HomeMy WebLinkAboutKotz_AEAr7_AppendixContents
Appendix A – Resumes..................................................................................................................................2
A1 – Kotzebue PM and Key Staff...............................................................................................................3
A2 – Tetra Tech.........................................................................................................................................4
Appendix B - Letters of Support....................................................................................................................5
B1 – Northwest Arctic Borough................................................................................................................6
B2 – Kotzebue Electric Association...........................................................................................................7
B3 – Maniilaq Association.........................................................................................................................8
B4 – KIC Construction LLC.........................................................................................................................9
B5 – NANA Regional Corporation ...........................................................................................................10
Appendix C – Fuel Invoice...........................................................................................................................11
Appendix D - Governing Body Resolution...................................................................................................12
Appendix E - Supporting Documentation – Equipment and Services Quotations......................................13
E1 – Equipment Quotation – Blue Flame Stoker ....................................................................................14
E2 – Engineering Cost Estimate - Tetra Tech..........................................................................................15
E3 – Construction Cost Estimate - Tetra Tech.........................................................................................16
E4 – Shipping Quotation, Linden Transportation ...................................................................................17
Appendix F – Feasibility Study ....................................................................................................................18
STATEMENT OF QUALIFICATIONS
Conventional &
Renewable Energy
Construction Services
Conventional & Renewable Energy Construction Services
Tetra Tech is a premiere full-service, project lifecycle provider to the electric
power industry. For the past ten years, we have provided environmental,
design, and construction services (bundled or a la carte) to support project
execution, development, and operations on more than 1,000 power projects
around the world. We offer services for coal, natural gas, biomass sources
and other renewables. Our experience includes new natural gas and
renewable energy power plants, and associated transmission and distribution
facilities. We also offer energy waste system design-build services for fly ash,
manufactured gas plants, and other remediation needs. We have expert
knowledge and experience in decommissioning and demolition services, as
well. With financial strength totaling more than $2.6 billion in annual revenue,
Tetra Tech has the experience and resources to support large EPC, balance of
plant, and construction projects for conventional power plants – while keeping
safety at the forefront of every project.
Services
DEVELOPMENT STAGE
Environmental
– Critical Issues (Fatal Flaw) Analysis
– Permit Strategy Development
– GIS Services
– Site Selection and Alternative Site
Identification
– ASTM Standard Phase I and II Environmental
Assessments
– Public Involvement
– Regulatory Compliance and Permitting
Air, Water and Waste Permits
Environmental Review Statue Compliance and
Third-Party Environmental Impact Statements
State Energy Facility Siting and Utility
Commission Approvals – Resource Surveys
Assessments and Plans
Biological Studies - Wildlife, Vegetation and
Wetlands
Cultural Resources
Socioeconomic, Land Use and Recreation
Visual and Noise
Engineering
– Feasibility Studies
– Power Process Engineering
– Fuel Supply and Electric Transmission
Considerations in Site Selection
– Generation Connection Studies
– Conceptual Design
– Geotechnical and Seismic Studies
– System Planning and Electrical System Studies
– Transmission Line and Cable Studies
Construction
– Constructability Review & Planning
– Construction Permits
– Vendor Review and Selection
CONSTRUCTION STAGE
Environmental
– Construction Compliance Planning,
Training and Inspection
Engineering – Owner’s Engineer – Major
Equipment Selection and Specifications
Diesel and Gas Turbine-Generators
Fuel Tanks and Auxiliary Systems
Electrical Distribution and Switchgear –
Detailed Design
Mechanical Systems
HVAC
Fire Suppression System for Electrical
Substations and Auxiliary Builders
Plumbing and Domestic Water System
Electrical Design
Substation Design
Civil/Structural Design
Computer Aided Drafting and Design
(CADD)
– Subcontractor/Vendor Submittals Reviews
– Response to Requests for Information and
Field Change Requests
– Management of Construction and
Design Changes
– As-Built Drawings
– Field Services
OPERATION STAGE
Environmental
– Compliance Planning, Training and Inspection
– Permit Modifications
– Air Permit Source Testing, Monitoring,
Record-keeping, Reporting
– Wastewater Discharge Monitoring and
Reporting
– Acoustic Equipment Acceptance Testing,
Operational Sound Surveys, and Noise
Compliant Resolution
– Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization
Act (SARA Title III)
– Emergency Planning Community Right To
Know (EPCRA) Reports
Engineering
– Energy Waste System Design
Construction
– Energy Waste System Construction
Coal Ash Landfills and Other Related
Impoundments
MGP
Demolition
Remediation
Construction
– Engineer, Procure, Construct (EPC)
– Balance of Plant (BOP)
– Construction Management
– Construction Philosophy
Project Management
Health and Safety Planning and Training
Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC)
WATER NATURAL RESOURCES ENVIRONMENT INFRASTRUCTURE ENERGY
Performance Highlights
Power Generation Heritage
Tetra Tech has a long and rich history in power plant construction. Tetra Tech’s construction organization was built around t he acquisition of
Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation in 2003, a firm that had its roots in The Electric Bond and Share Compan y (EBASCO). Tetra Tech’s
construction organization is shaped by this legacy; the safety culture, business practices, and quality procedures of our con struction
organization have their roots in major power plant construction projects. Many of our current co nstruction staff began their careers at EBASCO,
and are experienced in EPC execution of historic thermal and nuclear power plants, such as the Oxnard Cogeneration Facility (46 MW); the
Eagle Point Project (225 MW facility) in New Jersey, which has been supplying steam to an adjacent refinery since 1991; and the Allegheny
Lock & Dam #8, 9 (voestalpine pit turbine generators 13, 17 MW, respectively.)
Recent Power Generation Construction Experience
Over the past decade, with the boom of renewable energy construction in North America, Tetra Tech has provided construction s ervices for
power plants, totaling over 3,500 MWs of installed capacity. We have provided full EPC, as well as Balance of Plant (BO P) and Construction
Management (CM) services to the largest renewable energy companies in the world, including PacifiCorp, EDP Renewables North A merica,
Iberdrola Renewables, Acciona Energy, Invenergy, Competitive Power Ventures, Oklahoma Gas and Electric, FirstWind, and many others. We
have built projects in diverse and challenging locations ranging from Kodiak Island, Alaska to Lameque Island, in New Brunswi ck, Canada. We
have built wind farms in Wyoming, Texas, Oklahoma, New York, Pennsylvania, and Massa chusetts. We have performed CM on wind farms in
the Pacific Northwest and the Midwestern US. In addition to wind energy, we have recently provided construction services to h ydroelectric
power, bioenergy, and solar power facilities.
Recent Energy Waste System Construction Experience
Our recent design/ build projects include power plant energy waste systems. The coal ash market is under siege and the Bevill Exemption
under scrutiny with the possible promulgation of the USEPA Coal Combustion Residuals (CCR) Rule. These rules have forced US power
companies to rethink and re-strategize their business futures to meet burdensome regulatory demands. Our design/build services include
disposal pond closure; permitting; environmental and safety plans; preliminary and detail design engineering; Engineering, Procurement, and
Construction (EPC); commissioning and testing; civil construction, demolition, utility engineering, and earth moving; impound ments; roadway
repair; pipelines and intake structures; water treatment p lants; compressor stations; construction management; and quality assurance/quality
control. Recent projects include the Stanton Energy Center Coal Combustion Product Landfill Design/Build Program for the Orla ndo Utilities
Commission where Tetra Tech is expanding a coal combustion product landfill in Orlando, Florida, and Fly Ash Landfill Cover Design -Build
Services for a confidential client in New Martinsville, West Virginia.
Successfully permitted, licensed, and/or engineered over 100 conventional power
plants using a wide variety of fuels: coal, oil, natural gas, syngas, petroleum coke,
hydro, biomass, municipal solid waste, and refuse-derived fuel
Successfully completed domestic and international power projects ranging i n size from
5 to 3,200 megawatts (MW)
Provided construction services for renewable energy power plants, totaling over 3,500
MW of installed capacity
The numerous Best Available Control Technology/Lowest Achievable Emission Rate
(BACT/LAER) analyses performed by Tetra Tech have led to the development of
extensive emission estimation databases acceptable for BACT/LAER demonstrations
Tetra Tech is a leading provider of consulting, engineering, remediation, and construction services
worldwide. Tetra Tech, Inc. is a publicly traded company with annual revenues in excess of $2.6 billion and more
than 13,000 employees in 330 offices, including 3,500 employees in 50 Canadian offices.
Phone: +1 (518) 661-5304
Fax: +1 (518) 661-5818
- 2 -
Recent Decommissioning and Demolition Expertise
We have significant experience in decommissioning and demolition and can be a one-stop contractor for these services. Our full project
lifecycle offerings allow us to conduct prior, cultural and environmental assessments to evaluate demolition impacts and deve lop mitigation
measures, and document any historic and archaeological resources. Tetra Tech has experience preparing Work Plans, Health & Sa fety Plans,
and Quality Control Plans (QCP) along with overseeing all field operations, demolition crews, and onsite subcontractor s to conduct demolition,
and partial demolition of buildings, slabs, and structures. Tetra Tech has performed post -demolition surveys, asbestos abatement, demolition,
and remediation of storm drain and sanitary sewer lines, including lines within and surro unding buildings and structures. Our goal is to work
closely with our clients to ensure all safety precautions and risks are mitigated and that all project deli verables are met – or exceeded.
Recent Wind Energy Construction Experience
Within the last few years, Tetra Tech has worked on over 200 wind projects (in more than half of the United States), totaling more than
15,000 MW. Of that, over 12,000 MW of wind generation is in operation or scheduled for construction. We have provided support to 20 of the
top 25 wind power project developers and owners in the U.S. Tetra Tech is the number one provider of front end services to the U.S. wind
industry and also has extensive experience in wind construction. We are providing or have provided construction services to clients on more
than 15 projects, totaling more than 1,500 MW.
Recent Solar Energy Construction Experience
Tetra Tech helps its clients to develop solar projects that are cost -
efficient and constructible. We are able to provide this service because
our environmental and engineering teams are integrated with our
construction team. As a design-build company, we provide the right detail
and information in our construction drawings to allow our constructors
the necessary flexibility during execution. Tetra Tech has the capability
and experience to provide construction drawings for civil site work,
structural design for solar foundations, and electrical components for
solar energy projects. Our construction experts review the project site
and proposed developmental designs in order to ensure that the
practicality, cost, and ease of construction are built into the project layout
that is ultimately permitted. Our construction experts can assist project
developers by providing conceptual stage construction schedules and
budgets.
Engineer, Procure, Construct (EPC)
Tetra Tech provides EPC services to the power industry. In the last
several years, Tetra Tech has helped developers finance and install
nearly $6 billion of generation assets. Success is achieved through
clear communication and integration of the engineering and
procurement scopes to support our construction schedule. Success
is also supported by Tetra Tech’s strong balance sheet and bank -
ability. Upon Notice to Proceed, we form a team of dedicated
individuals with construction and project management
backgrounds to work with the owner and our engineering and
procurement teams to shepherd the preconstruction process. We
then mobilize that same crew to manage the project’s safe and
timely installation.
This implementation model means Tetra Tech carries and man ages
the inherent risks associated with such a complex project in every
decision at every stage. Through our experience, we have a
pragmatic understanding of all the various factors that can affect a
power project, along with the data and expertise in the required
disciplines. The owner benefits from the single point of contact
that facilitates the ease of monitoring the project’s progress, a
single contract to administrate, and a fixed contract value that is
not affected by changes in the market. Through o ur experience,
the EPC model has proven to be an effective and efficient manner
to execute a project for all stakeholders.
Balance of Plant (BOP)
If the client has chosen a design/bid/build implement ation model,
Tetra Tech can fully support the client in the role of General
Contractor (GC) or Owner’s Engineer (OE). We are happy to
individually take on the civil, mechanical, electrical, piping, and
equipment setting scopes of work on power projects.
With the hands-on role of GC, we provide oversight and
management for the multiple trades required to perform the various
works—full responsibility for subcontractor performance, contract
administration, budget control, and contract compliance. We
maintain a safe working environment, provide issue/conflict
resolution, as well as oversight and QA on materials and
subcontractor procurement.
Through our established relationships within the industry, we can
confidently stand behind our stated proposal cost. In the role of OE,
we advocate on behalf of the client and coordinate with the owner,
designers, and contractors so everyone understands each other and
maintains a balance of design integrity, cost savings, and construction
schedule.
Construction Management
Construction management services can include full, general contract
supervision of subcontractors during the execution of a primary
construction contract. It can also include acting as the owner’s
representative for on-site monitoring of construction activities. Our
EPC experience adds measurable value for our clients in the way we
approach construction management. Our approach includes a certified
quality program, a proven safety program, strong project controls,
consideration of long-lead items in construction scheduling and
planning, subcontractor qualification and selection, status reporting,
and an effective methodology for managing materials, equipment, and
labor.
Construction Philosophy
Project Management: It is one thing to say you can do something; it is
another to deliver. And it is something entirely different to be able to
manage, communicate, and instill confidence that you are delivering
Construction Services
ENERGY | CONVENTIONAL POWER PLANT SERVICES - 4 - CONSTRUCTION SERVICES
Health and Safety Planning and Training
Health and Safety (H&S) is not just another program at Tetra
Tech—it is integral to our culture and incorporated into all facets of
our work. We believe all behaviors are manageable on site, and
therefore, all incidents are preventable through our tenets, of “Do It
Right” and “Zero Incident Performance.” Our past year’s
performance has brought us industry recognition as one of the 40
Safest Firms in the Heavy Construction Industry as we approach
several million hours worked without a lost time injury. We firmly
believe, and demonstrate daily, it is possible to conduct work injury
and incident free. Tetra Tech’s H&S program exceeds compliance
with United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA) and Canadian Provincial Worksafe statutes and jurisdictiona l
regulations. Our H&S program has received OSHA VPP status on
project-specific bases and cooperates regionally on informal
partnerships with OSHA, Canadian Standards Association (CSA), and
joint provincial industry safety and health committees. We also wo rk
closely with working task groups in Canada and the US, and have
been recognized by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE),
Department of Defense (DoD), and federal agencies for excellence.
Additionally, we work with North American trade associations a nd
industry groups, such as the American National Standards Institute
(ANSI), to drive construction industry safety standards in North
America, improving working environments for labor and results for
contractors as well.
Project-specific, comprehensive, H&S programs are implemented for
all project scopes. We maintain detailed procedures for conducting
risk assessments and Activity Hazard Analyses to ensure hazards are
proactively eliminated or minimized. Project Safety Officers are
appointed to coordinate all H&S activities and training. All field
employees receive thorough orientation and ongoing training
throughout project execution and as conditions change or warrant.
Daily Activity Plans incorporate safety planning with work flow and
tool box talks performed for further emphasis. Weekly Quality Circle
meetings further integrate our tenets to provide a forum in which to
review substandard behaviors resulting in near misses of safety or
quality, as both are integral to overall success. Risk assessment and
hazard identification ultimately become the responsibility of every
individual on site in “Shared Vision” and responsibility as all benefit
in the results.
Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC)
On our projects, managing quality is not one person’s jo b...it is
everyone’s job. At Tetra Tech, we believe our success can only be
measured by client satisfaction of the quality of our services. We
strategically manage quality through planning, execution, and
closeout to satisfy the requirements and expectatio ns of our clients,
communities (or stakeholders), and (the toughest customer of all)
ourselves. Our QA/QC standards are based on ANSI/American
Society for Quality (ASQ) E-4 - Specifications and Guidelines for
Quality Systems for Environmental Data Collection and
Environmental Technology Programs, and International Organization
for Standardization (ISO) 9001-2008 programs. Aligned with these
QA/QC models, our quality standards are established at the highest
levels of management to deliver projects that are w ithin scope,
defect-free, on time, within budget, regulation-compliant, and offer
the greatest value to our project owners.
We administer these standards by dedicating skilled and
experienced QA/QC Officers to our projects. The QA/QC Officers
implement Tetra Tech’s well-defined Quality Control Program on
site, overseeing and measuring it against the performance of the
project team. The Officers are responsible for developing and
enforcing project-specific QA/QC Plans which meet project
requirements. They conduct quality inspections, project quality
training orientation sessions, and on site meetings to reinforce
QA/QC procedures throughout the construction process. They
document and work diligently to resolve any and all quality
concerns. They work closely w ith the rest of the project
management team to ensure every person working on a Tetra Tech
renewable energy project knows what to do, how to do it, and the
processes for correction of deficient work to ensure the quality we
demand for our clients. Routine project audits are performed by
senior quality management staff to ensure the proper
implementation of corporate and project procedures.
what was promised. Quality project management is a combination of
processes, tools, and talented people who understand the full scope
of commitment—an integrated schedule with overlapping
milestones, fixed budget, and clearly defined deliverables. Tetra
Tech employs established tools to provide real-time information for
schedule and budget analysis; utilizes proven processes for
document control, change management, and project management
controls; and prepares comprehensive reports and communications
so the client is fully aware of the project status. But it is our project
managers, with their practical and reputable experience managing
power projects, that make it all happen.
Energy Waste System Construction
Coal Ash Landfills and Other Related Impoundments Coal ash
landfills and ash ponds are unique in their design approach,
construction, and construction quality assurance. Tetra Tech has
combined success in designing, permitting, constructing, and
providing operational support for RCRA Subtitle C and Subtitle D
landfills across the country.
In anticipation of the USEPA Coal Combustion Rule, Tetra Tech was
the first firm to design/build a new Subtitle D ash landfill in the
United States.
Tetra Tech also has design and design/build experience with the
following project types:
Ash Ponds (New)
Ash Pond (Closures)
Ash Remediation
Cut-Off Walls (i.e., soil-bentonite, cement-bentonite, etc.)
Liner System Evaluations and Recommendations
Waste Pond Operations and Maintenance
Sediment Control Systems
Slope Stability Analyses and Corrections
Vertical Landfill Expansions
Water Quality and Water Balance Studies
MGP Tetra Tech has assisted numerous utility clients in addressing
issues at more than 100 former manufactured gas plant (MGP) sites
throughout the United States. We have extensive experience
planning, managing, and implementing both front-end remedial
investigative work and back-end remedial planning, design, and
remedial action work for MGP sites. Our services range from
regulatory negotiation, risk assessment, remedial investigation, data
management, and feasibility studies, to development of remediation
approaches, site restoration, and case closure. Also noteworthy is
our expertise in developing and implementing strategies for MGP
sites with contaminated sediment concerns, as well as MGP sites that
are targeted for redevelopment as part of our clients’ Brownfields
initiatives.
Our clients’ business and regulatory issues/ concerns regarding MGP
sites have changed over time and our approach has evolved to
effectively meet client requirements. In the past, emphasis was often
placed on innovative investigation methods and extensive site
characterization programs.
Now, we are more focused on remediation implementation of
sediments and Brownfields redevelopment as an integral part of MGP
remediation, when possible, and successfully achieving MGP site
closures through mechanisms such as development of risk-based
cleanup standards, implementation of “common sense” site closure
strategies, and limited “hot spot” remediation. With many of our
clients facing the challenges of deregulation and increased
competition, Tetra Tech is well positioned to assist them in reducing
and recovering life cycle costs and providing expert testimony,
litigation support, and insurance and rate recovery support.
Combining our in-house risk assessment capabilities with our proven
investigation, design, and construction capabilities, Tetra Tech offers
unique integrated services. This integration allows us to evaluate
potential risk issues during ongoing site characterization/ remediation
programs. As a result, appropriate interim measures can be
implemented, and supplemental sampling can be incorporated into an
existing investigation, in a timely fashion. Ultimately, this full-service
capability can save the client resources, time, and money.
Tetra Tech’s MGP team includes scientists, engineers, and
construction personnel. Our scientists continue to identify and
implement cost-effective technically sound investigative and analytical
techniques, and focus on appropriate and creative application of risk
assessment to achieve site closure. We use our substantial modeling
capabilities to optimize solutions for our clients. Our engineers are
focused on the application of proven and, as appropriate, innovative,
cost-effective remedial technologies/solutions, such as bioremediation
(e.g., bioslurping), containment systems (e.g., polywalls and capping),
advanced ChemOx and “combination” technologies, in -situ
remediation, and natural attenuation, in addition to conventional “dig
and haul.” Our construction personnel have the capabilities to cost
effectively implement selected remedial technologies.
Operation Services
Key Personnel
LEVERAGING KEY PERSONNEL & POWER PLANT
CONSTRUCTION EXPERTISE
At Tetra Tech, we believe our people are what set us apart. T etra
Tech’s construction staff, from our executive leadership to our
project managers and site superintendents, has extensive expertise
and knowledge in the construction of thermal power plants.
Bob Finkle, PE
With more than 28 years of experience in the heavy highway and
infrastructure industry, Mr. Finkle has served as Tetra Tech
Construction’s vice president of operations for the past 14 years. He
directs daily operations, provides executive leadership to various
corporate divisions, and implements corporate policies and procedures
within the company’s organizational structure. Mr. Finkle also ensures
compliance with operational goals and provides guidance and
direction to division managers, as well as field operation units. His
recent oversight of the four-year $94 million Route 17 Parksville
Bypass for NYSDOT led to a successful project, despite considerable
environmental hurdles on this complex highway infrastructure bypass
project.
Frank C. Gross
Mr. Gross, Executive Vice President and President of Remediation and
Construction Management, has 34 years of experience in the power
generation industry. Mr. Gross leads Tetra Tech’s focus on program
management and construction services, including design-build and
design-bid-build services for energy, environmental remediation,
infrastructure, heavy civil, military transformation, ports and harbors,
and communications projects. Mr. Gross’ career is founded in the
Power industry, previously leading Washington Group International’s
Power Group, and then becoming the President of the Industrial/
Process Business Unit of URS Corporation’s Washington Division,
following an acquisition. Mr. Gross’ experience spans nuclear, fossil-
fuel, and thermal power plants with knowledge in steam, gas, and
combined cycle turbines. His project experience includes projects such
as the Forked River Nuclear Power Station in New Jersey, Holcombe
Coal-Fired Power Plant in Kansas, Oklaunion Power Station in Texas,
and the Tennessee Valley Authority’s (TVA) Browns Ferry Nuclear
Plant in Alabama – the first nuclear power plant to generate more
than 1 billion watts of power.
John Stanich
Mr. Stanich has 45 years of experience in the heavy civil construction
industry and currently is the Executive Vice President of Operations
for Tetra Tech Construction. In his current role, Mr. Stanich has
overseen various critical projects at Tetra Tech, including the New
Orleans Levee Projects for the Army Corps of Engineers. He has an
acute knowledge of running large projects, managing subcontractors,
communicating with Owners, and ensuring compliance and
regulations are met for all parties involved.
Mr. Stanich previously served as the President of the Heavy
Industrial Division of Dick Corporation. Mr. Stanich’s nationwide
experience includes building power plants, steel mills, highways,
bridges, and industrial and water treatment facilities. In his t enure,
Mr. Stanich has been involved in the construction of projects in the
power industry including gas turbine power projects, natural gas -
fired power plants, resource recovery facilities, and cogeneration
facilities.
John De Feis
Mr. De Feis has 37 years of experience in corporate operations, new
company start-ups, construction company acquisitions, program and
project management, financial management, procurement, project
controls, planning, estimating, contract administration, change
management, equipment management, labor relations, performance
audits, negotiating and managing contracts for decontamination and
demolition, hazardous waste remediation, petrochemical, munitions
of explosive concern, government, facilities construction, quarries,
transmission lines, wind energy, cogeneration, wind energy and
power generation projects for government and commercial clients.
Throughout his career, he has worked/managed more than 20 power
plant projects, including the Austin Diesel Engines Cogeneration Plant
for IBM and a 1200 MW, $1B coal-fired facility for Jacksonville
Electric Authority.
Scott McManus
Mr. McManus works in construction and has more than nine years of
experience. His expertise includes the construction and project
management of wind power projects. He has managed over 900 MW
of wind farm construction and has experience in all phases of the
construction cycle, including: design development, geotechnical
investigations, estimating, scheduling, subcontract negotiations,
project mobilization, development of site safety-plans, site project
management, QA/QC implementation, contract and subcontract
management, and project closeout activities.
Jeff Kracum
Mr. Kracum brings 28 years of comprehensive experience in heavy
construction (power plants, steel mills, bridges, and water treatment
facilities) in a variety of responsible supervisory and management
positions. His areas of expertise include equipment installation, piping
installation, machinery alignment, structural steel erection, piling, and
heavy hauling and rigging. He has managed these activities on a
variety of industrial and infrastructure construction projects including
power generation facilities, steel mills, water treatment facilities, and
bridges. He has managed construction efforts with single project
values as high as $280 million. These projects have involved the
management of laborers and the management and integration of up
to multiple subcontractors on a single project.
Key Personnel
Floriano Ferreira
Mr. Ferreira has more than 14 years of domestic and international
experience. His project expertise includes waste-to-energy systems,
anaerobic digesters, and bioenergy utilization planning, design, and
construction. He has served as a construction manager and project
engineer, supporting and managing multiple plant engineering and
construction projects throughout his career. Mr. Ferreira has
supported the maintenance and monitoring of more than 600
anaerobic digesters installed in several Latin American countries and
his project experience includes serving as an operations manager,
overseeing a variety of projects, including the construction of nearly
200 new biogas plants.
Gary Hartley
Mr. Hartley has more than 35 years of multifaceted engineer ing
experience in plant environments for various companies. His
background includes process, project, and design engineering with an
emphasis on the cost-effectiveness, efficiency, operability, and
reliability of installations, including boilers. He has be en involved in
numerous design projects for various plants including several
proposed woody biomass plants.
Mark Sustarsic , PE
Mr. Sustarsic has more than 34 years of professional experience
specializing in project management, project and process engineeri ng,
and applications engineering. Throughout his career, he has
supported various plant engineering projects and since joining Tetra
Tech, has assisted in the design of various biomass and bioenergy
projects for planned facilities. In addition, Mr. Sustars ic has supported
conceptual design projects for renewable energy facilities utilizing
anaerobic digestion.
Ronald Frees
Mr. Frees is a mechanical engineer with more than 43 years of
experience in the design and drafting of mechanical systems for
renewable energy, chemical, and steel industries. His experience
includes equipment layout, piping design, and piping stress analy ses.
He has supported construction cost estimate packages for facilities,
including one for bioenergy and performed design for numerous
facilities. Mr. Frees’ experience also includes the installation of heat
recovery units for boiler houses and boiler installations.
Larry Sawchyn, P.Eng.
Mr. Sawchyn is a mechanical engineer and has more than 26 years of
experience in the management, assessment, upgrading, design, and
construction of a wide variety of projects in the water and wastewater
industry. He has vast experience in designing several plants including
a biowaste recovery plant and wastewater treatment plants. Mr.
Sawchyn’s expertise also includes the startup and supply and
commissioning of plants.
Bill Stonebraker
Mr. Stonebraker is an electrical engineer with more than 26 years of
professional experience performing electrical and instrumentation
design. His responsibilities have included construction specification
writing, electrical equipment selection and specification writing,
control panel design, electrical classification of process areas, detailing
instrument loop diagrams, and installations. He has experience
managing projects for plant Process and Instrument Diagrams and Mr.
Stonebraker also has experience in supporting renewable energy
projects.
Project Experience
A representative list of project experience – a more comprehensive list is available upon request
CLIENT / OWNER STATE PROJECT CONSTRUCTION
SERVICES
DEVELOPMENT
SERVICES
OPERATIONS
SERVICES
Cogentrix CA Quail Brush
Dominion VA Virginia City
IBM Austin Diesel Engines
Cogeneration Plant
Jacksonville Electric
Authority
JEA 1200 MW Plant
Florida Power and
Light
FL St. Lucie 1 and 2 Plants
Houston Lighting
and Power
TX South Texas Project
Northeast Utilities Millstone 1
Louisiana Power and
Light
LA Waterford 3
TVA Watts Bar Plant
TVA Brown’s Ferry
Taiwan Power
Company
Chin Shan, Kuosheng,
Mannshan
Pacific Gas and
Electric
Trojan Plant
Georgia Power GA Vogtle Nuclear
Florida Power and
Light/JEA
St. John’s River Power
Park
Orlando Utilities
Commission
FL Stanton Energy Center
Design/Build Program
PacifiCorp WY Naughton Plant Design
and Construction Phase
Services
PacifiCorp WY Ash Disposal and Clear
Water Reservoirs
Construction Phase
Services
Ontario Power
Generation
ON Remote Emergency
Power Generator
Manitoba Hydro MB Diesel Generating
Capacity Upgrade
CLIENT / OWNER STATE PROJECT CONSTRUCTION
SERVICES
DEVELOPMENT
SERVICES
OPERATIONS
SERVICES
Manitoba Hydro MB Shamattawa Generating
Station
Ontario Power
Generation
ON Emergency Power
Generator Load Bank
Access Energy VT Ludlow Biomass Plant
Berkshire Power MA Berkshire
Constellation MA Mystic
Burlington Electric VT McNeil Biomass Plant
Constellation MA Fore River
Calpine SC Columbia
Calpine NY Bethpage
Calpine CT Towantic
Concord Municipal MA Concord
Dominion IL Elwood
Dominion IL Kincaid
Dominion MA Brayton Point
Dominion MA Salem Harbor
Dominion VA Altavista Biomass Plant
Dominion VA Bremo
Dominion VA Hopewell Biomass Plant
Dominion VA Southampton Biomass Plant
Energy Investors
Funds
MA Russell
FPLE / Nextera US Confidential
GDF Suez MA Distrigas Cogen
GDF Suez MA Mt. Tom
GDF Suez CT Waterbury
Indeck Energy NH Alexandria Biomass Plant
Indeck Energy IL Elwood
Mass Munic
Wholesale Electric
MA Stony Brook Unit 3
GenOn MA Canal
GenOn MA Kendall
CLIENT / OWNER STATE PROJECT CONSTRUCTION
SERVICES
DEVELOPMENT
SERVICES
OPERATIONS
SERVICES
Acciona Enegy North
America
CA Lompoc Wind Energy
Cook Inlet Region
(CIRI)
AD Fire Island Wind Energy
CPV Renewable Energy
Company
OK
Keenan Wind Energy
EDP NY Maple Ridge Wind Energy
EDP NY Marble River Wind Energy
Clearwater County ID Proposed Biomass CHP
Plant
City of Kotzebue AK Proposed Biomass Plant
Whitefish School District MT Prop osed Biomass Facility
Village of Orleans and
Village of Barton
VT Proposed Wood -Biomass
Electric Plant
Confidential Client CA Biodigester Methane Gas
Treatment Plant
Dominion VA St. Paul Biomass Plant
City of Toledo OH Collins Park Solar Energy
NextEra Energy
Resources
CA Genesis Solar Energy
Recurrent Energy CA Kaiser Permanente Solar
Energy
Recurrent Energy CA Sunset Reservoir Solar
Energy
Appendix B - Letters of Support
B1 – Northwest Arctic Borough
B2 – Kotzebue Electric Association
B3 – Maniilaq Association
B4 – KIC Construction LLC
B5 – NANA Regional Corporation
Appendix C – Fuel Invoice
Appendix D - Governing Body Resolution
Appendix E - Supporting Documentation – Equipment and Services
Quotations
E1 – Equipment Quotation – Blue Flame Stoker
BIOMASS HEATING RFP PROPOSAL
DATE: October 15, 2012
CUSTOMER: Tetra Tech
QUOTATION No. 121015
For the Attention of: Mr. Jeff Coombe
System Capacity 1,500,000 Btu/Hr
Boiler Type Type “C” Hot Water 30Psig
Stoker Chain Grate design – full modulation
200-135 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, MB R3T 1G0
Phone: 204•803•8209 Fax: 204•284•5096
Email info@blueflamestoker.com
Confidential Information
THIS DOCUMENT DISCLOSES PROPRIETARY INFORMATION BELONGING TOSTURGEON CREEK WELDING INC . IT MAY NOT BE
REPRODUCED OR DISCLOSED WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION, AND IS NOT TO BE USED IN ANY WAY DETRIMENTAL TO THE
INTEREST OFSTURGEON CREEK WELDING INC.
Page 2
1. GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1. CONSIDERATIONS
This proposal is based on the information that was presented by Mr. Jeff Coombe – during a phone call
conversation.
1.2. TECHNICAL DATA OF THE PROPOSED FUEL
Fuel material under consideration:
o Bulk Fuel
MSW – wood residue and paper residue mixture
o Compressed fuel consisting of the wood and paper residue
Moisture content of wood fuel – Maximum 30% - Minimum 10%;
Particle size not to exceed 2” for wood and paper residue;
Fuel energy value – assumed 7,500 Btu/Lb;
Density of the fuel supplied:
o 13 Lbs/Ft^3 – assumed for wood and paper residue;
Desired fuel storage capacity – 3 days – based on the maximum firing rate;
2. EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS
2.1. EQUIPMENT LISTING
Under this proposal, our company will provide following equipment :
Type “C” 3-Pass Boiler with rated capacity of 45 BHP (1,500,000 Btu/Hr) - net output
Moving grate (chain grate) stoker system
Multi-screw fuel feed system c/w surge hoper
Complete Automated Ash removal system
Ash storage bin (approx. 40Ft^3 storage capacity)
Fuel storage surge bin – for 8 hrs burn time
Primary combustion fans, air ducts and damper control
Secondary combustion fans and air ducts
Multi Cyclone Fly Ash collector and fly ash removal and storage
Draft Induced Fan c/w exhaust duct (excluding chimney)
Oxygen sensor
Control panel (please see section n 3.2 for detailed listing)
Touch Screen operator interface
Differential pressure transmitter 4-20mA
Type «K» thermocouple with convertor 4-20mA
4 Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) for fans
Boiler support equipment
High and low water level control
Low level cut off
High water temperature shut off
Safety valve – pressure relief valve(s)
Supply water isolation valve
Boiler drain valve
Not included in the proposal are the following:
o Unloading of the equipment at the customer’s site
o Electrical Main Power input 208/3/60 and electrical connection to stoker control panel
o Electrical materials and labour required to complete the connections
o Mechanical installation of the system
o Fresh water supply to the boiler room
o Compressed air supply
o Connection between supply valve of the boiler and piping network
o Any permits required by local authorities
Page 3
2.2. BOILER
Type “C” Style, low pressure boiler rated for 30 Psig water pressure (other pressures and steam boilers
are available). Supplied boiler is a brand new boiler firebox, three-pass style boiler. Three-pass boilers are
designed and constructed to the ASME boiler code. Type “C” 3-Pass boilers provide large combustion
volume and are designed for maximum heat recovery and efficiency. Supplied boiler horsepower will be
rated for 45BHP (1,500,000 BTU/Hr) net output capacity.
2.3. STOKER
The stoker consists of steel base with factory installed chain grate. Stoker chain links are manufactured
from a special heat resistant alloy.
The chain grate stoker design has a significant advantage over other systems. The system provides a
large area of the chain grate that is conservatively designed to assure complete solid fuel combustion. It
has been designed to handle hard to burn fuels (agricultural residue) and high moisture fuels (with
moisture content up to 50% wet basis). The chain grate design reduces ash fusion problems and clinker
formation.
The base of the stoker is constructed of 0.250” (or thicker) steel and it is lined with a high temperature
insulation and refractory. The refractory lining of the combustion chamber uses high grade, high alumina
refractory that combined with high density insulation, significantly reduces heat losses from the combustion
chamber.
The combustion chamber has been designed to provide required amount of air and turbulence to provide
complete combustion of the fuel and same reducing the emissions. The primary combustion air consists of
multi-zoned under-fire air plenums. Each plenum has an external damper that allows for precise
combustion air control. It allows for directing more combustion air where combustion takes place and les s
air further away from the fire zone.
The total volume of under-fire air (primary combustion air) is precisely metered by a Combustion Air Fan
powered by a Variable Speed Drive. The amount of combustion air is a function of the power demanded
by the boiler control system. Included, as part of the stoker, is modulating-feed rate control system (fuel
handling).
Maximum feed rate, for the proposed stoker, is 1,875,000 BTU/HR (based on 75Lbs of wood residue (or
other fuel) per FT² of stoker grate and burning wood with the caloric value of minimum 4,500 Btu/Lb.
2.4. FUEL HANDLING
We will provide VFD driven fuel-metering system – multi screw for loose biomass or twin screw fuel feed
system for densified biomass. The loose biomass feed system consists only of the multi screw feeder and
surge hopper. The multi-screw feed system is mounted directly onto the stoker with a surge hopper
mounted onto the multi-screw feed system. Unless otherwise arranged, the customer is responsible for the
fuel delivery to the surge hopper.
The multi-screw feed system feeds biomass fuel onto the chain grate. The fuel feed rate is driven by
variable speed controller. The chain grate is variable speed to enable complete fuel combustion. Ash is
collected (in the hopper) at the end of the chain, where is removed automatically.
Fuel (example) Wood and paper residue
Moisture of the fuel 15% Wet Basis
Density of the fuel 13Lbs/Ft^3
Size of the fuel Minus 2 inches
System Net Output Capacity 45BHP (1,500,000 Btu/Hr)
Max. Fuel Feed Rate (MFFR) (approx.) Lbs/Hr 250
Page 4
2.5. ASH HANDLING
The system shall incorporate automated ash removal as follows. Each of the combustion air plenums is
equipped with ash removal auger that drops off the ashes onto the transfer-auger and further onto the
cross auger (main ash removal). The cross auger shall be factory installed into the stoker base. Ash will
drop off the end of the moving chain grate onto the cross auger. The cross auger will then transport ash
out of the base automatically.
(Depending on the system layout and additional ash transfer auger may be required).
The ash augering system is powered by the hydraulic system and is controlled automatically from the
supplied electrical control panel. The additional ash auger is powered by electric gear box.
2.6. SOOT BLASTERS
The soot blower system is factory installed into the boiler. The function of the soot blower is to eliminate
any soot build-up within the boiler tubes, thus increasing its heat recovery efficiency. Included is an
automatic soot blower control. PLC controlled soot blower is programmed to blow the tubes at
predetermined intervals, guaranteeing a maximum tube heat recovery 24 hrs a day. The timed cycle (user
selectable) allows each tube to be cleaned at least once in 24 Hrs period. Compressed air (min. 40SCFM
at 100PSIG) is required for proper operation of the soot blower system.
2.7. FLY ASH COLLECTION
Dust collection system. The dust collection system is a mechanical dust collector (multi-cyclone) system
that is designed to remove up to 90% of the fly ash from the exhaust air stream. The supplied dust
collector is equipped with air lock and ash removal auger and elbow connection between the dust collector
and chimney. Expected emissions will be below 150 mg/m^3.
2.8. INDUCED DRAFT FAN
Included is an Induced Draft Fan (ID Fan). A radial blade design, rated for high temperatu re operation, c/w
TEFC, high efficiency motor. The function of the ID Fan is to create a negative pressure inside the
combustion chamber. The fan is coupled with the Fly Ash Collector. The ID Fan pulls the exhaust air from
the combustion chamber through the boiler and multi-cyclone fly ash collector and exhausts it through the
Chimney that extends approx. 30ft above the floor level.
2.9. CHIMNEY - optional
If purchased - supplied chimney will be pressure rated, Stainless Steel inside and outside. The chimney is
lined with 1” thick high temperature insulation and comes with roof flushing and “No Loss” chimney exit
section. The “No Loss” chimney section is designed to eliminate any exit losses and at the same time
prevent any rain or snow from entering the chimney. The chimney is sized based on the maximum firing
rate of the system and to maintain a minimum flue gas exit velocities required.
2.10. HYDRAULICS
The equipment is fitted with hydraulics for the operation of chain grate main drive, main ash removal auger
and dust collector fly ash removal auger.
The hydraulic system consists of 3 HP pump rated at 3 GPM at 1,500 PSIG.
2.11. PNEUMATICS
The equipment requires com pressed air approx. 40 SCFM at 100 Psig for the proper operation of the soot
blowing system.
5 HP compressors with minimum 200 USG storage tank – is required for proper system operation.
The compressor is not supplied with the system.
Page 5
3. ELECTRICAL
3.1 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATION
The electrical control equipment is enclosed in a wall-mounted cabinet. Air-cooling fan is fitted into the
electrical control cabinet to prevent the cabinet from overheating. The equipment is supplied with a 3-
Phase 208V (other voltages available) electrical control panel designed to operate the stoker, fuel feed
auger(s), ash removal auger, and combustion air, over-fire air and draft-inducing (exhaust) fan. Electrical
panel is PLC controlled, completed with 10” visual user interface for visual function display. The PLC
control system will be Allan Bradley, designed to deliver many years of trouble free operation. The PLC is
designed to monitor the boiler, stoker, and fuel feed and safety conditions of all integrated components. All
fans and fuel metering system are VFD driven. Using VFDs allows the operator to adjust and control the
system to obtain the best efficiencies and lowest emissions possible.
All wires including earth connections will be separately identified with the same numbers as are shown on
the electrical schematic diagrams.
The equipment electrics will be to CSA standards. Local approval of the equipment may be required when
the equipment is installed at customer location.
3.2 ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
The PLC control will be enclosed in the electrical panel. This will be used to provide control of the main
system and other components.
A 10” color touch screen m ounted on the electrical enclosure will display all necessary component
selections, equipment set-up and program status information. All the system control software is allowing
the operator to open and close selected windows as necessary.
Components:
Touch Screen Control (10” Color) -------------------------------------------------------------- Qty 1
PLC ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Qty 1
Panel Enclosure (36”Wx48”Lx8”D) ------------------------------------------------------------ Qty 1
5 HP VFD (exhaust – ID fan) -------------------------------------------------------------------- Qty 1
1.5 HP VFD (combustion air blower) ---------------------------------------------------------- Qty 2
3 HP VFD (over-fire air blower) ----------------------------------------------------------------- Qty 1
1.0 HP VFD (multi-screw auger) ---------------------------------------------------------------- Qty 1
0.5 HP VFD (cyclone air lock) ------------------------------------------------------------------- Qty 1
3 HP hydraulic motor starter --------------------------------------------------------------------- Qty 1
Line Side Reactors --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Qty 3
60 AMP Disconnect -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Qty 1
Differential Pressure Sensor --------------------------------------------------------------------- Qty 1
Alarm Buzzer ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Qty 1
Contactors
Relays
Overloads
Hand / Off / Auto Switches
3.3 SYSTEM CONTROL
A main switch button will be mounted on the control panel. On the start-up the system will automatically
fire at a user pre-set speed. On/Off time and cycle times will be pre-set by the user and stored in the PLC.
All motors will have Hand/Off/Auto selectable switches. During a normal system operation all the switches
will be in the Auto position. The “Hand” (manual) mode will operate all motors at the pre-set speed. The
“Hand” option will also be used during equipment testing and troubleshooting.
Page 6
The set-up will be performed via touch screen controller directly connected to the PLC. The touch screen
will display all the functions of the system (including alarm status). The set-up screen will be password
protected (for authorized personnel only).
3.4 CONTROL FEATURES
Type K thermocouple will be used in combination with the temperature controller. Temperature controller
will have a PID function with 4-20mA output to control the fuel feed rate, combustion and over-fire air
volume (in order to maintain a proper fuel combustion).
Photohelic switch will be used to maintain a negative pressure inside the combustion chamber cavity. The
switch has a 4-20mA output that controls Exhaust Air blower speed.
Hold Fire:
Used only during the periods of low heat demand. When the system reaches the set point temperature the
system will shut down. If the temperature remains at the set point for a long period of time the system will
start up at a pre-set “time intervals” and feed the fuel in order to maintain fire. The “time intervals” are
selectable by the user.
Alarms:
High Priority Alarms (will sound the alarm and shut down the system and will require a manual reset):
High Temperature condition
Low Temperature condition
Low Priority Alarms (will sound an alarm only):
Fuel Feed system Jam
Motion Detection on the Chain Grate
Motion Detection on the Ash Removal Auger
4 SITE CONDITIONS AND MAINS SERVICE SUPPLY
Unless otherwise shown, our standard equipment is designed to operate within the following standards
and conditions.
4.1 SUPPLY VOLTAGE
208V 3 Phase 60Hz + Earth or as requested and confirmed in the purchase order.
4.2 FOUNDATIONS
The equipment must be installed on a stable foundation, depending upon the nature of the sub s oil, a site
having at least a 6” depth of concrete 30 Mpa or better c/w 15M rebar spaced 12” on center would
normally be adequate.
We strongly recommend that you have the site surveyed by a qualified engineer and follow their advice
in respect of the construction of the “below floor level” foundation while observing the “floor surface”
requirement prescribed by the Floor Plan provided.
The equipment is mounted directly onto the floor preferably on housekeeping pad.
5 INSTALLATION AND COMMISSIONING
5.1 SYSTEM ACCEPTANCE
Prior to dispatch of the equipment from our shop the equipment will be fully inspected and will undergo a
couple days of testing.
The proposed tests include:
Correct functioning of the equipment
Safety Review
Page 7
5.2 INSTALLATION
The customer would be responsible for unloading the equipment, moving to the site, placing on to
foundation (housekeeping pad if one is made) installation of the dust collecting system, fuel delivery
system and ash removal.
The customer would be responsible for making connection of the incoming electrical supply to the main
control panel and between the control panel and junction box(s) located on the stoker base.
The customer will be responsible for making all the piping network connections to the boiler supply outlet.
Our technician will complete the verification of all the mechanical, electrical and electronic checks.
5.3 COMMISSIONING AND FINAL ACCEPTANCE TESTS
Our Service Technician will commission the equipment during this time. It is the customer’s responsibility
to provide a supply all the necessary components, services of the customer’s Inspection Department and
necessary equipment to ensure that the capability of the equipment can be proven without delay to provide
an Acceptance Certificate (if required).
Our Service Technician will start up the system and verify all the functions of the system during this time.
Maximum 3 days on-site visit is allocated for this task.
System start-up and commissioning is optional.
Page 8
6 INVESTMENT PRICE
Price of the basic and standard equipment as detailed above is ONE HUNDRED and FORTY FOUR
THOUSAND and TWO HUNDRED CDN dollars each system cost.
Item # Description
X – included O – optional NA – Not Available Price
1 Type “C” 3-Pass Boiler with rated net output capacity of 45 BHP X
2 Moving Grate (Chain Grate) stoker system X
3 Multi-screw Fuel Feed System c/w surge hoper X
4 Complete Automated Ash Removal System X
5 Ash Storage Bin (40 Ft^3 capacity – 1,250Lbs) X
6 Multi-cyclone fly ash collection system (less than 150mg/m^3) X
7 Flue Gas ducting – between boiler and multi-cyclone X
8 SS Chimney – mounted at the discharge of the multi-cyclone O $4,800
10 PLC – System control panel (208V, 3PH, 60Hz) X
11 Touch Screen User Interface Panel X
12 Compressor (5HP) with 200USG storage tank O $6,200
14 Fuel Storage Options:
14.1 Wood and paper Hydraulic Grate storage system (supply only) O $38,000
14.2 Woodchips fuel transfer system (horizontal and incline augers) O $16,900
15 Loading and shipping cost – estimated cost - TBD O $8,500
16 System start-up, commissioning and Final Acceptance Service O $6,500
17 Operator Training X
Net System Cost (Excluding Optional Equipment) CAN$ 144,200.00 Each
(This price does not include the system delivery, unloading and installation cost, extra equipment,
which is listed and priced separately, or any sales taxes or charges imposed by any governmental
authority).
Page 9
7 TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE
This quotation is made in accordance with the attached Conditions of Sale.
7.1 VALIDITY
This quotation remains open for acceptance for a period of 30 days from the date on the front sheet, after
which our prices may no longer be valid.
Confirmation can be obtained at time of placing order.
7.2 PRICES
All prices are as stated in Section 6 of this proposal.
7.3 TERMS OF PAYMENT
A deposit of 30% on order, 30% on substantial completion (shop inspection), 35% upon system completion
(before shipping), 5% 30 days after successful commissioning and performance test.
7.4 DELIVERY
Four (4) months from receipt of order and all relevant engineering information and necessary customer
specification, where relevant.
Subject to:
Factory workload and to be confirmed prior to order placement.
Return of any specifications sent to the customer for approval. These specifications are to be
returned within 21 days.
7.5 WARRANTY (for full warranty coverage please refer to Page 8)
Blue Flame Stoker will rectify, free of charge, defects in materials or faults associated with workmanship
arising within a period of 12 months from the date of equipment commissioning or 14 months from the
date of shipment whichever occurs first.
7.6 CONTRACTUAL CONDITIONS
In order that our engineering load can be scheduled accurately to enable the Buyer's required delivery date
to be maintained, we require that all necessary technical information be reviewed within 30 days of placing
the order.
In the event of any changes by the Buyer after the order has been acknowledged, we reserve the right to
produce and invoice the machine and equipment to the original specification unless otherwise agreed in
writing. Any requested changes will be carried out only after an official amendment to order has been
received.
Drawings sent to the Buyer for approval must be returned from the Buyer within 14 days of receipt. Failure
to do so will result in delay of the equipment.
Page 10
APPENDIX A
Fuel Storage Option:
“WALKING FLOOR SYSTEM”
_________________________________________________________________________________
EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS (The following is an outline of all the system components that are required for
a proper operation of the system and are part of a package sold).
1: Hydraulic System
The Hydraulic System is designed to operate the walking floor. It consists of the following components:
- 30 US Gallons Oil Tank;
- Hydraulic Pump c/w 7.5 HP, 208V, 3PH TEFC motor;
- High Pressure hoses (not exceed 60 ft);
- 8’’diam x 20’’ stroke Hydraulic Cylinders, Qty 2; with valves and fittings;
2: Electrical Controls
Electrical control panel c/w PLC is designed to operate the Hydraulic System as specified above in conjunction with
fuel delivery system.
Electrical power connections, control wiring, etc. is customer’s responsibility.
3: Mechanical System
The mechanical system consists of the following components:
- Two (2) scrapers, approx. dimension 4’-6” wide x 40’-0” ft long;
- Scraper assembly braces, Qty 2 for cylinder mount;
- Floor channels for scrapers;
- “C” scraper mounting brackets;
- Fuel horizontal auger: 12” auger x 12’-0” long including gear box;
- Fuel delivery incline auger: 12” auger x 20’-0” (to be confirmed) long including gear box;
The mechanical system installation is customer’s responsibility.
4: Installation
Unless otherwise arranged when ordering, this equipment shall be installed and connected by the customer, who will
supply all the necessary material (not listed in this quote) and labour. If desired, we will provide, at customer’s
request, the required services at the prevailing hourly rate.
Page 11
STURGEON CREEK WELDING INC. LIMITED WARRANTY
STURGEON CREEK WELDING warrants to Buyer and the First Commercial Owner or User at the original installation
site (“Owner”), for a period of twelve (12) months from the date of initial use o r eighteen (18) months from the original
invoice date, that new stoker or new other STURGEON CREEK WELDING manufactured equipment will be free from
defects in materials and workmanship. This express warranty covers only those defects of which STURGEON
CREEK WELDING is given notice in writing within twelve (12) months from the date of initial use or eighteen (18)
months from the original invoice date.
STURGEON CREEK WELDING MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTY WITH RESPECT TO THIS EQUIPMENT, AND
ANY OTHER WARRANTIES, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY (INCLUDING ANY WARRANTIES
OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICUL ARE EXCLUDED AND DISCLAIMED).
The exclusive remedy for breach of this warranty is expressly limited to the repair or replacement, within a
commercially reasonable time; of any part founder the conditions of normal use and delivered, freight and insurance
prepaid by Buyer, to STURGEON CREEK WELDING in Winnipeg, Manitoba.
STURGEON CREEK WELDING’s LIABILITY ON ANY CLAIM OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE, FOR
ANY LOSS OR DAMAGE ARISING OUT OF, CONNECTED WITH OR RESULTING FROM THE SALE OF ANY
STOKER OR OTHER EQUIPMENT, WHETHER NEW OR USED, OR FROM PERFORMANCE OR BREACH OF
ANY CONTRACT RELATED TO SUCH SALE, OR FROM THE DESIGN, MANUFACTURE, SALE, RESALE,
DELIVERY, INSTALLATION, TECHNICAL DIRECTION OF INSTALLATION, INSPECTION, REPAIR, OPERATION
OR USE OF ANY EQUIPMENT FURNISHED BY STURGEON CREEK WELDING, SHALL IN NO CASE EXCEED
THE PRICE APPLICABLE TO THE STOKER OR OTHER STURGEON CREEK WELDING MANUFACTURED
EQUIPMENT OR PART THEREOF WHICH GIVES RISE TO THE CLAIM. IN NO EVENT, WHETHER AS A RESULT
OF BREACH OF CONTRACT OR WARRANTY OR ALLEGED NEGLIGENCE, SHALL STURGEON CREEK
WELDING BE LIABLE FOR SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, LOSS OF PROFITS OR REVENUE, LOSS OF USE OF EQUIPMENT OR ANY ASSOCIATED
EQUIPMENT, COST OF CAPITAL, COST OF CAPITAL, COST OF SUBSTITUTE EQUIPMENT, FACILITIES OR
SERVICES, DOWNTIME COSTS, OR CLAIMS OF CUSTOMERS OF BUYER OR OWNER FOR SUCH DAMAGES.
This warranty does not cover damage of any nature or kind caused by operation of the stoker or other equipment
beyond its rating or by unauthorized use of the stoker or other equipment such as burning of material injurious to the
unit, abnormal temperature, improper installation or assembly, improper maintenance or inspection, or improper
handling or shipping. This warranty does not cover damage resulting from the operation, cleaning of the stoker or
other equipment with any excess amount of ash, soot, fly ash , creosote, scale or other substance that may be
corrosive or which prevents proper heat transfer.
This warranty does not cover damage caused by inadequate power supply, improper chimney draft or ventilating
conditions, improper treatment, lack of fuel, b lown fuses, misuse of equipment, unauthorized alterations to the
equipment, reasonable wear and tear or any other causes beyond the control of STURGEON CREEK WELDING.
This warranty does not cover labour costs, transportation or travel expenses, or any other costs related to return or
reinstallation of the stoker or other equipment or its parts. This warranty is conditional upon the Owner applying
adequate and steady, but not excessive, furnace draft as required for proper combustion, and upon adequate vent
installation site with proper isolation from exhaust fans and/or power ventilation systems.
Warranties for parts, accessories and equipment not manufactured by STURGEON CREEK WELDING are not
made by this warranty.
Statements made by STURGEON CREEK WELDING sales personnel or by any distributor of STURGEON CREEK
WELDING equipment do not constitute warranties. Such statements should not be relied upon by Buyer or Owner
and are not part of this sales contract. This document constitutes the final expression of the parties’ agreement with
respect to warranties and is a complete and exclusive statement of the terms of that agreement.
E2 – Engineering Cost Estimate - Tetra Tech
Tetra Tech, Inc.
661 Andersen Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15220
Tel 412.921.8916 Fax 412.921.40404 www.tetratech.com
September 20, 2013
Derek Martin, City Manager
City of Kotzebue
258A Third Avenue
PO Box 46
Kotzebue, AK 99752
Re:Detail Process Engineering for RDF Waste to Energy Plant
BUDGETARY ENGINEERING ESTIMATE
Tetra Tech is pleased to provide this proposal for the detailed design of a nominal 1.5 MM Btu/hr capacity
Waste-to-Energy Facility to be constructed in Kotzebue, AK. The facility is outlined as Scenario 1 of the
Tetra Tech Kotzebue Biomass Feasibility Study dated December 2012, which will combust densified
refuse-derived fuel (RDF) in a single chamber boiler to provide thermal energy for heating Public Works
campus buildings.
Tetra Tech will provide the following:
Detailed Engineering Package
Develop Purchasing grade Building specification
Develop purchasing grade specifications for equipment
Foundation Design
Design pipe/duct supports
Anticipated Drawings:
One (1) Process Flow Diagram
Two (2) Process Piping & Instrument Diagrams
One (1) General Arrangement Plan Drawing
Three (3) General Arrangement Sections and Details Drawings
Three (3) Foundation Drawings
Two (2) Piping Drawings
One (1) Electrical Single Line Diagram
Two (2) Electrical Connection Drawings
One (1) Electrical Grounding Drawing
One (1) Lighting Drawing
Page 2
Miscellaneous
We have included time for three days of safety review meetings in our proposal.
We have included time for (2) project meetings in Tetra Tech offices
Assumptions
Site improvement design and permitting by others
Vendors will provide Piping & Instrument Diagrams for their independent systems.
Vendors will provide scalable drawings of their systems. (Electronic CAD files preferred).
System controls and automation included in vendor package systems.
Fire protection system design by others.
Bid solicitation and procurement by others
We will perform the services noted above for the Budgetary Lump Sum price of $82,400 (eighty two
thousand four hundred dollars). Invoicing will be done on a monthly basis with payment due fourteen
(14) days after date of invoice.
No consideration has been included in this proposal for Tetra Tech to attend any contractor bid meetings
or provide any review of the construction activities.
Sincerely,
Gary Hartley
412-921-4054
E3 – Construction Cost Estimate - Tetra Tech
Tetra Tech, Inc.
661 Andersen Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15220-2745
Tel 412.921.7090 Fax 412.921.4040 www.tertratech.com
September 23, 2013
Derek Martin, City Manager
City of Kotzebue
258A Third Avenue
PO Box 46
Kotzebue, AK 99752
Subject: Cost Estimate for Construction - RDF Waste to Energy Plant
Kotzebue, Alaska
Dear City of Kotzebue:
In support of your application for Phase IV construction funds under Round VII of the Renewable Energy Grant
Fund and Recommendation Program administered by the Alaska Energy Authority (Requests for Grant Applications
(RFA) AEA 2014-006), Tetra Tech is pleased to present this engineering analysis and preliminary cost estimate for
construction of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) biomass heating systems at the City Public Works Complex.
Project Understanding
The RDF Waste-to-Energy project consists of a single, stand-alone boiler unit, fueled primarily by waste materials,
serving several buildings’ heating needs at the City of Kotzebue Public Works Complex. A comprehensive Feasibility
Study was performed in 2012, with positive indications for the technical and financial viability of the project. A list
of parameters established in the Feasibility Study (FS) are tabulated in Table 1 below.
The new system upgrades are also summarized in Table 1 in accordance with the FS documentation. The fuel for
the proposed units is fiber residue (wood, paper, cardboard) sourced from city refuse, supplemented with wood
pellets.
Cost Estimate for Construction
Wood Pellet Boiler Heating Project
City of Kotzebue
Page 2
Tetra Tech, Inc.
661 Andersen Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15220-2745
Tel 412.921.7090 Fax 412.921.4040 www.tertratech.com
Table 1: System Parameters
Facility Logistics RDF Boiler
Landfill Diversion (ton/yr)314
Fuel Oil Replaced (gal/yr)31,300
Operators Needed 1
Throughput rate of Feedstock
(TPD)
0.94
Storage (cu.yds)195
Ash disposal (ton/year)29
Plant Inputs RDF Boiler
Feedstock Type RDF
Feedstock Demand (TPD) 0.94
Auxiliary Fuel (gal heating fuel/day)-
Feedstock Shortfall (MM BTU/yr) 294
Supplementary Feedstock Type Wood Pellets
Supplementary Feedstock (TPY) 40.9
Electrical Inputs Parasitic Load (kWh/ raw ton)2.50
Plant Outputs Scenario 1
System
Parameters
Output Type Thermal - Boiler
System Capacity (MM BTU)1.5
Combustion Efficiency* 77%
System Efficiency**
System Outputs
(Average)
Hot Water (MM BTU/hr) 0.39
Hot Water (MM BTU/yr)3,135
Ash (lbs/day) 160
Other Inert Material (lbs/day)-
Cost Estimate for Construction
Wood Pellet Boiler Heating Project
City of Kotzebue
Page 3
Tetra Tech, Inc.
661 Andersen Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15220-2745
Tel 412.921.7090 Fax 412.921.4040 www.tertratech.com
Construction Cost Estimate
An engineering construction cost estimate was developed for the project. Detailed line-item breakdown for each
project equipment, along with the source of the information, is included below.
Table 2: City of Kotzebue Waste-to-Energy Project Construction Cost Estimate
TASK UNIT QTY UNIT $ TOTAL BASIS OF ESTIMATE
1 Site Prep $103,334 RS Means median price with 10% location factor. Assumes that craft labor and material available from local sources.
1.1 Secure Land LS 1 $75,000.00 $75,000
1.2 Environmental Site Survey LS 1 $15,000.00 $15,000
1.3 Fine Grade SY 467 $2.00 $934
1.4 Gravel Base CY 200 $62.00 $12,400
2 Alaskan Slab $190,621 RS Means median price with 10% location factor. Assumes that craft labor and material available from local sources.
2.1 Insulation SF 4100 $2.00 $8,200
2.2 Forms LF 280 $14.00 $3,920
2.3 Rebar TN 12 $2,833.00 $33,996
2.4 Concrete CY 215 $257.00 $55,255
2.5 Thermo-pilings LS 1 $87,200.00 $87,200 Manufacture Estimate - Arctic Foundations, Inc. (12 loop Sloping Evap)
2.6 Finish SF 4100 $0.50 $2,050
3 Building Shell and MEP $631,400 RS Means median price with 10% location factor. Assumes that craft labor and material available from local sources.
3.1 Insulated Metal Building 25' ht FT^2 4,100 $120 $492,000
3.2 Mechanical SF 4100 $11.00 $45,100
3.3 Electrical SF 4100 $14.00 $57,400
3.4 Plumbing SF 4100 $0.00 $0
3.5 Sprinklers SF 4100 $9.00 $36,900
4 Site Utilities $20,000
4.1 Electrical / Coms LS 1 $20,000.00 $20,000 200 amp 3 phase 4 wire UG service to existing utility pole
4.2 Water LS 1 $0.00 $0 Assume water available adjacent to site
4.3 Sewage LS 1 $0.00 $0 Assume sewer available adjacent to site
5 Process Equipment Installation $132,400
5.1 Set Equipment LS 1 $61,200.00 $61,200 Assume 20 days effort for millright crew and misc material
5.2 Mechanical Connections LS 1 $35,600.00 $35,600 Assume 10 days effort for mechanical crew and misc material
5.3 Electrical Connections LS 1 $35,600.00 $35,600 Assume 10 days effort for electrical crew and misc material
6 Process Equipment Purchase $450,400
6.1 Briquetter LS 1 $60,000.00 $60,000 Manufacturer Quotation - Blue Flame Stoker
6.2 Shredder LS 1 $40,000.00 $40,000 Manufacturer Quotation - Blue Flame Stoker
6.3 Boiler LS 1 $250,000.00 $250,000 Manufacturer Quotation - Blue Flame Stoker
6.4 Fork Trucks LS 1 $30,000 $30,000 Consutant Estimate - 2-ton fork truck
6.5 Feedstock Storage Bins LS 4 $4,000 $16,000 Industry Standard - 3-yd bins ea.
6.6 Conveyance System LS 1 $17,000 $17,000 Manufacture Quotation
6.7 Air Pollution Control LS 1 $37,400 $37,400 Consultant Estimate
7 Heating System Interconnection $299,000
7.1 Underground piping to buildings FT 500 $374.00 $187,000 Consultant Estimate
7.2 Interconnection to buildings LS 2 $56,000.00 $112,000 Consultant Estimate
8 Professional Staff Month 5 $39,620 $198,100
8.1 Project Manager Day 5 $960.00 $4,800
8.2 Site Superintendent Day 22 $800.00 $17,600
8.3 Project Services (Back Office) Day 5 $640.00 $3,200
8.4 Per Diem Day 30 $334.00 $10,020 Outside CONUS rate for location listed by DOD
8.5 Travel Trip 2 $2,000.00 $4,000
Subtotal $2,025,255
Contingency 20% $405,051
TOTAL COST $2,430,306
City of Kotzebue 1.5 MMBTU Waste-to-Energy Boiler Cost Estimate
Cost Estimate for Construction
Wood Pellet Boiler Heating Project
City of Kotzebue
Page 4
Tetra Tech, Inc.
661 Andersen Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15220-2745
Tel 412.921.7090 Fax 412.921.4040 www.tertratech.com
Considerations and Assumptions
Tetra Tech’s considerations and assumptions are listed below:
1.A refinement of the scope of work including definition of pre-design/design parameters and
permits/permit requirements are required in order to provide a firm fixed price proposal to conduct the
services noted above to Ketchikan Borough. Therefore, the pricing included is an estimation of cost.
Confidentiality Statement and Disclaimer
The content of this Cost Estimate is not intended for the use of, nor is it intended to be relied upon, by any person,
firm, or corporation other than City of Kotzebue. Tetra Tech denies any liability whatsoever to other parties who
may obtain access to this Proposal for damages or injury suffered by such third parties arising from the use of this
document or the information contained herein.
This Proposal is based upon information provided to Tetra Tech by City of Kotzebue. If the items received are
flawed or incorrect then cost adjustments may be required. This Quotation is not a formal proposal until
additional design parameters and permitting requirements can be determined.
Conclusion
Tetra Tech is excited about the opportunity to continue to support City of Kotzebue on this Project.
E4 – Shipping Quotation, Linden Transportation
www.lyndentransport.com
Rate Estimate Page
18000 INTERNATIONAL BLVD.
SUITE 800
SEATTLE, WA 98188
206-575-9578
P. O. BOX 3725
SEATTLE, WA
98124-3725
1-866-596-3368
GCO54 1 of 2
Prepared For:
Destination:Phone:
PO Number:Fax:
Estimated Ship Date:Email:
Prepared By:
Phone:
Date:
Origin:
Fax:
TETRA TECH September 20, 2013
Edmonton,AB,T7X3G7
303 291-6268 Kotzebue AK
jeff.coombe@tetratech.com September 17, 2013
Sandra Darke
sdarke@lynden.com
780 960-9444
780 962-6377
(LxWxH)Qty UOM DimensionsFreight Description Weight Rate Charge
3,910.00 WINNIPEG TO EDMONTON
20,063.23 OUTBOUND CHARGES FROM
ANCHORAGE AK TO KOTZEBUE AK
1 53F 40' x 8' x 8'40,000 6,200.00 40' CONTAINER BOILER
EQUIPMENT
2,399.40 "FUEL SURCHARGE"38.7%
30.00 "BORDER CROSS SECURITY FEE"
32,602.63 TOTAL CHARGES:
NOTES:
US funds
Customer reponsible to load at origin
Fuel surcharge subject to change
Please reference the quote number GCO54 on the bill of laing for this rate to apply
Rate is based on commodity weight and dimensions shown Subject to fuel surcharge in effect at time of shipment
This estimate has been prepared based on information provided on this date and is valid for 30 days. Charges may differ from those contained herein
due to changes in weight, dimensions, description of goods, or requested services. All services are subject to the standard terms and conditions of our
tariff (available at www.lynden.com/ltia) and the bill of lading published therein. Any bill of lading or other shipping document issued shall not be
effective to the extent it conflicts with our terms and conditions. By shipping with Lynden Transport, Inc., you are acknowledging acceptance of our
terms and conditions.
www.lyndentransport.com
Rate Estimate Page
18000 INTERNATIONAL BLVD.
SUITE 800
SEATTLE, WA 98188
206-575-9578
P. O. BOX 3725
SEATTLE, WA
98124-3725
1-866-596-3368
GCO54 1 of 2
www.lyndentransport.com
Rate Estimate Page
18000 INTERNATIONAL BLVD.
SUITE 800
SEATTLE, WA 98188
206-575-9578
P. O. BOX 3725
SEATTLE, WA
98124-3725
1-866-596-3368
GCO54 2 of 2
Ready to Ship?
Schedule your shipment
Email trancs@lynden.com or call (866) 596-3368
Request a pickup
Email trancs@lynden.com or call (866) 596-3368
Track your freight online
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Standard Tracking -Go to www.lynden.com/ez
or call (866) 596-3368
Schedule delivery
Email trancs@lynden.com or call (866) 596-3368
Step 1:
Step 2:
Step 3:
Step 4:
Get started shipping online:
Go to www.lynden.com/ez or call (866) 596-3368
*Not an EZ Commerce customer? Sign up today to schedule shipments, request pickups,
track shipments and receive invoices, all online!
This estimate has been prepared based on information provided on this date and is valid for 30 days. Charges may differ from those contained herein
due to changes in weight, dimensions, description of goods, or requested services. All services are subject to the standard terms and conditions of our
tariff (available at www.lynden.com/ltia) and the bill of lading published therein. Any bill of lading or other shipping document issued shall not be
effective to the extent it conflicts with our terms and conditions. By shipping with Lynden Transport, Inc., you are acknowledging acceptance of our
terms and conditions.
Appendix F – Feasibility Study
SUBMITTED BY:
Tetra Tech
310 K St., Ste. 200
Anchorage
SUBMITTED BY:
Tetra Tech
310 K St., Ste. 200
Anchorage, Alaska
SUBMITTED BY:
310 K St., Ste. 200
, Alaska 9950199501
Feasibility Study
Mr.
keith.henn@tetratech.com
City of Kotzebue
Biomass Energy
Feasibility Study
CONTACT:
Mr.Keith Henn, PG
(412) 921
keith.henn@tetratech.com
City of Kotzebue
Biomass Energy
Feasibility Study Report
CONTACT:
Keith Henn, PG
412) 921-8398
keith.henn@tetratech.com
City of Kotzebue
Biomass Energy
Report
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
i
Executive Summary
1 Introduction
1.1
1.2
2 Biomass Feedstock Assessment
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
3 Technology Evaluation
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4 Local Energy Demand and Facility Siting
4.1
4.2
5 Conceptual Engineering Design
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
6 Permitting and Environmental Analysis
6.1
6.2
7 Project Financial and Econ
7.1
7.2
7.3
8 Conclusions and Recommendations
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
Executive Summary
Introduction ................................
1.1 PROJECT
1.2 STUDY AND REPORT ORG
Biomass Feedstock Assessment
2.1 MUNICIPAL SOLID WAST
2.2 REFUSE
2.3 MSW ENERGY CONTENT
2.4 CONSTRUCTION AND DEM
2.5 ALTERNATIVE FEEDSTOC
Technology Evaluation
3.1 ENERGY GENERATION TE
3.2 ELECTRICITY PRODUCTI
3.3 PRE-PROCESSING AND STORA
3.4 TECHNOLOGY RECOMMEND
Local Energy Demand and Facility Siting
4.1 LOCAL FACILITIES AND
4.2 PROJECT SITING ASSES
Conceptual Engineering Design
5.1 FACILITY DESCRIPTION
5.2 SCENARIO 1
5.3 SCENARIO 2
5.4 BIOMASS POWER PLANT
Permitting and Environmental Analysis
6.1 PERMITTING REQUIREME
6.2 EMISSIONS CONCERNS F
Project Financial and Econ
7.1 FACILITY CAPITAL COS
7.2 FINANCIAL MODELING I
7.3 PRO FORMA
Conclusions and Recommendations
APPENDIX A:LIFE CYCLE COST MODEL PROFORMA
APPENDIX B:LIFE CYCLE COST MODEL PROFORMA
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
................................
................................
PROJECT OVERVIEW
STUDY AND REPORT ORG
Biomass Feedstock Assessment
MUNICIPAL SOLID WAST
REFUSE-DERIVED FUEL
MSW ENERGY CONTENT
CONSTRUCTION AND DEM
ALTERNATIVE FEEDSTOC
Technology Evaluation ................................
ENERGY GENERATION TE
ELECTRICITY PRODUCTI
PROCESSING AND STORA
TECHNOLOGY RECOMMEND
Local Energy Demand and Facility Siting
LOCAL FACILITIES AND
PROJECT SITING ASSES
Conceptual Engineering Design
FACILITY DESCRIPTION
SCENARIO 1 –RDF BOILER SYSTEM
SCENARIO 2 –MSW GASIFIER
BIOMASS POWER PLANT
Permitting and Environmental Analysis
PERMITTING REQUIREME
EMISSIONS CONCERNS F
Project Financial and Econ
FACILITY CAPITAL COS
FINANCIAL MODELING I
PRO FORMA FINANCIAL MODELING A
Conclusions and Recommendations
LIFE CYCLE COST MODEL PROFORMA
LIFE CYCLE COST MODEL PROFORMA
FEASIBILITY STUDY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
................................................................
................................................................
................................
STUDY AND REPORT ORGANIZATION
Biomass Feedstock Assessment ................................
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) SUPPLY
DERIVED FUEL ................................
MSW ENERGY CONTENT ................................
CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE (C&D)
ALTERNATIVE FEEDSTOCK SOURCES
................................
ENERGY GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES
ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION................................
PROCESSING AND STORAGE ................................
TECHNOLOGY RECOMMENDATION
Local Energy Demand and Facility Siting
LOCAL FACILITIES AND ENERGY DEMAND
PROJECT SITING ASSESSMENT ................................
Conceptual Engineering Design ................................
FACILITY DESCRIPTIONS ................................
RDF BOILER SYSTEM
MSW GASIFIER ................................
BIOMASS POWER PLANT OPERATIONAL CONSIDER
Permitting and Environmental Analysis
PERMITTING REQUIREMENTS FOR A BIOMASS EN
EMISSIONS CONCERNS FROM COMBUSTION AND G
Project Financial and Economic Analysis
FACILITY CAPITAL COSTS ................................
FINANCIAL MODELING INPUTS AND CONDITIONA
FINANCIAL MODELING A
Conclusions and Recommendations ................................
LIFE CYCLE COST MODEL PROFORMA
LIFE CYCLE COST MODEL PROFORMA
FEASIBILITY STUDY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
................................
................................
................................................................
ANIZATION ................................
................................
E (MSW) SUPPLY ................................
................................................................
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OLITION WASTE (C&D)
K SOURCES ................................
................................................................
CHNOLOGIES ................................
................................
................................
ATION ................................
Local Energy Demand and Facility Siting ................................
ENERGY DEMAND ................................
................................
................................
................................................................
RDF BOILER SYSTEM ................................
................................
OPERATIONAL CONSIDER
Permitting and Environmental Analysis ................................
NTS FOR A BIOMASS EN
ROM COMBUSTION AND G
omic Analysis ................................
................................................................
NPUTS AND CONDITIONA
FINANCIAL MODELING AND PROJECTED RETURNS
................................
LIFE CYCLE COST MODEL PROFORMA –RDF BOILER
LIFE CYCLE COST MODEL PROFORMA –MSW GASIFIER
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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OLITION WASTE (C&D)................................
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OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS................................
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NTS FOR A BIOMASS ENERGY PLANT
ROM COMBUSTION AND GASIFICATION OF WASTE
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NPUTS AND CONDITIONAL ASSUMPTIONS
ND PROJECTED RETURNS
................................................................
RDF BOILER SYSTEM
MSW GASIFIER SYSTEM
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ERGY PLANT................................
ASIFICATION OF WASTE
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L ASSUMPTIONS ................................
ND PROJECTED RETURNS ................................
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SYSTEM
SYSTEM
December 2012
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December 2012
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KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
ii
Figure 2-1: Average U.S. MSW Composition
Figure 2-2: Kotzebue Refuse Baler
Figure 2-3: Photo of AC Cardboard Bales and Pallets
Figure 2-4: Photo of Maniilaq Health Center Waste Stream
Figure 2-5: Schematic of Materials Recovery Facility
Figure 3-1: Waste
Figure 3-2: Adv
Figure 3-3: Generalized Decision Chart for MSW Based Energy Systems
Figure 3-4: MSW Shredder (Photo Courtesy of UNTHA)
Figure 3-5: Wood Shredder (Photo courtesy of
Figure 3-6: Biomass Pellets (Source
Figure 3-7: MSW Briquettes (Source www.bhsenergy.com)
Figure 4-1: Photo of Hillside Area and Site 2
Figure 4-2: Biomass Energy Plant Sites
Figure 5-1: Scenario 1
Figure 5-2: Kotzebue Biomass Power Plant Facility Configuration (In
Figure 5-3: Scenario 2
Table 2-1:
Table 2-2: Kotzebue Municipal Solid
Table 3-1: CHP Generation
Table 3-2: RDF Storage Pile Volume Comparing Storage Scenarios
Table 3-3: Product Parameters Concerning Densification Technologies
Table 3-4: Summary of Technology Parameters
Table 4-1: Kotzebue Government Building Heatin
Table 4-2: Scenario 1 Energy Uses
Table 4-3: Kotzebue / KEA Add
Table 5-1: Scenario 1 Seasonal Variability
Table 5-2: Biomass Energy Plant Operating Parameters
Table 5-3: Biomass Energy Plant Inputs and Outputs
Table 6-1: Sample Performance Claim for Batch Gasification of MSW Application.
Table 7-1: Biomass Pow
Table 7-2: Summary Financial Metrics
Table 7-3: Results of Baseline Scenario Financial Analysis
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
1: Average U.S. MSW Composition
2: Kotzebue Refuse Baler
3: Photo of AC Cardboard Bales and Pallets
4: Photo of Maniilaq Health Center Waste Stream
5: Schematic of Materials Recovery Facility
1: Waste-to-Energy Conversion Pathways
2: Advanced Combustion 2
3: Generalized Decision Chart for MSW Based Energy Systems
4: MSW Shredder (Photo Courtesy of UNTHA)
5: Wood Shredder (Photo courtesy of
6: Biomass Pellets (Source
7: MSW Briquettes (Source www.bhsenergy.com)
1: Photo of Hillside Area and Site 2
2: Biomass Energy Plant Sites
1: Scenario 1 –
2: Kotzebue Biomass Power Plant Facility Configuration (In
3: Scenario 2 –
1:Kotzebue Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Composition
2: Kotzebue Municipal Solid
1: CHP Generation
2: RDF Storage Pile Volume Comparing Storage Scenarios
3: Product Parameters Concerning Densification Technologies
4: Summary of Technology Parameters
1: Kotzebue Government Building Heatin
2: Scenario 1 Energy Uses
3: Kotzebue / KEA Add
1: Scenario 1 Seasonal Variability
2: Biomass Energy Plant Operating Parameters
3: Biomass Energy Plant Inputs and Outputs
1: Sample Performance Claim for Batch Gasification of MSW Application.
1: Biomass Pow
2: Summary Financial Metrics
3: Results of Baseline Scenario Financial Analysis
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
1: Average U.S. MSW Composition
2: Kotzebue Refuse Baler ................................
3: Photo of AC Cardboard Bales and Pallets
4: Photo of Maniilaq Health Center Waste Stream
5: Schematic of Materials Recovery Facility
Energy Conversion Pathways
anced Combustion 2-
3: Generalized Decision Chart for MSW Based Energy Systems
4: MSW Shredder (Photo Courtesy of UNTHA)
5: Wood Shredder (Photo courtesy of
6: Biomass Pellets (Source
7: MSW Briquettes (Source www.bhsenergy.com)
1: Photo of Hillside Area and Site 2
2: Biomass Energy Plant Sites
–RDF Boiler Block Flow Diagram
2: Kotzebue Biomass Power Plant Facility Configuration (In
–MSW Gasifier Block Flow Diagram
Kotzebue Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Composition
2: Kotzebue Municipal Solid
1: CHP Generation -Best Case Scenario Analysis
2: RDF Storage Pile Volume Comparing Storage Scenarios
3: Product Parameters Concerning Densification Technologies
4: Summary of Technology Parameters
1: Kotzebue Government Building Heatin
2: Scenario 1 Energy Uses ................................
3: Kotzebue / KEA Add-Heat System Parameters
1: Scenario 1 Seasonal Variability
2: Biomass Energy Plant Operating Parameters
3: Biomass Energy Plant Inputs and Outputs
1: Sample Performance Claim for Batch Gasification of MSW Application.
1: Biomass Power Plant Capital Cost Estimate
2: Summary Financial Metrics
3: Results of Baseline Scenario Financial Analysis
FEASIBILITY STUDY
FIGURES
1: Average U.S. MSW Composition ................................
................................
3: Photo of AC Cardboard Bales and Pallets
4: Photo of Maniilaq Health Center Waste Stream
5: Schematic of Materials Recovery Facility
Energy Conversion Pathways
-Stage Process Description
3: Generalized Decision Chart for MSW Based Energy Systems
4: MSW Shredder (Photo Courtesy of UNTHA)
5: Wood Shredder (Photo courtesy of UNTHA)
6: Biomass Pellets (Source www.cleantechloops.com
7: MSW Briquettes (Source www.bhsenergy.com)
1: Photo of Hillside Area and Site 2 ................................
2: Biomass Energy Plant Sites ................................
RDF Boiler Block Flow Diagram
2: Kotzebue Biomass Power Plant Facility Configuration (In
MSW Gasifier Block Flow Diagram
Kotzebue Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Composition
2: Kotzebue Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Energy Content
Best Case Scenario Analysis
2: RDF Storage Pile Volume Comparing Storage Scenarios
3: Product Parameters Concerning Densification Technologies
4: Summary of Technology Parameters ................................
1: Kotzebue Government Building Heating Demands
................................
Heat System Parameters
1: Scenario 1 Seasonal Variability................................
2: Biomass Energy Plant Operating Parameters
3: Biomass Energy Plant Inputs and Outputs
1: Sample Performance Claim for Batch Gasification of MSW Application.
er Plant Capital Cost Estimate
2: Summary Financial Metrics ................................
3: Results of Baseline Scenario Financial Analysis
FEASIBILITY STUDY
FIGURES
................................
................................................................
3: Photo of AC Cardboard Bales and Pallets ................................
4: Photo of Maniilaq Health Center Waste Stream ................................
5: Schematic of Materials Recovery Facility................................
Energy Conversion Pathways ................................
Stage Process Description
3: Generalized Decision Chart for MSW Based Energy Systems
4: MSW Shredder (Photo Courtesy of UNTHA)................................
UNTHA)................................
www.cleantechloops.com
7: MSW Briquettes (Source www.bhsenergy.com)................................
................................
................................................................
RDF Boiler Block Flow Diagram ................................
2: Kotzebue Biomass Power Plant Facility Configuration (In
MSW Gasifier Block Flow Diagram ................................
TABLES
Kotzebue Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Composition
Waste (MSW) Energy Content
Best Case Scenario Analysis ................................
2: RDF Storage Pile Volume Comparing Storage Scenarios
3: Product Parameters Concerning Densification Technologies
................................
g Demands ................................
................................................................
Heat System Parameters................................
................................................................
2: Biomass Energy Plant Operating Parameters ................................
3: Biomass Energy Plant Inputs and Outputs ................................
1: Sample Performance Claim for Batch Gasification of MSW Application.
er Plant Capital Cost Estimate ................................
................................................................
3: Results of Baseline Scenario Financial Analysis ................................
................................................................
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3: Generalized Decision Chart for MSW Based Energy Systems................................
................................
................................
www.cleantechloops.com)................................
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2: Kotzebue Biomass Power Plant Facility Configuration (In-Town RDF Plant)
................................
Kotzebue Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Composition ................................
Waste (MSW) Energy Content ................................
................................
2: RDF Storage Pile Volume Comparing Storage Scenarios ................................
3: Product Parameters Concerning Densification Technologies................................
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1: Sample Performance Claim for Batch Gasification of MSW Application.
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KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
iii
24/7
APC
AC
AEA
AK DEC
BTU
C&D
CHP
DOER
EPA
EPC
EPCRA
FIA
HAPs
IC
IRR
LHV
MCF
MW
KEA
KIC
KOTZEBUE
MRF
MSW
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
24 Hours Per Day, 7 Days Per Week
Air Pollution Control
Alaska
Alaska Energy Authority
Alaska Dept. of Environmental Conservation
British Thermal Unit
construction and demolition
Combined Heat and Power
Massachusetts Department of Energy Resources
Environmental Protection Agency
Engineering, Procurement, and Construction
Emergency Planning and Community Right
USFS Forest Inventory and Analysis National Program
Hazardous air pollutants
Interconnection Custom
Internal Rate of return
Lower Heating Value
Measured in cubic feet
Megawatt
Kotzebue Electric Association
Kikiktagaruk Inupiat Corporation
KOTZEBUE City of Kotzebue
materials recovery facility
Municipal Solid
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
24 Hours Per Day, 7 Days Per Week
Air Pollution Control
Alaska commercial company value center
Alaska Energy Authority
Alaska Dept. of Environmental Conservation
British Thermal Unit
construction and demolition
Combined Heat and Power
Massachusetts Department of Energy Resources
Environmental Protection Agency
Engineering, Procurement, and Construction
Emergency Planning and Community Right
USFS Forest Inventory and Analysis National Program
Hazardous air pollutants
Interconnection Custom
Internal Rate of return
Lower Heating Value
easured in cubic feet
Megawatt
Kotzebue Electric Association
Kikiktagaruk Inupiat Corporation
City of Kotzebue
materials recovery facility
Municipal Solid Waste
FEASIBILITY STUDY
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
24 Hours Per Day, 7 Days Per Week
Air Pollution Control
commercial company value center
Alaska Energy Authority
Alaska Dept. of Environmental Conservation
British Thermal Unit
construction and demolition
Combined Heat and Power
Massachusetts Department of Energy Resources
Environmental Protection Agency
Engineering, Procurement, and Construction
Emergency Planning and Community Right
USFS Forest Inventory and Analysis National Program
Hazardous air pollutants
Interconnection Customers
Internal Rate of return
Lower Heating Value
easured in cubic feet
Kotzebue Electric Association
Kikiktagaruk Inupiat Corporation
materials recovery facility
Waste
FEASIBILITY STUDY
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
24 Hours Per Day, 7 Days Per Week
commercial company value center
Alaska Dept. of Environmental Conservation
Massachusetts Department of Energy Resources
Environmental Protection Agency
Engineering, Procurement, and Construction
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-know act
USFS Forest Inventory and Analysis National Program
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Massachusetts Department of Energy Resources
know act
USFS Forest Inventory and Analysis National Program
December 2012December 2012
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
iv
NWI
PTE
RCRA
RDF
REC
SBA
SPEED
SQA
Syngas
T&D
TCLP
Tetra Tech
TPD
UCF
WTP
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
National Wetlands Inventory
Potential to Emit
Resource Conservation Recovery Act
Refuse derived fuels
Renewable Energy Credits
Small Business Administration
Sustainably Priced Energy Development Program
Statement
Synthetic Gas Fuel
Transportation and Delivery
Toxicity characteristic leading procedure
Tetra Tech Tetra Tech Inc.
tons per day
University of Central Florida
water treatment plant
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
National Wetlands Inventory
Potential to Emit
Resource Conservation Recovery Act
Refuse derived fuels
Renewable Energy Credits
Small Business Administration
Sustainably Priced Energy Development Program
tatement of qualification application
Synthetic Gas Fuel
Transportation and Delivery
Toxicity characteristic leading procedure
Tetra Tech Inc.
tons per day
University of Central Florida
water treatment plant
FEASIBILITY STUDY
National Wetlands Inventory
Resource Conservation Recovery Act
Refuse derived fuels
Renewable Energy Credits
Small Business Administration
Sustainably Priced Energy Development Program
of qualification application
Transportation and Delivery
Toxicity characteristic leading procedure
University of Central Florida
water treatment plant
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Resource Conservation Recovery Act
Sustainably Priced Energy Development Program
of qualification application
Toxicity characteristic leading procedure
Sustainably Priced Energy Development Program
December 2012December 2012
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
ES-1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
PROJECT OVERVIEW
The City of Kotzebue (Kotzebue) is the regional hub of Northwest Alaska
Arctic Circle on the Chukchi Sea.
waste through construction of a biomass
that are advantageous for development of such a project. Fundamentally, the city is located in an isolated
region, and would benefit from the ability to produce its own energy and reduce dependence on expensive
energy imports. Furthermore, Kotzebue owns several
and heating of citizens’ water supply,
plant and
biomass in the form of municipal solid waste (MSW)
The Alaska Energy Authority (AEA) sponsored this analysis into the viability of a
energy project in Kotzebue.
(DOWL) conducted the evaluation.
Kotzebue
Kotzebue Electric Association, including a 2.94 MW wind farm, solar thermal projects, and waste
capture, amongst other projects.
progressive government approach to locally produced energy.
Converting waste to energy
are over 100 MSW energy projects operat
per year and producing over 26 million megawatt
energy per year
Community
last several decades in response to the rise in basic energy costs, and as process technologies have advanced
to manage the mater
The State of
application
compliant with EPA’s Resourc
1 http://wteplants.com/
2 Colt, et al. “
Electric, Water, Sewer, Bulk Fuel, Solid Waste. ”
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
PROJECT OVERVIEW
The City of Kotzebue (Kotzebue) is the regional hub of Northwest Alaska
Arctic Circle on the Chukchi Sea.
waste through construction of a biomass
re advantageous for development of such a project. Fundamentally, the city is located in an isolated
region, and would benefit from the ability to produce its own energy and reduce dependence on expensive
energy imports. Furthermore, Kotzebue owns several
and heating of citizens’ water supply,
and reduce the city’s
biomass in the form of municipal solid waste (MSW)
The Alaska Energy Authority (AEA) sponsored this analysis into the viability of a
energy project in Kotzebue.
(DOWL) conducted the evaluation.
has pioneered renewable energy projects in the past in conjunction with the local energy utility
Kotzebue Electric Association, including a 2.94 MW wind farm, solar thermal projects, and waste
capture, amongst other projects.
progressive government approach to locally produced energy.
Converting waste to energy
are over 100 MSW energy projects operat
per year and producing over 26 million megawatt
energy per year1. Versions of this technology have been in operation at large sca
Community-scale projects, such as those for remote towns
last several decades in response to the rise in basic energy costs, and as process technologies have advanced
to manage the material inputs and emission outputs associated with MSW.
The State of Alaska h
pplications.90% of rural
compliant with EPA’s Resourc
http://wteplants.com/
Colt, et al. “Sustainable
Electric, Water, Sewer, Bulk Fuel, Solid Waste. ”
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
PROJECT OVERVIEW
The City of Kotzebue (Kotzebue) is the regional hub of Northwest Alaska
Arctic Circle on the Chukchi Sea.The city is currently reviewing an
waste through construction of a biomass
re advantageous for development of such a project. Fundamentally, the city is located in an isolated
region, and would benefit from the ability to produce its own energy and reduce dependence on expensive
energy imports. Furthermore, Kotzebue owns several
and heating of citizens’ water supply,
reduce the city’s high energy costs
biomass in the form of municipal solid waste (MSW)
The Alaska Energy Authority (AEA) sponsored this analysis into the viability of a
energy project in Kotzebue.Engineering firm Tetra Tech, Inc. (Tetra Tech) and project partner DOWL HKM
(DOWL) conducted the evaluation.
has pioneered renewable energy projects in the past in conjunction with the local energy utility
Kotzebue Electric Association, including a 2.94 MW wind farm, solar thermal projects, and waste
capture, amongst other projects.Therefore, the desire f
progressive government approach to locally produced energy.
Converting waste to energy, while new to the region,
are over 100 MSW energy projects operat
per year and producing over 26 million megawatt
. Versions of this technology have been in operation at large sca
scale projects, such as those for remote towns
last several decades in response to the rise in basic energy costs, and as process technologies have advanced
ial inputs and emission outputs associated with MSW.
as unique intrinsic
90% of rural, remote Alaskan villages dispose of
compliant with EPA’s Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) standards
http://wteplants.com/
Sustainable Utilities in Rural Alaska
Electric, Water, Sewer, Bulk Fuel, Solid Waste. ”
FEASIBILITY STUDY
The City of Kotzebue (Kotzebue) is the regional hub of Northwest Alaska
The city is currently reviewing an
waste through construction of a biomass-fired energy generation plant.
re advantageous for development of such a project. Fundamentally, the city is located in an isolated
region, and would benefit from the ability to produce its own energy and reduce dependence on expensive
energy imports. Furthermore, Kotzebue owns several
and heating of citizens’ water supply,either or both
high energy costs. Kotzebue also has a readily available source of
biomass in the form of municipal solid waste (MSW)
The Alaska Energy Authority (AEA) sponsored this analysis into the viability of a
Engineering firm Tetra Tech, Inc. (Tetra Tech) and project partner DOWL HKM
has pioneered renewable energy projects in the past in conjunction with the local energy utility
Kotzebue Electric Association, including a 2.94 MW wind farm, solar thermal projects, and waste
Therefore, the desire f
progressive government approach to locally produced energy.
, while new to the region,
are over 100 MSW energy projects operating in the world, processing over 40 million metric tonnes of waste
per year and producing over 26 million megawatt-
. Versions of this technology have been in operation at large sca
scale projects, such as those for remote towns
last several decades in response to the rise in basic energy costs, and as process technologies have advanced
ial inputs and emission outputs associated with MSW.
intrinsic characteristics th
Alaskan villages dispose of
e Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) standards
Utilities in Rural Alaska
Electric, Water, Sewer, Bulk Fuel, Solid Waste. ”University of Alaska Anchorage
FEASIBILITY STUDY
The City of Kotzebue (Kotzebue) is the regional hub of Northwest Alaska
The city is currently reviewing an
fired energy generation plant.
re advantageous for development of such a project. Fundamentally, the city is located in an isolated
region, and would benefit from the ability to produce its own energy and reduce dependence on expensive
energy imports. Furthermore, Kotzebue owns several government buildings and is responsible for treatment
either or both of which could absorb the energy produced by such a
. Kotzebue also has a readily available source of
biomass in the form of municipal solid waste (MSW)that is currently being disposed in the local landfill
The Alaska Energy Authority (AEA) sponsored this analysis into the viability of a
Engineering firm Tetra Tech, Inc. (Tetra Tech) and project partner DOWL HKM
has pioneered renewable energy projects in the past in conjunction with the local energy utility
Kotzebue Electric Association, including a 2.94 MW wind farm, solar thermal projects, and waste
Therefore, the desire for renewable energy projects fits well with the
progressive government approach to locally produced energy.
, while new to the region,is a proven and commercialized technology field. There
ing in the world, processing over 40 million metric tonnes of waste
-hours (MWh) of electricity and 7.4 million MWh of thermal
. Versions of this technology have been in operation at large sca
scale projects, such as those for remote towns, and military bases
last several decades in response to the rise in basic energy costs, and as process technologies have advanced
ial inputs and emission outputs associated with MSW.
characteristics that pro
Alaskan villages dispose of combustible
e Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) standards
Utilities in Rural Alaska;Effective Management, Maintenance and Operation of
University of Alaska Anchorage
The City of Kotzebue (Kotzebue) is the regional hub of Northwest Alaska,located roughly 20 miles above the
The city is currently reviewing an opportunity to generate energy from
fired energy generation plant.Kotzebue
re advantageous for development of such a project. Fundamentally, the city is located in an isolated
region, and would benefit from the ability to produce its own energy and reduce dependence on expensive
government buildings and is responsible for treatment
of which could absorb the energy produced by such a
. Kotzebue also has a readily available source of
currently being disposed in the local landfill
The Alaska Energy Authority (AEA) sponsored this analysis into the viability of a
Engineering firm Tetra Tech, Inc. (Tetra Tech) and project partner DOWL HKM
has pioneered renewable energy projects in the past in conjunction with the local energy utility
Kotzebue Electric Association, including a 2.94 MW wind farm, solar thermal projects, and waste
or renewable energy projects fits well with the
is a proven and commercialized technology field. There
ing in the world, processing over 40 million metric tonnes of waste
hours (MWh) of electricity and 7.4 million MWh of thermal
. Versions of this technology have been in operation at large sca
, and military bases
last several decades in response to the rise in basic energy costs, and as process technologies have advanced
ial inputs and emission outputs associated with MSW.
t provide opportunities
combustible waste in
e Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) standards
Effective Management, Maintenance and Operation of
University of Alaska Anchorage
located roughly 20 miles above the
opportunity to generate energy from
Kotzebue has many existing features
re advantageous for development of such a project. Fundamentally, the city is located in an isolated
region, and would benefit from the ability to produce its own energy and reduce dependence on expensive
government buildings and is responsible for treatment
of which could absorb the energy produced by such a
. Kotzebue also has a readily available source of
currently being disposed in the local landfill
The Alaska Energy Authority (AEA) sponsored this analysis into the viability of a biomass
Engineering firm Tetra Tech, Inc. (Tetra Tech) and project partner DOWL HKM
has pioneered renewable energy projects in the past in conjunction with the local energy utility
Kotzebue Electric Association, including a 2.94 MW wind farm, solar thermal projects, and waste
or renewable energy projects fits well with the
is a proven and commercialized technology field. There
ing in the world, processing over 40 million metric tonnes of waste
hours (MWh) of electricity and 7.4 million MWh of thermal
. Versions of this technology have been in operation at large scale since the 1970’s.
, and military bases, have been
last several decades in response to the rise in basic energy costs, and as process technologies have advanced
opportunities for
waste in landfills that are often
e Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) standards2. Meanwhile
Effective Management, Maintenance and Operation of
University of Alaska Anchorage, 2003.
December 2012
located roughly 20 miles above the
opportunity to generate energy from
has many existing features
re advantageous for development of such a project. Fundamentally, the city is located in an isolated
region, and would benefit from the ability to produce its own energy and reduce dependence on expensive
government buildings and is responsible for treatment
of which could absorb the energy produced by such a
. Kotzebue also has a readily available source of combustible
currently being disposed in the local landfill.
biomass-fired community
Engineering firm Tetra Tech, Inc. (Tetra Tech) and project partner DOWL HKM
has pioneered renewable energy projects in the past in conjunction with the local energy utility
Kotzebue Electric Association, including a 2.94 MW wind farm, solar thermal projects, and waste
or renewable energy projects fits well with the
is a proven and commercialized technology field. There
ing in the world, processing over 40 million metric tonnes of waste
hours (MWh) of electricity and 7.4 million MWh of thermal
le since the 1970’s.
been developed in the
last several decades in response to the rise in basic energy costs, and as process technologies have advanced
for waste to energy
landfills that are often
eanwhile,the villages
Effective Management, Maintenance and Operation of
December 2012
located roughly 20 miles above the
opportunity to generate energy from
has many existing features
re advantageous for development of such a project. Fundamentally, the city is located in an isolated
region, and would benefit from the ability to produce its own energy and reduce dependence on expensive
government buildings and is responsible for treatment
of which could absorb the energy produced by such a
combustible
.
community
Engineering firm Tetra Tech, Inc. (Tetra Tech) and project partner DOWL HKM
has pioneered renewable energy projects in the past in conjunction with the local energy utility
Kotzebue Electric Association, including a 2.94 MW wind farm, solar thermal projects, and waste-heat
or renewable energy projects fits well with the
is a proven and commercialized technology field. There
ing in the world, processing over 40 million metric tonnes of waste
hours (MWh) of electricity and 7.4 million MWh of thermal
le since the 1970’s.
developed in the
last several decades in response to the rise in basic energy costs, and as process technologies have advanced
waste to energy
landfills that are often not
the villages
Effective Management, Maintenance and Operation of
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
ES-2
pay approximately
are often
villages, such as Kotzebue, have seemingly viable conditions for a waste to energy system, it is required that
logistical, technical
WASTE STREAM FEEDSTO
One of the primary goals of this study was to evaluate the
be used as feedstock to generate energy. This study focused primarily on waste
found that the energy content of
120,000 gallons of fuel oil per year. In just the wood
and wood
equivalent to over 62,000 gallons of fuel oil.
separated their garbage before dispos
capture 250 tons
cardboard,
for a waste to energy
these estimates
consistent with the waste composition.
separation of RDF materials. The
system for its residents. The program has already
implementation of a
Wood pellets or briquettes are an additional supplementary biomass feedstock that can be purchased and
imported to Kotzebue to supplement waste
purchase pellets are significantly less expensive than fuel oil, and
promoting
FEASIBILITY STUDY CO
Waste to energy
commercial applications
including
identified as options
which can convert nearly the entire waste stream into energy
RDF combustion
operate in conjunction with a city recycling program.
and RDF Boiler scenarios, respective
electrical generation or combined heat and power
waste streams into valuable resources.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
approximately $7 to
are often barged or airlifted
villages, such as Kotzebue, have seemingly viable conditions for a waste to energy system, it is required that
logistical, technical,and organization issues are carefully evaluated to lay
WASTE STREAM FEEDSTO
One of the primary goals of this study was to evaluate the
be used as feedstock to generate energy. This study focused primarily on waste
found that the energy content of
120,000 gallons of fuel oil per year. In just the wood
wood-based materials
equivalent to over 62,000 gallons of fuel oil.
separated their garbage before dispos
capture 250 tons per year of
cardboard,and wood) from the overall waste stream
for a waste to energy project.
these estimates prior to final engineering of a
consistent with the waste composition.
separation of RDF materials. The
system for its residents. The program has already
implementation of a more formalized
Wood pellets or briquettes are an additional supplementary biomass feedstock that can be purchased and
imported to Kotzebue to supplement waste
purchase pellets are significantly less expensive than fuel oil, and
promoting a more efficient and complete combustion
FEASIBILITY STUDY CO
to energy technolo
commercial applications
including gasification of unsorted MSW and th
identified as options carried forward in detailed analysis
can convert nearly the entire waste stream into energy
RDF combustion technologies
operate in conjunction with a city recycling program.
and RDF Boiler scenarios, respective
electrical generation or combined heat and power
waste streams into valuable resources.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
to $10 per gallon
barged or airlifted to the
villages, such as Kotzebue, have seemingly viable conditions for a waste to energy system, it is required that
and organization issues are carefully evaluated to lay
WASTE STREAM FEEDSTOCK
One of the primary goals of this study was to evaluate the
be used as feedstock to generate energy. This study focused primarily on waste
found that the energy content of Kotzebue’s
120,000 gallons of fuel oil per year. In just the wood
based materials), over eight billion Btu’s of are thrown into the Kotzebue landfill annually,
equivalent to over 62,000 gallons of fuel oil.
separated their garbage before dispos
year of refuse derived fuels (
wood) from the overall waste stream
project.Laboratory analysis of the city
prior to final engineering of a
consistent with the waste composition.
separation of RDF materials. The City of Kotzebue recently implemented a waste
system for its residents. The program has already
more formalized
Wood pellets or briquettes are an additional supplementary biomass feedstock that can be purchased and
imported to Kotzebue to supplement waste
purchase pellets are significantly less expensive than fuel oil, and
cient and complete combustion
FEASIBILITY STUDY CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMM
technologies have
commercial applications.Numerous
gasification of unsorted MSW and th
carried forward in detailed analysis
can convert nearly the entire waste stream into energy
technologies offers a more commonly used technology and presents an opportunity to
operate in conjunction with a city recycling program.
and RDF Boiler scenarios, respective
electrical generation or combined heat and power
waste streams into valuable resources.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
gallon for heating fuel
to the rural villages
villages, such as Kotzebue, have seemingly viable conditions for a waste to energy system, it is required that
and organization issues are carefully evaluated to lay
One of the primary goals of this study was to evaluate the
be used as feedstock to generate energy. This study focused primarily on waste
Kotzebue’s Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
120,000 gallons of fuel oil per year. In just the wood
r eight billion Btu’s of are thrown into the Kotzebue landfill annually,
equivalent to over 62,000 gallons of fuel oil.Assuming
separated their garbage before disposal (i.e.,in a
refuse derived fuels (
wood) from the overall waste stream
Laboratory analysis of the city
prior to final engineering of a
consistent with the waste composition.Source separation of wastes is
City of Kotzebue recently implemented a waste
system for its residents. The program has already
more formalized source-separation and/or recycling program in the city.
Wood pellets or briquettes are an additional supplementary biomass feedstock that can be purchased and
imported to Kotzebue to supplement waste-derived feedstock
purchase pellets are significantly less expensive than fuel oil, and
cient and complete combustion
NCLUSIONS AND RECOMM
gies have advanced significantly in recent years
Numerous technologies were investigated in this study;
gasification of unsorted MSW and the combustion of
carried forward in detailed analysis
can convert nearly the entire waste stream into energy
offers a more commonly used technology and presents an opportunity to
operate in conjunction with a city recycling program.
and RDF Boiler scenarios, respectively.The relatively small scale of b
electrical generation or combined heat and power
waste streams into valuable resources.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
heating fuel and diesel powered electric generation. These fuels
villages, a non-sustainable
villages, such as Kotzebue, have seemingly viable conditions for a waste to energy system, it is required that
and organization issues are carefully evaluated to lay
One of the primary goals of this study was to evaluate the biomass material available in Kotzebue that could
be used as feedstock to generate energy. This study focused primarily on waste
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
120,000 gallons of fuel oil per year. In just the wood-based combustible materials (
r eight billion Btu’s of are thrown into the Kotzebue landfill annually,
Assuming that
in a source-separation pro
refuse derived fuels (RDF)feedstock.
wood) from the overall waste stream, referred to as RDF,
Laboratory analysis of the city
prior to final engineering of a biomass energy plant
Source separation of wastes is
City of Kotzebue recently implemented a waste
system for its residents. The program has already achieved
separation and/or recycling program in the city.
Wood pellets or briquettes are an additional supplementary biomass feedstock that can be purchased and
derived feedstock
purchase pellets are significantly less expensive than fuel oil, and
cient and complete combustion.
NCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
advanced significantly in recent years
technologies were investigated in this study;
e combustion of
carried forward in detailed analysis.Gasification
can convert nearly the entire waste stream into energy extract
offers a more commonly used technology and presents an opportunity to
operate in conjunction with a city recycling program.These scenarios are referred to as MSW Gasification
The relatively small scale of b
electrical generation or combined heat and power.However, both systems clearly
and diesel powered electric generation. These fuels
sustainable energy
villages, such as Kotzebue, have seemingly viable conditions for a waste to energy system, it is required that
and organization issues are carefully evaluated to lay out a sound strategy and plan.
biomass material available in Kotzebue that could
be used as feedstock to generate energy. This study focused primarily on waste
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
based combustible materials (
r eight billion Btu’s of are thrown into the Kotzebue landfill annually,
that all commercial enterprises in Kotzebue
separation pro
feedstock.The wood
, referred to as RDF,would be the material of interest
Laboratory analysis of the city’s waste stream is recommended
biomass energy plant to ensure
Source separation of wastes is
City of Kotzebue recently implemented a waste
achieved success, and is a good sign for t
separation and/or recycling program in the city.
Wood pellets or briquettes are an additional supplementary biomass feedstock that can be purchased and
derived feedstock supplies. On an energy value basis, bulk
purchase pellets are significantly less expensive than fuel oil, and complement
ENDATIONS
advanced significantly in recent years
technologies were investigated in this study;
e combustion of sorted refuse derived fuels (RDF)
Gasification is a more sophisticated technology
extracting the maximum
offers a more commonly used technology and presents an opportunity to
These scenarios are referred to as MSW Gasification
The relatively small scale of both
However, both systems clearly
and diesel powered electric generation. These fuels
energy cycle.While many of these
villages, such as Kotzebue, have seemingly viable conditions for a waste to energy system, it is required that
out a sound strategy and plan.
biomass material available in Kotzebue that could
be used as feedstock to generate energy. This study focused primarily on waste-based feedst
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)stream is equivalent to nearly
based combustible materials (e.g.,
r eight billion Btu’s of are thrown into the Kotzebue landfill annually,
all commercial enterprises in Kotzebue
separation program), there is
wood-based materials (
would be the material of interest
waste stream is recommended
to ensure anticipated
Source separation of wastes is preferred over post
City of Kotzebue recently implemented a waste can separation
success, and is a good sign for t
separation and/or recycling program in the city.
Wood pellets or briquettes are an additional supplementary biomass feedstock that can be purchased and
supplies. On an energy value basis, bulk
complement RDF fuels in boiler systems by
advanced significantly in recent years and are currently available for
technologies were investigated in this study;however two technologies
refuse derived fuels (RDF)
is a more sophisticated technology
the maximum energy
offers a more commonly used technology and presents an opportunity to
These scenarios are referred to as MSW Gasification
oth analyzed
However, both systems clearly aim to turn Kotzebue’s
December 2012
and diesel powered electric generation. These fuels
While many of these
villages, such as Kotzebue, have seemingly viable conditions for a waste to energy system, it is required that
out a sound strategy and plan.
biomass material available in Kotzebue that could
based feedstocks. It was
stream is equivalent to nearly
e.g.,paper, cardboard,
r eight billion Btu’s of are thrown into the Kotzebue landfill annually,
all commercial enterprises in Kotzebue
ere is a potential to
based materials (e.g., paper,
would be the material of interest
waste stream is recommended to confirm
anticipated values are
over post-consumer
can separation collection
success, and is a good sign for t
separation and/or recycling program in the city.
Wood pellets or briquettes are an additional supplementary biomass feedstock that can be purchased and
supplies. On an energy value basis, bulk
in boiler systems by
and are currently available for
however two technologies
refuse derived fuels (RDF)
is a more sophisticated technology
energy possible, while
offers a more commonly used technology and presents an opportunity to
These scenarios are referred to as MSW Gasification
analyzed systems precludes
aim to turn Kotzebue’s
December 2012
and diesel powered electric generation. These fuels
While many of these
villages, such as Kotzebue, have seemingly viable conditions for a waste to energy system, it is required that
out a sound strategy and plan.
biomass material available in Kotzebue that could
. It was
stream is equivalent to nearly
paper, cardboard,
r eight billion Btu’s of are thrown into the Kotzebue landfill annually,
all commercial enterprises in Kotzebue
potential to
e.g., paper,
would be the material of interest
to confirm
values are
consumer
collection
success, and is a good sign for the
Wood pellets or briquettes are an additional supplementary biomass feedstock that can be purchased and
supplies. On an energy value basis, bulk-
in boiler systems by
and are currently available for
however two technologies
were
is a more sophisticated technology
, while
offers a more commonly used technology and presents an opportunity to
These scenarios are referred to as MSW Gasification
precludes
aim to turn Kotzebue’s
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
ES-3
These attributes, as well as other logistical
potential operational scenarios were developed. One system envisions combustion of a combination of RDF
briquettes and wood pellets to produce building heat at the public works campus; the se
gasifying all of Kotzebue’s MSW at an off
Conceptual designs of both biomass energy plant scenarios were created based on the evaluation, and
financial viability of the project
The evaluation
technologies are commercially available from multiple vendors
remote locations such as Ko
within a reasonable timeframe, while covering operating costs, employee wages, maintenance and materials,
and produce a small additional annual income for the city.
avoided fuel oil purchase
operator position, while the MSW Gasifier scenario
Boiler scenario is highly sensitive to project capital cost and throughput (i.e., RDF capture rate). It is likely
that improvements can be made to the conservative capital expense estimate, which includes a nearly
remote Arctic
be 50%, but could be improved to 60% + throu
While both scenarios require additional city planning and detailed engineering steps typical for projects o
this nature,
Public Works campus is an immediately implementable project contingent only on securing financing for the
project. The MSW Gasifier scenario is contin
an off-site location, likely a long
comparison make
Tetra Tech also r
scope of the study only allowed for empirical review of available information and estimation of Kotzebue’s
waste composition.
energy content of the material, as well as contaminants and other values
engineering
characterization of the feedstock source should be combined with test
technology to solidify burn characteristics, emission profile, and required equipment for combustion (pre
processing, ash handling, etc).
Kotzebue’s remote loca
significantly increases capital cost, as noted in the project report. However, cost to import fuel must be borne
throughout project lifespan, whereas a
in the city’s waste stream. A prospective deep
Blossom would likely reduce
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
These attributes, as well as other logistical
potential operational scenarios were developed. One system envisions combustion of a combination of RDF
briquettes and wood pellets to produce building heat at the public works campus; the se
gasifying all of Kotzebue’s MSW at an off
Conceptual designs of both biomass energy plant scenarios were created based on the evaluation, and
financial viability of the project
evaluation determined that both project scenarios are
technologies are commercially available from multiple vendors
remote locations such as Ko
within a reasonable timeframe, while covering operating costs, employee wages, maintenance and materials,
and produce a small additional annual income for the city.
avoided fuel oil purchase
operator position, while the MSW Gasifier scenario
scenario is highly sensitive to project capital cost and throughput (i.e., RDF capture rate). It is likely
that improvements can be made to the conservative capital expense estimate, which includes a nearly
remote Arctic construction cost factor
be 50%, but could be improved to 60% + throu
While both scenarios require additional city planning and detailed engineering steps typical for projects o
this nature,Tetra Tech recommends pursuing either of the two scenarios. An RDF Boiler located on the
Public Works campus is an immediately implementable project contingent only on securing financing for the
project. The MSW Gasifier scenario is contin
site location, likely a long
comparison makes it a more at
Tetra Tech also recommends laboratory analysis of representative samples of Kotzebue’s waste stream. The
scope of the study only allowed for empirical review of available information and estimation of Kotzebue’s
waste composition.Analysis of
energy content of the material, as well as contaminants and other values
engineering. Analysis
erization of the feedstock source should be combined with test
technology to solidify burn characteristics, emission profile, and required equipment for combustion (pre
processing, ash handling, etc).
Kotzebue’s remote loca
significantly increases capital cost, as noted in the project report. However, cost to import fuel must be borne
throughout project lifespan, whereas a
in the city’s waste stream. A prospective deep
Blossom would likely reduce
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
These attributes, as well as other logistical
potential operational scenarios were developed. One system envisions combustion of a combination of RDF
briquettes and wood pellets to produce building heat at the public works campus; the se
gasifying all of Kotzebue’s MSW at an off
Conceptual designs of both biomass energy plant scenarios were created based on the evaluation, and
financial viability of the project was evaluated.
determined that both project scenarios are
technologies are commercially available from multiple vendors
remote locations such as Kotzebue.
within a reasonable timeframe, while covering operating costs, employee wages, maintenance and materials,
and produce a small additional annual income for the city.
avoided fuel oil purchases.The RDF Boiler scenario can support one additional full
operator position, while the MSW Gasifier scenario
scenario is highly sensitive to project capital cost and throughput (i.e., RDF capture rate). It is likely
that improvements can be made to the conservative capital expense estimate, which includes a nearly
construction cost factor
be 50%, but could be improved to 60% + throu
While both scenarios require additional city planning and detailed engineering steps typical for projects o
Tetra Tech recommends pursuing either of the two scenarios. An RDF Boiler located on the
Public Works campus is an immediately implementable project contingent only on securing financing for the
project. The MSW Gasifier scenario is contin
site location, likely a long-term project. Additionally, the reduced capital expense of the RDF Boiler in
it a more attractive near
ecommends laboratory analysis of representative samples of Kotzebue’s waste stream. The
scope of the study only allowed for empirical review of available information and estimation of Kotzebue’s
Analysis of combustible material
energy content of the material, as well as contaminants and other values
can also help to indicate expected product capture rate of RDF. Laboratory
erization of the feedstock source should be combined with test
technology to solidify burn characteristics, emission profile, and required equipment for combustion (pre
processing, ash handling, etc).
Kotzebue’s remote location is also a project driver.
significantly increases capital cost, as noted in the project report. However, cost to import fuel must be borne
throughout project lifespan, whereas a
in the city’s waste stream. A prospective deep
Blossom would likely reduce material costs
FEASIBILITY STUDY
These attributes, as well as other logistical considerations, were evaluated in the feasibility study. Two (2)
potential operational scenarios were developed. One system envisions combustion of a combination of RDF
briquettes and wood pellets to produce building heat at the public works campus; the se
gasifying all of Kotzebue’s MSW at an off-site location to potentially pre
Conceptual designs of both biomass energy plant scenarios were created based on the evaluation, and
was evaluated.
determined that both project scenarios are
technologies are commercially available from multiple vendors
tzebue.As analyzed, each scenario is able to repay
within a reasonable timeframe, while covering operating costs, employee wages, maintenance and materials,
and produce a small additional annual income for the city.
The RDF Boiler scenario can support one additional full
operator position, while the MSW Gasifier scenario
scenario is highly sensitive to project capital cost and throughput (i.e., RDF capture rate). It is likely
that improvements can be made to the conservative capital expense estimate, which includes a nearly
construction cost factor increase, as well as the conservative capture rate of RDF (estimated to
be 50%, but could be improved to 60% + through source
While both scenarios require additional city planning and detailed engineering steps typical for projects o
Tetra Tech recommends pursuing either of the two scenarios. An RDF Boiler located on the
Public Works campus is an immediately implementable project contingent only on securing financing for the
project. The MSW Gasifier scenario is contingent on re
term project. Additionally, the reduced capital expense of the RDF Boiler in
tractive near-term investment.
ecommends laboratory analysis of representative samples of Kotzebue’s waste stream. The
scope of the study only allowed for empirical review of available information and estimation of Kotzebue’s
combustible material
energy content of the material, as well as contaminants and other values
can also help to indicate expected product capture rate of RDF. Laboratory
erization of the feedstock source should be combined with test
technology to solidify burn characteristics, emission profile, and required equipment for combustion (pre
tion is also a project driver.
significantly increases capital cost, as noted in the project report. However, cost to import fuel must be borne
throughout project lifespan, whereas a biomass energy system
in the city’s waste stream. A prospective deep-water port
material costs (steel, concrete, and equipment)
FEASIBILITY STUDY
considerations, were evaluated in the feasibility study. Two (2)
potential operational scenarios were developed. One system envisions combustion of a combination of RDF
briquettes and wood pellets to produce building heat at the public works campus; the se
site location to potentially pre
Conceptual designs of both biomass energy plant scenarios were created based on the evaluation, and
determined that both project scenarios are technically and
technologies are commercially available from multiple vendors
As analyzed, each scenario is able to repay
within a reasonable timeframe, while covering operating costs, employee wages, maintenance and materials,
and produce a small additional annual income for the city.Revenue for
The RDF Boiler scenario can support one additional full
operator position, while the MSW Gasifier scenario will require
scenario is highly sensitive to project capital cost and throughput (i.e., RDF capture rate). It is likely
that improvements can be made to the conservative capital expense estimate, which includes a nearly
increase, as well as the conservative capture rate of RDF (estimated to
gh source-separation programs).
While both scenarios require additional city planning and detailed engineering steps typical for projects o
Tetra Tech recommends pursuing either of the two scenarios. An RDF Boiler located on the
Public Works campus is an immediately implementable project contingent only on securing financing for the
gent on re-development of the city’s water treatment system at
term project. Additionally, the reduced capital expense of the RDF Boiler in
term investment.
ecommends laboratory analysis of representative samples of Kotzebue’s waste stream. The
scope of the study only allowed for empirical review of available information and estimation of Kotzebue’s
combustible materials from the
energy content of the material, as well as contaminants and other values
can also help to indicate expected product capture rate of RDF. Laboratory
erization of the feedstock source should be combined with test
technology to solidify burn characteristics, emission profile, and required equipment for combustion (pre
tion is also a project driver.The difficulty of transporting materials to Kotzebue
significantly increases capital cost, as noted in the project report. However, cost to import fuel must be borne
biomass energy system
water port being planned to
(steel, concrete, and equipment)
considerations, were evaluated in the feasibility study. Two (2)
potential operational scenarios were developed. One system envisions combustion of a combination of RDF
briquettes and wood pellets to produce building heat at the public works campus; the se
site location to potentially pre
Conceptual designs of both biomass energy plant scenarios were created based on the evaluation, and
technically and financially viable
technologies are commercially available from multiple vendors,and both are robust for harsh climate and
As analyzed, each scenario is able to repay
within a reasonable timeframe, while covering operating costs, employee wages, maintenance and materials,
Revenue for the projects
The RDF Boiler scenario can support one additional full
will require four (4) full
scenario is highly sensitive to project capital cost and throughput (i.e., RDF capture rate). It is likely
that improvements can be made to the conservative capital expense estimate, which includes a nearly
increase, as well as the conservative capture rate of RDF (estimated to
separation programs).
While both scenarios require additional city planning and detailed engineering steps typical for projects o
Tetra Tech recommends pursuing either of the two scenarios. An RDF Boiler located on the
Public Works campus is an immediately implementable project contingent only on securing financing for the
development of the city’s water treatment system at
term project. Additionally, the reduced capital expense of the RDF Boiler in
ecommends laboratory analysis of representative samples of Kotzebue’s waste stream. The
scope of the study only allowed for empirical review of available information and estimation of Kotzebue’s
he city’s waste stream
energy content of the material, as well as contaminants and other values
can also help to indicate expected product capture rate of RDF. Laboratory
erization of the feedstock source should be combined with test-burns in the selected conversion
technology to solidify burn characteristics, emission profile, and required equipment for combustion (pre
The difficulty of transporting materials to Kotzebue
significantly increases capital cost, as noted in the project report. However, cost to import fuel must be borne
biomass energy system has locally-produced and reliable fuel source
being planned to
(steel, concrete, and equipment)
considerations, were evaluated in the feasibility study. Two (2)
potential operational scenarios were developed. One system envisions combustion of a combination of RDF
briquettes and wood pellets to produce building heat at the public works campus; the se
site location to potentially pre-heat city raw water supplies.
Conceptual designs of both biomass energy plant scenarios were created based on the evaluation, and
financially viable
and both are robust for harsh climate and
As analyzed, each scenario is able to repay project
within a reasonable timeframe, while covering operating costs, employee wages, maintenance and materials,
the projects is derived
The RDF Boiler scenario can support one additional full-time licensed boiler
four (4) full-time staff positions.
scenario is highly sensitive to project capital cost and throughput (i.e., RDF capture rate). It is likely
that improvements can be made to the conservative capital expense estimate, which includes a nearly
increase, as well as the conservative capture rate of RDF (estimated to
separation programs).
While both scenarios require additional city planning and detailed engineering steps typical for projects o
Tetra Tech recommends pursuing either of the two scenarios. An RDF Boiler located on the
Public Works campus is an immediately implementable project contingent only on securing financing for the
development of the city’s water treatment system at
term project. Additionally, the reduced capital expense of the RDF Boiler in
ecommends laboratory analysis of representative samples of Kotzebue’s waste stream. The
scope of the study only allowed for empirical review of available information and estimation of Kotzebue’s
aste stream will determine the actual
energy content of the material, as well as contaminants and other values that will affect subsequent
can also help to indicate expected product capture rate of RDF. Laboratory
burns in the selected conversion
technology to solidify burn characteristics, emission profile, and required equipment for combustion (pre
The difficulty of transporting materials to Kotzebue
significantly increases capital cost, as noted in the project report. However, cost to import fuel must be borne
produced and reliable fuel source
being planned to service Kotzebue
(steel, concrete, and equipment)to support capital projects, but
December 2012
considerations, were evaluated in the feasibility study. Two (2)
potential operational scenarios were developed. One system envisions combustion of a combination of RDF
briquettes and wood pellets to produce building heat at the public works campus; the second evaluated
heat city raw water supplies.
Conceptual designs of both biomass energy plant scenarios were created based on the evaluation, and
financially viable prospects.
and both are robust for harsh climate and
project debt obligations
within a reasonable timeframe, while covering operating costs, employee wages, maintenance and materials,
is derived in the form of
time licensed boiler
time staff positions.The RDF
scenario is highly sensitive to project capital cost and throughput (i.e., RDF capture rate). It is likely
that improvements can be made to the conservative capital expense estimate, which includes a nearly
increase, as well as the conservative capture rate of RDF (estimated to
While both scenarios require additional city planning and detailed engineering steps typical for projects o
Tetra Tech recommends pursuing either of the two scenarios. An RDF Boiler located on the
Public Works campus is an immediately implementable project contingent only on securing financing for the
development of the city’s water treatment system at
term project. Additionally, the reduced capital expense of the RDF Boiler in
ecommends laboratory analysis of representative samples of Kotzebue’s waste stream. The
scope of the study only allowed for empirical review of available information and estimation of Kotzebue’s
will determine the actual
that will affect subsequent
can also help to indicate expected product capture rate of RDF. Laboratory
burns in the selected conversion
technology to solidify burn characteristics, emission profile, and required equipment for combustion (pre
The difficulty of transporting materials to Kotzebue
significantly increases capital cost, as noted in the project report. However, cost to import fuel must be borne
produced and reliable fuel source
Kotzebue from
t capital projects, but
December 2012
considerations, were evaluated in the feasibility study. Two (2)
potential operational scenarios were developed. One system envisions combustion of a combination of RDF
cond evaluated
heat city raw water supplies.
Conceptual designs of both biomass energy plant scenarios were created based on the evaluation, and
prospects.Both
and both are robust for harsh climate and
debt obligations
within a reasonable timeframe, while covering operating costs, employee wages, maintenance and materials,
in the form of
time licensed boiler
The RDF
scenario is highly sensitive to project capital cost and throughput (i.e., RDF capture rate). It is likely
that improvements can be made to the conservative capital expense estimate, which includes a nearly 200%
increase, as well as the conservative capture rate of RDF (estimated to
While both scenarios require additional city planning and detailed engineering steps typical for projects of
Tetra Tech recommends pursuing either of the two scenarios. An RDF Boiler located on the
Public Works campus is an immediately implementable project contingent only on securing financing for the
development of the city’s water treatment system at
term project. Additionally, the reduced capital expense of the RDF Boiler in
ecommends laboratory analysis of representative samples of Kotzebue’s waste stream. The
scope of the study only allowed for empirical review of available information and estimation of Kotzebue’s
will determine the actual
that will affect subsequent
can also help to indicate expected product capture rate of RDF. Laboratory
burns in the selected conversion
technology to solidify burn characteristics, emission profile, and required equipment for combustion (pre-
The difficulty of transporting materials to Kotzebue
significantly increases capital cost, as noted in the project report. However, cost to import fuel must be borne
produced and reliable fuel source
from Cape
t capital projects, but
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
ES-4
is unlikely to have much effect on fuel costs, which are tied to global increases in energy demand and
expense.
The findings of this study
Kotzebue.
energy solutions, scaled to fit the feedstock sources and heating needs of the respective villages. The
difficulty and expense in sourcing fuel oil shared by
biomass energy systems as Kotzebue’s opportunity. T
each situation should be carefully evaluated for its technical and logistical viability, fin
approval within the
In conclusion, what can be determined from this study is that a significant amount of Kotzebue’s trash is
being unnecessarily landfilled
also avoid
energy production of the RDF Boiler scenario would displace over 30,000 gallons of fuel oil each year, and
divert over 300 tons of waste from
energy project that can win support at the
increase community self
energy project
pioneering sustainable and renewable energy practices
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
is unlikely to have much effect on fuel costs, which are tied to global increases in energy demand and
The findings of this study
.The smaller villages in the Northwest Arctic Borough have expressed interest in similar waste
energy solutions, scaled to fit the feedstock sources and heating needs of the respective villages. The
difficulty and expense in sourcing fuel oil shared by
biomass energy systems as Kotzebue’s opportunity. T
each situation should be carefully evaluated for its technical and logistical viability, fin
approval within the respective
In conclusion, what can be determined from this study is that a significant amount of Kotzebue’s trash is
being unnecessarily landfilled
avoid importing a
energy production of the RDF Boiler scenario would displace over 30,000 gallons of fuel oil each year, and
over 300 tons of waste from
project that can win support at the
increase community self
energy project can be
pioneering sustainable and renewable energy practices
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
is unlikely to have much effect on fuel costs, which are tied to global increases in energy demand and
The findings of this study should be considered
he smaller villages in the Northwest Arctic Borough have expressed interest in similar waste
energy solutions, scaled to fit the feedstock sources and heating needs of the respective villages. The
difficulty and expense in sourcing fuel oil shared by
biomass energy systems as Kotzebue’s opportunity. T
each situation should be carefully evaluated for its technical and logistical viability, fin
respective communities.
In conclusion, what can be determined from this study is that a significant amount of Kotzebue’s trash is
being unnecessarily landfilled, and could instead be used as a sustainable source of energy
importing a significant amount of fuel oil
energy production of the RDF Boiler scenario would displace over 30,000 gallons of fuel oil each year, and
over 300 tons of waste from the local landfill
project that can win support at the
increase community self-sufficiency, and improve
a model program for other
pioneering sustainable and renewable energy practices
FEASIBILITY STUDY
is unlikely to have much effect on fuel costs, which are tied to global increases in energy demand and
be considered applicable in corollary
he smaller villages in the Northwest Arctic Borough have expressed interest in similar waste
energy solutions, scaled to fit the feedstock sources and heating needs of the respective villages. The
difficulty and expense in sourcing fuel oil shared by
biomass energy systems as Kotzebue’s opportunity. T
each situation should be carefully evaluated for its technical and logistical viability, fin
communities.
In conclusion, what can be determined from this study is that a significant amount of Kotzebue’s trash is
, and could instead be used as a sustainable source of energy
significant amount of fuel oil
energy production of the RDF Boiler scenario would displace over 30,000 gallons of fuel oil each year, and
the local landfill
project that can win support at the local, sta
sufficiency, and improve
a model program for other
pioneering sustainable and renewable energy practices
FEASIBILITY STUDY
is unlikely to have much effect on fuel costs, which are tied to global increases in energy demand and
applicable in corollary
he smaller villages in the Northwest Arctic Borough have expressed interest in similar waste
energy solutions, scaled to fit the feedstock sources and heating needs of the respective villages. The
difficulty and expense in sourcing fuel oil shared by all of these communities presents
biomass energy systems as Kotzebue’s opportunity. The concept in theory has been shown to be viable,
each situation should be carefully evaluated for its technical and logistical viability, fin
In conclusion, what can be determined from this study is that a significant amount of Kotzebue’s trash is
, and could instead be used as a sustainable source of energy
significant amount of fuel oil with the development of a
energy production of the RDF Boiler scenario would displace over 30,000 gallons of fuel oil each year, and
the local landfill annually.This
local, state, and national
sufficiency, and improve waste management and disposal
a model program for other Alaskan villages
pioneering sustainable and renewable energy practices.
is unlikely to have much effect on fuel costs, which are tied to global increases in energy demand and
applicable in corollary for the region
he smaller villages in the Northwest Arctic Borough have expressed interest in similar waste
energy solutions, scaled to fit the feedstock sources and heating needs of the respective villages. The
all of these communities presents
he concept in theory has been shown to be viable,
each situation should be carefully evaluated for its technical and logistical viability, fin
In conclusion, what can be determined from this study is that a significant amount of Kotzebue’s trash is
, and could instead be used as a sustainable source of energy
with the development of a
energy production of the RDF Boiler scenario would displace over 30,000 gallons of fuel oil each year, and
This project exemplifies
onal level for its ability to reduce fuel imports,
waste management and disposal
villages, continuing the
is unlikely to have much effect on fuel costs, which are tied to global increases in energy demand and
for the region, not only the City of
he smaller villages in the Northwest Arctic Borough have expressed interest in similar waste
energy solutions, scaled to fit the feedstock sources and heating needs of the respective villages. The
all of these communities presents similar opportunity for
he concept in theory has been shown to be viable,
each situation should be carefully evaluated for its technical and logistical viability, fin
In conclusion, what can be determined from this study is that a significant amount of Kotzebue’s trash is
, and could instead be used as a sustainable source of energy
with the development of a biomass
energy production of the RDF Boiler scenario would displace over 30,000 gallons of fuel oil each year, and
exemplifies the
level for its ability to reduce fuel imports,
waste management and disposal practices
, continuing the tradition
December 2012
is unlikely to have much effect on fuel costs, which are tied to global increases in energy demand and
, not only the City of
he smaller villages in the Northwest Arctic Borough have expressed interest in similar waste
energy solutions, scaled to fit the feedstock sources and heating needs of the respective villages. The
similar opportunity for
he concept in theory has been shown to be viable,
each situation should be carefully evaluated for its technical and logistical viability, financial cost, and
In conclusion, what can be determined from this study is that a significant amount of Kotzebue’s trash is
, and could instead be used as a sustainable source of energy. The city could
energy plant. Total
energy production of the RDF Boiler scenario would displace over 30,000 gallons of fuel oil each year, and
the type of sustainable
level for its ability to reduce fuel imports,
practices. This biomass
tradition of Kotzebue
December 2012
is unlikely to have much effect on fuel costs, which are tied to global increases in energy demand and
, not only the City of
he smaller villages in the Northwest Arctic Borough have expressed interest in similar waste-to-
energy solutions, scaled to fit the feedstock sources and heating needs of the respective villages. The
similar opportunity for
he concept in theory has been shown to be viable,but
ancial cost, and
In conclusion, what can be determined from this study is that a significant amount of Kotzebue’s trash is
city could
energy plant. Total
energy production of the RDF Boiler scenario would displace over 30,000 gallons of fuel oil each year, and
sustainable
level for its ability to reduce fuel imports,
biomass
Kotzebue in
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
1-1
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW
The City of
miles above the Arctic Circle on the Chukchi Sea. Kotzebue
project partner DOWL HKM (DOWL) to review the feasib
assisted through funding from the Alaska Energy Authority (AEA).
Kotzebue
generation
project.Fundamentally
produce its own energy and reduce dependence on expensive energy imports. Further
several government buildings
which could absorb the energy produced by such a plan
combustible biomass in
1.2 STUDY AND
The City of Kotzebue project analysis and report is organized to address the five key aspects requested within
the project RFP. These are:
1.Paper and
2.Identification and Evaluation of Viable Technologies
3.Conceptual Design and ROM Cost Analysis
4.Permitting and Environmental Analysis
5.Economic and Financial Analysis
The report is formatted in such a way as to track the flow
waste-to-energy plant, starting with a review of MSW supply. The report finishes with a review of permitting
and environmental requirements and a financial analysis of the project.
The report contains the fol
An Executive Summary to summarize the findings of the study.
Section 1 includes this introduction to the project that provides the background and explains the scope and
purpose of this study.
Section 2 provides an assessment of the MSW (f
feedstock energy content and logistics associated with collecting and sorting MSW. This section also
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
INTRODUCTION
PROJECT OVERVIEW
The City of Kotzebue (Kotzebue) is
miles above the Arctic Circle on the Chukchi Sea. Kotzebue
project partner DOWL HKM (DOWL) to review the feasib
assisted through funding from the Alaska Energy Authority (AEA).
sees an opportunity to generate
generation plant.The
Fundamentally
produce its own energy and reduce dependence on expensive energy imports. Further
several government buildings
could absorb the energy produced by such a plan
combustible biomass in
STUDY AND REPORT
The City of Kotzebue project analysis and report is organized to address the five key aspects requested within
the project RFP. These are:
Paper and Wood Stream Analysis for Kotzebue
Identification and Evaluation of Viable Technologies
Conceptual Design and ROM Cost Analysis
Permitting and Environmental Analysis
Economic and Financial Analysis
The report is formatted in such a way as to track the flow
energy plant, starting with a review of MSW supply. The report finishes with a review of permitting
and environmental requirements and a financial analysis of the project.
The report contains the fol
An Executive Summary to summarize the findings of the study.
Section 1 includes this introduction to the project that provides the background and explains the scope and
purpose of this study.
Section 2 provides an assessment of the MSW (f
feedstock energy content and logistics associated with collecting and sorting MSW. This section also
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
INTRODUCTION
PROJECT OVERVIEW
Kotzebue (Kotzebue) is the regional hub of Northwest
miles above the Arctic Circle on the Chukchi Sea. Kotzebue
project partner DOWL HKM (DOWL) to review the feasib
assisted through funding from the Alaska Energy Authority (AEA).
an opportunity to generate
The area has ma
Fundamentally, the city is
produce its own energy and reduce dependence on expensive energy imports. Further
several government buildings and is responsible for treatment and heating of citizens’ water supply
could absorb the energy produced by such a plan
combustible biomass in the form of municipal solid waste (
REPORT ORGANIZATION
The City of Kotzebue project analysis and report is organized to address the five key aspects requested within
the project RFP. These are:
Wood Stream Analysis for Kotzebue
Identification and Evaluation of Viable Technologies
Conceptual Design and ROM Cost Analysis
Permitting and Environmental Analysis
Economic and Financial Analysis
The report is formatted in such a way as to track the flow
energy plant, starting with a review of MSW supply. The report finishes with a review of permitting
and environmental requirements and a financial analysis of the project.
The report contains the following sections:
An Executive Summary to summarize the findings of the study.
Section 1 includes this introduction to the project that provides the background and explains the scope and
Section 2 provides an assessment of the MSW (f
feedstock energy content and logistics associated with collecting and sorting MSW. This section also
FEASIBILITY STUDY
the regional hub of Northwest
miles above the Arctic Circle on the Chukchi Sea. Kotzebue
project partner DOWL HKM (DOWL) to review the feasib
assisted through funding from the Alaska Energy Authority (AEA).
an opportunity to generate energy from waste
area has many existing features that are advantageous for development of
located in an isolated region, and would benefit from the ability to
produce its own energy and reduce dependence on expensive energy imports. Further
and is responsible for treatment and heating of citizens’ water supply
could absorb the energy produced by such a plan
municipal solid waste (
ORGANIZATION
The City of Kotzebue project analysis and report is organized to address the five key aspects requested within
Wood Stream Analysis for Kotzebue
Identification and Evaluation of Viable Technologies
Conceptual Design and ROM Cost Analysis
Permitting and Environmental Analysis
The report is formatted in such a way as to track the flow
energy plant, starting with a review of MSW supply. The report finishes with a review of permitting
and environmental requirements and a financial analysis of the project.
lowing sections:
An Executive Summary to summarize the findings of the study.
Section 1 includes this introduction to the project that provides the background and explains the scope and
Section 2 provides an assessment of the MSW (feedstock) availability in the city. The analysis also addresses
feedstock energy content and logistics associated with collecting and sorting MSW. This section also
FEASIBILITY STUDY
the regional hub of Northwest
miles above the Arctic Circle on the Chukchi Sea. Kotzebue has
project partner DOWL HKM (DOWL) to review the feasibility of a biomass
assisted through funding from the Alaska Energy Authority (AEA).
energy from waste through const
ny existing features that are advantageous for development of
located in an isolated region, and would benefit from the ability to
produce its own energy and reduce dependence on expensive energy imports. Further
and is responsible for treatment and heating of citizens’ water supply
could absorb the energy produced by such a plant. Kotzebue also
municipal solid waste (MSW
The City of Kotzebue project analysis and report is organized to address the five key aspects requested within
Wood Stream Analysis for Kotzebue
Identification and Evaluation of Viable Technologies
The report is formatted in such a way as to track the flow of materials utilized by and produced from the
energy plant, starting with a review of MSW supply. The report finishes with a review of permitting
and environmental requirements and a financial analysis of the project.
An Executive Summary to summarize the findings of the study.
Section 1 includes this introduction to the project that provides the background and explains the scope and
eedstock) availability in the city. The analysis also addresses
feedstock energy content and logistics associated with collecting and sorting MSW. This section also
the regional hub of Northwest Alaska. The port city is
has engaged Tetra Tech, Inc. (Tetra Tech) and
ility of a biomass-fired community energy project,
assisted through funding from the Alaska Energy Authority (AEA).
through construction of a biomass
ny existing features that are advantageous for development of
located in an isolated region, and would benefit from the ability to
produce its own energy and reduce dependence on expensive energy imports. Further
and is responsible for treatment and heating of citizens’ water supply
. Kotzebue also has
MSW), which can be converted into energy
The City of Kotzebue project analysis and report is organized to address the five key aspects requested within
of materials utilized by and produced from the
energy plant, starting with a review of MSW supply. The report finishes with a review of permitting
and environmental requirements and a financial analysis of the project.
Section 1 includes this introduction to the project that provides the background and explains the scope and
eedstock) availability in the city. The analysis also addresses
feedstock energy content and logistics associated with collecting and sorting MSW. This section also
. The port city is
engaged Tetra Tech, Inc. (Tetra Tech) and
fired community energy project,
ruction of a biomass
ny existing features that are advantageous for development of
located in an isolated region, and would benefit from the ability to
produce its own energy and reduce dependence on expensive energy imports. Furthermore, Kotzebue
and is responsible for treatment and heating of citizens’ water supply
has a readily available source of
can be converted into energy
The City of Kotzebue project analysis and report is organized to address the five key aspects requested within
of materials utilized by and produced from the
energy plant, starting with a review of MSW supply. The report finishes with a review of permitting
Section 1 includes this introduction to the project that provides the background and explains the scope and
eedstock) availability in the city. The analysis also addresses
feedstock energy content and logistics associated with collecting and sorting MSW. This section also
December 2012
. The port city is located roughly 20
engaged Tetra Tech, Inc. (Tetra Tech) and
fired community energy project,
ruction of a biomass-fired energy
ny existing features that are advantageous for development of such a
located in an isolated region, and would benefit from the ability to
more, Kotzebue
and is responsible for treatment and heating of citizens’ water supply,any of
a readily available source of
can be converted into energy.
The City of Kotzebue project analysis and report is organized to address the five key aspects requested within
of materials utilized by and produced from the
energy plant, starting with a review of MSW supply. The report finishes with a review of permitting
Section 1 includes this introduction to the project that provides the background and explains the scope and
eedstock) availability in the city. The analysis also addresses
feedstock energy content and logistics associated with collecting and sorting MSW. This section also
December 2012
roughly 20
engaged Tetra Tech, Inc. (Tetra Tech) and
fired community energy project,
fired energy
such a
located in an isolated region, and would benefit from the ability to
more, Kotzebue owns
any of
a readily available source of
The City of Kotzebue project analysis and report is organized to address the five key aspects requested within
of materials utilized by and produced from the
energy plant, starting with a review of MSW supply. The report finishes with a review of permitting
Section 1 includes this introduction to the project that provides the background and explains the scope and
eedstock) availability in the city. The analysis also addresses
feedstock energy content and logistics associated with collecting and sorting MSW. This section also
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
1-2
introduces the potential use of supplementary feedstocks (wood pellets/
for such feedstocks to be delivered for use at the project.
Section 3 reviews available technologies for conversion of MSW to thermal energy, and recommends two
potential technologies for this application. Based upon the needs of these tec
processing equipment sets were reviewed for use at the project site.
Section 4 reviews the current energy demand profiles of Kotzebue controlled facilities, and reviews potential
project sites in light of available infrastructur
identified and further evaluated.
Section 5 provides process descriptions and conceptual engineering design of two project scenarios found to
be technically viable for converting MSW to en
carried out to a standard 10% design completion for both scenarios.
Section 6 reviews permitting requirements for all aspects of the reviewed technologies. Environmental
concerns relating to air em
provided for various regulating agencies.
Section 7 includes an estimation of the capital and operational costs, energy savings and revenues for the
most likely facility ope
Section 8 discusses the final conclusions and recommendations of the study.
Tetra Tech extends our appreciation
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
introduces the potential use of supplementary feedstocks (wood pellets/
for such feedstocks to be delivered for use at the project.
Section 3 reviews available technologies for conversion of MSW to thermal energy, and recommends two
potential technologies for this application. Based upon the needs of these tec
processing equipment sets were reviewed for use at the project site.
Section 4 reviews the current energy demand profiles of Kotzebue controlled facilities, and reviews potential
project sites in light of available infrastructur
identified and further evaluated.
Section 5 provides process descriptions and conceptual engineering design of two project scenarios found to
be technically viable for converting MSW to en
carried out to a standard 10% design completion for both scenarios.
Section 6 reviews permitting requirements for all aspects of the reviewed technologies. Environmental
concerns relating to air em
provided for various regulating agencies.
Section 7 includes an estimation of the capital and operational costs, energy savings and revenues for the
most likely facility operational range. These estimates are included into a financial model for the site.
Section 8 discusses the final conclusions and recommendations of the study.
Tetra Tech extends our appreciation
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
introduces the potential use of supplementary feedstocks (wood pellets/
for such feedstocks to be delivered for use at the project.
Section 3 reviews available technologies for conversion of MSW to thermal energy, and recommends two
potential technologies for this application. Based upon the needs of these tec
processing equipment sets were reviewed for use at the project site.
Section 4 reviews the current energy demand profiles of Kotzebue controlled facilities, and reviews potential
project sites in light of available infrastructur
identified and further evaluated.
Section 5 provides process descriptions and conceptual engineering design of two project scenarios found to
be technically viable for converting MSW to en
carried out to a standard 10% design completion for both scenarios.
Section 6 reviews permitting requirements for all aspects of the reviewed technologies. Environmental
concerns relating to air emissions from reviewed technologies are also addressed, and contact information is
provided for various regulating agencies.
Section 7 includes an estimation of the capital and operational costs, energy savings and revenues for the
rational range. These estimates are included into a financial model for the site.
Section 8 discusses the final conclusions and recommendations of the study.
Tetra Tech extends our appreciation
FEASIBILITY STUDY
introduces the potential use of supplementary feedstocks (wood pellets/
for such feedstocks to be delivered for use at the project.
Section 3 reviews available technologies for conversion of MSW to thermal energy, and recommends two
potential technologies for this application. Based upon the needs of these tec
processing equipment sets were reviewed for use at the project site.
Section 4 reviews the current energy demand profiles of Kotzebue controlled facilities, and reviews potential
project sites in light of available infrastructure and interconnection logistics. Three potential project sites are
Section 5 provides process descriptions and conceptual engineering design of two project scenarios found to
be technically viable for converting MSW to energy in Kotzebue. The facility process and engineering is
carried out to a standard 10% design completion for both scenarios.
Section 6 reviews permitting requirements for all aspects of the reviewed technologies. Environmental
issions from reviewed technologies are also addressed, and contact information is
provided for various regulating agencies.
Section 7 includes an estimation of the capital and operational costs, energy savings and revenues for the
rational range. These estimates are included into a financial model for the site.
Section 8 discusses the final conclusions and recommendations of the study.
to the City of Kotzebue
FEASIBILITY STUDY
introduces the potential use of supplementary feedstocks (wood pellets/
for such feedstocks to be delivered for use at the project.
Section 3 reviews available technologies for conversion of MSW to thermal energy, and recommends two
potential technologies for this application. Based upon the needs of these tec
processing equipment sets were reviewed for use at the project site.
Section 4 reviews the current energy demand profiles of Kotzebue controlled facilities, and reviews potential
e and interconnection logistics. Three potential project sites are
Section 5 provides process descriptions and conceptual engineering design of two project scenarios found to
ergy in Kotzebue. The facility process and engineering is
carried out to a standard 10% design completion for both scenarios.
Section 6 reviews permitting requirements for all aspects of the reviewed technologies. Environmental
issions from reviewed technologies are also addressed, and contact information is
Section 7 includes an estimation of the capital and operational costs, energy savings and revenues for the
rational range. These estimates are included into a financial model for the site.
Section 8 discusses the final conclusions and recommendations of the study.
City of Kotzebue for the opportunity to work on this
introduces the potential use of supplementary feedstocks (wood pellets/briquettes
Section 3 reviews available technologies for conversion of MSW to thermal energy, and recommends two
potential technologies for this application. Based upon the needs of these tec
processing equipment sets were reviewed for use at the project site.
Section 4 reviews the current energy demand profiles of Kotzebue controlled facilities, and reviews potential
e and interconnection logistics. Three potential project sites are
Section 5 provides process descriptions and conceptual engineering design of two project scenarios found to
ergy in Kotzebue. The facility process and engineering is
carried out to a standard 10% design completion for both scenarios.
Section 6 reviews permitting requirements for all aspects of the reviewed technologies. Environmental
issions from reviewed technologies are also addressed, and contact information is
Section 7 includes an estimation of the capital and operational costs, energy savings and revenues for the
rational range. These estimates are included into a financial model for the site.
Section 8 discusses the final conclusions and recommendations of the study.
for the opportunity to work on this
briquettes) and es
Section 3 reviews available technologies for conversion of MSW to thermal energy, and recommends two
potential technologies for this application. Based upon the needs of these technologies, MSW handling and
Section 4 reviews the current energy demand profiles of Kotzebue controlled facilities, and reviews potential
e and interconnection logistics. Three potential project sites are
Section 5 provides process descriptions and conceptual engineering design of two project scenarios found to
ergy in Kotzebue. The facility process and engineering is
Section 6 reviews permitting requirements for all aspects of the reviewed technologies. Environmental
issions from reviewed technologies are also addressed, and contact information is
Section 7 includes an estimation of the capital and operational costs, energy savings and revenues for the
rational range. These estimates are included into a financial model for the site.
for the opportunity to work on this
December 2012
) and estimates the cost
Section 3 reviews available technologies for conversion of MSW to thermal energy, and recommends two
hnologies, MSW handling and
Section 4 reviews the current energy demand profiles of Kotzebue controlled facilities, and reviews potential
e and interconnection logistics. Three potential project sites are
Section 5 provides process descriptions and conceptual engineering design of two project scenarios found to
ergy in Kotzebue. The facility process and engineering is
Section 6 reviews permitting requirements for all aspects of the reviewed technologies. Environmental
issions from reviewed technologies are also addressed, and contact information is
Section 7 includes an estimation of the capital and operational costs, energy savings and revenues for the
rational range. These estimates are included into a financial model for the site.
for the opportunity to work on this project.
December 2012
timates the cost
Section 3 reviews available technologies for conversion of MSW to thermal energy, and recommends two
hnologies, MSW handling and
Section 4 reviews the current energy demand profiles of Kotzebue controlled facilities, and reviews potential
e and interconnection logistics. Three potential project sites are
Section 5 provides process descriptions and conceptual engineering design of two project scenarios found to
ergy in Kotzebue. The facility process and engineering is
Section 6 reviews permitting requirements for all aspects of the reviewed technologies. Environmental
issions from reviewed technologies are also addressed, and contact information is
Section 7 includes an estimation of the capital and operational costs, energy savings and revenues for the
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
3-1
2 BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK
Feedstock supply is the single most important aspect of a biomass energy project. Consis
underutilized energy sources are critical to a project’s operational and financial viability. In this task,
Tech has analyzed the
following sectio
terms of supply volume,
2.1 MUNICIPAL SOLID WAST
Municipal
Export of materials for disposal, or even recycling, is rarely cost
products end up
compliant with EPA’s Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) standards
Below is the standard percentage composition of waste materials in the U.S., according to the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA)
Figure
Source:
3 Colt, et al. “
Electric, Water, Sewer, Bulk Fuel, Solid Waste. ”
4 http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/nonhaz/municipal/index.htm
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK
Feedstock supply is the single most important aspect of a biomass energy project. Consis
underutilized energy sources are critical to a project’s operational and financial viability. In this task,
Tech has analyzed the available and accessible volume of biomass supply in the
following section quantifies the
supply volume,
MUNICIPAL SOLID WAST
Solid Waste (MSW) management is a more acute problem in Alaska than elsewhere in the world.
Export of materials for disposal, or even recycling, is rarely cost
products end up in city landfill
compliant with EPA’s Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) standards
Below is the standard percentage composition of waste materials in the U.S., according to the Environmental
on Agency (EPA)
Figure 2-1: Average U.S. MSW Composition
Source:US EPA
Colt, et al. “Sustainable Utilities in Rural Alaska
Electric, Water, Sewer, Bulk Fuel, Solid Waste. ”
http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/nonhaz/municipal/index.htm
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK
Feedstock supply is the single most important aspect of a biomass energy project. Consis
underutilized energy sources are critical to a project’s operational and financial viability. In this task,
available and accessible volume of biomass supply in the
n quantifies the waste
supply volume,consistency, and fuel quality.
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) SUPPLY
Solid Waste (MSW) management is a more acute problem in Alaska than elsewhere in the world.
Export of materials for disposal, or even recycling, is rarely cost
city landfills.In addition,
compliant with EPA’s Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) standards
Below is the standard percentage composition of waste materials in the U.S., according to the Environmental
on Agency (EPA)4.
: Average U.S. MSW Composition
Sustainable Utilities in Rural Alaska
Electric, Water, Sewer, Bulk Fuel, Solid Waste. ”
http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/nonhaz/municipal/index.htm
FEASIBILITY STUDY
BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK ASSESSMENT
Feedstock supply is the single most important aspect of a biomass energy project. Consis
underutilized energy sources are critical to a project’s operational and financial viability. In this task,
available and accessible volume of biomass supply in the
waste-derived biomass feedstock supply potential in and around
consistency, and fuel quality.
E (MSW) SUPPLY
Solid Waste (MSW) management is a more acute problem in Alaska than elsewhere in the world.
Export of materials for disposal, or even recycling, is rarely cost
In addition,90% o
compliant with EPA’s Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) standards
Below is the standard percentage composition of waste materials in the U.S., according to the Environmental
: Average U.S. MSW Composition
Sustainable Utilities in Rural Alaska
Electric, Water, Sewer, Bulk Fuel, Solid Waste. ”University of Alaska Anchorage
http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/nonhaz/municipal/index.htm
FEASIBILITY STUDY
ASSESSMENT
Feedstock supply is the single most important aspect of a biomass energy project. Consis
underutilized energy sources are critical to a project’s operational and financial viability. In this task,
available and accessible volume of biomass supply in the
biomass feedstock supply potential in and around
consistency, and fuel quality.
E (MSW) SUPPLY
Solid Waste (MSW) management is a more acute problem in Alaska than elsewhere in the world.
Export of materials for disposal, or even recycling, is rarely cost
90% of rural Alaskan
compliant with EPA’s Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) standards
Below is the standard percentage composition of waste materials in the U.S., according to the Environmental
Sustainable Utilities in Rural Alaska;Effective Management, Maintenance and Operation of
University of Alaska Anchorage
http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/nonhaz/municipal/index.htm
Feedstock supply is the single most important aspect of a biomass energy project. Consis
underutilized energy sources are critical to a project’s operational and financial viability. In this task,
available and accessible volume of biomass supply in the
biomass feedstock supply potential in and around
Solid Waste (MSW) management is a more acute problem in Alaska than elsewhere in the world.
Export of materials for disposal, or even recycling, is rarely cost-effective, and the vast majority of waste
rural Alaskan villages dispose of waste in open dumps not
compliant with EPA’s Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) standards
Below is the standard percentage composition of waste materials in the U.S., according to the Environmental
Effective Management, Maintenance and Operation of
University of Alaska Anchorage
Feedstock supply is the single most important aspect of a biomass energy project. Consis
underutilized energy sources are critical to a project’s operational and financial viability. In this task,
available and accessible volume of biomass supply in the Kotzebue,
biomass feedstock supply potential in and around
Solid Waste (MSW) management is a more acute problem in Alaska than elsewhere in the world.
effective, and the vast majority of waste
villages dispose of waste in open dumps not
compliant with EPA’s Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) standards3.
Below is the standard percentage composition of waste materials in the U.S., according to the Environmental
Effective Management, Maintenance and Operation of
University of Alaska Anchorage, 2003.
December 2012
Feedstock supply is the single most important aspect of a biomass energy project. Consistent volumes of
underutilized energy sources are critical to a project’s operational and financial viability. In this task,
Alaska region
biomass feedstock supply potential in and around Kotzebue
Solid Waste (MSW) management is a more acute problem in Alaska than elsewhere in the world.
effective, and the vast majority of waste
villages dispose of waste in open dumps not
Below is the standard percentage composition of waste materials in the U.S., according to the Environmental
Effective Management, Maintenance and Operation of
December 2012
tent volumes of
underutilized energy sources are critical to a project’s operational and financial viability. In this task,Tetra
region. The
Kotzebue, in
Solid Waste (MSW) management is a more acute problem in Alaska than elsewhere in the world.
effective, and the vast majority of waste
villages dispose of waste in open dumps not
Below is the standard percentage composition of waste materials in the U.S., according to the Environmental
Effective Management, Maintenance and Operation of
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
3-2
Data concerning the composition of waste materials in Kotzebue was gathered through interviews with the
city’s Refuse Manager and empirical data regarding waste composition.
Kotzebue, with a population of 3,201 as of the 2010 US Census,
a relatively
approximately 1,625 tons of raw MSW are disposed in
classified as a ‘Class II’ landfill by RCRA and meets EPA operational guidelines.
Wastes are collected
campus, known as the Bailer b
of the refuse is compacted into approximately 1800 lb, 4 foot by 4 foot cubes to re
reduce waste dispersion in the landfill.
Figure
A breakdown of the distribution of materials (
Kotzebue’s waste was calculated based on
distribution
deviations from the norm are
content. C
shipping of consumer content to the city
of Kotzebue’s waste stream, specifically the divertible material (paper products and wood). Laboratory
analysis of the city waste stream is recommended prior to final engineering of a waste
ensure expected values are co
The resulting
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
Data concerning the composition of waste materials in Kotzebue was gathered through interviews with the
Refuse Manager and empirical data regarding waste composition.
, with a population of 3,201 as of the 2010 US Census,
relatively sophisticated waste management system
approximately 1,625 tons of raw MSW are disposed in
classified as a ‘Class II’ landfill by RCRA and meets EPA operational guidelines.
Wastes are collected throughout
campus, known as the Bailer b
of the refuse is compacted into approximately 1800 lb, 4 foot by 4 foot cubes to re
reduce waste dispersion in the landfill.
Figure 2-2:Kotzebue Refuse Baler
A breakdown of the distribution of materials (
Kotzebue’s waste was calculated based on
distribution values will likely differ from th
deviations from the norm are
content. Cardboard content is expected to be
shipping of consumer content to the city
of Kotzebue’s waste stream, specifically the divertible material (paper products and wood). Laboratory
analysis of the city waste stream is recommended prior to final engineering of a waste
ensure expected values are co
The resulting estimated
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
Data concerning the composition of waste materials in Kotzebue was gathered through interviews with the
Refuse Manager and empirical data regarding waste composition.
, with a population of 3,201 as of the 2010 US Census,
sophisticated waste management system
approximately 1,625 tons of raw MSW are disposed in
classified as a ‘Class II’ landfill by RCRA and meets EPA operational guidelines.
throughout the
campus, known as the Bailer building. Hazardous materials are separated for processing, and the remainder
of the refuse is compacted into approximately 1800 lb, 4 foot by 4 foot cubes to re
reduce waste dispersion in the landfill.
Kotzebue Refuse Baler
A breakdown of the distribution of materials (
Kotzebue’s waste was calculated based on
values will likely differ from th
deviations from the norm are 1) lawn and y
ardboard content is expected to be
shipping of consumer content to the city
of Kotzebue’s waste stream, specifically the divertible material (paper products and wood). Laboratory
analysis of the city waste stream is recommended prior to final engineering of a waste
ensure expected values are consistent with the waste composition.
estimated MSW composition
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Data concerning the composition of waste materials in Kotzebue was gathered through interviews with the
Refuse Manager and empirical data regarding waste composition.
, with a population of 3,201 as of the 2010 US Census,
sophisticated waste management system
approximately 1,625 tons of raw MSW are disposed in
classified as a ‘Class II’ landfill by RCRA and meets EPA operational guidelines.
the town and brought to a central processing point on the Public Wor
uilding. Hazardous materials are separated for processing, and the remainder
of the refuse is compacted into approximately 1800 lb, 4 foot by 4 foot cubes to re
reduce waste dispersion in the landfill.
Kotzebue Refuse Baler
A breakdown of the distribution of materials (i.e., the percentage of
Kotzebue’s waste was calculated based on US EPA aggregate data
values will likely differ from that of a standard US mainland city.
awn and yard biomass
ardboard content is expected to be approximately 20% higher than average
shipping of consumer content to the city. These numbers present a conservative overview of
of Kotzebue’s waste stream, specifically the divertible material (paper products and wood). Laboratory
analysis of the city waste stream is recommended prior to final engineering of a waste
nsistent with the waste composition.
composition breakdown for Kotzebue is displayed in Table
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Data concerning the composition of waste materials in Kotzebue was gathered through interviews with the
Refuse Manager and empirical data regarding waste composition.
, with a population of 3,201 as of the 2010 US Census,
sophisticated waste management system to process and dispose of
approximately 1,625 tons of raw MSW are disposed in the city
classified as a ‘Class II’ landfill by RCRA and meets EPA operational guidelines.
town and brought to a central processing point on the Public Wor
uilding. Hazardous materials are separated for processing, and the remainder
of the refuse is compacted into approximately 1800 lb, 4 foot by 4 foot cubes to re
i.e., the percentage of
US EPA aggregate data
at of a standard US mainland city.
ard biomass of which there is none produced
approximately 20% higher than average
. These numbers present a conservative overview of
of Kotzebue’s waste stream, specifically the divertible material (paper products and wood). Laboratory
analysis of the city waste stream is recommended prior to final engineering of a waste
nsistent with the waste composition.
breakdown for Kotzebue is displayed in Table
Data concerning the composition of waste materials in Kotzebue was gathered through interviews with the
Refuse Manager and empirical data regarding waste composition.
, with a population of 3,201 as of the 2010 US Census,is large by Alaskan village standards
process and dispose of
the city’s landfill.
classified as a ‘Class II’ landfill by RCRA and meets EPA operational guidelines.
town and brought to a central processing point on the Public Wor
uilding. Hazardous materials are separated for processing, and the remainder
of the refuse is compacted into approximately 1800 lb, 4 foot by 4 foot cubes to re
i.e., the percentage of paper vs. plastic. vs. cardboard, et
US EPA aggregate data.Due to its remote location,
at of a standard US mainland city.
of which there is none produced
approximately 20% higher than average
. These numbers present a conservative overview of
of Kotzebue’s waste stream, specifically the divertible material (paper products and wood). Laboratory
analysis of the city waste stream is recommended prior to final engineering of a waste
nsistent with the waste composition.
breakdown for Kotzebue is displayed in Table
Data concerning the composition of waste materials in Kotzebue was gathered through interviews with the
large by Alaskan village standards
process and dispose of its citizen
’s landfill.Kotzebue’s landfill is currently
classified as a ‘Class II’ landfill by RCRA and meets EPA operational guidelines.
town and brought to a central processing point on the Public Wor
uilding. Hazardous materials are separated for processing, and the remainder
of the refuse is compacted into approximately 1800 lb, 4 foot by 4 foot cubes to reduce landfill space and
paper vs. plastic. vs. cardboard, et
Due to its remote location,
at of a standard US mainland city.The two
of which there is none produced
approximately 20% higher than average due to
. These numbers present a conservative overview of
of Kotzebue’s waste stream, specifically the divertible material (paper products and wood). Laboratory
analysis of the city waste stream is recommended prior to final engineering of a waste-to
breakdown for Kotzebue is displayed in Table 2-
December 2012
Data concerning the composition of waste materials in Kotzebue was gathered through interviews with the
large by Alaskan village standards, and
its citizen’s trash. Each year
Kotzebue’s landfill is currently
town and brought to a central processing point on the Public Wor
uilding. Hazardous materials are separated for processing, and the remainder
duce landfill space and
paper vs. plastic. vs. cardboard, et
Due to its remote location,Kotzebue’s
The two expected
of which there is none produced, and 2)cardboard
due to packaging and
. These numbers present a conservative overview of the composition
of Kotzebue’s waste stream, specifically the divertible material (paper products and wood). Laboratory
to-energy system to
-1.
December 2012
Data concerning the composition of waste materials in Kotzebue was gathered through interviews with the
, and has
ach year
Kotzebue’s landfill is currently
town and brought to a central processing point on the Public Works
uilding. Hazardous materials are separated for processing, and the remainder
duce landfill space and
paper vs. plastic. vs. cardboard, etc) in
otzebue’s
expected major
cardboard
packaging and
the composition
of Kotzebue’s waste stream, specifically the divertible material (paper products and wood). Laboratory
energy system to
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
3-3
Table
Source:
2.2 REFUSE
Refuse derived
homogenous
RDF production and combustion systems
combustible materials. It is expected that an RDF system employed at Kotzebue will focus on wood
materials, specifically lumber, paper, and c
avoid contaminants, such as plastic, painted or stained wood, or other materials that may foul an RDF boiler
or produced unwanted air emissions from combustion.
RDF is often compressed in
characteristics
Section 4.
2.2.1 SOURCE SEPARATION
The easiest way to
to divert those products prior to entering the mass waste stream. Source
employed
Commercial Company
of RDF material
Borough Sch
source of wood
Alaska Airlines, Arctic Transportation Service, Lynden
Material
Cardboard
FoodWaste
Paper
Plastics
Metal
Wood
Glass
Textiles
Rubber
Leather
GardenTrimmings
Other
Total
Paper, Cardboard& WoodFraction
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
Table 2-1:Kotzebue
Source:EPA, Tetra Tech analysis
REFUSE-DERIVED FUEL
erived fuel (RDF) is a separated
homogenous fuel, free of contaminants, dirt, glass, metals, and other non
RDF production and combustion systems
combustible materials. It is expected that an RDF system employed at Kotzebue will focus on wood
materials, specifically lumber, paper, and c
avoid contaminants, such as plastic, painted or stained wood, or other materials that may foul an RDF boiler
or produced unwanted air emissions from combustion.
RDF is often compressed in
characteristics and efficiencies
SOURCE SEPARATION
The easiest way to avoid contamination of the cardboard
to divert those products prior to entering the mass waste stream. Source
ed at the only the largest
Commercial Company Value Center (AC),
materials are the school buildings, cafeterias, and maintenance buildings of the Northwest Arctic
School District, Nullagvi
source of wood (pallets
Alaska Airlines, Arctic Transportation Service, Lynden
Cardboard
FoodWaste
GardenTrimmings
Paper, Cardboard& WoodFraction
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
Kotzebue Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Composition
EPA, Tetra Tech analysis
DERIVED FUEL
uel (RDF) is a separated
, free of contaminants, dirt, glass, metals, and other non
RDF production and combustion systems
combustible materials. It is expected that an RDF system employed at Kotzebue will focus on wood
materials, specifically lumber, paper, and c
avoid contaminants, such as plastic, painted or stained wood, or other materials that may foul an RDF boiler
or produced unwanted air emissions from combustion.
RDF is often compressed in to pellets or briquettes after processing to further impro
and efficiencies. Densification and stabilization of RDF feedstock is discussed in more detail in
SOURCE SEPARATION OF RDF FEEDSTOCK
avoid contamination of the cardboard
to divert those products prior to entering the mass waste stream. Source
at the only the largest
Value Center (AC),
the school buildings, cafeterias, and maintenance buildings of the Northwest Arctic
ool District, Nullagvik Hotel, Rotman’s Store, and the various restaurants in town.
pallets)are the local air cargo firms that supply this regional trading hub
Alaska Airlines, Arctic Transportation Service, Lynden
WetWeight
Paper, Cardboard& WoodFraction
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Composition
uel (RDF) is a separated combustible
, free of contaminants, dirt, glass, metals, and other non
RDF production and combustion systems, process non
combustible materials. It is expected that an RDF system employed at Kotzebue will focus on wood
materials, specifically lumber, paper, and cardboard.
avoid contaminants, such as plastic, painted or stained wood, or other materials that may foul an RDF boiler
or produced unwanted air emissions from combustion.
to pellets or briquettes after processing to further impro
. Densification and stabilization of RDF feedstock is discussed in more detail in
OF RDF FEEDSTOCK
avoid contamination of the cardboard
to divert those products prior to entering the mass waste stream. Source
at the only the largest RDF producers
Value Center (AC),and the
the school buildings, cafeterias, and maintenance buildings of the Northwest Arctic
Hotel, Rotman’s Store, and the various restaurants in town.
are the local air cargo firms that supply this regional trading hub
Alaska Airlines, Arctic Transportation Service, Lynden
WetWeight
(%)
18.7%
18.6%
14.1%
12.3%
8.6%
6.5%
4.8%
2.8%
2.8%
2.8%
0.0%
8.1%
100.0%
39.3%
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Composition
combustible portion of
, free of contaminants, dirt, glass, metals, and other non
, process non-recyclable plastics, food wastes, and other
combustible materials. It is expected that an RDF system employed at Kotzebue will focus on wood
ardboard.Careful attention must be paid tin the sorting process to
avoid contaminants, such as plastic, painted or stained wood, or other materials that may foul an RDF boiler
or produced unwanted air emissions from combustion.
to pellets or briquettes after processing to further impro
. Densification and stabilization of RDF feedstock is discussed in more detail in
OF RDF FEEDSTOCK
avoid contamination of the cardboard-paper
to divert those products prior to entering the mass waste stream. Source
producers in the area.
and the Maniilaq Health Center
the school buildings, cafeterias, and maintenance buildings of the Northwest Arctic
Hotel, Rotman’s Store, and the various restaurants in town.
are the local air cargo firms that supply this regional trading hub
Alaska Airlines, Arctic Transportation Service, Lynden Air Cargo, Northern Air Cargo, and Village Aviation, Inc.
WetWeight
(Lbs/day)
1,665
1,656
1,255
1,095
766
579
427
246
246
246
-
721
8,900
3,500
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Composition
portion of MSW.RDF is processed to be a
, free of contaminants, dirt, glass, metals, and other non-combustible materials
recyclable plastics, food wastes, and other
combustible materials. It is expected that an RDF system employed at Kotzebue will focus on wood
Careful attention must be paid tin the sorting process to
avoid contaminants, such as plastic, painted or stained wood, or other materials that may foul an RDF boiler
to pellets or briquettes after processing to further impro
. Densification and stabilization of RDF feedstock is discussed in more detail in
paper-wood fraction of Kotzebue’s waste stream is
to divert those products prior to entering the mass waste stream. Source-separation systems are likely to be
in the area.The two primary producers are
Maniilaq Health Center. Secondary p
the school buildings, cafeterias, and maintenance buildings of the Northwest Arctic
Hotel, Rotman’s Store, and the various restaurants in town.
are the local air cargo firms that supply this regional trading hub
Air Cargo, Northern Air Cargo, and Village Aviation, Inc.
WetWeight Avg.Moisture
Content
1,665
1,656 70%
1,255
1,095
766
579 40%
427
246 10%
246
246 13%
60%
721
8,900
3,500
RDF is processed to be a
combustible materials
recyclable plastics, food wastes, and other
combustible materials. It is expected that an RDF system employed at Kotzebue will focus on wood
Careful attention must be paid tin the sorting process to
avoid contaminants, such as plastic, painted or stained wood, or other materials that may foul an RDF boiler
to pellets or briquettes after processing to further impro
. Densification and stabilization of RDF feedstock is discussed in more detail in
wood fraction of Kotzebue’s waste stream is
separation systems are likely to be
The two primary producers are
. Secondary point
the school buildings, cafeterias, and maintenance buildings of the Northwest Arctic
Hotel, Rotman’s Store, and the various restaurants in town.
are the local air cargo firms that supply this regional trading hub
Air Cargo, Northern Air Cargo, and Village Aviation, Inc.
Avg.Moisture
Content
DryWeight
(Lbs/day)
5%1,582
70%
6%1,179
4%1,047
2%
40%
3%
10%
0%
13%
60%
0%
7,200
3,100
December 2012
RDF is processed to be a consistent,
combustible materials. Large
recyclable plastics, food wastes, and other
combustible materials. It is expected that an RDF system employed at Kotzebue will focus on wood-
Careful attention must be paid tin the sorting process to
avoid contaminants, such as plastic, painted or stained wood, or other materials that may foul an RDF boiler
to pellets or briquettes after processing to further improve combustion
. Densification and stabilization of RDF feedstock is discussed in more detail in
wood fraction of Kotzebue’s waste stream is
separation systems are likely to be
The two primary producers are Alaska
int-source producers
the school buildings, cafeterias, and maintenance buildings of the Northwest Arctic
Hotel, Rotman’s Store, and the various restaurants in town.Another
are the local air cargo firms that supply this regional trading hub, which include
Air Cargo, Northern Air Cargo, and Village Aviation, Inc.
DryWeight
(Lbs/day)
DryWeight
(tons/yr)
1,582
497
1,179
1,047
752
347
417
222
246
216
-
721
7,200 1,310
3,100
December 2012
consistent,
. Large-scale
recyclable plastics, food wastes, and other
-based
Careful attention must be paid tin the sorting process to
avoid contaminants, such as plastic, painted or stained wood, or other materials that may foul an RDF boiler
ve combustion
. Densification and stabilization of RDF feedstock is discussed in more detail in
wood fraction of Kotzebue’s waste stream is
separation systems are likely to be
Alaska
producers
the school buildings, cafeterias, and maintenance buildings of the Northwest Arctic
nother
, which include
Air Cargo, Northern Air Cargo, and Village Aviation, Inc.
DryWeight
(tons/yr)
290
90
220
190
140
60
80
40
40
40
-
130
1,310
570
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
3-4
AC Value Center
cardboard waste of any single entity in Kotzebue
Cardboard is separated from the common waste stream and baled onsi
12 bales per week, at 100
tons per year.
cardboard
source
constitute a ready supply of
Figure
Maniilaq Health Center.
issue at the health Center; currently the s
volume of waste produced by the hospital. Figure
also clearly shows the large percentage of cardboard and paper materials in the waste stream.
A container for cardboard, paper, and wood only can be placed in another location and reduce the
congestion of waste at the Health Center. Specific volumes of
unknown
the tonnage produced by the AC.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
Value Center.
cardboard waste of any single entity in Kotzebue
Cardboard is separated from the common waste stream and baled onsi
bales per week, at 100
tons per year.Paper and wood (pallets, etc) can be separated by employees in the same bin that baled
cardboard is for pick
source-separated RDF
constitute a ready supply of
Figure 2-3:Photo of AC Cardboard Bales and Pallets
Maniilaq Health Center.
issue at the health Center; currently the s
volume of waste produced by the hospital. Figure
clearly shows the large percentage of cardboard and paper materials in the waste stream.
A container for cardboard, paper, and wood only can be placed in another location and reduce the
congestion of waste at the Health Center. Specific volumes of
unknown; it is expected that the cardboard volume, supplemented by significant paper waste, could rival
the tonnage produced by the AC.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
The Alaska Commercial Company Value Center produces the largest volume of
cardboard waste of any single entity in Kotzebue
Cardboard is separated from the common waste stream and baled onsi
bales per week, at 100-150 lbs
Paper and wood (pallets, etc) can be separated by employees in the same bin that baled
is for pick-up. Including paper and wood, the AC may produce as much as 100 tons per year of
separated RDF raw material.
constitute a ready supply of ideal RDF feedstock.
Photo of AC Cardboard Bales and Pallets
Maniilaq Health Center.The local Health Center is one of the larg
issue at the health Center; currently the s
volume of waste produced by the hospital. Figure
clearly shows the large percentage of cardboard and paper materials in the waste stream.
A container for cardboard, paper, and wood only can be placed in another location and reduce the
congestion of waste at the Health Center. Specific volumes of
; it is expected that the cardboard volume, supplemented by significant paper waste, could rival
the tonnage produced by the AC.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
The Alaska Commercial Company Value Center produces the largest volume of
cardboard waste of any single entity in Kotzebue
Cardboard is separated from the common waste stream and baled onsi
150 lbs per bale, the pre
Paper and wood (pallets, etc) can be separated by employees in the same bin that baled
up. Including paper and wood, the AC may produce as much as 100 tons per year of
material.Figure 2-3
ideal RDF feedstock.
Photo of AC Cardboard Bales and Pallets
The local Health Center is one of the larg
issue at the health Center; currently the space available for
volume of waste produced by the hospital. Figure
clearly shows the large percentage of cardboard and paper materials in the waste stream.
A container for cardboard, paper, and wood only can be placed in another location and reduce the
congestion of waste at the Health Center. Specific volumes of
; it is expected that the cardboard volume, supplemented by significant paper waste, could rival
the tonnage produced by the AC.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
The Alaska Commercial Company Value Center produces the largest volume of
cardboard waste of any single entity in Kotzebue, through the packaging of all of the products it sells
Cardboard is separated from the common waste stream and baled onsi
, the pre-sorted output of this facility is
Paper and wood (pallets, etc) can be separated by employees in the same bin that baled
up. Including paper and wood, the AC may produce as much as 100 tons per year of
3 below shows a pile o
ideal RDF feedstock.
Photo of AC Cardboard Bales and Pallets
The local Health Center is one of the larg
pace available for
volume of waste produced by the hospital. Figure 2-4 shows an overflowing roll
clearly shows the large percentage of cardboard and paper materials in the waste stream.
A container for cardboard, paper, and wood only can be placed in another location and reduce the
congestion of waste at the Health Center. Specific volumes of
; it is expected that the cardboard volume, supplemented by significant paper waste, could rival
The Alaska Commercial Company Value Center produces the largest volume of
, through the packaging of all of the products it sells
Cardboard is separated from the common waste stream and baled onsi
sorted output of this facility is
Paper and wood (pallets, etc) can be separated by employees in the same bin that baled
up. Including paper and wood, the AC may produce as much as 100 tons per year of
below shows a pile of pallets and baled cardboard,
The local Health Center is one of the largest institutions in Kotzebue
pace available for refuse containers is not sufficient for the
shows an overflowing roll
clearly shows the large percentage of cardboard and paper materials in the waste stream.
A container for cardboard, paper, and wood only can be placed in another location and reduce the
congestion of waste at the Health Center. Specific volumes of RDF pro
; it is expected that the cardboard volume, supplemented by significant paper waste, could rival
The Alaska Commercial Company Value Center produces the largest volume of
, through the packaging of all of the products it sells
Cardboard is separated from the common waste stream and baled onsite. The AC produces between 9
sorted output of this facility is estimated
Paper and wood (pallets, etc) can be separated by employees in the same bin that baled
up. Including paper and wood, the AC may produce as much as 100 tons per year of
f pallets and baled cardboard,
est institutions in Kotzebue
refuse containers is not sufficient for the
shows an overflowing roll-off at the hospital, and
clearly shows the large percentage of cardboard and paper materials in the waste stream.
A container for cardboard, paper, and wood only can be placed in another location and reduce the
produced by the Health Center are
; it is expected that the cardboard volume, supplemented by significant paper waste, could rival
December 2012
The Alaska Commercial Company Value Center produces the largest volume of
, through the packaging of all of the products it sells
te. The AC produces between 9
estimated at 25
Paper and wood (pallets, etc) can be separated by employees in the same bin that baled
up. Including paper and wood, the AC may produce as much as 100 tons per year of
f pallets and baled cardboard,
est institutions in Kotzebue. Waste is an
refuse containers is not sufficient for the
off at the hospital, and
clearly shows the large percentage of cardboard and paper materials in the waste stream.
A container for cardboard, paper, and wood only can be placed in another location and reduce the
duced by the Health Center are
; it is expected that the cardboard volume, supplemented by significant paper waste, could rival
December 2012
The Alaska Commercial Company Value Center produces the largest volume of
, through the packaging of all of the products it sells.
te. The AC produces between 9-
at 25 to 50
Paper and wood (pallets, etc) can be separated by employees in the same bin that baled
up. Including paper and wood, the AC may produce as much as 100 tons per year of
f pallets and baled cardboard,which
. Waste is an
refuse containers is not sufficient for the
off at the hospital, and
A container for cardboard, paper, and wood only can be placed in another location and reduce the
duced by the Health Center are
; it is expected that the cardboard volume, supplemented by significant paper waste, could rival
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
3-5
Figure
Assuming all commercial enterprises in Kotzebue were incorporated into a source
there is the potential to capture 250 tons/year of ready RDF feedstock.
AC has the potential to provide up to 100 tons per
potentially add an equal volume of cardboard and paper product. Source
may provide 5
2.2.2 INCENTIVIZING SOU
An incentive program will be
sorting system.
operational procedure for cu
reduced fees for companies participating in the program, or increased f
A model program that this can be based on is Sitka, a town roughly twice the siz
similar opportunity to reduce landfilled waste.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
Figure 2-4:Photo of Maniilaq
Assuming all commercial enterprises in Kotzebue were incorporated into a source
there is the potential to capture 250 tons/year of ready RDF feedstock.
AC has the potential to provide up to 100 tons per
potentially add an equal volume of cardboard and paper product. Source
may provide 5-10 tons/year each, or 30
INCENTIVIZING SOU
incentive program will be
sorting system.This will li
operational procedure for cu
reduced fees for companies participating in the program, or increased f
A model program that this can be based on is Sitka, a town roughly twice the siz
similar opportunity to reduce landfilled waste.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
Photo of Maniilaq
Assuming all commercial enterprises in Kotzebue were incorporated into a source
there is the potential to capture 250 tons/year of ready RDF feedstock.
AC has the potential to provide up to 100 tons per
potentially add an equal volume of cardboard and paper product. Source
10 tons/year each, or 30
INCENTIVIZING SOURCE SEPARATION
incentive program will be greatly improve the chances of success, at least
This will likely be required for several years,
operational procedure for customers. Incentives can be applied through the rate system, whether it is
reduced fees for companies participating in the program, or increased f
A model program that this can be based on is Sitka, a town roughly twice the siz
similar opportunity to reduce landfilled waste.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Photo of Maniilaq Health Center
Assuming all commercial enterprises in Kotzebue were incorporated into a source
there is the potential to capture 250 tons/year of ready RDF feedstock.
AC has the potential to provide up to 100 tons per
potentially add an equal volume of cardboard and paper product. Source
10 tons/year each, or 30-50 tons/yr aggregate to supplement.
RCE SEPARATION
greatly improve the chances of success, at least
y be required for several years,
stomers. Incentives can be applied through the rate system, whether it is
reduced fees for companies participating in the program, or increased f
A model program that this can be based on is Sitka, a town roughly twice the siz
similar opportunity to reduce landfilled waste.Sitka’s voluntary recycling program diverts over 1.4 million
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Health Center Waste Stream
Assuming all commercial enterprises in Kotzebue were incorporated into a source
there is the potential to capture 250 tons/year of ready RDF feedstock.
AC has the potential to provide up to 100 tons per year of primarily cardboard and pallets, and Maniilaq can
potentially add an equal volume of cardboard and paper product. Source
50 tons/yr aggregate to supplement.
greatly improve the chances of success, at least
y be required for several years,
stomers. Incentives can be applied through the rate system, whether it is
reduced fees for companies participating in the program, or increased f
A model program that this can be based on is Sitka, a town roughly twice the siz
Sitka’s voluntary recycling program diverts over 1.4 million
Waste Stream
Assuming all commercial enterprises in Kotzebue were incorporated into a source
there is the potential to capture 250 tons/year of ready RDF feedstock.
year of primarily cardboard and pallets, and Maniilaq can
potentially add an equal volume of cardboard and paper product. Source-separation at other installations
50 tons/yr aggregate to supplement.
greatly improve the chances of success, at least
y be required for several years,and then the system will become standard
stomers. Incentives can be applied through the rate system, whether it is
reduced fees for companies participating in the program, or increased fees for other waste materials.
A model program that this can be based on is Sitka, a town roughly twice the siz
Sitka’s voluntary recycling program diverts over 1.4 million
Assuming all commercial enterprises in Kotzebue were incorporated into a source-separation project,
year of primarily cardboard and pallets, and Maniilaq can
separation at other installations
greatly improve the chances of success, at least initially,
the system will become standard
stomers. Incentives can be applied through the rate system, whether it is
ees for other waste materials.
A model program that this can be based on is Sitka, a town roughly twice the size of Kotzebue but with a
Sitka’s voluntary recycling program diverts over 1.4 million
December 2012
separation project,
year of primarily cardboard and pallets, and Maniilaq can
separation at other installations
of Kotzebue’s
the system will become standard
stomers. Incentives can be applied through the rate system, whether it is
ees for other waste materials.
e of Kotzebue but with a
Sitka’s voluntary recycling program diverts over 1.4 million
December 2012
separation project,
year of primarily cardboard and pallets, and Maniilaq can
separation at other installations
of Kotzebue’s RDF
the system will become standard
stomers. Incentives can be applied through the rate system, whether it is
e of Kotzebue but with a
Sitka’s voluntary recycling program diverts over 1.4 million
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
3-6
pounds of material from landfills each year.
month in 201
center6.Adjusted for Kotzebue’s size, t
the waste stream
This program can also be implemente
materials from the local landfill.
effective materials to recycle, can be removed from the waste stream either in
separation program, or as post
The City of Kotzebue recently implemented a can waste collection system for its residents. The program has
already met with success, and is a good sign for the implementation of a
program in the city.
2.2.3 POST
RDF feedstocks not separated at the source need to be removed from the waste stream at t
point.This would
recovery facility (MRF).
recycling efforts.
Figure
Source:
5 http://www.sitka.net/sitka/utilities.html
6 http://www.ci
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
pounds of material from landfills each year.
month in 2011 over 50 tons of cardboard, newspaper, and mixed paper were brought to the city recycling
Adjusted for Kotzebue’s size, t
the waste stream.
This program can also be implemente
materials from the local landfill.
effective materials to recycle, can be removed from the waste stream either in
separation program, or as post
The City of Kotzebue recently implemented a can waste collection system for its residents. The program has
already met with success, and is a good sign for the implementation of a
program in the city.
POST-CONSUMER MATERIALS R
RDF feedstocks not separated at the source need to be removed from the waste stream at t
This would likely occur at the Bailer
recovery facility (MRF).
recycling efforts.Figure
ure 2-5:Schematic of Materials Recovery Facility
Source:Based on "Energie en grondstoffen in de toekomst" by Robbin Kerrod
http://www.sitka.net/sitka/utilities.html
http://www.cityofsitka.com/government/departments/publicworks/RecycleSitka.html
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
pounds of material from landfills each year.
over 50 tons of cardboard, newspaper, and mixed paper were brought to the city recycling
Adjusted for Kotzebue’s size, t
This program can also be implemente
materials from the local landfill.Aluminum and tin, which are easy to separate and are the most cost
effective materials to recycle, can be removed from the waste stream either in
separation program, or as post-consumer sorting.
The City of Kotzebue recently implemented a can waste collection system for its residents. The program has
already met with success, and is a good sign for the implementation of a
CONSUMER MATERIALS R
RDF feedstocks not separated at the source need to be removed from the waste stream at t
likely occur at the Bailer
recovery facility (MRF).MRF’s are common only in large cities, where waste volumes warrant large
Figure 2-5 is a stylized
Schematic of Materials Recovery Facility
"Energie en grondstoffen in de toekomst" by Robbin Kerrod
http://www.sitka.net/sitka/utilities.html
tyofsitka.com/government/departments/publicworks/RecycleSitka.html
FEASIBILITY STUDY
pounds of material from landfills each year.According to the city recycling website,
over 50 tons of cardboard, newspaper, and mixed paper were brought to the city recycling
Adjusted for Kotzebue’s size, that is equivalent
This program can also be implemented along with a recycling program in Kotzebue to divert additional
Aluminum and tin, which are easy to separate and are the most cost
effective materials to recycle, can be removed from the waste stream either in
consumer sorting.
The City of Kotzebue recently implemented a can waste collection system for its residents. The program has
already met with success, and is a good sign for the implementation of a
CONSUMER MATERIALS RECOVERY
RDF feedstocks not separated at the source need to be removed from the waste stream at t
likely occur at the Bailer building
MRF’s are common only in large cities, where waste volumes warrant large
stylized schematic of a mechanized RDF system in operation.
Schematic of Materials Recovery Facility
"Energie en grondstoffen in de toekomst" by Robbin Kerrod
tyofsitka.com/government/departments/publicworks/RecycleSitka.html
FEASIBILITY STUDY
According to the city recycling website,
over 50 tons of cardboard, newspaper, and mixed paper were brought to the city recycling
hat is equivalent to over 300 tons per year of feedstock diverted from
d along with a recycling program in Kotzebue to divert additional
Aluminum and tin, which are easy to separate and are the most cost
effective materials to recycle, can be removed from the waste stream either in
The City of Kotzebue recently implemented a can waste collection system for its residents. The program has
already met with success, and is a good sign for the implementation of a
ECOVERY
RDF feedstocks not separated at the source need to be removed from the waste stream at t
uilding. Post-consumer
MRF’s are common only in large cities, where waste volumes warrant large
schematic of a mechanized RDF system in operation.
Schematic of Materials Recovery Facility
"Energie en grondstoffen in de toekomst" by Robbin Kerrod
tyofsitka.com/government/departments/publicworks/RecycleSitka.html
According to the city recycling website,
over 50 tons of cardboard, newspaper, and mixed paper were brought to the city recycling
over 300 tons per year of feedstock diverted from
d along with a recycling program in Kotzebue to divert additional
Aluminum and tin, which are easy to separate and are the most cost
effective materials to recycle, can be removed from the waste stream either in
The City of Kotzebue recently implemented a can waste collection system for its residents. The program has
already met with success, and is a good sign for the implementation of a source
RDF feedstocks not separated at the source need to be removed from the waste stream at t
consumer refuse
MRF’s are common only in large cities, where waste volumes warrant large
schematic of a mechanized RDF system in operation.
"Energie en grondstoffen in de toekomst" by Robbin Kerrod
tyofsitka.com/government/departments/publicworks/RecycleSitka.html
According to the city recycling website,RecycleSITKA
over 50 tons of cardboard, newspaper, and mixed paper were brought to the city recycling
over 300 tons per year of feedstock diverted from
d along with a recycling program in Kotzebue to divert additional
Aluminum and tin, which are easy to separate and are the most cost
effective materials to recycle, can be removed from the waste stream either in conjunction with a source
The City of Kotzebue recently implemented a can waste collection system for its residents. The program has
source-separation and/or recycling
RDF feedstocks not separated at the source need to be removed from the waste stream at t
refuse separation occurs
MRF’s are common only in large cities, where waste volumes warrant large
schematic of a mechanized RDF system in operation.
December 2012
RecycleSITKA5,in one
over 50 tons of cardboard, newspaper, and mixed paper were brought to the city recycling
over 300 tons per year of feedstock diverted from
d along with a recycling program in Kotzebue to divert additional
Aluminum and tin, which are easy to separate and are the most cost
conjunction with a source
The City of Kotzebue recently implemented a can waste collection system for its residents. The program has
separation and/or recycling
RDF feedstocks not separated at the source need to be removed from the waste stream at the waste transfer
occurs in a materials
MRF’s are common only in large cities, where waste volumes warrant large
schematic of a mechanized RDF system in operation.
December 2012
in one
over 50 tons of cardboard, newspaper, and mixed paper were brought to the city recycling
over 300 tons per year of feedstock diverted from
d along with a recycling program in Kotzebue to divert additional
Aluminum and tin, which are easy to separate and are the most cost-
conjunction with a source-
The City of Kotzebue recently implemented a can waste collection system for its residents. The program has
separation and/or recycling
he waste transfer
in a materials
MRF’s are common only in large cities, where waste volumes warrant large-scale
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
3-7
The majority of
employees separating various contaminants and recyclable materials from the waste stream.
relatively
Manual processing into
the Bailer building, with the discard m
2.2.4 RDF SUMMARY
A RDF-based biomass energy system in
desired cardboard
avoidance of contaminants in the RDF stream.
which leads to a certain
cardboard, paper and wood from the waste stream
capture rate is increased to 60%, that number jumps to
well-organized source
An RDF sorting system can also be combi
(tin, aluminum) and potentially glass form the Kotzebue waste s
acquisition of RDF material, combined with recycling of aluminum and tin, can equal a reduction of almost
30% of material going into Kotzebue’s landfill.
the landfill is nearly halved.
2.3 MSW ENERGY CONTENT
Energy content of the materials in Kotzebue’s waste stream was calculated based on generally
vales for the materials’ Btu content. A study of tested values for sorted MSW material Energy con
conducted by UCF
7 Reinhart, Debora.
http://www.msw.cecs.ucf.edu/Thermochemical%20Conversion.ppt
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
he majority of MRF’s, even in large
employees separating various contaminants and recyclable materials from the waste stream.
relatively small volumes of material being processed, a mechanized system does not make financial sense.
Manual processing into
the Bailer building, with the discard m
RDF SUMMARY
based biomass energy system in
desired cardboard-paper
avoidance of contaminants in the RDF stream.
which leads to a certain
cardboard, paper and wood from the waste stream
capture rate is increased to 60%, that number jumps to
organized source-separation system in place.
An RDF sorting system can also be combi
(tin, aluminum) and potentially glass form the Kotzebue waste s
acquisition of RDF material, combined with recycling of aluminum and tin, can equal a reduction of almost
30% of material going into Kotzebue’s landfill.
the landfill is nearly halved.
MSW ENERGY CONTENT
Energy content of the materials in Kotzebue’s waste stream was calculated based on generally
vales for the materials’ Btu content. A study of tested values for sorted MSW material Energy con
conducted by UCF7 was used as the basis of the analysis.
Reinhart, Debora.
http://www.msw.cecs.ucf.edu/Thermochemical%20Conversion.ppt
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
, even in large
employees separating various contaminants and recyclable materials from the waste stream.
small volumes of material being processed, a mechanized system does not make financial sense.
Manual processing into large rolling bins is the likely mode of RDF separation. It is assumed this will occur in
the Bailer building, with the discard m
RDF SUMMARY
based biomass energy system in
paper-wood fraction
avoidance of contaminants in the RDF stream.
which leads to a certain amount passing unnoticed
cardboard, paper and wood from the waste stream
capture rate is increased to 60%, that number jumps to
separation system in place.
An RDF sorting system can also be combi
(tin, aluminum) and potentially glass form the Kotzebue waste s
acquisition of RDF material, combined with recycling of aluminum and tin, can equal a reduction of almost
30% of material going into Kotzebue’s landfill.
the landfill is nearly halved.
MSW ENERGY CONTENT
Energy content of the materials in Kotzebue’s waste stream was calculated based on generally
vales for the materials’ Btu content. A study of tested values for sorted MSW material Energy con
was used as the basis of the analysis.
Reinhart, Debora.Estimation of Energy Content in MSW
http://www.msw.cecs.ucf.edu/Thermochemical%20Conversion.ppt
FEASIBILITY STUDY
, even in large metropolitan areas
employees separating various contaminants and recyclable materials from the waste stream.
small volumes of material being processed, a mechanized system does not make financial sense.
large rolling bins is the likely mode of RDF separation. It is assumed this will occur in
the Bailer building, with the discard material continuing to be baled.
based biomass energy system in Kotzebue
wood fraction, due to the difficulties inherent with
avoidance of contaminants in the RDF stream.Rather than sorting the contaminants out of the
amount passing unnoticed
cardboard, paper and wood from the waste stream
capture rate is increased to 60%, that number jumps to
separation system in place.
An RDF sorting system can also be combined with a recycling effort in the city, separating recyclable metals
(tin, aluminum) and potentially glass form the Kotzebue waste s
acquisition of RDF material, combined with recycling of aluminum and tin, can equal a reduction of almost
30% of material going into Kotzebue’s landfill.If all combustible materials are captured, the amount goi
Energy content of the materials in Kotzebue’s waste stream was calculated based on generally
vales for the materials’ Btu content. A study of tested values for sorted MSW material Energy con
was used as the basis of the analysis.
Estimation of Energy Content in MSW
http://www.msw.cecs.ucf.edu/Thermochemical%20Conversion.ppt
FEASIBILITY STUDY
metropolitan areas, are mostly or entirely
employees separating various contaminants and recyclable materials from the waste stream.
small volumes of material being processed, a mechanized system does not make financial sense.
large rolling bins is the likely mode of RDF separation. It is assumed this will occur in
aterial continuing to be baled.
Kotzebue is conservatively assumed to
the difficulties inherent with
Rather than sorting the contaminants out of the
amount passing unnoticed into the energy plant
cardboard, paper and wood from the waste stream.Total capture is 320 tons per year of material. If the
capture rate is increased to 60%, that number jumps to over
with a recycling effort in the city, separating recyclable metals
(tin, aluminum) and potentially glass form the Kotzebue waste s
acquisition of RDF material, combined with recycling of aluminum and tin, can equal a reduction of almost
If all combustible materials are captured, the amount goi
Energy content of the materials in Kotzebue’s waste stream was calculated based on generally
vales for the materials’ Btu content. A study of tested values for sorted MSW material Energy con
was used as the basis of the analysis.
Estimation of Energy Content in MSW
http://www.msw.cecs.ucf.edu/Thermochemical%20Conversion.ppt
, are mostly or entirely
employees separating various contaminants and recyclable materials from the waste stream.
small volumes of material being processed, a mechanized system does not make financial sense.
large rolling bins is the likely mode of RDF separation. It is assumed this will occur in
aterial continuing to be baled.
conservatively assumed to
the difficulties inherent with
Rather than sorting the contaminants out of the
into the energy plant, this methodology will separate
Total capture is 320 tons per year of material. If the
over 380 tons per year, a
with a recycling effort in the city, separating recyclable metals
(tin, aluminum) and potentially glass form the Kotzebue waste stream.Even assuming a capture rate of 50%
acquisition of RDF material, combined with recycling of aluminum and tin, can equal a reduction of almost
If all combustible materials are captured, the amount goi
Energy content of the materials in Kotzebue’s waste stream was calculated based on generally
vales for the materials’ Btu content. A study of tested values for sorted MSW material Energy con
Estimation of Energy Content in MSW. University of Central Florida. 2004.
, are mostly or entirely operated manually, with
employees separating various contaminants and recyclable materials from the waste stream.
small volumes of material being processed, a mechanized system does not make financial sense.
large rolling bins is the likely mode of RDF separation. It is assumed this will occur in
conservatively assumed to achieve 50% recovery of the
the difficulties inherent with hand-sorting and emphasis on
Rather than sorting the contaminants out of the
, this methodology will separate
Total capture is 320 tons per year of material. If the
r year, an achievable rate with a
with a recycling effort in the city, separating recyclable metals
Even assuming a capture rate of 50%
acquisition of RDF material, combined with recycling of aluminum and tin, can equal a reduction of almost
If all combustible materials are captured, the amount goi
Energy content of the materials in Kotzebue’s waste stream was calculated based on generally
vales for the materials’ Btu content. A study of tested values for sorted MSW material Energy con
. University of Central Florida. 2004.
December 2012
operated manually, with
employees separating various contaminants and recyclable materials from the waste stream.Due to the
small volumes of material being processed, a mechanized system does not make financial sense.
large rolling bins is the likely mode of RDF separation. It is assumed this will occur in
50% recovery of the
sorting and emphasis on
Rather than sorting the contaminants out of the RDF stream,
, this methodology will separate
Total capture is 320 tons per year of material. If the
achievable rate with a
with a recycling effort in the city, separating recyclable metals
Even assuming a capture rate of 50%
acquisition of RDF material, combined with recycling of aluminum and tin, can equal a reduction of almost
If all combustible materials are captured, the amount goi
Energy content of the materials in Kotzebue’s waste stream was calculated based on generally-accepted
vales for the materials’ Btu content. A study of tested values for sorted MSW material Energy con
. University of Central Florida. 2004.
December 2012
operated manually, with
Due to the
small volumes of material being processed, a mechanized system does not make financial sense.
large rolling bins is the likely mode of RDF separation. It is assumed this will occur in
50% recovery of the
sorting and emphasis on
stream,
, this methodology will separate
Total capture is 320 tons per year of material. If the
achievable rate with a
with a recycling effort in the city, separating recyclable metals
Even assuming a capture rate of 50%
acquisition of RDF material, combined with recycling of aluminum and tin, can equal a reduction of almost
If all combustible materials are captured, the amount going to
accepted
vales for the materials’ Btu content. A study of tested values for sorted MSW material Energy contents,
. University of Central Florida. 2004.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
3-8
Table
Source: University of Central Florida, Tetra Tech analysis
The theoretical limit energy content available from Kotzebue’s waste stream is 11,921 MM Btu per year.
paper, wood and cardboard (RDF) fraction of waste, if 100% captured and utilized, contained a maximum of
8,154 MM Btu per year.
Tetra Tech recommen
determine actual energetic value of the material, as well as contaminants and other values.
sample product can also help to indicate expected product capture rat
feedstock source should be combined with test
characteristics, emission profile, and required equipment for combustion (pre
2.4 CONSTRUCTION AND DEM
2.4.1 PRIMARY SOURCED
Pallets are a likely
collected by
source the pallets not collected for this purpose.
pallets for shipping instead of plastic pallets.
Constructi
waste derived from byproducts of the construction industry, such as
planks, and materials removed from buildings during remodeling or demolitions.
non-contamin
stains, preservatives, etc. or wood with plaster or other construction materials imbedded or stuck to the
Material
Cardboard
FoodWaste
Paper
Plastics
Metal
Wood
Glass
Textiles
Rubber
Leather
GardenTrimmings
Other
Total
Paper, Cardboard& WoodFraction
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
Table 2-2: Kotzebue Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Energy Content
Source: University of Central Florida, Tetra Tech analysis
The theoretical limit energy content available from Kotzebue’s waste stream is 11,921 MM Btu per year.
paper, wood and cardboard (RDF) fraction of waste, if 100% captured and utilized, contained a maximum of
8,154 MM Btu per year.
Tetra Tech recommen
determine actual energetic value of the material, as well as contaminants and other values.
sample product can also help to indicate expected product capture rat
feedstock source should be combined with test
characteristics, emission profile, and required equipment for combustion (pre
CONSTRUCTION AND DEM
PRIMARY SOURCED
Pallets are a likely additional resource an RDF boiler system.
collected by city residents
source the pallets not collected for this purpose.
pallets for shipping instead of plastic pallets.
Construction and demolition wastes
waste derived from byproducts of the construction industry, such as
planks, and materials removed from buildings during remodeling or demolitions.
contaminated wood products, and does not include wood with coatings or treatments, such as paints or
stains, preservatives, etc. or wood with plaster or other construction materials imbedded or stuck to the
Material
Cardboard
FoodWaste
Paper
Plastics
Metal
Wood
Textiles
Rubber
Leather
GardenTrimmings
Other
Paper, Cardboard& WoodFraction
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
: Kotzebue Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Energy Content
Source: University of Central Florida, Tetra Tech analysis
The theoretical limit energy content available from Kotzebue’s waste stream is 11,921 MM Btu per year.
paper, wood and cardboard (RDF) fraction of waste, if 100% captured and utilized, contained a maximum of
8,154 MM Btu per year.
Tetra Tech recommends laboratory analysis of representative samples of the combustible material to
determine actual energetic value of the material, as well as contaminants and other values.
sample product can also help to indicate expected product capture rat
feedstock source should be combined with test
characteristics, emission profile, and required equipment for combustion (pre
CONSTRUCTION AND DEM
PRIMARY SOURCED
additional resource an RDF boiler system.
city residents to be burned in home fireplaces
source the pallets not collected for this purpose.
pallets for shipping instead of plastic pallets.
on and demolition wastes are also considered
waste derived from byproducts of the construction industry, such as
planks, and materials removed from buildings during remodeling or demolitions.
ated wood products, and does not include wood with coatings or treatments, such as paints or
stains, preservatives, etc. or wood with plaster or other construction materials imbedded or stuck to the
Paper, Cardboard& WoodFraction
FEASIBILITY STUDY
: Kotzebue Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Energy Content
Source: University of Central Florida, Tetra Tech analysis
The theoretical limit energy content available from Kotzebue’s waste stream is 11,921 MM Btu per year.
paper, wood and cardboard (RDF) fraction of waste, if 100% captured and utilized, contained a maximum of
ds laboratory analysis of representative samples of the combustible material to
determine actual energetic value of the material, as well as contaminants and other values.
sample product can also help to indicate expected product capture rat
feedstock source should be combined with test-burns in the selected conversion technology to solidify burn
characteristics, emission profile, and required equipment for combustion (pre
CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE (C&D)
additional resource an RDF boiler system.
to be burned in home fireplaces
source the pallets not collected for this purpose.
pallets for shipping instead of plastic pallets.
are also considered
waste derived from byproducts of the construction industry, such as
planks, and materials removed from buildings during remodeling or demolitions.
ated wood products, and does not include wood with coatings or treatments, such as paints or
stains, preservatives, etc. or wood with plaster or other construction materials imbedded or stuck to the
HeatValue
(Btu/lbdryweight)
Paper, Cardboard& WoodFraction
FEASIBILITY STUDY
: Kotzebue Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Energy Content
Source: University of Central Florida, Tetra Tech analysis
The theoretical limit energy content available from Kotzebue’s waste stream is 11,921 MM Btu per year.
paper, wood and cardboard (RDF) fraction of waste, if 100% captured and utilized, contained a maximum of
ds laboratory analysis of representative samples of the combustible material to
determine actual energetic value of the material, as well as contaminants and other values.
sample product can also help to indicate expected product capture rat
burns in the selected conversion technology to solidify burn
characteristics, emission profile, and required equipment for combustion (pre
OLITION WASTE (C&D)
additional resource an RDF boiler system.A portion of the used pallet supply in Kotzebue is
to be burned in home fireplaces.It is expected that the
source the pallets not collected for this purpose.The total supply can be increased by requesting wood
are also considered as additional
waste derived from byproducts of the construction industry, such as
planks, and materials removed from buildings during remodeling or demolitions.
ated wood products, and does not include wood with coatings or treatments, such as paints or
stains, preservatives, etc. or wood with plaster or other construction materials imbedded or stuck to the
HeatValue
(Btu/lbdryweight)
HeatValue
(Btu/day)
7,000 11,072,705
2,000
7,200
14,000 14,658,230
-
8,000
-
7,500
10,000
7,500
2,800
-
32,661,000
22,339,000
: Kotzebue Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Energy Content
The theoretical limit energy content available from Kotzebue’s waste stream is 11,921 MM Btu per year.
paper, wood and cardboard (RDF) fraction of waste, if 100% captured and utilized, contained a maximum of
ds laboratory analysis of representative samples of the combustible material to
determine actual energetic value of the material, as well as contaminants and other values.
sample product can also help to indicate expected product capture rate. Laboratory characterization of the
burns in the selected conversion technology to solidify burn
characteristics, emission profile, and required equipment for combustion (pre
OLITION WASTE (C&D)
A portion of the used pallet supply in Kotzebue is
It is expected that the
The total supply can be increased by requesting wood
as additional feedsto
waste derived from byproducts of the construction industry, such as warped
planks, and materials removed from buildings during remodeling or demolitions.
ated wood products, and does not include wood with coatings or treatments, such as paints or
stains, preservatives, etc. or wood with plaster or other construction materials imbedded or stuck to the
HeatValue
(Btu/day)(MMBtu/year)
11,072,705
993,699
8,488,045
14,658,230
-
2,778,082
-
1,662,842
2,463,470
1,616,652
-
-
32,661,000
22,339,000
The theoretical limit energy content available from Kotzebue’s waste stream is 11,921 MM Btu per year.
paper, wood and cardboard (RDF) fraction of waste, if 100% captured and utilized, contained a maximum of
ds laboratory analysis of representative samples of the combustible material to
determine actual energetic value of the material, as well as contaminants and other values.
e. Laboratory characterization of the
burns in the selected conversion technology to solidify burn
characteristics, emission profile, and required equipment for combustion (pre-processing, ash handling, etc).
A portion of the used pallet supply in Kotzebue is
It is expected that the biomass energy plant will
The total supply can be increased by requesting wood
feedstock.This category involves wood
warped or otherwise unusable wood
planks, and materials removed from buildings during remodeling or demolitions.This category only refers to
ated wood products, and does not include wood with coatings or treatments, such as paints or
stains, preservatives, etc. or wood with plaster or other construction materials imbedded or stuck to the
HeatValue
(MMBtu/year)
4,041.5
362.7
3,098.1
5,350.3
-
1,014.0
-
606.9
899.2
590.1
-
-
11,921
8,154
December 2012
The theoretical limit energy content available from Kotzebue’s waste stream is 11,921 MM Btu per year.
paper, wood and cardboard (RDF) fraction of waste, if 100% captured and utilized, contained a maximum of
ds laboratory analysis of representative samples of the combustible material to
determine actual energetic value of the material, as well as contaminants and other values.Collection of
e. Laboratory characterization of the
burns in the selected conversion technology to solidify burn
processing, ash handling, etc).
A portion of the used pallet supply in Kotzebue is
biomass energy plant will
The total supply can be increased by requesting wood
This category involves wood
or otherwise unusable wood
This category only refers to
ated wood products, and does not include wood with coatings or treatments, such as paints or
stains, preservatives, etc. or wood with plaster or other construction materials imbedded or stuck to the
December 2012
The theoretical limit energy content available from Kotzebue’s waste stream is 11,921 MM Btu per year.The
paper, wood and cardboard (RDF) fraction of waste, if 100% captured and utilized, contained a maximum of
ds laboratory analysis of representative samples of the combustible material to
Collection of
e. Laboratory characterization of the
burns in the selected conversion technology to solidify burn
processing, ash handling, etc).
A portion of the used pallet supply in Kotzebue is
biomass energy plant will
The total supply can be increased by requesting wood
This category involves wood
or otherwise unusable wood
This category only refers to
ated wood products, and does not include wood with coatings or treatments, such as paints or
stains, preservatives, etc. or wood with plaster or other construction materials imbedded or stuck to the
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
3-9
wood.Nails, staples, and other inert metals are safe fo
removed with the bottom ash at the end of the combustion cycle.
2.4.2 LANDFILL ‘MINING’
It is expected that landfill mining will be limited to choice picking of uncontaminated wood and cardboard
from the city landfil
loss; it does not produce an equivalent amount of energy as that required for the harvesting process.
practice may also conflict with several state waste co
2.5 ALTERNATIVE
The project scope also called for evaluation of alternative feedstock sources.
alternative feedstock source for the proposed biomass energy system; wood pellets / briquettes i
into Kotzebue from elsewhere in Alaska or from abroad.
wood harvests or mill operations are a rapidly growing heating fuel source, with over 14 million tons
produced worldwide as of 2010.
been found to carry significant life
Superior Pellet Fuels of Fairbanks is the only Alaskan producer of volume, but Canada and the lower 48 are
producing significant volumes available for export to Kotzebue.
delivered ton.
Pellets as a supplementary
high cardboard
purchased pellets can be used to increase the output of a system limited
better matching the demand needs of the end user of the produced energy.
difference between pellets and briquettes
Pellets are also
would cost
only $21.50, less than half the price of heating fuel.
briquettes, in addition to the environmental benefits of the biomass fuel.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
Nails, staples, and other inert metals are safe fo
removed with the bottom ash at the end of the combustion cycle.
LANDFILL ‘MINING’
It is expected that landfill mining will be limited to choice picking of uncontaminated wood and cardboard
from the city landfill.Transport of entire bales for deconstruction and harvesting of ‘feedstock’ is likely a net
loss; it does not produce an equivalent amount of energy as that required for the harvesting process.
practice may also conflict with several state waste co
ALTERNATIVE
The project scope also called for evaluation of alternative feedstock sources.
alternative feedstock source for the proposed biomass energy system; wood pellets / briquettes i
into Kotzebue from elsewhere in Alaska or from abroad.
wood harvests or mill operations are a rapidly growing heating fuel source, with over 14 million tons
produced worldwide as of 2010.
been found to carry significant life
Superior Pellet Fuels of Fairbanks is the only Alaskan producer of volume, but Canada and the lower 48 are
producing significant volumes available for export to Kotzebue.
delivered ton.
Pellets as a supplementary
high cardboard-content material improves combustion characteristics
purchased pellets can be used to increase the output of a system limited
better matching the demand needs of the end user of the produced energy.
difference between pellets and briquettes
Pellets are also much more cost
would cost $45.00 for 1 MM Btu of heating value.
only $21.50, less than half the price of heating fuel.
briquettes, in addition to the environmental benefits of the biomass fuel.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
Nails, staples, and other inert metals are safe fo
removed with the bottom ash at the end of the combustion cycle.
LANDFILL ‘MINING’
It is expected that landfill mining will be limited to choice picking of uncontaminated wood and cardboard
Transport of entire bales for deconstruction and harvesting of ‘feedstock’ is likely a net
loss; it does not produce an equivalent amount of energy as that required for the harvesting process.
practice may also conflict with several state waste co
FEEDSTOCK SOURCES
The project scope also called for evaluation of alternative feedstock sources.
alternative feedstock source for the proposed biomass energy system; wood pellets / briquettes i
into Kotzebue from elsewhere in Alaska or from abroad.
wood harvests or mill operations are a rapidly growing heating fuel source, with over 14 million tons
produced worldwide as of 2010.If prod
been found to carry significant life-cycle emissions and other environmental benefits to fossil fuel use.
Superior Pellet Fuels of Fairbanks is the only Alaskan producer of volume, but Canada and the lower 48 are
producing significant volumes available for export to Kotzebue.
Pellets as a supplementary fuel carry several benefits.
content material improves combustion characteristics
purchased pellets can be used to increase the output of a system limited
better matching the demand needs of the end user of the produced energy.
difference between pellets and briquettes
more cost-effective than heating fuel.
for 1 MM Btu of heating value.
only $21.50, less than half the price of heating fuel.
briquettes, in addition to the environmental benefits of the biomass fuel.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Nails, staples, and other inert metals are safe fo
removed with the bottom ash at the end of the combustion cycle.
It is expected that landfill mining will be limited to choice picking of uncontaminated wood and cardboard
Transport of entire bales for deconstruction and harvesting of ‘feedstock’ is likely a net
loss; it does not produce an equivalent amount of energy as that required for the harvesting process.
practice may also conflict with several state waste co
FEEDSTOCK SOURCES
The project scope also called for evaluation of alternative feedstock sources.
alternative feedstock source for the proposed biomass energy system; wood pellets / briquettes i
into Kotzebue from elsewhere in Alaska or from abroad.
wood harvests or mill operations are a rapidly growing heating fuel source, with over 14 million tons
If produced from timber industry byproducts, pellets and briquettes have
cycle emissions and other environmental benefits to fossil fuel use.
Superior Pellet Fuels of Fairbanks is the only Alaskan producer of volume, but Canada and the lower 48 are
producing significant volumes available for export to Kotzebue.
fuel carry several benefits.
content material improves combustion characteristics
purchased pellets can be used to increase the output of a system limited
better matching the demand needs of the end user of the produced energy.
difference between pellets and briquettes;either would be satisfactory additions to an RDF boiler.
effective than heating fuel.
for 1 MM Btu of heating value.
only $21.50, less than half the price of heating fuel.
briquettes, in addition to the environmental benefits of the biomass fuel.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Nails, staples, and other inert metals are safe for use i
removed with the bottom ash at the end of the combustion cycle.
It is expected that landfill mining will be limited to choice picking of uncontaminated wood and cardboard
Transport of entire bales for deconstruction and harvesting of ‘feedstock’ is likely a net
loss; it does not produce an equivalent amount of energy as that required for the harvesting process.
practice may also conflict with several state waste control regulations.
The project scope also called for evaluation of alternative feedstock sources.
alternative feedstock source for the proposed biomass energy system; wood pellets / briquettes i
into Kotzebue from elsewhere in Alaska or from abroad.Pellets and briquettes produced as byproducts from
wood harvests or mill operations are a rapidly growing heating fuel source, with over 14 million tons
uced from timber industry byproducts, pellets and briquettes have
cycle emissions and other environmental benefits to fossil fuel use.
Superior Pellet Fuels of Fairbanks is the only Alaskan producer of volume, but Canada and the lower 48 are
producing significant volumes available for export to Kotzebue.
fuel carry several benefits.For one, v
content material improves combustion characteristics
purchased pellets can be used to increase the output of a system limited
better matching the demand needs of the end user of the produced energy.
either would be satisfactory additions to an RDF boiler.
effective than heating fuel.At
That same 1 MM Btu of heating value
only $21.50, less than half the price of heating fuel.It therefore makes financial sense to purchase pellets or
briquettes, in addition to the environmental benefits of the biomass fuel.
r use in an RDF combustion system and
removed with the bottom ash at the end of the combustion cycle.
It is expected that landfill mining will be limited to choice picking of uncontaminated wood and cardboard
Transport of entire bales for deconstruction and harvesting of ‘feedstock’ is likely a net
loss; it does not produce an equivalent amount of energy as that required for the harvesting process.
ntrol regulations.
The project scope also called for evaluation of alternative feedstock sources.
alternative feedstock source for the proposed biomass energy system; wood pellets / briquettes i
Pellets and briquettes produced as byproducts from
wood harvests or mill operations are a rapidly growing heating fuel source, with over 14 million tons
uced from timber industry byproducts, pellets and briquettes have
cycle emissions and other environmental benefits to fossil fuel use.
Superior Pellet Fuels of Fairbanks is the only Alaskan producer of volume, but Canada and the lower 48 are
producing significant volumes available for export to Kotzebue.Prices are quoted
For one, vendors have
content material improves combustion characteristics in their RDF boilers
purchased pellets can be used to increase the output of a system limited
better matching the demand needs of the end user of the produced energy.
either would be satisfactory additions to an RDF boiler.
At current heating fuel prices of
That same 1 MM Btu of heating value
therefore makes financial sense to purchase pellets or
briquettes, in addition to the environmental benefits of the biomass fuel.
n an RDF combustion system and
It is expected that landfill mining will be limited to choice picking of uncontaminated wood and cardboard
Transport of entire bales for deconstruction and harvesting of ‘feedstock’ is likely a net
loss; it does not produce an equivalent amount of energy as that required for the harvesting process.
The project scope also called for evaluation of alternative feedstock sources.Tetra Tech found only one
alternative feedstock source for the proposed biomass energy system; wood pellets / briquettes i
Pellets and briquettes produced as byproducts from
wood harvests or mill operations are a rapidly growing heating fuel source, with over 14 million tons
uced from timber industry byproducts, pellets and briquettes have
cycle emissions and other environmental benefits to fossil fuel use.
Superior Pellet Fuels of Fairbanks is the only Alaskan producer of volume, but Canada and the lower 48 are
quoted in the range of $300 per
have noted that blending wood to a
in their RDF boilers
purchased pellets can be used to increase the output of a system limited by locally-available feedstocks,
better matching the demand needs of the end user of the produced energy.Particle size is the major
either would be satisfactory additions to an RDF boiler.
current heating fuel prices of
That same 1 MM Btu of heating value in pellet would cost
therefore makes financial sense to purchase pellets or
December 2012
n an RDF combustion system and will be
It is expected that landfill mining will be limited to choice picking of uncontaminated wood and cardboard
Transport of entire bales for deconstruction and harvesting of ‘feedstock’ is likely a net
loss; it does not produce an equivalent amount of energy as that required for the harvesting process.
Tetra Tech found only one
alternative feedstock source for the proposed biomass energy system; wood pellets / briquettes imported
Pellets and briquettes produced as byproducts from
wood harvests or mill operations are a rapidly growing heating fuel source, with over 14 million tons
uced from timber industry byproducts, pellets and briquettes have
cycle emissions and other environmental benefits to fossil fuel use.
Superior Pellet Fuels of Fairbanks is the only Alaskan producer of volume, but Canada and the lower 48 are
in the range of $300 per
that blending wood to a
in their RDF boilers.As well,
available feedstocks,
Particle size is the major
either would be satisfactory additions to an RDF boiler.
current heating fuel prices of $6.04/gallon,
in pellet would cost
therefore makes financial sense to purchase pellets or
December 2012
will be
It is expected that landfill mining will be limited to choice picking of uncontaminated wood and cardboard
Transport of entire bales for deconstruction and harvesting of ‘feedstock’ is likely a net
loss; it does not produce an equivalent amount of energy as that required for the harvesting process.The
Tetra Tech found only one such
mported
Pellets and briquettes produced as byproducts from
wood harvests or mill operations are a rapidly growing heating fuel source, with over 14 million tons
uced from timber industry byproducts, pellets and briquettes have
Superior Pellet Fuels of Fairbanks is the only Alaskan producer of volume, but Canada and the lower 48 are
in the range of $300 per
that blending wood to a
As well,
available feedstocks,
Particle size is the major
$6.04/gallon,it
in pellet would cost
therefore makes financial sense to purchase pellets or
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
3-1
3 TECHNOLOGY EVALUATIO
Tetra Tech reviewed major
project conditions thus far determined.
for a biomass
3.1 ENERGY GENERATION TE
The options evaluat
MSW and gasification systems for bulk unsorted MSW. E
determine which technology platform can most cost
to implement considering the site operations and location,
conditions,
experience with com
vendor, as vendors may include specific proprietary improvements, modifications, and interpretations to
each given technology.
Figure 3-1
conversion pathways of combustion and gasification
Kotzebue than pyrolysis or biochemical conversion pathways
Figure
Source: NREL
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
TECHNOLOGY EVALUATIO
Tetra Tech reviewed major
project conditions thus far determined.
biomass energy plant
ENERGY GENERATION TE
The options evaluated included s
MSW and gasification systems for bulk unsorted MSW. E
determine which technology platform can most cost
to implement considering the site operations and location,
conditions,and is commercially available for full scale operation. Evaluations are based on previous
experience with comparable projects. Ultimate selection of technology may depend on the preferred
vendor, as vendors may include specific proprietary improvements, modifications, and interpretations to
each given technology.
1 illustrates the various pathways to
conversion pathways of combustion and gasification
Kotzebue than pyrolysis or biochemical conversion pathways
Figure 3-1:Waste
Source: NREL
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
TECHNOLOGY EVALUATIO
Tetra Tech reviewed major biomass energy generation
project conditions thus far determined.
plant in Kotzebue
ENERGY GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES
ed included standard combustion systems for the paper, cardboard and wood fraction of
MSW and gasification systems for bulk unsorted MSW. E
determine which technology platform can most cost
to implement considering the site operations and location,
and is commercially available for full scale operation. Evaluations are based on previous
parable projects. Ultimate selection of technology may depend on the preferred
vendor, as vendors may include specific proprietary improvements, modifications, and interpretations to
each given technology.
illustrates the various pathways to
conversion pathways of combustion and gasification
Kotzebue than pyrolysis or biochemical conversion pathways
Waste-to-Energy Conversion Pathways
FEASIBILITY STUDY
TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION
biomass energy generation
project conditions thus far determined.The following section identifies the most likely process technology
in Kotzebue.
CHNOLOGIES
tandard combustion systems for the paper, cardboard and wood fraction of
MSW and gasification systems for bulk unsorted MSW. E
determine which technology platform can most cost
to implement considering the site operations and location,
and is commercially available for full scale operation. Evaluations are based on previous
parable projects. Ultimate selection of technology may depend on the preferred
vendor, as vendors may include specific proprietary improvements, modifications, and interpretations to
illustrates the various pathways to produce energy from wastes. This project will focus on thermal
conversion pathways of combustion and gasification
Kotzebue than pyrolysis or biochemical conversion pathways
Energy Conversion Pathways
FEASIBILITY STUDY
biomass energy generation technology
The following section identifies the most likely process technology
CHNOLOGIES
tandard combustion systems for the paper, cardboard and wood fraction of
MSW and gasification systems for bulk unsorted MSW. Each of these technologies was evaluated to
determine which technology platform can most cost-effectively utilize the available fu
to implement considering the site operations and location,has a history of success under similar operating
and is commercially available for full scale operation. Evaluations are based on previous
parable projects. Ultimate selection of technology may depend on the preferred
vendor, as vendors may include specific proprietary improvements, modifications, and interpretations to
produce energy from wastes. This project will focus on thermal
conversion pathways of combustion and gasification, more applicable to the scale and feedstock available in
Kotzebue than pyrolysis or biochemical conversion pathways.
Energy Conversion Pathways
technology options that are applicable to the general
The following section identifies the most likely process technology
tandard combustion systems for the paper, cardboard and wood fraction of
ach of these technologies was evaluated to
effectively utilize the available fu
has a history of success under similar operating
and is commercially available for full scale operation. Evaluations are based on previous
parable projects. Ultimate selection of technology may depend on the preferred
vendor, as vendors may include specific proprietary improvements, modifications, and interpretations to
produce energy from wastes. This project will focus on thermal
, more applicable to the scale and feedstock available in
options that are applicable to the general
The following section identifies the most likely process technology
tandard combustion systems for the paper, cardboard and wood fraction of
ach of these technologies was evaluated to
effectively utilize the available fuel source, is fairly easy
has a history of success under similar operating
and is commercially available for full scale operation. Evaluations are based on previous
parable projects. Ultimate selection of technology may depend on the preferred
vendor, as vendors may include specific proprietary improvements, modifications, and interpretations to
produce energy from wastes. This project will focus on thermal
, more applicable to the scale and feedstock available in
December 2012
options that are applicable to the general
The following section identifies the most likely process technology
tandard combustion systems for the paper, cardboard and wood fraction of
ach of these technologies was evaluated to
el source, is fairly easy
has a history of success under similar operating
and is commercially available for full scale operation. Evaluations are based on previous
parable projects. Ultimate selection of technology may depend on the preferred
vendor, as vendors may include specific proprietary improvements, modifications, and interpretations to
produce energy from wastes. This project will focus on thermal
, more applicable to the scale and feedstock available in
December 2012
options that are applicable to the general
The following section identifies the most likely process technology
tandard combustion systems for the paper, cardboard and wood fraction of
ach of these technologies was evaluated to
el source, is fairly easy
has a history of success under similar operating
and is commercially available for full scale operation. Evaluations are based on previous
parable projects. Ultimate selection of technology may depend on the preferred
vendor, as vendors may include specific proprietary improvements, modifications, and interpretations to
produce energy from wastes. This project will focus on thermal
, more applicable to the scale and feedstock available in
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
3-2
3.1.1 COMBUSTION
Combustion can be defined as the burning of fuel to produce power and heat. The combustion process is
highly developed commercially and is available in n
throughout the world for power generation and heating.
easy to use, and systems using this process have evolved to be robust and long
Combustion occurs with oxygen in slight stoichiometric excess to rapidly complete the thermal oxidation
reaction.
dioxide (CO
pollutants and particulates.
prefer to select and design specific Air Pollution Control
pollution and particulate
Combustion is a highly exothermic (net heat output) process; therefore
recovery in many applications. It is critical to maintain correct airflow and exposure of
complete, clean, and efficient combustion. This is done by a combination of methods, including rotating kilns,
fluidized bed reactors, and traveling grates. All of the systems work in conjunction with any number of
controlled air flo
Stoker boilers are most commonly used in existing industrial operations due to their ease of use and
maintenance. The stoker boiler process simply involves traditional combus
enriched environment, with the thermal energy generated from the combustion used to generate steam.
The system is robust and
Boilers may either produce steam or hot water for use as a workin
as steam boilers or hydronic boilers. The working fluid is used as a medium to transport thermal energy
produced by the boiler to the desired user. Steam is a more efficient medium for heat transfer, however it
requires a greater rate of thermal input from the feedstock than hydronic boilers. Steam boilers are generally
used for industrial applications, while hydronic boilers are more than sufficient to provide building heat.
Hydronic b
psi.
3.1.2 GASIFICATION
Gasifier boilers increase efficiency as compared to stoker boilers by separating the combustion process into 2
phases.In these
in an oxygen starved pre
or used as a fuel in an attached combustion device.
process.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
COMBUSTION
Combustion can be defined as the burning of fuel to produce power and heat. The combustion process is
highly developed commercially and is available in n
throughout the world for power generation and heating.
easy to use, and systems using this process have evolved to be robust and long
Combustion occurs with oxygen in slight stoichiometric excess to rapidly complete the thermal oxidation
Waste products are an ash residue and an off gas made up of predominantly nitrogen (N
dioxide (CO2), and water vapor.
pollutants and particulates.
prefer to select and design specific Air Pollution Control
pollution and particulate
Combustion is a highly exothermic (net heat output) process; therefore
recovery in many applications. It is critical to maintain correct airflow and exposure of
complete, clean, and efficient combustion. This is done by a combination of methods, including rotating kilns,
fluidized bed reactors, and traveling grates. All of the systems work in conjunction with any number of
controlled air flow systems including induced draft, forced air, and over fire/under fire systems.
Stoker boilers are most commonly used in existing industrial operations due to their ease of use and
maintenance. The stoker boiler process simply involves traditional combus
enriched environment, with the thermal energy generated from the combustion used to generate steam.
The system is robust and
Boilers may either produce steam or hot water for use as a workin
as steam boilers or hydronic boilers. The working fluid is used as a medium to transport thermal energy
produced by the boiler to the desired user. Steam is a more efficient medium for heat transfer, however it
quires a greater rate of thermal input from the feedstock than hydronic boilers. Steam boilers are generally
used for industrial applications, while hydronic boilers are more than sufficient to provide building heat.
Hydronic boilers recommended of Kotzeb
GASIFICATION
boilers increase efficiency as compared to stoker boilers by separating the combustion process into 2
In these processes, a ‘
in an oxygen starved pre
or used as a fuel in an attached combustion device.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
COMBUSTION
Combustion can be defined as the burning of fuel to produce power and heat. The combustion process is
highly developed commercially and is available in n
throughout the world for power generation and heating.
easy to use, and systems using this process have evolved to be robust and long
Combustion occurs with oxygen in slight stoichiometric excess to rapidly complete the thermal oxidation
Waste products are an ash residue and an off gas made up of predominantly nitrogen (N
), and water vapor.The off gas
pollutants and particulates.The emissions will vary considerably from one vendor to another.
prefer to select and design specific Air Pollution Control
pollution and particulate emissions.
Combustion is a highly exothermic (net heat output) process; therefore
recovery in many applications. It is critical to maintain correct airflow and exposure of
complete, clean, and efficient combustion. This is done by a combination of methods, including rotating kilns,
fluidized bed reactors, and traveling grates. All of the systems work in conjunction with any number of
w systems including induced draft, forced air, and over fire/under fire systems.
Stoker boilers are most commonly used in existing industrial operations due to their ease of use and
maintenance. The stoker boiler process simply involves traditional combus
enriched environment, with the thermal energy generated from the combustion used to generate steam.
The system is robust and proven over many applications.
Boilers may either produce steam or hot water for use as a workin
as steam boilers or hydronic boilers. The working fluid is used as a medium to transport thermal energy
produced by the boiler to the desired user. Steam is a more efficient medium for heat transfer, however it
quires a greater rate of thermal input from the feedstock than hydronic boilers. Steam boilers are generally
used for industrial applications, while hydronic boilers are more than sufficient to provide building heat.
recommended of Kotzeb
GASIFICATION
boilers increase efficiency as compared to stoker boilers by separating the combustion process into 2
processes, a ‘synthe
in an oxygen starved pre-burn chamber.
or used as a fuel in an attached combustion device.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Combustion can be defined as the burning of fuel to produce power and heat. The combustion process is
highly developed commercially and is available in n
throughout the world for power generation and heating.
easy to use, and systems using this process have evolved to be robust and long
Combustion occurs with oxygen in slight stoichiometric excess to rapidly complete the thermal oxidation
Waste products are an ash residue and an off gas made up of predominantly nitrogen (N
The off gas must be treated to meet regulatory requirements for chemic
The emissions will vary considerably from one vendor to another.
prefer to select and design specific Air Pollution Control
Combustion is a highly exothermic (net heat output) process; therefore
recovery in many applications. It is critical to maintain correct airflow and exposure of
complete, clean, and efficient combustion. This is done by a combination of methods, including rotating kilns,
fluidized bed reactors, and traveling grates. All of the systems work in conjunction with any number of
w systems including induced draft, forced air, and over fire/under fire systems.
Stoker boilers are most commonly used in existing industrial operations due to their ease of use and
maintenance. The stoker boiler process simply involves traditional combus
enriched environment, with the thermal energy generated from the combustion used to generate steam.
proven over many applications.
Boilers may either produce steam or hot water for use as a workin
as steam boilers or hydronic boilers. The working fluid is used as a medium to transport thermal energy
produced by the boiler to the desired user. Steam is a more efficient medium for heat transfer, however it
quires a greater rate of thermal input from the feedstock than hydronic boilers. Steam boilers are generally
used for industrial applications, while hydronic boilers are more than sufficient to provide building heat.
recommended of Kotzebue have a working fluid operating at approximately 230
boilers increase efficiency as compared to stoker boilers by separating the combustion process into 2
synthesis gas fuel’ (syngas), also called ‘producer gas’
burn chamber.The syngas is immediately burned in a second combustion chamber
or used as a fuel in an attached combustion device.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Combustion can be defined as the burning of fuel to produce power and heat. The combustion process is
highly developed commercially and is available in numerous vendor specific designs. It has been used
throughout the world for power generation and heating.Incineration technology is well
easy to use, and systems using this process have evolved to be robust and long
Combustion occurs with oxygen in slight stoichiometric excess to rapidly complete the thermal oxidation
Waste products are an ash residue and an off gas made up of predominantly nitrogen (N
must be treated to meet regulatory requirements for chemic
The emissions will vary considerably from one vendor to another.
prefer to select and design specific Air Pollution Control (APC)
Combustion is a highly exothermic (net heat output) process; therefore
recovery in many applications. It is critical to maintain correct airflow and exposure of
complete, clean, and efficient combustion. This is done by a combination of methods, including rotating kilns,
fluidized bed reactors, and traveling grates. All of the systems work in conjunction with any number of
w systems including induced draft, forced air, and over fire/under fire systems.
Stoker boilers are most commonly used in existing industrial operations due to their ease of use and
maintenance. The stoker boiler process simply involves traditional combus
enriched environment, with the thermal energy generated from the combustion used to generate steam.
proven over many applications.
Boilers may either produce steam or hot water for use as a workin
as steam boilers or hydronic boilers. The working fluid is used as a medium to transport thermal energy
produced by the boiler to the desired user. Steam is a more efficient medium for heat transfer, however it
quires a greater rate of thermal input from the feedstock than hydronic boilers. Steam boilers are generally
used for industrial applications, while hydronic boilers are more than sufficient to provide building heat.
have a working fluid operating at approximately 230
boilers increase efficiency as compared to stoker boilers by separating the combustion process into 2
’ (syngas), also called ‘producer gas’
The syngas is immediately burned in a second combustion chamber
or used as a fuel in an attached combustion device.Figure
Combustion can be defined as the burning of fuel to produce power and heat. The combustion process is
umerous vendor specific designs. It has been used
Incineration technology is well
easy to use, and systems using this process have evolved to be robust and long
Combustion occurs with oxygen in slight stoichiometric excess to rapidly complete the thermal oxidation
Waste products are an ash residue and an off gas made up of predominantly nitrogen (N
must be treated to meet regulatory requirements for chemic
The emissions will vary considerably from one vendor to another.
(APC)equipment for each pr
Combustion is a highly exothermic (net heat output) process; therefore,the technology lends itself to heat
recovery in many applications. It is critical to maintain correct airflow and exposure of
complete, clean, and efficient combustion. This is done by a combination of methods, including rotating kilns,
fluidized bed reactors, and traveling grates. All of the systems work in conjunction with any number of
w systems including induced draft, forced air, and over fire/under fire systems.
Stoker boilers are most commonly used in existing industrial operations due to their ease of use and
maintenance. The stoker boiler process simply involves traditional combus
enriched environment, with the thermal energy generated from the combustion used to generate steam.
Boilers may either produce steam or hot water for use as a working fluid. More commonly, these are known
as steam boilers or hydronic boilers. The working fluid is used as a medium to transport thermal energy
produced by the boiler to the desired user. Steam is a more efficient medium for heat transfer, however it
quires a greater rate of thermal input from the feedstock than hydronic boilers. Steam boilers are generally
used for industrial applications, while hydronic boilers are more than sufficient to provide building heat.
have a working fluid operating at approximately 230
boilers increase efficiency as compared to stoker boilers by separating the combustion process into 2
’ (syngas), also called ‘producer gas’
The syngas is immediately burned in a second combustion chamber
Figure 3-2 provides an outlined illu
Combustion can be defined as the burning of fuel to produce power and heat. The combustion process is
umerous vendor specific designs. It has been used
Incineration technology is well
easy to use, and systems using this process have evolved to be robust and long-lasting investments.
Combustion occurs with oxygen in slight stoichiometric excess to rapidly complete the thermal oxidation
Waste products are an ash residue and an off gas made up of predominantly nitrogen (N
must be treated to meet regulatory requirements for chemic
The emissions will vary considerably from one vendor to another.
equipment for each project that addresses
the technology lends itself to heat
recovery in many applications. It is critical to maintain correct airflow and exposure of the fuel bed to ensure
complete, clean, and efficient combustion. This is done by a combination of methods, including rotating kilns,
fluidized bed reactors, and traveling grates. All of the systems work in conjunction with any number of
w systems including induced draft, forced air, and over fire/under fire systems.
Stoker boilers are most commonly used in existing industrial operations due to their ease of use and
maintenance. The stoker boiler process simply involves traditional combustion of feedstock in an oxygen
enriched environment, with the thermal energy generated from the combustion used to generate steam.
g fluid. More commonly, these are known
as steam boilers or hydronic boilers. The working fluid is used as a medium to transport thermal energy
produced by the boiler to the desired user. Steam is a more efficient medium for heat transfer, however it
quires a greater rate of thermal input from the feedstock than hydronic boilers. Steam boilers are generally
used for industrial applications, while hydronic boilers are more than sufficient to provide building heat.
have a working fluid operating at approximately 230
boilers increase efficiency as compared to stoker boilers by separating the combustion process into 2
’ (syngas), also called ‘producer gas’is created from the
The syngas is immediately burned in a second combustion chamber
provides an outlined illu
December 2012
Combustion can be defined as the burning of fuel to produce power and heat. The combustion process is
umerous vendor specific designs. It has been used
Incineration technology is well-established and
lasting investments.
Combustion occurs with oxygen in slight stoichiometric excess to rapidly complete the thermal oxidation
Waste products are an ash residue and an off gas made up of predominantly nitrogen (N2), carbon
must be treated to meet regulatory requirements for chemic
The emissions will vary considerably from one vendor to another.Most vendors
oject that addresses
the technology lends itself to heat
the fuel bed to ensure
complete, clean, and efficient combustion. This is done by a combination of methods, including rotating kilns,
fluidized bed reactors, and traveling grates. All of the systems work in conjunction with any number of
w systems including induced draft, forced air, and over fire/under fire systems.
Stoker boilers are most commonly used in existing industrial operations due to their ease of use and
tion of feedstock in an oxygen
enriched environment, with the thermal energy generated from the combustion used to generate steam.
g fluid. More commonly, these are known
as steam boilers or hydronic boilers. The working fluid is used as a medium to transport thermal energy
produced by the boiler to the desired user. Steam is a more efficient medium for heat transfer, however it
quires a greater rate of thermal input from the feedstock than hydronic boilers. Steam boilers are generally
used for industrial applications, while hydronic boilers are more than sufficient to provide building heat.
have a working fluid operating at approximately 230°F and 58
boilers increase efficiency as compared to stoker boilers by separating the combustion process into 2
is created from the
The syngas is immediately burned in a second combustion chamber
provides an outlined illustration of this
December 2012
Combustion can be defined as the burning of fuel to produce power and heat. The combustion process is
umerous vendor specific designs. It has been used
established and
lasting investments.
Combustion occurs with oxygen in slight stoichiometric excess to rapidly complete the thermal oxidation
), carbon
must be treated to meet regulatory requirements for chemical
ost vendors
oject that addresses
the technology lends itself to heat
the fuel bed to ensure
complete, clean, and efficient combustion. This is done by a combination of methods, including rotating kilns,
fluidized bed reactors, and traveling grates. All of the systems work in conjunction with any number of
Stoker boilers are most commonly used in existing industrial operations due to their ease of use and
tion of feedstock in an oxygen
enriched environment, with the thermal energy generated from the combustion used to generate steam.
g fluid. More commonly, these are known
as steam boilers or hydronic boilers. The working fluid is used as a medium to transport thermal energy
produced by the boiler to the desired user. Steam is a more efficient medium for heat transfer, however it
quires a greater rate of thermal input from the feedstock than hydronic boilers. Steam boilers are generally
used for industrial applications, while hydronic boilers are more than sufficient to provide building heat.
F and 58
boilers increase efficiency as compared to stoker boilers by separating the combustion process into 2
is created from the MSW
The syngas is immediately burned in a second combustion chamber
stration of this
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
3-3
This second destruction stage results in
environmental and energy performance.
source from a solid to a gas in the stage 1 primary chamber.
at higher tempera
increases the maximum operational efficiency of any system according to
These higher temperatures and pressures also allow for easier re
NOX), and trace contaminants such as mercury, arsenic, selenium, cadmium, etc.
improvements provided by increased temperatures also allow for the environmentally responsible use of
other MSW comb
Gasifier systems offer the benefit of being able to accommodate a wide range of feedstocks, thus limiting the
need for preprocessing and sorting of the MSW feedstock in question. This added
improve overall system efficiency by: decreasing the man
reducing the need for pre
and increasing
accommodated by this
tires, fish and animal remains, waste wood, and others. Inert material
mixed in with MSW can more easily be separated from the ash after the reaction is complete and later
recycled (if desired).
8 National Renewable Energy Laborat
http://www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/coalpower/gasification/gasifipedia/7
Stage 1
Figure
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
This second destruction stage results in
environmental and energy performance.
source from a solid to a gas in the stage 1 primary chamber.
at higher temperatures and pressures than solid fuel. Combustion at higher temperatures and pressures
increases the maximum operational efficiency of any system according to
These higher temperatures and pressures also allow for easier re
), and trace contaminants such as mercury, arsenic, selenium, cadmium, etc.
improvements provided by increased temperatures also allow for the environmentally responsible use of
other MSW combustibles such as non
Gasifier systems offer the benefit of being able to accommodate a wide range of feedstocks, thus limiting the
need for preprocessing and sorting of the MSW feedstock in question. This added
improve overall system efficiency by: decreasing the man
reducing the need for pre
and increasing reliability by diversifying the project feedstock portfolio. Feedstocks that can be
accommodated by this
tires, fish and animal remains, waste wood, and others. Inert material
mixed in with MSW can more easily be separated from the ash after the reaction is complete and later
recycled (if desired).
National Renewable Energy Laborat
http://www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/coalpower/gasification/gasifipedia/7
Stage 1
•Raw MSW input
•Starved O2environment
•1200-1500°
•Wastes turned
to ash &
combustible
'syngas'
Figure 3-2: Advanced Combustion 2
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
This second destruction stage results in
environmental and energy performance.
source from a solid to a gas in the stage 1 primary chamber.
tures and pressures than solid fuel. Combustion at higher temperatures and pressures
increases the maximum operational efficiency of any system according to
These higher temperatures and pressures also allow for easier re
), and trace contaminants such as mercury, arsenic, selenium, cadmium, etc.
improvements provided by increased temperatures also allow for the environmentally responsible use of
ustibles such as non
Gasifier systems offer the benefit of being able to accommodate a wide range of feedstocks, thus limiting the
need for preprocessing and sorting of the MSW feedstock in question. This added
improve overall system efficiency by: decreasing the man
reducing the need for pre-processing of waste material, increasing the system’s energy generation potential,
reliability by diversifying the project feedstock portfolio. Feedstocks that can be
accommodated by this technology include:
tires, fish and animal remains, waste wood, and others. Inert material
mixed in with MSW can more easily be separated from the ash after the reaction is complete and later
National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
http://www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/coalpower/gasification/gasifipedia/7
Raw MSW input
environment
°F
Wastes turned
combustible
: Advanced Combustion 2
FEASIBILITY STUDY
This second destruction stage results in a higher
environmental and energy performance.The key to this improved performance is the conversion of the fuel
source from a solid to a gas in the stage 1 primary chamber.
tures and pressures than solid fuel. Combustion at higher temperatures and pressures
increases the maximum operational efficiency of any system according to
These higher temperatures and pressures also allow for easier re
), and trace contaminants such as mercury, arsenic, selenium, cadmium, etc.
improvements provided by increased temperatures also allow for the environmentally responsible use of
ustibles such as non-recyclable plastics within the fuel source.
Gasifier systems offer the benefit of being able to accommodate a wide range of feedstocks, thus limiting the
need for preprocessing and sorting of the MSW feedstock in question. This added
improve overall system efficiency by: decreasing the man
processing of waste material, increasing the system’s energy generation potential,
reliability by diversifying the project feedstock portfolio. Feedstocks that can be
technology include:untreated/unsorted MSW, construction and demolition waste,
tires, fish and animal remains, waste wood, and others. Inert material
mixed in with MSW can more easily be separated from the ash after the reaction is complete and later
ory.Advantages of Gasification
http://www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/coalpower/gasification/gasifipedia/7
Stage 2
•Syngas
combusted in
afterburner
•1800
•Retention time
2-
•Combination of
temp. and time
destroys many
POPs
: Advanced Combustion 2-Stage Process Description
FEASIBILITY STUDY
higher efficiency of
The key to this improved performance is the conversion of the fuel
source from a solid to a gas in the stage 1 primary chamber.This is because gaseous fuels can be combusted
tures and pressures than solid fuel. Combustion at higher temperatures and pressures
increases the maximum operational efficiency of any system according to
These higher temperatures and pressures also allow for easier re
), and trace contaminants such as mercury, arsenic, selenium, cadmium, etc.
improvements provided by increased temperatures also allow for the environmentally responsible use of
recyclable plastics within the fuel source.
Gasifier systems offer the benefit of being able to accommodate a wide range of feedstocks, thus limiting the
need for preprocessing and sorting of the MSW feedstock in question. This added
improve overall system efficiency by: decreasing the man-hours needed to separate wastes, significantly
processing of waste material, increasing the system’s energy generation potential,
reliability by diversifying the project feedstock portfolio. Feedstocks that can be
untreated/unsorted MSW, construction and demolition waste,
tires, fish and animal remains, waste wood, and others. Inert material
mixed in with MSW can more easily be separated from the ash after the reaction is complete and later
Advantages of Gasification
http://www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/coalpower/gasification/gasifipedia/7
Stage 2
Syngas
combusted in
afterburner
1800°F
Retention time
-3 seconds
Combination of
temp. and time
destroys many
POPs
Stage Process Description
efficiency of conversion
The key to this improved performance is the conversion of the fuel
This is because gaseous fuels can be combusted
tures and pressures than solid fuel. Combustion at higher temperatures and pressures
increases the maximum operational efficiency of any system according to Carnot’s rule of thermodynamics.
These higher temperatures and pressures also allow for easier removal of sulfur and nitrous oxides (SO
), and trace contaminants such as mercury, arsenic, selenium, cadmium, etc.
improvements provided by increased temperatures also allow for the environmentally responsible use of
recyclable plastics within the fuel source.
Gasifier systems offer the benefit of being able to accommodate a wide range of feedstocks, thus limiting the
need for preprocessing and sorting of the MSW feedstock in question. This added
hours needed to separate wastes, significantly
processing of waste material, increasing the system’s energy generation potential,
reliability by diversifying the project feedstock portfolio. Feedstocks that can be
untreated/unsorted MSW, construction and demolition waste,
tires, fish and animal remains, waste wood, and others. Inert materials such as glass and metals that may be
mixed in with MSW can more easily be separated from the ash after the reaction is complete and later
Advantages of Gasification.
http://www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/coalpower/gasification/gasifipedia/7 -advantages/index.html
Retention time
Combination of
temp. and time
destroys many
Stage Process Description
conversion for the fuel, and improved
The key to this improved performance is the conversion of the fuel
This is because gaseous fuels can be combusted
tures and pressures than solid fuel. Combustion at higher temperatures and pressures
Carnot’s rule of thermodynamics.
moval of sulfur and nitrous oxides (SO
), and trace contaminants such as mercury, arsenic, selenium, cadmium, etc.
improvements provided by increased temperatures also allow for the environmentally responsible use of
recyclable plastics within the fuel source.
Gasifier systems offer the benefit of being able to accommodate a wide range of feedstocks, thus limiting the
need for preprocessing and sorting of the MSW feedstock in question. This added feedstock flexibility would
hours needed to separate wastes, significantly
processing of waste material, increasing the system’s energy generation potential,
reliability by diversifying the project feedstock portfolio. Feedstocks that can be
untreated/unsorted MSW, construction and demolition waste,
s such as glass and metals that may be
mixed in with MSW can more easily be separated from the ash after the reaction is complete and later
advantages/index.html
Outputs
•Thermal energy
from stage 2
•Non-hazardous
ash from stage 1
•Air emissions
(see table 6)
December 2012
the fuel, and improved
The key to this improved performance is the conversion of the fuel
This is because gaseous fuels can be combusted
tures and pressures than solid fuel. Combustion at higher temperatures and pressures
Carnot’s rule of thermodynamics.
moval of sulfur and nitrous oxides (SO
), and trace contaminants such as mercury, arsenic, selenium, cadmium, etc.8 Environmental
improvements provided by increased temperatures also allow for the environmentally responsible use of
Gasifier systems offer the benefit of being able to accommodate a wide range of feedstocks, thus limiting the
feedstock flexibility would
hours needed to separate wastes, significantly
processing of waste material, increasing the system’s energy generation potential,
reliability by diversifying the project feedstock portfolio. Feedstocks that can be
untreated/unsorted MSW, construction and demolition waste,
s such as glass and metals that may be
mixed in with MSW can more easily be separated from the ash after the reaction is complete and later
advantages/index.html
Outputs
Thermal energy
from stage 2
hazardous
ash from stage 1
Air emissions
(see table 6)
December 2012
the fuel, and improved
The key to this improved performance is the conversion of the fuel
This is because gaseous fuels can be combusted
tures and pressures than solid fuel. Combustion at higher temperatures and pressures
Carnot’s rule of thermodynamics.
moval of sulfur and nitrous oxides (SOX, and
Environmental
improvements provided by increased temperatures also allow for the environmentally responsible use of
Gasifier systems offer the benefit of being able to accommodate a wide range of feedstocks, thus limiting the
feedstock flexibility would
hours needed to separate wastes, significantly
processing of waste material, increasing the system’s energy generation potential,
reliability by diversifying the project feedstock portfolio. Feedstocks that can be
untreated/unsorted MSW, construction and demolition waste,
s such as glass and metals that may be
mixed in with MSW can more easily be separated from the ash after the reaction is complete and later
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
3-4
Gasifiers are offered in one of two feedstock delivery configurations, batch or continuous.
systems operate by loading large quantities of feedstock into the primary reaction chamber, where the
feedstock is heated in a starved oxygen environment to generate syngas.
continue to completion,
continuously fed systems introduce feedstock to the gasifier at a constant rate, and are shut down only to
perform maintenance.
Previous gasification applications installed in
the batch variety, due to these systems relative ease of operation and lessor infrastructure requirements. For
the proposed systems involving energy production as well as waste destruction, a c
recommended.
per day), are unable to provide a steady source of thermal energy for heat recovery activities. Furthermore,
the need to const
which initiates the primary reaction.
batch system would be nearly equal to the fuel oil dis
will come at a higher initial price, but will solve the issues presented by collecting heat from a batch system.
This system is expected to require only 2.5 gallons of fuel oil per hour to supplement the
Waste oils can be used for this requirement.
3.2 ELECTRICITY PRODUCTI
Biomass-fired stoker boilers and gasifiers can be coupled with turbines to produce electricity.
water is heated to
pressure in a multistage turbine
either condensed or, more often in biomass
pressure stream or hot water
is well understood and steam turbines enjoy the benefit of a relatively long lifespan.
However, it is the working experience of Tetra Te
electricity production via CHP or direct electricity production is not financially feasible for projects of th
scale available in Kotzebue
up boiler costs and operational expenditures.
based on TPD feedstock input is shown in the Figure below. For reference, all Kotzebue MSW (both
combustibles and non
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
Gasifiers are offered in one of two feedstock delivery configurations, batch or continuous.
systems operate by loading large quantities of feedstock into the primary reaction chamber, where the
feedstock is heated in a starved oxygen environment to generate syngas.
continue to completion,
continuously fed systems introduce feedstock to the gasifier at a constant rate, and are shut down only to
perform maintenance.
Previous gasification applications installed in
the batch variety, due to these systems relative ease of operation and lessor infrastructure requirements. For
the proposed systems involving energy production as well as waste destruction, a c
recommended.A drawbacks of batch systems is that, due to their long periods of down
per day), are unable to provide a steady source of thermal energy for heat recovery activities. Furthermore,
the need to constantly re
which initiates the primary reaction.
batch system would be nearly equal to the fuel oil dis
will come at a higher initial price, but will solve the issues presented by collecting heat from a batch system.
This system is expected to require only 2.5 gallons of fuel oil per hour to supplement the
Waste oils can be used for this requirement.
ELECTRICITY PRODUCTI
fired stoker boilers and gasifiers can be coupled with turbines to produce electricity.
heated to generate
pressure in a multistage turbine
either condensed or, more often in biomass
pressure stream or hot water
is well understood and steam turbines enjoy the benefit of a relatively long lifespan.
However, it is the working experience of Tetra Te
electricity production via CHP or direct electricity production is not financially feasible for projects of th
available in Kotzebue
up boiler costs and operational expenditures.
based on TPD feedstock input is shown in the Figure below. For reference, all Kotzebue MSW (both
combustibles and non-combustible
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
Gasifiers are offered in one of two feedstock delivery configurations, batch or continuous.
systems operate by loading large quantities of feedstock into the primary reaction chamber, where the
feedstock is heated in a starved oxygen environment to generate syngas.
continue to completion,and then the system is shut down to remove ash before re
continuously fed systems introduce feedstock to the gasifier at a constant rate, and are shut down only to
perform maintenance.
Previous gasification applications installed in
the batch variety, due to these systems relative ease of operation and lessor infrastructure requirements. For
the proposed systems involving energy production as well as waste destruction, a c
A drawbacks of batch systems is that, due to their long periods of down
per day), are unable to provide a steady source of thermal energy for heat recovery activities. Furthermore,
antly re-start the batch system from a cooled stage greatly increases the need for fuel oil
which initiates the primary reaction.
batch system would be nearly equal to the fuel oil dis
will come at a higher initial price, but will solve the issues presented by collecting heat from a batch system.
This system is expected to require only 2.5 gallons of fuel oil per hour to supplement the
Waste oils can be used for this requirement.
ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION
fired stoker boilers and gasifiers can be coupled with turbines to produce electricity.
generate high pressure steam by the
pressure in a multistage turbine as it
either condensed or, more often in biomass
pressure stream or hot water to process heat, space heating, or other applications
is well understood and steam turbines enjoy the benefit of a relatively long lifespan.
However, it is the working experience of Tetra Te
electricity production via CHP or direct electricity production is not financially feasible for projects of th
available in Kotzebue.As well, p
up boiler costs and operational expenditures.
based on TPD feedstock input is shown in the Figure below. For reference, all Kotzebue MSW (both
combustibles) totals approximately 3.5 TPD.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Gasifiers are offered in one of two feedstock delivery configurations, batch or continuous.
systems operate by loading large quantities of feedstock into the primary reaction chamber, where the
feedstock is heated in a starved oxygen environment to generate syngas.
the system is shut down to remove ash before re
continuously fed systems introduce feedstock to the gasifier at a constant rate, and are shut down only to
Previous gasification applications installed in Alaska (Barrow, Egegik, Skagway) have been almost entirely of
the batch variety, due to these systems relative ease of operation and lessor infrastructure requirements. For
the proposed systems involving energy production as well as waste destruction, a c
A drawbacks of batch systems is that, due to their long periods of down
per day), are unable to provide a steady source of thermal energy for heat recovery activities. Furthermore,
start the batch system from a cooled stage greatly increases the need for fuel oil
which initiates the primary reaction.Information for the vendors
batch system would be nearly equal to the fuel oil dis
will come at a higher initial price, but will solve the issues presented by collecting heat from a batch system.
This system is expected to require only 2.5 gallons of fuel oil per hour to supplement the
Waste oils can be used for this requirement.
ON
fired stoker boilers and gasifiers can be coupled with turbines to produce electricity.
high pressure steam by the
as it expands energy to rotate
either condensed or, more often in biomass-based combined heat and power (CHP) installations,
process heat, space heating, or other applications
is well understood and steam turbines enjoy the benefit of a relatively long lifespan.
However, it is the working experience of Tetra Te
electricity production via CHP or direct electricity production is not financially feasible for projects of th
As well, producing electricity requires high
up boiler costs and operational expenditures.A generalized decision chart for waste to energy systems
based on TPD feedstock input is shown in the Figure below. For reference, all Kotzebue MSW (both
s) totals approximately 3.5 TPD.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Gasifiers are offered in one of two feedstock delivery configurations, batch or continuous.
systems operate by loading large quantities of feedstock into the primary reaction chamber, where the
feedstock is heated in a starved oxygen environment to generate syngas.
the system is shut down to remove ash before re
continuously fed systems introduce feedstock to the gasifier at a constant rate, and are shut down only to
Alaska (Barrow, Egegik, Skagway) have been almost entirely of
the batch variety, due to these systems relative ease of operation and lessor infrastructure requirements. For
the proposed systems involving energy production as well as waste destruction, a c
A drawbacks of batch systems is that, due to their long periods of down
per day), are unable to provide a steady source of thermal energy for heat recovery activities. Furthermore,
start the batch system from a cooled stage greatly increases the need for fuel oil
Information for the vendors
batch system would be nearly equal to the fuel oil displaced by gasifying MSW. A continuously fed system
will come at a higher initial price, but will solve the issues presented by collecting heat from a batch system.
This system is expected to require only 2.5 gallons of fuel oil per hour to supplement the
fired stoker boilers and gasifiers can be coupled with turbines to produce electricity.
high pressure steam by the boiler. The pressurized steam is expanded to lower
energy to rotate
based combined heat and power (CHP) installations,
process heat, space heating, or other applications
is well understood and steam turbines enjoy the benefit of a relatively long lifespan.
However, it is the working experience of Tetra Tech and its network
electricity production via CHP or direct electricity production is not financially feasible for projects of th
roducing electricity requires high
A generalized decision chart for waste to energy systems
based on TPD feedstock input is shown in the Figure below. For reference, all Kotzebue MSW (both
s) totals approximately 3.5 TPD.
Gasifiers are offered in one of two feedstock delivery configurations, batch or continuous.
systems operate by loading large quantities of feedstock into the primary reaction chamber, where the
feedstock is heated in a starved oxygen environment to generate syngas.This primary reaction is allowed to
the system is shut down to remove ash before re
continuously fed systems introduce feedstock to the gasifier at a constant rate, and are shut down only to
Alaska (Barrow, Egegik, Skagway) have been almost entirely of
the batch variety, due to these systems relative ease of operation and lessor infrastructure requirements. For
the proposed systems involving energy production as well as waste destruction, a c
A drawbacks of batch systems is that, due to their long periods of down
per day), are unable to provide a steady source of thermal energy for heat recovery activities. Furthermore,
start the batch system from a cooled stage greatly increases the need for fuel oil
Information for the vendors indicated that fuel oil requirements for a
placed by gasifying MSW. A continuously fed system
will come at a higher initial price, but will solve the issues presented by collecting heat from a batch system.
This system is expected to require only 2.5 gallons of fuel oil per hour to supplement the
fired stoker boilers and gasifiers can be coupled with turbines to produce electricity.
boiler. The pressurized steam is expanded to lower
energy to rotate the turbine and generator
based combined heat and power (CHP) installations,
process heat, space heating, or other applications
is well understood and steam turbines enjoy the benefit of a relatively long lifespan.
ch and its network of preferred technology vendors
electricity production via CHP or direct electricity production is not financially feasible for projects of th
roducing electricity requires high-pressure stea
A generalized decision chart for waste to energy systems
based on TPD feedstock input is shown in the Figure below. For reference, all Kotzebue MSW (both
s) totals approximately 3.5 TPD.
Gasifiers are offered in one of two feedstock delivery configurations, batch or continuous.
systems operate by loading large quantities of feedstock into the primary reaction chamber, where the
This primary reaction is allowed to
the system is shut down to remove ash before re-loading. Conversely,
continuously fed systems introduce feedstock to the gasifier at a constant rate, and are shut down only to
Alaska (Barrow, Egegik, Skagway) have been almost entirely of
the batch variety, due to these systems relative ease of operation and lessor infrastructure requirements. For
the proposed systems involving energy production as well as waste destruction, a continuous
A drawbacks of batch systems is that, due to their long periods of down
per day), are unable to provide a steady source of thermal energy for heat recovery activities. Furthermore,
start the batch system from a cooled stage greatly increases the need for fuel oil
indicated that fuel oil requirements for a
placed by gasifying MSW. A continuously fed system
will come at a higher initial price, but will solve the issues presented by collecting heat from a batch system.
This system is expected to require only 2.5 gallons of fuel oil per hour to supplement the
fired stoker boilers and gasifiers can be coupled with turbines to produce electricity.
boiler. The pressurized steam is expanded to lower
turbine and generator
based combined heat and power (CHP) installations,
process heat, space heating, or other applications.Steam turbine technology
is well understood and steam turbines enjoy the benefit of a relatively long lifespan.
of preferred technology vendors
electricity production via CHP or direct electricity production is not financially feasible for projects of th
pressure steam production, driving
A generalized decision chart for waste to energy systems
based on TPD feedstock input is shown in the Figure below. For reference, all Kotzebue MSW (both
December 2012
Gasifiers are offered in one of two feedstock delivery configurations, batch or continuous.Batch gasification
systems operate by loading large quantities of feedstock into the primary reaction chamber, where the
This primary reaction is allowed to
loading. Conversely,
continuously fed systems introduce feedstock to the gasifier at a constant rate, and are shut down only to
Alaska (Barrow, Egegik, Skagway) have been almost entirely of
the batch variety, due to these systems relative ease of operation and lessor infrastructure requirements. For
ontinuous-feed system is
A drawbacks of batch systems is that, due to their long periods of down-time (10-12 hours
per day), are unable to provide a steady source of thermal energy for heat recovery activities. Furthermore,
start the batch system from a cooled stage greatly increases the need for fuel oil
indicated that fuel oil requirements for a
placed by gasifying MSW. A continuously fed system
will come at a higher initial price, but will solve the issues presented by collecting heat from a batch system.
This system is expected to require only 2.5 gallons of fuel oil per hour to supplement the MSW feedstock.
fired stoker boilers and gasifiers can be coupled with turbines to produce electricity.In this process,
boiler. The pressurized steam is expanded to lower
turbine and generator. The steam is
based combined heat and power (CHP) installations,sent as low
Steam turbine technology
of preferred technology vendors
electricity production via CHP or direct electricity production is not financially feasible for projects of th
m production, driving
A generalized decision chart for waste to energy systems
based on TPD feedstock input is shown in the Figure below. For reference, all Kotzebue MSW (both
December 2012
Batch gasification
systems operate by loading large quantities of feedstock into the primary reaction chamber, where the
This primary reaction is allowed to
loading. Conversely,
continuously fed systems introduce feedstock to the gasifier at a constant rate, and are shut down only to
Alaska (Barrow, Egegik, Skagway) have been almost entirely of
the batch variety, due to these systems relative ease of operation and lessor infrastructure requirements. For
feed system is
12 hours
per day), are unable to provide a steady source of thermal energy for heat recovery activities. Furthermore,
start the batch system from a cooled stage greatly increases the need for fuel oil
indicated that fuel oil requirements for a
placed by gasifying MSW. A continuously fed system
will come at a higher initial price, but will solve the issues presented by collecting heat from a batch system.
MSW feedstock.
In this process,
boiler. The pressurized steam is expanded to lower
. The steam is then
ent as low
Steam turbine technology
of preferred technology vendors that
electricity production via CHP or direct electricity production is not financially feasible for projects of the
m production, driving
A generalized decision chart for waste to energy systems
based on TPD feedstock input is shown in the Figure below. For reference, all Kotzebue MSW (both
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
3-5
Figure
Source: Eco Waste Solutions
Additionally, a
analysis assumed best
source of electricity and steam, and electrical efficiency was set at 30%, at the high
for a turbine of this scale. Using these aggressive numbers,
both scenarios (80 kW for a combustion boiler, 160 kW for a gasifier). Table
the analysis.
Table
Parameter
Feedstock MM BTU/day
Feedstock MM BTU/hr
Electrical Efficiency*
Output Capacity (kW)
*Electrical Efficiency = net
A measure of the amount of fuel converted into electricity
Tetra Tech’s experience with related projects suggests that the capital costs associated with generator
construction, inc
labor to manage the electrical system, outweigh any financial savings realized by electricity production at this
scale.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
Figure 3-3: Generalized Decision Chart for MSW Based Energy Systems
Source: Eco Waste Solutions
Additionally, a simple scenario analysis was performed to evaluate elec
analysis assumed best-
source of electricity and steam, and electrical efficiency was set at 30%, at the high
r a turbine of this scale. Using these aggressive numbers,
both scenarios (80 kW for a combustion boiler, 160 kW for a gasifier). Table
the analysis.
Table 3-1: CHP Generation
Parameter
Feedstock MM BTU/day
Feedstock MM BTU/hr
Electrical Efficiency*
Output Capacity (kW)
Electrical Efficiency = net
A measure of the amount of fuel converted into electricity
Tetra Tech’s experience with related projects suggests that the capital costs associated with generator
construction, increased costs for boiler upgrades and electrical interconnection equipment, and hiring skilled
labor to manage the electrical system, outweigh any financial savings realized by electricity production at this
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
: Generalized Decision Chart for MSW Based Energy Systems
Source: Eco Waste Solutions
simple scenario analysis was performed to evaluate elec
-case scenarios; 100% of all wastes could be used to generate a steady year
source of electricity and steam, and electrical efficiency was set at 30%, at the high
r a turbine of this scale. Using these aggressive numbers,
both scenarios (80 kW for a combustion boiler, 160 kW for a gasifier). Table
: CHP Generation -Best Case Scenario Analysis
Feedstock MM BTU/day
Feedstock MM BTU/hr
Electrical Efficiency*
Output Capacity (kW)
Electrical Efficiency = net electricity
A measure of the amount of fuel converted into electricity
Tetra Tech’s experience with related projects suggests that the capital costs associated with generator
reased costs for boiler upgrades and electrical interconnection equipment, and hiring skilled
labor to manage the electrical system, outweigh any financial savings realized by electricity production at this
FEASIBILITY STUDY
: Generalized Decision Chart for MSW Based Energy Systems
simple scenario analysis was performed to evaluate elec
case scenarios; 100% of all wastes could be used to generate a steady year
source of electricity and steam, and electrical efficiency was set at 30%, at the high
r a turbine of this scale. Using these aggressive numbers,
both scenarios (80 kW for a combustion boiler, 160 kW for a gasifier). Table
Best Case Scenario Analysis
Combustion
electricity generate/total fu
A measure of the amount of fuel converted into electricity
Tetra Tech’s experience with related projects suggests that the capital costs associated with generator
reased costs for boiler upgrades and electrical interconnection equipment, and hiring skilled
labor to manage the electrical system, outweigh any financial savings realized by electricity production at this
FEASIBILITY STUDY
: Generalized Decision Chart for MSW Based Energy Systems
simple scenario analysis was performed to evaluate elec
case scenarios; 100% of all wastes could be used to generate a steady year
source of electricity and steam, and electrical efficiency was set at 30%, at the high
r a turbine of this scale. Using these aggressive numbers,generator capacity would be extremely low for
both scenarios (80 kW for a combustion boiler, 160 kW for a gasifier). Table
Best Case Scenario Analysis
Combustion Gasification
22.3
0.93
30%
80
generate/total fuel into system;
A measure of the amount of fuel converted into electricity
Tetra Tech’s experience with related projects suggests that the capital costs associated with generator
reased costs for boiler upgrades and electrical interconnection equipment, and hiring skilled
labor to manage the electrical system, outweigh any financial savings realized by electricity production at this
: Generalized Decision Chart for MSW Based Energy Systems
simple scenario analysis was performed to evaluate electricity production in Kotzebue. The
case scenarios; 100% of all wastes could be used to generate a steady year
source of electricity and steam, and electrical efficiency was set at 30%, at the high
generator capacity would be extremely low for
both scenarios (80 kW for a combustion boiler, 160 kW for a gasifier). Table
Gasification
43.7
1.82
30%
160
l into system;
Tetra Tech’s experience with related projects suggests that the capital costs associated with generator
reased costs for boiler upgrades and electrical interconnection equipment, and hiring skilled
labor to manage the electrical system, outweigh any financial savings realized by electricity production at this
: Generalized Decision Chart for MSW Based Energy Systems
tricity production in Kotzebue. The
case scenarios; 100% of all wastes could be used to generate a steady year
source of electricity and steam, and electrical efficiency was set at 30%, at the high-end of what is achievable
generator capacity would be extremely low for
both scenarios (80 kW for a combustion boiler, 160 kW for a gasifier). Table 3-1 displays the parameters in
Tetra Tech’s experience with related projects suggests that the capital costs associated with generator
reased costs for boiler upgrades and electrical interconnection equipment, and hiring skilled
labor to manage the electrical system, outweigh any financial savings realized by electricity production at this
December 2012
tricity production in Kotzebue. The
case scenarios; 100% of all wastes could be used to generate a steady year-
end of what is achievable
generator capacity would be extremely low for
displays the parameters in
Tetra Tech’s experience with related projects suggests that the capital costs associated with generator
reased costs for boiler upgrades and electrical interconnection equipment, and hiring skilled
labor to manage the electrical system, outweigh any financial savings realized by electricity production at this
December 2012
tricity production in Kotzebue. The
-round
end of what is achievable
generator capacity would be extremely low for
displays the parameters in
Tetra Tech’s experience with related projects suggests that the capital costs associated with generator
reased costs for boiler upgrades and electrical interconnection equipment, and hiring skilled
labor to manage the electrical system, outweigh any financial savings realized by electricity production at this
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
3-6
3.3 PRE
Due to the
feedstocks in seasons of low heat demand to supplement heat production later in the year. Storage of
biomass over prolonged periods of time presents a number o
need to be addressed by this system. These issues include feedstock homogenization, space management,
and moisture management.
Feedstock Homogenization
optimally within a somewhat narrow range of feedstock
of several types of feedstocks, and because these feedstocks can vary in B
source,
Space Management
primarily of wood wastes, cardboard, and paper products. When loosely stored, the shape and structure
of these
means that if the biomass is left unprocessed, long term storage could require a significant geographical
footprint in Kotzebue.
Table
6,321 cu yd to just 584 cu yd. Densification also stabilizes the material and inhibits microbial and rodent
attacks on the feedstock supply.
Table
RDF summer storage
Months of storage
Separated lbs /day
Total RDF mass for storage (tons)
Storage
Storage
Moisture Management
moisture management will be critical to reduce and eliminate rotting and other biological activity that
can lower the overall B
drying (where necessary), and storage in a low moisture environment.
3.3.1 SHREDDIN
The first step in many systems that address the issues of feedstock homogenization and storage space
management is mechanical shred
MSW systems. Shredder
different vendors. Shredding
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
PRE-PROCESSING AND STORA
Due to the seasonal variations in
feedstocks in seasons of low heat demand to supplement heat production later in the year. Storage of
biomass over prolonged periods of time presents a number o
need to be addressed by this system. These issues include feedstock homogenization, space management,
and moisture management.
Feedstock Homogenization
optimally within a somewhat narrow range of feedstock
of several types of feedstocks, and because these feedstocks can vary in B
source,shredding and/or densifying
Space Management
primarily of wood wastes, cardboard, and paper products. When loosely stored, the shape and structure
of these biomass sources will inherently generate a very porous storage pile. Practically speaking, this
means that if the biomass is left unprocessed, long term storage could require a significant geographical
footprint in Kotzebue.
Table 3-2 shows the benefit of densification in feedstock storage, reducing storage building space from
6,321 cu yd to just 584 cu yd. Densification also stabilizes the material and inhibits microbial and rodent
attacks on the feedstock supply.
Table 3-2: RDF Storage Pile Volume Comparing Storage Scenarios
RDF summer storage
Months of storage
Separated lbs /day
Total RDF mass for storage (tons)
Storage -loose (cu.yd)
Storage -densified
Moisture Management
moisture management will be critical to reduce and eliminate rotting and other biological activity that
can lower the overall B
drying (where necessary), and storage in a low moisture environment.
SHREDDING
The first step in many systems that address the issues of feedstock homogenization and storage space
management is mechanical shred
MSW systems. Shredder
different vendors. Shredding
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
PROCESSING AND STORA
l variations in heating r
feedstocks in seasons of low heat demand to supplement heat production later in the year. Storage of
biomass over prolonged periods of time presents a number o
need to be addressed by this system. These issues include feedstock homogenization, space management,
and moisture management.
Feedstock Homogenization.In order to ensure a clean and even burn, boilers ar
optimally within a somewhat narrow range of feedstock
of several types of feedstocks, and because these feedstocks can vary in B
shredding and/or densifying
Space Management.The combustible portion of MSW feedstocks available in Kotzebue consists
primarily of wood wastes, cardboard, and paper products. When loosely stored, the shape and structure
biomass sources will inherently generate a very porous storage pile. Practically speaking, this
means that if the biomass is left unprocessed, long term storage could require a significant geographical
footprint in Kotzebue.A maximum storage need (if u
shows the benefit of densification in feedstock storage, reducing storage building space from
6,321 cu yd to just 584 cu yd. Densification also stabilizes the material and inhibits microbial and rodent
attacks on the feedstock supply.
: RDF Storage Pile Volume Comparing Storage Scenarios
RDF summer storage
Months of storage
Separated lbs /day
Total RDF mass for storage (tons)
loose (cu.yd)
densified (cu.yd)
Moisture Management.Regardless of what method of biomass storage is used for the proposed system,
moisture management will be critical to reduce and eliminate rotting and other biological activity that
can lower the overall Btu value of the feedstock. Moisture management can involve both preliminary
drying (where necessary), and storage in a low moisture environment.
The first step in many systems that address the issues of feedstock homogenization and storage space
management is mechanical shredding of the material. Shredding is recommended for both RDF and bulk
MSW systems. Shredders are widely used, robust pieces of machinery which can be provided by a number of
different vendors. Shredding advantages include
FEASIBILITY STUDY
PROCESSING AND STORAGE
heating requirements,
feedstocks in seasons of low heat demand to supplement heat production later in the year. Storage of
biomass over prolonged periods of time presents a number o
need to be addressed by this system. These issues include feedstock homogenization, space management,
In order to ensure a clean and even burn, boilers ar
optimally within a somewhat narrow range of feedstock
of several types of feedstocks, and because these feedstocks can vary in B
shredding and/or densifying raw MSW fuel
he combustible portion of MSW feedstocks available in Kotzebue consists
primarily of wood wastes, cardboard, and paper products. When loosely stored, the shape and structure
biomass sources will inherently generate a very porous storage pile. Practically speaking, this
means that if the biomass is left unprocessed, long term storage could require a significant geographical
A maximum storage need (if u
shows the benefit of densification in feedstock storage, reducing storage building space from
6,321 cu yd to just 584 cu yd. Densification also stabilizes the material and inhibits microbial and rodent
: RDF Storage Pile Volume Comparing Storage Scenarios
Total RDF mass for storage (tons)
(cu.yd)
Regardless of what method of biomass storage is used for the proposed system,
moisture management will be critical to reduce and eliminate rotting and other biological activity that
value of the feedstock. Moisture management can involve both preliminary
drying (where necessary), and storage in a low moisture environment.
The first step in many systems that address the issues of feedstock homogenization and storage space
ding of the material. Shredding is recommended for both RDF and bulk
s are widely used, robust pieces of machinery which can be provided by a number of
advantages include:
FEASIBILITY STUDY
equirements,Kotzebue will find it necessary to store collected
feedstocks in seasons of low heat demand to supplement heat production later in the year. Storage of
biomass over prolonged periods of time presents a number of important but manageable challenges that will
need to be addressed by this system. These issues include feedstock homogenization, space management,
In order to ensure a clean and even burn, boilers ar
optimally within a somewhat narrow range of feedstock energy
of several types of feedstocks, and because these feedstocks can vary in B
raw MSW fuel helps to
he combustible portion of MSW feedstocks available in Kotzebue consists
primarily of wood wastes, cardboard, and paper products. When loosely stored, the shape and structure
biomass sources will inherently generate a very porous storage pile. Practically speaking, this
means that if the biomass is left unprocessed, long term storage could require a significant geographical
A maximum storage need (if used to supplement Add
shows the benefit of densification in feedstock storage, reducing storage building space from
6,321 cu yd to just 584 cu yd. Densification also stabilizes the material and inhibits microbial and rodent
: RDF Storage Pile Volume Comparing Storage Scenarios
3,500
319.20
6,321
584
Regardless of what method of biomass storage is used for the proposed system,
moisture management will be critical to reduce and eliminate rotting and other biological activity that
value of the feedstock. Moisture management can involve both preliminary
drying (where necessary), and storage in a low moisture environment.
The first step in many systems that address the issues of feedstock homogenization and storage space
ding of the material. Shredding is recommended for both RDF and bulk
s are widely used, robust pieces of machinery which can be provided by a number of
Kotzebue will find it necessary to store collected
feedstocks in seasons of low heat demand to supplement heat production later in the year. Storage of
f important but manageable challenges that will
need to be addressed by this system. These issues include feedstock homogenization, space management,
In order to ensure a clean and even burn, boilers ar
energy values. Because MSW is a combination
of several types of feedstocks, and because these feedstocks can vary in B
maintain a consistent
he combustible portion of MSW feedstocks available in Kotzebue consists
primarily of wood wastes, cardboard, and paper products. When loosely stored, the shape and structure
biomass sources will inherently generate a very porous storage pile. Practically speaking, this
means that if the biomass is left unprocessed, long term storage could require a significant geographical
sed to supplement Add
shows the benefit of densification in feedstock storage, reducing storage building space from
6,321 cu yd to just 584 cu yd. Densification also stabilizes the material and inhibits microbial and rodent
: RDF Storage Pile Volume Comparing Storage Scenarios
6
3,500
319.20
6,321
584
Regardless of what method of biomass storage is used for the proposed system,
moisture management will be critical to reduce and eliminate rotting and other biological activity that
value of the feedstock. Moisture management can involve both preliminary
drying (where necessary), and storage in a low moisture environment.
The first step in many systems that address the issues of feedstock homogenization and storage space
ding of the material. Shredding is recommended for both RDF and bulk
s are widely used, robust pieces of machinery which can be provided by a number of
Kotzebue will find it necessary to store collected
feedstocks in seasons of low heat demand to supplement heat production later in the year. Storage of
f important but manageable challenges that will
need to be addressed by this system. These issues include feedstock homogenization, space management,
In order to ensure a clean and even burn, boilers are designed to operate
values. Because MSW is a combination
of several types of feedstocks, and because these feedstocks can vary in Btu values from source to
maintain a consistent Btu flow.
he combustible portion of MSW feedstocks available in Kotzebue consists
primarily of wood wastes, cardboard, and paper products. When loosely stored, the shape and structure
biomass sources will inherently generate a very porous storage pile. Practically speaking, this
means that if the biomass is left unprocessed, long term storage could require a significant geographical
sed to supplement Add-Heat) is 6
shows the benefit of densification in feedstock storage, reducing storage building space from
6,321 cu yd to just 584 cu yd. Densification also stabilizes the material and inhibits microbial and rodent
Regardless of what method of biomass storage is used for the proposed system,
moisture management will be critical to reduce and eliminate rotting and other biological activity that
value of the feedstock. Moisture management can involve both preliminary
The first step in many systems that address the issues of feedstock homogenization and storage space
ding of the material. Shredding is recommended for both RDF and bulk
s are widely used, robust pieces of machinery which can be provided by a number of
December 2012
Kotzebue will find it necessary to store collected
feedstocks in seasons of low heat demand to supplement heat production later in the year. Storage of
f important but manageable challenges that will
need to be addressed by this system. These issues include feedstock homogenization, space management,
e designed to operate
values. Because MSW is a combination
values from source to
flow.
he combustible portion of MSW feedstocks available in Kotzebue consists
primarily of wood wastes, cardboard, and paper products. When loosely stored, the shape and structure
biomass sources will inherently generate a very porous storage pile. Practically speaking, this
means that if the biomass is left unprocessed, long term storage could require a significant geographical
Heat) is 6 months’supply.
shows the benefit of densification in feedstock storage, reducing storage building space from
6,321 cu yd to just 584 cu yd. Densification also stabilizes the material and inhibits microbial and rodent
Regardless of what method of biomass storage is used for the proposed system,
moisture management will be critical to reduce and eliminate rotting and other biological activity that
value of the feedstock. Moisture management can involve both preliminary
The first step in many systems that address the issues of feedstock homogenization and storage space
ding of the material. Shredding is recommended for both RDF and bulk
s are widely used, robust pieces of machinery which can be provided by a number of
December 2012
Kotzebue will find it necessary to store collected
feedstocks in seasons of low heat demand to supplement heat production later in the year. Storage of
f important but manageable challenges that will
need to be addressed by this system. These issues include feedstock homogenization, space management,
e designed to operate
values. Because MSW is a combination
values from source to
he combustible portion of MSW feedstocks available in Kotzebue consists
primarily of wood wastes, cardboard, and paper products. When loosely stored, the shape and structure
biomass sources will inherently generate a very porous storage pile. Practically speaking, this
means that if the biomass is left unprocessed, long term storage could require a significant geographical
supply.
shows the benefit of densification in feedstock storage, reducing storage building space from
6,321 cu yd to just 584 cu yd. Densification also stabilizes the material and inhibits microbial and rodent
Regardless of what method of biomass storage is used for the proposed system,
moisture management will be critical to reduce and eliminate rotting and other biological activity that
value of the feedstock. Moisture management can involve both preliminary
ding of the material. Shredding is recommended for both RDF and bulk
s are widely used, robust pieces of machinery which can be provided by a number of
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
3-7
Improved handling material qualities
Improved homogenization capabilities
Improved fuel density
Readies material for further processing
Figures 3-4
Figure 3-4
UNTHA)
3.3.2 PELLETIZATION & BRIQ
After the shredding phase, one way
efficiencies
pelletization or briquetting. In pelletization, shredded MSW would be fed into a
sawdust sized particles. This material would then be mixed with a binding agent (such as waste oil), and
passed through a mechanical extrusion pelletizer. Briquetting also mechanically compact
though without the
accomplish similar goals. These include:
Densification
Transportability
transport efficiencies several orders of magnitude. Because of this pellets/
to supplement shortfalls, or increase anticipated system size.
Homogenization
fuel source with a consistent density, BTU value, and thus consistent combustion properties.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
Improved handling material qualities
Improved homogenization capabilities
Improved fuel density
Readies material for further processing
4 and 3-5 below depict generic shredders similar to those that may be employed in Kotzebue.
4: MSW Shredder (Photo Courtesy of
PELLETIZATION & BRIQ
After the shredding phase, one way
efficiencies of the MSW is through densification.
pelletization or briquetting. In pelletization, shredded MSW would be fed into a
sawdust sized particles. This material would then be mixed with a binding agent (such as waste oil), and
passed through a mechanical extrusion pelletizer. Briquetting also mechanically compact
though without the additional step of hammer milling. Despite the different processes, both methods
accomplish similar goals. These include:
Densification –Storage space can be reduced by up to 50% over material that is only shredded.
Transportability –
transport efficiencies several orders of magnitude. Because of this pellets/
to supplement shortfalls, or increase anticipated system size.
Homogenization -Wood, card
fuel source with a consistent density, BTU value, and thus consistent combustion properties.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
Improved handling material qualities
Improved homogenization capabilities
Improved fuel density
Readies material for further processing
below depict generic shredders similar to those that may be employed in Kotzebue.
: MSW Shredder (Photo Courtesy of
PELLETIZATION & BRIQUETTING
After the shredding phase, one way
of the MSW is through densification.
pelletization or briquetting. In pelletization, shredded MSW would be fed into a
sawdust sized particles. This material would then be mixed with a binding agent (such as waste oil), and
passed through a mechanical extrusion pelletizer. Briquetting also mechanically compact
additional step of hammer milling. Despite the different processes, both methods
accomplish similar goals. These include:
Storage space can be reduced by up to 50% over material that is only shredded.
The increased ener
transport efficiencies several orders of magnitude. Because of this pellets/
to supplement shortfalls, or increase anticipated system size.
Wood, cardboard, paper, and (maybe) binder waste oil can be combined into a single
fuel source with a consistent density, BTU value, and thus consistent combustion properties.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Improved handling material qualities
Improved homogenization capabilities
Readies material for further processing
below depict generic shredders similar to those that may be employed in Kotzebue.
: MSW Shredder (Photo Courtesy of
UETTING
After the shredding phase, one way to further improve the storing and handling characteristics
of the MSW is through densification.
pelletization or briquetting. In pelletization, shredded MSW would be fed into a
sawdust sized particles. This material would then be mixed with a binding agent (such as waste oil), and
passed through a mechanical extrusion pelletizer. Briquetting also mechanically compact
additional step of hammer milling. Despite the different processes, both methods
accomplish similar goals. These include:
Storage space can be reduced by up to 50% over material that is only shredded.
The increased energy density of the pelletized/briquetted feedstock improves
transport efficiencies several orders of magnitude. Because of this pellets/
to supplement shortfalls, or increase anticipated system size.
board, paper, and (maybe) binder waste oil can be combined into a single
fuel source with a consistent density, BTU value, and thus consistent combustion properties.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
below depict generic shredders similar to those that may be employed in Kotzebue.
Figure 3-
UNTHA)
to further improve the storing and handling characteristics
of the MSW is through densification.This is accomplished through one of two processes;
pelletization or briquetting. In pelletization, shredded MSW would be fed into a
sawdust sized particles. This material would then be mixed with a binding agent (such as waste oil), and
passed through a mechanical extrusion pelletizer. Briquetting also mechanically compact
additional step of hammer milling. Despite the different processes, both methods
Storage space can be reduced by up to 50% over material that is only shredded.
gy density of the pelletized/briquetted feedstock improves
transport efficiencies several orders of magnitude. Because of this pellets/
to supplement shortfalls, or increase anticipated system size.
board, paper, and (maybe) binder waste oil can be combined into a single
fuel source with a consistent density, BTU value, and thus consistent combustion properties.
below depict generic shredders similar to those that may be employed in Kotzebue.
-5: Wood Shredder (Photo courtesy of
to further improve the storing and handling characteristics
his is accomplished through one of two processes;
pelletization or briquetting. In pelletization, shredded MSW would be fed into a
sawdust sized particles. This material would then be mixed with a binding agent (such as waste oil), and
passed through a mechanical extrusion pelletizer. Briquetting also mechanically compact
additional step of hammer milling. Despite the different processes, both methods
Storage space can be reduced by up to 50% over material that is only shredded.
gy density of the pelletized/briquetted feedstock improves
transport efficiencies several orders of magnitude. Because of this pellets/
to supplement shortfalls, or increase anticipated system size.
board, paper, and (maybe) binder waste oil can be combined into a single
fuel source with a consistent density, BTU value, and thus consistent combustion properties.
below depict generic shredders similar to those that may be employed in Kotzebue.
: Wood Shredder (Photo courtesy of
to further improve the storing and handling characteristics
his is accomplished through one of two processes;
pelletization or briquetting. In pelletization, shredded MSW would be fed into a hammer mill reducing it to
sawdust sized particles. This material would then be mixed with a binding agent (such as waste oil), and
passed through a mechanical extrusion pelletizer. Briquetting also mechanically compact
additional step of hammer milling. Despite the different processes, both methods
Storage space can be reduced by up to 50% over material that is only shredded.
gy density of the pelletized/briquetted feedstock improves
transport efficiencies several orders of magnitude. Because of this pellets/briquettes
board, paper, and (maybe) binder waste oil can be combined into a single
fuel source with a consistent density, BTU value, and thus consistent combustion properties.
December 2012
below depict generic shredders similar to those that may be employed in Kotzebue.
: Wood Shredder (Photo courtesy of
to further improve the storing and handling characteristics and process
his is accomplished through one of two processes;
hammer mill reducing it to
sawdust sized particles. This material would then be mixed with a binding agent (such as waste oil), and
passed through a mechanical extrusion pelletizer. Briquetting also mechanically compacts shredded MSW,
additional step of hammer milling. Despite the different processes, both methods
Storage space can be reduced by up to 50% over material that is only shredded.
gy density of the pelletized/briquetted feedstock improves
could be imported
board, paper, and (maybe) binder waste oil can be combined into a single
fuel source with a consistent density, BTU value, and thus consistent combustion properties.
December 2012
and process
his is accomplished through one of two processes;
hammer mill reducing it to
sawdust sized particles. This material would then be mixed with a binding agent (such as waste oil), and
shredded MSW,
additional step of hammer milling. Despite the different processes, both methods
gy density of the pelletized/briquetted feedstock improves
could be imported
board, paper, and (maybe) binder waste oil can be combined into a single
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
3-8
Table 3-3
and 3-7 display the physical appearance of these feedstocks. As can be seen, both have their advantages.
Pellets are the more dense, durable, and commonly used option. They also hold an advantage in
transportability. However briquettes
used is considered to be more robust.
option for the proposed plant.
Table 3-3: Product Parameters Concerning Densification Technologies
Parameter
Needs Binder
Pre-Conditioning
Moisture Resistant
Final Bulk Density (lb/ft
Product Durability
Estimated Production Cost ($/ton)
Estimated Cost of Purchasing
Additional Feedstock ($/ton
Additional Feedstock Availability
(a)Kaliyan, N., Morey, R.V. (2009).
Biomass Bioenergy 33 (3), 337
(b) Based on conversations with CPM & FFS Pelleting companies
(c) Based on performance
(http://www.briquettingsystems.com/lease/costs.htm#nielsen23
(b)&(c) Electricity costs set to $0.15 per kWh
Figure 3-6
(Source www.cleantechloops.com
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
illustrates some of the key operating differences between pellets and
display the physical appearance of these feedstocks. As can be seen, both have their advantages.
Pellets are the more dense, durable, and commonly used option. They also hold an advantage in
transportability. However briquettes
used is considered to be more robust.
option for the proposed plant.
: Product Parameters Concerning Densification Technologies
Parameter
Needs Binder
Conditioning
Moisture Resistant
Final Bulk Density (lb/ft
Product Durability
Estimated Production Cost ($/ton)
Estimated Cost of Purchasing
Additional Feedstock ($/ton
Additional Feedstock Availability
Kaliyan, N., Morey, R.V. (2009).
Biomass Bioenergy 33 (3), 337
(b) Based on conversations with CPM & FFS Pelleting companies
performance claims from
http://www.briquettingsystems.com/lease/costs.htm#nielsen23
(b)&(c) Electricity costs set to $0.15 per kWh
6: Biomass Pellets
www.cleantechloops.com
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
illustrates some of the key operating differences between pellets and
display the physical appearance of these feedstocks. As can be seen, both have their advantages.
Pellets are the more dense, durable, and commonly used option. They also hold an advantage in
transportability. However briquettes
used is considered to be more robust.
option for the proposed plant.
: Product Parameters Concerning Densification Technologies
3)
Estimated Production Cost ($/ton)
Estimated Cost of Purchasing
Additional Feedstock ($/ton delivered
Additional Feedstock Availability
Kaliyan, N., Morey, R.V. (2009).Factors affecting strength and durability of densified biomass products
Biomass Bioenergy 33 (3), 337–359.
(b) Based on conversations with CPM & FFS Pelleting companies
claims from Reinbold Briquetters &
http://www.briquettingsystems.com/lease/costs.htm#nielsen23
(b)&(c) Electricity costs set to $0.15 per kWh
: Biomass Pellets
www.cleantechloops.com)
FEASIBILITY STUDY
illustrates some of the key operating differences between pellets and
display the physical appearance of these feedstocks. As can be seen, both have their advantages.
Pellets are the more dense, durable, and commonly used option. They also hold an advantage in
transportability. However briquettes require less pre
used is considered to be more robust.For these reasons, briquetting will likely be more a more attractive
: Product Parameters Concerning Densification Technologies
Pelleting
No (But helpful)
Shredding
Hammer Milling
Drying (If MC> 15%)
Yes
34 –
Good
$30
delivered)
$300
Very Good
Factors affecting strength and durability of densified biomass products
(b) Based on conversations with CPM & FFS Pelleting companies
Reinbold Briquetters &Nielson Briquetters
http://www.briquettingsystems.com/lease/costs.htm#nielsen23
FEASIBILITY STUDY
illustrates some of the key operating differences between pellets and
display the physical appearance of these feedstocks. As can be seen, both have their advantages.
Pellets are the more dense, durable, and commonly used option. They also hold an advantage in
require less pre-treatment, are cheaper to produce, and the equipment
For these reasons, briquetting will likely be more a more attractive
: Product Parameters Concerning Densification Technologies
Pelleting
No (But helpful)
Shredding
Hammer Milling
Drying (If MC> 15%)
Yes
–41
Good
$30 -$40(b)
300
Very Good
Factors affecting strength and durability of densified biomass products
Nielson Briquetters
http://www.briquettingsystems.com/lease/costs.htm#nielsen23)
Figure 3
(Source www.bhsenergy.com
illustrates some of the key operating differences between pellets and
display the physical appearance of these feedstocks. As can be seen, both have their advantages.
Pellets are the more dense, durable, and commonly used option. They also hold an advantage in
treatment, are cheaper to produce, and the equipment
For these reasons, briquetting will likely be more a more attractive
: Product Parameters Concerning Densification Technologies
Drying (If MC> 15%)(a)
Factors affecting strength and durability of densified biomass products
3-7: MSW Briquettes
www.bhsenergy.com
illustrates some of the key operating differences between pellets and briquettes
display the physical appearance of these feedstocks. As can be seen, both have their advantages.
Pellets are the more dense, durable, and commonly used option. They also hold an advantage in
treatment, are cheaper to produce, and the equipment
For these reasons, briquetting will likely be more a more attractive
Briquetting
No
Shredding
Drying (If MC> 20%)
Yes
28 –33
Fair
$8 -$14
$300
Fair
Factors affecting strength and durability of densified biomass products.
: MSW Briquettes
www.bhsenergy.com)
December 2012
briquettes and Figures
display the physical appearance of these feedstocks. As can be seen, both have their advantages.
Pellets are the more dense, durable, and commonly used option. They also hold an advantage in
treatment, are cheaper to produce, and the equipment
For these reasons, briquetting will likely be more a more attractive
Briquetting
Shredding
Drying (If MC> 20%)(a)
33
$14(c)
December 2012
and Figures 3-6
display the physical appearance of these feedstocks. As can be seen, both have their advantages.
Pellets are the more dense, durable, and commonly used option. They also hold an advantage in
treatment, are cheaper to produce, and the equipment
For these reasons, briquetting will likely be more a more attractive
(a)
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
3-9
3.4 TECHNOLOGY RECOMMEND
As can be seen, there are a number of factors that affect the ultimate technology selection and as many
different system arrangements for consideration. Table
parameters discussed in the preceding sections.
forward in the subsequent sections of this report.
Table
Parameter
Feedstock Use
Feedstock Processing
Feedstock TPD Produced
Feedstock BTU/Day Potential
Combustion Stages
Electricity Generation
Air Emissions
Ash/Residuals
Ability to import additional
feedstock
Operational Concerns
Technically speaking and as shown in the above table, gasification holds an edge
feedstock volume and pre
However, concerns over system footprint and the cost of storing MSW on site could de
on the other hand, has
imported feedstock thus increasing project stability.
Both technology platforms will be evaluated further in the study, to determine potential site locations
(Section 4)
(Section 6),
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
TECHNOLOGY RECOMMEND
As can be seen, there are a number of factors that affect the ultimate technology selection and as many
different system arrangements for consideration. Table
parameters discussed in the preceding sections.
forward in the subsequent sections of this report.
Table 3-4: Summary of Technology Parameters
Parameter
Feedstock Use
Feedstock Processing
Feedstock TPD Produced
Feedstock BTU/Day Potential
Combustion Stages
Electricity Generation
Air Emissions
Ash/Residuals
Ability to import additional
feedstock
Operational Concerns
Technically speaking and as shown in the above table, gasification holds an edge
feedstock volume and pre
However, concerns over system footprint and the cost of storing MSW on site could de
on the other hand, has
imported feedstock thus increasing project stability.
Both technology platforms will be evaluated further in the study, to determine potential site locations
(Section 4), conceptual design
(Section 6),and financial feasibility of the options
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
TECHNOLOGY RECOMMEND
As can be seen, there are a number of factors that affect the ultimate technology selection and as many
different system arrangements for consideration. Table
parameters discussed in the preceding sections.
forward in the subsequent sections of this report.
: Summary of Technology Parameters
Feedstock Processing
Feedstock TPD Produced
Feedstock BTU/Day Potential
Combustion Stages
Electricity Generation
Ability to import additional
Operational Concerns
Technically speaking and as shown in the above table, gasification holds an edge
feedstock volume and pre-processing demands. As such, offers Kotzebue
However, concerns over system footprint and the cost of storing MSW on site could de
on the other hand, has the advantage of being a better understood platform that can be supported by
imported feedstock thus increasing project stability.
Both technology platforms will be evaluated further in the study, to determine potential site locations
ptual design of the processes (Section 5)
and financial feasibility of the options
FEASIBILITY STUDY
TECHNOLOGY RECOMMENDATION
As can be seen, there are a number of factors that affect the ultimate technology selection and as many
different system arrangements for consideration. Table
parameters discussed in the preceding sections.
forward in the subsequent sections of this report.
: Summary of Technology Parameters
Scenario 1: RDF Boiler
Paper
Cardboard
Wood
Sorted Material
Shredding
Densification
1.56
22.3 MM
1
Not economical
May not require
permit
Non-hazardous
Yes
Sorting process must
eliminate
contaminants
Technically speaking and as shown in the above table, gasification holds an edge
processing demands. As such, offers Kotzebue
However, concerns over system footprint and the cost of storing MSW on site could de
the advantage of being a better understood platform that can be supported by
imported feedstock thus increasing project stability.
Both technology platforms will be evaluated further in the study, to determine potential site locations
of the processes (Section 5)
and financial feasibility of the options (Section 7)
FEASIBILITY STUDY
As can be seen, there are a number of factors that affect the ultimate technology selection and as many
different system arrangements for consideration. Table 3-4 below summarizes some of the critical project
This table also shows the two scenarios that will be carried
forward in the subsequent sections of this report.
: Summary of Technology Parameters
Scenario 1: RDF Boiler
Sorted Material
Densification
Not economical
May not require
hazardous
Sorting process must
contaminants
Technically speaking and as shown in the above table, gasification holds an edge
processing demands. As such, offers Kotzebue
However, concerns over system footprint and the cost of storing MSW on site could de
the advantage of being a better understood platform that can be supported by
imported feedstock thus increasing project stability.
Both technology platforms will be evaluated further in the study, to determine potential site locations
of the processes (Section 5),permitting and environmental issues of each
(Section 7).
As can be seen, there are a number of factors that affect the ultimate technology selection and as many
below summarizes some of the critical project
This table also shows the two scenarios that will be carried
Scenario 2: MSW Gasifier
All MSW Combustibles
Unsorted MSW
3.59
32.7 MM
2
Not economical
Within
regulatory limits
Non-hazardous
No
Potential for emissions
within city limits
Technically speaking and as shown in the above table, gasification holds an edge
processing demands. As such, offers Kotzebue
However, concerns over system footprint and the cost of storing MSW on site could de
the advantage of being a better understood platform that can be supported by
Both technology platforms will be evaluated further in the study, to determine potential site locations
permitting and environmental issues of each
As can be seen, there are a number of factors that affect the ultimate technology selection and as many
below summarizes some of the critical project
This table also shows the two scenarios that will be carried
Scenario 2: MSW Gasifier
All MSW Combustibles
Unsorted MSW Shredding
Not economical
regulatory limits
hazardous
Potential for emissions
within city limits
Technically speaking and as shown in the above table, gasification holds an edge in the availability of
processing demands. As such, offers Kotzebue the greatest energy potential.
However, concerns over system footprint and the cost of storing MSW on site could de-rail the project. RDF,
the advantage of being a better understood platform that can be supported by
Both technology platforms will be evaluated further in the study, to determine potential site locations
permitting and environmental issues of each
December 2012
As can be seen, there are a number of factors that affect the ultimate technology selection and as many
below summarizes some of the critical project
This table also shows the two scenarios that will be carried
in the availability of
the greatest energy potential.
rail the project. RDF,
the advantage of being a better understood platform that can be supported by
Both technology platforms will be evaluated further in the study, to determine potential site locations
permitting and environmental issues of each
December 2012
As can be seen, there are a number of factors that affect the ultimate technology selection and as many
below summarizes some of the critical project
This table also shows the two scenarios that will be carried
in the availability of
the greatest energy potential.
rail the project. RDF,
the advantage of being a better understood platform that can be supported by
Both technology platforms will be evaluated further in the study, to determine potential site locations
permitting and environmental issues of each
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
4-1
4 LOCAL ENERGY DEMAND
The following
energy loads that can potentially be satisfied by a biomass
for potential plant sites follow
biomass plant siting must be in close proximity to the user groups
4.1 LOCAL FACILITIES AND
Tetra Tech conducted a biomass energy use audit in the City o
beneficial users of thermal energy (heating) produced by the prospective biomass energy plant.
also evaluated interconnection of the energy customer facilities to the prospective plant.
4.1.1 DISTR
Space heating was indicated at the project outset as a focus area for use of the energy produced by a
biomass energy plant. Kotzebue heats most of its public buildings with diesel
electric heat, at a rapidly rising energy cost to the
Below are listed some of the city
produced by a biomass energy plant
based on Maintenance Building
EPA Energy Star energy use accounting program.
Public Works Campus
Water Treatment Facility
City Maintenance
Refuse Bailer Building
City Public Works Offices
Kotzebue City Hall
Kotzebue Recreation Center
Kotzebue Fire Hall
Kotzebue Police Station
Kotzebue Corrections
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
LOCAL ENERGY DEMAND
The following section describes
energy loads that can potentially be satisfied by a biomass
for potential plant sites follow
plant siting must be in close proximity to the user groups
LOCAL FACILITIES AND
Tetra Tech conducted a biomass energy use audit in the City o
beneficial users of thermal energy (heating) produced by the prospective biomass energy plant.
also evaluated interconnection of the energy customer facilities to the prospective plant.
DISTRICT ENERGY MULTI
Space heating was indicated at the project outset as a focus area for use of the energy produced by a
biomass energy plant. Kotzebue heats most of its public buildings with diesel
electric heat, at a rapidly rising energy cost to the
Below are listed some of the city
produced by a biomass energy plant
based on Maintenance Building
EPA Energy Star energy use accounting program.
Public Works Campus
Water Treatment Facility
City Maintenance Shop
Refuse Bailer Building
City Public Works Offices
Kotzebue City Hall
Kotzebue Recreation Center
Kotzebue Fire Hall
Kotzebue Police Station
Kotzebue Corrections
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
LOCAL ENERGY DEMAND
section describes the energy consumption in the project region, and identifies and quantifies
energy loads that can potentially be satisfied by a biomass
for potential plant sites follow in the
plant siting must be in close proximity to the user groups
LOCAL FACILITIES AND ENERGY DEMAND
Tetra Tech conducted a biomass energy use audit in the City o
beneficial users of thermal energy (heating) produced by the prospective biomass energy plant.
also evaluated interconnection of the energy customer facilities to the prospective plant.
ICT ENERGY MULTI-BUILDING HEATING
Space heating was indicated at the project outset as a focus area for use of the energy produced by a
biomass energy plant. Kotzebue heats most of its public buildings with diesel
electric heat, at a rapidly rising energy cost to the
Below are listed some of the city-owned facilities that
produced by a biomass energy plant
based on Maintenance Building.Information
EPA Energy Star energy use accounting program.
Public Works Campus
Water Treatment Facility
Shop
Refuse Bailer Building
City Public Works Offices
Kotzebue Recreation Center
Kotzebue Police Station
Kotzebue Corrections Facility
FEASIBILITY STUDY
LOCAL ENERGY DEMAND AND FACILITY
energy consumption in the project region, and identifies and quantifies
energy loads that can potentially be satisfied by a biomass
in the second portion of the section.
plant siting must be in close proximity to the user groups
ENERGY DEMAND
Tetra Tech conducted a biomass energy use audit in the City o
beneficial users of thermal energy (heating) produced by the prospective biomass energy plant.
also evaluated interconnection of the energy customer facilities to the prospective plant.
BUILDING HEATING
Space heating was indicated at the project outset as a focus area for use of the energy produced by a
biomass energy plant. Kotzebue heats most of its public buildings with diesel
electric heat, at a rapidly rising energy cost to the c
owned facilities that
produced by a biomass energy plant.Bailer Building data
Information displayed
EPA Energy Star energy use accounting program.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
AND FACILITY
energy consumption in the project region, and identifies and quantifies
energy loads that can potentially be satisfied by a biomass-fired energy generator
second portion of the section.
plant siting must be in close proximity to the user groups
ENERGY DEMAND
Tetra Tech conducted a biomass energy use audit in the City of Kotzebue.
beneficial users of thermal energy (heating) produced by the prospective biomass energy plant.
also evaluated interconnection of the energy customer facilities to the prospective plant.
BUILDING HEATING AT KOTZEBUE CITY
Space heating was indicated at the project outset as a focus area for use of the energy produced by a
biomass energy plant. Kotzebue heats most of its public buildings with diesel
city.
owned facilities that were found to be viable options to use the energy
Bailer Building data was
displayed was gathered by the
AND FACILITY SITING
energy consumption in the project region, and identifies and quantifies
fired energy generator
second portion of the section.This takes into consideration that
plant siting must be in close proximity to the user groups of the energy produced.
f Kotzebue.Several facilities were identified as
beneficial users of thermal energy (heating) produced by the prospective biomass energy plant.
also evaluated interconnection of the energy customer facilities to the prospective plant.
AT KOTZEBUE CITY-OWNED BUILDINGS
Space heating was indicated at the project outset as a focus area for use of the energy produced by a
biomass energy plant. Kotzebue heats most of its public buildings with diesel
were found to be viable options to use the energy
was unavailable for the study and was
was gathered by the
energy consumption in the project region, and identifies and quantifies
fired energy generator plant.
This takes into consideration that
of the energy produced.
Several facilities were identified as
beneficial users of thermal energy (heating) produced by the prospective biomass energy plant.
also evaluated interconnection of the energy customer facilities to the prospective plant.
OWNED BUILDINGS
Space heating was indicated at the project outset as a focus area for use of the energy produced by a
biomass energy plant. Kotzebue heats most of its public buildings with diesel-fired boilers, supplemented by
were found to be viable options to use the energy
for the study and was
was gathered by the city of Kotzebue as part of an
December 2012
energy consumption in the project region, and identifies and quantifies
Recommendations
This takes into consideration that
of the energy produced.
Several facilities were identified as
beneficial users of thermal energy (heating) produced by the prospective biomass energy plant.The analysis
OWNED BUILDINGS
Space heating was indicated at the project outset as a focus area for use of the energy produced by a
ilers, supplemented by
were found to be viable options to use the energy
for the study and was estimate
ity of Kotzebue as part of an
December 2012
energy consumption in the project region, and identifies and quantifies
Recommendations
This takes into consideration that
Several facilities were identified as
The analysis
Space heating was indicated at the project outset as a focus area for use of the energy produced by a
ilers, supplemented by
were found to be viable options to use the energy
estimated
ity of Kotzebue as part of an
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Sept
October
November
December
Average DailyLoad
(BTUs/day)
Average Annual Load
(BTUs/year)
MaximumObervedLoad
(BTUs/day)AverageDailyLoad(BTUs/day)AnnualDataKOTZEBUE BIOMASS
4-2
Table 4-1: Kotzebue Government
The total thermal energy demand of these buildings is
Currently, over 94,000 gallons of fuel oil
of buildings
Kotzebue.
4.1.2 PRIMARY
Total thermal demand of the city’s public buildings is roughly equal to the total energy content in Kotzebue’s
waste stream on a Btu basis. Once the inherent efficiency losses of a waste to energy conversion system are
factored, the heating demand in the city’s public buildings is greater than the ability of a waste to energy
system to serve that need. A top
effective buildings and energy systems to convert to biomass heat.
Of the Kotzebue public buildings, the
Maintenance Building. Upon furth
location. Their current heating plants are both diesel boilers, and are some of the oldest on the Public Works
campus. As well, the energy demand of these facilities closely match
biomass energy plant.
RDF plant in Scenario 1
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Sept
October
November
December
Average DailyLoad
(BTUs/day)
Average Annual Load
(BTUs/year)
MaximumObervedLoad
(BTUs/day)
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
: Kotzebue Government
otal thermal energy demand of these buildings is
Currently, over 94,000 gallons of fuel oil
of buildings.This is considered the primary opportunity for const savings through biomass energy use in
Kotzebue.
PRIMARY BUILDING
Total thermal demand of the city’s public buildings is roughly equal to the total energy content in Kotzebue’s
ream on a Btu basis. Once the inherent efficiency losses of a waste to energy conversion system are
factored, the heating demand in the city’s public buildings is greater than the ability of a waste to energy
system to serve that need. A top
effective buildings and energy systems to convert to biomass heat.
Of the Kotzebue public buildings, the
Maintenance Building. Upon furth
location. Their current heating plants are both diesel boilers, and are some of the oldest on the Public Works
campus. As well, the energy demand of these facilities closely match
iomass energy plant.These plants were factored into the conceptual design as the energy consumers of an
RDF plant in Scenario 1, discussed in Section 5
Kotzebue City
Water
Treatment
Facility
7,864,266
7,871,092
12,117,572
5,168,530
6,643,068
2,748,000
3,369,181
3,545,806
6,551,461
7,558,995
8,129,500
14,032,529
7,133,333
2,611,324,785
MaximumObervedLoad
17,427,639
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
: Kotzebue Government Building Heating Demands
otal thermal energy demand of these buildings is
Currently, over 94,000 gallons of fuel oil
This is considered the primary opportunity for const savings through biomass energy use in
BUILDING HEATING SCENARIO
Total thermal demand of the city’s public buildings is roughly equal to the total energy content in Kotzebue’s
ream on a Btu basis. Once the inherent efficiency losses of a waste to energy conversion system are
factored, the heating demand in the city’s public buildings is greater than the ability of a waste to energy
system to serve that need. A top
effective buildings and energy systems to convert to biomass heat.
Of the Kotzebue public buildings, the
Maintenance Building. Upon further review, these buildings present as the logical choice for district energy
location. Their current heating plants are both diesel boilers, and are some of the oldest on the Public Works
campus. As well, the energy demand of these facilities closely match
These plants were factored into the conceptual design as the energy consumers of an
, discussed in Section 5
Kotzebue City
Maintenance
Shop
BailerBuilding
4,314,803
6,404,768
9,789,307
3,299,432
3,739,939
2,561,136
2,603,952
2,660,241
2,061,229
3,213,609
4,465,500
10,362,619
4,623,045
1,691,373,390
14,963,303
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Building Heating Demands
otal thermal energy demand of these buildings is
Currently, over 94,000 gallons of fuel oil is purchased by the City of Kotzebue
This is considered the primary opportunity for const savings through biomass energy use in
HEATING SCENARIO
Total thermal demand of the city’s public buildings is roughly equal to the total energy content in Kotzebue’s
ream on a Btu basis. Once the inherent efficiency losses of a waste to energy conversion system are
factored, the heating demand in the city’s public buildings is greater than the ability of a waste to energy
system to serve that need. A top-down select
effective buildings and energy systems to convert to biomass heat.
Of the Kotzebue public buildings, the top energy consumers are the Water Treatment Plant (WTP) and the
er review, these buildings present as the logical choice for district energy
location. Their current heating plants are both diesel boilers, and are some of the oldest on the Public Works
campus. As well, the energy demand of these facilities closely match
These plants were factored into the conceptual design as the energy consumers of an
, discussed in Section 5.
Kotzebue City
BailerBuilding
(est.)
Kotzebue Public
257,810
508,889
693,722
267,167
297,454
144,626
147,717
147,791
127,248
184,702
254,444
831,295
321,905
117,495,469
831,295
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Building Heating Demands
otal thermal energy demand of these buildings is 26.
is purchased by the City of Kotzebue
This is considered the primary opportunity for const savings through biomass energy use in
HEATING SCENARIO
Total thermal demand of the city’s public buildings is roughly equal to the total energy content in Kotzebue’s
ream on a Btu basis. Once the inherent efficiency losses of a waste to energy conversion system are
factored, the heating demand in the city’s public buildings is greater than the ability of a waste to energy
down selection process was employed to determine the most cost
effective buildings and energy systems to convert to biomass heat.
top energy consumers are the Water Treatment Plant (WTP) and the
er review, these buildings present as the logical choice for district energy
location. Their current heating plants are both diesel boilers, and are some of the oldest on the Public Works
campus. As well, the energy demand of these facilities closely match
These plants were factored into the conceptual design as the energy consumers of an
Kotzebue Public
Works
Kotzebue
Recreation
Center
106,620
154,006
252,836
96,689
84,952
47,785
46,243
34,522
50,940
86,183
279,889
230,724 10,291,703
122,616
611,718,540 1,889,712,351
5,038,000 12,472,374
26.74 MM Btu/day, or
is purchased by the City of Kotzebue
This is considered the primary opportunity for const savings through biomass energy use in
Total thermal demand of the city’s public buildings is roughly equal to the total energy content in Kotzebue’s
ream on a Btu basis. Once the inherent efficiency losses of a waste to energy conversion system are
factored, the heating demand in the city’s public buildings is greater than the ability of a waste to energy
ion process was employed to determine the most cost
effective buildings and energy systems to convert to biomass heat.
top energy consumers are the Water Treatment Plant (WTP) and the
er review, these buildings present as the logical choice for district energy
location. Their current heating plants are both diesel boilers, and are some of the oldest on the Public Works
campus. As well, the energy demand of these facilities closely matches available energy production from
These plants were factored into the conceptual design as the energy consumers of an
Kotzebue
Recreation
Center
Kotzebue Fire
Hall
6,561,515 3,353,003
7,963,897 6,402,358
7,777,948 6,912,993
6,498,402 5,292,877
4,609,327 2,036,844
2,005,582 2,501,825
2,217,902 2,339,789
1,440,484
1,717,500
3,590,129 2,730,049
7,497,918 6,812,292
10,291,703 8,333,088
5,181,026 3,989,636
1,889,712,351 1,452,661,500
12,472,374 9,751,854
MM Btu/day, or 10,327
is purchased by the City of Kotzebue per year to heat this collection
This is considered the primary opportunity for const savings through biomass energy use in
Total thermal demand of the city’s public buildings is roughly equal to the total energy content in Kotzebue’s
ream on a Btu basis. Once the inherent efficiency losses of a waste to energy conversion system are
factored, the heating demand in the city’s public buildings is greater than the ability of a waste to energy
ion process was employed to determine the most cost
top energy consumers are the Water Treatment Plant (WTP) and the
er review, these buildings present as the logical choice for district energy
location. Their current heating plants are both diesel boilers, and are some of the oldest on the Public Works
es available energy production from
These plants were factored into the conceptual design as the energy consumers of an
Kotzebue Fire
Hall
Kotzebue Police
Station
3,353,003 288,097
6,402,358
6,912,993 528,547
5,292,877 1,461,478
2,036,844 169,977
2,501,825 175,643
2,339,789
290,313
870,200
2,730,049 266,822
6,812,292 427,314
8,333,088 731,766
3,989,636 337,470
1,452,661,500 123,474,510
9,751,854 2,464,040
December 2012
10,327 MM Btu
to heat this collection
This is considered the primary opportunity for const savings through biomass energy use in
Total thermal demand of the city’s public buildings is roughly equal to the total energy content in Kotzebue’s
ream on a Btu basis. Once the inherent efficiency losses of a waste to energy conversion system are
factored, the heating demand in the city’s public buildings is greater than the ability of a waste to energy
ion process was employed to determine the most cost
top energy consumers are the Water Treatment Plant (WTP) and the
er review, these buildings present as the logical choice for district energy
location. Their current heating plants are both diesel boilers, and are some of the oldest on the Public Works
es available energy production from
These plants were factored into the conceptual design as the energy consumers of an
Kotzebue Police
Station
Kotzebue
Corrections
Facility
288,097 3,789,581
0 7,510,959
528,547 7,167,405
1,461,478 5,211,353
169,977 2,135,462
175,643 2,410,866
0 0
0 3,235,548
0 836,766
266,822 2,171,806
427,314 11,965,479
731,766 6,544,229
337,470 4,414,955
123,474,510 1,603,161,216
2,464,040 18,015,888
December 2012
MM Btu/year.
to heat this collection
This is considered the primary opportunity for const savings through biomass energy use in
Total thermal demand of the city’s public buildings is roughly equal to the total energy content in Kotzebue’s
ream on a Btu basis. Once the inherent efficiency losses of a waste to energy conversion system are
factored, the heating demand in the city’s public buildings is greater than the ability of a waste to energy
ion process was employed to determine the most cost
top energy consumers are the Water Treatment Plant (WTP) and the
er review, these buildings present as the logical choice for district energy
location. Their current heating plants are both diesel boilers, and are some of the oldest on the Public Works
es available energy production from
These plants were factored into the conceptual design as the energy consumers of an
Kotzebue
Corrections Kotzebue City
Hall
3,789,581 664,839
7,510,959 1,062,078
7,167,405 913,045
5,211,353 1,110,650
2,135,462 309,593
2,410,866 0
0 0
3,235,548 733,539
836,766 0
2,171,806 1,149,063
11,965,479 905,924
6,544,229 588,161
4,414,955 619,741
1,603,161,216 225,871,860
18,015,888 1,826,090
Kotzebue City
664,839
1,062,078
913,045
1,110,650
309,593
733,539
1,149,063
905,924
588,161
619,741
225,871,860
1,826,090
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
4-3
Table
Additional energy demand centers, such as the school district complex, Maniilaq Hospital, and others were
not polled for their interest level or logistical feasibility of converting to biomass
and sale of
layer to a biomass energy plant’s business plan. Recovery of capital expenditure through fuel savings and
avoided disposal costs is the simplest pathway form a bus
4.1.3 ‘ADD
Another potential use for biomass
system.The Add
prevent freezes. Kotzebue Electric Association (KEA)
into the return portion of the lagoon Loop water line
The heated wate
at an average flow (return) of 193 gpm, resulting in an average heat input of 982,600 Btu/hr, or over 23.5
MMBtu/day. Additional diesel
Thermal energy is sold to the
(nearly $40/MM Btu going into the 2012/2013 heating season)
days to ensure s
operating parameters.
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Sept
October
November
December
Average DailyLoad
(BTUs/day)
Average Annual Load
(BTUs/year)
MaximumObervedLoad
(BTUs/day)
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
Table 4-2: Scenario 1 Energy Uses
Additional energy demand centers, such as the school district complex, Maniilaq Hospital, and others were
not polled for their interest level or logistical feasibility of converting to biomass
and sale of energy to third
layer to a biomass energy plant’s business plan. Recovery of capital expenditure through fuel savings and
avoided disposal costs is the simplest pathway form a bus
‘ADD-HEAT’ FOR CITY WATER
Another potential use for biomass
The Add-Heat system currently heats treated water
prevent freezes. Kotzebue Electric Association (KEA)
into the return portion of the lagoon Loop water line
The heated water is blended the rest of the city water supply. The water is heated to an average of 60 deg F,
at an average flow (return) of 193 gpm, resulting in an average heat input of 982,600 Btu/hr, or over 23.5
MMBtu/day. Additional diesel
Thermal energy is sold to the
$40/MM Btu going into the 2012/2013 heating season)
days to ensure steady water supply to its residents.
operating parameters.
January
February
March
April
May
June
August
Sept
October
November
December
Average DailyLoad
(BTUs/day)
Average Annual Load
(BTUs/year)
MaximumObervedLoad
(BTUs/day)
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
ario 1 Energy Uses
Additional energy demand centers, such as the school district complex, Maniilaq Hospital, and others were
not polled for their interest level or logistical feasibility of converting to biomass
energy to third-party consumers adds a difficult, and as shown here, unnecessary, management
layer to a biomass energy plant’s business plan. Recovery of capital expenditure through fuel savings and
avoided disposal costs is the simplest pathway form a bus
HEAT’ FOR CITY WATER
Another potential use for biomass-produced thermal energy is the Kotzebue ‘Add
Heat system currently heats treated water
prevent freezes. Kotzebue Electric Association (KEA)
into the return portion of the lagoon Loop water line
r is blended the rest of the city water supply. The water is heated to an average of 60 deg F,
at an average flow (return) of 193 gpm, resulting in an average heat input of 982,600 Btu/hr, or over 23.5
MMBtu/day. Additional diesel-fired heating is availabl
Thermal energy is sold to the city based on Btu content, at approximately 87.5% of the price of
$40/MM Btu going into the 2012/2013 heating season)
eady water supply to its residents.
Kotzebue City
WaterTreatment
Facility
Average DailyLoad
Average Annual Load
2,611,324,785
MaximumObervedLoad
FEASIBILITY STUDY
ario 1 Energy Uses
Additional energy demand centers, such as the school district complex, Maniilaq Hospital, and others were
not polled for their interest level or logistical feasibility of converting to biomass
party consumers adds a difficult, and as shown here, unnecessary, management
layer to a biomass energy plant’s business plan. Recovery of capital expenditure through fuel savings and
avoided disposal costs is the simplest pathway form a bus
HEAT’ FOR CITY WATER SYSTEM
produced thermal energy is the Kotzebue ‘Add
Heat system currently heats treated water
prevent freezes. Kotzebue Electric Association (KEA)
into the return portion of the lagoon Loop water line
r is blended the rest of the city water supply. The water is heated to an average of 60 deg F,
at an average flow (return) of 193 gpm, resulting in an average heat input of 982,600 Btu/hr, or over 23.5
fired heating is availabl
ity based on Btu content, at approximately 87.5% of the price of
$40/MM Btu going into the 2012/2013 heating season)
eady water supply to its residents.
Kotzebue City
WaterTreatment
Facility
7,864,266
7,871,092
12,117,572
5,168,530
6,643,068
2,748,000
3,369,181
3,545,806
6,551,461
7,558,995
8,129,500
14,032,529
7,133,333
2,611,324,785
17,427,639
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Additional energy demand centers, such as the school district complex, Maniilaq Hospital, and others were
not polled for their interest level or logistical feasibility of converting to biomass
party consumers adds a difficult, and as shown here, unnecessary, management
layer to a biomass energy plant’s business plan. Recovery of capital expenditure through fuel savings and
avoided disposal costs is the simplest pathway form a business and logistics standpoint.
produced thermal energy is the Kotzebue ‘Add
Heat system currently heats treated water prior to distribution in the
prevent freezes. Kotzebue Electric Association (KEA)provides waste heat from its diesel
into the return portion of the lagoon Loop water line to serve this heating need, on a contract with the City
r is blended the rest of the city water supply. The water is heated to an average of 60 deg F,
at an average flow (return) of 193 gpm, resulting in an average heat input of 982,600 Btu/hr, or over 23.5
fired heating is available at the WT
ity based on Btu content, at approximately 87.5% of the price of
$40/MM Btu going into the 2012/2013 heating season).
eady water supply to its residents.Table 4-3 below shows the five
Kotzebue City
Maintenance
Shop
4,314,803
6,404,768
9,789,307
3,299,432
3,739,939
2,561,136
2,603,952
2,660,241
2,061,229
3,213,609
4,465,500
10,362,619
4,623,045
1,691,373,390
14,963,303
Additional energy demand centers, such as the school district complex, Maniilaq Hospital, and others were
not polled for their interest level or logistical feasibility of converting to biomass
party consumers adds a difficult, and as shown here, unnecessary, management
layer to a biomass energy plant’s business plan. Recovery of capital expenditure through fuel savings and
iness and logistics standpoint.
produced thermal energy is the Kotzebue ‘Add
prior to distribution in the
waste heat from its diesel
to serve this heating need, on a contract with the City
r is blended the rest of the city water supply. The water is heated to an average of 60 deg F,
at an average flow (return) of 193 gpm, resulting in an average heat input of 982,600 Btu/hr, or over 23.5
e at the WTP itself, but is
ity based on Btu content, at approximately 87.5% of the price of
.Kotzebue requires an average of
below shows the five
Kotzebue City
Maintenance Scenario1District
EnergySystemTotal
4,314,803
6,404,768
9,789,307
3,299,432
3,739,939
2,561,136
2,603,952
2,660,241
2,061,229
3,213,609
4,465,500
10,362,619
4,623,045
1,691,373,390 4,302,698,175
14,963,303
Additional energy demand centers, such as the school district complex, Maniilaq Hospital, and others were
not polled for their interest level or logistical feasibility of converting to biomass-supplied energy. Metering
party consumers adds a difficult, and as shown here, unnecessary, management
layer to a biomass energy plant’s business plan. Recovery of capital expenditure through fuel savings and
iness and logistics standpoint.
produced thermal energy is the Kotzebue ‘Add-Heat’
prior to distribution in the
waste heat from its diesel-
to serve this heating need, on a contract with the City
r is blended the rest of the city water supply. The water is heated to an average of 60 deg F,
at an average flow (return) of 193 gpm, resulting in an average heat input of 982,600 Btu/hr, or over 23.5
itself, but is reportedly
ity based on Btu content, at approximately 87.5% of the price of
Kotzebue requires an average of
below shows the five-year historical Add
Scenario1District
EnergySystemTotal
13,759,170
16,438,102
25,290,465
9,798,452
11,563,761
5,968,656
6,655,700
6,827,450
9,071,148
12,102,281
15,938,400
27,757,016
11,756,378
4,302,698,175
32,390,942
December 2012
Additional energy demand centers, such as the school district complex, Maniilaq Hospital, and others were
supplied energy. Metering
party consumers adds a difficult, and as shown here, unnecessary, management
layer to a biomass energy plant’s business plan. Recovery of capital expenditure through fuel savings and
Heat’city water heating
city water loops to
-electric generators
to serve this heating need, on a contract with the City
r is blended the rest of the city water supply. The water is heated to an average of 60 deg F,
at an average flow (return) of 193 gpm, resulting in an average heat input of 982,600 Btu/hr, or over 23.5
reportedly rarely used.
ity based on Btu content, at approximately 87.5% of the price of heating
Kotzebue requires an average of 171 heating
year historical Add
December 2012
Additional energy demand centers, such as the school district complex, Maniilaq Hospital, and others were
supplied energy. Metering
party consumers adds a difficult, and as shown here, unnecessary, management
layer to a biomass energy plant’s business plan. Recovery of capital expenditure through fuel savings and
city water heating
city water loops to
electric generators
to serve this heating need, on a contract with the City.
r is blended the rest of the city water supply. The water is heated to an average of 60 deg F,
at an average flow (return) of 193 gpm, resulting in an average heat input of 982,600 Btu/hr, or over 23.5
rarely used.
heating fuel
171 heating
year historical Add-Heat
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
4-4
Table
KEA is currently in the process of overhauling its energy generation portfolio, focusing on
on renewable energy with
panels. As well, KEA is scheduled to replace sev
units that produce less waste heat.
its waste heat prod
equipment is installed.
above, can supplement the Add
feedstocks availabl
energy, rather than replacing the system outright
fuel oil use elsewhere within
4.1.4 PREHEATING
Alternately,
treatment process, in addition to avoiding freeze
is expected to benefit
if the proposed redesign of the WTP goes forward. The advanced water treatment technologies, including
micro-and nano
the existing location at the Public Works campus, or it may be re
raw water distribution line from Vortak L
upon the construction of a new WTP.
average of
220 gpm from 34
than the demand for heating all of the public buildings in Kotzebue,
After accounting for production and heat transfer inefficiencies,
MSW gasifier system
WTP.The RDF boiler scenario, as proposed, will supply approximately 25% of the needed energy.
Nov07-May08
Oct08-Apr09
Nov09-Apr10
Nov10-Apr11
Nov11-May12
Average
* Calculated using "Advantage Engineering BTU Calculator"
http://www.advantageengineering.com/fyi/288/advantageFYI288.php
Date
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
Table 4-3: Kotzebue / KEA Add
rrently in the process of overhauling its energy generation portfolio, focusing on
on renewable energy with
panels. As well, KEA is scheduled to replace sev
units that produce less waste heat.
its waste heat production as the c
equipment is installed.
above, can supplement the Add
feedstocks available, it is recommended that the
, rather than replacing the system outright
fuel oil use elsewhere within
PREHEATING ‘ADD
Alternately,Add-Heat energy can
treatment process, in addition to avoiding freeze
is expected to benefit somewhat from higher
if the proposed redesign of the WTP goes forward. The advanced water treatment technologies, including
and nano-filtration, operate at an optimal water temperature of
the existing location at the Public Works campus, or it may be re
raw water distribution line from Vortak L
n the construction of a new WTP.
average of 34°F, based on monitoring conducted by WH Pacific
220 gpm from 34°F to 45
than the demand for heating all of the public buildings in Kotzebue,
After accounting for production and heat transfer inefficiencies,
MSW gasifier system very closely matches the demand curve of an
The RDF boiler scenario, as proposed, will supply approximately 25% of the needed energy.
Nov07-May08
Oct08-Apr09
Nov09-Apr10
Nov10-Apr11
Nov11-May12
Average
* Calculated using "Advantage Engineering BTU Calculator"
http://www.advantageengineering.com/fyi/288/advantageFYI288.php
Operating
Date
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
: Kotzebue / KEA Add
rrently in the process of overhauling its energy generation portfolio, focusing on
on renewable energy with more turbines at the
panels. As well, KEA is scheduled to replace sev
units that produce less waste heat.KEA has indicated that it can continue to provide as much Add
uction as the city needs, but that issue will have to be revisite
equipment is installed.A biomass energy plant
above, can supplement the Add-Heat system
e, it is recommended that the
, rather than replacing the system outright
fuel oil use elsewhere within Kotzebue
‘ADD-HEAT’ FOR
Heat energy can be injected into the
treatment process, in addition to avoiding freeze
somewhat from higher
if the proposed redesign of the WTP goes forward. The advanced water treatment technologies, including
filtration, operate at an optimal water temperature of
the existing location at the Public Works campus, or it may be re
raw water distribution line from Vortak L
n the construction of a new WTP.
F, based on monitoring conducted by WH Pacific
F to 45°F is expected to consume 1,
than the demand for heating all of the public buildings in Kotzebue,
After accounting for production and heat transfer inefficiencies,
very closely matches the demand curve of an
The RDF boiler scenario, as proposed, will supply approximately 25% of the needed energy.
Flow
(gpm)
173
182
157
147
196
171
* Calculated using "Advantage Engineering BTU Calculator"
http://www.advantageengineering.com/fyi/288/advantageFYI288.php
Operating
Days
FEASIBILITY STUDY
: Kotzebue / KEA Add-Heat System Parameters
rrently in the process of overhauling its energy generation portfolio, focusing on
more turbines at the
panels. As well, KEA is scheduled to replace several if its diesel
KEA has indicated that it can continue to provide as much Add
ity needs, but that issue will have to be revisite
A biomass energy plant heating
Heat system if a shortfall arises. Considering the finite amount of biomass
e, it is recommended that the
, rather than replacing the system outright
Kotzebue.
HEAT’ FOR CITY WATER SYSTEM
be injected into the
treatment process, in addition to avoiding freeze-ups in the distribution pipes. The present treatment system
somewhat from higher-temperature water, but this option becomes much more viable
if the proposed redesign of the WTP goes forward. The advanced water treatment technologies, including
filtration, operate at an optimal water temperature of
the existing location at the Public Works campus, or it may be re
raw water distribution line from Vortak Lake.This is therefore considered a long
n the construction of a new WTP.Ambient i
F, based on monitoring conducted by WH Pacific
F is expected to consume 1,
than the demand for heating all of the public buildings in Kotzebue,
After accounting for production and heat transfer inefficiencies,
very closely matches the demand curve of an
The RDF boiler scenario, as proposed, will supply approximately 25% of the needed energy.
Flow Temp.
(gpm)(deg. F)
239
227
229
239
224
232
* Calculated using "Advantage Engineering BTU Calculator"
http://www.advantageengineering.com/fyi/288/advantageFYI288.php
Supply
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Heat System Parameters
rrently in the process of overhauling its energy generation portfolio, focusing on
local wind farm and testing
eral if its diesel
KEA has indicated that it can continue to provide as much Add
ity needs, but that issue will have to be revisite
heating the WTP and Maintenance building, as described
if a shortfall arises. Considering the finite amount of biomass
e, it is recommended that the city only supplement the
, rather than replacing the system outright. The Btu’s produced are better used to directly displace
CITY WATER SYSTEM
be injected into the front end of the water treatment to assist in the
ups in the distribution pipes. The present treatment system
temperature water, but this option becomes much more viable
if the proposed redesign of the WTP goes forward. The advanced water treatment technologies, including
filtration, operate at an optimal water temperature of
the existing location at the Public Works campus, or it may be re
This is therefore considered a long
mbient inlet water temperature
F, based on monitoring conducted by WH Pacific
F is expected to consume 1,610,000 Btu/hr
than the demand for heating all of the public buildings in Kotzebue,
After accounting for production and heat transfer inefficiencies,
very closely matches the demand curve of an
The RDF boiler scenario, as proposed, will supply approximately 25% of the needed energy.
Temp.Flow
(deg. F)(gpm)
53 199
51 187
48 188
47 200
47 189
49 193
* Calculated using "Advantage Engineering BTU Calculator"
http://www.advantageengineering.com/fyi/288/advantageFYI288.php
Return
rrently in the process of overhauling its energy generation portfolio, focusing on
local wind farm and testing
eral if its diesel –electric gensets with newer, more efficient
KEA has indicated that it can continue to provide as much Add
ity needs, but that issue will have to be revisite
the WTP and Maintenance building, as described
if a shortfall arises. Considering the finite amount of biomass
ity only supplement the
. The Btu’s produced are better used to directly displace
CITY WATER SYSTEM
front end of the water treatment to assist in the
ups in the distribution pipes. The present treatment system
temperature water, but this option becomes much more viable
if the proposed redesign of the WTP goes forward. The advanced water treatment technologies, including
filtration, operate at an optimal water temperature of 45°F.
the existing location at the Public Works campus, or it may be re-located to the Hillside area
This is therefore considered a long
nlet water temperature at the WTP is a
F, based on monitoring conducted by WH Pacific, at a flow rate averaging 220 gpm
610,000 Btu/hr, or 38.68 MM Btu/day.
than the demand for heating all of the public buildings in Kotzebue,as calculated in Section 4.1.1.
After accounting for production and heat transfer inefficiencies,it is expected that
very closely matches the demand curve of an Add-Heat preheat
The RDF boiler scenario, as proposed, will supply approximately 25% of the needed energy.
Temp.
(deg. F)
199 63
187 63
188 58
200 58
189 55
193 59
Daily Load
http://www.advantageengineering.com/fyi/288/advantageFYI288.php
Return
rrently in the process of overhauling its energy generation portfolio, focusing on
local wind farm and testing and potential rollout
electric gensets with newer, more efficient
KEA has indicated that it can continue to provide as much Add
ity needs, but that issue will have to be revisited in future years as the new
the WTP and Maintenance building, as described
if a shortfall arises. Considering the finite amount of biomass
ity only supplement the Add-Heat system with biomass
. The Btu’s produced are better used to directly displace
front end of the water treatment to assist in the
ups in the distribution pipes. The present treatment system
temperature water, but this option becomes much more viable
if the proposed redesign of the WTP goes forward. The advanced water treatment technologies, including
F.The WTP may be re
to the Hillside area
This is therefore considered a long-term option, contingent
at the WTP is a
, at a flow rate averaging 220 gpm
, or 38.68 MM Btu/day.
as calculated in Section 4.1.1.
t is expected that output of
Heat preheater
The RDF boiler scenario, as proposed, will supply approximately 25% of the needed energy.
BTU/hr*
63 995,000
63 1,122,000
58 940,000
58 1,100,000
55 756,000
59 982,600
Daily Load 23,582,400
December 2012
rrently in the process of overhauling its energy generation portfolio, focusing on increasing reliance
and potential rollout of solar
electric gensets with newer, more efficient
KEA has indicated that it can continue to provide as much Add-Heat from
d in future years as the new
the WTP and Maintenance building, as described
if a shortfall arises. Considering the finite amount of biomass
Heat system with biomass
. The Btu’s produced are better used to directly displace
front end of the water treatment to assist in the
ups in the distribution pipes. The present treatment system
temperature water, but this option becomes much more viable
if the proposed redesign of the WTP goes forward. The advanced water treatment technologies, including
The WTP may be re-designed at
to the Hillside area town,along the
term option, contingent
at the WTP is a relatively steady
, at a flow rate averaging 220 gpm.Heating
, or 38.68 MM Btu/day.This is greater
as calculated in Section 4.1.1..
output of the proposed
er for a re-designed
The RDF boiler scenario, as proposed, will supply approximately 25% of the needed energy.
BTU/hr*
995,000
1,122,000
940,000
1,100,000
756,000
982,600
23,582,400
December 2012
increasing reliance
of solar
electric gensets with newer, more efficient
Heat from
d in future years as the new
the WTP and Maintenance building, as described
if a shortfall arises. Considering the finite amount of biomass
Heat system with biomass
. The Btu’s produced are better used to directly displace
front end of the water treatment to assist in the
ups in the distribution pipes. The present treatment system
temperature water, but this option becomes much more viable
if the proposed redesign of the WTP goes forward. The advanced water treatment technologies, including
designed at
along the
term option, contingent
relatively steady
Heating
is is greater
roposed
designed
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
4-5
4.2 PROJECT SITING
The selection of a prope
feedstock delivery trucks) and utility availability (i.e., electrical and substation access),
into account issues such as the environmental impact, the statu
technology, the ability to expand production as required
analysis with assis
The drivers for siting of the biomass energy facility inclu
1.Proximity to energy user (load)
2.Land owned or controlled by project stakeholders
3.Compliance with city Zoning Code
4.Accepted by neighboring landowners
5.Compliance with County, State, and Federal regulations
6.Access
Steam piping
over 1,000’ between source and use is not recommended due to piping cost and energy loss over the pipe
run. In this project as in most, proximity to the end users of the energy produced is the single largest
determining factor in facility siting.
The city of Kotzebue has no zoning laws, thus zoning is less important, but land ownership and potential
impacts to nei
a biomass
impact the community.
features to comply with applicable safety
At present it does not appear that the land and space requirements for either of the proposed plant
scenarios
processing equipment indicates the process building will be within the range of existing industrial buildings in
Kotzebue.
detail in Section 5.
In and around Kotzebue are many areas with preliminary wetland
Wetlands Inventory (NWI).
have a designation, but standing water was noted in one of the areas identified as suitable for plant siting.
These designations are for planning purposes only, and it is likely the sites will qualify for development under
a national Wide permit with t
site selection.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
PROJECT SITING
The selection of a prope
feedstock delivery trucks) and utility availability (i.e., electrical and substation access),
into account issues such as the environmental impact, the statu
technology, the ability to expand production as required
analysis with assistance from project partner DOWL
The drivers for siting of the biomass energy facility inclu
Proximity to energy user (load)
Land owned or controlled by project stakeholders
Compliance with city Zoning Code
Accepted by neighboring landowners
Compliance with County, State, and Federal regulations
Access to feedstock delivery and storage
Steam piping and hot water
over 1,000’ between source and use is not recommended due to piping cost and energy loss over the pipe
this project as in most, proximity to the end users of the energy produced is the single largest
determining factor in facility siting.
ity of Kotzebue has no zoning laws, thus zoning is less important, but land ownership and potential
impacts to neighbors of the biomass plant are both critical siting factors.
a biomass power plant is minimal, there still remains a need to ensure that such a facility does not negatively
impact the community.
features to comply with applicable safety
At present it does not appear that the land and space requirements for either of the proposed plant
scenarios will be a limiting factor in site sele
processing equipment indicates the process building will be within the range of existing industrial buildings in
.Process building and storage requirements for the biomass energy pla
Section 5.
In and around Kotzebue are many areas with preliminary wetland
Wetlands Inventory (NWI).
have a designation, but standing water was noted in one of the areas identified as suitable for plant siting.
These designations are for planning purposes only, and it is likely the sites will qualify for development under
a national Wide permit with t
site selection.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
PROJECT SITING ASSESSMENT
The selection of a proper site encompasses many issues
feedstock delivery trucks) and utility availability (i.e., electrical and substation access),
into account issues such as the environmental impact, the statu
technology, the ability to expand production as required
tance from project partner DOWL
The drivers for siting of the biomass energy facility inclu
Proximity to energy user (load)
Land owned or controlled by project stakeholders
Compliance with city Zoning Code
Accepted by neighboring landowners
Compliance with County, State, and Federal regulations
to feedstock delivery and storage
hot water piping are
over 1,000’ between source and use is not recommended due to piping cost and energy loss over the pipe
this project as in most, proximity to the end users of the energy produced is the single largest
determining factor in facility siting.
ity of Kotzebue has no zoning laws, thus zoning is less important, but land ownership and potential
ghbors of the biomass plant are both critical siting factors.
plant is minimal, there still remains a need to ensure that such a facility does not negatively
impact the community.The plant will also need
features to comply with applicable safety
At present it does not appear that the land and space requirements for either of the proposed plant
will be a limiting factor in site sele
processing equipment indicates the process building will be within the range of existing industrial buildings in
Process building and storage requirements for the biomass energy pla
In and around Kotzebue are many areas with preliminary wetland
Wetlands Inventory (NWI).Sites 2 and 3 are designated as ‘freshwater emergent wetlands’.
have a designation, but standing water was noted in one of the areas identified as suitable for plant siting.
These designations are for planning purposes only, and it is likely the sites will qualify for development under
a national Wide permit with the designations.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
ASSESSMENT
r site encompasses many issues
feedstock delivery trucks) and utility availability (i.e., electrical and substation access),
into account issues such as the environmental impact, the statu
technology, the ability to expand production as required
tance from project partner DOWL
The drivers for siting of the biomass energy facility inclu
Proximity to energy user (load)
Land owned or controlled by project stakeholders
Compliance with city Zoning Code
Accepted by neighboring landowners
Compliance with County, State, and Federal regulations
to feedstock delivery and storage
are predominantly
over 1,000’ between source and use is not recommended due to piping cost and energy loss over the pipe
this project as in most, proximity to the end users of the energy produced is the single largest
ity of Kotzebue has no zoning laws, thus zoning is less important, but land ownership and potential
ghbors of the biomass plant are both critical siting factors.
plant is minimal, there still remains a need to ensure that such a facility does not negatively
The plant will also need
features to comply with applicable safety regulations
At present it does not appear that the land and space requirements for either of the proposed plant
will be a limiting factor in site selection.
processing equipment indicates the process building will be within the range of existing industrial buildings in
Process building and storage requirements for the biomass energy pla
In and around Kotzebue are many areas with preliminary wetland
Sites 2 and 3 are designated as ‘freshwater emergent wetlands’.
have a designation, but standing water was noted in one of the areas identified as suitable for plant siting.
These designations are for planning purposes only, and it is likely the sites will qualify for development under
he designations.An onsite delineation survey
FEASIBILITY STUDY
r site encompasses many issues, such as
feedstock delivery trucks) and utility availability (i.e., electrical and substation access),
into account issues such as the environmental impact, the statu
technology, the ability to expand production as required,and more.
tance from project partner DOWL HKM.
The drivers for siting of the biomass energy facility include (ranked in
Land owned or controlled by project stakeholders
Compliance with County, State, and Federal regulations
predominantly the limiting
over 1,000’ between source and use is not recommended due to piping cost and energy loss over the pipe
this project as in most, proximity to the end users of the energy produced is the single largest
ity of Kotzebue has no zoning laws, thus zoning is less important, but land ownership and potential
ghbors of the biomass plant are both critical siting factors.
plant is minimal, there still remains a need to ensure that such a facility does not negatively
The plant will also need to be designed with appropriate setbacks and safety
regulations.
At present it does not appear that the land and space requirements for either of the proposed plant
ction.Bulk feedstock
processing equipment indicates the process building will be within the range of existing industrial buildings in
Process building and storage requirements for the biomass energy pla
In and around Kotzebue are many areas with preliminary wetland
Sites 2 and 3 are designated as ‘freshwater emergent wetlands’.
have a designation, but standing water was noted in one of the areas identified as suitable for plant siting.
These designations are for planning purposes only, and it is likely the sites will qualify for development under
An onsite delineation survey
, such as transportation (i.e., road access for
feedstock delivery trucks) and utility availability (i.e., electrical and substation access),
into account issues such as the environmental impact, the status of current and future production
and more.Tetra Tech conducted a project siting
de (ranked in relative
Compliance with County, State, and Federal regulations
limiting factor in project siting, and a dist
over 1,000’ between source and use is not recommended due to piping cost and energy loss over the pipe
this project as in most, proximity to the end users of the energy produced is the single largest
ity of Kotzebue has no zoning laws, thus zoning is less important, but land ownership and potential
ghbors of the biomass plant are both critical siting factors.While the environmental impact of
plant is minimal, there still remains a need to ensure that such a facility does not negatively
to be designed with appropriate setbacks and safety
At present it does not appear that the land and space requirements for either of the proposed plant
feedstock storage appears to be minimal, and plant
processing equipment indicates the process building will be within the range of existing industrial buildings in
Process building and storage requirements for the biomass energy pla
In and around Kotzebue are many areas with preliminary wetland designation in the Kotzebue National
Sites 2 and 3 are designated as ‘freshwater emergent wetlands’.
have a designation, but standing water was noted in one of the areas identified as suitable for plant siting.
These designations are for planning purposes only, and it is likely the sites will qualify for development under
An onsite delineation survey
transportation (i.e., road access for
feedstock delivery trucks) and utility availability (i.e., electrical and substation access),but also should take
s of current and future production
Tetra Tech conducted a project siting
relative order of importance):
factor in project siting, and a dist
over 1,000’ between source and use is not recommended due to piping cost and energy loss over the pipe
this project as in most, proximity to the end users of the energy produced is the single largest
ity of Kotzebue has no zoning laws, thus zoning is less important, but land ownership and potential
While the environmental impact of
plant is minimal, there still remains a need to ensure that such a facility does not negatively
to be designed with appropriate setbacks and safety
At present it does not appear that the land and space requirements for either of the proposed plant
appears to be minimal, and plant
processing equipment indicates the process building will be within the range of existing industrial buildings in
Process building and storage requirements for the biomass energy plant are described in
designation in the Kotzebue National
Sites 2 and 3 are designated as ‘freshwater emergent wetlands’.
have a designation, but standing water was noted in one of the areas identified as suitable for plant siting.
These designations are for planning purposes only, and it is likely the sites will qualify for development under
An onsite delineation survey is recommended
December 2012
transportation (i.e., road access for
but also should take
s of current and future production
Tetra Tech conducted a project siting
order of importance):
factor in project siting, and a distance of
over 1,000’ between source and use is not recommended due to piping cost and energy loss over the pipe
this project as in most, proximity to the end users of the energy produced is the single largest
ity of Kotzebue has no zoning laws, thus zoning is less important, but land ownership and potential
While the environmental impact of
plant is minimal, there still remains a need to ensure that such a facility does not negatively
to be designed with appropriate setbacks and safety
At present it does not appear that the land and space requirements for either of the proposed plant
appears to be minimal, and plant
processing equipment indicates the process building will be within the range of existing industrial buildings in
nt are described in greater
designation in the Kotzebue National
Sites 2 and 3 are designated as ‘freshwater emergent wetlands’.Site 1 does n
have a designation, but standing water was noted in one of the areas identified as suitable for plant siting.
These designations are for planning purposes only, and it is likely the sites will qualify for development under
is recommended prior to
December 2012
transportation (i.e., road access for
but also should take
s of current and future production
Tetra Tech conducted a project siting
ance of
over 1,000’ between source and use is not recommended due to piping cost and energy loss over the pipe
this project as in most, proximity to the end users of the energy produced is the single largest
ity of Kotzebue has no zoning laws, thus zoning is less important, but land ownership and potential
While the environmental impact of
plant is minimal, there still remains a need to ensure that such a facility does not negatively
to be designed with appropriate setbacks and safety
At present it does not appear that the land and space requirements for either of the proposed plant
appears to be minimal, and plant
processing equipment indicates the process building will be within the range of existing industrial buildings in
greater
designation in the Kotzebue National
Site 1 does not
have a designation, but standing water was noted in one of the areas identified as suitable for plant siting.
These designations are for planning purposes only, and it is likely the sites will qualify for development under
prior to final
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
4-6
A map of Kotzebue
of the preliminary wetland delineations in the
4.2.1 SITE 1:
Several available locations at the Kotzebue Public Works campus are suitable for construction of a biomass
energy plant, including to the west of the Bailer
northeast of th
Siting at the Public Works campus carries a number of project benefits, including
source and energy users)
producing renewab
system is logistically feasible at this prospective site. Hot water distribution piping is minimal in either plant
configuration. As well, Kotzebue already owns and contro
and reduce safety requirements at the site.
There are also potential drawbacks to these sites.
available unused land at a premium in the city, the si
residential property to the southeast.
than a smaller
facility processing pre
noise, visual, emissions, or other impacts.
An additional consideration is that there is
Building.
Swan Lake Boat Harbor upgrades project,
4.2.2 SITE 2: HILLSIDE
The Hillside
plant site. The
the 2009 Sanitation Master Plan to locate
The area has been platted and lots subdivided, with the
area.Kikiktagaruk Inupiat Corporation (KIC) owns the surrounding land.
area and approximate site location, from the city looking east.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
Kotzebue identifying the prospective sites follows the
of the preliminary wetland delineations in the
SITE 1:PUBLIC WORKS FACILIT
available locations at the Kotzebue Public Works campus are suitable for construction of a biomass
energy plant, including to the west of the Bailer
northeast of the WTP and
Siting at the Public Works campus carries a number of project benefits, including
source and energy users)
producing renewable energy to serve either space heating at city
system is logistically feasible at this prospective site. Hot water distribution piping is minimal in either plant
configuration. As well, Kotzebue already owns and contro
and reduce safety requirements at the site.
There are also potential drawbacks to these sites.
available unused land at a premium in the city, the si
residential property to the southeast.
than a smaller-scale RDF boiler
processing pre-sorted feedstock
noise, visual, emissions, or other impacts.
An additional consideration is that there is
The city has considered filling the standing water area with dredged material from the upcoming
Swan Lake Boat Harbor upgrades project,
SITE 2: HILLSIDE
Hillside area to the southeast of Kotzebue is
. The city of Kotzebue has plans to develop areas of the hillside for residential use
the 2009 Sanitation Master Plan to locate
The area has been platted and lots subdivided, with the
Kikiktagaruk Inupiat Corporation (KIC) owns the surrounding land.
area and approximate site location, from the city looking east.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
identifying the prospective sites follows the
of the preliminary wetland delineations in the
PUBLIC WORKS FACILIT
available locations at the Kotzebue Public Works campus are suitable for construction of a biomass
energy plant, including to the west of the Bailer
e WTP and water tanks.
Siting at the Public Works campus carries a number of project benefits, including
source and energy users)and land ownership and control. Regarding distance to potential energy users,
le energy to serve either space heating at city
system is logistically feasible at this prospective site. Hot water distribution piping is minimal in either plant
configuration. As well, Kotzebue already owns and contro
and reduce safety requirements at the site.
There are also potential drawbacks to these sites.
available unused land at a premium in the city, the si
residential property to the southeast.
scale RDF boiler, which is expected to have greater noise, odor, and air emis
sorted feedstock
noise, visual, emissions, or other impacts.
An additional consideration is that there is
has considered filling the standing water area with dredged material from the upcoming
Swan Lake Boat Harbor upgrades project,
SITE 2: HILLSIDE
area to the southeast of Kotzebue is
ity of Kotzebue has plans to develop areas of the hillside for residential use
the 2009 Sanitation Master Plan to locate
The area has been platted and lots subdivided, with the
Kikiktagaruk Inupiat Corporation (KIC) owns the surrounding land.
area and approximate site location, from the city looking east.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
identifying the prospective sites follows the
of the preliminary wetland delineations in the city.
PUBLIC WORKS FACILITY
available locations at the Kotzebue Public Works campus are suitable for construction of a biomass
energy plant, including to the west of the Bailer
tanks.
Siting at the Public Works campus carries a number of project benefits, including
and land ownership and control. Regarding distance to potential energy users,
le energy to serve either space heating at city
system is logistically feasible at this prospective site. Hot water distribution piping is minimal in either plant
configuration. As well, Kotzebue already owns and contro
and reduce safety requirements at the site.
There are also potential drawbacks to these sites.
available unused land at a premium in the city, the si
residential property to the southeast.This is more of a challenge to a large
, which is expected to have greater noise, odor, and air emis
sorted feedstock.This location is the most sensitive of the sites identified to
noise, visual, emissions, or other impacts.
An additional consideration is that there is currently standing water in the area
has considered filling the standing water area with dredged material from the upcoming
Swan Lake Boat Harbor upgrades project,thus creating a location for the facility.
area to the southeast of Kotzebue is
ity of Kotzebue has plans to develop areas of the hillside for residential use
the 2009 Sanitation Master Plan to locate a new w
The area has been platted and lots subdivided, with the
Kikiktagaruk Inupiat Corporation (KIC) owns the surrounding land.
area and approximate site location, from the city looking east.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
identifying the prospective sites follows the
.
available locations at the Kotzebue Public Works campus are suitable for construction of a biomass
energy plant, including to the west of the Bailer building and vehicle storage Quonset hut, and to the
Siting at the Public Works campus carries a number of project benefits, including
and land ownership and control. Regarding distance to potential energy users,
le energy to serve either space heating at city
system is logistically feasible at this prospective site. Hot water distribution piping is minimal in either plant
configuration. As well, Kotzebue already owns and controls access to this land, which will speed permitting
There are also potential drawbacks to these sites.For one, the available space is limited.
available unused land at a premium in the city, the site is bordered closely by facilities on all sides, and
This is more of a challenge to a large
, which is expected to have greater noise, odor, and air emis
This location is the most sensitive of the sites identified to
currently standing water in the area
has considered filling the standing water area with dredged material from the upcoming
creating a location for the facility.
area to the southeast of Kotzebue is also under consideration as a potential
ity of Kotzebue has plans to develop areas of the hillside for residential use
a new water treatment plant
The area has been platted and lots subdivided, with the city of Kotzebue owning the majority of lots in this
Kikiktagaruk Inupiat Corporation (KIC) owns the surrounding land.
area and approximate site location, from the city looking east.
identifying the prospective sites follows the discussion (Figure
available locations at the Kotzebue Public Works campus are suitable for construction of a biomass
uilding and vehicle storage Quonset hut, and to the
Siting at the Public Works campus carries a number of project benefits, including
and land ownership and control. Regarding distance to potential energy users,
le energy to serve either space heating at city-owned buildings or the
system is logistically feasible at this prospective site. Hot water distribution piping is minimal in either plant
ls access to this land, which will speed permitting
For one, the available space is limited.
te is bordered closely by facilities on all sides, and
This is more of a challenge to a large
, which is expected to have greater noise, odor, and air emis
This location is the most sensitive of the sites identified to
currently standing water in the area
has considered filling the standing water area with dredged material from the upcoming
creating a location for the facility.
under consideration as a potential
ity of Kotzebue has plans to develop areas of the hillside for residential use
ater treatment plant on the east side of the Hillside area
ity of Kotzebue owning the majority of lots in this
Kikiktagaruk Inupiat Corporation (KIC) owns the surrounding land.Figure
(Figure 4-2), and
available locations at the Kotzebue Public Works campus are suitable for construction of a biomass
uilding and vehicle storage Quonset hut, and to the
Siting at the Public Works campus carries a number of project benefits, including proximity
and land ownership and control. Regarding distance to potential energy users,
owned buildings or the
system is logistically feasible at this prospective site. Hot water distribution piping is minimal in either plant
ls access to this land, which will speed permitting
For one, the available space is limited.
te is bordered closely by facilities on all sides, and
This is more of a challenge to a large-scale MSW gasification system
, which is expected to have greater noise, odor, and air emis
This location is the most sensitive of the sites identified to
currently standing water in the area to the west of the bailer
has considered filling the standing water area with dredged material from the upcoming
creating a location for the facility.
under consideration as a potential
ity of Kotzebue has plans to develop areas of the hillside for residential use
on the east side of the Hillside area
ity of Kotzebue owning the majority of lots in this
Figure 4-1 is a picture of Hillside
December 2012
, and includes overlays
available locations at the Kotzebue Public Works campus are suitable for construction of a biomass
uilding and vehicle storage Quonset hut, and to the
proximity (both to feedstock
and land ownership and control. Regarding distance to potential energy users,
owned buildings or the city Add
system is logistically feasible at this prospective site. Hot water distribution piping is minimal in either plant
ls access to this land, which will speed permitting
For one, the available space is limited.Not only is
te is bordered closely by facilities on all sides, and
scale MSW gasification system
, which is expected to have greater noise, odor, and air emissions than a
This location is the most sensitive of the sites identified to potential
the west of the bailer
has considered filling the standing water area with dredged material from the upcoming
under consideration as a potential biomass energy
ity of Kotzebue has plans to develop areas of the hillside for residential use, and proposed in
on the east side of the Hillside area
ity of Kotzebue owning the majority of lots in this
is a picture of Hillside
December 2012
includes overlays
available locations at the Kotzebue Public Works campus are suitable for construction of a biomass
uilding and vehicle storage Quonset hut, and to the
(both to feedstock
and land ownership and control. Regarding distance to potential energy users,
ity Add-Heat
system is logistically feasible at this prospective site. Hot water distribution piping is minimal in either plant
ls access to this land, which will speed permitting
Not only is
te is bordered closely by facilities on all sides, and
scale MSW gasification system
than a
potential
the west of the bailer
has considered filling the standing water area with dredged material from the upcoming
energy
, and proposed in
on the east side of the Hillside area.
ity of Kotzebue owning the majority of lots in this
is a picture of Hillside
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
4-7
Figure
The hillside siting offers the advantage that a proposed biomass f
water treatment plant, making an “add heat” system logistically simple. Once again though, if the biomass is
insufficient in providing all the required “add heat”, a separate “add heat” system would also be requi
Since this area is not fully developed, the facility size is not as important. Lots could be combined or a new
lot, altogether, could be developed for this facility.
This location has
configuration of any size facility.
The infrastructure on the hillside is underdeveloped.
would be required for
years before construction begins.
Thermal energy produced by a facility at this location can only be used for heating city water, as a
supplement or a replacement to
the entire production of with an RDF Boiler or an MSW Gasifier system at this location. Outlets for any
additional produced energy would be limited to building heat for the redesigned W
4.2.3 SITE 3: CITY INDUSTR
A third alternate plant site
This location would allow smoke stack emissions to be concentrated in one area, instead of
out over the
Regional Corporation
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
Figure 4-1:Photo of Hillside Area and Site 2
The hillside siting offers the advantage that a proposed biomass f
water treatment plant, making an “add heat” system logistically simple. Once again though, if the biomass is
insufficient in providing all the required “add heat”, a separate “add heat” system would also be requi
Since this area is not fully developed, the facility size is not as important. Lots could be combined or a new
lot, altogether, could be developed for this facility.
This location has several advantages, including
configuration of any size facility.
The infrastructure on the hillside is underdeveloped.
would be required for development of the site.
before construction begins.
Thermal energy produced by a facility at this location can only be used for heating city water, as a
supplement or a replacement to
the entire production of with an RDF Boiler or an MSW Gasifier system at this location. Outlets for any
additional produced energy would be limited to building heat for the redesigned W
SITE 3: CITY INDUSTR
A third alternate plant site
This location would allow smoke stack emissions to be concentrated in one area, instead of
out over the city. The lots directly south of the power plant are an option. These are owned by NANA
Regional Corporation, and it is likely that a transfer of ownership could be arranged for plant siting
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
Photo of Hillside Area and Site 2
The hillside siting offers the advantage that a proposed biomass f
water treatment plant, making an “add heat” system logistically simple. Once again though, if the biomass is
insufficient in providing all the required “add heat”, a separate “add heat” system would also be requi
Since this area is not fully developed, the facility size is not as important. Lots could be combined or a new
lot, altogether, could be developed for this facility.
veral advantages, including
configuration of any size facility.
The infrastructure on the hillside is underdeveloped.
development of the site.
before construction begins.
Thermal energy produced by a facility at this location can only be used for heating city water, as a
supplement or a replacement to the current Add
the entire production of with an RDF Boiler or an MSW Gasifier system at this location. Outlets for any
additional produced energy would be limited to building heat for the redesigned W
SITE 3: CITY INDUSTRIAL SECTOR NEAR KEA
A third alternate plant site could be located near the KEA Power plant, in the industrial part of
This location would allow smoke stack emissions to be concentrated in one area, instead of
ity. The lots directly south of the power plant are an option. These are owned by NANA
, and it is likely that a transfer of ownership could be arranged for plant siting
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Photo of Hillside Area and Site 2
The hillside siting offers the advantage that a proposed biomass f
water treatment plant, making an “add heat” system logistically simple. Once again though, if the biomass is
insufficient in providing all the required “add heat”, a separate “add heat” system would also be requi
Since this area is not fully developed, the facility size is not as important. Lots could be combined or a new
lot, altogether, could be developed for this facility.
veral advantages, including c
The infrastructure on the hillside is underdeveloped.
development of the site.Also, plans exist for developing this area,
Thermal energy produced by a facility at this location can only be used for heating city water, as a
the current Add-
the entire production of with an RDF Boiler or an MSW Gasifier system at this location. Outlets for any
additional produced energy would be limited to building heat for the redesigned W
IAL SECTOR NEAR KEA
could be located near the KEA Power plant, in the industrial part of
This location would allow smoke stack emissions to be concentrated in one area, instead of
ity. The lots directly south of the power plant are an option. These are owned by NANA
, and it is likely that a transfer of ownership could be arranged for plant siting
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Photo of Hillside Area and Site 2
The hillside siting offers the advantage that a proposed biomass f
water treatment plant, making an “add heat” system logistically simple. Once again though, if the biomass is
insufficient in providing all the required “add heat”, a separate “add heat” system would also be requi
Since this area is not fully developed, the facility size is not as important. Lots could be combined or a new
lot, altogether, could be developed for this facility.Large storage facilities could easily be located here.
city ownership, and ample space available for siting and
The infrastructure on the hillside is underdeveloped.Site grading and connection to utility infrastructure
Also, plans exist for developing this area,
Thermal energy produced by a facility at this location can only be used for heating city water, as a
-Heat system. A redesigned Add
the entire production of with an RDF Boiler or an MSW Gasifier system at this location. Outlets for any
additional produced energy would be limited to building heat for the redesigned W
IAL SECTOR NEAR KEA POWER PLANT
could be located near the KEA Power plant, in the industrial part of
This location would allow smoke stack emissions to be concentrated in one area, instead of
ity. The lots directly south of the power plant are an option. These are owned by NANA
, and it is likely that a transfer of ownership could be arranged for plant siting
The hillside siting offers the advantage that a proposed biomass facility could be located near the proposed
water treatment plant, making an “add heat” system logistically simple. Once again though, if the biomass is
insufficient in providing all the required “add heat”, a separate “add heat” system would also be requi
Since this area is not fully developed, the facility size is not as important. Lots could be combined or a new
Large storage facilities could easily be located here.
ity ownership, and ample space available for siting and
Site grading and connection to utility infrastructure
Also, plans exist for developing this area,
Thermal energy produced by a facility at this location can only be used for heating city water, as a
Heat system. A redesigned Add
the entire production of with an RDF Boiler or an MSW Gasifier system at this location. Outlets for any
additional produced energy would be limited to building heat for the redesigned W
POWER PLANT
could be located near the KEA Power plant, in the industrial part of
This location would allow smoke stack emissions to be concentrated in one area, instead of
ity. The lots directly south of the power plant are an option. These are owned by NANA
, and it is likely that a transfer of ownership could be arranged for plant siting
acility could be located near the proposed
water treatment plant, making an “add heat” system logistically simple. Once again though, if the biomass is
insufficient in providing all the required “add heat”, a separate “add heat” system would also be requi
Since this area is not fully developed, the facility size is not as important. Lots could be combined or a new
Large storage facilities could easily be located here.
ity ownership, and ample space available for siting and
Site grading and connection to utility infrastructure
Also, plans exist for developing this area,but
Thermal energy produced by a facility at this location can only be used for heating city water, as a
Heat system. A redesigned Add-Heat system could absorb
the entire production of with an RDF Boiler or an MSW Gasifier system at this location. Outlets for any
additional produced energy would be limited to building heat for the redesigned WTP.
could be located near the KEA Power plant, in the industrial part of
This location would allow smoke stack emissions to be concentrated in one area, instead of
ity. The lots directly south of the power plant are an option. These are owned by NANA
, and it is likely that a transfer of ownership could be arranged for plant siting
December 2012
acility could be located near the proposed
water treatment plant, making an “add heat” system logistically simple. Once again though, if the biomass is
insufficient in providing all the required “add heat”, a separate “add heat” system would also be required.
Since this area is not fully developed, the facility size is not as important. Lots could be combined or a new
Large storage facilities could easily be located here.
ity ownership, and ample space available for siting and
Site grading and connection to utility infrastructure
but it may be
Thermal energy produced by a facility at this location can only be used for heating city water, as a
Heat system could absorb
the entire production of with an RDF Boiler or an MSW Gasifier system at this location. Outlets for any
could be located near the KEA Power plant, in the industrial part of Kotzebue
This location would allow smoke stack emissions to be concentrated in one area, instead of spreading them
ity. The lots directly south of the power plant are an option. These are owned by NANA
, and it is likely that a transfer of ownership could be arranged for plant siting.
December 2012
acility could be located near the proposed
water treatment plant, making an “add heat” system logistically simple. Once again though, if the biomass is
red.
Since this area is not fully developed, the facility size is not as important. Lots could be combined or a new
Large storage facilities could easily be located here.
ity ownership, and ample space available for siting and
Site grading and connection to utility infrastructure
a few
Thermal energy produced by a facility at this location can only be used for heating city water, as a
Heat system could absorb
the entire production of with an RDF Boiler or an MSW Gasifier system at this location. Outlets for any
Kotzebue.
spreading them
ity. The lots directly south of the power plant are an option. These are owned by NANA
While
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
4-8
relations between the
could present significant additional cost to the project.
The city of Kotzebue has plans to construct a designated
water treatm
loops. If the biomass were used for heating water in an
location would be advantageous, because it could take
biomass energy potential is insufficient to provide all
have to purchase
main would be required anyway.
alternative facility types should be considered.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
relations between the
could present significant additional cost to the project.
ity of Kotzebue has plans to construct a designated
water treatment and distribution center. Currently heated water is added to one of the
loops. If the biomass were used for heating water in an
location would be advantageous, because it could take
biomass energy potential is insufficient to provide all
have to purchase Add-Heat
ain would be required anyway.
alternative facility types should be considered.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
relations between the city and NANA are strong, land conveyance processes are slow, however, and this
could present significant additional cost to the project.
ity of Kotzebue has plans to construct a designated
ent and distribution center. Currently heated water is added to one of the
loops. If the biomass were used for heating water in an
location would be advantageous, because it could take
biomass energy potential is insufficient to provide all
Heat from KEA, which it currently does on a fixed fee basis, and a
ain would be required anyway.
alternative facility types should be considered.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
and NANA are strong, land conveyance processes are slow, however, and this
could present significant additional cost to the project.
ity of Kotzebue has plans to construct a designated
ent and distribution center. Currently heated water is added to one of the
loops. If the biomass were used for heating water in an
location would be advantageous, because it could take
biomass energy potential is insufficient to provide all
from KEA, which it currently does on a fixed fee basis, and a
ain would be required anyway.If the biomass is insufficient in providing all the required
alternative facility types should be considered.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
and NANA are strong, land conveyance processes are slow, however, and this
could present significant additional cost to the project.
ity of Kotzebue has plans to construct a designated Add-Heat
ent and distribution center. Currently heated water is added to one of the
loops. If the biomass were used for heating water in an Add-
location would be advantageous, because it could take advantage of planned infrastructure. However, if the
biomass energy potential is insufficient to provide all of the city’s
from KEA, which it currently does on a fixed fee basis, and a
If the biomass is insufficient in providing all the required
and NANA are strong, land conveyance processes are slow, however, and this
Heat line from the KEA power plant to the
ent and distribution center. Currently heated water is added to one of the
-Heat system for the
advantage of planned infrastructure. However, if the
ity’s Add-Heat requirements the
from KEA, which it currently does on a fixed fee basis, and a
If the biomass is insufficient in providing all the required
and NANA are strong, land conveyance processes are slow, however, and this
line from the KEA power plant to the
ent and distribution center. Currently heated water is added to one of the
system for the city’s water system, this
advantage of planned infrastructure. However, if the
Heat requirements the
from KEA, which it currently does on a fixed fee basis, and a new
If the biomass is insufficient in providing all the required
December 2012
and NANA are strong, land conveyance processes are slow, however, and this
line from the KEA power plant to the
ent and distribution center. Currently heated water is added to one of the city’s distribution
ity’s water system, this
advantage of planned infrastructure. However, if the
requirements the city would still
new Add-Heat
If the biomass is insufficient in providing all the required Add-
December 2012
and NANA are strong, land conveyance processes are slow, however, and this
line from the KEA power plant to the city’s
ity’s distribution
ity’s water system, this
advantage of planned infrastructure. However, if the
ity would still
Heat water
-Heat,
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
4
Figure
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
4-9
Figure 4-2:Biomass Energy Plant Sites
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
Biomass Energy Plant Sites
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Biomass Energy Plant Sites
FEASIBILITY STUDY
December 2012December 2012
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
5-1
5 CONCEPTUAL
Tetra Tech reviewed major heating and power options that are applicable to the general project conditions
thus far determined for the prospective
technology for the biomass power plant and des
5.1 FACILITY DESCRIPTION
Tetra Tech evaluated the viability of two energy generation configurations at Kotzebue
Scenario 1 will combust densified refuse
on source
stream. This waste stream will be combusted in a single
operating expense. Thermal energy produced would
could also be used to supplement the
Scenario 2 is
round thermal energy for
system.
5.2 SCENARIO 1
Tetra Tech developed the following conceptual
plant design is engineered and tailored to conditions specific to the site, at a level corresponding to standard
engineering practices of 10%
following section and a corresponding
description below, the process has been broken down into its three critical components: feedstock
management, energy generation/distribution, and combustion byproduct management.
Feedstock Man
Feedstock
wood materials from the
be used to collect materials
city’s MSW waste stream.
possibly in conjunction with an aluminum and tin recycling program.
Once sorted, the RDF
adjacent to the Bailer Building on the Kotzebue Public Works
achieve the standard cardboard/paper/wood ratio, then
pelletizing unit may be substituted for briquetting in this stage, but would require the addition of a
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
CONCEPTUAL
Tetra Tech reviewed major heating and power options that are applicable to the general project conditions
thus far determined for the prospective
technology for the biomass power plant and des
FACILITY DESCRIPTION
Tetra Tech evaluated the viability of two energy generation configurations at Kotzebue
Scenario 1 will combust densified refuse
on source-separation and on
stream. This waste stream will be combusted in a single
operating expense. Thermal energy produced would
could also be used to supplement the
Scenario 2 is gasification
round thermal energy for
SCENARIO 1 –
Tetra Tech developed the following conceptual
plant design is engineered and tailored to conditions specific to the site, at a level corresponding to standard
engineering practices of 10%
following section and a corresponding
description below, the process has been broken down into its three critical components: feedstock
management, energy generation/distribution, and combustion byproduct management.
Feedstock Management & Logistics
Feedstock for this system will consist of sorted and separated cardboard, newspaper, mixed paper, and
wood materials from the
be used to collect materials
city’s MSW waste stream.
possibly in conjunction with an aluminum and tin recycling program.
Once sorted, the RDF
adjacent to the Bailer Building on the Kotzebue Public Works
achieve the standard cardboard/paper/wood ratio, then
pelletizing unit may be substituted for briquetting in this stage, but would require the addition of a
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASI
CONCEPTUAL ENGINEERING DESIGN
Tetra Tech reviewed major heating and power options that are applicable to the general project conditions
thus far determined for the prospective
technology for the biomass power plant and des
FACILITY DESCRIPTIONS
Tetra Tech evaluated the viability of two energy generation configurations at Kotzebue
Scenario 1 will combust densified refuse
separation and on-site sorting of Kotzebue’s waste stream to produce a homogenous RDF waste
stream. This waste stream will be combusted in a single
operating expense. Thermal energy produced would
could also be used to supplement the
gasification-based system
round thermal energy for pre-heating a redesigned version of
RDF BOILER SYSTEM
Tetra Tech developed the following conceptual
plant design is engineered and tailored to conditions specific to the site, at a level corresponding to standard
engineering practices of 10%system design.
following section and a corresponding
description below, the process has been broken down into its three critical components: feedstock
management, energy generation/distribution, and combustion byproduct management.
agement & Logistics
for this system will consist of sorted and separated cardboard, newspaper, mixed paper, and
wood materials from the city of Kotzebue waste stream.
be used to collect materials, eithe
city’s MSW waste stream.RDF fuel will be separated from the waste stream in the Bailer
possibly in conjunction with an aluminum and tin recycling program.
Once sorted, the RDF fuel material is transported to the fuel storage room of the
adjacent to the Bailer Building on the Kotzebue Public Works
achieve the standard cardboard/paper/wood ratio, then
pelletizing unit may be substituted for briquetting in this stage, but would require the addition of a
FEASIBILITY STUDY
ENGINEERING DESIGN
Tetra Tech reviewed major heating and power options that are applicable to the general project conditions
thus far determined for the prospective plant. The following section identifies the most likely process
technology for the biomass power plant and describes the conceptual plant design.
Tetra Tech evaluated the viability of two energy generation configurations at Kotzebue
Scenario 1 will combust densified refuse-derive waste (RDF)
site sorting of Kotzebue’s waste stream to produce a homogenous RDF waste
stream. This waste stream will be combusted in a single
operating expense. Thermal energy produced would
could also be used to supplement the city water Add
system processing the entire city’s
heating a redesigned version of
RDF BOILER SYSTEM
Tetra Tech developed the following conceptual process
plant design is engineered and tailored to conditions specific to the site, at a level corresponding to standard
system design.The system process flow is described in sequence in the
following section and a corresponding process flow diagram is supplied
description below, the process has been broken down into its three critical components: feedstock
management, energy generation/distribution, and combustion byproduct management.
for this system will consist of sorted and separated cardboard, newspaper, mixed paper, and
ity of Kotzebue waste stream.
, either as source-
RDF fuel will be separated from the waste stream in the Bailer
possibly in conjunction with an aluminum and tin recycling program.
fuel material is transported to the fuel storage room of the
adjacent to the Bailer Building on the Kotzebue Public Works
achieve the standard cardboard/paper/wood ratio, then
pelletizing unit may be substituted for briquetting in this stage, but would require the addition of a
BILITY STUDY
ENGINEERING DESIGN
Tetra Tech reviewed major heating and power options that are applicable to the general project conditions
lant. The following section identifies the most likely process
cribes the conceptual plant design.
Tetra Tech evaluated the viability of two energy generation configurations at Kotzebue
derive waste (RDF)in a commercial
site sorting of Kotzebue’s waste stream to produce a homogenous RDF waste
stream. This waste stream will be combusted in a single-chamber ambient
operating expense. Thermal energy produced would be used for heating Public Works c
city water Add-Heat system
processing the entire city’s
heating a redesigned version of the
process design of a RDF boiler system for Scenario 1.
plant design is engineered and tailored to conditions specific to the site, at a level corresponding to standard
The system process flow is described in sequence in the
process flow diagram is supplied
description below, the process has been broken down into its three critical components: feedstock
management, energy generation/distribution, and combustion byproduct management.
for this system will consist of sorted and separated cardboard, newspaper, mixed paper, and
ity of Kotzebue waste stream.The city’s waste management equipment will
-separated material from the producers
RDF fuel will be separated from the waste stream in the Bailer
possibly in conjunction with an aluminum and tin recycling program.
fuel material is transported to the fuel storage room of the
adjacent to the Bailer Building on the Kotzebue Public Works
achieve the standard cardboard/paper/wood ratio, then sent through a shred
pelletizing unit may be substituted for briquetting in this stage, but would require the addition of a
Tetra Tech reviewed major heating and power options that are applicable to the general project conditions
lant. The following section identifies the most likely process
cribes the conceptual plant design.
Tetra Tech evaluated the viability of two energy generation configurations at Kotzebue
in a commercial
site sorting of Kotzebue’s waste stream to produce a homogenous RDF waste
chamber ambient
be used for heating Public Works c
Heat system.
processing the entire city’s MSW waste stream, and producing year
the city water supply
design of a RDF boiler system for Scenario 1.
plant design is engineered and tailored to conditions specific to the site, at a level corresponding to standard
The system process flow is described in sequence in the
process flow diagram is supplied
description below, the process has been broken down into its three critical components: feedstock
management, energy generation/distribution, and combustion byproduct management.
for this system will consist of sorted and separated cardboard, newspaper, mixed paper, and
The city’s waste management equipment will
ted material from the producers
RDF fuel will be separated from the waste stream in the Bailer
possibly in conjunction with an aluminum and tin recycling program.
fuel material is transported to the fuel storage room of the
adjacent to the Bailer Building on the Kotzebue Public Works campus
sent through a shred
pelletizing unit may be substituted for briquetting in this stage, but would require the addition of a
Tetra Tech reviewed major heating and power options that are applicable to the general project conditions
lant. The following section identifies the most likely process
cribes the conceptual plant design.
Tetra Tech evaluated the viability of two energy generation configurations at Kotzebue:
in a commercial-scale boiler.
site sorting of Kotzebue’s waste stream to produce a homogenous RDF waste
chamber ambient-air boiler of less capital and
be used for heating Public Works campus
waste stream, and producing year
city water supply treatment and Add
design of a RDF boiler system for Scenario 1.
plant design is engineered and tailored to conditions specific to the site, at a level corresponding to standard
The system process flow is described in sequence in the
process flow diagram is supplied below as Figure
description below, the process has been broken down into its three critical components: feedstock
management, energy generation/distribution, and combustion byproduct management.
for this system will consist of sorted and separated cardboard, newspaper, mixed paper, and
The city’s waste management equipment will
ted material from the producers
RDF fuel will be separated from the waste stream in the Bailer
fuel material is transported to the fuel storage room of the energy
ampus.Here, raw RDF is blended to
sent through a shredder and
pelletizing unit may be substituted for briquetting in this stage, but would require the addition of a
December 2012
Tetra Tech reviewed major heating and power options that are applicable to the general project conditions
lant. The following section identifies the most likely process
Scenario 1 will re
site sorting of Kotzebue’s waste stream to produce a homogenous RDF waste
air boiler of less capital and
ampus buildings
waste stream, and producing year
treatment and Add
design of a RDF boiler system for Scenario 1.
plant design is engineered and tailored to conditions specific to the site, at a level corresponding to standard
The system process flow is described in sequence in the
Figure 5-1.In the
description below, the process has been broken down into its three critical components: feedstock
for this system will consist of sorted and separated cardboard, newspaper, mixed paper, and
The city’s waste management equipment will
ted material from the producers or mixed with the
RDF fuel will be separated from the waste stream in the Bailer building,
nergy plant building
Here, raw RDF is blended to
der and briquette unit.
pelletizing unit may be substituted for briquetting in this stage, but would require the addition of a
December 2012
Tetra Tech reviewed major heating and power options that are applicable to the general project conditions
lant. The following section identifies the most likely process
Scenario 1 will rely
site sorting of Kotzebue’s waste stream to produce a homogenous RDF waste
air boiler of less capital and
buildings, but
waste stream, and producing year-
treatment and Add-Heat
design of a RDF boiler system for Scenario 1.The
plant design is engineered and tailored to conditions specific to the site, at a level corresponding to standard
The system process flow is described in sequence in the
In the
description below, the process has been broken down into its three critical components: feedstock
for this system will consist of sorted and separated cardboard, newspaper, mixed paper, and
The city’s waste management equipment will
or mixed with the
uilding,
uilding,
Here, raw RDF is blended to
unit.A
pelletizing unit may be substituted for briquetting in this stage, but would require the addition of a
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
5-2
hammer mill and possibly other equipment at an additional cost.
to store
blending of various grades of feedstock materials, and
feedstock fuel processed at the facility is expected to be
content as received is
specification can be either dried or blended with in
Operati
understanding
Several 4
assumed these bins can be moved from the sorting location
building using existing city equipment (e.g., front
Energy Generation & Distribution
Sorted, mixed, dried, and densified
Alternatively, a mechanized
Walking floor systems add significant additional cost, and were not deemed necessa
material needing transport
twin screw augers homogenize and break up densified fuel, metering into the stoker
The stoker
and hazard associated with high
exhaust gasses.
from the bottom of the boiler.
The working fluid (here, water) is heated at low pressure (15
The water will be metered as needed to the
underground piping, which will enter each building at its boiler room and tie into existing heating
distribution systems.
heating needs.
Feed control and plant operations
controller (PLC) systems.
Combustion B
Ash is produced by the combustion process and is collected as noted in the energy generation section.
The amount of ash produced will likely range from 2 to 10 percent of the ori
dependent on the feedstock, moist
produced by the system is expected to be
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
hammer mill and possibly other equipment at an additional cost.
to store a 60-day suppl
blending of various grades of feedstock materials, and
feedstock fuel processed at the facility is expected to be
content as received is
specification can be either dried or blended with in
Operational experience
understanding the seasonal variat
Several 4-6 yard rolling bins will be included in the project capital costs for feedstock management.
assumed these bins can be moved from the sorting location
building using existing city equipment (e.g., front
Energy Generation & Distribution
Sorted, mixed, dried, and densified
Alternatively, a mechanized
Walking floor systems add significant additional cost, and were not deemed necessa
material needing transport
twin screw augers homogenize and break up densified fuel, metering into the stoker
stoker –boiler
and hazard associated with high
exhaust gasses.The solid material remaining is the ash waste product which i
from the bottom of the boiler.
The working fluid (here, water) is heated at low pressure (15
water will be metered as needed to the
underground piping, which will enter each building at its boiler room and tie into existing heating
distribution systems.
heating needs.
Feed control and plant operations
controller (PLC) systems.
Combustion Byproduct Management
Ash is produced by the combustion process and is collected as noted in the energy generation section.
The amount of ash produced will likely range from 2 to 10 percent of the ori
dependent on the feedstock, moist
produced by the system is expected to be
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASI
hammer mill and possibly other equipment at an additional cost.
day supply of feedstock
blending of various grades of feedstock materials, and
feedstock fuel processed at the facility is expected to be
content as received is expected to be approximately
specification can be either dried or blended with in
experience is critical in this stage
the seasonal variat
6 yard rolling bins will be included in the project capital costs for feedstock management.
assumed these bins can be moved from the sorting location
building using existing city equipment (e.g., front
Energy Generation & Distribution
Sorted, mixed, dried, and densified
Alternatively, a mechanized ‘walking floor’
Walking floor systems add significant additional cost, and were not deemed necessa
material needing transport. The surge hopper marks the beginning of the combustion cycle.
twin screw augers homogenize and break up densified fuel, metering into the stoker
boiler system will ut
and hazard associated with high
The solid material remaining is the ash waste product which i
from the bottom of the boiler.
The working fluid (here, water) is heated at low pressure (15
water will be metered as needed to the
underground piping, which will enter each building at its boiler room and tie into existing heating
distribution systems.Existing diesel boilers are expected to be retained for backup or on
Feed control and plant operations
controller (PLC) systems.
yproduct Management
Ash is produced by the combustion process and is collected as noted in the energy generation section.
The amount of ash produced will likely range from 2 to 10 percent of the ori
dependent on the feedstock, moist
produced by the system is expected to be
FEASIBILITY STUDY
hammer mill and possibly other equipment at an additional cost.
y of feedstock, sufficient for this configuration
blending of various grades of feedstock materials, and
feedstock fuel processed at the facility is expected to be
expected to be approximately
specification can be either dried or blended with in
is critical in this stage
the seasonal variations inherent in the Arctic.
6 yard rolling bins will be included in the project capital costs for feedstock management.
assumed these bins can be moved from the sorting location
building using existing city equipment (e.g., front
Sorted, mixed, dried, and densified RDF fuel will likely be manually loaded to a 1
‘walking floor’system
Walking floor systems add significant additional cost, and were not deemed necessa
. The surge hopper marks the beginning of the combustion cycle.
twin screw augers homogenize and break up densified fuel, metering into the stoker
system will utilize a 3-pass, hydronic hot
-pressure steam.
The solid material remaining is the ash waste product which i
The working fluid (here, water) is heated at low pressure (15
water will be metered as needed to the Water Treatment Plant
underground piping, which will enter each building at its boiler room and tie into existing heating
Existing diesel boilers are expected to be retained for backup or on
Feed control and plant operations are managed automatically via control panel and programmable logic
yproduct Management
Ash is produced by the combustion process and is collected as noted in the energy generation section.
The amount of ash produced will likely range from 2 to 10 percent of the ori
dependent on the feedstock, moisture content and the transfo
produced by the system is expected to be baled with residual MSW and
BILITY STUDY
hammer mill and possibly other equipment at an additional cost.
, sufficient for this configuration
blending of various grades of feedstock materials, and summer storage
feedstock fuel processed at the facility is expected to be approximately
expected to be approximately 10-30
specification can be either dried or blended with in-spec material to reach the desired b
is critical in this stage; in order
ions inherent in the Arctic.
6 yard rolling bins will be included in the project capital costs for feedstock management.
assumed these bins can be moved from the sorting location
building using existing city equipment (e.g., front-end loaders, skid
RDF fuel will likely be manually loaded to a 1
system can transition stored f
Walking floor systems add significant additional cost, and were not deemed necessa
. The surge hopper marks the beginning of the combustion cycle.
twin screw augers homogenize and break up densified fuel, metering into the stoker
pass, hydronic hot
pressure steam.In addition to
The solid material remaining is the ash waste product which i
The working fluid (here, water) is heated at low pressure (15
Water Treatment Plant
underground piping, which will enter each building at its boiler room and tie into existing heating
Existing diesel boilers are expected to be retained for backup or on
are managed automatically via control panel and programmable logic
Ash is produced by the combustion process and is collected as noted in the energy generation section.
The amount of ash produced will likely range from 2 to 10 percent of the ori
ure content and the transfo
baled with residual MSW and
hammer mill and possibly other equipment at an additional cost.The feedstock storage area is designed
, sufficient for this configuration.
summer storage
approximately
30 percent.Any material received outs of that
spec material to reach the desired b
; in order to produce
ions inherent in the Arctic.
6 yard rolling bins will be included in the project capital costs for feedstock management.
assumed these bins can be moved from the sorting location within the Bailer
end loaders, skid-steer, etc).
RDF fuel will likely be manually loaded to a 1
can transition stored f
Walking floor systems add significant additional cost, and were not deemed necessa
. The surge hopper marks the beginning of the combustion cycle.
twin screw augers homogenize and break up densified fuel, metering into the stoker
pass, hydronic hot-water based boiler system, reducing the cost
In addition to hot water
The solid material remaining is the ash waste product which i
The working fluid (here, water) is heated at low pressure (15-30 psi) to desired temperature (180 deg
Water Treatment Plant (WTP
underground piping, which will enter each building at its boiler room and tie into existing heating
Existing diesel boilers are expected to be retained for backup or on
are managed automatically via control panel and programmable logic
Ash is produced by the combustion process and is collected as noted in the energy generation section.
The amount of ash produced will likely range from 2 to 10 percent of the ori
ure content and the transformational process noted above
baled with residual MSW and disposed of in the city landfill.
feedstock storage area is designed
This will allow for onsite drying,
summer storage.The lower heat value of the
approximately 6520 Btu/lb, and the moisture
Any material received outs of that
spec material to reach the desired b
to produce consistent
6 yard rolling bins will be included in the project capital costs for feedstock management.
within the Bailer building
steer, etc).
RDF fuel will likely be manually loaded to a 1-2 day surge hopper.
can transition stored fuels into the combustion cycle.
Walking floor systems add significant additional cost, and were not deemed necessary for the volume of
. The surge hopper marks the beginning of the combustion cycle.
twin screw augers homogenize and break up densified fuel, metering into the stoker –
water based boiler system, reducing the cost
hot water,the boiler
The solid material remaining is the ash waste product which is mechanically
30 psi) to desired temperature (180 deg
P) and the Maintenance Shop
underground piping, which will enter each building at its boiler room and tie into existing heating
Existing diesel boilers are expected to be retained for backup or on
are managed automatically via control panel and programmable logic
Ash is produced by the combustion process and is collected as noted in the energy generation section.
The amount of ash produced will likely range from 2 to 10 percent of the original feedstock, but
rmational process noted above
disposed of in the city landfill.
December 2012
feedstock storage area is designed
This will allow for onsite drying,
The lower heat value of the
lb, and the moisture
Any material received outs of that
spec material to reach the desired blend
consistent feed material
6 yard rolling bins will be included in the project capital costs for feedstock management.
uilding to the process
2 day surge hopper.
uels into the combustion cycle.
ry for the volume of
. The surge hopper marks the beginning of the combustion cycle.From here,
–boiler unit.
water based boiler system, reducing the cost
the boiler generates ash and
mechanically removed
30 psi) to desired temperature (180 deg
) and the Maintenance Shop
underground piping, which will enter each building at its boiler room and tie into existing heating
Existing diesel boilers are expected to be retained for backup or on-call peak
are managed automatically via control panel and programmable logic
Ash is produced by the combustion process and is collected as noted in the energy generation section.
ginal feedstock, but
rmational process noted above
disposed of in the city landfill.
December 2012
feedstock storage area is designed
This will allow for onsite drying,
The lower heat value of the
lb, and the moisture
Any material received outs of that
ratio.
feed material
6 yard rolling bins will be included in the project capital costs for feedstock management.It is
to the process
2 day surge hopper.
uels into the combustion cycle.
ry for the volume of
rom here,
water based boiler system, reducing the cost
ash and
removed
30 psi) to desired temperature (180 deg C).
) and the Maintenance Shop via
underground piping, which will enter each building at its boiler room and tie into existing heating
call peak
are managed automatically via control panel and programmable logic
Ash is produced by the combustion process and is collected as noted in the energy generation section.
ginal feedstock, but is
rmational process noted above. Ash
disposed of in the city landfill.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
5-3
Air Pollution Control
and is denoted as “gas
contaminates are removed from the combustion gasses. Air emissions will be required to meet
regulations determined by the Federal EPA
will be selected further into the design process, but would likely include one or more standard
technologies, including
cyclonic dry systems are expected to be sufficient for this configuration, and are factored into the capital
expenditure as such.
5.2.1 SCENARIO 1 SYSTEM SC
The boiler
users supplied.
additional capacity allows turn
demand for thermal energy, demonstrated in Table
Table
Peak Season Analysis
Low Season Analysis
Additionally,
several sources. Increased production and/or capture of cardboard, paper, and wood materials can
immediately translate to more buildings heated by the system. 60% +
results in an increase of 60 tons per year of feedstock material. Pellet purchase can also be increased as
needed to heat more city buildings.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
Air Pollution Control
and is denoted as “gas
contaminates are removed from the combustion gasses. Air emissions will be required to meet
regulations determined by the Federal EPA
will be selected further into the design process, but would likely include one or more standard
technologies, including
cyclonic dry systems are expected to be sufficient for this configuration, and are factored into the capital
expenditure as such.
SCENARIO 1 SYSTEM SC
boiler system in Scenario 1
users supplied.Primarily, this is because boilers are offered in a relatively standard 1.5 MM Btu size. The
additional capacity allows turn
demand for thermal energy, demonstrated in Table
Table 5-1:Scenario 1 Seasonal Variability
Seasonal Variability
Peak Season Analysis
Low Season Analysis
Additionally,an RDF system in Kotzebue has significant ability for expansion in feedstock input through
several sources. Increased production and/or capture of cardboard, paper, and wood materials can
immediately translate to more buildings heated by the system. 60% +
results in an increase of 60 tons per year of feedstock material. Pellet purchase can also be increased as
needed to heat more city buildings.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASI
Air Pollution Control (APC)is the final treatment of the gas stream prior to release into
and is denoted as “gas cleanup” in Figure
contaminates are removed from the combustion gasses. Air emissions will be required to meet
regulations determined by the Federal EPA
will be selected further into the design process, but would likely include one or more standard
technologies, including cyclone dust collectors, baghouses
cyclonic dry systems are expected to be sufficient for this configuration, and are factored into the capital
expenditure as such.
SCENARIO 1 SYSTEM SCALE FLEXIBILITY
in Scenario 1 is designed to be oversized to allow for additional feedstock input and energy
Primarily, this is because boilers are offered in a relatively standard 1.5 MM Btu size. The
additional capacity allows turn-up and turn
demand for thermal energy, demonstrated in Table
Scenario 1 Seasonal Variability
Seasonal Variability
Peak Season Analysis Feedstock Demand (TPD)
Hot Water (MM BTU/hr)
Low Season Analysis Feedstock Demand (TPD)
Hot Water (MM BTU/hr)
an RDF system in Kotzebue has significant ability for expansion in feedstock input through
several sources. Increased production and/or capture of cardboard, paper, and wood materials can
immediately translate to more buildings heated by the system. 60% +
results in an increase of 60 tons per year of feedstock material. Pellet purchase can also be increased as
needed to heat more city buildings.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
is the final treatment of the gas stream prior to release into
cleanup” in Figure 5-1.
contaminates are removed from the combustion gasses. Air emissions will be required to meet
regulations determined by the Federal EPA and State environmental regulatory agency.
will be selected further into the design process, but would likely include one or more standard
cyclone dust collectors, baghouses
cyclonic dry systems are expected to be sufficient for this configuration, and are factored into the capital
ALE FLEXIBILITY
is designed to be oversized to allow for additional feedstock input and energy
Primarily, this is because boilers are offered in a relatively standard 1.5 MM Btu size. The
up and turn-down capability to accom
demand for thermal energy, demonstrated in Table
Scenario 1 Seasonal Variability
Seasonal Variability
Feedstock Demand (TPD)
Hot Water (MM BTU/hr)
Feedstock Demand (TPD)
Hot Water (MM BTU/hr)
an RDF system in Kotzebue has significant ability for expansion in feedstock input through
several sources. Increased production and/or capture of cardboard, paper, and wood materials can
immediately translate to more buildings heated by the system. 60% +
results in an increase of 60 tons per year of feedstock material. Pellet purchase can also be increased as
BILITY STUDY
is the final treatment of the gas stream prior to release into
This gas cleanup step will ensure that NOx, SOx, and other
contaminates are removed from the combustion gasses. Air emissions will be required to meet
and State environmental regulatory agency.
will be selected further into the design process, but would likely include one or more standard
cyclone dust collectors, baghouses, and electrostatic precipitators
cyclonic dry systems are expected to be sufficient for this configuration, and are factored into the capital
ALE FLEXIBILITY
is designed to be oversized to allow for additional feedstock input and energy
Primarily, this is because boilers are offered in a relatively standard 1.5 MM Btu size. The
down capability to accom
demand for thermal energy, demonstrated in Table 5-1.
Feedstock Demand (TPD)
Hot Water (MM BTU/hr)
Feedstock Demand (TPD)
Hot Water (MM BTU/hr)
an RDF system in Kotzebue has significant ability for expansion in feedstock input through
several sources. Increased production and/or capture of cardboard, paper, and wood materials can
immediately translate to more buildings heated by the system. 60% +
results in an increase of 60 tons per year of feedstock material. Pellet purchase can also be increased as
is the final treatment of the gas stream prior to release into
This gas cleanup step will ensure that NOx, SOx, and other
contaminates are removed from the combustion gasses. Air emissions will be required to meet
and State environmental regulatory agency.
will be selected further into the design process, but would likely include one or more standard
, and electrostatic precipitators
cyclonic dry systems are expected to be sufficient for this configuration, and are factored into the capital
is designed to be oversized to allow for additional feedstock input and energy
Primarily, this is because boilers are offered in a relatively standard 1.5 MM Btu size. The
down capability to accommodate fluctuations in
Scenario 1
2.21
0.93
0.48
0.39
an RDF system in Kotzebue has significant ability for expansion in feedstock input through
several sources. Increased production and/or capture of cardboard, paper, and wood materials can
immediately translate to more buildings heated by the system. 60% +capture rate of RDF is achievable, and
results in an increase of 60 tons per year of feedstock material. Pellet purchase can also be increased as
is the final treatment of the gas stream prior to release into
This gas cleanup step will ensure that NOx, SOx, and other
contaminates are removed from the combustion gasses. Air emissions will be required to meet
and State environmental regulatory agency.
will be selected further into the design process, but would likely include one or more standard
, and electrostatic precipitators
cyclonic dry systems are expected to be sufficient for this configuration, and are factored into the capital
is designed to be oversized to allow for additional feedstock input and energy
Primarily, this is because boilers are offered in a relatively standard 1.5 MM Btu size. The
modate fluctuations in
an RDF system in Kotzebue has significant ability for expansion in feedstock input through
several sources. Increased production and/or capture of cardboard, paper, and wood materials can
capture rate of RDF is achievable, and
results in an increase of 60 tons per year of feedstock material. Pellet purchase can also be increased as
December 2012
is the final treatment of the gas stream prior to release into the atmosphere
This gas cleanup step will ensure that NOx, SOx, and other
contaminates are removed from the combustion gasses. Air emissions will be required to meet
and State environmental regulatory agency.APC equipment
will be selected further into the design process, but would likely include one or more standard
, and electrostatic precipitators. The less-
cyclonic dry systems are expected to be sufficient for this configuration, and are factored into the capital
is designed to be oversized to allow for additional feedstock input and energy
Primarily, this is because boilers are offered in a relatively standard 1.5 MM Btu size. The
modate fluctuations in seasonal
an RDF system in Kotzebue has significant ability for expansion in feedstock input through
several sources. Increased production and/or capture of cardboard, paper, and wood materials can
capture rate of RDF is achievable, and
results in an increase of 60 tons per year of feedstock material. Pellet purchase can also be increased as
December 2012
the atmosphere
This gas cleanup step will ensure that NOx, SOx, and other
contaminates are removed from the combustion gasses. Air emissions will be required to meet
APC equipment
will be selected further into the design process, but would likely include one or more standard
-costly
cyclonic dry systems are expected to be sufficient for this configuration, and are factored into the capital
is designed to be oversized to allow for additional feedstock input and energy
Primarily, this is because boilers are offered in a relatively standard 1.5 MM Btu size. The
seasonal
an RDF system in Kotzebue has significant ability for expansion in feedstock input through
several sources. Increased production and/or capture of cardboard, paper, and wood materials can
capture rate of RDF is achievable, and
results in an increase of 60 tons per year of feedstock material. Pellet purchase can also be increased as
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
5-4
Figure
RDF feedstock will be stockpiled through summer months and drawn down in the winter months. RDF
briquettes will be stored in the plant building storage area in the offseason. Maximum storage is expected at
approximately 40 tons at a 50
occurs in September, as the heating season is beginning to ramp up. Figure 5
in boiler operations and RDF briquette storage.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
TonsRDF/monthKOTZEBUE BIOMASS
Figure 5-1:Feedstock
RDF feedstock will be stockpiled through summer months and drawn down in the winter months. RDF
briquettes will be stored in the plant building storage area in the offseason. Maximum storage is expected at
approximately 40 tons at a 50
occurs in September, as the heating season is beginning to ramp up. Figure 5
in boiler operations and RDF briquette storage.
RDF Feedstock Input and Stockpile Levels
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASI
Feedstock Storage Schedule
RDF feedstock will be stockpiled through summer months and drawn down in the winter months. RDF
briquettes will be stored in the plant building storage area in the offseason. Maximum storage is expected at
approximately 40 tons at a 50% RDF capture rate, and 70 tons at a 60% RDF capture rate. Maximum supply
occurs in September, as the heating season is beginning to ramp up. Figure 5
in boiler operations and RDF briquette storage.
RDF Feedstock Input and Stockpile Levels
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Storage Schedule
RDF feedstock will be stockpiled through summer months and drawn down in the winter months. RDF
briquettes will be stored in the plant building storage area in the offseason. Maximum storage is expected at
% RDF capture rate, and 70 tons at a 60% RDF capture rate. Maximum supply
occurs in September, as the heating season is beginning to ramp up. Figure 5
in boiler operations and RDF briquette storage.
RDF Feedstock Input and Stockpile Levels
BILITY STUDY
RDF feedstock will be stockpiled through summer months and drawn down in the winter months. RDF
briquettes will be stored in the plant building storage area in the offseason. Maximum storage is expected at
% RDF capture rate, and 70 tons at a 60% RDF capture rate. Maximum supply
occurs in September, as the heating season is beginning to ramp up. Figure 5
RDF Feedstock Input and Stockpile Levels
RDF feedstock will be stockpiled through summer months and drawn down in the winter months. RDF
briquettes will be stored in the plant building storage area in the offseason. Maximum storage is expected at
% RDF capture rate, and 70 tons at a 60% RDF capture rate. Maximum supply
occurs in September, as the heating season is beginning to ramp up. Figure 5
RDF Feedstock Input and Stockpile Levels
Boiler Feed
RDF
Stockpile
RDF feedstock will be stockpiled through summer months and drawn down in the winter months. RDF
briquettes will be stored in the plant building storage area in the offseason. Maximum storage is expected at
% RDF capture rate, and 70 tons at a 60% RDF capture rate. Maximum supply
occurs in September, as the heating season is beginning to ramp up. Figure 5-1 shows the seasonal variation
Boiler Feed
Stockpile
December 2012
RDF feedstock will be stockpiled through summer months and drawn down in the winter months. RDF
briquettes will be stored in the plant building storage area in the offseason. Maximum storage is expected at
% RDF capture rate, and 70 tons at a 60% RDF capture rate. Maximum supply
1 shows the seasonal variation
December 2012
RDF feedstock will be stockpiled through summer months and drawn down in the winter months. RDF
briquettes will be stored in the plant building storage area in the offseason. Maximum storage is expected at
% RDF capture rate, and 70 tons at a 60% RDF capture rate. Maximum supply
1 shows the seasonal variation
KOTZEBUE
5
KOTZEBUE COMMUNITY ELECTRIC FEASIBILITY STUDY
5-5
Figure 5-2:Scenario 1
COMMUNITY ELECTRIC FEASIBILITY STUDY
Scenario 1 –RDF Boiler
COMMUNITY ELECTRIC FEASIBILITY STUDY
RDF Boiler Block Flow Diagram
COMMUNITY ELECTRIC FEASIBILITY STUDY
Block Flow Diagram
COMMUNITY ELECTRIC FEASIBILITY STUDY
December 2012December 2012
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
5
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
5-6
Figure 5-3:
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
Kotzebue Biomass Power Plant Facility Configuration
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Biomass Power Plant Facility Configuration
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Biomass Power Plant Facility ConfigurationBiomass Power Plant Facility Configuration (In-Town RDF Plant)Town RDF Plant)
December 2012December 2012
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
5-7
5.3 SCENARIO 2
Tetra Tech also developed a conceptual
MSW,corresponding to
and tailored to c
10%system design.
corresponding process flow diagram is
Feedstock Management & Logistics
Feedstock for this system will consist of
the waste stream to remove potentially explosive items (canisters, etc) or hazardo
large batteries is all that is required prior to being fed into the gas
Once at the project site, the bales will be passed through an MSW shredder. This will serve to reduce
particle size, blend the feedstock, and make it more
Energy Generation & Distribution
Feedstock material will be introduced to the combustion system via
the primary combustion chamber.
interrupted.
complete
The system will utilize a 2
and carefully
in the second stage, producing steam in a boiler. The system generates ash and exhaust gasses. The solid
material remaining is the ash waste product which is mechanically removed from the bottom of the
boiler.
The working fluid (here, water) is heated
the steam will be transferred to Kotzebue’s incom
exchangers.
Feed control and plant operations are managed automatically via control panel and programmable logic
controller (PLC) systems.
Combustion Byproduct Management
Ash is produced by the combustion
The amount of ash produced will likely range from
dependent on the feedstock, moisture content and the transformational process noted abov
produced by the system is expected to be disposed of in the city landfill.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
SCENARIO 2 –
Tetra Tech also developed a conceptual
corresponding to
and tailored to conditions specific to the site, at a level corresponding to standard engineering practices of
system design.The system process flow is described in sequence in the following section and a
corresponding process flow diagram is
Feedstock Management & Logistics
Feedstock for this system will consist of
the waste stream to remove potentially explosive items (canisters, etc) or hazardo
large batteries is all that is required prior to being fed into the gas
Once at the project site, the bales will be passed through an MSW shredder. This will serve to reduce
particle size, blend the feedstock, and make it more
Energy Generation & Distribution
Feedstock material will be introduced to the combustion system via
the primary combustion chamber.
interrupted.Supplemental fuel is estimated
complete oxidation is achieved in the primary chamber
The system will utilize a 2
and carefully-controlled oxygen (air) input and gasifies the material. Gasses are fully combusted with air
in the second stage, producing steam in a boiler. The system generates ash and exhaust gasses. The solid
material remaining is the ash waste product which is mechanically removed from the bottom of the
boiler.
The working fluid (here, water) is heated
the steam will be transferred to Kotzebue’s incom
exchangers.
Feed control and plant operations are managed automatically via control panel and programmable logic
controller (PLC) systems.
Combustion Byproduct Management
Ash is produced by the combustion
The amount of ash produced will likely range from
dependent on the feedstock, moisture content and the transformational process noted abov
produced by the system is expected to be disposed of in the city landfill.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
MSW GASIFIER
Tetra Tech also developed a conceptual
corresponding to Scenario 2.As with the RDF boiler conceptual design, this
onditions specific to the site, at a level corresponding to standard engineering practices of
The system process flow is described in sequence in the following section and a
corresponding process flow diagram is
Feedstock Management & Logistics
Feedstock for this system will consist of
the waste stream to remove potentially explosive items (canisters, etc) or hazardo
large batteries is all that is required prior to being fed into the gas
Once at the project site, the bales will be passed through an MSW shredder. This will serve to reduce
particle size, blend the feedstock, and make it more
Energy Generation & Distribution
Feedstock material will be introduced to the combustion system via
the primary combustion chamber.
Supplemental fuel is estimated
oxidation is achieved in the primary chamber
The system will utilize a 2-stage gasification system described abo
controlled oxygen (air) input and gasifies the material. Gasses are fully combusted with air
in the second stage, producing steam in a boiler. The system generates ash and exhaust gasses. The solid
material remaining is the ash waste product which is mechanically removed from the bottom of the
The working fluid (here, water) is heated
the steam will be transferred to Kotzebue’s incom
Feed control and plant operations are managed automatically via control panel and programmable logic
controller (PLC) systems.
Combustion Byproduct Management
Ash is produced by the combustion
The amount of ash produced will likely range from
dependent on the feedstock, moisture content and the transformational process noted abov
produced by the system is expected to be disposed of in the city landfill.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
ASIFIER
Tetra Tech also developed a conceptual process
As with the RDF boiler conceptual design, this
onditions specific to the site, at a level corresponding to standard engineering practices of
The system process flow is described in sequence in the following section and a
corresponding process flow diagram is supplied below as Figure
Feedstock for this system will consist of essentially unsorted municipal solid waste. Visual inspection of
the waste stream to remove potentially explosive items (canisters, etc) or hazardo
large batteries is all that is required prior to being fed into the gas
Once at the project site, the bales will be passed through an MSW shredder. This will serve to reduce
particle size, blend the feedstock, and make it more
Feedstock material will be introduced to the combustion system via
the primary combustion chamber.An operator
Supplemental fuel is estimated
oxidation is achieved in the primary chamber
stage gasification system described abo
controlled oxygen (air) input and gasifies the material. Gasses are fully combusted with air
in the second stage, producing steam in a boiler. The system generates ash and exhaust gasses. The solid
material remaining is the ash waste product which is mechanically removed from the bottom of the
The working fluid (here, water) is heated to produce
the steam will be transferred to Kotzebue’s incom
Feed control and plant operations are managed automatically via control panel and programmable logic
Combustion Byproduct Management
Ash is produced by the combustion process and is collected as noted in the energy generation section.
The amount of ash produced will likely range from
dependent on the feedstock, moisture content and the transformational process noted abov
produced by the system is expected to be disposed of in the city landfill.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
process design of a 2
As with the RDF boiler conceptual design, this
onditions specific to the site, at a level corresponding to standard engineering practices of
The system process flow is described in sequence in the following section and a
supplied below as Figure
essentially unsorted municipal solid waste. Visual inspection of
the waste stream to remove potentially explosive items (canisters, etc) or hazardo
large batteries is all that is required prior to being fed into the gas
Once at the project site, the bales will be passed through an MSW shredder. This will serve to reduce
particle size, blend the feedstock, and make it more amenable to use within the gasification system.
Feedstock material will be introduced to the combustion system via
An operator will be required
Supplemental fuel is estimated at 2.5 gallons/hr of diesel/
oxidation is achieved in the primary chamber.
stage gasification system described abo
controlled oxygen (air) input and gasifies the material. Gasses are fully combusted with air
in the second stage, producing steam in a boiler. The system generates ash and exhaust gasses. The solid
material remaining is the ash waste product which is mechanically removed from the bottom of the
to produce medium
the steam will be transferred to Kotzebue’s incoming raw water flow via jacketing or hot plate heat
Feed control and plant operations are managed automatically via control panel and programmable logic
process and is collected as noted in the energy generation section.
The amount of ash produced will likely range from 10-15
dependent on the feedstock, moisture content and the transformational process noted abov
produced by the system is expected to be disposed of in the city landfill.
design of a 2-stage gasification system fuel by unsorted
As with the RDF boiler conceptual design, this
onditions specific to the site, at a level corresponding to standard engineering practices of
The system process flow is described in sequence in the following section and a
supplied below as Figure 5-3.
essentially unsorted municipal solid waste. Visual inspection of
the waste stream to remove potentially explosive items (canisters, etc) or hazardo
large batteries is all that is required prior to being fed into the gasifier.
Once at the project site, the bales will be passed through an MSW shredder. This will serve to reduce
amenable to use within the gasification system.
Feedstock material will be introduced to the combustion system via auger, which will continuously load
required onsite 24/
at 2.5 gallons/hr of diesel/
stage gasification system described above. The first stage operates with limited
controlled oxygen (air) input and gasifies the material. Gasses are fully combusted with air
in the second stage, producing steam in a boiler. The system generates ash and exhaust gasses. The solid
material remaining is the ash waste product which is mechanically removed from the bottom of the
medium pressure
ing raw water flow via jacketing or hot plate heat
Feed control and plant operations are managed automatically via control panel and programmable logic
process and is collected as noted in the energy generation section.
15 percent of the original feedstock, but is
dependent on the feedstock, moisture content and the transformational process noted abov
produced by the system is expected to be disposed of in the city landfill.
stage gasification system fuel by unsorted
As with the RDF boiler conceptual design, this plant design is engineered
onditions specific to the site, at a level corresponding to standard engineering practices of
The system process flow is described in sequence in the following section and a
essentially unsorted municipal solid waste. Visual inspection of
the waste stream to remove potentially explosive items (canisters, etc) or hazardous materials such as
Once at the project site, the bales will be passed through an MSW shredder. This will serve to reduce
amenable to use within the gasification system.
auger, which will continuously load
onsite 24/7 to assure material flow is not
at 2.5 gallons/hr of diesel/fuel oil required to ensure
ve. The first stage operates with limited
controlled oxygen (air) input and gasifies the material. Gasses are fully combusted with air
in the second stage, producing steam in a boiler. The system generates ash and exhaust gasses. The solid
material remaining is the ash waste product which is mechanically removed from the bottom of the
pressure steam (50-150
ing raw water flow via jacketing or hot plate heat
Feed control and plant operations are managed automatically via control panel and programmable logic
process and is collected as noted in the energy generation section.
percent of the original feedstock, but is
dependent on the feedstock, moisture content and the transformational process noted abov
December 2012
stage gasification system fuel by unsorted
plant design is engineered
onditions specific to the site, at a level corresponding to standard engineering practices of
The system process flow is described in sequence in the following section and a
essentially unsorted municipal solid waste. Visual inspection of
us materials such as
Once at the project site, the bales will be passed through an MSW shredder. This will serve to reduce
amenable to use within the gasification system.
auger, which will continuously load
7 to assure material flow is not
required to ensure
ve. The first stage operates with limited
controlled oxygen (air) input and gasifies the material. Gasses are fully combusted with air
in the second stage, producing steam in a boiler. The system generates ash and exhaust gasses. The solid
material remaining is the ash waste product which is mechanically removed from the bottom of the
150 psi).Energy from
ing raw water flow via jacketing or hot plate heat
Feed control and plant operations are managed automatically via control panel and programmable logic
process and is collected as noted in the energy generation section.
percent of the original feedstock, but is
dependent on the feedstock, moisture content and the transformational process noted above.
December 2012
stage gasification system fuel by unsorted
plant design is engineered
onditions specific to the site, at a level corresponding to standard engineering practices of
The system process flow is described in sequence in the following section and a
essentially unsorted municipal solid waste. Visual inspection of
us materials such as
Once at the project site, the bales will be passed through an MSW shredder. This will serve to reduce
amenable to use within the gasification system.
auger, which will continuously load
7 to assure material flow is not
required to ensure
ve. The first stage operates with limited
controlled oxygen (air) input and gasifies the material. Gasses are fully combusted with air
in the second stage, producing steam in a boiler. The system generates ash and exhaust gasses. The solid
material remaining is the ash waste product which is mechanically removed from the bottom of the
Energy from
ing raw water flow via jacketing or hot plate heat
Feed control and plant operations are managed automatically via control panel and programmable logic
process and is collected as noted in the energy generation section.
percent of the original feedstock, but is
e.Ash
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
5-8
Air Pollution Control
and is denoted as “gas
contaminates are removed from the combustion gasses.
Air emissions will be required to meet regulations determined by the Federal EPA and State
environmental regulatory agency. APC equipment wil
would likely include one or more standard technologies, including cyclone dust collectors, baghouses,
and electrostatic precipitators.
chemical addition, adsorbents and absorbents, and filters to bind the chemical pollutants, and then trap
the particulate emissions through the use of bag house filters. The wet systems have a 'blow
stream and a 'make
discharged to outfall, or reused in the manufacturing process. A dry system will have filters that collect
particles. In this the particles can be dislodged from the filters and disposed of, and the filters reused.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
Air Pollution Control
and is denoted as “gas
contaminates are removed from the combustion gasses.
Air emissions will be required to meet regulations determined by the Federal EPA and State
environmental regulatory agency. APC equipment wil
would likely include one or more standard technologies, including cyclone dust collectors, baghouses,
and electrostatic precipitators.
mical addition, adsorbents and absorbents, and filters to bind the chemical pollutants, and then trap
the particulate emissions through the use of bag house filters. The wet systems have a 'blow
stream and a 'make
discharged to outfall, or reused in the manufacturing process. A dry system will have filters that collect
particles. In this the particles can be dislodged from the filters and disposed of, and the filters reused.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
Air Pollution Control (APC)is the final treatment of the gas stream prior to release into the atmosphere
and is denoted as “gas cleanup” in Figure
contaminates are removed from the combustion gasses.
Air emissions will be required to meet regulations determined by the Federal EPA and State
environmental regulatory agency. APC equipment wil
would likely include one or more standard technologies, including cyclone dust collectors, baghouses,
and electrostatic precipitators.
mical addition, adsorbents and absorbents, and filters to bind the chemical pollutants, and then trap
the particulate emissions through the use of bag house filters. The wet systems have a 'blow
stream and a 'make-up' stream that will need to be cons
discharged to outfall, or reused in the manufacturing process. A dry system will have filters that collect
particles. In this the particles can be dislodged from the filters and disposed of, and the filters reused.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
is the final treatment of the gas stream prior to release into the atmosphere
cleanup” in Figure 5-3.
contaminates are removed from the combustion gasses.
Air emissions will be required to meet regulations determined by the Federal EPA and State
environmental regulatory agency. APC equipment wil
would likely include one or more standard technologies, including cyclone dust collectors, baghouses,
and electrostatic precipitators.APCs can be categorized into two types: wet or dry. Both types use
mical addition, adsorbents and absorbents, and filters to bind the chemical pollutants, and then trap
the particulate emissions through the use of bag house filters. The wet systems have a 'blow
up' stream that will need to be cons
discharged to outfall, or reused in the manufacturing process. A dry system will have filters that collect
particles. In this the particles can be dislodged from the filters and disposed of, and the filters reused.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
is the final treatment of the gas stream prior to release into the atmosphere
.This gas cleanup step will ensure that NOx, SOx, and other
contaminates are removed from the combustion gasses.
Air emissions will be required to meet regulations determined by the Federal EPA and State
environmental regulatory agency. APC equipment will be selected further into the design process, but
would likely include one or more standard technologies, including cyclone dust collectors, baghouses,
APCs can be categorized into two types: wet or dry. Both types use
mical addition, adsorbents and absorbents, and filters to bind the chemical pollutants, and then trap
the particulate emissions through the use of bag house filters. The wet systems have a 'blow
up' stream that will need to be cons
discharged to outfall, or reused in the manufacturing process. A dry system will have filters that collect
particles. In this the particles can be dislodged from the filters and disposed of, and the filters reused.
is the final treatment of the gas stream prior to release into the atmosphere
This gas cleanup step will ensure that NOx, SOx, and other
Air emissions will be required to meet regulations determined by the Federal EPA and State
l be selected further into the design process, but
would likely include one or more standard technologies, including cyclone dust collectors, baghouses,
APCs can be categorized into two types: wet or dry. Both types use
mical addition, adsorbents and absorbents, and filters to bind the chemical pollutants, and then trap
the particulate emissions through the use of bag house filters. The wet systems have a 'blow
up' stream that will need to be considered. The blow
discharged to outfall, or reused in the manufacturing process. A dry system will have filters that collect
particles. In this the particles can be dislodged from the filters and disposed of, and the filters reused.
is the final treatment of the gas stream prior to release into the atmosphere
This gas cleanup step will ensure that NOx, SOx, and other
Air emissions will be required to meet regulations determined by the Federal EPA and State
l be selected further into the design process, but
would likely include one or more standard technologies, including cyclone dust collectors, baghouses,
APCs can be categorized into two types: wet or dry. Both types use
mical addition, adsorbents and absorbents, and filters to bind the chemical pollutants, and then trap
the particulate emissions through the use of bag house filters. The wet systems have a 'blow
idered. The blow-down stream is dried,
discharged to outfall, or reused in the manufacturing process. A dry system will have filters that collect
particles. In this the particles can be dislodged from the filters and disposed of, and the filters reused.
December 2012
is the final treatment of the gas stream prior to release into the atmosphere
This gas cleanup step will ensure that NOx, SOx, and other
Air emissions will be required to meet regulations determined by the Federal EPA and State
l be selected further into the design process, but
would likely include one or more standard technologies, including cyclone dust collectors, baghouses,
APCs can be categorized into two types: wet or dry. Both types use
mical addition, adsorbents and absorbents, and filters to bind the chemical pollutants, and then trap
the particulate emissions through the use of bag house filters. The wet systems have a 'blow-down'
down stream is dried,
discharged to outfall, or reused in the manufacturing process. A dry system will have filters that collect
particles. In this the particles can be dislodged from the filters and disposed of, and the filters reused.
December 2012
is the final treatment of the gas stream prior to release into the atmosphere
This gas cleanup step will ensure that NOx, SOx, and other
Air emissions will be required to meet regulations determined by the Federal EPA and State
l be selected further into the design process, but
would likely include one or more standard technologies, including cyclone dust collectors, baghouses,
APCs can be categorized into two types: wet or dry. Both types use
mical addition, adsorbents and absorbents, and filters to bind the chemical pollutants, and then trap
down'
down stream is dried,
discharged to outfall, or reused in the manufacturing process. A dry system will have filters that collect
particles. In this the particles can be dislodged from the filters and disposed of, and the filters reused.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
5
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
5-9
Figure 5-4:Scenario 2
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
Scenario 2 –MSW Gasifier
FEASIBILITY STUDY
MSW Gasifier Block Flow Diagram
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Block Flow Diagram
December 2012December 2012
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
5-10
5.4 BIOMASS POWER PLANT
Scenario 1 is expected to be in operation during normal business hours, or whenever buildings need to be
heated. Scenario 2
automated to maintain the feed and monitor the operations, but will require regular shifts of operators.
Scenario 1 requires only a boiler operator to oversee operations. It is expected that current refuse system
employees will be available to assist in sorting and transport of feedstock to the process building on an as
needed basis. This is contingent on the
advantage of feedstock hoppers and the project PLC to
For scenario 2,
oversee day to day operations, environmental monitoring, management of truck traffic in and out, and
scheduling of repairs and down time.
boiler operator will also be re
Scheduled maintenance will need to be conducted on the system at periodic intervals. The biomass power
plant is assumed to have 95% uptime, corresponding to approximately 350 days per year of consistent
operation.
It is noted that the operation of
facility such as this comes under oversight by many authorities
of Environmental Conservation (AK DEC), Alaska Department of Labor and Wor
others. Operating the proposed facility to the highest level of regulatory
goal of the City of Kotzebue
The major variables for facility operation, as well as modeling the project’s financial perfor
product yields, product and raw material pricing, labor costs, energy consumption and pricing, capital costs
including engineering, procurement and construction of the plants and all supporting facilities and systems,
project development cos
operational
expenditures for both scenarios are described in Section 7.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
BIOMASS POWER PLANT
Scenario 1 is expected to be in operation during normal business hours, or whenever buildings need to be
heated. Scenario 2 designed to operate 24 hours per day, 7 days per week (24/7). The system will be
automated to maintain the feed and monitor the operations, but will require regular shifts of operators.
Scenario 1 requires only a boiler operator to oversee operations. It is expected that current refuse system
employees will be available to assist in sorting and transport of feedstock to the process building on an as
needed basis. This is contingent on the
advantage of feedstock hoppers and the project PLC to
For scenario 2,four employees are required for 24/7/365 operations.
oversee day to day operations, environmental monitoring, management of truck traffic in and out, and
scheduling of repairs and down time.
erator will also be re
Scheduled maintenance will need to be conducted on the system at periodic intervals. The biomass power
plant is assumed to have 95% uptime, corresponding to approximately 350 days per year of consistent
operation.
It is noted that the operation of
facility such as this comes under oversight by many authorities
of Environmental Conservation (AK DEC), Alaska Department of Labor and Wor
others. Operating the proposed facility to the highest level of regulatory
the City of Kotzebue
The major variables for facility operation, as well as modeling the project’s financial perfor
product yields, product and raw material pricing, labor costs, energy consumption and pricing, capital costs
including engineering, procurement and construction of the plants and all supporting facilities and systems,
project development cos
operational facility parameters for both plant configurations are
expenditures for both scenarios are described in Section 7.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
BIOMASS POWER PLANT OPERATIONAL CONSIDER
Scenario 1 is expected to be in operation during normal business hours, or whenever buildings need to be
designed to operate 24 hours per day, 7 days per week (24/7). The system will be
automated to maintain the feed and monitor the operations, but will require regular shifts of operators.
Scenario 1 requires only a boiler operator to oversee operations. It is expected that current refuse system
employees will be available to assist in sorting and transport of feedstock to the process building on an as
needed basis. This is contingent on the
advantage of feedstock hoppers and the project PLC to
four employees are required for 24/7/365 operations.
oversee day to day operations, environmental monitoring, management of truck traffic in and out, and
scheduling of repairs and down time.
erator will also be required.
Scheduled maintenance will need to be conducted on the system at periodic intervals. The biomass power
plant is assumed to have 95% uptime, corresponding to approximately 350 days per year of consistent
It is noted that the operation of the prospective biomass power plant will require regulatory oversight. A
facility such as this comes under oversight by many authorities
of Environmental Conservation (AK DEC), Alaska Department of Labor and Wor
others. Operating the proposed facility to the highest level of regulatory
the City of Kotzebue.
The major variables for facility operation, as well as modeling the project’s financial perfor
product yields, product and raw material pricing, labor costs, energy consumption and pricing, capital costs
including engineering, procurement and construction of the plants and all supporting facilities and systems,
project development costs, financing costs, start
facility parameters for both plant configurations are
expenditures for both scenarios are described in Section 7.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
OPERATIONAL CONSIDER
Scenario 1 is expected to be in operation during normal business hours, or whenever buildings need to be
designed to operate 24 hours per day, 7 days per week (24/7). The system will be
automated to maintain the feed and monitor the operations, but will require regular shifts of operators.
Scenario 1 requires only a boiler operator to oversee operations. It is expected that current refuse system
employees will be available to assist in sorting and transport of feedstock to the process building on an as
needed basis. This is contingent on the plant being built on the Public Works campus.
advantage of feedstock hoppers and the project PLC to
four employees are required for 24/7/365 operations.
oversee day to day operations, environmental monitoring, management of truck traffic in and out, and
scheduling of repairs and down time.Two (2) shift employees cover the majority of operational shifts, and a
Scheduled maintenance will need to be conducted on the system at periodic intervals. The biomass power
plant is assumed to have 95% uptime, corresponding to approximately 350 days per year of consistent
the prospective biomass power plant will require regulatory oversight. A
facility such as this comes under oversight by many authorities
of Environmental Conservation (AK DEC), Alaska Department of Labor and Wor
others. Operating the proposed facility to the highest level of regulatory
The major variables for facility operation, as well as modeling the project’s financial perfor
product yields, product and raw material pricing, labor costs, energy consumption and pricing, capital costs
including engineering, procurement and construction of the plants and all supporting facilities and systems,
ts, financing costs, start
facility parameters for both plant configurations are
expenditures for both scenarios are described in Section 7.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
OPERATIONAL CONSIDER
Scenario 1 is expected to be in operation during normal business hours, or whenever buildings need to be
designed to operate 24 hours per day, 7 days per week (24/7). The system will be
automated to maintain the feed and monitor the operations, but will require regular shifts of operators.
Scenario 1 requires only a boiler operator to oversee operations. It is expected that current refuse system
employees will be available to assist in sorting and transport of feedstock to the process building on an as
plant being built on the Public Works campus.
advantage of feedstock hoppers and the project PLC to assist with
four employees are required for 24/7/365 operations.
oversee day to day operations, environmental monitoring, management of truck traffic in and out, and
Two (2) shift employees cover the majority of operational shifts, and a
Scheduled maintenance will need to be conducted on the system at periodic intervals. The biomass power
plant is assumed to have 95% uptime, corresponding to approximately 350 days per year of consistent
the prospective biomass power plant will require regulatory oversight. A
facility such as this comes under oversight by many authorities
of Environmental Conservation (AK DEC), Alaska Department of Labor and Wor
others. Operating the proposed facility to the highest level of regulatory
The major variables for facility operation, as well as modeling the project’s financial perfor
product yields, product and raw material pricing, labor costs, energy consumption and pricing, capital costs
including engineering, procurement and construction of the plants and all supporting facilities and systems,
ts, financing costs, start-up costs, working capital and inventory costs. Major
facility parameters for both plant configurations are
expenditures for both scenarios are described in Section 7.
OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS
Scenario 1 is expected to be in operation during normal business hours, or whenever buildings need to be
designed to operate 24 hours per day, 7 days per week (24/7). The system will be
automated to maintain the feed and monitor the operations, but will require regular shifts of operators.
Scenario 1 requires only a boiler operator to oversee operations. It is expected that current refuse system
employees will be available to assist in sorting and transport of feedstock to the process building on an as
plant being built on the Public Works campus.
assist with overnight and weekend operations.
four employees are required for 24/7/365 operations.One
oversee day to day operations, environmental monitoring, management of truck traffic in and out, and
Two (2) shift employees cover the majority of operational shifts, and a
Scheduled maintenance will need to be conducted on the system at periodic intervals. The biomass power
plant is assumed to have 95% uptime, corresponding to approximately 350 days per year of consistent
the prospective biomass power plant will require regulatory oversight. A
facility such as this comes under oversight by many authorities including: US EPA, OSHA,
of Environmental Conservation (AK DEC), Alaska Department of Labor and Wor
others. Operating the proposed facility to the highest level of regulatory compliance should be a primary
The major variables for facility operation, as well as modeling the project’s financial perfor
product yields, product and raw material pricing, labor costs, energy consumption and pricing, capital costs
including engineering, procurement and construction of the plants and all supporting facilities and systems,
up costs, working capital and inventory costs. Major
facility parameters for both plant configurations are shown in Table
Scenario 1 is expected to be in operation during normal business hours, or whenever buildings need to be
designed to operate 24 hours per day, 7 days per week (24/7). The system will be
automated to maintain the feed and monitor the operations, but will require regular shifts of operators.
Scenario 1 requires only a boiler operator to oversee operations. It is expected that current refuse system
employees will be available to assist in sorting and transport of feedstock to the process building on an as
plant being built on the Public Works campus.
overnight and weekend operations.
One shift team leader
oversee day to day operations, environmental monitoring, management of truck traffic in and out, and
Two (2) shift employees cover the majority of operational shifts, and a
Scheduled maintenance will need to be conducted on the system at periodic intervals. The biomass power
plant is assumed to have 95% uptime, corresponding to approximately 350 days per year of consistent
the prospective biomass power plant will require regulatory oversight. A
including: US EPA, OSHA,
of Environmental Conservation (AK DEC), Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce Development,
compliance should be a primary
The major variables for facility operation, as well as modeling the project’s financial perfor
product yields, product and raw material pricing, labor costs, energy consumption and pricing, capital costs
including engineering, procurement and construction of the plants and all supporting facilities and systems,
up costs, working capital and inventory costs. Major
shown in Table 5-2.Capital and operational
December 2012
Scenario 1 is expected to be in operation during normal business hours, or whenever buildings need to be
designed to operate 24 hours per day, 7 days per week (24/7). The system will be
automated to maintain the feed and monitor the operations, but will require regular shifts of operators.
Scenario 1 requires only a boiler operator to oversee operations. It is expected that current refuse system
employees will be available to assist in sorting and transport of feedstock to the process building on an as
plant being built on the Public Works campus.The system
overnight and weekend operations.
shift team leader is expected to
oversee day to day operations, environmental monitoring, management of truck traffic in and out, and
Two (2) shift employees cover the majority of operational shifts, and a
Scheduled maintenance will need to be conducted on the system at periodic intervals. The biomass power
plant is assumed to have 95% uptime, corresponding to approximately 350 days per year of consistent
the prospective biomass power plant will require regulatory oversight. A
including: US EPA, OSHA,Alaska Department
kforce Development,
compliance should be a primary
The major variables for facility operation, as well as modeling the project’s financial performance, include
product yields, product and raw material pricing, labor costs, energy consumption and pricing, capital costs
including engineering, procurement and construction of the plants and all supporting facilities and systems,
up costs, working capital and inventory costs. Major
Capital and operational
December 2012
Scenario 1 is expected to be in operation during normal business hours, or whenever buildings need to be
designed to operate 24 hours per day, 7 days per week (24/7). The system will be
automated to maintain the feed and monitor the operations, but will require regular shifts of operators.
Scenario 1 requires only a boiler operator to oversee operations. It is expected that current refuse system
employees will be available to assist in sorting and transport of feedstock to the process building on an as-
The system takes
is expected to
oversee day to day operations, environmental monitoring, management of truck traffic in and out, and
Two (2) shift employees cover the majority of operational shifts, and a
Scheduled maintenance will need to be conducted on the system at periodic intervals. The biomass power
plant is assumed to have 95% uptime, corresponding to approximately 350 days per year of consistent
the prospective biomass power plant will require regulatory oversight. A
Alaska Department
kforce Development,and
compliance should be a primary
mance, include
product yields, product and raw material pricing, labor costs, energy consumption and pricing, capital costs
including engineering, procurement and construction of the plants and all supporting facilities and systems,
up costs, working capital and inventory costs. Major
Capital and operational
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
5-11
Table
Landfill Diversion
(ton/yr)
Fuel Oil Replaced
(gal/yr)
Operators Needed
Throughput rate of
Feedstock (TPD)
Storage (cu.yds)
Ash disposal (ton/year)
Table
Plant
Feedstock
Electrical Inputs
Plant Outputs
System
Parameters
System Outputs
(Average)
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
5-2: Biomass
Facility Logistics
Landfill Diversion
(ton/yr)
Fuel Oil Replaced
(gal/yr)
Operators Needed
Throughput rate of
Feedstock (TPD)
Storage (cu.yds)
Ash disposal (ton/year)
Table 5-3: Biomass Energy
Plant Inputs
Feedstock
Electrical Inputs
Plant Outputs
System
Parameters
System Outputs
(Average)
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
: Biomass Energy Plant
Facility Logistics
Landfill Diversion
Fuel Oil Replaced
Operators Needed
Throughput rate of
Ash disposal (ton/year)
: Biomass Energy Plant
Type
Feedstock Demand (TPD)
Auxiliary Fuel (gal
fuel/day)
Feedstock Shortfall (MM BTU/yr)
Supplementary Feedstock Type
Supplementary Feedstock (TPY)
Parasitic Load (kWh/ raw ton)
Output Type
System Capacity (MM BTU)
Combustion Efficiency*
System Efficiency**
Hot Water (MM BTU/hr)
Hot Water (MM BTU/yr)
Ash (lbs/day)
Other Inert Material (lbs/day)
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Plant Operating Parameters
Scenario 1
314
31,300
0.94
195
29
Plant Inputs and Outputs
Feedstock Demand (TPD)
Auxiliary Fuel (gal heating
Feedstock Shortfall (MM BTU/yr)
Supplementary Feedstock Type
Supplementary Feedstock (TPY)
Parasitic Load (kWh/ raw ton)
Output Type
System Capacity (MM BTU)
Combustion Efficiency*
System Efficiency**
Hot Water (MM BTU/hr)
Hot Water (MM BTU/yr)
(lbs/day)
Other Inert Material (lbs/day)
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Operating Parameters
Scenario 2
314
1,300 100,200
1
0.94
195
29
Inputs and Outputs
heating
Feedstock Shortfall (MM BTU/yr)
Supplementary Feedstock Type Wood Pellets
Supplementary Feedstock (TPY)
Parasitic Load (kWh/ raw ton)
Thermal
System Capacity (MM BTU)
Other Inert Material (lbs/day)
Scenario 2
1,245
100,200
4
4.45
21
162
Scenario 1
RDF
0.94
294
Wood Pellets
40.9
2.50
Scenario 1
Thermal -Boiler
1.5
77%
0.39
3,135
160
Scenario 2
All MSW
0.94
-
294
-
Wood Pellets -
40.9
2.50
Scenario 2
Thermal -
1.5
77%
0.39
3,135
160
-
December 2012
Scenario 2
All MSW
4.45
60
-
-
-
2.71
Scenario 2
-Boiler
2.0
69%
1.26
12,205
770
1,190
December 2012
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
6-1
6 PERMITTINGAND ENVIR
Based on the proposed sites under consideration, developing a biomass
Kotzebue, Alaska,
can be one of the biggest obstacles to the development of any industrial plant.
industrial facility, construction and operation must be preceded by the acquisition of a broad range of
regulatory permits and approvals.
6.1 PERMIT
Based on
environmental permits.
construction and land use permits.
solid and hazardous waste, water quality, water use, wastewater disposa
other local permits, such as local building, transportation and other special use permits.
few of the primary permits that may be required for a biomass energy plant in Kotzebue, Alaska.
not exhaustive and may change based on the technology and site selected for the final project.
recommends contracting for the services of a permitting firm with experience in Alaska to navigate the
permitting process.
Clean Air Act
program for owners and operators of air pollution sources who want to request federally
limits on the source’s actual emissions or potential to emit (PTE).
maximum annual operational (production, throughput, etc
the capacity and configuration of the equipment and operations.
The primary reason for requesting federally
major source thresholds, therefore avoiding certain federal Clean Air Act requirements.
source threshold for any “air pollutant” is 100 tons/year and major source thresholds for “hazardous air
pollutants” (HAP) are 10 tons/year for a single HAP or 25 tons/year for any combination of HAP.
analyzed biomass
threshold and therefore will be subject to Non
State of Alaska DEC Air Permitting
regulate air emissions within the state.
producing
year of particulate matter, must apply for an air emissions permit, complete with dispersion modeling,
monitoring and reporting.
permit, but are expected to comply with federal emissions regulations.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
PERMITTINGAND ENVIR
Based on the proposed sites under consideration, developing a biomass
Kotzebue, Alaska,would require coordination with tribal, federal, state, and county personnel.
can be one of the biggest obstacles to the development of any industrial plant.
industrial facility, construction and operation must be preceded by the acquisition of a broad range of
regulatory permits and approvals.
PERMITTING REQUIREMENTS FO
Based on past project
environmental permits.
construction and land use permits.
solid and hazardous waste, water quality, water use, wastewater disposa
other local permits, such as local building, transportation and other special use permits.
few of the primary permits that may be required for a biomass energy plant in Kotzebue, Alaska.
not exhaustive and may change based on the technology and site selected for the final project.
recommends contracting for the services of a permitting firm with experience in Alaska to navigate the
permitting process.
Clean Air Act -Non
program for owners and operators of air pollution sources who want to request federally
limits on the source’s actual emissions or potential to emit (PTE).
maximum annual operational (production, throughput, etc
the capacity and configuration of the equipment and operations.
The primary reason for requesting federally
major source thresholds, therefore avoiding certain federal Clean Air Act requirements.
source threshold for any “air pollutant” is 100 tons/year and major source thresholds for “hazardous air
ollutants” (HAP) are 10 tons/year for a single HAP or 25 tons/year for any combination of HAP.
analyzed biomass energy
threshold and therefore will be subject to Non
State of Alaska DEC Air Permitting
regulate air emissions within the state.
producing over 40 tons per year of nitrogen oxides (NO
year of particulate matter, must apply for an air emissions permit, complete with dispersion modeling,
monitoring and reporting.
permit, but are expected to comply with federal emissions regulations.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
PERMITTINGAND ENVIR
Based on the proposed sites under consideration, developing a biomass
would require coordination with tribal, federal, state, and county personnel.
can be one of the biggest obstacles to the development of any industrial plant.
industrial facility, construction and operation must be preceded by the acquisition of a broad range of
regulatory permits and approvals.
TING REQUIREMENTS FO
past project experience, Tetra Tech assumes that the project will likely trigger several
environmental permits.These permits may include various federal, state and local environmental,
construction and land use permits.Examples of permitting concerns may include issues related to air quality,
solid and hazardous waste, water quality, water use, wastewater disposa
other local permits, such as local building, transportation and other special use permits.
few of the primary permits that may be required for a biomass energy plant in Kotzebue, Alaska.
not exhaustive and may change based on the technology and site selected for the final project.
recommends contracting for the services of a permitting firm with experience in Alaska to navigate the
Non-Title V Operating Permit
program for owners and operators of air pollution sources who want to request federally
limits on the source’s actual emissions or potential to emit (PTE).
maximum annual operational (production, throughput, etc
the capacity and configuration of the equipment and operations.
The primary reason for requesting federally
major source thresholds, therefore avoiding certain federal Clean Air Act requirements.
source threshold for any “air pollutant” is 100 tons/year and major source thresholds for “hazardous air
ollutants” (HAP) are 10 tons/year for a single HAP or 25 tons/year for any combination of HAP.
energy plant scenarios
threshold and therefore will be subject to Non
State of Alaska DEC Air Permitting
regulate air emissions within the state.
over 40 tons per year of nitrogen oxides (NO
year of particulate matter, must apply for an air emissions permit, complete with dispersion modeling,
monitoring and reporting.Facilities that produce less
permit, but are expected to comply with federal emissions regulations.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
PERMITTINGAND ENVIRONMENTALANALYSIS
Based on the proposed sites under consideration, developing a biomass
would require coordination with tribal, federal, state, and county personnel.
can be one of the biggest obstacles to the development of any industrial plant.
industrial facility, construction and operation must be preceded by the acquisition of a broad range of
TING REQUIREMENTS FOR A BIOMASS ENERGY P
experience, Tetra Tech assumes that the project will likely trigger several
These permits may include various federal, state and local environmental,
Examples of permitting concerns may include issues related to air quality,
solid and hazardous waste, water quality, water use, wastewater disposa
other local permits, such as local building, transportation and other special use permits.
few of the primary permits that may be required for a biomass energy plant in Kotzebue, Alaska.
not exhaustive and may change based on the technology and site selected for the final project.
recommends contracting for the services of a permitting firm with experience in Alaska to navigate the
Title V Operating Permit
program for owners and operators of air pollution sources who want to request federally
limits on the source’s actual emissions or potential to emit (PTE).
maximum annual operational (production, throughput, etc
the capacity and configuration of the equipment and operations.
The primary reason for requesting federally-enforceable
major source thresholds, therefore avoiding certain federal Clean Air Act requirements.
source threshold for any “air pollutant” is 100 tons/year and major source thresholds for “hazardous air
ollutants” (HAP) are 10 tons/year for a single HAP or 25 tons/year for any combination of HAP.
scenarios, and associated emission profiles, are expected to be below this
threshold and therefore will be subject to Non
State of Alaska DEC Air Permitting.AK DEC’s Division of Air Quality has the authority to permit and
regulate air emissions within the state.Alaska Air Quality Regulations 18
over 40 tons per year of nitrogen oxides (NO
year of particulate matter, must apply for an air emissions permit, complete with dispersion modeling,
Facilities that produce less
permit, but are expected to comply with federal emissions regulations.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
ONMENTALANALYSIS
Based on the proposed sites under consideration, developing a biomass
would require coordination with tribal, federal, state, and county personnel.
can be one of the biggest obstacles to the development of any industrial plant.
industrial facility, construction and operation must be preceded by the acquisition of a broad range of
R A BIOMASS ENERGY P
experience, Tetra Tech assumes that the project will likely trigger several
These permits may include various federal, state and local environmental,
Examples of permitting concerns may include issues related to air quality,
solid and hazardous waste, water quality, water use, wastewater disposa
other local permits, such as local building, transportation and other special use permits.
few of the primary permits that may be required for a biomass energy plant in Kotzebue, Alaska.
not exhaustive and may change based on the technology and site selected for the final project.
recommends contracting for the services of a permitting firm with experience in Alaska to navigate the
Title V Operating Permit – Part 70.40 CFR 49.139 establishes an operating permit
program for owners and operators of air pollution sources who want to request federally
limits on the source’s actual emissions or potential to emit (PTE).
maximum annual operational (production, throughput, etc
the capacity and configuration of the equipment and operations.
enforceable limitations is to reduce a facility’s PTE to below
major source thresholds, therefore avoiding certain federal Clean Air Act requirements.
source threshold for any “air pollutant” is 100 tons/year and major source thresholds for “hazardous air
ollutants” (HAP) are 10 tons/year for a single HAP or 25 tons/year for any combination of HAP.
, and associated emission profiles, are expected to be below this
threshold and therefore will be subject to Non-Title V Operating Permit procedures.
AK DEC’s Division of Air Quality has the authority to permit and
Alaska Air Quality Regulations 18
over 40 tons per year of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and/or sulfur oxides (SO
year of particulate matter, must apply for an air emissions permit, complete with dispersion modeling,
Facilities that produce less than these limits are not required to obtain a state
permit, but are expected to comply with federal emissions regulations.
ONMENTALANALYSIS
Based on the proposed sites under consideration, developing a biomass
would require coordination with tribal, federal, state, and county personnel.
can be one of the biggest obstacles to the development of any industrial plant.
industrial facility, construction and operation must be preceded by the acquisition of a broad range of
R A BIOMASS ENERGY PLANT
experience, Tetra Tech assumes that the project will likely trigger several
These permits may include various federal, state and local environmental,
Examples of permitting concerns may include issues related to air quality,
solid and hazardous waste, water quality, water use, wastewater disposal, tank registration as well as various
other local permits, such as local building, transportation and other special use permits.
few of the primary permits that may be required for a biomass energy plant in Kotzebue, Alaska.
not exhaustive and may change based on the technology and site selected for the final project.
recommends contracting for the services of a permitting firm with experience in Alaska to navigate the
40 CFR 49.139 establishes an operating permit
program for owners and operators of air pollution sources who want to request federally
limits on the source’s actual emissions or potential to emit (PTE).A f
maximum annual operational (production, throughput, etc.) rate of the facility taking into consideration
the capacity and configuration of the equipment and operations.
limitations is to reduce a facility’s PTE to below
major source thresholds, therefore avoiding certain federal Clean Air Act requirements.
source threshold for any “air pollutant” is 100 tons/year and major source thresholds for “hazardous air
ollutants” (HAP) are 10 tons/year for a single HAP or 25 tons/year for any combination of HAP.
, and associated emission profiles, are expected to be below this
e V Operating Permit procedures.
AK DEC’s Division of Air Quality has the authority to permit and
Alaska Air Quality Regulations 18
) and/or sulfur oxides (SO
year of particulate matter, must apply for an air emissions permit, complete with dispersion modeling,
than these limits are not required to obtain a state
permit, but are expected to comply with federal emissions regulations.
Based on the proposed sites under consideration, developing a biomass energy plant
would require coordination with tribal, federal, state, and county personnel.
can be one of the biggest obstacles to the development of any industrial plant.As in the case of any
industrial facility, construction and operation must be preceded by the acquisition of a broad range of
LANT
experience, Tetra Tech assumes that the project will likely trigger several
These permits may include various federal, state and local environmental,
Examples of permitting concerns may include issues related to air quality,
l, tank registration as well as various
other local permits, such as local building, transportation and other special use permits.Below are outlined a
few of the primary permits that may be required for a biomass energy plant in Kotzebue, Alaska.
not exhaustive and may change based on the technology and site selected for the final project.
recommends contracting for the services of a permitting firm with experience in Alaska to navigate the
40 CFR 49.139 establishes an operating permit
program for owners and operators of air pollution sources who want to request federally
A facility’s PTE is based on the
) rate of the facility taking into consideration
limitations is to reduce a facility’s PTE to below
major source thresholds, therefore avoiding certain federal Clean Air Act requirements.
source threshold for any “air pollutant” is 100 tons/year and major source thresholds for “hazardous air
ollutants” (HAP) are 10 tons/year for a single HAP or 25 tons/year for any combination of HAP.
, and associated emission profiles, are expected to be below this
e V Operating Permit procedures.
AK DEC’s Division of Air Quality has the authority to permit and
Alaska Air Quality Regulations 18-AAC-50 stipulates that facilities
) and/or sulfur oxides (SOx), and/or 15 tons per
year of particulate matter, must apply for an air emissions permit, complete with dispersion modeling,
than these limits are not required to obtain a state
permit, but are expected to comply with federal emissions regulations.Laboratory testing will be
December 2012
plant in the vicinity of
would require coordination with tribal, federal, state, and county personnel.Permitting
As in the case of any
industrial facility, construction and operation must be preceded by the acquisition of a broad range of
experience, Tetra Tech assumes that the project will likely trigger several
These permits may include various federal, state and local environmental,
Examples of permitting concerns may include issues related to air quality,
l, tank registration as well as various
Below are outlined a
few of the primary permits that may be required for a biomass energy plant in Kotzebue, Alaska.This l
not exhaustive and may change based on the technology and site selected for the final project.Tetra Tech
recommends contracting for the services of a permitting firm with experience in Alaska to navigate the
40 CFR 49.139 establishes an operating permit
program for owners and operators of air pollution sources who want to request federally-enforceable
acility’s PTE is based on the
) rate of the facility taking into consideration
limitations is to reduce a facility’s PTE to below
major source thresholds, therefore avoiding certain federal Clean Air Act requirements.The major
source threshold for any “air pollutant” is 100 tons/year and major source thresholds for “hazardous air
ollutants” (HAP) are 10 tons/year for a single HAP or 25 tons/year for any combination of HAP.
, and associated emission profiles, are expected to be below this
AK DEC’s Division of Air Quality has the authority to permit and
50 stipulates that facilities
), and/or 15 tons per
year of particulate matter, must apply for an air emissions permit, complete with dispersion modeling,
than these limits are not required to obtain a state
Laboratory testing will be
December 2012
in the vicinity of
mitting
As in the case of any
industrial facility, construction and operation must be preceded by the acquisition of a broad range of
experience, Tetra Tech assumes that the project will likely trigger several
These permits may include various federal, state and local environmental,
Examples of permitting concerns may include issues related to air quality,
l, tank registration as well as various
Below are outlined a
This list is
Tetra Tech
recommends contracting for the services of a permitting firm with experience in Alaska to navigate the
40 CFR 49.139 establishes an operating permit
enforceable
acility’s PTE is based on the
) rate of the facility taking into consideration
limitations is to reduce a facility’s PTE to below
The major
source threshold for any “air pollutant” is 100 tons/year and major source thresholds for “hazardous air
ollutants” (HAP) are 10 tons/year for a single HAP or 25 tons/year for any combination of HAP.The
, and associated emission profiles, are expected to be below this
AK DEC’s Division of Air Quality has the authority to permit and
50 stipulates that facilities
), and/or 15 tons per
year of particulate matter, must apply for an air emissions permit, complete with dispersion modeling,
than these limits are not required to obtain a state
Laboratory testing will be
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
6-2
required to determine whether the proposed biomass energy plant scenarios will be exempt from state
permitting obligations.
Emergency Planning
Facilities must complete and submit a Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Form annually for each of the
more than 600 Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) chemicals that are manufactured or otherwise used abo
the applicable threshold quantities. It is not expected that hazardous waste will be produced directly by
the process based on the expected composition of material input. Maintenance operations could
produce hazardous waste, however, and the following
sources.
o
o
A Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) test
to characterize the waste as hazardous or non
disposed of at approved municipal solid waste landfills.
permitted hazardous waste facilities, and may need to be transported out of Kotzebue for disposal
that appears
material.
State of Alaska DEC Solid Waste Regulations
acceptance of wastes to local land
an application for any facility treating municipal solid waste.
treating less than
should be below that permit threshold and exempt, but contact with state representatives is
encouraged.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
required to determine whether the proposed biomass energy plant scenarios will be exempt from state
itting obligations.
Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation
Division of Air Quality
410 Willoughby Ave., Suite 303
Juneau, AK 99811
(907) 465
Program Manager: John Kuterbach
Emergency Planning
Facilities must complete and submit a Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Form annually for each of the
more than 600 Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) chemicals that are manufactured or otherwise used abo
the applicable threshold quantities. It is not expected that hazardous waste will be produced directly by
the process based on the expected composition of material input. Maintenance operations could
produce hazardous waste, however, and the following
sources.
Residual fly ash
Residual bottom ash
A Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) test
to characterize the waste as hazardous or non
disposed of at approved municipal solid waste landfills.
permitted hazardous waste facilities, and may need to be transported out of Kotzebue for disposal
that appears unlikely
material.
State of Alaska DEC Solid Waste Regulations
acceptance of wastes to local land
an application for any facility treating municipal solid waste.
treating less than five (
should be below that permit threshold and exempt, but contact with state representatives is
encouraged.Contact information:
Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation
Division of Environmental Health
Solid Waste Program
610 University Avenue
Fairbanks, AK 99709
(907) 451
Project Contact: Ken Spires
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
required to determine whether the proposed biomass energy plant scenarios will be exempt from state
itting obligations.Contact information:
Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation
Division of Air Quality
410 Willoughby Ave., Suite 303
Juneau, AK 99811-1800
(907) 465-5100
Program Manager: John Kuterbach
Emergency Planning and Community Right
Facilities must complete and submit a Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Form annually for each of the
more than 600 Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) chemicals that are manufactured or otherwise used abo
the applicable threshold quantities. It is not expected that hazardous waste will be produced directly by
the process based on the expected composition of material input. Maintenance operations could
produce hazardous waste, however, and the following
Residual fly ash
esidual bottom ash
A Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) test
to characterize the waste as hazardous or non
disposed of at approved municipal solid waste landfills.
permitted hazardous waste facilities, and may need to be transported out of Kotzebue for disposal
unlikely.A similar system in Barrow, AK, has passed every TCLP test taken on its ash
State of Alaska DEC Solid Waste Regulations
acceptance of wastes to local land
an application for any facility treating municipal solid waste.
five (5)tons per day
should be below that permit threshold and exempt, but contact with state representatives is
Contact information:
Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation
Division of Environmental Health
Solid Waste Program
610 University Avenue
Fairbanks, AK 99709
(907) 451-2134
Project Contact: Ken Spires
FEASIBILITY STUDY
required to determine whether the proposed biomass energy plant scenarios will be exempt from state
Contact information:
Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation
Division of Air Quality
410 Willoughby Ave., Suite 303
1800
Program Manager: John Kuterbach
and Community Right-to
Facilities must complete and submit a Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Form annually for each of the
more than 600 Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) chemicals that are manufactured or otherwise used abo
the applicable threshold quantities. It is not expected that hazardous waste will be produced directly by
the process based on the expected composition of material input. Maintenance operations could
produce hazardous waste, however, and the following
A Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) test
to characterize the waste as hazardous or non
disposed of at approved municipal solid waste landfills.
permitted hazardous waste facilities, and may need to be transported out of Kotzebue for disposal
A similar system in Barrow, AK, has passed every TCLP test taken on its ash
State of Alaska DEC Solid Waste Regulations.
acceptance of wastes to local landfills, including ash res
an application for any facility treating municipal solid waste.
tons per day, or ten (
should be below that permit threshold and exempt, but contact with state representatives is
Contact information:
Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation
Division of Environmental Health
Solid Waste Program
610 University Avenue
Fairbanks, AK 99709
Project Contact: Ken Spires
FEASIBILITY STUDY
required to determine whether the proposed biomass energy plant scenarios will be exempt from state
Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation
Program Manager: John Kuterbach
to-Know Act (EPCRA)
Facilities must complete and submit a Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Form annually for each of the
more than 600 Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) chemicals that are manufactured or otherwise used abo
the applicable threshold quantities. It is not expected that hazardous waste will be produced directly by
the process based on the expected composition of material input. Maintenance operations could
produce hazardous waste, however, and the following waste streams should be considered as potential
A Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) test may need to be
to characterize the waste as hazardous or non-hazardous.
disposed of at approved municipal solid waste landfills.Hazardous wastes need to be disposed of in
permitted hazardous waste facilities, and may need to be transported out of Kotzebue for disposal
A similar system in Barrow, AK, has passed every TCLP test taken on its ash
.AK DEC’s Solid Waste Program will be
fills, including ash residuals.
an application for any facility treating municipal solid waste.
ten (10)tons per batch
should be below that permit threshold and exempt, but contact with state representatives is
Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation
required to determine whether the proposed biomass energy plant scenarios will be exempt from state
Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation
Know Act (EPCRA)Section 313: Toxics Release Inventory.
Facilities must complete and submit a Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Form annually for each of the
more than 600 Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) chemicals that are manufactured or otherwise used abo
the applicable threshold quantities. It is not expected that hazardous waste will be produced directly by
the process based on the expected composition of material input. Maintenance operations could
waste streams should be considered as potential
may need to be
hazardous.Non-hazardous waste should be properly
Hazardous wastes need to be disposed of in
permitted hazardous waste facilities, and may need to be transported out of Kotzebue for disposal
A similar system in Barrow, AK, has passed every TCLP test taken on its ash
AK DEC’s Solid Waste Program will be
iduals.As well, the Solid Waste program requires
an application for any facility treating municipal solid waste.Exemptions are allowed for facilities
tons per batch.Both proposed project scenarios
should be below that permit threshold and exempt, but contact with state representatives is
Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation
required to determine whether the proposed biomass energy plant scenarios will be exempt from state
Section 313: Toxics Release Inventory.
Facilities must complete and submit a Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Form annually for each of the
more than 600 Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) chemicals that are manufactured or otherwise used abo
the applicable threshold quantities. It is not expected that hazardous waste will be produced directly by
the process based on the expected composition of material input. Maintenance operations could
waste streams should be considered as potential
may need to be conducted on the ash residuals
hazardous waste should be properly
Hazardous wastes need to be disposed of in
permitted hazardous waste facilities, and may need to be transported out of Kotzebue for disposal
A similar system in Barrow, AK, has passed every TCLP test taken on its ash
AK DEC’s Solid Waste Program will be
As well, the Solid Waste program requires
Exemptions are allowed for facilities
Both proposed project scenarios
should be below that permit threshold and exempt, but contact with state representatives is
December 2012
required to determine whether the proposed biomass energy plant scenarios will be exempt from state
Section 313: Toxics Release Inventory.
Facilities must complete and submit a Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Form annually for each of the
more than 600 Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) chemicals that are manufactured or otherwise used abo
the applicable threshold quantities. It is not expected that hazardous waste will be produced directly by
the process based on the expected composition of material input. Maintenance operations could
waste streams should be considered as potential
conducted on the ash residuals
hazardous waste should be properly
Hazardous wastes need to be disposed of in
permitted hazardous waste facilities, and may need to be transported out of Kotzebue for disposal
A similar system in Barrow, AK, has passed every TCLP test taken on its ash
AK DEC’s Solid Waste Program will be involved with the
As well, the Solid Waste program requires
Exemptions are allowed for facilities
Both proposed project scenarios
should be below that permit threshold and exempt, but contact with state representatives is
December 2012
required to determine whether the proposed biomass energy plant scenarios will be exempt from state
Section 313: Toxics Release Inventory.
Facilities must complete and submit a Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Form annually for each of the
more than 600 Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) chemicals that are manufactured or otherwise used above
the applicable threshold quantities. It is not expected that hazardous waste will be produced directly by
the process based on the expected composition of material input. Maintenance operations could
waste streams should be considered as potential
conducted on the ash residuals
hazardous waste should be properly
Hazardous wastes need to be disposed of in
permitted hazardous waste facilities, and may need to be transported out of Kotzebue for disposal, but
A similar system in Barrow, AK, has passed every TCLP test taken on its ash
involved with the
As well, the Solid Waste program requires
Exemptions are allowed for facilities
Both proposed project scenarios
should be below that permit threshold and exempt, but contact with state representatives is
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
6-3
EPA Construction General Permit.
stormwater discharges from construction sites.
site operators engaged in clearing, grading, and excavating activities that disturb 1 acre or more,
including smaller sites in a larger common plan of development or sale, to obtain coverage under an
NPDES permit for their stormwater discharge
Boiler Permitting and Boiler Operators
trained operators for safe operation. Alaska’s Department of Labor and Workforce Development
oversees boiler operator and permitting in the state.
pressure steam or hot water, and thus fall to the low end of the spectrum in terms of regulatory
oversight.
Alaska Statutes, Sec. 18.60.210 (a) (9) states that to be exempt from boiler inspections, operat
certification, and licensing requirements, the system must have a heat input of less than 200,000 Btu/hr,
which is lower than the average heat input of both proposed heating syste
not exempt.
Alaska Statutes, Sec. 18.60.395
MM Btu/hr, or well within the range of the proposed units.
restrictive
6.2 EMISSIONS CONC
Combustion (and vis
concerns raised over the makeup of the material being combusted and the emissions produced by the
system.
operations begin, of the system’s emissions profiles
emissions regulations and preserves loc
It is important to note that many waste
system will meet applicable air emissions control regulations.
configuration of air pollution contr
between the boiler supplier and APC supplier.
achieve promised emissions profiles.
contract for construction of a biomass energy plant.
6.2.1.1
Dioxins and Furans
municipal MSW, and pose the largest hazardous air pollutant (HAP) risk of MSW gasification.
decomposition of these components occurs in the final combustion phase of the
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
EPA Construction General Permit.
stormwater discharges from construction sites.
site operators engaged in clearing, grading, and excavating activities that disturb 1 acre or more,
including smaller sites in a larger common plan of development or sale, to obtain coverage under an
NPDES permit for their stormwater discharge
Boiler Permitting and Boiler Operators
trained operators for safe operation. Alaska’s Department of Labor and Workforce Development
oversees boiler operator and permitting in the state.
pressure steam or hot water, and thus fall to the low end of the spectrum in terms of regulatory
oversight.
Alaska Statutes, Sec. 18.60.210 (a) (9) states that to be exempt from boiler inspections, operat
certification, and licensing requirements, the system must have a heat input of less than 200,000 Btu/hr,
which is lower than the average heat input of both proposed heating syste
not exempt.
Alaska Statutes, Sec. 18.60.395
MM Btu/hr, or well within the range of the proposed units.
restrictive class of boiler operator
EMISSIONS CONC
Combustion (and vis-à-
concerns raised over the makeup of the material being combusted and the emissions produced by the
Careful air emission and air dispersion
operations begin, of the system’s emissions profiles
emissions regulations and preserves loc
It is important to note that many waste
will meet applicable air emissions control regulations.
configuration of air pollution contr
between the boiler supplier and APC supplier.
achieve promised emissions profiles.
contract for construction of a biomass energy plant.
6.2.1.1 Hazardous Air Pollutants
Dioxins and Furans are produced from the combustion of plastics and other chemical compounds found in
unicipal MSW, and pose the largest hazardous air pollutant (HAP) risk of MSW gasification.
decomposition of these components occurs in the final combustion phase of the
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
EPA Construction General Permit.
stormwater discharges from construction sites.
site operators engaged in clearing, grading, and excavating activities that disturb 1 acre or more,
including smaller sites in a larger common plan of development or sale, to obtain coverage under an
NPDES permit for their stormwater discharge
Boiler Permitting and Boiler Operators
trained operators for safe operation. Alaska’s Department of Labor and Workforce Development
oversees boiler operator and permitting in the state.
pressure steam or hot water, and thus fall to the low end of the spectrum in terms of regulatory
Alaska Statutes, Sec. 18.60.210 (a) (9) states that to be exempt from boiler inspections, operat
certification, and licensing requirements, the system must have a heat input of less than 200,000 Btu/hr,
which is lower than the average heat input of both proposed heating syste
Alaska Statutes, Sec. 18.60.395 (b) (2) requires a third
MM Btu/hr, or well within the range of the proposed units.
boiler operator
EMISSIONS CONCERNS FROM
-vis gasification) of waste products has always been a contentious issue, with many
concerns raised over the makeup of the material being combusted and the emissions produced by the
air emission and air dispersion
operations begin, of the system’s emissions profiles
emissions regulations and preserves loc
It is important to note that many waste
will meet applicable air emissions control regulations.
configuration of air pollution controls equipment (APC) is often specified and installed as a partnership
between the boiler supplier and APC supplier.
achieve promised emissions profiles.
contract for construction of a biomass energy plant.
Hazardous Air Pollutants
are produced from the combustion of plastics and other chemical compounds found in
unicipal MSW, and pose the largest hazardous air pollutant (HAP) risk of MSW gasification.
decomposition of these components occurs in the final combustion phase of the
FEASIBILITY STUDY
EPA Construction General Permit.Construction activities in Alaska are covered by a general permit for
stormwater discharges from construction sites.
site operators engaged in clearing, grading, and excavating activities that disturb 1 acre or more,
including smaller sites in a larger common plan of development or sale, to obtain coverage under an
NPDES permit for their stormwater discharges.
Boiler Permitting and Boiler Operators.Dependent on size, boilers of various type
trained operators for safe operation. Alaska’s Department of Labor and Workforce Development
oversees boiler operator and permitting in the state.
pressure steam or hot water, and thus fall to the low end of the spectrum in terms of regulatory
Alaska Statutes, Sec. 18.60.210 (a) (9) states that to be exempt from boiler inspections, operat
certification, and licensing requirements, the system must have a heat input of less than 200,000 Btu/hr,
which is lower than the average heat input of both proposed heating syste
(b) (2) requires a third
MM Btu/hr, or well within the range of the proposed units.
boiler operator license to obtain.
ERNS FROM COMBUSTION AND GASIF
vis gasification) of waste products has always been a contentious issue, with many
concerns raised over the makeup of the material being combusted and the emissions produced by the
air emission and air dispersion
operations begin, of the system’s emissions profiles
emissions regulations and preserves local health and
It is important to note that many waste-to-energy system vendors
will meet applicable air emissions control regulations.
ols equipment (APC) is often specified and installed as a partnership
between the boiler supplier and APC supplier.
achieve promised emissions profiles.Tetra Tech recommend
contract for construction of a biomass energy plant.
Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) from
are produced from the combustion of plastics and other chemical compounds found in
unicipal MSW, and pose the largest hazardous air pollutant (HAP) risk of MSW gasification.
decomposition of these components occurs in the final combustion phase of the
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Construction activities in Alaska are covered by a general permit for
stormwater discharges from construction sites.The NPDES stormwater program requires
site operators engaged in clearing, grading, and excavating activities that disturb 1 acre or more,
including smaller sites in a larger common plan of development or sale, to obtain coverage under an
s.
Dependent on size, boilers of various type
trained operators for safe operation. Alaska’s Department of Labor and Workforce Development
oversees boiler operator and permitting in the state.The boilers proposed for this project produce low
pressure steam or hot water, and thus fall to the low end of the spectrum in terms of regulatory
Alaska Statutes, Sec. 18.60.210 (a) (9) states that to be exempt from boiler inspections, operat
certification, and licensing requirements, the system must have a heat input of less than 200,000 Btu/hr,
which is lower than the average heat input of both proposed heating syste
(b) (2) requires a third-class boiler
MM Btu/hr, or well within the range of the proposed units.
license to obtain.
COMBUSTION AND GASIF
vis gasification) of waste products has always been a contentious issue, with many
concerns raised over the makeup of the material being combusted and the emissions produced by the
air emission and air dispersion modeling prior to
operations begin, of the system’s emissions profiles are critical to ensuring the system meets applicable
al health and safety standards.
energy system vendors
will meet applicable air emissions control regulations.
ols equipment (APC) is often specified and installed as a partnership
This ensures that their technologies are compatible and
Tetra Tech recommends
contract for construction of a biomass energy plant.
rom MSW Gasification
are produced from the combustion of plastics and other chemical compounds found in
unicipal MSW, and pose the largest hazardous air pollutant (HAP) risk of MSW gasification.
decomposition of these components occurs in the final combustion phase of the
Construction activities in Alaska are covered by a general permit for
The NPDES stormwater program requires
site operators engaged in clearing, grading, and excavating activities that disturb 1 acre or more,
including smaller sites in a larger common plan of development or sale, to obtain coverage under an
Dependent on size, boilers of various type
trained operators for safe operation. Alaska’s Department of Labor and Workforce Development
The boilers proposed for this project produce low
pressure steam or hot water, and thus fall to the low end of the spectrum in terms of regulatory
Alaska Statutes, Sec. 18.60.210 (a) (9) states that to be exempt from boiler inspections, operat
certification, and licensing requirements, the system must have a heat input of less than 200,000 Btu/hr,
which is lower than the average heat input of both proposed heating syste
class boiler operator’s
MM Btu/hr, or well within the range of the proposed units.A third-class
COMBUSTION AND GASIFICATION
vis gasification) of waste products has always been a contentious issue, with many
concerns raised over the makeup of the material being combusted and the emissions produced by the
modeling prior to construction,
critical to ensuring the system meets applicable
safety standards.
energy system vendors certify
will meet applicable air emissions control regulations.As mentioned previously, specific
ols equipment (APC) is often specified and installed as a partnership
This ensures that their technologies are compatible and
s that this stipulation be included in any EPC
MSW Gasification
are produced from the combustion of plastics and other chemical compounds found in
unicipal MSW, and pose the largest hazardous air pollutant (HAP) risk of MSW gasification.
decomposition of these components occurs in the final combustion phase of the
Construction activities in Alaska are covered by a general permit for
The NPDES stormwater program requires
site operators engaged in clearing, grading, and excavating activities that disturb 1 acre or more,
including smaller sites in a larger common plan of development or sale, to obtain coverage under an
Dependent on size, boilers of various types require certified and
trained operators for safe operation. Alaska’s Department of Labor and Workforce Development
The boilers proposed for this project produce low
pressure steam or hot water, and thus fall to the low end of the spectrum in terms of regulatory
Alaska Statutes, