HomeMy WebLinkAboutCraig AK Round 8 REF App - Craig HS BoilerRenewable Energy Fund Round VIII
Grant Application – Heat Projects
AEA 15003 Page 1 of 30 7/2/14
Application Forms and Instructions
This instruction page and the following grant application constitutes the Grant Application Form for
Round VIII of the Renewable Energy Fund Heat Projects only. If your application is for energy
projects that will not primarily produce heat, please use the standard application form (see RFA
section 1.5). An electronic version of the Request for Applications (RFA) and both application
forms are available online at: www.aken ergyauthority.org/REFund8.html.
If you need technical assistance filling out this application, please contact Shawn Calfa, the
Alaska Energy Authority Grants Administrator at (907) 771-3031 or at scalfa@aidea.org.
If you are applying for grants for more than one project, provide separate application forms
for each project.
Multiple phases for the same project may be submitted as one application.
If you are applying for grant funding for more than one phase of a project, provide
milestones and budget for each phase of the project.
In order to ensure that grants provide sufficient benefit to the public, AEA may limit
recommendations for grants to preliminary development phases in accordance with 3 ACC
107.605(1).
If some work has already been completed on your project and you are requesting funding
for an advanced phase, submit information sufficient to demonstrate that the preceding
phases are completed and funding for an advanced phase is warranted.
If you have additional information or reports you would like the Authority to consider in
reviewing your application, either provide an electronic version of the document with your
submission or reference a web link where it can be downloaded or reviewed.
In the sections below, please enter responses in the spaces provided, often under the
section heading. You may add additional rows or space to the form to provide sufficient
space for the information, or attach additional sheets if needed.
REMINDER:
Alaska Energy Authority is subject to the Public Records Act AS 40.25, and materials
submitted to the Authority may be subject to disclosure requirements under the act if no
statutory exemptions apply.
All applications received will be posted on the Authority web site after final
recommendations are made to the legislature.
In accordance with 3 AAC 107.630 (b) Applicants may request trade secrets or proprietary
company data be kept confidential subject to review and approval by the Authority. If you
want information to be kept confidential the applicant must:
o Request the information be kept confidential.
o Clearly identify the information that is the trade secret or proprietary in their
application.
o Receive concurrence from the Authority that the information will be kept confidential.
If the Authority determines it is not confidential it will be treated as a public record in
accordance with AS 40.25 or returned to the applicant upon request.
Renewable Energy Fund Round VIII
Grant Application – Heat Projects
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SECTION 1 – APPLICANT INFORMATION
Name (Name of utility, IPP, or government entity submitting proposal)
Craig City School District
Type of Entity: School District K-12 Fiscal Year End: June 30
Tax ID #92-6000091
Tax Status: ☐ For-profit ☐ Non-profit Government (check one)
Date of last financial statement audit: June 30, 2014
Mailing Address: Physical Address:
PO Box 800 100 School Road
Craig, Alaska 99921 Craig, Alaska 99921
Telephone: Fax: Email:
907-826-3274 907-826-3322 maintenance@craigschools.com
jwalsh@craigschools.com
1.1 APPLICANT POINT OF CONTACT / GRANTS MANAGER
Name: Title:
Greg Head Maintenance Director
Mailing Address:
PO Box 800
Craig, AK 99921
Telephone: Fax: Email:
907-826-3274 (work)
907-965-1722 (cell)
907-826-3322 maintenance@craigschools.com
1.1.1 APPLICANT ALTERNATE POINTS OF CONTACT
Name Telephone: Fax: Email:
Jack Walsh 907-826-3274 907-826-3322 jwalsh@craigschools.com
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Grant Application – Heat Projects
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1.2 APPLICANT MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS
Please check as appropriate. If you do not to meet the minimum applicant requirements, your
application will be rejected.
1.2.1 As an Applicant, we are: (put an X in the appropriate box)
☐ An electric utility holding a certificate of public convenience and necessity under AS 42.05, or
☐ An independent power producer in accordance with 3 AAC 107.695 (a) (1), or
☐ A local government, or
A governmental entity (which includes tribal councils and housing authorities)
1.2 APPLICANT MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS (continued)
Please check as appropriate.
1.2.2 Attached to this application is formal approval and endorsement for the project by the
applicant’s board of directors, executive management, or other governing authority. If the
applicant is a collaborative grouping, a formal approval from each participant’s governing
authority is necessary. (Indicate by checking the box)
1.2.3 As an applicant, we have administrative and financial management systems and follow
procurement standards that comply with the standards set forth in the grant agreement
(Section 3 of the RFA). (Indicate by checking the box)
1.2.4 If awarded the grant, we can comply with all terms and conditions of the award as
identified in the Standard Grant Agreement template at
http://www.akenergyauthority.org/vREFund8.html. (Any exceptions should be clearly noted
and submitted with the application.) (Indicate by checking the box)
1.2.5 We intend to own and operate any project that may be constructed with grant funds for
the benefit of the general public. If no please describe the nature of the project and who will
be the primary beneficiaries. (Indicate yes by checking the box)
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Grant Application – Heat Projects
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SECTION 2 – PROJECT SUMMARY
This section is intended to be no more than a 2-3 page overview of your project.
2.1 Project Title – (Provide a 4 to 7 word title for your project). Type in space below.
Craig High School Wood Heat Conversion
2.2 Project Location –
Include the physical location of your project and name(s) of the community or communities that will
benefit from your project in the subsections below.
2.2.1 Location of Project – Latitude and longitude, street address, or community name.
Latitude and longitude coordinates may be obtained from Google Maps by finding you project’s
location on the map and then right clicking with the mouse and selecting “What is here? The
coordinates will be displayed in the Google search window above the map in a format as follows:
61.195676.-149.898663. If you would like assistance obtaining this information please contact
AEA at 907-771-3031.
The project will be located at the Craig High School, 1.5 mile Craig-Klawock Highway
Community Name: Craig, Alaska
Lattitude/Longitude: 55º29’19.31”N, 133º7’42.95”W
Street Address: 1950 Craig-Klawock Highway (100 Panther Drive)
2.2.2 Community benefiting – Name(s) of the community or communities that will be the
beneficiaries of the project.
The project will primarily benefit the community of Craig but by allowing more funds to be allocated
to education and not the purchase of fossil fuels, children of the communities of Klawock, Hollis,
Thorne Bay and Coffman Cove who attend school here will also benefit.
2.3 PROJECT TYPE
Put X in boxes as appropriate
2.3.1 Renewable Resource Type
☐ Wind to Heat Biomass or Biofuels
☐ Hydro to Heat ☐ Solar Thermal
☐ Heat Recovery from Existing Sources ☐ Heat Pumps
☐ Other (Describe) ☐
2.3.2 Proposed Grant Funded Phase(s) for this Request (Check all that apply)
Pre-Construction Construction
☐ Reconnaissance Final Design and Permitting
☐ Feasibility and Conceptual Design Construction
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Grant Application – Heat Projects
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2.4 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Provide a brief one paragraph description of the proposed heat project.
The project will consist of engineering and layout; acquiring machinery and equipment; installation
of fuel delivery systems; and acquiring and installing biomass boilers to be integrated into the
existing heating system of the Craig High School greatly reducing or eliminating the use of oil for
fuel.
The system will use dried fuel from the AEA funded dryer at Viking Lumber and benefit Viking
Lumber by expanding the market base for dry wood fuel.
The installed boilers would heat the 53,319 square foot high school using wood chips generated by
operations at a local lumber mill. Feedstock for the mill and the resulting wood chips comes from
timber logged from the nearby Tongass National Forest, Southeast Alaska State Forest, Alaska
Native Corporation lands and other private lands. The project is similar in scope to the Craig Wood
Fired Boiler and will share an existing contract to provide wood chips for the boiler.
A Preliminary Feasibility Study for Conversion from Fossil Fuel to Wood Heating for the Craig High
School, Craig, Alaska was prepared for the Craig City School District by Robert Deering, Biomass
Program Manager, USDA Forest Service, Tongass National Forest. A copy of the study is
attached to this application. An Energy Audit has been completed for the facility and is attached to
this application.
2.5 PROJECT BENEFIT
Briefly discuss the financial and public benefits that will result from this heat project, (such as
reduced fuel costs, lower energy costs, local jobs created, etc.)
1. The most important benefit to the community and the district is the elimination of
approximately 400,000 gallons of fossil fuel used to heat the Craig High School over the
next 20 years.
2. The project will realize approximately $55,000 - $60,000 in annual savings. The project is
estimated to have a 1.72 benefit/cost ratio compared to the current oil heating system and
will result in fuel cost savings of $2.1 million - $2.6 million over 20 years.
3. In times of fuel shortages wood heat will provide a safe, warm community center.
4. The project will reduce emissions related to the existing oil boiler system and delivery of oil
to the area.
5. The project will increase local jobs related to drying and hauling wood chips.
6. The project will help create economy of scale savings for other biomass heating plants on
Prince of Wales Island and encourage development of heating systems that reduce reliance
on fossil fuels.
7. The project will provide budget relief to the Craig Schools.
8. The project will provide public education in the advantages of wood heat and local fuel
sources.
2.6 PROJECT BUDGET OVERVIEW
Briefly discuss the amount of funds needed, the anticipated sources of funds, and the nature and
source of other contributions to the project.
The microchip boiler and installation engineering is estimated to cost $502,850. Energy Efficiency
Measures committed or completed provide $82,550 in in-kind match and the district will include
$10,000 cash match toward the boiler purchase/installation.
1. AEA Renewable Energy Fund………………………………$492,850
2. Craig City School District…………………………………….$ 10,000
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Grant Application – Heat Projects
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3. Energy Efficiency Improvements (in-kind match)……….$ 176,850
The City of Craig will also include the school district in their fuel delivery contract and will provide
any assistance the district may need for equipment, project oversight or manpower.
2.7 COST AND BENEFIT SUMARY
Summarize the grant request and the project’s total costs and benefits below.
Costs for the Current Phase Covered by this Grant
(Summary of funds requested)
2.7.1 Grant Funds Requested in this application $ 493,100
2.7.2 Cash match to be provided $ 10,000
2.7.3 In-kind match to be provided $ 176,850
2.7.4 Other grant funds to be provided $
2.7.5 Total Costs for Requested Phase of Project (sum of 2.7.1 through 2.7.4) $ 679,950
Other items for consideration
2.7.6 Other grant applications not yet approved $
2.7.7 Biomass or Biofuel Inventory on hand $
2.7.8 Energy efficiency improvements to buildings
to be heated (upgraded within the past 5 years or
committed prior to proposed project completion) $
Project Costs & Benefits
(Summary of total project costs including work to date and future cost estimates to get to a fully
operational project)
2.7.9 Total Project Cost
Summary from Cost Worksheet, Section 4.4.4, including
estimates through construction.
$ 679,950
2.7.10 Additional Performance Monitoring Equipment not
covered by the project but required for the Grant
Only applicable to construction phase projects
$
2.7.11 Estimated Direct Financial Benefit (Savings)
The economic model used by AEA is available at
www.akenergyauthority.org/REFund8.html. This
economic model may be used by applicants but is not
required. Other economic models developed by the
applicant may be used, however the final benefit/cost
ratio used will be derived from the AEA model to
ensure a level playing field for all applicants.
$ 2,234,466
2.7.12 Other Public Benefit
If you can calculate the benefit in terms of dollars please
provide that number here and explain how you
calculated that number in Section 5 below.
$
Renewable Energy Fund Round VIII
Grant Application – Heat Projects
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SECTION 3 – PROJECT MANAGEMENT PLAN
Describe who will be responsible for managing the project and provide a plan for successfully
completing the project within the scope, schedule and budget proposed in the application.
3.1 Project Manager
Tell us who will be managing the project for the Grantee and include contact information, a resume
and references for the manager(s). In the electronic submittal, please submit resumes as separ ate
PDFs if the applicant would like those excluded from the web posting of this application. If the
applicant does not have a project manager indicate how you intend to solicit project management
support. If the applicant anticipates project management assistance from AEA or another
government entity, state that in this section.
Greg Head is the anticipated project manager. Mr. Head is the Craig School District Maintenance
Director. For the past six years Mr. Head has been the boiler operator for the City of Craig’s wood
boiler, which provides heat to the Elementary and Middle Schools. Mr. Head operated co-gen
biomass boilers and has been in the lumber and wood business in Alaska since 1969. A full
resume is attached.
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3.2 Project Schedule and Milestones
Please fill out the schedule below. Be sure to identify key tasks and decision points in in your
project along with estimated start and end dates for each of the milestones and tasks. Please
clearly identify the beginning and ending of all phases of your proposed project.
Please fill out form provided below. You may add additional rows as needed.
Milestones Tasks
Start
Date
End
Date
Let Engineering Bid Advertise and get board approval 1/1/15 1/21/15
Complete Engineering and Inspector
Appointment
Review and approve
1/22/15 1/31/15
Let Equipment Bid Advertise and Approve 3/1/15 3/14/15
Let Construction Bid Advertise and Board Approval 3/7/15 3/28/15
Equipment Delivery Certify Equipment 6/1/15 6/1/15
Commence Construction Certify qualified contractor with engineering 6/2/15
Inspector Certify In conjunction with engineering firm 6/2/15
Complete Construction Certify quality 6/2/15 9/1/15
Inspector Certify (punch list)
operational
Check with engineers, inspector and manager that
project is operational 9/1/15
Wood delivery and startup All involved 9/1/15 9/14/15
3.3 Project Resources
Describe the personnel, contractors, personnel or firms, equipment, and services you will use to
accomplish the project. Include any partnerships or commitments with other entities you have or
anticipate will be needed to complete your project. Describe any existing contracts and the
selection process you may use for major equipment purchases or contracts. Include brief resumes
and references for known, key personnel, contractors, and suppliers as an attachment to your
application.
Personnel: Craig City School District and City of Craig personnel used to accomplish the project
include the following persons:
1. Mr. Jack Walsh, Craig City School District Superintendent. Mr. Walsh will oversee all
components of the project. He will execute all official documents relevant to the project.
2. Mr. Greg Head, Craig City School District Maintenance Supervisor. Mr. Head will oversee
all technical aspects of the siting, purchase, installation and operations of the biomass
boiler system.
3. Mrs. Cindy Bennett, Craig City School District Business Manager. Mrs. Bennett will
complete required grant reports, oversee issuance of purchase orders, be responsible for
grant accounting, will assist with the procurement process and be the point of contact
between AEA auditors and the Craig City School District.
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4. Mr. Jim Stevens. Mr. Stevens will assist in communications and coordination to all parties.
Mr. Stevens has been with Craig Schools for over nine years and is experienced in
construction projects.
5. Mr. Brian Templin, Craig City Planner. Mr. Templin will assist with permitting and
environmental documentation needed by the project. Mr. Templin is the primary point of
contact for permitting and environmental review issues for the City of Craig and has 11
years experience overseeing permitting and environmental review of city projects.
