AND STROBE TO BE LOCATED ONOUTSIDE OF BOILER SYSTEM CONTAINER IN LOCATION APPROVED BY OWNER.SCALE:2M-100HEATING PIPING BUILDING STUBOUTNTSP&ID,SCHEDULES, ANDSEQUENCE OFOPERATIONM-100ISWBLL REVDATEDESCRIPTIONPROJ. NO.DRAWNCHECKEDDATECOFFMAN ENGINEERS INC.CSHEET TITLE:SHEET NO:1ABCDABCD123452345KLUTI-KAAHTRIBAL COUNCILISSUED FORCONSTRUCTIONKLUTI-KAAH BIOMASSVILLAGE OF KLUTI-KAAH104 OLD RICHARDSONHIGHWAY, COPPERCENTER, AK 9957309/20/2021201178www.coffman.comAECC249ph 907.276.6664800 F StreetAnchorage, AK 99501REGISTEREDPROFESSI ONAL E N GINEERSep 20, 2021BRENT L. LITTLEME 12298SPECIFICATIONSM-200ISWBLLDRAWING SPECIFICATION - DIVISION 15 MECHANICAL15010 MECHANICAL WORK, GENERALA.GENERAL REQUIREMENTSCONTRACT REQUIREMENTS: COMPLY WITH BIDDING AND CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS AS OUTLINED BYTHE OWNER AND ENGINEER.WORK INCLUDED: THIS SECTION APPLIES TO ALL MECHANICAL WORK NORMALLY SPECIFIED UNDERDIVISION 15. PROVIDE ALL MATERIALS, LABOR, EQUIPMENT, TOOLS, FIELD DESIGN, SHOP DRAWINGS,HOISTING, SCAFFOLDING, SUPERVISION AND OVERHEAD FOR THE CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION,CONNECTION, TESTING AND OPERATION OF ALL MECHANICAL WORK AS SHOWN AND SPECIFIED. THEWORD "PROVIDE" USED HEREINAFTER MEANS TO FURNISH AND INSTALL. THE CONTRACTOR SHALLPROVIDE ALL WORK AND MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR A COMPLETE FUNCTIONING SYSTEM AS PART OFTHIS CONTRACT.CODES: COMPLY WITH ALL APPLICABLE CODES AND ORDINANCES OF THE LOCAL AND STATE CODEENFORCING AGENCIES. OBTAIN PERMITS, APPROVALS, AND INSPECTIONS, AND PAY ALL COSTS ANDFEES FOR PERMITS, REVIEWS, AND INSPECTIONS.ABBREVIATIONS: WHERE ABBREVIATIONS ARE USED IN THE SPECIFICATIONS AND ON THE DRAWINGS,THE COMMON INDUSTRY DEFINITION SHALL APPLY UNLESS INDICATED OTHERWISE. THE TERM O/E SHALLREFER TO THE OWNER AND MECHANICAL CONSULTING ENGINEER AS IF ONE ORGANIZATION.SUBMITTALS: SUBMIT PRODUCT DATA AND SHOP DRAWINGS FOR ALL SIGNIFICANT MATERIALS,EQUIPMENT, AND FIXTURES TO THE O/E FOR REVIEW. SPECIFIC ITEMS INCLUDE BUT NOT LIMITED TO,CONTROLS, PIPE SUPPORTS, PIPE SUPPORT CALCULATIONS, SEISMIC EQUIPMENT SUPPORT, ALL MAJOREQUIPMENT, PIPING AND SHEETMETAL LAYOUT, TAB PRELIMINARY REPORT, AND ALL SCHEDULEDEQUIPMENT, ETC. ALLOW TWO WEEKS TIME FOR REVIEW AND RETURN PRIOR TO ORDERING.SAFETY MEASURES: PROVIDE A SAFE ENVIRONMENT TO PROTECT EMPLOYEES AND ALL OTHERS FROMINJURY. COMPLY WITH STATE AND FEDERAL SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION.B.PERFORMANCE OF WORKCOORDINATION: COORDINATE ALL WORK WITH ALL OTHER TRADES AND TAKE ALL MEASUREMENTSNECESSARY TO ENSURE PROPER INSTALLATION OF MECHANICAL WORK PRIOR TO START OFFABRICATION. THIS CONTRACTOR SHALL PROVIDE LARGE-SCALE DETAIL DRAWINGS WHERE NECESSARYTO COORDINATE WORK IN TIGHT AREAS. THE CONTRACT DRAWINGS DO NOT ATTEMPT TO SHOW EXACTLOCATIONS OF DUCTWORK, PIPING, FIXTURES, AND EQUIPMENT OR ALL FITTINGS, OFFSETS, ANDINCIDENTAL WORK THAT WILL BE NECESSARY FOR INSTALLATION. ALL NECESSARY FITTINGS, OFFSETS,AND INCIDENTAL WORK SHALL BE PROVIDED AS PART OF THIS WORK WITHOUT ADDED COMPENSATION.CONTINUITY OF SERVICE: ANY SYSTEMS OR SERVICES WITHIN EXISTING OCCUPIED BUILDINGS SHALL BEMAINTAINED WITH MINIMUM INTERRUPTION. COORDINATE ANY NEEDED INTERRUPTIONS WITH THEOWNER. ANY OVERTIME WORK REQUIRED BY THIS PROJECT TO MAINTAIN EXISTING BUILDINGS INCONTINUOUS SERVICE, WITHOUT REDUCING THEIR EFFICIENCY, SHALL BE INCLUDED AS A PART OF THISCONTRACT.DEMOLITION: PROVIDE MECHANICAL SYSTEM DEMOLITION IN AREAS OF EXISTING BUILDINGS TOACCOMMODATE INSTALLATION OF NEW WORK. EXISTING PIPING, VALVES, AND DUCTWORK, WHEREINDICATED ON THE DRAWINGS, MAY BE REUSED IN THEIR ORIGINAL LOCATION. DO NOT REUSE EXISTINGPIPING, VALVES, OR DUCTWORK ONCE THEY ARE REMOVED, UNLESS WRITTEN PERMISSION IS OBTAINEDFROM OWNER. REMOVE ALL UNUSED PIPING AND DUCTWORK LOCATED IN REMODEL AREAS OF EXISTINGBUILDINGS.CUTTING AND PATCHING: PROVIDE ALL CUTTING OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION, AS REQUIRED FOR THISWORK. KEEP CUTTING TO A MINIMUM, AND USE SAW CUTTING TO MAINTAIN NEAT, EVEN OPENINGS.PROVIDE PATCHING AT ALL CUTTING LOCATIONS. ALL PATCHING SHALL CONFORM TO SPECIFICATIONSFOR THE NEW GENERAL CONSTRUCTION WORK. FINISH TO MATCH EXISTING WORK.C.PROJECT COMPLETIONRECORD DRAWINGS (AS-BUILTS): CORRECTIONS AND CHANGES MADE DURING THE PROGRESS OF THEWORK SHALL BE NEATLY RECORDED AS ACTUALLY INSTALLED FOR AS-BUILT RECORDS. FURNISH ONECLEAN SET TO THE O/E UPON COMPLETION OF THE PROJECT.OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALS: PROVIDE ONE PRELIMINARY COPY AND (3) FINISHED FINALCOPIES OF MECHANICAL OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALS, FOR WORK UNDER THIS PROJECT.ARRANGE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THE MANUALS IN AN ORDERLY ARRANGEMENT (BYSPECIFICATION SECTION), SEPARATED BY TABS. PROVIDE EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURER, MODEL NUMBER,SIZE, CAPACITY, PERFORMANCE DATA, SCHEDULE OF ROUTINE MAINTENANCE, SUPPLIERS LISTS, LIST OFREPLACEMENT PARTS, AND INCLUDE ANY SHOP DRAWINGS.OWNER INSTRUCTION: CONTRACTOR SHALL INSTRUCT THE OWNER IN THE USE AND OPERATION OF ALLSYSTEMS INSTALLED UNDER THIS CONTRACT. OBTAIN OWNER'S WRITTEN ACCEPTANCE THAT THEY HAVEBEEN ADEQUATELY TRAINED.GUARANTEE: GUARANTEE MATERIALS AND WORKMANSHIP FOR A PERIOD OF ONE YEAR AFTER THE DATEOF SUBSTANTIAL COMPLETION. REFER TO ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS OUTLINED BY ARCHITECT ANDOWNER.15050 BASIC MATERIALS AND METHODS (APPLIES TO ALL WORK)A.GENERALWORK INCLUDED: THIS SECTION APPLIES TO ALL MECHANICAL WORK NORMALLY SPECIFIED UNDERDIVISION 15, AND REPRESENTS REQUIREMENTS IN ADDITION TO THE REQUIREMENTS STATED IN OTHERSECTIONS. THE DIVISION-15 SPECIFICATIONS DO NOT COVER ALL ITEMS THAT WILL BE REQUIRED FORCOMPLETE AND WORKING SYSTEMS. WHERE MATERIALS OR EQUIPMENT NEEDED FOR THIS PROJECTARE NOT COVERED IN THESE SPECIFICATIONS, PROVIDE THE MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT OF A QUALITYEQUAL TO OR BETTER THAN THAT GENERALLY UTILIZED BY THE INDUSTRY FOR SIMILAR PROJECTS INTHE SAME GEOGRAPHIC AREA.B.SUPPORT AND HANGERSSEISMIC REQUIREMENTS: ALL EQUIPMENT TO BE SUPPORTED BASED UPON THE SEISMIC LOADINGOUTLINED IN STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS. MECHANICAL SYSTEM IMPORTANCE FACTOR IS: 1.5. PROVIDESUBMITTAL FOR SEISMIC SUPPORTS DESIGNED AND SIGNED BY ALASKA REGISTERED STRUCTURALENGINEER.SHIPPING LOADS: EQUIPMENT IN MODULES SHALL BE RESTRAINED TO RESIST A LATERAL LOAD AND AVERTICAL LOAD OF 0.5W WHERE “W” IS THE EQUIPMENT SELF-WEIGHT.SUPPORT OF MECHANICAL SYSTEMS: EACH PIECE OF EQUIPMENT SHALL BE SUPPORTED (FROM ABOVEOR BELOW) IN NOT LESS THAN FOUR CORNERS FROM THE BUILDING STRUCTURE. PIPING ANDDUCTWORK SHALL BE SUPPORTED AT INTERVALS SPECIFIED, WITH EACH SYSTEM SUPPORTEDINDEPENDENTLY FROM THE BUILDING STRUCTURE OR FLOOR SLAB.CONNECTIONS TO THE BUILDING STRUCTURE: WHERE BUILDING STRUCTURE IS WOOD OR STEEL, OBTAINO/E APPROVAL OF HARDWARE AND METHODS TO BE UTILIZED FOR ATTACHMENT TO THE STRUCTURE.ADDITIONAL FRAMING: PROVIDE STEEL FRAMING MEMBERS TO TRANSFER LOAD FROM SUPPORT POINTSAT HANGERS TO LOCATIONS WHERE CONNECTIONS CAN BE MADE TO THE BUILDING STRUCTURE.FRAMING MEMBERS SHALL BE 12-GAUGE MINIMUM, 1-3/8" X 1-5/8" MINIMUM CROSS-SECTION SIZE;UNISTRUT, POWERSTRUT, OR OTHER APPROVED. SELECT MEMBER SIZE AND TYPE, AS APPROPRIATEFOR LOAD PER MANUFACTURER GUIDELINES.PIPE HANGERS: CLEVIS OR RING HANGERS WITH STEEL RODS. HANGERS FOR ALL PIPING SHALL BESIZED FOR OUTSIDE INSULATION. SHIELDS AND BLOCK SHALL BE PROVIDED TO PROTECT INSULATION.MAXIMUM SPACING OF HANGERS FOR STEEL OR IRON PIPE UNDER 1" IS 6 FEET ON CENTER; 1" TO 1-1/2" IS8 FEET, 2" TO 3" IS 10 FEET, 4" AND OVER IS 12 FEET. MAXIMUM SPACING OF HANGERS FOR COPPER PIPE1-1/2" AND UNDER IS 6 FEET ON CENTER, 2" IS 8 FEET, OVER 2" IS 10 FEET .HANGER RODS: HOT ROLLED STEEL ROD, ASTM A 36; SIZE TO "CODE FOR PRESSURE PIPING", ANSI B 31.1,WITH SAFETY FACTOR OF 5. MINIMUM ROD SIZE; 1" PIPE AND SMALLER (240 POUNDS) = 1/4" ROD, 1-1/4" TO2" PIPE (TO 610 POUNDS) = 3/8" ROD, 2-1/2" TO 4" PIPE (TO 1,130 POUNDS) = 1/2" ROD, 5" TO 8" PIPE (TO 1,810POUNDS) = 5/8" ROD.C.EQUIPMENT AND PIPING IDENTIFICATIONNAMEPLATES: PROVIDE NAMEPLATE FOR EACH PIECE OF EQUIPMENT, INCLUDING EQUIPMENT NUMBERAND ANY SPECIAL INSTRUCTION FOR ITS USE; LAMINATED BLACK AND WHITE PLASTIC WITH LETTERINGCUT THROUGH TO WHITE BACKGROUND. MINIMUM SIZE 3" X 1".PIPE IDENTIFICATION: ALL PIPING IN SERVICEABLE LOCATIONS (INCLUDING ABOVE LAY-IN CEILINGS)SHALL BE IDENTIFIED WITH SEMI-RIGID PLASTIC OR ADHESIVE IDENTIFICATION MARKERS. MARKERSSHALL BE BRADY MANUFACTURE OR APPROVED. CONFORM TO ANSI A13.1, "SCHEME FOR THEIDENTIFICATION OF PIPING SYSTEMS". LOCATE MARKERS ADJACENT TO EACH VALVE, AT MINIMUM 25FOOT CENTERS WITH AT LEAST ONE MARKER BETWEEN ANY TWO PARTITIONS. PROVIDE DIRECTION OFFLOW ARROWS AT MARKERS.D.MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALSDIELECTRIC FITTINGS: PROVIDE AT EACH PIPE CONNECTION BETWEEN DISSIMILAR METALS. 2 INCHESAND SMALLER, 250 PSIG AT 180 DEG. F., ANSI B16.39. OVER 2" USE FLANGE FITTINGS, ANSI B16.42 (IRON)OR ANSI B16.24 (BRONZE), WATTS 3000 SERIES, EPCO OR EQUIVALENT. DIELECTRIC UNIONS ARE NOTACCEPTABLE.MOTORS: UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED, ALL ELECTRIC MOTORS FURNISHED SHALL CONFORM WITHTHE REQUIREMENTS OF NEMA MG1 "MOTORS AND GENERATORS".E.EXECUTION OF WORKINSTALLATION, GENERAL: FOLLOW MANUFACTURER'S INSTRUCTIONS AND UTILIZE GOOD INDUSTRYPRACTICE WHEN INSTALLING ALL WORK. USE ONLY SKILLED TRADESPEOPLE WITH QUALIFIEDSUPERVISION. ALL WORK SHALL BE LEFT NEAT AND CLEAN.CONCEALMENT: PIPING AND DUCTWORK SHALL BE EXPOSED WITHIN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION, UNLESSSPECIFICALLY INDICATED OTHERWISE. WHERE PIPING IS INDICATED TO PENETRATE FINISHEDCONSTRUCTION IN FINISHED SPACES, PROVIDE CHROME ESCUTCHEONS WHERE THE PIPINGPENETRATES THE WALL, FLOOR OR CEILING CONSTRUCTION.COORDINATION WITH OTHER TRADES: COMPLETE DRAWINGS OF ALL TRADES WILL BE DEVELOPED BYTHE CONTRACTOR AND AVAILABLE AT THE JOBSITE. CAREFULLY CHECK THESE DRAWINGS ANDSPECIFICATIONS BEFORE INSTALLING ANY WORK. CONSIDER THE WORK OF ALL OTHER TRADES ANDCOORDINATE WORK WITH THAT OF THE SHEET METAL, PIPING, PLUMBING, ELECTRICAL, AND SITE-WORKSUBCONTRACTORS, SO THAT THE BEST ARRANGEMENT OF ALL EQUIPMENT, PIPING, CONDUIT, DUCTS,AND OTHER RELATED ITEMS CAN BE OBTAINED.INTERCONNECTING WIRING: PROVIDE ANY NECESSARY INTERCONNECTING WIRING BETWEEN INDIVIDUALCOMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES FURNISHED WITH MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT PACKAGES (UNLESS THATWIRING IS SPECIFICALLY CALLED FOR ON THE ELECTRICAL DRAWINGS). WIRING AND WIRINGACCESSORIES SHALL BE IN ACCORDANCE WITH DIVISION 16 SPECIFICATIONS AND LOCAL ELECTRICALCODE. WIRING SHALL BE IN CONDUIT OR RACEWAY. WIRING SHALL BE PROVIDED BY THESUBCONTRACTOR PROVIDING THE EQUIPMENT PACKAGE.15080 MECHANICAL INSULATIONA.GENERALMANUFACTURERS: MANVILLE, OWENS-CORNING, CERTAINTEED, ARMACELL OR KNAUF. INSTALL INACCORDANCE WITH MANUFACTURER'S INSTRUCTIONS.ABOVE GROUND INSIDE HEATED BUILDINGS HEATING SYSTEM PIPING: 2.00" AND LESS PIPING TO RECEIVE1" OF INSULATION; 2.50" AND LARGER PIPING TO RECEIVE 1.5" OF INSULATION.ABOVE GROUND HEATING SYSTEM PIPING IN UNHEATED SPACES: 2.50" AND LESS PIPING TO RECEIVE 2"OF INSULATION; 3" AND LARGER PIPING TO RECEIVE 3" OF INSULATION.OUTSIDE PIPING: 2.50" AND LESS PIPING TO RECEIVE 2" OF INSULATION; 3" AND LARGER PIPING TORECEIVE 3" OF INSULATION.B.INSULATION MATERIALSINDOOR PIPE INSULATION: FIBERGLASS PIPE INSULATION WITH ALL-SERVICE JACKET SHALL BE PROVIDEDFOR ALL PIPING SYSTEMS. FITTINGS SHALL BE MITERED SECTIONS OF INSULATION WITH THE SAMETHICKNESS AS ADJACENT PIPE INSULATION WITH FACTORY-PREMOLDED, ONE-PIECE, UL LISTED (25/50)PVC FITTING COVERS. INSTALLATION MUST REFLECT CAREFUL WORKMANSHIP, AND BE NEAT INAPPEARANCE. COMPLETELY COVER ALL WORK IN THIS PROJECT.WOOD BOILER INSULATION: WOOD BOILERS SHALL BE INSULATED BY THE MANUFACTURER.EQUIPMENT INSULATION: FOR INSULATED MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT, PROVIDE CLOSED-CELL, EXPANDEDPOLYSTYRENE INSULATION MATERIALS. COMPLY WITH ASTM C 534, TYPE I FOR TUBULAR MATERIALS ANDTYPE II FOR SHEET MATERIALS.15180 HEATING AND COOLINGA.PIPING SYSTEMSABOVE GRADE PIPING: ABOVE GRADE HEATING PIPING SYSTEMS SHALL BE TYPE L COPPER WITH PLAINENDS AND, ALONG WITH RELATED VALVES, STRAINERS AND ACCESSORIES.UNDERGROUND PIPING: UNDERGROUND HEATING PIPING SHALL BE PREINSULATED TYPE A PEX (WITHOXYGEN BARRIER) WITH INSULATION THICKNESS AS INDICATED ABOVE. MATERIAL SHALL BEPOLYURETHANE (PE) OR EQUIVALENT. OUTER JACKET OF PREINSULATED PIPING SHALL BE LDPE OREQUIVALENT. CARRIER PIPING, INSULATION, AND OUTER JACKET SHALL BE JOINED AND SEALEDACCORDING TO THE REQUIREMENTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE MANUFACTURER OF THEPREINSULATED PIPING SYSTEM.B.ACCESSORIES AND EQUIPMENTCOMBINATION BALANCING AND SHUTOFF VALVES: 3" AND UNDER: BRONZE BODY, BRASS BALLCONSTRUCTION WITH TFE SEAT RINGS. VALVES TO HAVE DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE READ-OUT PORTSACROSS VALVE SEAT AREA. READOUT PORTS FITTED WITH INTERNAL EPT INSERT AND CHECK VALVE.VALVES TO HAVE MEMORY STOP TO ALLOW CLOSING AND REOPENING WITHOUT DISTURBING SETPOINT.VALVES LEAK TIGHT AT FULL RATED WORKING PRESSURE OF 200 PSIG OR BETTER. ALL VALVES TO HAVECALIBRATED NAMEPLATE FOR VALVE SETTINGS. BELL AND GOSSETT "CIRCUIT SETTER PLUS", EQUALTACO, ARMSTRONG OR APPROVED.PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE TEST PORTS: ALL BRASS CONSTRUCTION, 1000 PSIG MAXIMUM WORKINGPRESSURE, 1/4-INCH NPT. ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS: PETERSON EQUIPMENT COMPANY TYPE XL"PETE'S PLUGS", OR SISCO EQUIVALENT.EQUIPMENT, GENERAL: PROVIDE ALL EQUIPMENT CONSISTENT WITH THE CAPACITY, MANUFACTURER,MODEL NUMBER, AND ACCESSORIES AS SPECIFIED OR INDICATED ON THE DRAWING SCHEDULES ANDNOTES. EQUIPMENT SUPPLIERS SHALL VERIFY THAT MODEL NUMBERS ARE CONSISTENT WITH CAPACITY,FEATURES, AND ACCESSORIES CALLED FOR AND IDENTIFY ANY CONFLICTS PRIOR TO SUBMITTINGQUOTATIONS TO CONTRACTORS. ALL EQUIPMENT WITH ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS SHALL HAVE ULLISTING AS REQUIRED BY THE ELECTRICAL INSPECTOR. ALTERNATE MANUFACTURERS WILL BECONSIDERED; HOWEVER, O/E FINAL APPROVAL OF EQUALITY OF ALTERNATE MANUFACTURER MODELS ISREQUIRED. ACCEPTABLE ALTERNATE MANUFACTURERS INCLUDE PACO, BELL AND GOSSETT, AMTROL,ARMSTRONG, TACO, OR AS INDICATED OR PRIOR-APPROVED OTHERWISE. ALTERNATE MANUFACTURERSWITH PRIOR APPROVAL ARE STILL RESPONSIBLE FOR MEETING OR EXCEEDING THE QUALITY ANDFEATURES OF THE SPECIFIED ITEMS.C. WOOD BOILERINSTALL OWNER PROVIDED TWINHEAT WOOD BOILER CONEX PER MANUFACTURER INSTALLATIONINSTRUCTIONS.15950 TESTING, ADJUSTING, AND BALANCINGTESTING AND ADJUSTING: SUBJECT SYSTEMS TO SUCH OPERATING TESTS AS ARE REQUIRED TODETERMINE THAT THE EQUIPMENT INSTALLED WILL OPERATE PER THE SPECIFIED CAPACITY, RANGES,AND SEQUENCE OF OPERATION. SIMULATE ALL NORMAL AND POSSIBLE ABNORMAL CONDITIONS TOVERIFY PROPER OPERATION IN ALL CONDITIONS. IF TESTS DO NOT DEMONSTRATE SATISFACTORYSYSTEM PERFORMANCE, CORRECT DEFICIENCIES AND RETEST SYSTEMS. CONTRACTOR SHALL FURNISHTO THE OWNER A SIGNED STATEMENT INDICATING THAT TESTING HAS CONFIRMED PROPER OPERATIONOF ALL SYSTEMS.BALANCING: PROVIDE THE SERVICES OF A QUALIFIED BALANCING FIRM TO OBTAIN AIR AND HYDRONICFLOWS INDICATED ON THE DRAWINGS. BALANCING FIRM SHALL BE A MEMBER OF NEBB OR AABC.OBTAIN O/E APPROVAL OF THE BALANCING FIRM AT BEGINNING OF PROJECT. PROVIDE DRIVEADJUSTMENTS AS REQUIRED TO OBTAIN THE FLOWS INDICATED, AND PROVIDE RPM AND AMPERAGEMEASUREMENTS. AT THE COMPLETION OF PRELIMINARY TESTING PROVIDE A COMPLETE AND SIGNEDBALANCING REPORTS SUBMITTED TO THE O/E INDICATING FLOW RATES, RPMS, AMPERAGE, ETC. O/ESHALL REVIEW AND PROVIDE FEEDBACK ON ADJUSTMENTS NEEDED. FINAL REPORT TO BE SUBMITTEDAFTER ALL CORRECTIONS ARE MADE. REVDATEDESCRIPTIONPROJ. NO.DRAWNCHECKEDDATECOFFMAN ENGINEERS INC.CSHEET TITLE:SHEET NO:1ABCDABCD123452345KLUTI-KAAHTRIBAL COUNCILISSUED FORCONSTRUCTIONKLUTI-KAAH BIOMASSVILLAGE OF KLUTI-KAAH104 OLD RICHARDSONHIGHWAY, COPPERCENTER, AK 9957309/20/2021201178www.coffman.comAECC249ph 907.276.6664800 F StreetAnchorage, AK 99501REGISTEREDPROFESSI ONAL E N GINEERSep 20, 2021No. EE12048LOGAN R. HAINESNOTES, LEGEND&ABBREVIATIONSE-001JPWLRJABBREVIATIONSA, AMPAMPEREACALTERNATING CURRENTAFCAVAILABLE FAULT CURRENTAFFABOVE FINISHED FLOORAGL ABOVE GROUND LEVELAHAMPERE-HOURASCAMPS SHORT CIRCUITATS AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCHAWGAMERICAN WIRE GAUGEBLDGBUILDINGBRKRBREAKERCCABLE - CONDUIT - COIL - CELSIUSCATCATEGORYCBCIRCUIT BREAKERCEICOFFMAN ENGINEERS INCORPORATEDCKTCIRCUITCNTLCONTROLCOMMCOMMUNICATIONSCPCORROSION PROTECTIONCTCURRENT TRANSFORMERCUCOPPERCVEACOPPER VALLEY ELECTRIC ASSOCIATIONDWGDRAWINGEAEACHEFEXHAUST FANE&IELECTRICAL AND INSTRUMENTATIONELELEVATIONESDEMERGENCY SHUTDOWNE, EXISTEXISTINGFAFIRE ALARMFACPFIRE ALARM CONTROL PANELFTFLOW TRANSMITTER; FEET; FOOTGFCIGROUND FAULT CIRCUIT INTERRUPTERGFI, GGROUND FAULT INTERRUPTERGND, GGROUNDGPSGLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMGRSGALVANIZED RIGID STEELHPHORSEPOWERHMWPEHIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT POLYETHYLENEHRGHIGH RESISTANCE GROUNDHZHERTZ - CYCLES PER SEC SERVICE CALCULATION220.12 GENERAL LIGHTING300SF INDUSTRIAL @2VA/SF0.6KVANET LIGHTING LOAD:0.6KVA220.44 RECEPTACLE LOAD6RECEPTACLES @180VA EA1.1KVAUP TO 10KVA AT 100%:1.1KVALOADS OVER 10KVA AT 50%:0.0KVANET RECEPTACLE LOAD:1.1KVA220.50 MOTOR LOAD1GLYCOL MAKE UP TANK GMT-10.5HP EA1.1KVA2CIRCULATION PUMPS CP-1A/CP-1B3HP EA7.6KVA25% OF LARGEST MOTOR LOAD1.0KVANET MECHANICAL LOAD:9.7KVA220.14 (A) SPECIFIC APPLIANCES OR LOADS1TWIN HEAT - SINGLE PT CONNECTION15000W EA15.0KVANET OTHER EQUIPMENT LOAD:15.0KVATOTAL LOAD CALCULATIONTOTAL CALCULATED NEC LOAD26KVA20%SPARE CAPACITY ADDED32KVAMINIMUM SERVICE AMPS @208V 3-PH88APROVIDED SERVICE AMPS200A*** CODE REFERENCES BASED ON 2017 NECGENERAL NOTES:1.THE ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION SHALL COMPLY WITH THE 2017NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE, NFPA 72, STATE AND LOCALAMENDMENTS, AND NECA STANDARDS OF INSTALLATION.2.ALL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS SHALL BE LISTED ANDLABELED FOR THEIR INTENDED APPLICATION BY A NATIONALLYRECOGNIZED TESTING LABORATORY ACCEPTABLE TO THE AUTHORITYHAVING JURISDICTION.3.CONTRACTOR SHALL DISPOSE OF ALL DEMOLISHED AND UNUSEDEQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS OFFSITE IN ACCORDANCE WITH LOCAL,STATE, AND FEDERAL REGULATIONS.4.CONTRACTOR SHALL MAINTAIN A RED-LINE SET OF CONSTRUCTIONDOCUMENTS DURING CONSTRUCTION. RED-LINE DRAWINGS SHALL BESUBMITTED TO THE OWNER UPON PROJECT COMPLETION.5.ALL WIRING INSTALLED IN UNHEATED OR EXTERIOR SPACES SHALL BEXHHW-2. INTERIOR WIRING MAY BE THHW/THHN UNLESS NOTEDOTHERWISE.6.CONDUCTORS SHALL BE #12 AWG COPPER MINIMUM OR AS SHOWN ONDRAWINGS. HOME RUN CONDUCTORS SHALL BE #10 AWG COPPERMINIMUM OR AS REQUIRED BY THE NEC. THE MINIMUM SIZE FOR 20ABRANCH CIRCUITS MEASURED FROM THE PANELBOARD TO THEFURTHEST DEVICE ON THE CIRCUIT UNLESS NOTED ON DRAWINGS:#10 AWG CONDUCTORS FOR 120V BRANCH CIRCUITS GREATERTHAN 75'#8 AWG CONDUCTORS FOR 120V BRANCH CIRCUITS GREATERTHAN 175'INCREASE GROUND CONDUCTOR SIZE PER NECFOR 15A AND 20A CIRCUITS, TRANSITION TO #12 AWG WITHIN 15' OFDEVICE IF A SMALL CONDUCTOR IS REQUIRED FOR DEVICETERMINATION.7.THE CONTRACTOR SHALL PROVIDE AND INSTALL AN EQUIPMENTGROUNDING CONDUCTOR IN ALL CONDUITS OR CABLING.8.ALL CONDUIT AND CABLE SHALL BE INSTALLED ORTHOGONAL TO THESTRUCTURE.9.ALL CONDUCTOR SIZES SHOWN ARE BASED ON COPPER UNLESSNOTED OTHERWISE.10.MAINTAIN A MINIMUM 6” CLEARANCE BETWEEN CONDUIT AND PIPING.MAINTAIN A 12” CLEARANCE BETWEEN CONDUIT AND HEAT SOURCESSUCH AS FLUES, HEATING PIPES, AND HEATING APPLIANCES.11.CIRCUIT NUMBERS ARE SHOWN NEXT TO LIGHTING FIXTURES ANDELECTRICAL DEVICES ONLY. PROVIDE WIRING AS SHOWN ONDRAWINGS.12.ANY PENETRATION OF THE BUILDING VAPOR BARRIER SYSTEM SHALLBE APPROPRIATELY SEALED TO RETAIN THE INTEGRITY OF THE WALLSYSTEM. THIS INCLUDES, BUT IS NOT LIMITED TO, CONDUITS ANDBACKS OF ELECTRICAL BOXES.13.PROVIDE TYPED, UPDATED PANEL SCHEDULES FOR NEW PANELS ANDPANELS MODIFIED BY THIS PROJECT.14.DRAWINGS ARE SCHEMATIC ONLY AND DO NOT SHOW ALL CONDUITAND CONNECTIONS BETWEEN RESPECTIVE DEVICES AND FIXTURES.CONTRACTOR SHALL DETERMINE THE EXACT ROUTING OF CONDUIT,CABLE, AND WIRING CONNECTIONS BETWEEN RESPECTIVE DEVICESAND FIXTURES FOR A COMPLETE AND OPERATIONAL SYSTEM.15.ALL EQUIPMENT, INSTRUMENTATION, CONDUIT, MC CABLE, AND WIRINGMUST HAVE A FORM OF IDENTIFICATION. PROVIDE STAINLESS STEELIDENTITY TAGS FOR ALL NEW EQUIPMENT INSTALLED.16.PROVIDE AND INSTALL REQUIRED CONTROL WIRING FOR CIRCULATIONPUMPS AND GLYCOL SYSTEM TO INTERFACE WITH BOILER CONTROLSYSTEM. COORDINATE INSTALLATION WITH TWINHEAT ANDMECHANICAL.17.PROVIDE AND INSTALL UL LISTED HDPE CONDUIT SYSTEM FOR FUTURECOMMUNICATIONS WIRING. INSTALL CONDUIT WITH PULL STRINGSTETHERED AT EITHER END TERMINATED AT JUNCTION BOXES LOCATEDAT EACH FACILITY SERVED. REFER TO CIVIL SITE PLAN FORSUGGESTED ROUTING. CONTRACTOR SHALL FIELD VERIFY ACTUALROUTING AND JUNCTION BOX LOCATIONS TO OPTIMIZE INSTALLATION.PROVIDE TYPE 1A PULL BOXES AS REQUIRED TO FACILITATE FUTURECABLE INSTALLATION. PROVIDE HOFFMAN WALL MOUNT TYPE 4ENCLOSURE WITH CONTINUOUS HINGE, CLAMPS AND LOCK HASP;A16H12ALP OR APPROVED EQUAL FOR FACILITY JUNCTION BOXES. SCOPE OVERVIEW:THIS PROJECT INCLUDES THE CONSTRUCTION OF A WOOD CHIP FIREDCENTRAL BOILER PLANT FOR THE NATIVE VILLAGE OF KLUTI-KAAH. THEELECTRICAL SCOPE OF WORK INCLUDES:1.INSTALLATION OF A UTILITY METERED, 200A, 208V, 3-PHASE ELECTRICALSERVICE AND GROUNDING ELECTRODE SYSTEM FOR THE CENTRALBOILER PLANT.2.INSTALLATION OF A MANUAL TRANSFER SWITCH AND PORTABLEGENERATOR INLET.3.INSTALLATION OF A 200A ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION PANEL INSIDE OFTHE CENTRAL BOILER PLANT MODULE.4.INSTALLATION OF INTERIOR LIGHT FIXTURES, EMERGENCY LIGHTFIXTURES AND EXIT SIGNS WITHIN THE CENTRAL BOILER PLANTMODULE.5.INSTALLATION OF GENERAL SERVICE RECEPTACLES INSIDE ANDAROUND THE CENTRAL BOILER PLANT.6.INSTALLATION OF A SINGLE POINT POWER CONNECTION TO THE 50HZPOWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM VIA TRANSFORMER T-1 FOR THE BOILERSYSTEM.7.INSTALLATION AND TERMINATION OF BRANCH CIRCUIT CONDUCTORSFOR TWO CIRCULATION PUMPS AND ONE GLYCOL MAKE UP TANK.8.INSTALLATION OF COMMUNICATION CONDUIT SYSTEM AND JUNCTIONBOXES FROM CENTRAL BOILER PLANT TO BUILDINGS SERVED HEATMEDIUM. REFER TO CIVIL SITE PLAN SHEET C-100 FOR ADDITIONALINFORMATION.WALL MOUNTED FIXTUREEMERGENCY LIGHT WITH BATTERY BACKUPEMERGENCY LIGHT REMOTE HEADSYMBOLS LEGENDEXIT SIGNJUNCTION BOXPANELBOARDGROUNDING TYPE DUPLEX RECEPTACLE - SUBSCRIPT INDICATES TYPEGROUNDING RODGFCI - GROUND FAULT CIRCUIT INTERRUPTERWP - WEATHERPROOF + - MOUNTING HEIGHT ABOVE FINISHED SURFACE WALL MOUNTED -GENERATOR INLETMANUAL TRANSFER SWITCHCIRCUIT BREAKERCURRENT TRANSFORMERMCVEA UTILITY METERSURFACE MOUNTED LIGHT FIXTUREWALL SWITCH - 3 WAY3DISCONNECTEMERGENCY SHUT DOWN SWITCH PANEL A200A METER DISCONNECTPER CVEA STANDARD3-POLE, 200A, NEMA 3R,SERVICE ENTRANCE RATEDMANUAL TRANSFER SWITCH200A MALEGENERATORINLETEXTERIOR LIGHT WITH INTEGRALPHOTOCELLLITHONIA PART NUMBER:TWPX1 LED P1 50K MVOLT PE DDBXDOR APPROVED EQUAL (TYP. OF 5) EXIT SIGN KENALL, METSW-MW-R-DT-CEL OREQUAL (TYP. OF 2). CONNECT ALL EXITSIGNS AND EMERGENCY LIGHTS TOUNSWITCHED LEG OF INTERNALLIGHTING CIRCUIT.EMERGENCY LIGHT LITHONIA, EUHO OR EQUAL (TYP. OF 2).PROVIDE REMOTE HEAD COMPATIBLEWITH EMERGENCY FIXTURE.COMMUNICATION JUNCTION BOX.REFER TO SITE PLAN FORADDITIONAL INFORMATIONCOMMUNICATION JUNCTION BOX.REFER TO SITE PLAN FORADDITIONAL INFORMATIONGFCI+48"A:3GFCI+48"A:3GFCI+48"A:3GFCIA:5GFCIA:5 +96"A:1 +96"A:1 +96"A:1PROVIDE UNISTRUTSUPPORT RACK TO MOUNTFIXTURE 1'-0" ABOVEMODULE CENTERED ONDOOR OPENING. A:1PROVIDE CONDUIT AND FEEDERS TO 15KVA TRANSFORMERINSTALLED AT FACTORY PRIOR TO SHIPMENT. REFER TOONE-LINE FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.CP-1A3HPA:2,4,6CP-1B3HPA:8,10,1233GMT-11/2HPA:14INSTALL CEILING MOUNTED LIGHTFIXTURE LITHONIA PART NUMBER:CSVT L48 5000LM MVOLT 40K 80CRIOR APPROVED EQUAL (TYP. OF 3)A:7A:7A:7PROVIDE AND INSTALL CONDUIT AND WIRINGFROM CEILING MOUNTED LIGHT FIXTURES TOPANEL "A" AND 3-WAY LIGHT SWITCHES.VENDOR INSTALLED CIRCULATIONPUMPS WITH INTEGRAL VFD.PROVIDE 3/4"C, 3#12, 1#12 CU GND.TO PANEL "A". TYP. CP-1A AND CP-1B.PROVIDE 3/4"C, 2#12, 1#12 CU GND.TO PANEL "A". PROVIDE GMT-1 LOW TANK LEVELSENSOR AND LIGHT STROBEALARM. WEATHERPROOF LIGHTAND STROBE TO BE LOCATED ONOUTSIDE OF BOILER SYSTEMCONTAINER IN LOCATIONAPPROVED BY OWNER.VENDOR INSTALLED BOILEREMERGENCY SHUT OFF SWITCH.T-1 TWINHEAT TO INSTALL LIGHTS, BUTCLIENT WILL CONNECT WIRING TOPANEL A AT SITE. +96"A:1 +96" +96" A:1TWINHEAT SUPPLIEDHEAT EXCHANGERPROVIDE UNISTRUTSUPPORT RACK TO MOUNTFIXTURES 1'-0" ABOVEMODULE CENTERED ONDOOR OPENING.PANELA208/120V 3 PHASE, 4 WIREMOUNTING:SURFACE, NEMA 1LOCATIONELECTRICAL MODULE200 AMP BUSMAIN LUGS ONLYGRND BUS:EQUIPMENTSPECIALPROVIDE WITH INTEGRAL SPDSHORT CKT:10 kAIC SCCRCNOTESCIRCUITLOAD (AMPS)BKRPOLESWIRECKTBUSCKTWIREPOLESBKRLOAD (AMPS)CIRCUITNOTESCTDESCRIPTIONABCTRIPSIZENONOSIZETRIPABCDESCRIPTIONT1EXTERIOR LIGHTS0.4201121A21232010.6PUMP CP-1A152EXTERIOR RECEPTACLES4.0201123B410.6" " "2INTERIOR RECEPTACLES2.7201125C610.6" " "1INTERIOR LIGHTS1.3201127A81232010.6PUMP CP-1B15SPACE9B1010.6" " "SPACE11C1210.6" " "SPACE13A14121209.4PUMP GMT-115SPACE15B16SPACESPACE17C18SPACE61TRANSFORMER T-141.6603419A2012320PUMP CP-1C (FUTURE)1" " "41.621B22" " "" " "41.623C24" " "TOTAL43.345.644.330.621.221.2TOTALTOTAL CONNECTED AMPS:A:73.9B:66.8C:65.5CATEGORY (CT)CONNECTED LOAD (KVA)NEC DEMANDNEC DEMANDNOTES:THIS PNLFED THRUTOTALFACTORLOAD (KVA)1.PROVIDE BREAKER LOCKOUT CAPABILITY COMPLIANT WITH NEC 110.25.1LIGHTING0.20.2125%0.22RECEPTACLES0.80.850% OVER 10 KVA0.83EQUIPMENT (CONTINUOUS)125%4EQUIPMENT (NON-CONTINUOUS)100%5MOTORSLargest Motor 3 HP8.88.8125% LRGST LOAD9.86NO DIVERSITY15.015.0100%15.07NOT USEDTOTAL KVA252526NEC 215.2 MINIMUM FEEDER RATING:72REVDATEDESCRIPTIONPROJ. NO.DRAWNCHECKEDDATECOFFMAN ENGINEERS INC.CSHEET TITLE:SHEET NO:1ABCDABCD123452345KLUTI-KAAHTRIBAL COUNCILISSUED FORCONSTRUCTIONKLUTI-KAAH BIOMASSVILLAGE OF KLUTI-KAAH104 OLD RICHARDSONHIGHWAY, COPPERCENTER, AK 9957309/20/2021201178www.coffman.comAECC249ph 907.276.6664800 F StreetAnchorage, AK 99501REGISTEREDPROFESSI ONAL E N GINEERSep 20, 2021No. EE12048LOGAN R. HAINESMODULEELECTRICAL PLANE-100JPWLRJSCALE:1E-100MODULE ELECTRICAL PLAN1/2" = 1'-0"012461/2"=1'-0"200A METERBASE ANDDISCONNECT200A/3PEXTERIOR200A PORTABLEGENERATOR INLET60A/3PTO CVEAUTILITYTRANSFORMERINTERIORPANEL "A"TO VENDORPROVIDED 15KVATRANSFORMER"T-1".NSCALE:2E-100ONE-LINE DIAGRAMNONEG6'-0"MIN.MANUAL TRANSFERSWITCH, SERVICE RATED,NEMA 3R ENCLOSURE200A, 3-POLE, 100kA WCRAFC: 9.04KA200A/3P(2) 5/8"X8' CU.GROUND RODSGEC#2 AWG2-1/2"C, 4#3/0, 1#4 CU. GND.2-1/2"C, 4#3/0, 1#4 CU. GND.2-1/2"C, 4#3/0, 1#4 CU. GND.MBJ#2 AWG1-1/4"C, 3#4, 1#10 CU.GND.PROVIDE SIGNAGE NEXT TOINLET THAT STATES" PRIOR TOCONNECTING GENERATORREMOVE NEUTRAL GROUNDBOND JUMPER"#2 AWGBLDG STEEL#2CONCRETE ENCASEDELECTRODE#4PIPINGCONTRACTOR TO FIELD VERIFYTRANSFORMER SECONDARYSYSTEM GROUNDING TOENSURE IT COMPLIES WITHNEC.NOTES:1.PROVIDE AND INSTALL SERVICE EQUIPMENT IN ACCORDANCE WITH CVEA SERVICE STANDARDS. COORDINATE SERVICE INSPECTIONS, METERINSTALLATION, AND ENERGIZATION WITH CVES. METER, TRANSFER SWITCH, GFCI, ELEC METERS, PANEL A, EXTERIOR LIGHTING, & EXIT SIGNS ALL PROVIDED BY NVKK.2.FIELD LABEL SERVICE EQUIPMENT WITH MAXIMUM AVAILABLE FAULT CURRENT IN ACCORDANCE WITH NEC 110.24. FIELD VERIFY TRANSFORMERRATINGS AND SERVICE CONDUCTOR LENGTH AND SIZE PRIOR TO LABELING EQUIPMENT. RECALCULATE AFC AS REQUIRED TO ACCOMMODATE EXISTINGCONDITIONS.3.MAXIMUM AVAILABLE FAULT CURRENT WAS CALCULATED BASED ON THE FOLLOWING ASSUMPTIONS:• 75KVA UTILITY TRANSFORMER WITH 1.6% Z• INFINITE/UNKNOWN PRIMARY FAULT CURRENT• -10% IMPEDANCE TOLERANCE.• 75 FEET #4/0 AWG COPPER OVERHEAD SERVICE CONDUCTORS IN RMC RISERSPD NATIVE VILLAGE OF KLUTI-KAAH 2022 INTEGRATED BIOMASS HARVEST PLAN Prepared by: Ahtna, Incorporated (907) 822-3476 March 5, 2022 1 Table of Contents I. Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 2 A. Historic Land & Resource Use ..................................................................................... 3 B. Recent Timber Harvest ................................................................................................ 3 II. Harvest Operations ............................................................................................................... 4 A. Proposed Harvest Area ............................................................................................... 5 B. Access ......................................................................................................................... 6 C. Equipment ................................................................................................................... 9 Cost ........................................................................................................................ 9 Phase 1 ................................................................................................................... 9 Phase 2 ................................................................................................................. 11 III. Harvest (Logging) Plan ......................................................................................................... 12 IV. Estimated Harvest Costs ...................................................................................................... 13 V. Carbon Lands Harvest ......................................................................................................... 14 VI. USDA-NRCS Practices .......................................................................................................... 15 VII. Permitting and Regulatory Requirements ........................................................................... 15 Appendices .................................................................................................................................... i Appendix A: References ......................................................................................................... ii Appendix B: Klutina Area Historic Timber Harvest Map ....................................................... iii Appendix C: Klutina Area Timber Harvest Units Map ........................................................... iv Appendix D: 2022 Used/New Harvest Equipment Price Reference ....................................... v 2 I. Introduction Rising fossil fuel prices, climate change, and the unpredictability of the global pandemic has increased the hardships felt by rural Alaskans. Electricity, fuel, grocery, and transportation costs are at some of the highest rates in the nation and continue to rise steadily. Climate change brings growing concerns for extreme weather events, including drought, high temperatures, catastrophic wildfire, flooding, windthrow and erosion, and has prompted the NVKK to assess its ability to respond effectively. Through a BIA Tribal Resiliency grant, Native Village of Kluti-Kaah (NVKK) has begun the transition to clean, renewable energy by exploring long-term energy solutions via a wood chip boiler. The NVKK’s objectives in achieving tribal resiliency and energy independence are: • Objective 1: By 2022, NVKK will employ tribal members to harvest clean, renewable, biomass resources on Ahtna lands to provide heat and hot water to tribal facilities. • Objective 2: By 2025, NVKK will establish a Tribal Energy Program that employs tribal members and lowers the cost of energy for tribal members by 25%. • Objective 3: By 2030, at least 85% of NVKK’s energy usage will be clean, renewable energy generated by the tribe. The plan for long-term energy independence begins with the installation of a biomass system to provide heat and hot water to tribal facilities. NVKK must source 200 tons of biomass annually to support this system and will harvest primarily within a 10-mile working circle from the tribal facilities. Harvest will occur on Ahtna, Incorporated (Ahtna) lands and approved private residences, State, Federal, and University of Alaska (UA) lands, and will incorporate fuel mitigation measures as prescribed in a completed Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP) for Copper Center. The CWPP will outline fuel mitigation measures and an action plan and will increase the community’s eligibility for funding to decrease wildfire vulnerability. The current Table 1 - Current fossil fuel prices and cost of delivery per gallon from Glennallen to Copper Center (February 2022). Fossil Fuel Prices ($/gal) Unleaded $ 4.35 Diesel $ 4.45 Heating Oil (delivered) $ 3.46 Propane (delivered) $ 4.71 3 CWPP is projected to be complete in late 2022 or early 2023. The purpose of the Native Village of Kluti-Kaah 2022 Integrated Biomass Harvest Plan is to outline a general 20-year plan for biomass harvest activities on Ahtna land. A. Historic Land & Resource Use The Ahtna people have occupied the Copper River Valley since time immemorial. The traditional territory spans over 28 million acres in Alaska’s southcentral region, an area roughly the size of Ohio. The Ahtna have relied on fish and game and forest resources to sustain their way of life. Historically, wood products have been used for construction of homes, caches, fish nets and wheels, rafts, baskets, to process food, heat homes and numerous other uses. The passage of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) in 1971 created both Regional and Native Village corporations with title to land in the Ahtna’s traditional territory. Seven of the eight village corporations in the Ahtna region merged with the regional corporation in 1980, including Native Village of Kluti-Kaah. Thus, all activities on former village corporation lands are subject to an approval process by the Successor Village Organization (SVO) and the Ahtna, Inc. Board of Directors prior to commencement. B. Recent Timber Harvest Two recent timber harvests have occurred within the NVKK 10-mile working circle, including 1) The Klutina logging operation, and 2) a USDA-NRCS wildlife habitat improvement project (see Appendix B). 1. The Klutina logging operation took place between the late 1990’s and early 2000’s. The event was driven by economic and environmental factors surrounding an extensive Spruce beetle (Dentroctonus rufipennis) outbreak and the incentive to generate profit through wildfire mitigation. Approximately 1029 acres of primarily white spruce stands were harvested during this operation. Early successional forests now occupy these harvested units and consist primarily of large diameter (10+ inches) aspen and smaller diameter (4-6 inches) balsam poplar, willow, and white and black spruce. Residual unharvested units are interspersed throughout the Klutina logging area and consist of late successional white and black spruce stands. 4 Harvested and unharvested units in the Klutina logging area that met California Air and Resource Board (CARB) carbon biomass baselines were later incorporated into Ahtna’s Carbon program. However, units that did not meet this baseline and were excluded from the Carbon program are available for NVKK biomass harvest and will be referred throughout this document as Harvested and Unharvested units (Appendix C). 2. The 2016 USDA-NRCS wildlife habitat improvement project was an effort to replace late successional forest with early successional shrub growth to increase forage for Moose (Alces alces), a primary food source for the Ahtna people. To do this, roughly 750 acres of Ahtna land was roller chopped and scarified in irregular-shaped polygons using heavy equipment. The ground treatment yielded more willow and woody shrub growth and successfully increased the number of moose sightings in the area. II. Harvest Operations Existing biomass sources on Ahtna owned lands and future wildland fire and fuel breaks indicate that forests within a ten-mile circumference surrounding NVKK contains sufficient biomass volumes to meet demands of the NVKK biomass facility of 200 tons of boiler feedstock and 300 house logs annually for 20-years. All harvesting is required to be coordinated with and approved by Ahtna and various State agencies on an annual basis. Prior to harvest, NVKK and Ahtna will define specific harvest unit boundaries, harvest schedules, harvest unit access locations, biomass utilization and other pertinent information provided within a NVKK – Ahtna Biomass Harvest Contract. 5 A. Proposed Harvest Area Stands of accessible and not previously harvested biomass in the Klutina logging area that meet feedstock and house log requirements, and are not enrolled in the carbon program, should provide the majority of the fuel for the NVKK biomass facility. This area represents 354.6 acres of forest within ten miles of NVKK, known as the Working Circle (Figure 2). Inventories for the area indicate all biomass harvest units will have a combined average of 19.9 tons per acre of White Spruce, Black Spruce, Quaking Aspen and Balsam Poplar biomass. Total biomass for the Klutina logging area averages 8107.53 tons. Harvesting residual forests from the Klutina logging area will result in lower per-acre volumes, although the residual trees are mature and easily accessible. Harvested units include 193 acres of early successional forest with 157 acres of those units located within five miles of NVKK. The Klutina logging area is interspersed with established roads and trails and have existing log landing areas associated with them. The approximate volume is 5.3 cords per acre based on an inventory conducted in 2021. Low volumes per acre and seasonal accessibility is the primary concern with securing biomass at previously harvested Table 2 - Average merchantable biomass on non-Carbon enrolled Ahtna lands in the Klutina logging area. Unharvested units are residual forests remaining from the 1990’s-2000’s logging event. Harvested units are early successional forests in previously logged areas. AVERAGE MERCHANTABLE TIMBER (tons/acre) SPECIES UNHARVESTED HARVESTED White Spruce 16.8 3.7 Black Spruce 0.8 0.1 Aspen 2 0.7 Balsam Poplar 0.3 0.8 TOTAL 19.9 5.3 Figure 2 - Digital image of NVKKs position along the Copper River. Red circle represents the 10-mile radius of the NVKK Working Circle (Google Earth 2022). 6 units. However, the harvest of residual trees from harvested units is <10% of the entire annual volume and in general, these areas are easier to access with their existing road infrastructure and the tree piece size is considerably larger than in the unharvested units. B. Access The proposed Klutina harvest area is accessed by five different types of highways, roads and trails. Some roads and trails will require maintenance for year-round equipment access. Funding for new access roads and trails may be supplemented using Standard USDA-NRCS practices for access roads, forest trails and landings, and trails and walkways (Appendix A). 1. The New and Old Richardson Highways are located on the eastern portion of the Klutina harvest area and are State of Alaska maintained highways with various seasonal weight restrictions and equipment uses allowed requiring Alaska Department of Transportation (DOT) permits. We anticipate no harvesting directly from the Richardson Highways. Considering the equipment list below, we anticipate AVERAGE MERCHANTABLE HOUSE LOGS UNHARVESTED HARVESTED TOTAL Per Acre 16.7 6.9 23.6 Per Total Harvest Units 5921.82 1368.27 7290.09 Table 3 - Average merchantable house logs (White spruce) on non-Carbon enrolled Ahtna lands in Klutina logging area based on 2021 inventory. Unharvested units are residual forest remaining from the 1990's-2000's logging event. Harvested units are early successional forests in previously logged areas. 2021 KLUTINA HARVEST SUMMARY UNHARVESTED HARVESTED TOTAL Tons 7056.54 1050.99 8107.53 House Logs 5921.82 1368.27 7290.09 Acres Available 354.6 198.3 552.9 Table 4 – Average total harvest summary in non-Carbon enrolled Ahtna lands in Klutina logging area based on 2021 inventory. Unharvested units are residual forests remaining from the 1990’s- 2000’s logging event. Harvested units are early successional forests in previously logged areas. 7 no special use permits will be required due to the seasonality of the harvest schedules and harvest equipment types being below DOT weight restrictions. 2. The Brenwick-Craig Road, a recognized ANCSA 17(b) public easement and a RS-2477 has no weight or use restrictions imposed. The Brenwick-Craig Road will function as the primary arterial to transport biomass feedstock to the NVKK biomass facility. The Brenwick-Craig Road will be the main haul road during harvest operations. 3. Commercial forest harvesting operations in the 1990s and early 2000’s left behind an extensive infrastructure of logging skid trails, secondary logging roads and log landings in the Klutina logging area. Several of the trails contain saturated soils and drainage ditches. Operating in below-freezing temperatures is required to minimize access issues associated with wet sites. Drainage ditches that obstruct vehicular access may be treated by back-filling ditches with wood chip materials that remain from historic logging events. These materials cover log landings to depths exceeding a foot in many places and will be useful for surfacing temporary trails. Chip material from several historic log landings were removed in 2021 and stockpiled in nearby, accessible areas to allow log landings to revegetate. NVKK will utilize chip stockpiles Figure 3 - Digital image of the Brenwick-Craig Road, the primary haul road from the Klutina logging area to NVKK (Google Earth, 2022). 8 and log landing chip material to support their harvest roads prior to mining gravel for logging road construction. All future log landings resulting from NVKK harvest activities will be returned to its pre-harvest condition once NVKK discontinues use of the harvest area. For more permanent road repairs or construction of new access roads, several gravel pits along the Brenwick-Craig Road and Klutina logging trails may be utilized through an agreement with Ahtna. 4. The Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) access road will be utilized for small equipment and crew transport to access adjacent harvest units. The TAPS corridor is maintained year-round and requires a Rules of Use Guideline (RUG) permit and Letter of Non-Objection from Alyeska Services Company for ORV access. Highway vehicular access to the Klutina harvest units west of the TAPS requires passing across a corridor to Ahtna lands along the Brenwick-Craig Road which does not require a special use permit. 5. New skid trails from the harvest area to the existing road and trail infrastructure will be constructed by removing tree and woody vegetation to ground level and widening to facilitate logging skid equipment to pass over to reach log decks without damaging equipment or excessively disturbing the sub-surface characteristics of the site. Certain harvest units requiring new or improved skid trails will be identified prior to harvest based on soil type, topography, and specific ground conditions prior to being utilized. Certain skid trails can be used throughout the year based on ground conditions, while other skid trails will require limitations until after frozen ground depth exceeds six inches on a case-by-case basis. Any new skid road construction requiring the use of sand and gravel will be avoided as much as possible to lower harvest costs. 9 C. Equipment NVKK has obtained several pieces of heavy machinery through government surplus auctions and maintains a fleet of equipment used primarily for constructing and maintaining roads and moving snow and heavy materials. NVKK would like to expand their fleet of machinery to support the proposed biomass facility by harvesting and processing biomass chip fuel. Currently, NVKK has the capacity to harvest and transport whole logs to a staging area in the community using hand crews, chainsaws, ATV/ORVs, and pickup trucks. The purchase of the necessary equipment to complete the harvest and chip process will be in Phase 1 of a two- phase process. In Phase 2, the NVKK will purchase additional equipment to transition from hand crews to a fully mechanical operation. Cost Preliminary cost estimates were gathered from the new and used equipment markets and compiled in a spreadsheet titled, 2022 New/Used Harvest Equipment Price Reference (Appendix D). In the document, all new equipment costs include estimated freight charges to Alaska. The majority of used forestry equipment was identified as being less than 20 years old. A blanket freight cost is added to accommodate variables in shipping. An Other category includes additional charges such as parts and/or installation charges (Table 6-7). Phase 1 NVKK will purchase the necessary equipment and retrofit existing machinery for NVKK to begin operations to harvest, process, transport, chip, and store biomass materials to support the Twin Heat chip boiler. A combination of heavy machinery and hand crews will be used to harvest standing timber. Table 5 -NVKK harvest equipment cost estimate summary (2022). PHASE ESTIMATED COST 1 $ 208,425.35 2 $ 455,865.13 TOTAL $ 664,290.48 10 A harvester head will be fitted to a fleet Volvo EC210BLC Excavator and used to cut, delimb, and stack logs into piles for skidding to log landings. An ATV log loader/trailer loader will be towed behind fleet ATVs and used to transport stacked logs at the harvest site to log landings for staging and loading onto long deck or self-loading trucks. Logging forks/grapple will be fitted onto a fleet Komatsu Dresser wheel loader to load whole logs onto trucks for transportation to the chipping site. At the chipping site, wood that has seasoned for one year, when possible, will be stored at the chipping site to season for an additional year before being chipped for fuel. This will ensure that the moisture content has dropped to at least 20% moisture and the bark is easily removed. The chipper should have at least a 9-inch feeding capacity to accommodate the average diameter spruce stands in the Klutina harvest area. Whole logs will be chipped directly into the bed of a NVKK dump truck and transported directly to the chip storage near the biomass facility. Here, chips will be stored under a covered hoop storage structure to shelter materials from the weather while ensuring adequate air flow. Adequate air and short storage periods will minimize moisture build up, molding, freezing, and heat value CATEGORY PRICE RANGE AVERAGE PRICE YEAR RANGE Harvester Head $30,369.12 -- $176,465.00 $ 103,417.06 2011-2022 ATV Forwarder $14,899.00 -- $19,000.00 $ 16,949.50 2022-2022 Log Forks $9,500.00 -- $30,125.00 $ 19,812.50 NA -2022 Woodchipper $19,995.00 -- $63,975.60 $ 41,787.30 2000-2022 Freight (3%) $ 5,458.99 Other $ 21,000.00 TOTAL $ 208,425.35 Figure 5 - A harvester head will used to cut and delimb trees, increasing the efficiency of hand crews (Waratah, 2022) Table 6 - Phase 1 NVKK harvest equipment cost estimate breakdown 11 loss of chips. Finally, chips will be transported from the hoop storage to the wood boiler using a fleet skid steer. Phase 2 NVKK will seek funding to upgrade the harvesting process from hand crews to a fully mechanical harvest with minimal ground support. The estimated budget for this transition is as follows. A used log forwarder will greatly increase the speed and efficiency of harvest activities by stacking and transporting several tons of biomass at a time from the harvest site to adjacent log landings. A self-loading logging truck with bunks will eliminate hand loading of material with its hydraulic boom and grapple. Whole logs can be loaded directly from the ground onto the truck for safe transportation to the chip site. This will greatly reduce the number of trips made from the harvest sites within the working circle to the chip site, as well as hazards associated with persons hand loading/unloading logs and transporting materials on a flat deck truck on public highways. CATEGORY PRICE RANGE AVERAGE PRICE YEAR RANGE Forwarder $85,000.00 -- $490,675.00 $ 287,837.50 2003-2022 Logging Truck $54,500.00 -- $255,000.00 $ 154,750.00 2003-2021 Freight (3%) $ 13,277.63 Other TOTAL $ 455,865.13 Table 7 - Phase 2 NVKK harvest equipment cost estimate breakdown Figure 6 - A forwarder can maneuver and transport several tons of biomass at one time (Forestry traders, 2022) 12 III. Harvest (Logging) Plan The Native Village of Kluti-Kaah Integrated Biomass Harvest Plan is also referred to as a logging plan and will include 20-years of operations. However, due to factors outside the control of NVKK and Ahtna, the Harvest Plan focuses on general planning out to 20-years with 5-year and annual logging plans being required. Twenty Year Harvest Plan The 20-year Harvest Plan identifies areas surrounding a 10-mile radius around the Native Village of Kluti-Kaah on Ahtna owned land utilizing forested lands that are suitable for biomass production. Other Federal, State of Alaska, University of Alaska (UA) and private lands within the 10-mile working circle will be evaluated for potential biomass harvest availability. However, at this time the 20-year plan only includes Ahtna land ownership specific to the Klutina area and areas identified in the Copper Center Community Wildfire Protection Plan. The subsequent Harvest Plans will not be an exclusive land use only to NVKK; Other Ahtna land activities will be allowed. Former Tazlina Village Corporation lands now under Ahtna ownership are excluded from this agreement. Use of the lands in this plan are subject to non-competing activity, safety concerns and reasonable notice to NVKK by Ahtna. Five Year Harvest Plan In the first five years of harvest activities, most of the biomass harvest will come from prescribed treatments identified in the CWPP. Thereafter, Ahtna’s non-Carbon enrolled forests along Klutina Road and associated logging roads will be preferentially cut. To extend interests in the Klutina area, NVKK may consider negotiating a biomass harvest contract with the State, Bureau of Land Management (BLM) or UA, all of whom have significant forested land holdings within ten miles of the NVKK community center and adjacent to the existing highway system. Utilizing various funding opportunities through the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), State, BLM, USDA-NRCS and other sources yet to be determined, the Five-Year Harvest Plan will focus on protecting residences, cultural sites and basic infrastructure within the 10-mile radius of NVKK 13 with wildfire fuel breaks. Harvest activities in areas located east of the Copper River will be dependent on weather conditions, ice thickness, and other environmental factors. Annual Harvest Plan Prescribed fuel breaks will be harvested throughout the winter and summer season, depending on certain ground and soil conditions, and will begin with the most impactful areas in proximity to the NVKK community center. Not less than 180-days prior to commencement of harvesting, NVKK will submit a request for certain areas to be harvested the following season. The request will include general location maps, various types of equipment to be utilized, crew size and their titles, field lead name and contact information, and start date and monthly work schedules. Ahtna will use the above information to draft and submit a Detailed Plan of Operations (DPO) to the State and, if required, request approval from the NVKK Successor Village Organization (SVO) and Ahtna Land Committee and Board of Directors. A biomass harvest contract or land use permit will be issued to NVKK after final approval. Prior to annual harvest activities, Ahtna must perform a forest inventory. Ahtna land staff will identify and mark the exterior boundaries of the cutting areas, sensitive or restricted no- harvest areas, log skid trails and log landings with survey flagging. A detailed map and harvest requirements will be provided to NVKK within 20-days of targeted harvest operation start date. IV. Estimated Harvest Costs Based on recent and historical harvest data from 2000, 2011 and estimated from 2021, Ahtna estimates the costs below are within 90% of the actual harvest costs associated with harvesting biomass from the Klutina logging area. Certain assumptions were made for NVKK G&A, purchasing bulk supplies of off-road fuel, amortization, and depreciation, scheduled preventative equipment maintenance, non-specialized logging equipment purchases, overall crew daily production rates, weather delays, etc. All cost estimates are based on a unit of measurement of one cord (4’ X 4’ X 8’ or 128 cubic feet). 14 ACTIVITY PER UNIT COST ANNUAL COST Falling $25 $5,000 Limbing $19 $3,800 Bucking $8 $1,600 Skidding $32 $6,400 Loading $20 $4,000 Hauling $47 $9,400 Off-Loading $18 $3,600 Equipment Maintenance $23 $4,600 Skid Road Construction $13 $2,600 Haul Road Maintenance $10 $2,000 TOTAL $215 $43,000 V. Carbon Lands Harvest In 2016, Ahtna, Inc. entered into a carbon sequestration program through the California Air Resources Board, requiring a 100-year commitment to sequester forest carbon through responsible forest management. The CARB protocols are exhaustive with various requirements and limitations on the volume of forest products harvested annually and over the life of the project. Any harvesting occurring within a fire line or fuel break is considered a conservation practice and encouraged through CARB. Personal use firewood harvesting is also permitted with annual reporting to CARB of location of harvest, number of units harvested and date of harvest. Commercial harvest of biomass within the CARB project area is allowed. However, certain independent third-party verifications and acceptance by CARB is required before commercial harvest can take place. The commercial harvest certifications are expensive and will not be sought due to the minimal annual volume required by NVKK and the opportunity to harvest within approved USDA-NRCS conservation practice areas not enrolled in CARB. Table 8 - NVKK harvest operation cost estimate (2022). 15 All biomass harvest activity performed by NVKK will require specific volume amount reports annually, whether in or outside the carbon sequestration area. VI. USDA-NRCS Practices Ahtna frequently utilizes US Department of Agriculture, Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) conservation practice funding for opportunities to improve forest health, wildlife habitat, access to identified conservations concerns, wildfire fuel mitigation, and other interests. NVKK will collaborate with Ahtna to incorporate approved NRCS practices into biomass harvests on Ahtna lands whenever possible. NRCS project planning and approval will be on an annual basis. VII. Permitting and Regulatory Requirements Permitting will be conducted through the Ahtna, Inc. Land Department either in the form of an Ahtna Land Use Permit, or other permitting requirements through the State’s, Alaska Forest Resources and Practices Act, and the Department of Environmental Conservation’s (DEC) regulations relevant to forest harvest operations by a private landowner. NVKK will be responsible for any highway transportation permits for equipment, fuel handling and adherence to Best Management Practices for Timber Harvesting. Details of any permits and regulatory requirements will be defined within an Ahtna – NVKK Biomass Harvest Contract. Appendices ii Appendix A: References ALASKA FOREST RESOURCES AND PRACTICES ACT Alaska Department of Natural Resources. 2011 Alaska Forest Practices Act Alaska Department of Natural Resources. 2019 Alaska Forest Practices Act Regulations Alaska Department of Natural Resources. 2019 Alaska Forest Management Statues and Regulations 2019 Alaska Department of Natural Resources. 2017 Implementing Best Management Practices for Timber Harvest Operations USDA NATURAL RESOURCE CONSERVATION SERVICE PRACTICES NRCS CONSERVATION PRACTICE STANDARD ACCESS ROAD CODE 560 (pdf): https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/PA_NRCSConsumption/download?cid=nrcseprd1690620&ext= pdf NRCS CONSERVATION PRACTICE STANDARD FOREST TRAILS AND LANDINGS Code 655 (pdf): https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/PA_NRCSConsumption/download?cid=nrcs143_026503&ext= pdf NRCS CONSERVATION PRACTICE STANDARD TRAILS AND WALKWAYS CODE 575 (pdf): https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/PA_NRCSConsumption/download?cid=nrcseprd1559497&ext= pdf NRCS CONSERVATION PRACTICE STANDARD ACCESS CONTROL CODE 475 (pdf): https://efotg.sc.egov.usda.gov/references/public/NY/nyps472.pdf NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE CONSERVATION PRACTICE STANDARD FUEL BREAK CODE 383 (pdf): https://efotg.sc.egov.usda.gov/references/public/PA/PA383_Fuel_Break_August_2018.pdf NRCS Technical Forestry Note TX-FS-12-6 Pre-Commercial Thinning (pdf): https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs144p2_002294.pdf Structures for Wildlife & Upland Wildlife Habitat Management: NRCS Practice Code 649-645 (pdf): https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/newsroom/features/?cid=nrcs143 _023553 iii Appendix B: Klutina Area Historic Timber Harvest Map Appendix B - Historic timber harvest on Ahtna owned land in the Klutina area. Light green polygons show former logging activities. Purple polygons show NRCS habitat enhancement work (Esri, 2022) iv Appendix C: Klutina Area Timber Harvest Units Map Appendix C - Klutina area timber harvest units on Ahtna owned land adjacent to Carbon-enrolled lands. v Appendix D: 2022 Used/New Harvest Equipment Price Reference Phase 1CategoryManufacturerModelConditionYearPrice (USD)List DateAuction/Dealer LocationDescription Harvester HeadWaratahH270 Series IINew2022176,465.00$ 1/27/2022Anchorage, AK, USAPrice is FOB CMI dealer. Does not include adaptor for Volvo excavator, part mod. & installation fees =$21,000.Harvester HeadKesla20SH-IIUsed202151,872.68$ 3/3/2021Sainte Claire, QC, CanadaPrice is FOB auction.Harvester HeadWaratahH623CUsed201130,369.12$ 3/1/2022Boisbriand, QC, CanadaPrice is FOB auction. Stock No: 28566, TimberRite H30 included.ATV ForwarderHakmetloader/trailerNew202219,000.00$ 1/28/2022Gresville, QC, CanadaPrice is FOB Hakmet dealer.9 ft. loader/forwarding ATV trailer w/hydraulic winch and rope cable, load adjusting tires, 6 HP Subaru engine. ATV ForwarderAM Machineryloader/trailerNew202214,899.00$ 3/3/2022Kemptville, ON, CanadaPrice is FOB Black Creek Innocations, Inc. dealer. 9 ft. loader. Does not include price of winch. Log ForksAMIWL150LFG72LT60New202230,125.00$ 2/2/2022Anchorage, AK, USAPrice is FOB CMI dealer. Includes ACS1000 Style Coupler for Komatsu Dresser wheel loaderLog ForksAMI1271411UsedNA9,990.00$ 3/3/2022Acheson, AB, CanadaPrice includes delivery to 99573. WITH JRB 416 STYLE LUGSLog ForksRocklandWA500-7UsedNA9,500.00$ 3/1/2022Holland, MI, USAPrice is FOB auction. WA500-7 Log grapple. 11" wide x 76" long, forks are 9.5 width x 4" thick, hooks are 42.5 center to center.WoodchipperVermeerBC1000XLNew202263,579.60$ 6/1/2022Anchorage, AK, USAPrice is FOB Vermeer dealer. 12" capacity towable woodchipper, 49 HP w/safety stop bar. 79 HP Deutz diesel engine. Includes 3 yr. warrantyWoodchipperVermeerBC1000XLUsed201628,500.00$ 3/1/2022Medford, OR, USAPrice is FOB auction. 12" capacity towable woodchipper, VIN: 1VRY11195G1023135, 79 Deutz diesel engine, 556 hours. WoodchipperBandit200+Used200019,995.00$ 3/1/2022Pearisburg, VA, USAPrice is FOB auction. 12" capacity towable woodchipper, Serial No: 016300, 4 chipper knives, 67 HP Perkins diesel engine.Phase 2CategoryManufacturerModelConditionYearPrice (USD)List DateAuction/Dealer LocationDescriptionForwarderTigercat1055CNew2022490,675.00$ 1/31/2022Brantford, ON, CanadaPrice is FOB dealer. 1 yr/2000 hr warranty. Tigercat F135T85 crane w/ telescopic stick, Hultdins SG360S grapple w/ Tigercat HD Rotator, 8x8ForwarderJohn Deer1010DUsed2009119,000.00$ 1/31/2022Wakefield, MI, USAPrice is FOB auction. 6x6, in good shape.ForwarderRottne8WDHUsed200385,000.00$ 8/3/2022Reedsville, PA, USAPrice is FOB auction. 15,645 hours, Serial No: S31907, Recently replaced the Boom Swing Bearing and replaced the rotator gear. Includes tracks. Logging TruckWestern Star4900New2021255,000.00$ 1/25/2022West plains, MO, USAPrice is FOB auction. Includes Serco loader and bunks.Logging TruckWestern Star4900Used2018189,500.00$ 1/25/2022Queensbury, NY, USAPrice is FOB auction. Includes 7000 Hood loader and bunks. 600 HP Detroit diesel. Manual transmission, 174,454 miles.Logging TruckSterlingL9500Used200354,500.00$ 3/3/2022Three Lakes, WI, USAPrice is FOB auction. C12 @ 430 hp., 8LL trans., 20k front/40k rear, Hendrickson susp., Prentice 120E boom w/ butt grapple, 25' bed, 2022 New/Used Harvest Equipment Price Reference Figure 1 - 2022 New/Used Harvest Equipment Price Reference used to derive average estimated equipment costs for NVKK biomass harvest operations. (Excel, 2022) FOREST RESOURCES ON STATE FOREST LANDS IN THE COPPER RIVER BASIN A PRELIMINARY ESTIMATE By Douglas Hanson, Inventory Forester State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources Division of Forestry Northern Region 3700 Airport Way Fairbanks, Alaska 99709 March, 2010 Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate i TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Executive Summary ................................................................................................................. 1 II. Objectives ................................................................................................................................ 3 III. Methods ................................................................................................................................... 3 A. Imagery Sources ................................................................................................................... 3 B. Vegetation Typing ............................................................................................................... 4 C. Field Inventory Design ........................................................................................................ 5 D. Geographic Information System Coverage .......................................................................... 5 E. Data Summary ..................................................................................................................... 5 F. Description of Strata ............................................................................................................ 9 1. Stratum 1 White Spruce Sawtimber ................................................................................. 9 2. Stratum 2 White Spruce Poletimber Closed ................................................................... 10 3. Stratum 3 White Spruce Poletimber Open ..................................................................... 10 4. Stratum 4 Black and White Spruce Reproduction Closed ............................................. 10 5. Stratum 5 Black and White Spruce Reproduction Open ................................................ 11 6. Stratum 6 Aspen Poletimber Closed .............................................................................. 12 7. Stratum 7 White Spruce-Aspen Poletimber ................................................................... 12 8. Stratum 8 White Spruce-Balsam Poplar ......................................................................... 13 9. Non-Forest ...................................................................................................................... 13 IV. Results ................................................................................................................................... 15 A. Forest Volume Definitions ................................................................................................. 15 B. Inventory Volume by Species ............................................................................................ 16 C. Defect Estimates by Species .............................................................................................. 17 D. Inventory Volume by Strata ............................................................................................... 18 A. Inventory Volume of Sapling Size Trees ........................................................................... 20 B. Sampling Error by Volume ................................................................................................ 21 C. Log Grade .......................................................................................................................... 22 V. Forest Productivity ................................................................................................................ 23 A. Site Index ........................................................................................................................... 23 B. Timberland Area Age Class ............................................................................................... 23 C. Regeneration ...................................................................................................................... 25 D. Growth and Mortality Estimates ........................................................................................ 25 E. Sustained Yield Analysis ................................................................................................... 27 VI. Economic Availability of Sustainable Biomass Fuels ........................................................... 29 Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate ii A. Current Delivered Costs ..................................................................................................... 29 B. Biomass Volume for Five Working Circles ....................................................................... 29 C. Annual Biomass Yield for Five Working Circles .............................................................. 30 VII. Literature Cited ...................................................................................................................... 39 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Inventory volume and acreage summary. ........................................................................ 1 Table 2. Land cover key. ................................................................................................................ 6 Table 3. Acreage and number of sampled stands by strata. ............................................................ 6 Table 4. Sampled and un-sampled timber types by strata. ............................................................. 7 Table 5. Volume formulas by species for poletimber and sawtimber size classes. ...................... 15 Table 6. Inventory species and weight for poletimber and sawtimber. ........................................ 16 Table 7. Total net volume across all strata. .................................................................................. 16 Table 8. Volume summary by size class and species across strata. .............................................. 17 Table 9. Cubic foot defect estimates by species. .......................................................................... 18 Table 10. Volume by stratum and species. ................................................................................... 19 Table 11. Inventory sapling species and weight regression equations. ........................................ 20 Table 12. Volume summary by stratum and sapling species 2” - 4.9” dbh. ................................. 21 Table 13. Gross live cubic foot percent sampling error. ............................................................... 22 Table 14. Log grade for stratum 1 white spruce trees. .................................................................. 22 Table 15. Site index by stratum and species. ................................................................................ 23 Table 16. Percent of area by age class. ......................................................................................... 24 Table 17. Average age by strata. ................................................................................................... 25 Table 18. Number of trees per acre less than 5 inches dbh by stratum and species. .................... 26 Table 19. Growth and mortality estimates. ................................................................................... 27 Table 20. Sustained yield estimate, total timberland area. ........................................................... 28 Table 21. Delivered costs and mileage for firewood sources. ...................................................... 29 Table 22. Glennallen area working circle operable acreage and volume. .................................... 33 Table 23. Kenny Lake area working circle operable acreage and volume. .................................. 33 Table 24. Glennallen area working circle annual volume availability. ........................................ 35 Table 25. Kenny Lake area working circle annual volume availability. ...................................... 35 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Project area map. ............................................................................................................. 2 Figure 2. Stratum 2, white spruce poletimber closed, south of Tazlina lodge. ............................. 11 Figure 3. Stratum 3, white spruce poletimber open, north of Little Nelchina River. .................. 12 Figure 4. Stratum 4, black spruce-white spruce reproduction, west of Tolsona Creek. .............. 13 Figure 5. Stratum 7, white spruce-aspen poletimber, west of Tolsona Creek. ............................ 14 Figure 6. Non-forest dwarf shrub, north of Little Nelchina River. .............................................. 14 Figure 7. Percent of total net cubic foot volume by strata. ........................................................... 18 Figure 8. Sustained yield comparison between strata, total timberland area. ............................... 28 Figure 9. Ten mile circles and operable forestland around Glennallen. ....................................... 31 Figure 10. Ten mile circles and operable forestland around Kenny Lake. ................................... 32 Figure 11. Delivered price per cord by working circle radius. ..................................................... 34 Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate iii Figure 12. Delivered price per green ton by working circle radius. ............................................. 34 Figure 13. Cumulative acreage and volume availability by radii to Glennallen. ......................... 36 Figure 14. Cumulative acreage and volume availability by radii to Kenny Lake. ....................... 36 Figure 15. Supply curve for fuelwood in cords to Glennallen. ..................................................... 37 Figure 16. Supply curve for fuelwood in green tons to Glennallen. ............................................. 37 Figure 17. Supply curve for fuelwood in cords to Kenny Lake. ................................................... 38 Figure 18. Supply curve for fuelwood in green tons to Kenny Lake. ........................................... 38 APPENDICES Appendix A Volume Per Acre and Total Volume by Stratum, Species and Size Class ............. A-1 Appendix B Stand Tables Per Acre by Stratum and Species ...................................................... B-1 Appendix C Log Grade by Stratum ............................................................................................ C-1 Appendix D Diameter/Height Relationships, Ten Year Growth, and Bark Thickness .............. D-1 Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate 1 I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The inventory of timber and biomass resources on state lands classified for forestry use in the Copper River Basin has been initiated in part by the need to support potential development of biomass energy systems in this rural area of Alaska. Through funding provided by the Alaska Energy Authority, State Division of Geologic and Geophysical Surveys, and State Division of Forestry, a timber and biomass inventory has been conducted using satellite and aerial photography, ground plots and other information sources. Automated eCognition object based image classification software together with Summit Evolution stereo viewing software was used to facilitate forest typing of individual stand polygons. The inventory provides detailed stand type maps and internet mapping and querying capability. It is the first widespread stand based inventory to be performed on state lands in the area and can be used by the Division of Forestry (DOF) for general forest and fire management planning. State lands that are included have been classified for forestry use through the Copper River Basin Area Plan. The volume data primarily has been generated from timber stand data collected in September, 2009. Inventory Area Land Classification Acres Timberland 219,550 Dwarf Forests 96,880 Non-Forest Total Inventory Area: 435,657 119,227 Timberland Area by Timber Type Size Class Sawtimber 6,756 Mixed Sawtimber/Poletimber 11,372 Poletimber 96,408 Reproduction Total Timberland Area: 219,550 105,014 Timberland Area by Timber Type Species Class White Spruce 6,756 Black Spruce/White Spruce 105,014 Aspen 11,738 White Spruce/Aspen 33,822 White Spruce/Balsam Poplar Total Timberland Area: 219,550 11,372 Total Net Volume Cubic Feet (> 5”dbh) Tons (> 5”dbh) Board Feet (> 9”dbh) 138,373,108 2,497,118 222,449,137 Table 1. Inventory volume and acreage summary. Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate 2 Figure 1. Project area map. Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate 3 II. OBJECTIVES The objective of this report is to provide reliable inventory data to assist in the management of forest resources in the Copper River Basin. Determination of an operable land base, sustainable harvest rate and harvest scheduling all require accurate volume data and geographically referenced spatial locations of individual stands. This data, both in spatial and tabular form can be used to assess the availability of timber and biomass resources and determine economic viability of proposed harvest development activities. The inventory provides the following items useful for development and planning: • Spatially accurate stand polygons overlaid on geographically rectified photo base. • Accurate acreage determination of forest cover. • Statistically valid sampling design that produces a variety of tree and stand attributes. • Field sampling of tree and stand productivity variables useful for determining sustainable harvest rates. • Internet GIS mapping access of spatial data with volume and acreage querying capabilities. • Biomass sustainability data to evaluate potential project development. • Biomass resource information to supplement statewide energy atlas data. III. METHODS Forest inventory information was collected through a stratified random sampling design. The project area was divided into subpopulations (timber types) in order to account for variation in species composition, density and size class. Each timber type was then treated as a random sample population. Timber types sampled included sawtimber, poletimber and reproduction types, dwarf timber stands (mostly black spruce less than 25 feet tall at maturity) were not sampled. Timber types to be sampled were selected randomly through the Geographic Information System (GIS). Access to stands was by foot and four-wheeler. A total of 48 stands were field sampled. Timber cruise measurements from two additional stands from a previous Tanana Chiefs Conference Native corporation inventory were also used for data compilation. The timber cruise measurements from the 50 stands provide estimates of volume, stocking, defect and growth by individual tree species. The 50 sample stands were deemed a minimum amount to determine a preliminary volume estimate. The number of sample stands was limited by project funding. Based on the calculated strata sample error values (table 13), it is estimated that 110 additional stands would need to be sampled to reach a desired sample error for individual strata of 5%. A. Imagery Sources Scanned high altitude aerial photography at a scale of 1:60,000 and Spot 5 meter resolution satellite imagery were used for the project. The date of the aerial photography was 1978 and the date of the Spot scenes was 2003. The scanned color infrared photos were orthorectified, georeferenced to the Spot scenes, and mosaiced into a series of east-west flight lines across the project area. PCI image processing software was used for this process. Digital stereo epipolar pairs were then created from the photos for the stereo interpretation process. Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate 4 B. Vegetation Typing The vegetation interpretation process as originally conceived was to use the automated object based image classification software eCognition to classify the Spot satellite scenes. Epipolar pairs were to be created from the overlapping satellite scenes using PCI allowing a forester to view the scenes in stereo and edit polygons created by eCognition in 3-D format. Polygon editing would correct errors in stand height where eCognition classification is less accurate. By correcting stand heights, the correlating size class calls of sawtimber, poletimber, reproduction or dwarf timber types would be more accurate. For this project, Spot Corporation donated six Spot 5 scenes to demonstrate this technology. A test of this new technology was conducted by DOF for the Tanana Valley in November of 2008 with good results. Unfortunately when eCognition was first run on the Glennallen Spot scenes the results were less than satisfactory. Individual polygon timber type delineation was not consistent across the scene and spruce and aspen stands were being combined with other vegetation types. Upon closer examination it was found that the scenes were acquired at a 5 meter pixel resolution versus 2.5 meter for the Tanana Valley scenes. This reduction in resolution negatively affected the ability of eCognition to consistently classify the major forest types of the Glennallen area. Due to funding and time limitations that precluded acquiring new scenes at the desired 2.5 meter resolution, 1978 scanned high altitude aerial photography at a scale of 1:60,000 was used for the automated eCognition classification process. The best results were achieved when eCognition was used to classify open and closed aspen, spruce and mixed stands and the non-forest vegetation types. Stand size class delineation was applied to the types by viewing the photos in stereo on a computer screen with Summit Evolution stereo viewing software. Spot images were used as the base image to correct changes that occurred over time between 1978 and 2003. Using the Spot images allowed for adjusting polygon boundaries to match changes in river locations, housing development and other land use changes. The Spot images also allowed more accurate delineation of the aspen timber types. The large outbreak of spruce bark beetles and resulting spruce mortality that occurred in the region in the early 90’s was not visible on the photos and was difficult to see on the Spot scenes. Ground sampling however reflected the mortality and the volume estimates include this dead material. At the time of field sampling, the bark beetle epidemic has mostly ended and there are few new trees that are infested. Sawtimber, poletimber and reproduction stands were classified as timberland and represent the areas of greater productivity. These stands are a component of a larger class of ground cover called forestland. Forestland is defined as land that is at least 10% covered by trees. The other component of Forestland; dwarf forests, generally comprise black spruce stands that are less than 25 feet tall at maturity. These stands were identified on the imagery, but were not field sampled. It was determined that these stands currently were non-commercial even for the use of biomass. Most of the trees were significantly less than 25 feet tall. Delineation of timber types was based on tree species, size class and stand density. The most prevalent species determined the timber type. In mixed timber types, the secondary species represented at least 30% density of the type in question. Besides utilizing the stereo images to assign size class calls to the eCognition classified vegetation, physical location of the stands in question contributed to the vegetation classification process. For example, numerous spruce stands adjacent to the Tazlina and Nelchina Rivers’ productive floodplain were classified sawtimber. Timber types along the Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate 5 Copper River Basin itself that occurred on small rises were classified either sawtimber or poletimber because these growing sites were more productive. C. Field Inventory Design The variable plot radius sampling method was used for field data collection of poletimber and sawtimber size trees. The basal area factor utilized was 20 square feet. In each timber stand sampled, ten plots were spaced uniformly on a traverse located systematically through the stand. The traverse was located in such a manner as to attempt to sample the variation within a stand. To minimize travel time, plots were generally located with a maximum interval of 300 feet. Tally trees were selected or rejected with a relascope prism. On five of the ten plots, species, tree vigor, crown ratio, defect type and estimated defect percentage, were recorded and tree diameter, total tree height, bark thickness, and ten-year growth were measured (measure plots). Tree diameters were measured 4.5 feet above ground, commonly known as “diameter breast height” or dbh. Co-dominate and dominant trees were cored at dbh to determine average age and site index of the sample stand. On the other alternating five plots, only the number of trees by species and size class selected by the relascope were recorded (count plots). Count plots generally serve to lower the sample error by increasing the overall plot numbers, but economize time spent in the field collecting data. Only trees five inches dbh and greater were measured utilizing the variable plot sampling method. The fixed plot sampling method was used for field data collection of trees less than five inches dbh. At every other plot in the ten plot traverse (measure plots) seedling and sapling size trees were measured. Species and quality were recorded and tree diameter and total tree height were measured. The fixed plot was a circular 1/250th D. Geographic Information System Coverage acre plot (7.45 foot radius). Together with the tabular data, a GIS coverage was prepared for the inventory. A standardized vegetation key/mapping scheme was used for describing vegetation polygons (table 2). The acreage of individual polygons was calculated using ESRI ArcMap GIS software. Storage in the GIS will allow for queries of individual portions of the project area to be accomplished for planning purposes. Through the GIS, acreage and volume estimates as reported in this forest inventory can be recalculated to reflect a changing operable forest land base. E. Data Summary Upon completion of the field work, sampled stand data were entered into TCruise, a timber inventory software program. The inventory software calculated volume attributes for the individual sampled stands. These stands were then grouped into strata and re-processed in TCruise. The inventory contains eight separate sample strata for which estimates of gross and net volume per acre have been calculated (Appendix A). The strata contain field data from 50 individual timber stands containing 500 plots (table 3). Field data from some sampled stands were similar enough to each other to allow combining of different stand timber types into like strata. Acreage of un-sampled timber types deemed similar enough was also included in the strata. Characteristics of these timber types were observed during the field work phase of the inventory. Combinations of sampled and un-sampled timber types and the corresponding strata are shown in table 4. Total inventory volume was calculated by multiplying the average per acre volume figures for each stratum by the number of acres each sample stratum represents. These calculations were performed in a Microsoft Access database and utilize the GIS acreage figures. Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate 6 Output reports written in Access display numerous stand attributes from the associated database tables and queries. LAND COVER KEY FOREST SPECIES 1 Black Spruce 19 Birch-Aspen 2 White Spruce 31 White Spruce-Birch 3 Black Spruce-White Spruce 34 White Spruce-Aspen 16 Balsam Poplar 37 White Spruce-Birch-Aspen 17 Birch 38 White Spruce-Balsam Poplar 18 Aspen 39 White Spruce-Black Spruce- Birch-Aspen FOREST SIZE S Sawtimber > 9.0 inches DBH P Poletimber 5.0 inches to 8.9 inches DBH R Reproduction < 5.0 inches DBH D Dwarf < 25 feet at maturity FOREST DENSITY X 60-100% Calls are based Y 25-59% on crown closure Z 10-24% percent. NON-FOREST 63 Mixed Tall Shrub Closed 80 Lakes-Ponds 68 Mixed Tall Shrub Open 94 Bare Ground 70 Mixed Low Shrub Closed 97 Gravel pits, mines, quarries 71 Mixed Low Shrub Open 98 Roads 76 Dry Midgrass-Herb-Sedge 101 Timber Sales 79 Wet Sedge-Grass Table 2. Land cover key. Stratum Number Strata Description Acres Number Of Stands 1 White Spruce Sawtimber 6,756 11 2 White Spruce Poletimber Closed 20,637 9 3 White Spruce Poletimber Open 30,210 10 4 Black & White Spruce Reproduction Closed 10,220 3 5 Black & White Spruce Reproduction Open 94,794 3 6 Aspen Poletimber Closed 11,738 5 7 White Spruce-Aspen Poletimber 33,822 4 8 White Spruce-Balsam Poplar 11,372 5 Total 219,550 50 Table 3. Acreage and number of sampled stands by strata. Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate 7 Vegetation Type Acres Field Sampled? Stratum 1 White Spruce Sawtimber 2SX 5,016 Yes 3SY 5 2SY 1,736 Yes Sum 6,756 Stratum 2 White Spruce Poletimber Closed 1PX 13 2PX 17,954 Yes 3PX 2,670 Yes Sum 20,637 Stratum 3 White Spruce Poletimber Open 1PY 2 3PY 8,185 Yes 2PY 22,023 Yes Sum 30,210 Stratum 4 Black & White Spruce Reproduction Closed 2RX 2,852 1RX 354 3RX 7,014 Yes Sum 10,220 Stratum 5 Black & White Spruce Reproduction Open 2RZ 1,473 101 46 2RY 10,810 Yes 1RY 44,950 1RZ 215 3RY 28,857 Yes 3RZ 3,375 2PZ 4,152 Yes 3PZ 916 Yes Sum 94,794 Table 4. Sampled and un-sampled timber types by strata. Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate 8 Vegetation Type Acres Field Sampled? Stratum 6 Aspen Poletimber 19PX 1 18SX 7 18RX 3,615 18PY 5,020 Yes 18PX 3,092 Yes 17PY 3 Sum 11,738 Stratum 7 White Spruce Aspen Poletimber 18RZ 1,024 18PZ 119 18RY 9,948 Yes 34SY 5 39PX 141 Yes 31PX 2 39PY 400 Yes 39PZ 57 39RX 624 39RY 3,860 39RZ 267 34PX 1,185 Yes 37PX 5 34SX 54 34RZ 1,367 34RY 9,376 34RX 1,927 34PZ 263 34PY 3,127 31RX 30 31PY 34 37RY 6 Sum 33,822 Table 4 Continued. Sampled and un-sampled timber types by strata. Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate 9 Vegetation Type Acres Field Sampled? Stratum 8 White Spruce Balsam Poplar 16PX 1,160 Yes 16RZ 30 16RY 1,958 16RX 2,155 16SX 198 Yes 16PY 760 38RZ 58 16PZ 10 16SY 19 16SZ 1 38SX 216 38RY 1,682 38RX 476 38PZ 221 38PY 1,629 38PX 649 38SY 149 Sum 11,372 Grand Total Timberland 219,550 Table 4 Continued. Sampled and un-sampled timber types by strata. F. Description of Strata The eight strata are described below. Pictures are shown for selected strata where available. 1. Stratum 1 White Spruce Sawtimber This stratum is found in limited amounts across the project area. It occurs on the most productive sites (Viereck et al. 1992. The Alaska Vegetation Classification) and had the highest volume per acre within the project. The sites generally were well drained to moderately well drained with silt and silt loam soil types. Stands with the highest volumes per acre were found along the Tazlina and Nelchina Rivers. Stands found on upland sites generally were on high ground with a southerly aspect. Average age of the stratum was 143 years. Bark beetle mortality is severe in the stratum and most trees greater than 13 inches dbh have been killed. Fortunately many of the dead trees are standing and merchantability for fuelwood and biomass is still good. Stands on the more productive sites, i.e. river bottoms, had somewhat less mortality than on the upland sites. Stands located in the south edge of the project area in the vicinity of the Edgerton Highway had greater amounts of blow down, which probably reflects that the bark beetle epidemic began in this area and the trees have been dead for 3-4 years longer than in the Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate 10 north portion of the project area. Increased wind speeds in this area may also be contributing to blow down. The stratum contains 4,879 board feet per acre, but 22% of the board foot volume was in dead trees. The stratum averages 29 tons per acre and has a net annual yield of 0.21 tons per acre per year (12.4 cubic feet per acre per year). 2. Stratum 2 White Spruce Poletimber Closed This stratum is found across the project area on sites that are of poor to medium productivity. Permafrost is probably present on numerous sites. In some stands black spruce is mixed in, but with generally minor amounts compared to white spruce. Occasionally some aspen is also present. Average age of the stratum was 144 years, which is similar to the white spruce sawtimber stratum and indicates relatively low productivity. Although old, the stem count is fairly high and averaged 259 trees per acre. The stratum contains 1,243 cubic feet per acre, with 17% of this volume in dead trees. The stratum contains 21 tons per acre and has a net annual yield of 0.17 tons per acre per year (10 cubic feet per acre per year). 3. Stratum 3 White Spruce Poletimber Open This stratum is found across the project area on sites that are of poor productivity. On higher elevations of the project area such as near the Little Nelchina River, the stands appear to have a high percentage of black spruce trees. During field measurements however, these trees were indeed white spruce which reflects the species’ ability to out compete black spruce at higher elevations. Unfortunately however, these trees exhibit the slow growth characteristic of black spruce. The stem count is 169 trees per acre with 20% of the trees of sawtimber size. Many of the sawtimber sized trees have succumbed to the bark beetle infestation. Average age of the stratum was 184 years, the highest of all eight strata. These stands contain an average of 955 cubic feet per acre, with 21% of this volume in dead trees. The stratum contains 16 tons per acre. The combination of slow growth and beetle mortality resulted in the slowest growth rate of all the strata. Annual yield was .04 tons per acre per year (2.1 cubic feet per acre per year). 4. Stratum 4 Black and White Spruce Reproduction Closed This stratum is found across the project area on sites that are of poor productivity. Although these stands contain a majority of trees less than five inches dbh, they are not true reproduction stands, but stands of very slow growing trees. They are however more productive than the common black spruce dwarf stands that occur widespread across the project area. These stands have measurable cubic foot volume and contain useable biomass. Average age was 162 years and the stands that were sampled have put on very little growth in the past 50 years. It is likely that productivity can be improved by opening these sites and increasing soil warming. The stem count averaged 179 trees per acre, but a substantial number of trees less than five inches dbh were present that totaled 2,017 trees per acre. The majority of the trees greater than five inches dbh were white spruce and the majority of trees less than five inches dbh were black spruce. Within the reproduction size class, 450 trees per acre were between three and five inches dbh. The stratum contains 330 cubic feet per acre, and 6 tons per acre. The average net annual yield is 0.05 tons per acre per year (3.2 cubic feet per acre per year). Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate 11 Figure 2. Stratum 2, white spruce poletimber closed, south of Tazlina lodge. 5. Stratum 5 Black and White Spruce Reproduction Open This is the largest stratum by acreage comprising over 43% of the total timberland acreage. This stratum is found across the project area on sites that are of poor productivity. Plots from similar stands on adjacent Native lands were used in addition to the single sampled stand to calculate volume. It is similar to stratum 4 where the productivity is greater than dwarf timber types. This stratum has been determined to have useable biomass. The stem count of trees five inches dbh and greater totals 41 trees per acre. The stem count of trees less than five inches dbh totals 1,000 trees per acre. Within this size class, 266 trees per acre are between three and five inches dbh. The stratum contains 98 cubic feet per acre, and 2 tons per acre. The average net annual yield is 0.03 tons per acre per year (1.8 cubic feet per acre per year). Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate 12 Figure 3. Stratum 3, white spruce poletimber open, north of Little Nelchina River. 6. Stratum 6 Aspen Poletimber Closed Stands comprising this stratum occur on the warmest of sites with a southerly aspect. The sites generally are well drained with silt and silt loam soil types. Average age of the stratum was 84 years and some stands have vigorous white spruce regeneration growing under the aspen. The stem count averages 334 trees per acre. The stratum contains 1,236 cubic feet per acre. It contains 25 tons per acre and has a net annual yield of 0.8 tons per acre per year (48.7 cubic feet per acre per year). This stratum has lower volume per acre than stratum 1, but has the highest annual yield of all the strata. 7. Stratum 7 White Spruce-Aspen Poletimber This stratum by occurs across the project area on variable sites. Average age of the stratum is 91. Stands in the stratum are quite variable. The aspen component varies in density with the older stands containing fewer stems. The stratum contains 1,020 cubic feet per acre. It contains 19 tons per acre and has a net annual yield of 0.5 tons per acre per year (27.2 cubic feet per acre per year). Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate 13 Figure 4. Stratum 4, black spruce-white spruce reproduction, west of Tolsona Creek. 8. Stratum 8 White Spruce-Balsam Poplar This is the smallest stratum by acreage comprising less than 4% of total timberland acreage. It occurs along the active floodplains of the larger river systems within the project area. These drainages include the Tazlina, Nelchina, Little Nelchina and Tonsina Rivers and Bernard Creek. Average age of the stratum is 103. Stands in the stratum are quite variable. Some stands are mostly balsam poplar where others are a mix of white spruce and balsam poplar. The stem count averages 185 trees per acre. The stratum contains 956 cubic feet per acre. It contains about 19 tons per acre and has a net annual yield of 0.5 tons per acre per year (30 cubic feet per acre per year). 9. Non-Forest Figure 6 illustrates non-forest dwarf shrub with scattered black spruce dwarf trees. The picture is looking south near the Little Nelchina River. Shrub species include low bush cranberry, low bush blueberry, Labrador tea and dwarf birch. Vegetation pictured here also includes sedge tussock tundra. Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate 14 Figure 5. Stratum 7, white spruce-aspen poletimber, west of Tolsona Creek. Figure 6. Non-forest dwarf shrub, north of Little Nelchina River. Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate 15 IV. RESULTS A. Forest Volume Definitions Estimates of timber volume on forested lands have been calculated with three different measurements; cubic foot volume, board foot volume and green tons. The cubic foot measurement includes all timber greater than or equal to five inches dbh and is divided among the live and dead poletimber and sawtimber components of the forest. The board foot measurement is commonly used to determine the amount of lumber that can be sawn from a log. Because the measurement is based on actual boards that can be sawn from a log, it disregards all material wasted in the process such as slabs and sawdust. The board foot measurement only includes timber equal to or greater than 9 inches dbh. Volume calculations for both cubic and board foot measurements are based on volume equations produced for Interior Alaska; U.S. Forest Service research notes NOR-5, NOR-6 and PNW-59. Board foot volume is reported in Scribner Decimal C scale and is based on 16-foot log segments (short log scale). For spruce it is reported to a 6-inch top (PNW-59) and for hardwoods to an 8- inch top (NOR-5). Cubic volume is reported in Smalian’s rule and for spruce and hardwoods includes volume to a 4-inch top (NOR-6). Both live and dead volume is reported. Dead volume includes recently dead trees estimated to have died within the last 16 years. This time period coincides with the spruce bark beetle outbreak. Volume Formula Name Volume Unit Species Formula NOR-6 Cubic Foot 4- inch Top White and Black Spruce (-2.055)+0.2982*(dbh)+0.00181*(dbh)^2*ht NOR-6 Cubic 4-inch Top Birch (-2.5767)+0.9524*(dbh)-0.10446*(dbh)^2- 0.03303*(ht)+0.00282*(dbh)^2*(ht) NOR-6 Cubic 4-inch Top Aspen (-0.5553)-0.02216*dbh^2+0.00246*dbh^2*ht NOR-6 Cubic 4-inch Top Balsam Poplar (-3.2187)+0.8281*(dbh)-0.05908*(dbh)^2- 0.01985*(ht)+0.00199*(dbh)^2*(ht) PNW-59 Board Foot Scribner 6-inch Top White and Black Spruce 39.71+4.2659*dbh-0.55865*dbh^2- 1.1184*ht+0.016113*dbh^2*ht-437.92/dbh^2 NOR-5 Board Foot Scribner 8-inch Top Birch and Aspen (-27.263)+0.00995*dbh^2*ht NOR-5 Board Foot Scribner 8-inch Top Balsam Poplar (-46.7415)+0.00956*dbh^2*ht Table 5. Volume formulas by species for poletimber and sawtimber size classes. Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate 16 Computation of green tons was derived from weight ratios produced for Alaska wood species (Sturgeon 1979. Wood As A Fuel.). Wood As A Fuel lists the weight of green cord wood which can be converted into pounds per cubic foot. The inventory cubic foot values are converted to green tons using these ratios (table 6). A cord of wood is assumed to contain 90 cubic feet of solid wood. Species Pounds per Cubic Foot White Spruce 34 Black Spruce 34 Birch 50 Aspen 43 Balsam Poplar 43 Table 6. Inventory species and weight for poletimber and sawtimber. B. Inventory Volume by Species Inventory volume is reported below in table 7 by tree species across all timber types. When the entire volume by species is summed, a grand total of 1,383,731 net cunits (1 cunit=100 cubic feet=1 CCF) is present. If this total is divided by the timberland area of 219,550 acres, then overall there is 630 net cubic feet per acre. Similarly, overall there are 11.37 net tons per acre and 1,013 net board feet per acre. The values for cubic feet and tons are reported for trees equal to or greater than five inches dbh. Board foot values are reported for trees equal to or greater than nine inches dbh (MBF=1,000 board feet). Table 8 reports inventory volume by species and size class across all timber types. The sawtimber size class comprises 40% of the total net cubic volume or about 556,000 cunits. The poletimber size class comprises 60% of the total net cubic volume or about 827,000 cunits. Dead sawtimber trees mostly killed from bark beetles comprise 15% of the total sawtimber net cubic volume. Species Net CUFT Per Acre Total Net CUNITS Net Tons Per Acre Total Net Tons Net BDFT Per Acre Total Net MBF Aspen 106 233,416 2.29 501,844 35 7,736 Balsam Poplar 36 78,435 0.77 168,635 71 15,506 Birch 3 5,553 0.06 13,882 2 441 Black Spruce 39 85,175 0.66 144,797 1 225 White Spruce 447 981,153 7.60 1,667,960 904 198,542 Total 630 1,383,731 11.37 2,497,118 1,013 222,449 Table 7. Total net volume across all strata. Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate 17 Gross Cunits Net Cunits Gross Tons Net Tons Gross MBF Net MBF Saw Live Aspen 41,850 39,313 89,977 84,524 8,279 7,736 Balsam Poplar 59,600 54,190 128,140 116,509 17,343 15,506 Birch 3,485 2,788 8,712 6,969 551 441 Black Spruce 579 417 985 709 281 225 White Spruce 403,353 373,776 685,701 635,420 175,239 161,956 Total 508,867 470,485 913,515 844,131 201,694 185,863 Saw Dead White Spruce 105,775 85,886 179,818 146,006 45,558 36,586 Total 105,775 85,886 179,818 146,006 45,558 36,586 Pole Live Aspen 197,146 194,102 423,863 417,320 Balsam Poplar 25,884 24,245 55,651 52,127 Birch 3,456 2,765 8,641 6,913 Black Spruce 80,420 74,932 136,715 127,385 White Spruce 490,316 482,475 833,537 820,207 Total 797,223 778,519 1,458,407 1,423,952 Pole Dead Black Spruce 10,779 9,825 18,324 16,703 White Spruce 42,858 39,016 72,859 66,328 Total 53,637 48,841 91,183 83,031 Grand Total 1,465,502 1,383,731 2,642,923 2,497,118 247,252 222,449 Table 8. Volume summary by size class and species across strata. C. Defect Estimates by Species Defect renders portions of individual trees unusable or of very limited use as forest products due to insect damage, rot and physical damage such as broken stems, sweep and crook. The net volumes shown however do not take into account all defects because hidden defect has not been estimated. Visible defect is the difference between gross and net volume. Visible defect percentage by species is shown in Table 9. Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate 18 Species Gross Cubic Feet/Acre Net Cubic Feet/Acre Percent Defect Aspen 109 106 2.3 Balsam Poplar 39 36 8.2 Birch 3 3 20.0 Black Spruce 42 39 7.2 White Spruce 475 447 5.9 Totals 668 630 5.6 Table 9. Cubic foot defect estimates by species. D. Inventory Volume by Strata Timber inventory results by stratum and species are shown in figure 7 and table 10. Detailed results by stratum are contained in Appendices A and B. Figure 7. Percent of total net cubic foot volume by strata. Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate 19 Net CUFT Per Acre Total Net CUNITS Net Tons Per Ac. Total Net Tons Net BDFT Per Acre Total Net MBF Stratum 1 White Spruce Sawtimber = 6,756 Acres Aspen 0 0 0 0 2 14 Balsam Poplar 10 687 0 1,476 21 140 Black Spruce 9 594 0 1,009 White Spruce 1,661 112,223 28 190,778 4,856 32,811 Totals 1,680 113,504 29 193,263 4,879 32,965 Stratum 2 White Spruce Poletimber Closed = 20,637 Acres Balsam Poplar 29 5,996 1 12,892 116 2,401 Black Spruce 94 19,349 2 32,893 11 225 White Spruce 1,120 231,180 19 393,006 2,334 48,157 Totals 1,243 256,525 21 438,791 2,461 50,783 Stratum 3 White Spruce Poletimber Open = 30,210 Acres Black Spruce 51 15,382 1 26,149 White Spruce 904 273,011 15 464,118 2,197 66,364 Totals 955 288,393 16 490,267 2,197 66,364 Stratum 4 Black & White Spruce Reproduction Closed = 10,220 Acres Black Spruce 224 22,911 4 38,948 White Spruce 106 10,843 2 18,433 78 798 Totals 330 33,754 6 57,381 78 798 Stratum 5 Black & White Spruce Reproduction Open = 94,794 Acres Black Spruce 12 11,306 0 19,220 White Spruce 86 81,259 1 138,140 119 11,298 Totals 98 92,565 2 157,360 119 11,298 Stratum 6 Aspen Poletimber = 11,738 Acres Aspen 976 114,586 21 246,360 383 4,501 Balsam Poplar 0 9 0 20 White Spruce 260 30,521 4 51,885 463 5,431 Totals 1,236 145,116 25 298,265 846 9,932 Stratum 7 White Spruce Aspen Poletimber = 33,822 Acres Aspen 344 116,230 7 249,894 95 3,221 Birch 16 5,553 0 13,882 13 441 Black Spruce 46 15,633 1 26,577 White Spruce 614 207,694 10 353,079 899 30,413 Totals 1,020 345,110 19 643,432 1,007 34,075 Stratum 8 White Spruce Balsam Poplar = 11,372 Acres Aspen 23 2,600 0 5,590 Balsam Poplar 631 71,743 14 154,247 1,140 12,965 White Spruce 303 34,423 5 58,519 288 3,270 Totals 957 108,766 19 218,356 1,428 16,235 Grand Total 1,383,731 2,497,118 222,449 Table 10. Volume by stratum and species. Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate 20 A. Inventory Volume of Sapling Size Trees Inventory volume results have been calculated for the sapling component to determine the tonnage of this material that may be available as a biomass resource. These values represent the total above ground portion of the tree including branches and needles and use equations published for Interior Alaska tree species. The regression equations (Yarie 2007. Aboveground Biomass Equations for the Trees of Interior Alaska.) relate the weight of individual tree components by species to physical measurements that are easy to obtain in the field. White spruce and black spruce equations (table 11) were applied to regeneration diameter and height data to get an estimate of available tons. These equations were compared to wood chip weight recovery data conducted in Tok by the Division of Forestry, Tok Area Office for similar species and size classes. The equations with the closest fit to the actual Tok cut out data were used. Due to inaccuracies in projecting weight of very small trees, the equations were only applied to trees with diameters between two and 4.9 inches dbh. Species Sapling Aboveground Weight in Pounds White Spruce, Birch, Aspen Balsam Poplar ((8628.215*(dbh*2.54))+525.26667*(dbh*2.54)2 Black Spruce +6320.94097*(Ht*0.3048))/453.59237) ((2454.230*(Ht*0.3048))/453.59237) Table 11. Inventory sapling species and weight regression equations. As can be expected, the highest tons per acre values are in the reproduction strata. Both strata 4 and 5 contain a significantly higher amount of tonnage in trees less than 5 inches dbh than in trees greater than 5 inches. Depending on accessibility, these stands could be a source of biomass material. If tonnage of sapling, poletimber and sawtimber tree sizes is combined stratum 4 contains 17 tons per acre and stratum 5 contains 7 tons per acre. Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate 21 Trees/Acre Tons/Acre Stratum 1 White Spruce Sawtimber Black Spruce 18 0 White Spruce 95 1 Total Trees Per Acre 114 1 Stratum 2 White Spruce Poletimber Closed Black Spruce 78 1 White Spruce 189 3 Total Trees Per Acre 267 4 Stratum 3 White Spruce Poletimber Open Balsam Poplar 5 0 Black Spruce 40 0 White Spruce 155 1 Total Trees Per Acre 200 1 Stratum 4 Black & White Spruce Reproduction Closed Black Spruce 617 10 White Spruce 50 1 Total Trees Per Acre 667 11 Stratum 5 Black & White Spruce Reproduction Open Black Spruce 267 4 White Spruce 167 2 Total Trees Per Acre 433 6 Stratum 6 Aspen Poletimber Aspen 130 3 White Spruce 50 1 Total Trees Per Acre 180 4 Stratum 7 White Spruce Aspen Poletimber Aspen 38 0 Black Spruce 75 2 White Spruce 138 2 Total Trees Per Acre 250 4 Stratum 8 White Spruce Balsam Poplar Aspen 20 0 Balsam Poplar 100 1 White Spruce 180 2 Total Trees Per Acre 300 2 Table 12. Volume summary by stratum and sapling species 2” - 4.9” dbh. B. Sampling Error by Volume Sample error was calculated for the live gross cubic foot estimate by strata and size class (table 13). The sample error percent is given within one standard deviation of the mean. This means that there is a 68% chance (one standard deviation) that the volume of the individual live size class components are within plus or minus the error percentage indicated. Sample error is Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate 22 relatively high for the reproduction strata 4 and 5. This is indicative of the variation of the sawtimber and poletimber component within mostly sapling sized dominated stands. Live Poletimber Live Sawtimber Combined Stratum Number of Plots Gross CF/Ac % Sampling Error Gross CF/Ac % Sampling Error Gross CF/Ac % Sampling Error 1 110 440 8.3 943 9.4 1,383 6.9 2 90 605 10.9 456 15.3 1,061 9.0 3 100 396 10.0 393 10.8 789 7.4 4 30 325 21.4 18 55.5 343 20.5 5 30 72 33.5 43 44.7 115 26.8 6 50 985 8.3 293 10.4 1,278 6.8 7 40 747 14.1 283 22.5 1,030 11.9 8 50 481 14.9 524 15.7 1,005 10.9 Total 500 515 4.2 476 5.6 991 3.5 Table 13. Gross live cubic foot percent sampling error. C. Log Grade Log grade estimates were made during field sampling. Log grade was only tallied for the live sawtimber sized trees (> 9 inches dbh). A grade was given for each of the first two 16-foot log segments. Log grades use Puget Sound grading rules, which contain specifications for various species. White spruce and black spruce were applied to the Puget Sound western white pine rules. Aspen and birch were applied to red alder rules and balsam poplar to the cottonwood rules. The summary for white spruce trees in stratum 1 is shown in table 14. Appendix C shows the Puget Sound grading rules and detailed results for each stratum. Log grade results were not computed by volume but do provide grade estimates in straight percentage terms of trees measured in the field. This gives a reference point for the grade distribution in each stratum. For the white spruce sawtimber component in stratum 1, over one half of the measurements coded each of the first two log segments as a number 4 log grade. First 16-Foot Log Grade Second 16-Foot Log Grade Percent of Measurements Cull Cull 3 % 2 3 2 % 3 3 2 % 3 4 11 % 3 Utility 1 % 4 Cull 1 % 4 4 56 % 4 Utility 16 % Utility Cull 1 % Utility Utility 7 % 100% Table 14. Log grade for stratum 1 white spruce trees. Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate 23 V. FOREST PRODUCTIVITY A. Site Index Tree height has been found as the most reliable indicator of site productivity. In essence, the taller the tree the more productive is the growing site. When height is combined with tree age, the measurements can be reported as a site index number. This number gives the height in feet of a particular stand at a reference base age. Site index of white spruce uses a base age of 100 years whereas site index of aspen uses a base age of 50 years. Site index reflects the combined effect of all environmental factors and is therefore a good index of stand productivity. Site index calculations for white spruce are based on site index equations produced for Interior Alaska: U.S. Forest Service research paper PNW-53. Site index calculations for aspen are based on site index equations produced for Interior Alaska; U.S. Forest Service research paper NOR-2. Balsam poplar measurements were also applied to the aspen NOR-2 values. Site Index (Feet) Stratum 1 White Spruce Sawtimber White Spruce 56 Aspen --- Stratum 2 White Spruce Poletimber Closed White Spruce 52 Aspen --- Stratum 3 White Spruce Poletimber Open White Spruce 42 Aspen --- Stratum 4 Black & White Spruce Reproduction Closed White Spruce 35 Aspen --- Stratum 5 Black & White Spruce Reproduction Open White Spruce 29 Aspen --- Stratum 6 Aspen Poletimber White Spruce 68 Aspen 41 Stratum 7 White Spruce Aspen Poletimber White Spruce 50 Aspen 45 Stratum 8 White Spruce Balsam Poplar White Spruce --- Balsam Poplar 41 Table 15. Site index by stratum and species. B. Timberland Area Age Class Forest productivity can also be examined in terms of overall age class distribution. Typically as trees become older productivity declines. Hardwoods generally begin to decline after year 80 or 90 when rot becomes more frequent. White spruce is longer lived, but generally starts to decline Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate 24 after year 180. At this age white spruce becomes more susceptible to rot and insect damage. Table 16 shows the age class distribution in acres and percent of the total acreage. Over two thirds of the timberland acreage is older than 120 years and 20% of the timberland acreage is older than 180 years. The advanced age of many of the white spruce stands may have contributed to the widespread beetle infestation throughout the project area. Stands between 50 and 80 years of age comprised 16% of the timberland area. Most of these stands were aspen dominated. The age class distribution indicates a lengthy fire return interval and the low site index numbers in table 15 correspond to stands growing in cold soils covered by moss. The primary disturbance factor for soils in the Copper River basin is the wild fire regime (Swanson 1996. Susceptibility of permafrost soils to deep thaw after forest fires in interior Alaska, U.S.A. and some ecologic implications.). Fire results in the clearing of vegetation, partial or entire removal of the organic mat, and thawing of permafrost. Changing these factors has profound effects on the characteristics of the soil profile and subsequently on the trees growing on top. A wet-cold-frozen soil, with permafrost insulated by a thick organic mat can become a dry-warm soil type after a fire. During field measurements, trees that had the greatest 10-year increment growth were almost always associated with warmer soils and thinner moss depth. Stand Age Class Average Age Acres Percent of Total 50 - 60 59 4,391 2% 60 - 70 68 8,782 4% 70 - 80 74 21,955 10% 80 - 90 81 4,391 2% 90 - 100 96 17,564 8% 100 - 110 103 4,391 2% 110 - 120 112 4,391 2% 120 - 130 127 21,955 10% 130 - 140 138 13,173 6% 140 - 150 146 39,519 18% 150 - 160 152 21,955 10% 160 - 170 161 13,173 6% 180 - 190 181 8,782 4% 190 - 200 196 17,564 8% 200 - 210 201 8,782 4% 210 - 220 213 8,782 4% Table 16. Percent of area by age class. Table 17 reports the average age by individual stratum. From the age data it is evident that strata 4 and 5 are not true reproduction stands, but are in fact timber growing on poor sites. These timber types have significant numbers of trees less than 5 inches in diameter and a limited number of poletimber trees. It is this poletimber component that makes these stands have a potential for providing firewood and biomass resources. Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate 25 Stratum Description Average Age 1 White Spruce Sawtimber 136 2 White Spruce Poletimber Closed 137 3 White Spruce Poletimber Open 169 4 Black & White Spruce Reproduction Closed 150 5 Black & White Spruce Reproduction Open 138 6 Aspen Poletimber 74 7 White Spruce Aspen Poletimber 84 8 White Spruce Balsam Poplar 96 Table 17. Average age by strata. C. Regeneration Another measure of productivity is whether individual timber stands are being replaced by regeneration. Interior Alaska tree species are mostly even-aged and are replaced through natural regeneration following fire, flooding or insect outbreaks. In the absence of disturbance, stands are slowly replaced by understory regeneration. In many cases such as the dense black and white spruce stands, regeneration is poor because of thick moss cover and cold soils. There is a high tree count of small black spruce seedlings, but regeneration of quality crop trees is poor. These stands are slow to regenerate unless a stand replacing disturbance such as wildfire occurs. In other cases stands are actively being replaced even in the absence of disturbance. These stands typically are the aspen poletimber stands that contain a well stocked spruce understory. Table 18 gives numbers of trees per acre less than 5 inches by species and stratum. Trees are of desirable and acceptable quality as determined in field. Undesirable trees not expected to become future crop trees are not included in the table. D. Growth and Mortality Estimates Growth estimates have been determined through projections made with the timber cruise software TCruise. Periodic annual gross growth has been projected utilizing the past 10-year diameter growth increment and bark thickness measurements collected in the field across all measured diameter classes (5-inch dbh and greater). By collecting both the growth increment and bark thickness measurement, the software is able to discount changes in bark thickness that would affect the accurate determination of diameter growth. Growth was computed by a regression approach for both diameter and height. The desired growth projection interval used was 10 years (i.e. 2009-2019). The increased volume growth was then divided by 10 to calculate an annual growth rate. This volume figure was then divided by the growing stock base (live tree volume) to calculate a percentage growth rate. The trees were grown out initially by ten years instead of just one year because many of the 10-year diameter growth increments were so small that the software calculated an inconsistent growth rate for a one year projection. Diameter- height relationships, diameter growth and calculated bark thickness ratios (Husch et al. 2002. Forest Mensuration, Fourth Edition.) are shown in Appendix D. Mortality estimates have been determined by dividing the recently dead volume by 16 years to calculate annual mortality. The 16 year time period corresponds to the beginning of the bark beetle infestation in the project area. These trees were easily identified during field measurements as bark beetle killed trees. The mortality estimates were then subtracted from the gross growth figures to calculate net growth. The average net annual growth for the project area is 10 cubic feet per acre (table 19). Growth rates are slightly below Forest Service estimates of between 2 and 3% (Smith et al. 2007. Forest Resources of the United States, 2007) for unmanaged interior forests. Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate 26 Trees/Acre Stratum 1 White Spruce Sawtimber Black Spruce 32 White Spruce 841 Total Trees Per Acre 873 Stratum 2 White Spruce Poletimber Closed Black Spruce 228 White Spruce 556 Total Trees Per Acre 783 Stratum 3 White Spruce Poletimber Open Balsam Poplar 25 Black Spruce 280 White Spruce 410 Total Trees Per Acre 715 Stratum 4 Black & White Spruce Reproduction Closed Black Spruce 567 White Spruce 33 Total Trees Per Acre 600 Stratum 5 Black & White Spruce Reproduction Open Black Spruce 300 White Spruce 467 Total Trees Per Acre 767 Stratum 6 Aspen Poletimber Aspen 250 Balsam Poplar 10 White Spruce 570 Total Trees Per Acre 830 Stratum 7 White Spruce Aspen Poletimber Aspen 38 Black Spruce 363 White Spruce 325 Total Trees Per Acre 725 Stratum 8 White Spruce Balsam Poplar Aspen 50 Balsam Poplar 240 Birch 60 White Spruce 760 Total Trees Per Acre 1,110 Table 18. Number of trees per acre less than 5 inches dbh by stratum and species. Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate 27 % Annual Growth % Annual Mortality % Annual Net Growth CF Per Acre Per Year Growth Total Annual Net Growth Cunits Tons Per Acre Per Year Growth Annual Net Growth Tons Stratum 1 White Spruce Sawtimber 2.57% 1.64% 0.93% 12 836 0.20 1,424 Stratum 2 White Spruce Poletimber Closed 2.23% 1.26% 0.97% 10 2,065 0.17 3,537 Stratum 3 White Spruce Poletimber Open 1.91% 1.63% 0.28% 2 640 0.03 1,088 Stratum 4 Black & White Spruce Reproduction Closed 0.98% 0.00% 0.98% 3 331 0.05 562 Stratum 5 Black & White Spruce Reproduction Open 1.79% 0.00% 1.79% 2 1,657 0.02 2,817 Stratum 6 Aspen Poletimber 3.94% 0.00% 3.94% 49 5,718 1.02 11,752 Stratum 7 White Spruce Aspen Poletimber 2.85% 0.13% 2.72% 27 9,198 0.52 17,181 Stratum 8 White Spruce Balsam Poplar 3.21% 0.04% 3.17% 30 3,428 0.6 6,887 Total Live Volume 2.66% 0.85% 1.81% 10 22,607 0.19 41,052 Table 19. Growth and mortality estimates. E. Sustained Yield Analysis Estimates of sustained yield have been made to guide future management decisions. The estimates in this analysis only include the timberland acreage and volume. Dwarf forests are not included. The sustained yield has been calculated using area control, which divides the acreage of each stratum by the rotation age. White spruce and mixed white spruce types use a rotation age of 120 years, which includes 10 years for establishment. The aspen timber type uses a rotation of 80 years, which includes 10 years for establishment. There has been no acreage reductions made for operability concerns. Estimates of operable economic sustainable yield are shown in Section VI. Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate 28 Strata Description Acres Rota -tion Acres /Yr. Net CF/ Ac. Net CF/Yr. Net Tons /Ac. Net Tons/ Yr. Net BF/ Ac. Net BF/Yr. 1 Ws Saw 6,756 120 56 1,680 94,584 28 1,576 4,879 274,688 2 Ws Pole Closed 20,637 120 172 1,243 213,765 22 3,783 2,461 423,230 3 Ws Pole Open 30,210 120 252 955 240,421 16 4,028 2,197 553,095 4 Bs-Ws Repro Closed 10,220 120 85 330 28,105 6 511 78 6,643 5 Bs-Ws Repro Open 94,794 120 790 98 77,415 1 790 119 94,004 6 Aspen Pole 11,738 80 147 1,236 181,352 25 3,668 846 124,129 7 Ws-As Pole 33,822 120 282 1,020 287,487 18 5,073 1,007 283,823 8 Ws-Bp 11,372 120 95 957 90,692 19 1,801 1,428 135,327 Totals 219,550 1,878 1,213,821 21,231 1,894,939 Species Totals Aspen 242,340 5,054 83,084 Balsam Poplar 65,348 1,499 129,165 Birch 4,510 0 3,664 Black Spruce 71,033 1,218 1,892 White Spruce 830,590 13,460 1,677,134 Totals 1,213,821 21,231 1,894,939 Table 20. Sustained yield estimate, total timberland area. Figure 8. Sustained yield comparison between strata, total timberland area. Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate 29 VI. ECONOMIC AVAILABILITY OF SUSTAINABLE BIOMASS FUELS The economics of available biomass were examined in context to two communities in the project area; Glennallen and Kenny Lake. A proposed wood pellet project and a proposed school biomass heating project are under evaluation in the vicinity of these areas. The proposed wood pellet project is being considered by the Ahtna Native Corporation and likely would be situated near Glennallen. The school biomass heating project would be constructed to supply the Kenny Lake School with wood fired heat and would be constructed on the school grounds. For both these projects to be successful an accurate estimate of economic and sustainable biomass resources is needed. This is especially important in Alaska because there is little urban, logging residue or wood manufacturing wood waste available as a supplemental biomass resource. Energy plantations of fast growing woody crops are also not available. For the most part, the biomass supply for these projects will consist solely of harvested firewood and commercial grade timber. When biomass is used in this form it is referred to as “fuelwood”. This is the most expensive of biomass sources (Ashton et al. 2008. Woody Biomass Desk Guide and Toolkit). This supply scenario is quite different than the Lower 48 where biomass projects generally rely on a combination of urban wood waste, mill waste and logging residues. A. Current Delivered Costs Delivered firewood costs and distance to current supply sources were researched for both Glennallen and Kenny Lake. Currently the wood harvests are mostly from State of Alaska timber sales. Delivered prices and distances shown in Table 20 are from timber sales located at mile 166 of the Glenn Highway. Firewood is hauled and delivered from the harvest site in 8-foot lengths. The timber sale area is in the vicinity of Tolsona Creek which is located on some of the closest state forest lands to Glennallen. Delivery Location Delivered Price Per Cord Cord Configuration Haul Distance In Road Miles Working Circle Radius In Miles Glennallen $180 8 Foot Lengths 23 21 Kenny Lake $200 8 Foot Lengths 64 47 Table 21. Delivered costs and mileage for firewood sources. B. Biomass Volume for Five Working Circles Delivered firewood costs are highly correlated to haul distances. Generally to accurately ascertain the feasibility of a particular biomass project, harvest operation areas defined in working circles can be analyzed for volume quantity, geographic availability and cost of wood. Although the delivered cost and current working circle radius from the two communities to the mile 166 harvest site has been determined, calculating the economic availability of biomass fuels in an entire working circle is difficult because of lack of established infrastructure and barriers to adding new infrastructure. Major barriers to access include the Trans Alaska Pipeline and the numerous incised river systems. To provide a more realistic calculation of the economic availability of biomass, timberland area within the working circles has been reduced to show the Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate 30 potential operable areas. Figures 8 and 9 illustrate five 10-mile working circles with operable timberland areas identified surrounding Glennallen and Kenny Lake. Operable areas were determined through field reconnaissance and discussions with Division of Forestry, Valdez/Copper River Area, forestry personnel. Operable acreage and volume by stratum for the five 10-mile working circles are shown in tables 21 and 22. Established delivered costs to Glennallen and Kenny Lake were interpolated to calculate delivered cost per cord by working circle radius mileage (figure 10). These values were converted to a green ton basis in figure 11 by applying the pounds per cubic foot spruce conversion factor (34 pounds/cubic foot). C. Annual Biomass Yield for Five Working Circles Volume availability on an annual basis was determined by multiplying the inventory net growth rates percentages by strata (table 19) by the operable working circle volume. The annual volume availability for both Glennallen and Kenny Lake are shown in tables 23 and 24 and figures 12 and 13. The delivered cost information was then applied to the operable available volume to develop supply curves in cunits and tons for Glennallen and Kenny Lake. For this analysis it is assumed that delivered cost per cord is equivalent to a cunit basis (i.e. $/cord=$/cunit). Utilizing the maximum radius of 50 miles if a facility was constructed in Glennallen there would potentially be available on an annual basis a sustainable volume of approximately 4,200 cords. Utilizing this same radius if a facility was constructed in Kenny Lake there would potentially be available on an annual basis a sustainable volume of approximately 2,800 cords. In both cases this volume could be available at a cost of about $204.00 per cord. It should be noted that delivered fuelwood costs are based on current retail rates for the two communities. If suppliers were contracted to deliver to a single location at a fixed price and volume guarantee, it is likely that the delivered cost would be lower than stated here. Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate 31 Figure 9. Ten mile circles and operable forestland around Glennallen. Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate 32 Figure 10. Ten mile circles and operable forestland around Kenny Lake. Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate 33 Table 22. Glennallen area working circle operable acreage and volume. Table 23. Kenny Lake area working circle operable acreage and volume. 0-10 Miles 10-20 Miles 20-30 Miles 30-40 Miles 40-50 Miles Totals Stratum Acres Cunits Tons Acres Cunits Tons Acres Cunits Tons Acres Cunits Tons Acres Cunits Tons Acres Cunits Tons 1 204 2,709 4,481 162 2,148 3,553 28 369 610 425 5,656 9,355 423 5,630 9,313 1,241 16,512 27,313 2 316 3,263 5,692 1,707 17,619 30,731 1,343 13,855 24,166 644 6,648 11,595 192 1,982 3,458 4,202 43,369 75,643 3 110 833 1,321 891 6,747 10,696 2,196 16,621 26,348 2,546 19,273 30,552 481 3,639 5,769 6,224 47,114 74,685 4 359 1,184 1,795 3,294 10,872 16,472 1,180 3,895 5,902 306 1,009 1,528 68 224 339 5,207 17,184 26,036 5 77 75 77 11,909 11,671 11,909 8,032 7,871 8,032 4,124 4,042 4,124 1,693 1,659 1,693 25,835 25,318 25,835 6 26 317 667 41 508 1,068 721 8,908 18,738 822 10,157 21,366 52 640 1,346 1,661 20,529 43,184 7 56 565 1,073 429 4,287 8,145 2,913 29,132 55,350 1,333 13,327 25,322 774 7,739 14,704 5,505 55,050 104,594 8 106 1,008 2,014 479 4,557 9,104 232 2,209 4,414 1,012 9,626 19,231 48 458 915 1,878 17,858 35,678 1,254 9,955 17,119 18,912 58,408 91,678 16,645 82,861 143,561 11,212 69,737 123,074 3,731 21,971 37,537 51,753 242,933 412,968 0-10 Miles 10-20 Miles 20-30 Miles 30-40 Miles 40-50 Miles Totals Stratum Acres Cunits Tons Acres Cunits Tons Acres Cunits Tons Acres Cunits Tons Acres Cunits Tons Acres Cunits Tons 1 25 331 547 97 1,295 2,143 204 2,709 4,481 59 787 1,301 129 1,712 2,831 514 6,833 11,303 2 0 0 0 284 2,928 5,107 169 1,745 3,044 510 5,261 9,177 2,044 21,094 36,792 3,007 31,028 54,119 3 69 523 829 1,280 9,688 15,358 92 696 1,103 124 939 1,488 1,818 13,762 21,816 3,383 25,608 40,594 4 0 0 0 154 508 769 60 199 301 406 1,341 2,031 3,881 12,808 19,406 4,502 14,855 22,508 5 104 102 104 1,283 1,257 1,283 76 75 76 286 280 286 16,479 16,150 16,479 18,228 17,864 18,228 6 215 2,654 5,584 543 6,707 14,109 146 1,807 3,802 37 457 962 384 4,751 9,994 1,325 16,377 34,451 7 307 3,066 5,826 932 9,321 17,710 77 767 1,458 119 1,195 2,270 1,423 14,225 27,028 2,857 28,575 54,292 8 67 636 1,271 602 5,723 11,433 381 3,625 7,242 116 1,106 2,210 424 4,028 8,048 1,590 15,118 30,205 786 7,312 14,160 5,174 37,428 67,913 1,205 11,622 21,506 1,658 11,366 19,726 26,582 88,530 142,395 35,405 156,258 265,699 Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate 34 Figure 11. Delivered price per cord by working circle radius. Figure 12. Delivered price per green ton by working circle radius. Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate 35 Table 24. Glennallen area working circle annual volume availability. Table 25. Kenny Lake area working circle annual volume availability. 0-10 Miles 10-20 Miles 20-30 Miles 30-40 Miles 40-50 Miles Totals Stratum Cunits Tons Cunits Tons Cunits Tons Cunits Tons Cunits Tons Cunits Tons 1 25 42 20 33 3 6 53 87 52 87 154 254 2 32 55 171 298 134 234 64 112 19 34 421 734 3 2 4 19 30 47 74 54 86 10 16 132 209 4 12 18 107 161 38 58 10 15 2 3 168 255 5 1 1 209 213 141 144 72 74 30 30 453 462 6 12 26 20 42 351 738 400 842 25 53 809 1,701 7 15 29 117 222 792 1,506 363 689 210 400 1,497 2,845 8 32 64 144 289 70 140 305 610 15 29 566 1,131 132 239 806 1,288 1,577 2,899 1,321 2,514 364 652 4,200 7,592 0-10 Miles 10-20 Miles 20-30 Miles 30-40 Miles 40-50 Miles Totals Stratum Cunits Tons Cunits Tons Cunits Tons Cunits Tons Cunits Tons Cunits Tons 1 3 5 12 20 25 42 7 12 16 26 64 105 2 0 0 28 50 17 30 51 89 205 357 301 525 3 1 2 27 43 2 3 3 4 39 61 72 114 4 0 0 5 8 2 3 13 20 126 190 146 221 5 2 2 23 23 1 1 5 5 289 295 320 326 6 105 220 264 556 71 150 18 38 187 394 645 1,357 7 83 158 254 482 21 40 32 62 387 735 777 1,477 8 20 40 181 362 115 230 35 70 128 255 479 958 215 428 794 1,543 254 498 165 300 1,375 2,314 2,803 5,082 Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate 36 Figure 13. Cumulative volume availability by radii to Glennallen. Figure 14. Cumulative volume availability by radii to Kenny Lake. Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate 37 Figure 15. Supply curve for fuelwood in cords to Glennallen. Figure 16. Supply curve for fuelwood in green tons to Glennallen. Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate 38 Figure 17. Supply curve for fuelwood in cords to Kenny Lake. Figure 18. Supply curve for fuelwood in green tons to Kenny Lake. Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate 39 VII. LITERATURE CITED Ashton, S., L. McDonell, and K. Barnes. 2008. Woody biomass desk guide and toolkit. National Association of Conservation Districts. U.S. Department of Interior and the USDA Forest Service. 118p. Husch, B., T.W. Beers, J.A. Kershaw. 2002. Forest Mensuration, Fourth Edition. John Wiley and Sons. Smith, B., P.D. Miles, C.H. Perry, S.A. Pugh. 2007. Forest Resources of the United States, 2007. USDA Forest Service. Sturgeon, J. 1979. Wood as a fuel. Series No. R10-40. USDA Forest Service Alaska Region. Swanson, D.K. 1996. Susceptibility of permafrost soils to deep thaw after forest fires in interior Alaska, U.S.A. and some ecologic implications. Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research. 28(2): 217-227. Viereck, L.A., C.T. Dyrness, A.R. Batten, K.J. Wenzlick. 1992. The Alaska vegetation classification. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-286. Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. Yarie, J., E. Kane, M. Mack. 2007. Aboveground biomass equations for the trees of interior Alaska. University of Alaska Fairbanks. AFES Bulletin 115. Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate A-1 Appendix A Volume Per Acre and Total Volume by Stratum, Species and Size Class Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate A-2 Stratum 1 White Spruce Sawtimber Acreage = 6,756 Trees/ BA/ Gross Net Gross Net Gross Net Total Total Total Total Total Total Ac Ac CF/ CF/ Tons/ Tons/ BF/ BF/ Gross Net Gross Net Gross Net Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac CF CF Tons Tons BF BF Aspen Saw Live 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 0 0 0 0 27,406 13,703 Species Totals 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 0 0 0 0 27,406 13,703 Balsam Poplar Saw Live 1 1 13 10 0 0 25 21 88,120 68,660 1,895 1,476 169,489 139,703 Species Totals 1 1 13 10 0 0 25 21 88,120 68,660 1,895 1,476 169,489 139,703 Black Spruce Pole Live 6 1 9 9 0 0 62,258 59,358 1,058 1,009 Species Totals 6 1 9 9 0 0 62,258 59,358 1,058 1,009 White Spruce Saw Dead 19 14 315 253 5 4 1,376 1,084 2,126,561 1,710,649 36,152 29,081 9,296,153 7,324,679 Pole Live 97 26 431 420 7 7 2,912,468 2,837,792 49,512 48,242 Pole Dead 28 8 124 97 2 2 835,589 652,897 14,205 11,099 Saw Live 66 42 929 891 16 15 3,935 3,772 6,279,970 6,020,914 106,759 102,356 26,585,020 25,486,309 Species Totals 210 91 1,799 1,661 31 28 5,311 4,856 12,154,588 11,222,252 206,628 190,778 35,881,173 32,810,988 Strata Totals 218 93 1,821 1,680 31 29 5,340 4,879 12,304,965 11,350,270 209,581 193,264 36,078,068 32,964,395 Stratum 2 White Spruce Poletimber Closed Acreage = 20,637 Balsam Poplar Pole Live 0 0 4 1 0 0 73,218 18,304 1,574 394 Saw Live 2 2 31 28 1 1 129 116 645,907 581,316 13,887 12,498 2,667,625 2,400,863 Species Totals 2 2 35 29 1 1 129 116 719,124 599,620 15,461 12,892 2,667,625 2,400,863 Black Spruce Saw Live 0 0 3 2 0 0 14 11 57,917 41,722 985 709 281,153 224,922 Pole Dead 6 1 15 14 0 0 306,975 288,667 5,219 4,907 Pole Live 39 8 81 78 1 1 1,674,196 1,604,515 28,461 27,277 Species Totals 45 9 99 94 2 2 14 11 2,039,088 1,934,904 34,664 32,893 281,153 224,922 White Spruce Pole Live 153 37 514 509 9 9 10,613,252 10,508,418 180,425 178,643 Saw Dead 12 8 157 149 3 3 631 604 3,239,586 3,067,961 55,073 52,155 13,021,917 12,473,360 Saw Live 33 19 422 414 7 7 1,766 1,729 8,707,599 8,533,795 148,029 145,075 36,453,452 35,683,715 Pole Dead 14 4 50 49 1 1 1,035,865 1,007,843 17,610 17,133 Species Totals 212 68 1,143 1,120 19 19 2,397 2,334 23,596,301 23,118,018 401,137 393,006 49,475,369 48,157,075 Strata Totals 259 79 1,277 1,243 22 21 2,540 2,461 26,354,514 25,652,542 451,263 438,792 52,424,147 50,782,860 Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate A-3 Stratum 3 White Spruce Poletimber Open Acreage = 30,210 Trees/ BA/ Gross Net Gross Net Gross Net Total Total Total Total Total Total Ac Ac CF/ CF/ Tons/ Tons/ BF/ BF/ Gross Net Gross Net Gross Net Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac CF CF Tons Tons BF BF Black Spruce Pole Live 19 4 55 51 1 1 1,666,630 1,538,205 28,333 26,149 Species Totals 19 4 55 51 1 1 1,666,630 1,538,205 28,333 26,149 White Spruce Saw Live 23 18 393 376 7 6 1,725 1,650 11,871,722 11,344,273 201,819 192,853 52,112,939 49,852,971 Saw Dead 8 8 170 124 3 2 758 547 5,131,434 3,745,998 87,234 63,682 22,893,674 16,510,874 Pole Live 97 26 341 330 6 6 10,308,739 9,969,919 175,249 169,489 Pole Dead 13 5 80 74 1 1 2,414,382 2,240,895 41,044 38,095 Species Totals 142 57 984 904 17 15 2,483 2,197 29,726,277 27,301,086 505,347 464,118 75,006,612 66,363,845 Strata Totals 162 61 1,039 955 18 16 2,483 2,197 31,392,907 28,839,291 533,679 490,268 75,006,612 66,363,845 Stratum 4 Black & White Spruce Reproduction ClosedAcreage = 10,220 Black Spruce Pole Live 158 27 233 224 4 4 2,377,726 2,291,060 40,421 38,948 Species Totals 158 27 233 224 4 4 2,377,726 2,291,060 40,421 38,948 White Spruce Pole Live 34 8 92 88 2 1 939,167 900,278 15,966 15,305 Saw Live 0 1 18 18 0 0 78 78 184,010 184,010 3,128 3,128 798,249 798,249 Species Totals 34 9 110 106 2 2 78 78 1,123,177 1,084,288 19,094 18,433 798,249 798,249 Strata Totals 192 36 343 330 6 6 78 78 3,500,902 3,375,348 59,515 57,381 798,249 798,249 Stratum 5 Black & White Spruce Reproduction Open Acreage = 94,794 Black Spruce Pole Live 14 2 12 12 0 0 1,130,595 1,130,595 19,220 19,220 Species Totals 14 2 12 12 0 0 1,130,595 1,130,595 19,220 19,220 White Spruce Pole Live 23 5 60 60 1 1 5,676,144 5,676,144 96,494 96,494 Saw Live 5 3 43 26 1 0 199 119 4,082,890 2,449,734 69,409 41,645 18,830,040 11,298,024 Species Totals 28 8 103 86 2 1 199 119 9,759,034 8,125,878 165,904 138,140 18,830,040 11,298,024 Strata Totals 41 10 115 98 2 2 199 119 10,889,629 9,256,473 185,124 157,360 18,830,040 11,298,024 Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate A-4 Stratum 6 Aspen Poletimber Acreage = 11,738 Trees/ BA/ Gross Net Gross Net Gross Net Total Total Total Total Total Total Ac Ac CF/ CF/ Tons/ Tons/ BF/ BF/ Gross Net Gross Net Gross Net Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac CF CF Tons Tons BF BF Aspen Saw Live 27 13 188 180 4 4 395 383 2,204,397 2,115,318 47,395 45,479 4,632,947 4,500,628 Pole Live 258 56 818 796 18 17 9,597,461 9,343,289 206,345 200,881 Species Totals 285 69 1,005 976 22 21 395 383 11,801,858 11,458,607 253,740 246,360 4,632,947 4,500,628 Balsam Poplar Pole Live 3 1 8 0 0 0 93,705 937 2,015 20 Species Totals 3 1 8 0 0 0 93,705 937 2,015 20 White Spruce Saw Live 10 6 105 105 2 2 463 463 1,234,291 1,234,291 20,983 20,983 5,431,381 5,431,381 Pole Live 36 11 159 155 3 3 1,871,499 1,817,778 31,815 30,902 Species Totals 46 17 265 260 4 4 463 463 3,105,790 3,052,069 52,798 51,885 5,431,381 5,431,381 Strata Totals 334 87 1,278 1,236 26 25 857 846 15,001,353 14,511,613 308,553 298,265 10,064,328 9,932,009 Stratum 7 White Spruce Aspen Poletimber Acreage = 33,822 Aspen Pole Live 55 16 291 290 6 6 9,828,210 9,806,933 211,307 210,849 Saw Live 9 4 59 54 1 1 107 95 1,980,575 1,816,029 42,582 39,045 3,618,148 3,221,334 Species Totals 64 20 349 344 8 7 107 95 11,808,784 11,622,962 253,889 249,894 3,618,148 3,221,334 Birch Pole Live 3 1 10 8 0 0 345,641 276,513 8,641 6,913 Saw Live 1 1 10 8 0 0 16 13 348,475 278,780 8,712 6,969 551,137 440,910 Species Totals 4 2 21 16 1 0 16 13 694,116 555,293 17,353 13,882 551,137 440,910 Black Spruce Pole Live 18 3 33 26 1 0 1,130,633 869,490 19,221 14,781 Pole Dead 7 2 23 21 0 0 770,936 693,842 13,106 11,795 Species Totals 25 5 56 46 1 1 1,901,569 1,563,332 32,327 26,577 White Spruce Saw Live 23 13 214 205 4 3 942 899 7,245,420 6,924,067 123,172 117,709 31,852,141 30,412,704 Pole Live 119 29 412 409 7 7 13,945,757 13,845,312 237,078 235,370 Species Totals 142 42 627 614 11 10 942 899 21,191,177 20,769,379 360,250 353,079 31,852,141 30,412,704 Strata Totals 235 68 1,052 1,020 20 19 1,065 1,007 35,595,646 34,510,967 663,818 643,432 36,021,425 34,074,948 Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate A-5 Stratum 8 White Spruce Balsam Poplar Acreage = 11,372 Trees/ BA/ Gross Net Gross Net Gross Net Total Total Total Total Total Total Ac Ac CF/ CF/ Tons/ Tons/ BF/ BF/ Gross Net Gross Net Gross Net Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac CF CF Tons Tons BF BF Aspen Pole Live 13 3 25 23 1 0 288,886 259,998 6,211 5,590 Species Totals 13 3 25 23 1 0 288,886 259,998 6,211 5,590 Balsam Poplar Saw Live 39 29 460 419 10 9 1,276 1,140 5,225,964 4,769,035 112,358 102,534 14,506,346 12,964,955 Pole Live 44 13 213 212 5 5 2,421,503 2,405,248 52,062 51,713 Species Totals 83 42 672 631 14 14 1,276 1,140 7,647,466 7,174,283 164,421 154,247 14,506,346 12,964,955 White Spruce Saw Live 3 3 64 60 1 1 279 263 729,444 686,556 12,401 11,671 3,176,093 2,992,709 Saw Dead 0 0 7 6 0 0 30 24 79,945 63,956 1,359 1,087 346,429 277,143 Pole Live 87 19 243 237 4 4 2,764,577 2,691,810 46,998 45,761 Species Totals 90 23 314 303 5 5 310 288 3,573,966 3,442,323 60,757 58,519 3,522,522 3,269,852 Strata Totals 185 68 1,012 956 20 19 1,585 1,428 11,510,319 10,876,603 231,389 218,357 18,028,869 16,234,807 146,550,235 Gross Cubic Feet 138,373,108 Net Cubic Feet Grand Totals = 219,550 Acres 247,251,739 Gross Board Feet 222,449,137 Net Board Feet Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate B-1 Appendix B Stand Tables Per Acre by Stratum and Species Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate B-2 DBH # of Trees BA Gross Net Gross Net Gross Net CF CF Tons Tons BF BF Stratum 1 White Spruce Sawtimber Acreage = 6,756 Aspen 9 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 Totals 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 Balsam Poplar 10 0 0 3 2 0 0 3 2 11 1 1 6 4 0 0 6 4 13 0 0 4 3 0 0 16 14 Totals 1 1 13 10 0 0 25 21 Black Spruce 5 1 0 1 1 0 0 6 5 1 8 8 0 0 Totals 6 1 9 9 0 0 White Spruce 5 16 2 22 22 0 0 6 29 6 73 71 1 1 7 40 11 177 166 3 3 8 28 10 181 167 3 3 9 34 16 321 301 5 5 841 801 10 30 16 350 325 6 6 1,441 1,337 11 13 9 197 181 3 3 843 769 12 10 8 186 176 3 3 819 781 13 5 5 125 97 2 2 572 440 14 2 3 80 79 1 1 378 376 15 2 3 48 43 1 1 223 194 16 2 2 38 32 1 1 194 157 Totals 210 91 1,799 1,661 31 28 5,311 4,856 Totals for stratum White Spruce Sawtimber 218 93 1,821 1,680 31 29 5,340 4,879 Stratum 2 White Spruce Poletimber Closed Acreage = 20,637 Balsam Poplar 13 1 1 14 10 0 0 40 36 15 0 1 10 9 0 0 43 39 16 0 1 10 9 0 0 46 41 Totals 2 2 35 29 1 1 129 116 Black Spruce 5 21 3 24 24 0 0 6 16 3 34 33 1 1 7 5 1 19 18 0 0 8 3 1 18 17 0 0 10 0 0 3 2 0 0 14 11 Totals 45 9 99 94 2 2 14 11 Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate B-3 DBH # of Trees BA Gross Net Gross Net Gross Net CF CF Tons Tons BF BF White Spruce 5 33 4 35 35 1 1 6 62 13 158 156 3 3 7 40 11 173 171 3 3 8 19 7 104 102 2 2 9 23 11 196 193 3 3 287 381 10 16 9 188 185 3 3 494 758 11 8 4 84 79 1 1 270 325 12 5 4 102 102 2 2 445 445 13 3 2 54 54 1 1 240 237 15 2 1 33 32 1 1 151 147 17 0 0 9 8 0 0 49 40 19 0 0 6 3 0 0 Totals 212 68 1,143 1,120 19 19 1,935 2,334 Totals for stratum White Spruce Poletimber Closed 259 79 1,277 1,243 22 21 2,078 2,461 Stratum 3 White Spruce Poletimber Open Acreage = 30,210 Black Spruce 5 8 1 9 8 0 0 6 4 1 12 11 0 0 7 6 2 21 20 0 0 8 2 1 14 12 0 0 Totals 19 4 55 51 1 1 White Spruce 5 22 4 28 27 0 0 6 24 5 54 52 1 1 7 25 7 96 92 2 2 8 29 10 160 155 3 3 9 16 7 133 128 2 2 200 199 10 6 3 61 52 1 1 262 223 11 3 2 49 47 1 1 209 199 12 7 5 115 109 2 2 502 476 13 4 4 74 64 1 1 315 269 14 2 2 43 40 1 1 192 180 15 2 2 52 49 1 1 237 224 16 1 1 18 9 0 0 86 41 17 1 1 26 18 0 0 121 86 18 1 1 21 10 0 0 98 46 19 0 1 16 15 0 0 75 69 23 0 1 19 18 0 0 92 91 24 0 1 19 19 0 0 93 92 Totals 142 57 984 904 17 15 2,483 2,197 Totals for stratum White Spruce Poletimber Open 162 61 1,039 955 18 16 2,483 2,197 Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate B-4 DBH # of Trees BA Gross Net Gross Net Gross Net CF CF Tons Tons BF BF Stratum 4 Black & White Spruce Reproduction ClosedAcreage = 10,220 Black Spruce 5 108 16 105 101 2 2 6 33 6 64 61 1 1 7 12 3 41 40 1 1 8 5 2 23 22 0 0 Totals 158 27 233 224 4 4 White Spruce 6 21 4 40 38 1 1 7 13 4 48 46 1 1 8 0 0 4 4 0 0 10 0 1 18 18 0 0 78 78 Totals 34 9 110 106 2 2 78 78 Totals for stratum Black & White Spruce Reproduction Closed 192 36 343 330 6 6 78 78 Stratum 5 Black & White Spruce Reproduction Open Acreage = 94,794 Black Spruce 5 14 2 12 12 0 0 Totals 14 2 12 12 0 0 White Spruce 6 12 2 18 18 0 0 7 7 2 25 25 0 0 8 4 1 17 17 0 0 10 5 3 43 26 1 0 199 119 Totals 28 8 103 86 2 1 199 119 Totals for stratum Black & White Spruce Reproduction Open 41 10 115 98 2 2 199 119 Stratum 6 Aspen Poletimber Acreage = 11,738 Aspen 5 91 13 162 160 3 3 6 83 16 211 206 5 4 7 51 14 228 221 5 5 8 27 10 176 167 4 4 9 17 7 116 110 2 2 95 88 10 12 4 47 45 1 1 74 72 11 5 3 58 58 1 1 188 186 12 0 0 8 8 0 0 38 37 Totals 285 69 1,005 976 22 21 395 383 Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate B-5 DBH # of Trees BA Gross Net Gross Net Gross Net CF CF Tons Tons BF BF Balsam Poplar 8 3 1 8 0 0 0 Totals 3 1 8 0 0 0 White Spruce 5 3 0 0 0 0 0 6 7 1 14 14 0 0 7 5 1 26 25 0 0 8 14 5 73 71 1 1 9 9 4 60 58 1 1 53 53 10 2 1 17 17 0 0 74 74 11 5 2 24 24 0 0 107 107 13 2 2 31 31 1 1 137 137 15 1 1 20 20 0 0 92 92 Totals 46 17 265 260 4 4 463 463 Totals for stratum Aspen Poletimber 334 87 1,278 1,236 26 25 857 846 Stratum 7 White Spruce Aspen Poletimber Acreage = 33,822 Aspen 6 24 5 83 83 2 2 7 12 3 64 64 1 1 8 15 5 109 109 2 2 9 8 4 66 65 1 1 39 39 10 4 2 28 23 1 0 68 56 Totals 64 20 349 344 8 7 107 95 Birch 7 3 1 10 8 0 0 9 1 1 10 8 0 0 16 13 Totals 4 2 21 16 1 0 16 13 Black Spruce 5 7 1 4 4 0 0 6 3 1 4 4 0 0 7 15 4 48 39 1 1 Totals 25 5 56 46 1 1 White Spruce 5 12 2 17 17 0 0 6 59 12 143 141 2 2 7 34 9 139 138 2 2 8 11 4 75 75 1 1 9 10 5 83 75 1 1 277 239 10 5 2 40 40 1 1 178 178 11 5 3 48 48 1 1 209 209 12 6 4 60 60 1 1 179 179 13 1 1 22 21 0 0 99 94 Totals 142 42 627 614 11 10 942 899 Totals for stratum White Spruce Aspen Poletimber 235 68 1,052 1,020 20 19 1,065 1,007 Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate B-6 DBH # of Trees BA Gross Net Gross Net Gross Net CF CF Tons Tons BF BF Stratum 8 White Spruce Balsam Poplar Acreage = 11,372 Aspen 6 7 2 13 12 0 0 7 6 2 12 11 0 0 Totals 13 3 25 23 1 0 Balsam Poplar 6 17 3 29 29 1 1 7 4 1 24 23 1 0 8 15 5 85 84 2 2 9 19 9 139 136 3 3 21 20 10 15 8 138 134 3 3 185 183 11 7 5 98 92 2 2 244 235 12 2 2 41 34 1 1 157 146 13 2 3 55 52 1 1 220 212 14 2 4 48 32 1 1 253 178 17 1 2 15 13 0 0 195 167 Totals 83 42 672 631 14 14 1,276 1,140 White Spruce 5 29 4 35 35 1 1 6 36 7 86 86 1 1 7 8 2 28 27 0 0 8 11 4 74 70 1 1 9 3 1 20 18 0 0 11 1 1 22 19 0 0 98 84 12 2 1 28 27 0 0 120 118 13 0 0 7 6 0 0 30 24 14 0 1 14 14 0 0 61 61 Totals 90 23 314 303 5 5 310 288 Totals for stratum White Spruce Balsam Poplar 185 68 1,012 956 20 19 1,585 1,428 Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate C-1 Appendix C Log Grade by Stratum Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate C-2 Puget Sound Log Scaling and Grading Bureau Specifications Species Grade No. Gross Diameter Gross Length Minimum Volume Surface Annual Ring Count Slope of Grain White/Black Spruce 1 20 Inches 16 Feet 75% Clear 8 per Inch < 3 inches/foot 2 12 Inches 12 Feet 50% Clear, Knots < 2.5 inches in diameter 8 per Inch < 2 inches/foot 3 6 Inches 12 Feet 50 BF Net May include excessive slope with deduction 4 5 Inches 12 Feet 10 BF Net Aspen/Birch 1 16 Inches 8 Feet 75% Clear 2 12 Inches 8 Feet 50% Clear 3 10 Inches 8 Feet 10 BF Net Balsam Poplar 1 10 Inches 8 Feet < 4 Knots per log 2 6 Inches 8 Feet 4 5 Inches 8 Feet 10 BF Net All Species 5 4 Inches 12 Feet 10 BF Net Utility Logs Logs do not meet sawmill grades, but are suitable for the production of firm usable chips to an amount not less than 50% of gross scale. A log that is burned or charred or is not mechanically barkable, shall not qualify as a Utility Log. Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate C-3 Log Grade Report by Strata Grade 1st Log Grade 2nd Log # Of Trees Measured % Of Trees Measured Stratum 1 White Spruce Sawtimber Aspen 5 5 1 100% Total for Aspen 1 Balsam Poplar 5 5 3 100% Total for Balsam Poplar 3 White Spruce 4 3% 2 3 2 2% 3 3 2 2% 3 4 13 11% 3 5 1 1% 4 1 1% 4 4 67 57% 4 5 19 16% 5 1 1% 5 5 8 7% Total for White Spruce 118 Total for Stratum 1 122 Stratum 2 White Spruce Poletimber Closed Balsam Poplar 2 5 2 67% 5 5 1 33% Total for Balsam Poplar 3 Black Spruce 5 5 1 100% Total for Black Spruce 1 White Spruce 3 6% 2 4 1 2% 2 5 1 2% 3 3 1 2% 3 4 9 19% 4 4 24 51% 4 5 6 13% 5 5 2 4% Total for White Spruce 47 Total for Stratum 2 51 Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate C-4 Grade 1st Log Grade 2nd Log # Of Trees Measured % Of Trees Measured Stratum 3 White Spruce Poletimber Open White Spruce 1 3% 2 3 2 5% 3 3 1 3% 3 4 4 10% 3 5 3 8% 4 1 3% 4 4 18 45% 4 5 7 18% 5 1 3% 5 5 2 5% Total for White Spruce 40 Total for Stratum 3 40 Stratum 4 Black & White Spruce Reproduction Closed White Spruce 3 4 1 50% 4 5 1 50% Total for White Spruce 2 Total for Stratum 4 2 Stratum 5 Black & White Spruce Reproduction Open White Spruce 5 1 50% 5 5 1 50% Total for White Spruce 2 Total for Stratum 5 2 Stratum 6 Aspen Poletimber Aspen 4 1 7% 4 4 10 67% 4 5 4 27% Total for Aspen 15 White Spruce 2 3 1 14% 3 4 1 14% 4 4 5 71% Total for White Spruce 7 Total for Stratum 6 22 Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate C-5 Grade 1st Log Grade 2nd Log # Of Trees Measured % Of Trees Measured Stratum 7 White Spruce Aspen Poletimber Aspen 4 1 25% 4 5 2 50% 5 5 1 25% Total for Aspen 4 Birch 4 4 1 100% Total for Birch 1 White Spruce 4 1 9% 4 4 6 55% 4 5 3 27% 5 1 9% Total for White Spruce 11 Total for Stratum 7 16 Stratum 8 White Spruce Balsam Poplar Balsam Poplar 1 2 7 15% 1 4 1 2% 2 2 11 23% 2 3 5 11% 2 4 8 17% 2 5 5 11% 4 1 2% 4 4 1 2% 4 5 1 2% 5 5 7 15% Total for Balsam Poplar 47 White Spruce 3 4 2 33% 4 4 1 17% 5 5 3 50% Total for White Spruce 6 Total for Stratum 8 53 Grand Total Trees Measured 308 Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate D-1 Appendix D Diameter/Height Relationships, Ten Year Growth, and Bark Thickness Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate D-2 "e" is a numerical constant that is equal to 2.71828 The corresponding Excel equation appears as follows: Height = A Coefficient*POWER (e, B Coefficient/dbh) Species A Coefficient B Coefficient C Coefficient White Spruce 89.28 -4.9598 1 Black Spruce 67.86 -4.0686 1 Aspen 56.78 -1.4744 1 Balsam Poplar 85.23 -4.7001 1 Forest Resources on State Forest Lands In The Copper River Basin A Preliminary Estimate D-3 Ten Year Radial Growth and Bark Thickness by Species Species Radial Growth (In.) Single Bark Thickness (In.) Aspen (47 detail records) Average= 0.36 0.35 Balsam Poplar (38 detail records) Average= 0.27 1.13 Birch (2 detail records) Average= 0.27 0.40 Black Spruce (35 detail records) Average= 0.08 0.39 White Spruce (303 detail records) Average= 0.28 0.41 Bark Thickness Ratio by Species DBH DIB* Bark Thickness Ratio Aspen (47 detail records) Sum= 366.20 333.20 0.910 Balsam Poplar (38 detail records) Sum= 450.70 365.00 0.810 Birch (2 detail records) Sum= 16.80 15.20 0.905 Black Spruce (35 detail records) Sum= 222.10 195.00 0.878 White Spruce (303 detail records) Sum= 2,878.90 2,632.10 0.914 Grand Total Sum= 3,934.70 3,540.50 0.900 Average All Species *DIB = Diameter Inside Bark