HomeMy WebLinkAbout150911-FalsePassHydrologyMemopolarconsult alaska, inc.
1503 West 33rd Avenue, Suite 310
Anchorage, Alaska 99503-3638
Phone: (907) 258-2420
FAX: (907) 258-2419
L ETTER R EPORT
150911-FALSEPASSHYDROLOGYMEMO.DOC
DATE: September 11, 2015
TO: Bob Christensen, Living Systems Design, LLC
FROM: Joel Groves, P.E.
SUBJECT: Preliminary Hydrology Estimate for Hydropower Development at Unga Man and
Waterfall Creeks near False Pass, AK
CC:
Unga Man Creek and Waterfall Creek (the “subject creeks”) are under consideration for
hydropower development to provide electricity to the community of False Pass. Available
hydrology data from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) was reviewed to provide preliminary
estimates of seasonal stream flow at Unga Man and Waterfall Creeks near False Pass, Alaska
(Figure 1). Available hydrology data for the region is scarce, and is only suitable for preparing a
broad range of estimated seasonal hydrology at the subject creeks. Data from stream gauges
installed at the subject creeks in August 2015 will be critical for assessing the feasibility of these
resources for hydropower development.
Figure 1: Location Map showing Unga Man and Waterfall Creeks
P OLARCONSULT L ETTER R EPORT
P RELIMINARY E STIMATE OF H YDROLOGY FOR U NGA MAN C REEK NEAR F ALSE P ASS, AK
September 11, 2015 Page 2 of 5
1. Available Regional Hydrology Data
Hydrology along the Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands varies significantly with basin
location, topography, and orientation, with basins on the Bering Sea side of the peninsula and
islands usually being significantly drier than basins facing the Pacific Ocean. Figure 3 is a detail
of a USGS map of mean annual precipitation in Alaska, and illustrates the significant difference
in precipitation that can occur over short distances in this region.
There are four USGS‐gauged basins in the general vicinity of False Pass – two in Cold Bay,
approximately 40 miles to the northeast, and two in Sand Point, approximately 130 miles to the
east‐northeast (Figure 2). Hydrology data also exists for hydropower projects in Atka, Chignik
Bay, and Chignik Lagoon (Figure 2), however these sites are significantly farther from False Pass,
and are expected to be less predictive of hydrology at the subject creeks.
Available USGS stations and data in the general vicinity of False Pass are listed in Table 1.
Table 1: Available USGS Gauging Stations near False Pass, Alaska
Creek Name Stapp Ck1 Russell Ck Whiskey Bills Ck Humboldt Ck
Nearest Community Cold Bay Cold Bay Sand Point Sand Point
USGS Gauge ID 15297609 15297610 15297602 15297603
Mean Annual
Precipitation (inches, see
Figure 3)
~50 ~50 ~70 ~70
Location relative to False
Pass
40 miles
NE 40 miles NE 130 miles ENE 130 miles ENE
Basin Description
Basin in
low-lying
terrain with
no
prominent
topography
along basin
divide.
East-facing basin in
mostly low-lying
terrain. Basin rises
from tidewater at
east to alpine along
western edge of
basin with 4,000+ ft
peaks. Several
small lakes present.
West-facing
basin in low-
lying terrain.
Basin rises from
tidewater to 335
ft. along
northeasterly
divide.
Northwest facing basin in
mostly low-lying terrain.
Basin rises from tidewater
at northwest to 1,070 ft
summit on ridge along
south-southeast divide.
Significant swampy area
in low lands.
Gauged Basin Area
(sqmi) 1.68 30.9 0.3 5.2
Gauge Elevation 150 7.65 80 55
Record start date 10/16/2000 10/1/1981 8/11/1983 8/10/1983
Record end date 7/16/2015 8/26/2015 3/19/1984 3/19/1984
Record Period (yrs) 14.8 25.1 0.6 0.6
Daily Record Count 52 9,157 221 222
Total Record, Years 0.1 33.9 0.6 0.6
1. No data logger installed, only instantaneous flow measurements.
Of these four USGS gauges, only Russell Creek near Cold Bay has a continuous record suitable
for developing preliminary estimates of long‐term stream flow statistics at the subject creeks.
The other three USGS gauges have very short or incomplete records that are minimally useful
for estimating hydrology statistics at the subject creeks. Whiskey Bills and Humboldt Creeks
each have under a year of record, and Stapp Creek only has 52 discrete flow measurements
taken over a 15‐year period. Annualized normalized stream flows for these four USGS gauges
are presented in Figure 4.
P OLARCONSULT L ETTER R EPORT
P RELIMINARY E STIMATE OF H YDROLOGY FOR U NGA MAN C REEK NEAR F ALSE P ASS, AK
September 11, 2015 Page 3 of 5
Figure 2: Stream Gauging Stations in Project Vicinity
Figure 3: Mean Annual Precipitation in Project Vicinity
COLD BAY
(Russell Creek,
Stapp Creek)
FALSE PASS
(subject creeks)
SAND POINT
(Whiskey Bills Creek,
Humboldt Creek)
ATKA
CHIGNIK AREA
Inset of Plate 2, USGS Publication WRIR 93.4179.