Partners: Project partners will include the following:
1. City of Craig. The City of Craig will partner with the Craig School District on this project.
The city will incorporate fuel requirements for the new boiler into its current contract to
supply biomass fuel for the city’s biomass boiler. The city will also provide technical
assistance as an owner/operator of a 4 MMBTU/hr biomass heating system. The city will
provide staff time for the city planner to assist the school district with permitting,
environmental documentation and other grant project related items.
2. Viking Lumber. Viking Lumber Co. owns and manages the biomass resource necessary for
the project. The resource is available in substantial existing stockpiles and from future
milling operations. Nearly all of the logs at the mill originate o n public national forest lands.
Viding Lumber has recently installed a chip drying system which will allow them to produce
and provide biomass at an optimum moisture content to be burned in the new system.
Viking Lumber personnel have the operational experience and ability to install and operate
equipment needed to dry the biomass raw material to a condition that makes it ideal for
combustion in wood-fired boilers. The company is in an excellent position to manage its
wood waste stream to efficiently supply biomass to the drying equipment and subsequently
store and deliver the dried product.
Contractors:
1. Project Inspector. The project inspector will review the contractor submittals for compliance
with requirements listed in the bid documents. The inspector will also make regular on-site
visits to ensure proper installation of the boiler and associated mechanical systems. The
contractor will also assist with project start up and completion of punch list items.
3.4 Project Communications
Discuss how you plan to monitor the project and keep the Authority informed of the status. Please
provide an alternative contact person and their contact information.
Mr. Head and Mr. Stevens will be at the construction site on a daily basis. Regular construction
meeting will be held to ensure adequate channels of communications and progress reporting are
available to all concerned. Construction meetings will detail recent accomplishments, anticipated
goals for the upcoming one to two week period, review the project budget, address unanticipated
problems and attend to other project needs. AEA representatives will be welcome to participate in
person or by teleconference.
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Grant Application – Heat Projects
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3.5 Project Risk
Discuss potential problems and how you would address them.
With property planning and preparation the risks involved in construction will be minimized.
Funding timing is a risk to meet the summer construction window. Equipment delivery is a risk if
deadlines are not met. The wood dryer funded by AEA that is to be our fuel source is near
completion so fuel supply should not be a risk. The proposed facility is next to the school building
so permitting and electrical needs have been met. If oversight is in place it should be a very
routine and low risk project.
3.6 Project Accountant(s)
Tell us who will be performing the accounting of this Project for the Grantee and include contact
information, a resume and references for the project accountant(s). In the electronic submittal,
please submit resumes as separate PDFs if the applicant would like those excluded from the web
posting of this application. If the applicant does not have a project accountant indicate how you
intend to solicit project accounting support.
Mrs. Cindy Bennett will be the project accountant. Mrs. Bennett is the business manager for the
Craig Schools and is experienced with accounting and grant management/reporting. A full resume
is attached. Mrs. Bennett can be contacted at 907-826-3274.
3.7 Financial Accounting System
Discuss the accounting system that will be used to account for project costs and who will be the
primary user of the accounting system.
Craig Schools uses Fund Accounting by Data Team for all accounting. The system allows account
coding. A separate account code will be established for this grant. All expenditures to the grant
will be tracked with this account code. This will allow complete reporting of expenditures made to
the grant.
3.8 Financial Management Controls
Discuss the controls that will be utilized to ensure that only costs that are reasonable, ordinary and
necessary will be allocated to this project. Also discuss the controls in place that will ensure that
no expenses for overhead, or any other unallowable costs will be requested for reimbursement
from the Renewable Energy Fund Grant Program.
All Purchase Orders related to the project will be signed by Jack Walsh and paid by Cindy Bennett.
All grant expenditures will be fully detailed and backup documentation (such as receipts and proof
of payment) will be filed with the grant file. Grant accounting will be done within the current
accounting system used by the school district and the grant will have a unique account code so
that all expenditures can be reported and reviewed by project personnel and the funding agency.
Staff is familiar with grant expenditures and will review purchase requests and expenditures to
ensure that they are allowed under the grant. The school district will follow established
procurement guidelines to ensure that all procurement is reasonable.
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Grant Application – Heat Projects
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SECTION 4 – PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND TASKS
The level of information will vary according to phase(s) of the project you propose to undertake
with grant funds.
If some work has already been completed on the project and the funding request is for an
advanced phase, submit information sufficient to demonstrate that the preceding phases are
satisfied and funding for an advanced phase is warranted.
4.1 Proposed Energy Resource
Describe the potential extent/amount of the energy resource that is available.
Discuss the pros and cons of your proposed energy resource vs. other alternatives that may be
available, in the market, to be served by your project. For pre-construction applications, describe
the resource to the extent known. For design and permitting or construction projects, please
provide feasibility documents, design documents, and permitting documents (if applicable) as
attachments to this application.
The potential amount of available biomass energy available through this project is significant. The
Viking Lumber Mill typically produces more than 13,000 tons of biomass fuel each year. At 35
percent moisture content, local biomass fuel contains about 11.25 million Btu per ton. Drier fuel
will result in higher Btu content per ton of fuel. At 35% moisture one tone of fuel can supply the full
heating demand of an 11 million Btu system for one hour. For perspective, the City of Craig’s
wood boiler system, rated at 4 million Btu per hour is designed to supply the energy needs of
62,000 square feet of floor space and 113,000 gallons of heated pool water. The proposed system
for the Craig High School will be approximately a 1 MMBTU/Hr system to heat 52,219 square feet
and will burn approximately 194 tons of fuel per year. Viking Lumber Mill’s typical production far
exceeds the required amount of biomass fuel necessary for the existing city boiler system and the
system proposed in this project.
There are many well known benefits of using wood heat in both domestic and public/commercial
applications. These include keeping dollars spent on heating fuel in the local community; creation
of wood fuel supply jobs in local economies; elimination of sulfur range emissions from combustion
of wood fuels versus fossil fuels; elimination of a net increase in greenhouse gas emissions from
combustion of wood fuels versus fossil fuels; and use of renewable, locally produced fuels.
Viking Lumber, working with the City of Craig and AEA, has installed chip drying facilities that will
allow precise control of moisture content and the ability to deliver fuel at optimum moisture content.
This will increase Btu/ton of fuel and will result in better operations of biomass heating systems.
This project will support the continued use of the drying system which will, in turn, allow Viking to
produce dry fuel for other applications and feedstock for biomass fuel applications.
The forest industry has always provided some risk here in Southeast in whether it will exist in the
future. Demand and the fuel dryer provide as much assurance of a sustained supply of fuel as can
be expected. Dryer operation does not depend on a single supplier so fuels can come from any of
the operations on the island. Small chippers already in operation for grubbing under power lines
and clearing rights of way and even private properties could provide thousands of tons of fuel that
today is discarded.
There is some risk as to the source of fuels in Southeast but not the volume or availability of the
resource. Our potential for fuel independence is great and real.
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4.1.1 For Biomass Project only
Identify any wood inventory questions, such as:
Ownership/Accessibility. Who owns the land and are their limitations and restrictions to
accessing the biomass resource?
Inventory data. How much biomass is available on an annual basis and what types (species)
are there, if known? Please attach any forest inventory reports
Craig City School District will utilize a portion of the fuel dried from the AEA equipment at Viking
Lumber and will become part of the City of Craig’s fuel delivery contract with Viking. Viking uses
mostly federal land forests but also relies on State of Alaska and private timber. There is always
some risk of a dependable log supply for Viking but it is possible for other mills and independent
fuel suppliers to use the dryer. What is needed now is a larger dry fuel market to ensure
continuous dryer operation.
4.2 Existing Energy System
4.2.1 Basic configuration of Existing Heating Energy System
Briefly discuss the basic configuration of the existing energy system. Include information about the
number, size, age, efficiency, and type of generation.
The existing heating system in the Craig High School consists of two Weil-McClain boilers. Each
produces 3,270,000 Btu per hour and use 29 gallons of fuel to produce those Btu. The system has
8” circulating pipe and oversized pumps. The rest of the heat system consists of fin tube in all the
classrooms that run in conjunction with five AHUs of varying horsepower and a roof m ounted MAU
over the auto shop. Heat is moved to the gym using 20 HP in line pump and a 12.5 HP air handler
fan. Cool days require a total of 32.5 HP continuously in addition to the fuel needed by the boilers
themselves.
Changes have been made to the building envelope to increase efficiency but the only real way to
change the fuel consumption of the building is to change to an alternative fuel source.
4.2.2 Existing Heating Energy Resources Used
Briefly discuss your understanding of the existing energ y resources. Include a brief discussion of
any impact the project may have on existing energy infrastructure and resources.
With the availability of dry biomass fuel the prospect for energy independence for Prince of Wales
Island is becoming a reality. This project is an important piece in the progression toward clean
local fuel. The wood boiler for the high school is important in expanding wood use and the market
associated with it and in educating the public in what the process is and how it can be as simple,
safe as diesel while being cleaner.
The project has two important impacts on the community:
1. Lower operating expenses for the district by saving fuel.
2. Promote the expansion of wood heat as a viable alternative to diesel fuel.
4.2.3 Existing Heating Energy Market
Discuss existing energy use and its market. Discuss impacts your project may have on energy
customers.
The existing energy market here on Prince of Wales is truck delivered fuel from tank farms in either
Craig or Thorne Bay. Fuel is brought to Prince of Wales by regional barge. Alaska Power and
Telephone provides electricity from private hydro projects with diesel backup. None of the energy
markets will have any adverse effects from the use of biomass fuels for this project.
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4.3 Proposed System
Include information necessary to describe the system you are intending to develop and address
potential system design, land ownership, permits, and environmental issues.
4.3.1 System Design
Provide the following information for the proposed renewable energy system:
A description of renewable energy technology specific to project location
Optimum installed capacity
Anticipated capacity factor
Anticipated annual generation
Anticipated barriers
Basic integration concept
Delivery methods
The proposed system will include a microchip boiler; fuel storage and feed system; electrical
installation; and piping to connect to the existing heating system in the high school. The boiler and
related equipment will be installed in the rear parking lot of the building and located against the
existing east wall of the boiler room.
There are several brands of comparable capacity. The new system is expected to have an output
of 1 MMBTU.
The feasibility study prepared by Bob Deering estimates the following costs:
$177,000 for the boiler and related equipment
$125,000 for fuel storage and handling
$50,000 for installation
$25,000 for commissioning the system
$60,000 for design services
$22,500 for contingency
$35,600 for construction management
$8,000 for bidding and permits
The completed system would be similar to the installation in the Federal Building or Discovery
Center in Ketchikan. These two systems use wood pellets as fuel but each can be adjusted to
burn dry microchips as well, the same fuel produced by Viking Lumber.
The chip consumption is anticipated at 194 dry tons at $125/ton. The exact cost figures are yet to
be determined by City of Craig and Viking Lumber negotiations. Craig Schools will be included in
the city contract.
The biggest barrier might be the dependable supply of fuel in the short term. Timber processing
has historically been a boom or bust cycle in Southeast but over the long term there has always
been some manufacturing. Additional biomass demand such as this project will help maintain a
dependable supply of biomass independent of timber sales and manufacturing.
The integration of the wood heat system with the existing boiler is simple and routine. The Craig
City wood boiler uses a system of heat exchangers to heat the glycol water in the Elementary and
Middle Schools. It is anticipated that this installation will use a similar system to integrate into the
existing High School heating system.
It is anticipated that this system will use a different fuel delivery process than the one in Craig. The
new facility will have two fuel hopper type trailers that will be rotated as needed to deliver and store
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fuel. Each trailer will have a live bed and as one trailer is emptied the next will replace it, hook up
the live bed hydraulics and meter fuel directly into the boiler feed system. This system is in use in
many facilities including one in Homer.
Craig High School has had an energy audit subsidized by Alaska Housing Finance Corporation
and conducted by Alaska Energy Engineering. The total EEMs in the audit total $373,000 but
many of the measure overlap. Staff has completed some and some others will become
unnecessary if a biomass boiler is installed.
Of the recommendations in the energy audit that have been completed many are being applied as
in-kind benefit to this project including:
1. EEMs 1, 2, 3 and 6 have been completed but no cost is allocated to them.
2. EEM 4 has been completed using windows already in stock. No cost is allocated to them.
3. EEM 5 Will be accomplished by a contractor and will be an expensive item. This item has
not been accomplished at this time.
4. EEMs 7 and 10 have been completed at a $900 credit.
5. EEM 17 has been accomplished and the boiler burners modulated to the lowest settings at
a credit of $33,700.
6. EEM 20 has been completed at a credit of $59,700.
7. EEM 22 calls for the reduction of locker room lighting. Craig Schools has gone further and
funded (in-house) all exterior lighting being converted to LED at a cost of $81,050.
8. Energy Efficient W ater Heater has been installed at a credit of $1,500.
4.3.2 Land Ownership
Identify potential land ownership issues, including whether site owners have agreed to the project
or how you intend to approach land ownership and access issues.
There are no ownership issues. The project will be placed on developed school property. The
Craig High School site is owned by the City of Craig and exclusively used by the Craig City School
District. The city has reviewed and agreed to the project. Craig City Resolution 14 -19 was passed
unanimously by the Craig City Council on September 4, 2014 supporting the project.
4.3.3 Permits
Provide the following information as it may relate to permitting and how you intend to address
outstanding permit issues.
List of applicable permits
Anticipated permitting timeline
Identify and discuss potential barriers
Given that the project will be done on land that is already developed and is unlikely to require a
permit from the State of Alaska or federal agencies, it is unlikely that the project will face potential
permitting issues.
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4.3.4 Environmental
Address whether the following environmental and land use issues apply, and if so how they will be
addressed:
Threatened or endangered species
Habitat issues
Wetlands and other protected areas
Archaeological and historical resources
Land development constraints
Telecommunications interference
Aviation considerations
Visual, aesthetics impacts
Identify and discuss other potential barriers
1. Threatened or endangered species. This project will take place on previously developed
upland. There are no known threatened or endangered species within the project area.
2. Habitat issues. This project will take place on previously developed upland. There are no
known habitat issues within the project area.
3. Wetlands or other protected areas. This project will t ake place on previously developed
upland. There are no wetlands or other protected areas within the project area.
4. Archeological and historical resources. Although there are numerous historical and
archeological sites within the region, the project will take place on previously developed
upland. The project site is not a catalogued archeological or historical site. If archeological
or historical resources are discovered during the course of construction or equipment
installation the project manager will immediately notify the State Historical Preservation
Office.
5. Land development constraints. The project will take place on land owned by the City of
Craig and occupied by the Craig City School District. The area is sufficient for the project
scope and will not affect other development in the area.
6. Telecommunications interference. The project will not receive transmission signals that will
interfere with telecommunications. The project location is not adjacent to
telecommunications facilities.
7. Aviation considerations. The project is not located near existing airports or seaplane bases.
The project is not located within flight approaches for existing airports or seaplane bases.
The height of the completed project construction and equipment will be similar to
surrounding buildings and will not pose any danger or impediment to aviation.
8. Visual and aesthetic impacts. The project will be located at the rear of the existing high
school in an area reserved for parking and mechanical systems. The project is consistent
with the surrounding uses and will not have a negative visual or aesthetic impact.
9. Identify and discuss other barriers. The only possible barrier could be the proximity of the
project to a housing development which could have emissions concerns although none
have been voiced thus far. The houses are hundreds of yards away from the project site
and are located predominantly upwind during prevailing southeast winds. The exhaust
stack will be extended as high as necessary and the boilers that will be purchased will
comply with all emission standards. The existing boiler operated by the city is directly
adjacent to a housing development and there are no emissions or exhaust issues.
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4.4 Proposed New System Costs and Projected Revenues
(Total Estimated Costs and Projected Revenues)
The level of cost information provided will vary according to the phase of funding requested and
any previous work the applicant may have done on the project. Applicants must reference the
source of their cost data. For example: Applicant’s records or analysis, industry standards,
consultant or manufacturer’s estimates.
4.4.1 Project Development Cost
Provide detailed project cost information based on your current knowledge and understanding of
the project. Cost information should include the following:
Total anticipated project cost, and cost for this phase
Requested grant funding
Applicant matching funds – loans, capital contributions, in-kind
Identification of other funding sources
Projected capital cost of proposed renewable energy system
Projected development cost of proposed renewable energy system
The total cost of a 1 MMBTU wood boiler for the Craig High School is estimated to be $503,100
$177,000 for the boiler and related equipment
$125,000 for fuel storage and handling
$50,000 for installation
$25,000 for commissioning the system
$60,000 for design services
$22,500 for contingency
$35,600 for construction management
$8,000 for bidding and permits
4.4.2 Project Operating and Maintenance Costs
Include anticipated O&M costs for any new facilities constructed and how these would be funded
by the applicant.
(Note: Operational costs are not eligible for grant funds however grantees are required to meet
ongoing reporting requirements for the purpose of recording the impacts of AEA projects on the
communities they serve.)
The anticipated O&M costs would be borne by the operator of the biomass heating equipment
using existing staff and cost savings derived from the system. The Craig City School District
maintenance supervisor is already responsible for sharing operations duties for the existing city
owned biomass boiler used to heat the Middle School, Elementary School and Municipal Aquatic
Center. School district staff will operate the proposed facility using existing maintenance
personnel. Maintenance costs would be borne by the school district using cost savings by
switching from fuel oil to wood chips.
O&M Costs
Maintenance - $11,740
Oil - $400
Woodchip Cost (estimated) - $24,246
Oil - $3,940
These costs would all be offset by avoided fuel oil purchases.
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4.4.3 Heating Purchase/Sale
The heat purchase/sale information should include the following:
Identification of potential energy buyer(s)/customer(s)
Potential heat purchase/sales price - at a minimum indicate a price range
Proposed rate of return from grant-funded project
Heat from this system will support the Craig High School and will not be further sold or distributed.
The net savings in avoided fuel costs for 2016 is expected to be $51,000 and depending on fuel
prices expected to be $215,552 in 2033. The estimated cumulative savings to the school over the
20 year life of the equipment is $2,234,466
4.4.4 Project Cost Worksheet
Complete the cost worksheet form which provides summary information that will be considered in
evaluating the project.
Please fill out the form provided below and provide most recent heating fuel invoice that supports
the amount identified in “Project Benefits” subpart b below.
Renewable Energy Source
The Applicant should demonstrate that the renewable energy resource is available on a
sustainable basis.
Annual average resource availability. 13,000 tons
Unit depends on project type (e.g. windspeed, hydropower output, biomass fuel)
Existing Energy Generation and Usage
a) Basic configuration (if system is part of the Railbelt1 grid, leave this section blank)
i. Number of generators/boilers/other 2
ii. Rated capacity of generators/boilers/other 3,270 MBH
iii. Generator/boilers/other type Weil McClain Diesel
iv. Age of generators/boilers/other
v. Efficiency of generators/boilers/other
b) Annual O&M cost (if system is part of the Railbelt grid, leave this section blank)
i. Annual O&M cost for labor
ii. Annual O&M cost for non-labor
c) Annual electricity production and fuel usage (fill in as applicable) (if system is part of the
Railbelt grid, leave this section blank)
i. Electricity [kWh]
ii. Fuel usage
Diesel [gal]
1 The Railbelt grid connects all customers of Chugach Electric Association, Homer Electric Association, Golden Valley Electric
Association, the City of Seward Electric Department, Matanuska Electric Association and Anchorage Municipal Light and Power.
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Other
iii. Peak Load
iv. Average Load
v. Minimum Load
vi. Efficiency
vii. Future trends
d) Annual heating fuel usage (fill in as applicable)
i. Diesel [gal or MMBtu] 19,460 gal.
ii. Electricity [kWh]
iii. Propane [gal or MMBtu]
iv. Coal [tons or MMBtu]
v. Wood [cords, green tons, dry tons]
vi. Other
Proposed System Design Capacity and Fuel Usage
(Include any projections for continued use of non-renewable fuels)
a) Proposed renewable capacity
(Wind, Hydro, Biomass, other)
[kW or MMBtu/hr]
1.2 MMBTU Biomass (wood chip) boiler (either single
boiler or combination of smaller boilers)
b) Proposed annual electricity or heat production (fill in as applicable)
i. Electricity [kWh]
ii. Heat [MMBtu] 2,185 MMBTU
c) Proposed annual fuel usage (fill in as applicable)
i. Propane [gal or MMBtu]
ii. Coal [tons or MMBtu]
iii. Wood or pellets [cords, green tons,
dry tons]
iv. Other 195 tons of chips (dried to appropriate moisture content)
Project Cost
a) Total capital cost of new system
b) Development cost
c) Annual O&M cost of new system
d) Annual fuel cost
Project Benefits
a) Amount of fuel displaced for
i. Electricity
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ii. Heat 18,485 gallons of diesel fuel
iii. Transportation
b) Current price of displaced fuel $76,527
c) Other economic benefits Local employment and production of fuel
d) Alaska public benefits Reduced sulfur emissions, school district cost
savings
Heat Purchase/Sales Price
a) Price for heat purchase/sale
Project Analysis
a) Basic Economic Analysis
Project benefit/cost ratio 1.9
Payback (years) 8.2
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4.4.5 Impact on Rates
Please address the following items related to the proposed location of the heating project. If more
than one building will be impacted, please address this information for each building.
Building name
Craig High School
Type or primary usage of the building
Education
Location
Community Name: Craig, Alaska
Latitude/Longitude: 55º29’19.31”N, 133º7’42.94”W
Street Address: 1950 Craig-Klawock Highway
Hours of operation
7:00 am – 4:30 pm
Single structure or multiple units
Single structure with gym and auditorium
Total square footage
52,219
Electrical consumption per year
304,000 kWh
Heating oil/fuel consumption per year
19,460 gallons per year
Average number of occupants
115
Has an energy audit been performed? When? Please provide a copy of the energy audit, if
applicable.
Yes. October 2011
Have building thermal energy efficiency upgrades been completed?
o If applicable, please provide evidence of efficiency improvements including cost and
anticipated savings associated with upgrades.
Yes. See Item 4.3.1
o Estimated annual heating fuel savings
$55,000 - $60,000
If the building is not yet constructed please provide evidence of the value of planned
building envelope efficiency investments beyond typical construction practices. Include
anticipated savings associated with efficiency investments if available.
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SECTION 5– PROJECT BENEFIT
Explain the economic and public benefits of your project. Include direct cost savings, and
how the people of Alaska will benefit from the project.
The benefits information should include the following:
Potential annual fuel displacement (gallons and dollars) over the lifetime of the evaluated
renewable energy project. In order for the applicant to receive credit for heating fuel
displaced the applicant must provide the most recent invoice for heating fuel purchased.
Anticipated annual revenue (based on i.e. a Proposed Heat Purchase Agreement price, RCA
tariff, or cost based rate)
Potential additional annual incentives (i.e. tax credits)
Potential additional annual revenue streams (i.e. green tag sales or other renewable energy
subsidies or programs that might be available)
Discuss the non-economic public benefits to Alaskans over the lifetime of the project
The biggest economic and public benefit will be the elimination of nearly 400,000 gallons of fuel oil
that would have otherwise been consumed by the Craig High School over the next 20 years. The
education of the public as to the viability of wood heat is important as well.
The more facilities that come on line with biomass heating systems, the greater the acceptance of
wood fuel and the more developed and stable the market becomes. As the market grows, more
and more people are positively affected. More and better fuel supplies, better infrastructure (i.e.
fuel deliveries and furnaces) as well as better maintenance people and greater fuel independence
all are benefits for Prince of Wales Island.
The forest also becomes more utilized and there are fewer emissions associated with fuel oil
deliveries to the island.
In the past there have been fuel shortages on the island. As more wood fuel is used less outside
fuel is needed and in the case of emergency we would have hydro electricity and wood heat.
Community safety and energy independence are increased by this project.
Job creation is a possibility as we make wood fuel into a small local industry.
The kids are the biggest winners as more energy and resources can be applied to their education
rather than utilities.
SECTION 6– SUSTAINABILITY
Discuss the operation of the completed project so that it will be sustainable.
Include at a minimum:
Proposed business structure(s) and concepts that may be considered.
How the maintenance and operations of the completed project will be financed for the life of the
project
Identification of operational issues that could arise.
A description of operational costs including on-going support for any back-up or existing
systems that may be require to continue operation
Commitment to reporting the savings and benefits
The completed project will have a great value to Craig School District and will be treated as such.
Maintenance personnel do service checks on the existing oil boilers several times a day. With the
new equipment these system checks will be formalized with designated times, check lists and
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readings to be recorded and moving equipment that will be monitored and reported on. All this will
be paid for by the avoidance of fuel oil purchases and has been factored in to the cumulative
savings.
It has been the district’s experience that when dealing with wood as fuel the biggest problems are
always associated with the fuel quality. The fuel is too wet or dry, too dirty or the wrong size.
Problems with the fuel are immediately transferred to the delivery system and the boiler. Fuel will
be the biggest issue. The more wood fuel used by biomass systems the better the fuel quality will
become.
These systems are not new and are being used at the Coast Guard base and Library in Ketchikan.
We are committed to reporting the savings and making them public because we think that
alternative heating systems are important on Prince of Wales Island.
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SECTION 7 – READINESS & COMPLIANCE WITH OTHER GRANTS
Discuss what you have done to prepare for this award and how quickly you intend to proceed with
work once your grant is approved.
Tell us what you may have already accomplished on the project to date and identify other grants
that may have been previously awarded for this project and the degree you have been able to
meet the requirements of previous grants.
No previous grants have been awarded on the project. The Craig City School District has multiple
grants for operations and capital projects. The district has the personnel, financial accountability
and fiscal resources to move forward with this grant.
SECTION 8 – LOCAL SUPPORT AND OPPOSITION
Discuss local support and opposition, known or anticipated, for the project. Include letters of
support or other documentation of local support from the community that would benefit from this
project. The Documentation of support must be dated within one year of the RFA date of July 2,
2014.
The public has been very supportive of the district’s proposal to transition to a biomass heating
system and has supported efforts to find funding for a wood boiler. 100% of the input at public
school board meetings has been in favor of less expensive fuel. The Craig City Council is in favor
of fuel independence and job creation in addition to savings by the school. The city and the school
are excited about a project that will help the school save money as enrollment continues to drop
and budgets keep contracting. The school and city have passed resolutions of support that are
attached to this application.
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SECTION 9 – GRANT BUDGET
Tell us how much you are seeking in grant funds. Include any investments to date and funding
sources, how much is being requested in grant funds, and additional investments you will make as
an applicant.
9.2 Funding sources and Financial Commitment
Provide a narrative summary regarding funding source and your financial commitment to the
project
We are looking to the State of Alaska as our primary source of funding for this project.
9.3 Cost Estimate for Metering Equipment
Please provide a short narrative, and cost estimate, identifying the metering equipment, and its
related use to comply with the operations reporting requirement identified in Section 3.15 of the
Request for Applications.
Metering equipment is not necessary to track this project. Tracking will be done by tracking costs
associated with capital installation of the equipment, O&M costs accounted to the system and
comparison of heating fuel used before and after installation of the wood heating system.
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Applications MUST include a separate worksheet for each project phase that was identified in
section 2.3.2 of this application, (I. Reconnaissance, II. Feasibility and Conceptual Design, III. Final
Design and Permitting, and IV. Construction and Commissioning). Please use the tables provided
below to detail your proposed project’s budget. Be sure to use one table for each phase of your
project.
If you have any question regarding how to prepare these tables or if you need assistance preparing
the application please feel free to contact AEA at 907-771-3031 or by emailing the Grants
Administrator, Shawn Calfa, at scalfa@aidea.org.
Milestone or Task
Anticipated
Completion
Date
RE- Fund
Grant Funds
Grantee
Matching
Funds
Source of
Matching
Funds:
Cash/In-
kind/Federal
Grants/Other
State
Grants/Other
TOTALS
(List milestones based on
phase and type of project.
See Milestone list below. )
$ $ $
Complete engineering and
design bid documents 1/1/15 $68,000 $ $68,000
$ $ $
$ $ $
$ $ $
$ $ $
$ $ $
$ $ $
$ $ $
$ $ $
$ $ $
$ $ $
TOTALS $68,000 $ $68,000
Budget Categories:
Direct Labor & Benefits $ $ $
Travel & Per Diem $ $ $
Equipment $ $ $
Materials & Supplies $ $ $
Contractual Services $68,000 $ $68,000
Construction Services $ $ $
Other $ $ $
TOTALS $68,000 $ $68,000
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Milestone or Task
Anticipated
Completion
Date
RE- Fund
Grant Funds
Grantee
Matching
Funds
Source of
Matching
Funds:
Cash/In-
kind/Federal
Grants/Other
State
Grants/Other
TOTALS
(List milestones based on
phase and type of project.
See Milestone list below. )
$ $ $
Equipment Purchase 3/1/15 $303,250 $10,000 Local funds $313,250
Installation 9/1/15 $96,850 $ $96,850
Commissioning 9/14/15 $25,000 $ $25,000
$ $ $
EEM In-Kind Match $ $900 EEM 7, 10 $900
EEM In-Kind Match $ $33,700 EEM 17 $33,700
EEM In-Kind Match $ $59,700 EEM 20 $59,700
EEM In-Kind Match $ $81,050 LED – local
funds $81,050
EEM In-Kind Match $ $1500 Water Heater
– local funds $1,500
$ $ $
$ $ $
TOTALS $425,100 $186,850 $611,950
Budget Categories:
Direct Labor & Benefits $ $ $
Travel & Per Diem $ $ $
Equipment $303,250 $10,000 Local funds $313,250
Materials & Supplies $ $ $
Contractual Services $121,850 $ $121,850
Construction Services $ $ $
Other (in-kind) $ $176,850 In-kind $176,850
TOTALS $ $ $611,950
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Milestone or Task
Anticipated
Completion
Date
RE- Fund
Grant Funds
Grantee
Matching
Funds
Source of
Matching
Funds:
Cash/In-
kind/Federal
Grants/Other
State
Grants/Other
TOTALS
(List milestones based on
phase and type of project.
See Milestone list below. )
$ $ $
$ $ $
$ $ $
$ $ $
$ $ $
$ $ $
$ $ $
$ $ $
$ $ $
$ $ $
$ $ $
$ $ $
TOTALS $ $ $
Budget Categories:
Direct Labor & Benefits $ $ $
Travel & Per Diem $ $ $
Equipment $ $ $
Materials & Supplies $ $ $
Contractual Services $ $ $
Construction Services $ $ $
Other $ $ $
TOTALS $ $ $
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Milestone or Task
Anticipated
Completion
Date
RE- Fund
Grant Funds
Grantee
Matching
Funds
Source of
Matching
Funds:
Cash/In-
kind/Federal
Grants/Other
State
Grants/Other
TOTALS
(List milestones based on
phase and type of project.
See Milestone list below. )
$ $ $
$ $ $
$ $ $
$ $ $
$ $ $
$ $ $
$ $ $
$ $ $
$ $ $
$ $ $
$ $ $
$ $ $
TOTALS $ $ $
Budget Categories:
Direct Labor & Benefits $ $ $
Travel & Per Diem $ $ $
Equipment $ $ $
Materials & Supplies $ $ $
Contractual Services $ $ $
Construction Services $ $ $
Other $ $ $
TOTALS $ $ $
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SECTION 10 – AUTHORIZED SIGNERS FORM
Community/Grantee Name:
Craig City School District
Regular Election is held:
1st Tuesday in October
Date: September 2, 2014
Authorized Grant Signer(s):
Printed Name Title Term Signature
John J. Walsh Superintendent
I authorize the above person(s) to sign Grant Documents:
(Highest ranking organization/community/municipal official)
Printed Name Title Term Signature
Robert Claus Board President
Grantee Contact Information:
Mailing Address: PO Box 800
Craig, AK 99921
Phone Number: 907-826-3274
Fax Number: 907-826-3322
E-mail Address: jwalsh@craigschools.com
Federal Tax ID #: 92-6000091
Please submit an updated form whenever there is a change to the above information.
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SECTION 11 – ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTATION AND CERTIFICATION
SUBMIT THE FOLLOWING DOCUMENTS WITH YOUR APPLICATION:
A. Contact information and resumes of Applicant’s Project Manager, Project
Accountant(s), key staff, partners, consultants, and suppliers per application form
Section 3.1, 3.4 and 3.6.
Applicants are asked to provide resumes submitted with applications in separate electronic
documents if the individuals do not want their resumes posted to the project web site.
B. Letters or resolutions demonstrating local support per application form Section 8.
C. For heat projects only: Most recent invoice demonstrating the cost of heating fuel for
the building(s) impacted by the project.
D. Governing Body Resolution or other formal action taken by the applicant’s governing
body or management per RFA Section 1.4 that:
- Commits the organization to provide the matching resources for project at the
match amounts indicated in the application.
- Authorizes the individual who signs the application has the authority to commit
the organization to the obligations under the grant.
- Provides as point of contact to represent the applicant for purposes of this
application.
- Certifies the applicant is in compliance with applicable federal, state, and local,
laws including existing credit and federal tax obligations.
E. An electronic version of the entire application on CD or other electronic media, per
RFA Section 1.7.
F. CERTIFICATION
The undersigned certifies that this application for a renewable energy grant is truthful
and correct, and that the applicant is in compliance with, and will continue to comply
with, all federal and state laws including existing credit and federal tax obligations and
that they can indeed commit the entity to these obligations.
Print Name John J. Walsh
Signature
Title Superintendent
Date
1
Preliminary Feasibility Assessment for Conversion
from Fossil Fuel Oil to Wood Heating
For The Craig High School, Craig, Alaska
Prepared for:
Mr. Jack Walsh,
Superintendent
Craig School
District
Prepared by:
Robert Deering &
Daniel Parrent,
Biomass Program
Managers
USDA Forest Service
Submitted 27 August 2013
This report is provided by the Alaska Wood Energy Development Task Group, supported by the Alaska
Energy Authority and the USDA Forest Service
2
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:
Two wood heating options were evaluated for the conversion of the Craig High School from oil heat –
wood pellets and microchips (small, partially‐dried wood chips). A sensitivity analysis was conducted for
the microchip option, analyzing economics at three different chip prices. In every scenario wood fuel
appears to have a substantially lower lifecycle cost than the oil‐burning status quo.
Status Quo Pellet Chip‐Low Chip‐Medium Chip‐High
Capital Cost 0 $319,790 $502,850 $502,850 $502,850
Oil usage ‐ 20 years (gal) 389,180 973 973 973 973
Oil Price(2014) $4.05 $4.05 $4.05 $4.05 $4.05
Pellet usage ‐ 20 years (tons) N/A 3,133 N/A N/A N/A
Pellet Price N/A $325 N/A N/A N/A
Chip usage ‐ 20 years (tons) N/A N/A 194 194 194
Chip Price N/A N/A $70 $125 $170
Total fuel cost ‐ 20 years $3,139,295 $1,455,776 $503,371 $775,547 $998,237
Fuel cost savings ‐ 20 years) 0 $1,683,519 $2,635,924 $2,363,748 $2,141,059
Simple payback (years) NA 13.3 8.2 9.9 12.0
Cumulative costs (20 years) $3,299,295 $1,993,566 $1,249,021 $1,521,197 $1,743,887
NPV $787,961 $1,284,378 $1,086,436 $924,483
Benefit/Cost Ratio 1.17 1.72
PROJECT DESCRIPTION:
In late 2012, organizations were invited to submit a Statement of Interest (SOI) to the Alaska Wood
Energy Development Task Group (AWEDTG) seeking grant‐funded pre‐feasibility assessments for the
conversion of their facilities from fossil fuel heating to wood fueled heating. All of the facilities that
were submitted for assessments will receive them – however, the facilities in Southeast Alaska will
receive ‘truncated’ assessments conducted by Forest Service and AEA staff rather than contracted
consultants, in order to extend the limited available budget. AWEDTG representatives visited Craig in
March of 2013 and information was obtained for the school facility. Preliminary assessments were
made and challenges identified. Potential wood energy systems were considered for the project using
AWEDTG, USDA and AEA objectives for energy efficiency and emissions. Preliminary findings are
reported.
3
The community of Craig, Alaska is no stranger to wood‐fired boilers in institutional settings. In 2008
they installed a wood‐fired boiler system which heats the community’s swimming pool, elementary, and
middle schools, utilizing wood chips sourced from the nearby Viking Lumber Company sawmill.
Given that the community is familiar with the wood energy concepts being evaluated in this report, and
that this is a truncated study, many of the typical rudimentary subjects of wood energy will be dispensed
with. This report will focus in on the key practical and economic elements associated with the
recommendations specific to the Craig High School conversion in accordance with the following Goals
and Objectives:
• Identify the Craig High School facility as a potential candidate for heating with wood
• Evaluate the suitability of the facility and site for installation of a wood‐fired boiler
• Assess the type(s) and availability of wood fuel(s)
• Size and estimate the rough capital costs of suitable wood‐fired system(s)
• Estimate the annual operation and maintenance costs of a wood‐fired system
• Estimate the potential economic benefits from installing a wood‐fired heating system
SITE DESCRIPTION:
The Craig High School is a 52,219 square foot building that contains offices, classrooms, commons,
library, gym, auditorium, shop, and mechanical support spaces. The building is occupied by 95 students
and 10 staff members. Heat is provided by two 3,270 MBH Weil McClain oil‐fired boilers connected to a
hydronic heat distribution system consisting primarily of a number of heating coils in air handling units.
The area around the school is gentle hills and mostly wooded, with a housing development to the
southeast. Access to the Main Building is unencumbered. Identifying a suitable location for a wood
fired boiler should not be problematic.
4
Figure 1 ‐ Craig High School
Current Conditions
Building Energy Usage – Energy performance of the Craig High School is substandard compared
to similar schools, according to a recent energy audit conducted under an AHFC program. The
audit identified numerous energy efficiency measures (EEMs) which could significantly reduce
thermal energy consumption at the school. For this reason, it’s highly recommended that the
most significant EEMs be addressed prior to boiler replacement.
Boiler room location
5
Heating EEMs –The State of Alaska’s Renewable Energy Fund provides grants for projects such
as the one being considered here on a competitive basis. Communities that contribute their
own resources toward a portion of the project generally are more competitive for grant funding.
Community investments toward energy efficiency on the same building would be considered ‘in‐
kind’ contributions toward the project, increasing the chances of successful grant selection, as
well as saving money through efficiency measures. The EEMs most relevant to the heating
system are listed below:
Energy Efficiency Measures (from
October 2011 AHFC Energy Audit) Cost
25 yr
Savings
25 yr
Net
Oil
Savings
(Gal/year)
EEM‐1 thru 6: Building envelope $5,000 $125,000
$120,000 1,000 (Estimated values)
EEM‐7: Turn Off Standby Boiler $200 $78,700 $78,500 674
EEM‐8: Install Pipe Insulation $900 $46,000 $45,100 394
EEM‐12: Optimize Gym AHU‐5 $55,000 $166,600
$111,600 1,016
EEM16‐: Install Valves on Unit
Heaters $4,400 $9,500 $5,100 81
EEM‐18: Optimize Auditorium AHU‐3 $62,800 $124,100 $61,300 491
EEM‐20: Optimize Commons AHU‐4 $59,700 $98,200 $38,500 511
$188,000 $648,100 $460,100 4,167
Estimated boiler size & fuel consumption (post‐EEM) – Determining the optimal size of the biomass
boiler is a matter of some uncertainty due to the oversized boilers currently installed in the school and
the extent of heat loss due to poor building envelope efficiency. The energy audit noted that the
current heating plant is approximate five times larger than would typically be installed in a school this
size. Biomass boilers are normally sized considerably less than 100% of the peak heating load in order to
assure efficient combustion during the majority of the heating season. For Craig, Alaska, that size would
likely be approximately 75% of the peak load, which would meet approximately 95% of the school’s
heating energy needs. A more detailed boiler sizing assessment would need to be performed during the
design phase of the project. Assuming that the above EEMs are addressed, an appropriately sized
biomass boiler would be approximately 1 million BTU (MMBTU) or less.
An alternative configuration which might be considered is two smaller biomass boilers totaling some 1.2
MMBTU. This configuration provides for higher system efficiency by allowing the boilers to operate
closer to their peak loads during varying heating load situations, resulting in a higher percentage of the
building’s heating oil usage to be displaced with biomass fuel. It also provides for additional system
redundancy. These advantages come at the price of higher capital cost, more space utilization demands,
6
possibly higher O&M expenditures, and more complexity in integrating operations and controls. While a
multiple‐boiler configuration warrants careful consideration during the design phase of the conversion
project, this study will assume that a single biomass boiler is deployed for purposes of the economic
analysis.
Fuel inflation rates & assumptions – Future fuel prices have a surprisingly large effect on the economic
viability of a biomass project. No one has a crystal ball when it comes to heating oil prices, and past
prices have been highly unpredictable and have fluctuated widely. Over the past twenty years (the
timeframe of this feasibility study), heating oil prices in Western states have increased approximately
6.75% faster than the general rate of inflation. The economic analysis spreadsheet which accompanies
this report allows for alternate inflation assumptions to be input to gauge the impacts on those
assumptions on the overall economics of the project.
Wood energy options ‐ Prince of Wales Island is rich in wood energy alternatives.
Cordwood – The Craig High School is considered to be a poor match for the High School from an
operational labor cost and system integration standpoint. The High School requires high
temperature water, while cordwood systems integrate best with systems that utilize lower
temperature water in their heating systems. Trying to meet the demands of a high temperature
system would require frequent stoking of the cordwood boiler to maintain high temperatures, a
labor‐intensive process. For those reasons cordwood will not be considered further in this
study.
Green chips – Undried wood chips, containing a moisture content of 50% or more (wet basis) are
readily available from the nearby Viking Lumber Company, which manufactures them in large
quantities for the pulp and paper industry. The City of Craig utilizes these chips for the existing
biomass boiler plant.
Green chips are an appropriate fuel for larger boiler systems, which are configured to ‘pre‐dry’
the fuel prior to combustion. But smaller boilers, such as are being considered for the Craig
High School, typically are not capable of efficiently burning green chips. For this reason, green
chips will not be considered further in this study.
Wood pellets – Pellet boilers offer many attractive advantages over green chip boilers, including
smaller form factor, higher efficiency, lower O&M costs, better air emissions, and lower capital
costs. Bulk pellets are only available from off‐island sources at this time. Tongass Forest
Enterprises in Ketchikan operates a small pellet mill which is capable of meeting the High
School’s heating fuel needs at a competitive price to heating oil. Bulk pellets are also available
from suppliers in British Columbia and the Lower‐48. There has been conjecture regarding the
possibility of a pellet mill being established on Prince of Wales Island in the future which should
7
result in significantly less expensive pellets if such a mill were to ever become a reality. Tongass
Forest Enterprises quoted a delivered price of $325 per ton ($23.50/MMBTU). This price can be
modified in the spreadsheet provided with this report.
Microchips – these chips are smaller and drier than a green pulp‐grade chip, typically about 1.25
inches in maximum length and dried to approximately 25% moisture content. A microchip
offers many significant advantages when used in an application such as the Craig High School
boiler:
a. The chips can be utilized as an alternate fuel in many pellet boilers that would be
suitable for the High School, with little modification to the boilers, and with most of
the corresponding benefits of high efficiency, low O&M, etc. that pellet boilers
enjoy.
b. While microchips are more expensive than green chips due to the extra energy
involved with drying and processing them to a reduced size, they are significantly
cheaper on a per‐BTU basis than either wood pellets or heating oil. An estimated
delivered cost for microchips from Viking Lumber is $125 per ton ($12 per MMBTU),
though that cost could vary significantly once the dryer system is operational. The
drying rates established in the lease with the City of Craig (the owner of the rotary
drum dryer leased to Viking Lumber) is that drying would be provided to the general
public for $85 per ton, in addition to feedstock costs. With green chips currently
provided to the City for $30 per ton, the combined cost would be at most $115 per
ton. The price of microchips can be modified in the spreadsheet provided with this
report.
c. Microchips can be sourced from local feedstocks. Viking Lumber is installing a chip
dryer which will be able to produce a suitably dried chip. Viking Lumber officials
state that the size of their chips already meet the 1‐1/4” specification, so dried chips
from Viking Lumber should usable in many commercial pellet boilers with little or no
pre‐processing for size.
d. Because microchips have been partially dried, they eliminate problems associated
with freezing into clumps in storage, as well as problems with decomposition from
composting activity. The additional drying processing and screening results in less
likelihood of foreign debris contaminating the fuel to cause problems with fuel feed
augers and boiler combustion systems.
e. Dried microchips contain higher concentrations of energy than green chips both on
a weight and volume basis.
Microchips do entail certain considerations during design and operation:
a. Because they are a dried product, they must be protected from the weather once
produced. At MC20 their moisture content should remain stable when exposed to
8
the atmosphere as long as they’re protected from precipitation or liquid
condensation.
b. Microchips will not have the same ‘flow’ characteristics as pellets when moving
them through the chip storage and boiler feed system, where gravity feed systems
combined with flexible augers have proven to be quite effective for pellets. This will
typically entail more significant (and expensive) auger systems than a pellet boiler
might use, with less flexibility in configuration and layout of the feed systems.
c. Microchips, with a moisture content of 20% or even higher, have less net energy per
ton than wood pellets, at a moisture content of about 5%, do. An additional 15% of
that ton is made up of water rather than wood, so less actual fuel is present.
Additionally, the water that’s present must be evaporated during combustion,
which further erodes the available energy in that ton of chips. The end result of this
is that a pellet boiler must be de‐rated by roughly 20% from its peak load, meaning
that a larger boiler may need to be selected to supply the necessary heating load.
d. Microchips have significantly less net energy per unit volume than do wood pellets
or oil. The chips are ‘fluffier’ than pellets (roughly 10 lbs/cu. ft. vs. 45 lbs/cu. ft. for
pellets) and come nowhere near the energy density of heating oil. This will
necessitate larger fuel storage and/or more frequent deliveries. Fortunately, the
close proximity of Viking Lumber means that relatively frequent deliveries will not
be excessively costly.
Boiler Suppliers – For the purposes of this study, the boiler system will be assumed to be a pellet
boiler(s) which has the capability of also burning a microchip fuel. This is a competitive landscape in the
boiler market with numerous manufacturers offering suitable boilers in this output range. Several
boilers already have a presence in Alaska including the KOB/Veissmann from Austria, the Advanced
Combustion Technology Bioenergy (ACT Bioenergy) from Schenectady, NY, and the LEI Bioburner from
Madisonville, KY (no boilers yet in Alaska, but a dealer is established). Numerous other comparable
boilers are also available on the market. For the purposes of this analysis, a boiler quote from ACT
Bioenergy was used as it represents a mid‐priced boiler system. The price of the boiler system can be
modified in the spreadsheet provided with this report.
Boiler Siting and Configuration – The existing boiler room in the High School houses two large oil‐fired
boilers. If one of these boilers were to be removed, that would provide ample room for one or more
smaller biomass boilers. Additionally, this would allow the biomass boiler to utilize the existing boiler
exhaust stack and simplify the integration of the boiler(s) with the existing building hot water
distribution system. It would also negate the need to run glycol in the boiler system and separate it
from the building’s system with a heat exchanger (assuming the building is currently not running glycol)
if the boiler were sited in a separate containerized system.
9
One challenge to siting the boiler in that location is the numerous electrical panels along the exterior
wall which would potentially interfere with any fuel feed system. Current electrical codes should be
consulted as well to ensure that noncompliance would not result if a boiler was located in front of those
panels.
An alternative site for the boiler would be in the unutilized shop classroom adjacent to the boiler room.
While this room is well located and has ample space for a boiler, it would need to be carefully reviewed
for fire code compliance and exhaust stack siting.
The final option for siting the boiler is to place it inside of a preconfigured containerized system. This
would allow for the placement of the boiler outside of the building, connecting the boiler to the
building’s hot water distribution system via connecting tubing. The advantage of this system is that it
consumes virtually no space from inside the school. The container can serve as both the housing for the
boiler as well as the fuel storage bin. It also allows for the boiler system to be preconfigured and tested
at the factory and brought on site in a ‘plug‐and‐play’ status. This can significantly reduce installation
time and costs, and result in a less troublesome commissioning process.
Fuel handling and storage – In any of the boiler configurations, the fuel storage would be located
outside of the boiler room adjacent to the boiler room behind the school. Pellet storage is handled
rather simply with a vertical metal silo which connects to the boilers fuel feed system via a flexible auger
or pneumatic system. The pellets would be delivered to this silo in bulk, typically with a truck outfitted
with an auger feed system or with a pneumatic blower unit. Tongass Forest Enterprises utilizes an
auger‐feed truck.
Chips require a more positive fuel feed system than a silo with a flex auger. Typically this involves some
sort of chip storage bin with a sweep arm, walking floor, or traveling auger arrangement. The City of
Craig’s chip boiler utilizes a recessed walking floor bin. The chips move from the bin via a belt or auger
into the boiler’s fuel feed system.
Chips are often delivered by trucks which dump the chips via gravity or a walking floor into the recessed
chip bin. Such is the configuration with the City’s chip boiler system. The cost of building a recessed bin
at the High School would be significant, as would the cost of building a ramp for trucks to back up prior
to dumping.
There are a wide variety of approaches to addressing the chip storage and unloading challenge. The
approach used in this analysis addresses both storage and chip delivery as an integrated system. It also
addresses the recurring problem of foreign material such as ice, dirt, and rocks contaminating the chips
in the City boiler due to the delivery trucks being used for multiple purposes besides chip hauling. This
solution relies on standard farm technology since the technologies for handling and storing agricultural
products are often easily transferrable to biomass applications.
10
Farm silage wagons carry significant volumes (30+ cubic yards) of chips and utilize a chain‐drag live floor
to move the chips forward. At the front of the wagon one or more auger systems are utilized to loosen
the clumps of chips, which fall onto a transverse belt which conveys the chips out a side chute into the
boiler’s chip handling system. This wagon feed system can be interlocked with the boiler’s feed system
through a simple control connection. By disconnecting the wagon’s control cable, the wagon would be
freed up to be transported to the Viking Mill (or other supplier on‐island or in Ketchikan) for refilling. If
the High School owned two trailers, it could always have a full one ready to be ‘hot‐swapped’ with the
empty one, allowing ample time for refilling the empty. A new farm wagon custom configured for this
application would cost about $50,000. The price of the wagon can be modified in the spreadsheet
provided with this report.
There are obviously many different ways that fuel storage and delivery can be approached, so various
options should be carefully considered during the design phase of this project.
Project Economics – This analysis attempts to compare the capital and operational costs of the status
quo (oil boilers) option versus pellet and chip boiler options over a 20‐year period. It assumes that
heating oil costs a reported $4.05 per gallon. The price of heating oil can be modified in the spreadsheet
provided with this report. The analysis also performs a sensitivity analysis on the price of chips since the
price of this fuel is somewhat uncertain at this time, comparing the economics at three prices (low,
medium, and high).
The various options are compared by cumulative annual cost as well as by net present value –
representing the aggregated costs over 20 years in a single 2013 value. The option with the lowest NPV
is the least cost option.
Note that the analysis assumes that biomass only displaces 95% of the oil usage, so 5% of the oil usage is
still included in the biomass option analyses.
11
Figure 2 Present Value of Costs (smaller is better)
$‐
$500,000.00
$1,000,000.00
$1,500,000.00
$2,000,000.00
$2,500,000.00
Existing Oil Boiler ‐ No Change
Option
Wood Pellet Boiler
Wood Microchip Boiler ‐ Low
Cost Chip Option
Wood Microchip Boiler ‐
Medium Cost Chip Option
Wood Microchip Boiler ‐ High
Cost Chip Option
$‐
$500,000.00
$1,000,000.00
$1,500,000.00
$2,000,000.00
$2,500,000.00
$3,000,000.00
$3,500,000.00
20 Year Cumulative Cost Chart
Existing Oil Boiler ‐ No
Change Option
Wood Pellet Boiler
Wood Microchip Boiler ‐
Low Cost Chip Option
Wood Microchip Boiler ‐
Medium Cost Chip Option
Wood Microchip Boiler ‐
High Cost Chip Option
12
As shown in the Cumulative Cost chart, as the price of oil rises faster than the price of the other wood
fuels, the costs rapidly mount up. A sensitivity analysis was performed on the projected escalation rate
of oil (6.75%), and even when oil escalation approached 1%, it was still the most expensive option.
B/C Ratio – One of the goals of this study is to prepare the recipients to submit an application for a State
of Alaska Renewable Energy Fund grant. To that end, this analysis calculates the Benefit/Cost Ratio
required for that application.
The B/C Ratio calculation utilizes fuel price escalation assumptions established by the State of Alaska
which are based on U.S. Energy Information Agency price projections. The EIA price projections have
historically underestimated oil price inflation by a wide margin. For example, in 2001 oil was $28.21 per
barrel. At that time EIA was projecting that the price of crude in 2011 would be $27.28 per bbl. The
actual price turned out to be $102.70. This was not atypical of EIA’s underestimates. Therefore, for the
purposes of the B/C Ratio the mandated EIA inflation estimates are used, but for the rest of the analysis
an oil inflation rate of 6.75% is used, which more accurately represents oil inflation over the past 20
years. However, even if the escalation rate of oil is set to zero percent, some of the microchip options
still have a lower lifecycle cost than the status quo.
Other Considerations – The following issues bear further analysis or investigation during later phases of
this project:
Air Emissions – The Alaska Energy Authority requires that any boilers which receive RE grant
funding must demonstrate independent third party emissions testing for the type of fuel which
will be burned in it. Before any boiler selection is made, it’s strongly recommended that AEA be
consulted with to confirm that the boiler manufacturer has satisfied the testing requirement.
Testing information must be requested from the boiler manufacturer as AEA does not track
manufacturer‐specific information.
Air Emissions II – While the area surrounding the High School is largely wooded and
undeveloped, there is a residential area to the south of the school which is on the slope above
the school. Pellet and microchip boilers are clean‐burning devices but they still do produce
some particulate emissions which can be unhealthy at higher concentrations. Reducing
exposure to these emissions is imperative, and the following strategies can be utilized:
a. Implement all of the EEMs identified in the Energy Audit. This will reduce the heat
lost from the school, and thus reduce the amount of fuel that needs to be burned to
replace it.
b. Select and install a low‐emitting boiler which has been third‐party tested in
accordance with AEA’s standards.
13
c. Perform an emissions analysis as part of the design. The design firm can contract
with an emissions specialist which can evaluate the site and the meteorological data
and make recommendations regarding things like boiler exhaust stack height.
d. Operate the boiler in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, performing
all scheduled maintenance and using quality fuel.
Fuel Security – Currently Viking Lumber is the obvious source of chip fuel for the school. But
given the decline of the forest products industry in Southeast Alaska, it’s conceivable that Viking
could shut down at some future time. Even in that eventuality, a pellet/chip boiler is viable.
Assuming that Tongass Forest Enterprises is still in operation, either chips or pellets can be
sourced from Ketchikan. Other mills on POW are also capable of producing an acceptable chip
fuel with some investment in equipment. In the worst case scenario, pellets would need to be
sourced from out of state, but given current price disparities, even imported pellets would enjoy
a significant price advantage over heating with oil.
Project Financing – A project like this typically would be funded one of three ways:
a. Government grants – Similar to the City of Craig biomass boiler, which received a
number of grants totaling in excess of $1,000,000 towards design and construction,
the Craig School District could elect to pursue grants for this project. The financial
projections for the project are fairly positive and this project may prove to be
competitive for grants from the Alaska Renewable Energy program or elsewhere.
Note that grants are highly competitive and the pool of ‘free’ money is shrinking.
The economic benefits of this project are such that there’s little justification in
waiting – each year lost waiting represents another year of significant lost savings.
b. Bank Loans – The projected cash flows resulting from the savings from this project
are substantial and more than adequate to pay for the amortized costs of a project
loan.
c. AHFC Loans – The EEM portion of this project is likely to be largely eligible for low‐
interest loans for the Alaska Housing Finance Corporation, the same entity that paid
for the energy audit.
In addition to the above financing options, there may be others such as ESCO‐funded
projects which are third‐party financed but paid for from the savings of the project.
Conclusions – Conversion to biomass appears to be an excellent opportunity for the Craig High School.
Every biomass option compares very favorably with the status quo and all of them ‘pay off’ within 5 to 8
years. The pellet option enjoys a significant early advantage due to its lower capital costs for fuel
storage, but the microchip options all ultimately yield lower costs, even at the extraordinarily high chip
option of $170 per ton.
14
Building efficiency improvements go hand‐in‐hand with converting to biomass fuel. The recent AHFC
energy audit identified numerous opportunities for improvements to the building’s thermal energy
performance. Some of these improvements can be accomplished by inhouse staff, and it’s been
reported that many already have been completed; other improvements will require a financial
investment to hire specialized contractors. Not only will these improvements result in lower energy
costs, but they will also allow for lower capital expenditures on the boiler conversion by reducing the
required size of the boiler and fuel storage. The energy audit identified many EEMs related to electrical
savings, such as lighting change‐outs, but the focus of the improvements in this context should be on the
EEMs that improve the building’s thermal energy performance, as identified on Page 5 above.
The B/C Ratio suggests that this project would compete well for RE Fund grant money. With first‐year
savings of between $25,000 and $61,000, in some options those savings exceed the cost of fuel. The
analysis suggests that microchips yield immediate annual savings adequate to pay for the amortized
costs of borrowing money to finance 100% of the boiler and the EEM improvements. As the savings of
using chips increase with the growing price of oil, the financial benefits of converting to biomass become
more compelling.
15
Site Photos
Figure 3Existing oil‐fired boilers
Figure 4 Distribution pumps
16
Figure 5 Outside boiler room/Shop classroom ‐ fuel storage location out here?
!!!!!
!
Craig High School
Craig City School District!
!
Funded by:
Final Report
October 2011
Prepared by:
Energy Audit
!"#$%&’(&)’*+%*+,&
Section 1: Executive Summary 2!
Section 2: Introduction 7!
Section 3: Energy Efficiency Measures 9!
Section 4: Description of Systems 17!
Section 5: Methodology 20!
Appendix A: Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 23!
Appendix B: Utility and Energy Data 33!
Appendix C: Equipment Data 39!
Appendix D: Abbreviations 44
&
-./0+&!%"1&
The energy audit is performed by Alaska Energy Engineering LLC of Juneau, Alaska. The audit team
consists of:
! Jim Rehfeldt, P.E., Energy Engineer
! Jack Christiansen, Energy Consultant
! Brad Campbell, Energy Auditor
! Loras O’Toole P.E., Mechanical Engineer
! Will Van Dyken P.E., Electrical Engineer
! Curt Smit, P.E., Mechanical Engineer
! Philip Iverson, Construction Estimator
! Karla Hart, Technical Publications Specialist
! Jill Carlile, Data Analyst
! Grayson Carlile, Energy Modeler
!"#$%&’$%(&)*(++,-./0"%1&234$5&67*5+80"&9:--;
!"#$%&’()(
*+"#,$%-"(!,../01(
An energy audit of the Craig High School was performed by Alaska Energy Engineering LLC. The
investment grade audit was funded by Alaska Housing Finance Corporation (AHFC) to identify
opportunities to improve the energy performance of public buildings throughout Alaska.
Craig High School is a 52,219 square foot building that contains offices, classrooms, commons, a
library, a gym, an auditorium, a shop, and mechanical support spaces.
Building Assessment
The following summarizes our assessment of the building.
Envelope
The building ventilation and heating systems are designed to only work efficiently and effectively if
the building envelope is tightly sealed. The design and construction of the building envelope and the
rooftop ductwork penetrations have resulted in a very poorly sealed building. Significant energy
losses and operational concerns exist in the second floor fan room spaces and the unfinished second
floor space, including:
- An unused 20” diameter opening through the insulated roof on the northwest end of the
building for exhaust fan EF-8 which was never installed.
- A 6’ x 12’ uninsulated portion of the ceiling with a 1-1/2’ x 3’ opening at the peak of the
roof in the fan room adjacent to the auditorium.
- Insufficient plenum return openings for AHU-1 through the second floor on the south
side.
- Unsealed duct work penetrations through the roof of the building.
- The building design which utilizes a steel beam and corrugated roofing underlayment
adds to the difficulty of sealing the building envelope.
Improper roof penetration sealing around exhaust duct penetrations also raises a concern with
drawing exhaust from the restrooms back into the second floor space where it can mix with classroom
return air and then be redistributed throughout the classrooms by AHU-1.
Proper AHU-1 operation for the heating and ventilating of classroom spaces requires that the
unfinished second floor acts as a return plenum to move return air from the classrooms to AHU-1.
Outside air infiltration through the unnecessary rooftop openings combined with poor ductwork
sealing efforts causes mixing of the warm return air with colder outside air, thereby reducing the
return air temperature to AHU-1 and increasing the heating demand on the unit. Energy will be saved
if the building envelop leakage issues are corrected.
When AHU-1 is off and not pulling air from the second floor space, warm air from the second floor is
leaking through the unsealed roof penetrations. As the warm air passing through the openings cools, it
can condense within the roof penetration space and cause water damage above the corrugated roofing
base and below the roof insulation. This appears to be happening at multiple locations in the attic and
could reduce the life of the building envelope.
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AHU-1 supply and return air flows should be balanced and verified through retro-commissioning
once the building envelope is sealed to ensure efficient operations.
- The holes cut in the second story floor to provide an air path from the first floor return
plenum appear to be too small and may be requiring AHU-1 return fan to operate at an
increased electrical demand. Since the building envelope is excessively leaky, the
undersized plenum return openings cause more outside air to be being pulled into the
second floor space. This was quantified on the DDC by seeing a substantial drop in return
air temperature from the first floor to AHU-1, the result of which will increase the
heating demand of AHU-1. Larger floor openings will result in reduced flow restrictions
on the return air and thereby reduce heating loads of AHU-1 and should decrease the
electrical loading of AHU-1 return fan.
- The return air silencers in the fan room wall are also undersized, which is causing the
return fan to operate at higher speeds and energy consumption.
Exterior doors are not thermally broken. Future exterior door replacement selection should include
this feature. Weather stripping on exterior doors is in need of replacement throughout.
Some exterior wall shingles appeared to be damaged or missing as a result of recent building pressure
washing efforts.
The roof penetrations around MAU-1 in the shop space are not sealed. Air is flowing through the
unsealed opening and condensation is occurring.
Exhaust fans are being operated after the AHU’s turn off. This may be putting a negative pressure on
the spaces within the building envelope and compounding the outside air infiltration issues.
Several of the second floor exhaust fans were not installed and the remaining fans were not installed
properly on their concrete bases.
A fire sprinkler main passes directly through the center of the EF-6 discharge duct. This is reducing
fan efficiency and may be a code violation.
The gable awning over the south gym entrance does not have gutters. As a result the drainage path for
rainwater is along the wall and down the rock face. Damage may occur to the rock face and grouting
as a result.
On a positive note, there are very few windows in the north exterior wall and none in the east exterior
wall, thus reducing heat loss on walls that have minimal solar gain.
Heating System
The building is heated by two fuel oil boilers that provide heat to five air handling unit systems, a
make-up air unit in the shop, fan coil units, and perimeter hydronic systems. Maintenance staff are
very actively managing the boiler run times to minimize fuel consumption where possible due to
normal boiler inefficiencies. The boilers are currently being operated at 120°F in an effort to conserve
energy, however this will decrease the life of the stack and the temperature should be raised to the
normal operating band. Several of the boiler loop circulation pump motors have failed and have been
replaced with less efficient models. These should be upgraded to premium efficiency motors. The
remainder of the fuel oil boiler heating system appears to be in good condition; however fairly simple
improvements, outlined in Section 3, can be made to improve its effectiveness and efficiency.
!"#$%&’$%(&)*(++,<./0"%1&234$5&67*5+80"&9:--;
Ventilation System
The building ventilation systems consists of five large air handling units located in two interior fan
rooms and one make-up air roof top unit that provide conditioned air within the building envelope. In
addition to the large air handling units there are fifteen exhaust fans mounted throughout the building
and on the roof top for the purposes of cooling spaces, improving building air quality, kitchen
operations, and fume hood exhaust air flow in the science labs.
The building air handling units and the DDC system do not appear to have been properly
commissioned following construction.
The air handling unit that provides heating and ventilation for the classrooms was brought on-line
recently through efforts by maintenance staff and a DDC programmer. The remaining systems should
be corrected in a similar fashion and a retro-commissioning effort should be performed for the entire
building upon completion of repairs and right-sizing efforts for ventilation requirements.
Locker room air handling unit AHU-4 was turned off and under repair during the audit visit.
The AHU-5 fan belt shield is off and should be reinstalled.
The air handling units are considerably over-sized for Craig, Alaska. The sizing is more appropriate
for a warmer, sunny climate that operates through the summer and experiences high solar gain. The
air flows should be “right-sized” and the systems rebalanced to save energy.
Space Existing CFM/sqft Optimal CFM/sqft % Oversized
Auditorium 2.54 1.5 69%
Gym 1.72 1.1 56%
Commons 2.49 1.6 56%
Classrooms Varies 1.0 -
Given the oversized ventilation system, consolidation would further optimize air handling and reduce
energy costs. Whole-building optimization is beyond the scope of this energy audit but is
recommended if the ventilation EEMs are pursued.
Domestic Hot Water System
An oil-fired hot water heater supplies domestic hot water. When the heater reaches the end of its
service life, it is recommended to replace it with an indirect heater connected to the boiler heating
system and a smaller oil-fired heater for summer use when the boilers are off.
Lighting
Interior lighting primarily consists of T8 and metal halide lighting. Exterior lighting consists
primarily of metal halide lighting. The interior lighting schedule and all exterior lighting, including
parking lot lighting, is controlled by staff. As a result, lighting operational hours and subsequent
electrical demand is being kept to a minimum.
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Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs)
All buildings have opportunities to improve their energy efficiency. The energy audit revealed
numerous opportunities in which an efficiency investment will result in a net reduction in long-term
operating costs.
Behavioral and Operational EEMs
The following EEMs require behavioral and operational changes in the building use. The savings are
not readily quantifiable but these EEMs are highly recommended as low-cost opportunities that are a
standard of high performance buildings.
EEM-1: Weather-strip Doors
EEM-2: Adjust Double Door Closures
EEM-3: Repair Window Weather Stripping
EEM-4: Replace Failed Window Glazing
EEM-5: Seal Building Envelope
EEM-6: Server Room Heat Recovery
High and Medium Priority EEMs
The following EEMs are recommended for investment. They are ranked by life cycle savings to
investment ratio (SIR). This ranking method places a priority on low cost EEMs which can be
immediately funded, generating energy savings to fund higher cost EEMs in the following years.
Negative values, in parenthesis, represent savings.
25 Year Life Cycle Cost Analysis
Investment Operating Energy Total SIR
High Priority
EEM-7: Turn Off Standby Boiler $200 $0 ($78,700) ($78,500) 393.5
EEM-8: Install Pipe Insulation $900 $0 ($46,000) ($45,100) 51.1
EEM-9: Replace Aerators $1,400 $0 ($67,400) ($66,000) 48.1
EEM-10: Perform Boiler Combustion Test $700 $4,600 ($21,200) ($15,900) 23.7
EEM-11: Upgrade Motors to Premium Efficiency $2,700 $0 ($9,400) ($6,700) 3.5
Medium Priority
EEM-12: Optimize Gym AHU-5 $55,000 $0 ($166,600) ($111,600) 3.0
EEM-13: Upgrade Transformer $23,600 $0 ($68,100) ($44,500) 2.9
EEM-14: Replace Exit Signs $3,300 ($1,300) ($7,100) ($5,100) 2.5
EEM-15: Increase AHU-1 Return Air Path $4,000 $0 ($10,000) ($6,000) 2.5
EEM16-: Install Valves on Unit Heaters $4,400 $0 ($9,500) ($5,100) 2.2
EEM-17: Install Modulating Boiler Burners $33,700 $15,400 ($84,600) ($35,500) 2.1
EEM-18: Optimize Auditorium AHU-3 $62,800 $0 ($124,100) ($61,300) 2.0
EEM-19: Optimize Heating System $90,600 ($15,400) ($154,800) ($79,600) 1.9
EEM-20: Optimize Commons AHU-4 $59,700 $0 ($98,200) ($38,500) 1.6
EEM-21: Install Boiler Room Heat Recovery $23,100 $4,600 ($41,500) ($13,800) 1.6
EEM-22: Reduce Locker Room Lighting $7,100 ($600) ($8,600) ($2,100) 1.3
Totals* $373,200 $7,300 ($995,800) ($615,300) 2.6
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* The analysis is based on each EEM being independent of the others. While it is likely that some
EEMs are interrelated, an isolated analysis is used to demonstrate the economics because the audit
team is not able to predict which EEMs an Owner may choose to implement. If several EEMs are
implemented, the resulting energy savings is likely to differ from the sum of each EEM projection.
Summary
It is the assessment of the energy audit team that the Craig High School staff are very focused on
lowering energy consumption at the facility in their daily operations. Unfortunately, energy efficiency
is unattainable due to a substandard building envelope and oversized air handling units that are
operating with non-optimal control sequences that were not properly commissioned. This has resulted
in a situation that cannot be corrected by operational modifications alone.
Outlined within the report are recommendations for building envelope sealing efforts, modifications
to the air handling systems and control sequences, and subsequent building retro-commissioning. The
energy audit revealed other opportunities for improving the energy performance of the Craig High
School as well. It is recommended that the behavioral and high priority EEMs be implemented now to
generate energy savings from which to fund the medium priority EEMs.
Another avenue to consider is to borrow money from AHFCs revolving loan fund for public
buildings. AHFC will loan money for energy improvements under terms that allow for paying back
the money from the energy savings. More information on this option can be found online at
http://www.ahfc.us/loans/akeerlf_loan.cfm.
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This report presents the findings of an energy audit of Craig High School located in Craig, Alaska.
The purpose of this investment grade energy audit is to evaluate the infrastructure and its subsequent
energy performance to identify applicable energy efficiencies measures (EEMs).
The energy audit report contains the following sections:
! Introduction: Building use and energy consumption.
! Energy Efficiency Measures: Priority ranking of the EEMs with a description, energy analysis,
and life cycle cost analysis.
! Description of Systems: Background description of the building energy systems.
! Methodology: Basis for how construction and maintenance cost estimates are derived and the
economic and energy factors used for the analysis.
BUILDING USE
Craig High School is a 52,219 square foot building that contains offices, classrooms, commons, a
library, a gym, an auditorium, a shop, and mechanical support spaces. The building is occupied by 95
students and 10 staff members. It is used in the following manner:
! Offices and Classrooms: 7:30 am – 3:30 pm (M-F)
! Commons: 7:00 am – 10:00 pm (M-F), 3:00pm – 9:00pm (S-Su)
! Gym 8:00 am – 10:00 pm (M-F) ), 3:00pm – 9:00pm (S-Su)
! Auditorium 12:00 pm – 3:00 pm (M-F)
! Fans: 7:30 am – 4:00 pm (M-F)
History
This building was constructed in 2000.
Energy Consumption
The building energy sources include an electric service and a fuel oil tank. Fuel oil is used for the
majority of the heating loads while electricity serves all other loads, including domestic hot water and
a limited amount of space heating. The following table shows annual energy use and cost.
Annual Energy Consumption and Cost
Source Consumption Cost Energy,
MMBtu
Electricity 259,880 kWh $69,100 890 27%
Fuel Oil 18,100 Gallons $61,900 2,460 73%
Totals - $131,000 3,350 100%
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Electricity
This chart shows electrical
energy use from 2007 to
2010.
Use has been fairly
consistent over the last
four years.
The effective cost—energy
costs plus demand
charges—is 26.6¢ per
kWh.
Fuel Oil
This chart shows heating
energy use from 2007 to
2010.
The chart compares annual
use with the heating degree
days which is a
measurement of the
demand for energy to heat
a building. A year with a
higher number of degree
days reflects colder outside
temperatures and a higher
heating requirement.
Fuel oil use dropped in 2010 due to lower heating degree days and efforts by operating staff to reduce
energy consumption. Fuel oil use is likely to increase in 2011 due to bringing AHU-1 into service.
The current cost of fuel oil in Craig is $3.89 per gallon. Assuming a fuel oil conversion
efficiency of 70%, oil heat costs $40.12 per MMBtu. The current cost of electricity is
26.6¢ per kWh. Assuming an electric conversion efficiency of 95%, electric heat costs
$82.00 per MMBtu. As such, fuel oil heat is much less expensive than electric heat.
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The following energy efficiency measures (EEMs) were identified during the energy audit. The
EEMs are priority ranked and, where applicable, subjected to energy and life cycle cost analysis.
Appendix B contains the energy and life cycle cost analysis spreadsheets.
The EEMs will be grouped into the following prioritized categories:
! Behavioral or Operational: EEMs that require minimal capital investment but require operational
or behavioral changes. The EEMs provide a life cycle savings but an analysis is not performed
because the guaranteed energy savings is difficult quantify.
! High Priority: EEMs that require a small capital investment and offer a life cycle savings. Also
included in this category are higher cost EEMs that offer significant life cycle savings.
! Medium Priority: EEMs that require a significant capital investment to provide a life cycle
savings. Many medium priority EEMs provide a high life cycle savings and offer substantial
incentive to increase investment in building energy efficiency.
! Low Priority: EEMs that will save energy but do not provide a life cycle savings.
BEHAVIORAL OR OPERATIONAL
The following EEMs are recommended for implementation. They require behavioral or operational
changes that can occur with minimal investment to achieve immediate savings. These EEMs are not
easily quantified by analysis because they cannot be accurately predicted. They are recommended
because they offer a life cycle savings, represent good practice, and are accepted features of high
performance buildings.
EEM-1: Weather-strip Doors
Purpose: The weather stripping on most of the singe-wide exterior doors is in poor condition and
the double-door weather stripping system on the center support bars is ineffective.
Energy will be saved if doors are properly weather-stripped to reduce infiltration.
Scope: Replace weather stripping on exterior doors.
EEM-2: Adjust Double Door Closures
Purpose: The front doors are not completely closing due to weather stripping interference and
improper door closure adjustment. Energy would be saved if the automatic closures are
properly adjusted following the repair or replacement of the weather stripping to ensure
complete door sealing.
Scope: Repair or replace weather stripping and adjust double-door automatic closures for
proper sealing.
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EEM-3: Repair Window Weather Stripping
Purpose: Weather stripping has been obviously damaged on several of the operable windows.
Energy will be saved if all of the operable windows are fully opened to inspect weather
stripping and repairs are made as needed.
Scope: Inspect and repair operable window weather stripping.
EEM-4: Replace Failed Window Glazing
Purpose: The glazing has failed on the upper section of a window on the north wall of the
northwest classroom. Energy will be saved if the failed glazing is replaced.
Scope: Replace failed glazing section.
EEM-5: Seal Building Envelope
Purpose: The design and construction of the building envelope and the rooftop ductwork
penetrations have resulted in a very poorly sealed building. Significant energy losses
and operational concerns exist in the second floor fan room spaces and the unfinished
second floor space as outlined in the Executive Summery. Energy will be saved and
building longevity may be increased if these discrepancies are repaired
Scope: Perform the following envelope repairs:
i. Seal and insulate the 20” diameter opening through the insulated roof on the
northwest end of the building where exhaust fan EF-8 was supposed to be
installed.
ii. Seal and insulate the 6’ x 12’ uninsulated portion of the ceiling, to include the
1!’ x 3’ opening at the peak of the roof in the main air handler unit space above
the auditorium
iii. Seal all duct work penetrations through the roof of the building.
EEM-6: Server Room Heat Recovery
Purpose: The server room contains 3 switches, 1 server, some additional heat generating
electrical equipment, and also has heat gain through the floor. Maintenance staff
informed the audit team that this space gets too warm. Energy will be saved if the
additional heat in this space is delivered to AHU-1 in the adjacent space for
recirculation through the school.
Scope: Install a grill in the south and north walls of the server space so that second floor
plenum return air can be transferred to AHU-1 through the server room.
!"#$%&’$%(&)*(++,-:./0"%1&234$5&67*5+80"&9:--;
HIGH PRIORITY
The following EEMs are recommended for implementation because they are low cost measures that
have a high savings to investment ratio. The EEMs are listed from highest to lowest priority. Negative
values, in parenthesis, represent savings.
EEM-7: Turn off Standby Boiler
Purpose: Only one boiler is required to meet the heating load, yet both are operated and kept
warm. Energy will be saved by closing the valve in the return main, thus isolating the
standby boiler.
Scope: Close the valve on the return main and shut off the standby boiler.
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BC((DB2EFGCH(DB2EFGCH( B2CC(( BC((DBFGEFCCH(DBFGEICCH( 5J5KI(
EEM-8: Install Pipe Insulation
Purpose: An 8’ section of 6” pipe, a 12’ section of 4” pipe, and a 12’ section of 2 !” pipe, all on
the boiler system expansion U-bends in the second floor space, are uninsulated. Energy
will be saved if these sections of boiler supply and return piping are optimally
insulated.
Scope: Install insulation on uninsulated boiler supply and return piping.
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>?"0/$%’6( *’"061( @&$/;( 3’-"9$."’$( >?"0/$%’6( *’"061( @&$/;( !3A(
BC((DB)EL2CH(DB)EL2CH( BJCC(( BC((DBMLECCCH(DBMIE)CCH( I)K)(
EEM-9: Replace Aerators
Purpose: Energy and water will be saved by replacing the aerators on the lavatories and
showerheads with low-flow models.
Scope: Replace aerators on lavatories and showerheads with water-conserving fixtures.
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>?"0/$%’6( *’"061( @&$/;( 3’-"9$."’$( >?"0/$%’6( *’"061( @&$/;( !3A(
BC((DB5EM5CH(DB5EM5CH( B)EMCC(( BC((DBLFEMCCH(DBLLECCCH( MGK)(
EEM-10: Perform Boiler Combustion Test
Purpose: Operating the boiler with an optimum amount of excess air will improve combustion
efficiency. Annual cleaning followed by a combustion test is recommended.
Scope: Annually clean and perform a combustion test on the boiler.
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>?"0/$%’6( *’"061( @&$/;( 3’-"9$."’$( >?"0/$%’6( *’"061( @&$/;( !3A(
B2MC((DBFICH(DBI)CH( BFCC(( BMELCC((DB2)E2CCH(DB)IEJCCH( 25KF(
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EEM-11: Upgrade Motors to Premium Efficiency
Purpose: Premium efficiency motors should be used for equipment that operates during school
hours. A motor efficiency of 60 % is low enough to warrant replacement before a
motor fails. Energy will be saved if pump P-4B and P-7 motors and the AHU-2 return
fan motor are all replaced with premium efficiency motors.
Scope: Replace pump P-4B and P-7 motors and AHU-2 return fan motor with premium
efficiency motors.
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BC((DBMGCH(DBMGCH( B2EFCC(( BC((DBJEMCCH(DBLEFCCH( 5KI(
MEDIUM PRIORITY
Medium priority EEMs require planning and a higher level of investment. They are recommended
because they offer a life cycle savings. The EEMs are listed from highest to lowest priority. Negative
values, in parenthesis, are savings.
EEM-12: Optimize Gym AHU-5
Purpose: The gym AHU-5 is oversized by a factor of 56%, consuming additional energy to run
the fan. In addition, the unit supplies more outside air than required, which results in
higher heating demands. Energy will be saved if the system controls are optimized.
Scope: Perform the following control modifications and retro-commission:
i. Install a variable speed drive on the supply fan to reduce air flow and modulate
air flow with cooling loads.
ii. Add a CO2 sensor to control and reduce outside air flow while maintaining
adequate indoor air quality.
iii. Reset the supply air temperature with gym temperature.
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>?"0/$%’6( *’"061( @&$/;( 3’-"9$."’$( >?"0/$%’6( *’"061( @&$/;( !3A(
BC((DBLEL2CH(DBLEL2CH( BIIECCC(( BC((DB)LLELCCH(DB)))ELCCH( 5KC(
EEM-13: Replace Transformer
Purpose: The 150 kVA transformer in electrical room 137 is not TP-1 rated. Energy will be
saved if this less-efficient transformer is replaced with an energy efficient model that
complies with NEMA Standard TP 1-2001.
Scope: Replace less-efficient transformer with a NEMA Standard TP 1-2001compiant model.
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>?"0/$%’6( *’"061( @&$/;( 3’-"9$."’$( >?"0/$%’6( *’"061( @&$/;( !3A(
BC((DB5EMFCH(DB5EMFCH( B25ELCC(( BC((DBLGE)CCH(DBMMEICCH( 2KJ(
!"#$%&’$%(&)*(++,-9 ./0"%1&234$5&67*5+80"&9:--;
EEM-14: Replace Exit Signs
Purpose: The exit signs utilize two 7.7 watt tungsten bulbs. Energy will be saved if the exit signs
are replaced with self-luminescent signs.
Scope: Replace the eleven existing exit signs with self-luminescent exit signs.
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>?"0/$%’6( *’"061( @&$/;( 3’-"9$."’$( >?"0/$%’6( *’"061( @&$/;( !3A(
DBFCH(DB5LCH(DBM5CH( B5E5CC((DB)E5CCH(DBFE)CCH(DBIE)CCH( 2KI(
EEM-15: Increase AHU-1 Return Air Path
Purpose: The return air path for AHU-1 travels through holes in the floor deck above and
silencers in the wall of the fan room. The free area of these openings is too small,
which is creating high pressure loss and causing the return fan to work harder to pull
the air back to AHU-1. This is also causing outside air to be pulled into the building
through the leaky envelope. Energy will be saved, and the building pressure will be
better regulated, if the return air path openings are increased in size.
Scope: Double the size of the return air floor openings. Remove the silencers and double the
size of the wall openings.
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>?"0/$%’6( *’"061( @&$/;( 3’-"9$."’$( >?"0/$%’6( *’"061( @&$/;( !3A(
BC((DBI)CH(DBI)CH( BMECCC(( BC((DB)CECCCH(DBLECCCH( 2KI(
EEM-16: Install Automatic Valves on Unit Heaters
Purpose: Energy will be saved if the seven wall and ceiling mounted unit heaters have an
automatic valve that shuts off the heating flow when heat is not needed. Currently the
coils in the unit heaters are continuously hot and the thermostat turns on the fan to
supply the heat to the room. When heat is not needed, convective heat loss from the
coil occurs; some of the heat loss may be useful, but a large percentage is not.
Scope: Install automatic valves in the heating supply to each unit heater and control them from
the fan thermostat.
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>?"0/$%’6( *’"061( @&$/;( 3’-"9$."’$( >?"0/$%’6( *’"061( @&$/;( !3A(
BC((DB55CH(DB55CH( BMEMCC(( BC((DBJEICCH(DBIE)CCH( 2K2(
EEM-17: Install Modulating Boiler Burners
Purpose: The boiler burners do not incorporate modulating burner controls. Energy will be saved
if the boiler firing rate modulated as necessary.
Scope: Install modulating burners on the boilers.
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>?"0/$%’6( *’"061( @&$/;( 3’-"9$."’$( >?"0/$%’6( *’"061( @&$/;( !3A(
BGCC((DB2EJJCH(DB2E)JCH( B55EFCC(( B)IEMCC((DBGMELCCH(DB5IEICCH( 2K)(
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EEM-18: Optimize Auditorium AHU-3
Purpose: The auditorium AHU-3 is currently operated from 7:30 am to 4:00 pm. However, the
auditorium is only used for classes from 12:00 pm to 3:00 pm.
AHU-3 is oversized by a factor of 69%, consuming additional energy to run the fan. In
addition, the unit supplies more outside air than required, which results in higher
heating demands. Energy will be saved if the system controls are optimized.
Scope: Perform the following control modifications and retro-commission AHU-3:
i. Install a variable speed drive on the supply and return fans to reduce air flow
and modulate air flow with cooling loads.
ii. Add a CO2 sensor to control and reduce outside air flow while maintaining
adequate indoor air quality.
iii. Reset the cold deck temperature with auditorium temperature.
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BC((DBIEM2CH(DBIEM2CH( BL2EGCC(( BC((DB)2ME)CCH(DBL)E5CCH( 2KC(
EEM-19: Optimize Heating System
Purpose: The heating system has a capacity of 150 Btuh/sqft which is five times larger than
typical for a school building. A heating system optimization analysis is needed to right-
size the system and increase its efficiency. Opportunities include reducing the size of
the boilers by removing sections and combining the distribution loops into one set of
pumps.
Scope: Optimize the heating system by recalculating the building heating loads, reducing
boiler size and serving the distribution loops into one set of pumps. This should be
performed after the AHU EEMs have been implemented, which will reduce heating
loads.
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DBGCCH(DBLEM)CH(DBFE2)CH( BJCELCC((DB)IEMCCH(DB)IMEGCCH(DBFJELCCH( )KJ(
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EEM-20: Optimize Commons AHU-2
Purpose: The Commons AHU-2 is oversized by a factor of 56%, consuming additional energy to
run the fan. In addition, the unit supplies more outside air than required, which results
in higher heating demands. Energy will be saved if the system controls are optimized.
Scope: Perform the following control modifications and retro-commission:
i. Install a variable speed drive on the supply and return fans to reduce and
modulate air flow with cooling loads.
ii. Add a CO2 sensor to control and reduce outside air flow while maintaining
adequate indoor air quality.
iii. Reset the supply air temperature with commons temperature.
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>?"0/$%’6( *’"061( @&$/;( 3’-"9$."’$( >?"0/$%’6( *’"061( @&$/;( !3A(
BC((DBMECLCH(DBMECLCH( BIJEFCC(( BC((DBJGE2CCH(DB5GEICCH( )KL(
EEM-21: Install Boiler Room Heat Recovery
Purpose: The boiler room uses inlet and outlet grills to exhaust air outside the space. Energy will
be saved if the heat generated from the boiler room is transferred to the adjacent shop
room.
Scope: Install a heat recovery unit to transfer boiler room heat to the adjacent shop space.
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>?"0/$%’6( *’"061( @&$/;( 3’-"9$."’$( >?"0/$%’6( *’"061( @&$/;( !3A(
B2MC((DBJCCH(DBLLCH( B25E)CC(( BMELCC((DBM)EICCH(DB)5EGCCH( )KL(
EEM-22: Reduce Locker Room Lighting
Purpose: Lighting controls for the gym locker rooms are by key switch-only. This requires the
space to be lit throughout the entire period the gym is open, regardless of use. Energy
will be saved if a motion detector is installed in the shower space and another in the
restroom space to minimize unnecessary lighting hours. A 10-minute delay time is
recommended for the occupancy sensor.
Scope: Install a motion detector in the shower space and in the restroom space to control
locker room lighting.
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>?"0/$%’6( *’"061( @&$/;( 3’-"9$."’$( >?"0/$%’6( *’"061( @&$/;( !3A(
DB5CH(DBI5CH(DBILCH( BFE)CC((DBLCCH(DBGELCCH(DB2E)CCH( )K5(
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LOW PRIORITY
Low priority EEMs do not offer a life cycle energy savings and are not recommended.
EEM-23: Add Arctic Entry
Purpose: A significant amount of infiltration and heat loss is occurring because the main
entrance does not have an arctic entry. The existing design lends itself well to this
addition without compromising building aesthetics.
Scope: Install an arctic entry.
Analysis: Previous analyses have shown that an arctic entrance is cost effective for new
construction. However, adding an arctic entrance is not cost effective for this retro-fit
application.
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ENERGY SYSTEMS
This section provides a general description of the building systems. Energy conservation
opportunities are addressed in Section 3, Energy Efficiency Measures.
Building Envelope
The following table summarizes the existing envelope.
Building Envelope
R-value
Component Description (inside to outside) Existing Optimal
Exterior Wall 1/2” Gyp. Bd, 1” Rmax, 6” steel studs w/ R-19 batt, !” plywood R-16 R-26
Roof Corrugated Metal Roof Deck, 8” EPS rigid insulation, metal roofing R-34 R-46
Floor Slab 4” Concrete slab-on-grade R-15 R-10
Foundation 8” concrete with 2” rigid insulation on interior surface R-10 R-20
Windows Fiberglass; double pane R-1.5 R-5
Doors Aluminum along the front entry, remaining doors are steel, all
w/o thermal break, glazing where used is double pane R-1.5 R-5
Domestic Hot Water System
An oil fired direct hot water heater supplies domestic hot water to the fixtures. The fixtures do not
have water-conserving aerators.
Automatic Control System
The building has a DDC system to control the operation of the heating and ventilation systems,
however the systems do not appear to have been properly installed and commissioned following
construction. It is recommended that the maintenance staff continue working with DDC programming
support to improve heating and ventilation control capabilities as outlined in this report.
Lighting
Interior lighting primarily consists of T8 and metal halide lighting. Exterior lighting consists
primarily of metal halide lighting. The interior lighting schedule and all exterior lighting - to include
the parking lot lighting, is controlled by staff. Thanks to staff diligence, lighting operational hours and
subsequent electrical demand are kept to a minimum.
Electric Equipment
Commercial kitchen equipment for food preparation is located in the food prep area.
!"#$%&’$%(&)*(++,-@ ./0"%1&234$5&67*5+80"&9:--;
Heating System
The building is heated by two fuel oil boilers that provide heat to five air handling unit systems, a
make-up air unit in the shop, unit heaters, and perimeter hydronic systems. The heating system has
the following pumps:
! P-1A and P-1B are the circulation pumps for boilers 1 and 2.
! P-2 is the domestic hot water circulation pump.
! P-3A and P-3B are the perimeter heat pumps.
! P-4A and P-4B are the shop heating pumps.
! P-5A and P-5B are the AHU supply heating coil pumps.
! P-6 is the MAU-1 heating coil pump.
! P-7 is the AHU-1 heating coil pump.
! P-8 is the AHU-2 pre-heating coil pump.
! P-9 is the AHU-2 heating coil pump.
! P-10 is the AHU-3 preheat coil pump.
! P-11 is the AHU-3 hot deck coil pump.
! P-12 is the AHU-4 heating coil pump.
! P-13 is the AHU-5 heating coil pump.
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Information for the energy audit was gathered through on-site observations, review of construction
documents, and interviews with operation and maintenance personnel. The EEMs are evaluated using
energy and life cycle cost analyses and are priority ranked for implementation.
Energy Efficiency Measures
Energy efficiency measures are identified by evaluating the building’s energy systems and comparing
them to systems in modern, high performance buildings. The process for identifying the EEMs
acknowledges the realities of an existing building that was constructed when energy costs were much
lower. Many of the opportunities used in modern high performance buildings—highly insulated
envelopes, variable capacity mechanical systems, heat pumps, daylighting, lighting controls, etc.—
simply cannot be economically incorporated into an existing building.
The EEMs represent practical measures to improve the energy efficiency of the buildings, taking into
account the realities of limited budgets. If a future major renovation project occurs, additional EEMs
common to high performance buildings should be incorporated.
Life Cycle Cost Analysis
The EEMs are evaluated using life cycle cost analysis which determines if an energy efficiency
investment will provide a savings over a 25-year life. The analysis incorporates construction,
replacement, maintenance, repair, and energy costs to determine the total cost over the life of the
EEM. Future maintenance and energy cash flows are discounted to present worth using escalation
factors for general inflation, energy inflation, and the value of money. The methodology is based on
the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Handbook 135 – Life Cycle Cost
Analysis.
Life cycle cost analysis is preferred to simple payback for facilities that have long—often perpetual—
service lives. Simple payback, which compares construction cost and present energy cost, is
reasonable for short time periods of 2-4 years, but yields below optimal results over longer periods
because it does not properly account for the time value of money or inflationary effects on operating
budgets. Accounting for energy inflation and the time value of money properly sums the true cost of
facility ownership and seeks to minimize the life cycle cost.
Construction Costs
The cost estimates are derived based on a preliminary understanding of the scope of each EEM as
gathered during the walk-through audit. The construction costs for in-house labor are $60 per hour for
work typically performed by maintenance staff and $110 per hour for contract labor.
The cost estimate assumes the work will be performed as part of a larger renovation or energy
efficiency upgrade project. When implementing EEMs, the cost estimate should be revisited once the
scope and preferred method of performing the work has been determined. It is possible some EEMs
will not provide a life cycle savings when the scope is finalized.
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Maintenance Costs
Maintenance costs are based on in-house or contract labor using historical maintenance efforts and
industry standards. Maintenance costs over the 25-year life of each EEM are included in the life cycle
cost calculation spreadsheets and represent the level of effort to maintain the systems.
Energy Analysis
The energy performance of an EEM is evaluated within the operating parameters of the building. A
comprehensive energy audit would rely on a computer model of the building to integrate building
energy systems and evaluate the energy savings of each EEM. This investment grade audit does not
utilize a computer model, so energy savings are calculated with factors that account for the dynamic
operation of the building. Energy savings and costs are estimated for the 25-year life of the EEM
using appropriate factors for energy inflation.
Prioritization
Each EEM is prioritized based on the life cycle savings to investment ratio (SIR) using the following
formula:
Prioritization Factor = Life Cycle Savings / Capital Costs
This approach factor puts significant weight on the capital cost of an EEM, making lower cost EEMs
more favorable.
Economic Factors
The following economic factors are significant to the findings.
! Nominal Interest Rate: This is the nominal rate of return on an investment without regard to
inflation. The analysis uses a rate of 5%.
! Inflation Rate: This is the average inflationary change in prices over time. The analysis uses an
inflation rate of 2%.
! Economic Period: The analysis is based on a 25-year economic period with construction
beginning in 2010.
Fuel Oil
Fuel oil currently costs $3.42 per gallon for a seasonally adjusted blend of #1 and #2 fuel oil. The
analysis is based on 6% fuel oil inflation which has been the average for the past 20-years.
Electricity
Electricity is supplied by Alaska Power and Telephone. The building is billed for electricity under
Alaska Power Company Bulk Power A-3 rate. This rate charges for both electrical consumption
(kWh) and peak electric demand (kW). Electrical consumption is the amount of energy consumed and
electric demand is the rate of consumption.
Alaska Power Company Bulk Power A-3 Rate
Electricity ($ / kWh ) $0.0786
Cost of Power Adjustment ($ / kWh) $0.1534
Demand ( $ / kW ) $7.00
Customer Charge ( $ / mo. ) $140.86
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Summary
The following table summarizes the energy and economic factors used in the analysis.
Summary of Economic and Energy Factors
Factor Rate or Cost Factor Rate or Cost
Nominal Discount Rate 5% Electricity $0.274/kwh
General Inflation Rate 2% Electricity Inflation 3%
Fuel Oil Cost (2012) $4.12/gal Fuel Oil Inflation 6%
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0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecElectric Use (kWh)Month of the Year
Electric Use History
2007
2008
2009
2010
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecElectric Demand (kW)Month of the Year
Electric Demand History
2007
2008
2009
2010
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$ 4,000
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$ 7,000
$ 8,000
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Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecElectric Cost (USD)Month of the Year
Electric Cost Breakdown
2010
Electric Use (kWh) Costs
Electric Demand (kW) Costs
Customer Charge and Taxes
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Electric Demand (kW)Electric Use (kWh)Month of the Year
Electric Use and Demand Comparison
2010
Electric Use
Electric Demand
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Energy Cost $/MMBTU Area ECI EUI
Fuel Oil $3.89 $40.12 44,492 $2.94 75
Electricity $0.266 $82.00
Source Cost
Electricity 259,880 kWh $69,100 890 27%
Fuel Oil 18,100 Gallons $61,900 2,460 73%
Totals -$131,000 3,350 100%
Annual Energy Consumption and Cost
Consumption Energy, MMBtu
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MotorHP / Volts / RPM / EfficB-1 Boiler Room BoilerWeil McClain 13883270 MBHB-2 Boiler Room BoilerWeil McClain 13883270 MBHP-1AMechanical 136Boiler Circulation PumpArmstrong 4x4x8 438010 HP/ 208 V/ 1750 RPM/ 90.2%pump running 14 psi in 24 psi outP1-BMechanical 136Boiler Circulation PumpArmstrong 4x4x8 438010 HP/ 208 V/ 1750 RPM/ 90.2%P-2Mechanical 136Domestic Hot Water CirculationArmstrong Astro 50-B100 W/ 115 V/ 3000 RPMP-3AMechanical 136Perimeter Heat Armstrong 2x2x6 43801 HP/ 208 V/ 1725 RPM/ 82.5%P-3BMechanical 136Perimeter Heat Armstrong 2x2x6 43801 HP/ 208 V/ 1725 RPM/ 82.5%P-4AMechanical 136Shop Heat Armstrong 1.5B 1050-0011/3 HP/ 115 V/ 1725 RPM/ 60% no efficiency ratingP-4BMechanical 136Shop Heat Armstrong 1.5B 1050-0011/3 HP/ 115 V/ 1725 RPM/ 60%P-5AMechanical 136AHU Heating Coil Armstrong 4x4x8 43805 HP/ 208 V/ 1725 RPM/ 89.5%P-5BMechanical 136AHU Heating Coil Armstrong 4x4x8 43805 HP/ 208 V/ 1725 RPM/ 89.5%P-6 Shop 141MAU-1 Heating CoilArmstrong No Data1/4 HP/ 115/ 1725 RPMP-7Mechanical 140BAHU-1 Heating CoilArmstrong 1.5B 1050-0021/3 HP/ 115 V/ 1725 RPM/ 60%P-8Mechanical 160-BAHU-2 Preheat CoilArmstrong No Data1/4 HP/ 115/ 1725 RPMCapacityNotesCraig High School - Major Equipment InventoryUnit IDLocation Function Make Model
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MotorHP / Volts / RPM / EfficCapacity NotesCraig High School - Major Equipment InventoryUnit IDLocation Function Make ModelP-9Mechanical 160-BAHU-2 Heating CoilArmstrong 1.33 1030-003 1/4 HP/ 115/ 1725 RPMP-10Mechanical 160-BAHU-3 Preheat CoilArmstrong No Data1/6 HP/ 115 V/ 1725 RPMP-11Mechanical 160-BAHU-3 Hot Deck CoilArmstrong No Data1/6 HP/ 115 V/ 1725 RPMP-12Mechanical 160-BAHU-4 Heating CoilArmstrong No Data1/6 HP/ 115 V/ 1725 RPMP-13Mechanical 160-BAHU-5 Heating CoilArmstrong No Data3/4 HP/ 208 V/ 1140 RPM/ 75.5%Mechanical 160-BDomestic Hot Water HeaterAO Smith COF 140-255 255,000 BTU/HR 1/7 HP/ 115 V140 gal/ direct fuel oil heaterElectric 137 Transformer Square D 150T85HIS150 KVA 150 degrees C temp risenon TPI ratedAHU-1 Room 203 Classroom AHU Scott Springfield HQ-280-AHU-23400-HSF-1 Room 203 Supply Fan23,420 CFM 30 HP/ 208 V/ 1760 RPM/ 90.7%RF-1 Room 203 Return Fan23,420 CFM 7.5 HP/ 208 V/ 1760 RPM/ 88/5%AHU-2 Room 106-C Commons AHU Scott Springfield H2-125-AHU-10502HSF-2 Room 106-C Supply Fan10,470 CFM 10 HP/ 208 V/ 1760 RPM/ 89.5%RF-2 Room 106-C Return Fan10,470 CFM 3 HP/ 208 V/ 1725 RPM/ 86.5%AHU-3 Room 106-C Auditorium AHU Scott Springfield AQ-150-AHU-13100-H
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MotorHP / Volts / RPM / EfficCapacity NotesCraig High School - Major Equipment InventoryUnit IDLocation Function Make ModelSF-3 Room 106-C Supply Fan 13,100 CRM 10 HP/ 208 V/ 1760 RPM/ 89.5%RF-3 Room 106-C Return Fan13,100 CRM 3 HP/ 208 V/ 1725 RPM/ 86.5%AHU-4 Room 106-CLocker Room AHUScott Springfield HQ-15-AHU-1200-H 1,250 CFM 3 HP/ 208 V/ 1750 RPM/ 86.5%AHU-5 Room 106-C Gymnasium AHU Scott Springfield HQ-230-AHU-19300-HSF-5 Room 106-C Supply Fan19,300 CFM 15 HP/ 208 V/ 1760 RPM/ 91%RF-5 Room 106-C Return Fan19,300 CFM 7.5 HP/ 208 V/ 1560 RPM/ 88/5%MAU-1 Shop Make-Up Air3,680 CFM 3 HP/ 208 V/1740 RPM/ 86.5%EF-1 Restroom Exhaust1,420 CFM not availableEF-2 Locker Exhaust Loren Cook 165 CPV1,515 CFM 1/2 HP/ 115 V/ 1725 RPM EF-3 Kitchen Exhaust Nutone RL6330WW190 CFM not availableEF-4 Art Room Exhaust1,680 CFM not availableEF-5 Restroom Exhaust100 CFM not availableEF-6 Science Room General Exhaust Loren Cook 245CPV4,190 CFM 3/4 HP/ 208 V/ 1725 RPM EF-7 Seience Room Fume Hood1,200 CFM not available
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MotorHP / Volts / RPM / EfficCapacity NotesCraig High School - Major Equipment InventoryUnit IDLocation Function Make ModelEF-8 Math Room General Exhaust1,500 CFM not availableEF-9Home EconomicsGeneral Exhaust Loren Cook 180 CPV1,970 CFM 1/3 HP/ 115 V/ 1725 RPM EF-10Home EconomicsCooktop Exhaust Nutone190 CFM not availableEF-11Home EconomicsCooktop Exhaust Nutone190 CFM not availableEF-12Home EconomicsCooktop Exhaust Nutone190 CFM not availableEF-13Home EconomicsCooktop Exhaust Nutone190 CFM not availableEF-14 Press Box Ventilation250 CFM not availableEF-15 Science Prep General Exhaust Loren Cook 100 CPV750 CFM 1/2 HP/ 115 V/ 1725 RPM CS-1 Welding Shop Exhaust Fan CAR-MON CMB-201,800 CFM 1.5 HP/ 208 VCS-2 Welding Shop Welding Hood CAR-MON FH-34800 CFM not availableCS-3 Welding ShopVehicle Exhaust SystemCAR-MON LO-X56W850 CFM 3/4 HP/ 208 V
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AHU Air handling unit
BTU British thermal unit
BTUH BTU per hour
CBJ City and Borough of Juneau
CMU Concrete masonry unit
CO2 Carbon dioxide
CUH Cabinet unit heater
DDC Direct digital controls
DHW Domestic hot water
EAD Exhaust air damper
EEM Energy efficiency measure
EF Exhaust fan
Gyp Bd Gypsum board
HVAC Heating, Ventilating, Air-
conditioning
HW Hot water
HWRP Hot water recirculating pump
KVA Kilovolt-amps
kW Kilowatt
kWh Kilowatt-hour
LED Light emitting diode
MBH 1,000 Btu per hour
MMBH 1,000,000 Btu per hour
OAD Outside air damper
RAD Return air damper
RF Return fan
SIR Savings to investment ratio
SF Supply fan
UV Unit ventilator
VAV Variable air volume
VFD Variable frequency drive
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