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Home My WebLink AboutNJUS ESS Modeling For Wind-Diesel, Rev2, Saft America - Feb 19, 2019TTG-AE-SR 2019021857 Nome Joint Utility Services ESS Modeling for Wind-Diesel System Date: February 19, 2019 Project #: 20180703JMcD Rev 2 By: Jax Application Engineering ESS Business Unit, TTG This document contains information that is proprietary to Saft America Inc. The recipient may disclose this document only to third parties who are directly assisting with this RFP, solely for the purpose of obtaining their assistance during the selection process and during contract negotiations. Any other disclosure shall require the prior written consent of Saft America Inc. TTG Application Engineering February 18, 2019 TTG-AE-SR 2019021857 This document contains information that is proprietary to Saft America Inc. Page 2 of 23 Change History REV Date Change Description By - Initial JMcD 1 20180907 Modified diesel dispatch parameters JMcD 2 20190220 Incorporated dispatchable heater; added load-level control concept JMcD Contents Change History ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Contents ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Background ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3 Available wind production ......................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Historical curtailment ................................................................................................................................................................................ 3 Dispatchable water heater......................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Load levels ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5 Model parameters ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Methodology.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 6 Simulation results ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Annex 1: Simulation graphs ....................................................................................................................................................................... 8 TTG Application Engineering February 18, 2019 TTG-AE-SR 2019021857 This document contains information that is proprietary to Saft America Inc. Page 3 of 23 Background The purpose of this analysis is to assess potential savings in wind curtailment from use of an energy storage system (ESS) to work in concert with existing diesel plant for NJUS. The diesels operated by NJUS are as follows: Unit Description Year Installed Rating / Size Min Load **kWh/gal Remarks 12 Cat#3616 1991 3,660 2,200 15.9 Old Plant - infrequently used 14 Cat#3516B-LS 1999 1,875 1,200 14 Old Plant - infrequently used 15 Wartsila#12V32B 2005 5,211 2,800 15.6 primary generator 16 Wartsila#12V32B 2005 5,211 2,800 15.7 primary generator 18a Cat#3456B (blackstart) 2005 400 240 < 15 have used in concert with others at peak times. ** The kWh/gal info was gleaned from operation load logs and represents a day of use or part of a day of use (12/14). Information provided by NJUS for startup times is as follows: #12 if not run for a while needs to be blown down first, which takes about ten minutes, then ten minutes warm up before going on line, then another fifteen minutes to get up to operating temp before going to ISOCH and leading the parade. [Note – for the purpose of this analysis, it is assumed that #12 will be operated quite frequently, avoiding the need for blow down.] #14 has no blow down feature so it warms up for six and a half minutes before going on line. It should get ten minutes at 500 kw to get the temps up before loading it up. #14 would be capable of running in ISOCH if there were enough wind and battery power to leave 1300 kw for it to carry so it has room to follow the load. #15 and #16 need five minutes to make sure all pumps are running and has sufficient start air. Then five minutes running at fifty percent load to warm up before shutting the other engine off. A minimum run time of 4 hours is used for both the Wartsila and CAT #12 units. This necessitates supplementation of #12 with #18a during periods of falling wind output or rising load. The minimum run time for #18a has been set at 1 hour. Available wind production Monthly 10-second data for 2016 was provided by NJUS for wind speed and output for each of their two EWT DW 52 900 kW wind turbines, plus total load. The output figures are after curtailment, so the available production was calculated from the wind speed using the DW 52 output curve. To accurately reflect turbine outages and to avoid ‘negative curtailment,’ if the actual turbine output was less than or equal to zero (turbine offline) or was higher than the calculated output (due to some data scattering), the actual output was used in place of the calculated figure. The normal operation for NJUS is to run with one of the Wartsila units and to curtail wind output to keep the diesel operating at the minimum level of 2.8 MW. The simulations described below use one of the smaller CAT units along with an ESS to provide spinning reserve/ridethrough power for wind fluctuations. Historical curtailment For each month the actual output was compared to the calculated output to establish the level of curtailment. The following table provides the total curtailment by month: TTG Application Engineering February 18, 2019 TTG-AE-SR 2019021857 This document contains information that is proprietary to Saft America Inc. Page 4 of 23 Month Curtailment (MWh) Comments Jan 131.7 EWT1 offline for most of month EWT2 curtailed for significant period Feb 53.4 Significant offline periods for both EWTs Mar 17.7 EWT1 offline for full month Apr 59.5 EWT1 offline for full month May 77.5 EWT1 offline for full month Jun 60.9 EWT1 offline for full month Jul 43.7 EWT1 offline for full month Aug 75.6 EWT1 offline for half the month Sep 196.8 Oct 380.8 Nov 138.0 Offline periods for both EWTs Dec 93.9 Offline periods for both EWTs The September data was used to validate the Saft models, since this was a month with both turbines fully operational. The Saft diesel-only model was run using one of the Wartsila units with the calculated wind power and no ESS, and recorded approximately 540,000 liters of fuel consumed and 205 MWh of curtailment. This curtailment is consistent with the 197 MWh figure using actual wind output. Having validated the diesel-only curtailment model, it was decided to recalculate the available wind output for both turbines for the entire year. The new values are based on wind speed only and are not modified according to actual output. The original Saft model for this analysis was based on a single diesel being used for an entire month: either CAT #12 (augmented by CAT #18a as needed), or one of the Wartsila units (#15 or #16). Because of the low level of available fuel savings in the winter months, the diesel dispatch was made more dynamic, as a function of the smoothed load. Load smoothing was carried out by calculating the difference between the current load and the smoothed value, applying a smoothing factor to that difference, and adding the result to the smoothed value. The chart below illustrates this principle, based on a smoothing factor of 3% for each 10- second load change. The same smoothing factor was applied to the wind output. TTG Application Engineering February 18, 2019 TTG-AE-SR 2019021857 This document contains information that is proprietary to Saft America Inc. Page 5 of 23 The dispatch rules are as follows: •If CAT #12 is running and the smoothed value of load minus wind exceeds 4000 kW, switch to Wartsila •If a Wartsila unit is running and the smoothed value of load minus wind drops below 3700 kW, switch to CAT #12 Dispatchable water heater With input from NJUS the model was modified to add a multi-stage dispatchable water heater. After review of wind curtailment history NJUS chose a heater with 8 elements of 100 kW. This has been implemented in the model with a dwell time of 2 minutes. The number of elements, power of each element and dwell time are all variable that can be the subject of a sensitivity analysis. Load levels The dispatch strategy for the modeling follows a concept of load levels. The four levels used are described in the following table: The water heater is dispatched as a function of battery SOC: Model parameters Simulations were run with a single Saft Intensium Max +20M (G2). All simulations are based on an aged battery at 80% of rated energy. Standard model parameters were as follows: % parameters for Matlab/Simulink model SAFT_mod_dTime=0.5; % in s simulation step time p_cell=2*17*1; s_cell=7*28; initSOC=50; % en % initSOCabs=initSOC; init_cell_Temp=22; % in °C ext_temp=22; InitAgeC=0.8; InitAgeR=2; Wind Diesel running Freq control by Electric heater Step up when Step down when Comments Not enough #15 or #16 Diesel No N/A Load* < 3800kW Delay step-down and run heater if necessary to reach min run time Not enough #12 Diesel No Load* > 4100kW or SOC < 30% ESS chg > 800kW or SOC > 70% ESS discharged via AGC as needed to keep diesel at 3660kW ESS charged via AGC as needed to keep diesel at 2200kW Supplement with #18 as needed to reach min run time Excess #12 ESS According to SOC Boiler off and SOC < 60% Boiler at max and SOC > 90% #12 output fixed at 2200kW See separate table for heater vs. SOC settings Large excess #12 ESS Max output SOC < 86%N/A #12 output fixed at 2200kW Wind curtailed to maintain SOC at 90% Heater power (kW) Step up at SOC Step down at SOC 0 67% 61% 100 70% 64% 200 73% 67% 300 76% 70% 400 79% 73% 500 82% 76% 600 85% 79% 700 88% 82% 800 91% 85% TTG Application Engineering February 18, 2019 TTG-AE-SR 2019021857 This document contains information that is proprietary to Saft America Inc. Page 6 of 23 h=2; t_ch1=5; t_ch2=20; t_dch1=5; t_dch2=20; Mode=1; %Norm=1 HR=0 AM_active=0; Methodology Two models were used for this analysis: •A diesel-only model, representing the existing operational setup. A Wartsila unit is used throughout, with wind being curtailed whenever the net load was less than the 2.8 MW minimum operating level for the diesel. Fuel consumption and curtailment are quantified. •The revised model incorporating dynamic diesel and water heater dispatch as described above, incorporating an ESS with the Intensium Max +20M battery container and a power conversion system with flexible output constrained only by the maximum charge capability of the battery system. If #12 CAT is running, the ESS discharges when the net load rises above the CAT #12 maximum and the #18a unit is started when the battery state of charge (SOC) falls to a threshold level. The diesel manages the wind intermittency. TTG Application Engineering February 18, 2019 TTG-AE-SR 2019021857 This document contains information that is proprietary to Saft America Inc. Page 7 of 23 Simulation results The following table shows the simulation results by month: Full graphical output from these simulations is shown in Annex 1. The following charts show a four-day snapshot of output from September. The left-hand chart shows diesel-only operation, while the right-hand charts show the impact of running CAT #12 in conjunction with the ESS. The ‘Net Wind’ plot show the level of curtailment in the different scenarios. Fuel (L) Curtailment (MWh) Fuel (L) Fuel savings (L) Heater energy (MWh) Curtailment (MWh) Max disch (kW) Max chg (kW) Batt aging (%/yr) January 586,098 151 566,072 20,026 33.3 3.3 1,758 725 0.39% February 569,068 79 557,430 11,638 12.2 2.1 1,076 924 0.36% March 624,628 54 615,482 9,146 4.9 1.6 968 669 0.33% April 547,503 134 529,245 18,258 32.3 3.6 1,475 885 0.39% May 530,823 177 505,617 25,206 44.2 7.2 756 995 0.38% June 525,130 131 499,692 25,438 21.0 2.1 992 1,232 0.40% July 558,497 73 541,468 17,029 6.7 0.8 836 981 0.34% August 542,939 98 525,525 17,414 17.9 3.4 763 1,075 0.35% September 537,161 223 504,601 32,560 44.2 9.6 1,114 908 0.40% October 533,469 421 480,580 52,889 126.7 23.6 1,114 1,038 0.48% November 586,050 122 568,719 17,331 24.6 2.4 850 814 0.59% December 628,096 121 609,615 18,481 19.0 1.8 1,895 590 0.33% Totals 1,784 265,416 387.0 62 No ESS Month With ESS 1.5 1.55 1.6 1.65 1.7 1.75 1.8 Time(s)10 6 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 Power (kW)Load Diesel Net Wind Wind 1.5 1.55 1.6 1.65 1.7 1.75 1.8 Time(s)10 6 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 Power (kW)Load Diesel D 18a Net Wind Wind 1.5 1.55 1.6 1.65 1.7 1.75 1.8 Time(s)10 6 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 ESS power (kW) TTG Application Engineering February 18, 2019 TTG-AE-SR 2019021857 This document contains information that is proprietary to Saft America Inc. Page 8 of 23 Annex 1: Simulation graphs The following charts show the diesel-only simulation for each month. January: February: March: 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Power (kW)Load Diesel Net Wind Wind 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Power (kW)Load Diesel Net Wind Wind 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Power (kW)Load Diesel Net Wind Wind TTG Application Engineering February 18, 2019 TTG-AE-SR 2019021857 This document contains information that is proprietary to Saft America Inc. Page 9 of 23 April: May: June: 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Power (kW)Load Diesel Net Wind Wind 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Power (kW)Load Diesel Net Wind Wind 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Power (kW)Load Diesel Net Wind Wind TTG Application Engineering February 18, 2019 TTG-AE-SR 2019021857 This document contains information that is proprietary to Saft America Inc. Page 10 of 23 July: August: September: 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Power (kW)Load Diesel Net Wind Wind 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Power (kW)Load Diesel Net Wind Wind 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Power (kW)Load Diesel Net Wind Wind TTG Application Engineering February 18, 2019 TTG-AE-SR 2019021857 This document contains information that is proprietary to Saft America Inc. Page 11 of 23 October: November: December: The charts on the following pages show the results of the addition of the ESS and heaters. 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Power (kW)Load Diesel Net Wind Wind 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Power (kW)Load Diesel Net Wind Wind 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 2000 4000 6000 Power (kW)Load Diesel Net Wind Wind TTG-AE-SR 2019021857 January 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 5000 Power (kW)Load Diesel Net Wind Wind 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 5000 Power (kW)D15 D12 D18 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 -1000 0 1000 2000 Power (kW)ESS Heater 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 50 100 Battery SOC (%) TTG Application Engineering February 18, 2019 TTG-AE-SR 2019021857 This document contains information that is proprietary to Saft America Inc. Page 13 of 23 February 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 5000 Power (kW)Load Diesel Net Wind Wind 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 5000 Power (kW)D15 D12 D18 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 -1000 0 1000 Power (kW)ESS Heater 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 50 100 Battery SOC (%) TTG Application Engineering February 18, 2019 TTG-AE-SR 2019021857 This document contains information that is proprietary to Saft America Inc. Page 14 of 23 March 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 5000 Power (kW)Load Diesel Net Wind Wind 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 5000 Power (kW)D15 D12 D18 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 -1000 0 1000 Power (kW)ESS Heater 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 50 100 Battery SOC (%) TTG Application Engineering February 18, 2019 TTG-AE-SR 2019021857 This document contains information that is proprietary to Saft America Inc. Page 15 of 23 April 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 5000 Power (kW)Load Diesel Net Wind Wind 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 5000 Power (kW)D15 D12 D18 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 -1000 0 1000 2000 Power (kW)ESS Heater 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 50 100 Battery SOC (%) TTG Application Engineering February 18, 2019 TTG-AE-SR 2019021857 This document contains information that is proprietary to Saft America Inc. Page 16 of 23 May 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 5000 Power (kW)Load Diesel Net Wind Wind 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 5000 Power (kW)D15 D12 D18 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 -1000 0 1000 Power (kW)ESS Heater 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 50 100 Battery SOC (%) TTG Application Engineering February 18, 2019 TTG-AE-SR 2019021857 This document contains information that is proprietary to Saft America Inc. Page 17 of 23 June 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 5000 Power (kW)Load Diesel Net Wind Wind 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 5000 Power (kW)D15 D12 D18 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 -1000 0 1000 Power (kW)ESS Heater 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 50 100 Battery SOC (%) TTG Application Engineering February 18, 2019 TTG-AE-SR 2019021857 This document contains information that is proprietary to Saft America Inc. Page 18 of 23 July 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 5000 Power (kW)Load Diesel Net Wind Wind 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 5000 Power (kW)D15 D12 D18 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 -1000 0 1000 Power (kW)ESS Heater 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 50 100 Battery SOC (%) TTG Application Engineering February 18, 2019 TTG-AE-SR 2019021857 This document contains information that is proprietary to Saft America Inc. Page 19 of 23 August 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 5000 Power (kW)Load Diesel Net Wind Wind 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 5000 Power (kW)D15 D12 D18 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 -1000 0 1000 Power (kW)ESS Heater 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 50 100 Battery SOC (%) TTG Application Engineering February 18, 2019 TTG-AE-SR 2019021857 This document contains information that is proprietary to Saft America Inc. Page 20 of 23 September 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 5000 Power (kW)Load Diesel Net Wind Wind 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 5000 Power (kW)D15 D12 D18 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 -1000 0 1000 Power (kW)ESS Heater 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 50 100 Battery SOC (%) TTG Application Engineering February 18, 2019 TTG-AE-SR 2019021857 This document contains information that is proprietary to Saft America Inc. Page 21 of 23 October 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 5000 Power (kW)Load Diesel Net Wind Wind 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 5000 Power (kW)D15 D12 D18 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 -1000 0 1000 Power (kW)ESS Heater 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 50 100 Battery SOC (%) TTG Application Engineering February 18, 2019 TTG-AE-SR 2019021857 This document contains information that is proprietary to Saft America Inc. Page 22 of 23 November 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 5000 Power (kW)Load Diesel Net Wind Wind 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 5000 Power (kW)D15 D12 D18 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 -1000 0 1000 Power (kW)ESS Heater 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 50 100 Battery SOC (%) TTG Application Engineering February 18, 2019 TTG-AE-SR 2019021857 This document contains information that is proprietary to Saft America Inc. Page 23 of 23 December 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 5000 Power (kW)Load Diesel Net Wind Wind 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 5000 Power (kW)D15 D12 D18 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 -1000 0 1000 2000 Power (kW)ESS Heater 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time(s)10 6 0 50 100 Battery SOC (%)