Contours show average annual precipitation in inches.
COLD BAY
FALSE PASS
SAND POINT
CHIGNIK BAY
CHIGNIK LAGOON
P OLARCONSULT L ETTER R EPORT
P RELIMINARY E STIMATE OF H YDROLOGY FOR U NGA MAN C REEK NEAR F ALSE P ASS, AK
September 11, 2015 Page 4 of 5
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecNormalized Basin Discharge(cubic feet per second per square mile)Russell Ck
WhiskeyBills
Humboldt Ck
Stapp Ck
Figure 4 shows normalized seasonal streamflow for the four available USGS gauged basins.
Figure 4: Normalized Average Seasonal Stream Flow at USGS‐Gauged Basins
The hydrology record for Russell Creek shows average flows from June through November are
approximately 7 to 11 cubic feet per second (cfs) per square mile, and from December through
May are approximately at 3 to 5 cfs per square mile.
Hydrology records for Whiskey Bills Creek, Stapp Creek, and Humboldt Creek each show similar
average winter flows as Russell Creek, but significantly lower summer flows in the range of 1 to
3 cfs per square mile. Because of the short (single‐year) period of record at Whiskey Bills and
Humboldt Creeks, there are insufficient data to conclude that these records are characteristic
for these creeks. However, the series of discrete flow measurements over 15 years at Stapp
Creek is consistent with the low summer flows at Whiskey Bills and Humboldt Creeks,
suggesting the limited data at those two stations may be representative of hydrology for those
basins.
It is hypothesized that the different seasonal hydrology characteristics observed at Russell
Creek versus at Whiskey Bills, Stapp, and Humboldt Creeks can be attributed to the fact that the
Russell Creek basin has a significant alpine basin divide that can better collect and store rain
and snow, sustaining higher flows through the summer season through snowmelt. The other
creek basins are generally low‐lying basins that lack this high‐altitude terrain and resulting
storage capacity. Humboldt Creek does have some alpine headwaters within the basin, but the
basin may be located in a rain shadow due to its northwest‐facing orientation.
P OLARCONSULT L ETTER R EPORT
P RELIMINARY E STIMATE OF H YDROLOGY FOR U NGA MAN C REEK NEAR F ALSE P ASS, AK
September 11, 2015 Page 5 of 5
2. Preliminary Estimate of Hydrology at Subject Creeks
Unga Man Creek shares certain basin characteristics with Russell Creek that suggest it may have
similar hydrology as Russell Creek. These characteristics include an east‐facing basin
orientation and alpine terrain along the basin divide. The other three gauged basins are
predominately low‐lying basins that lack or have limited alpine terrain.
Based on the limited available information, it is reasonable for preliminary planning purposes to
assume that Unga Man Creek hydrology is similar to Russell Creek hydrology, adjusted for
relative basin areas. Collection of actual flow data at Unga Man Creek will be critical for
validating this assumption.
Waterfall Creek also has an east‐facing alpine basin. It may therefore also have similar
hydrology as Russell Creek, adjusted for relative basin areas. Collection of actual flow data at
Waterfall Creek will be critical for validating this assumption.
Table 2 summarizes the drainage basins for the subject creeks and provides preliminary
estimates of seasonal flow for each creek. The wide range of the estimate encompasses the
range of apparent seasonal hydrology patterns represented in the four gauged basins listed in
Table 1. As described above, available data favors the higher‐range of the estimates, but there
is insufficient available data to rule out the lower range of the estimate at either of the subject
creeks.
Table 2: Basin Data and Preliminary Hydrology Estimates for Subject Creeks
Creek Name Unga Man Creek Waterfall Creek
Nearest Community False Pass False Pass
Mean Annual Precipitation (inches, see Figure 3) ~60 ~60
Location relative to False Pass 1 mile S 1.5 mile NNW
Basin Description
East-facing lowland
basin with glaciated
alpine divides to
north, west, and
south. Divide
elevation of 1,000
to 2,800+ ft.
East-facing alpine
basin on side of
mountain. Rises from
tidewater on east to
1,000+ ft. on western
divide. Some less
steep slopes in alpine
areas.
Proposed Project Basin Area (square miles) (note 1) 3.14 ~0.3
Proposed Diversion Elevation (feet above sea level) ~200 ~400
Preliminary Estimated Range of Normalized Mean Flow,
June – Nov. (cfs per square mile) 1 to 10 1 to 10
Preliminary Estimated Range of Normalized Mean Flow,
Dec. – May (cfs per square mile) 1 to 5 1 to 5
Preliminary Estimated Stream Flow, June to November 3 to 30 0.3 to 3
Preliminary Estimated Stream Flow, December to May 3 to 15 0.3 to 1.5
Preliminary Estimate of Annual Average Stream Flow 3 to 25 0.3 to 2.5
Note 1: Basin data compiled from Renewable Energy Resource Assessment for the Communities of Cold Bay, False
Pass, and Nelson Lagoon, YourCleanEnergy, LLC, May 18, 2010.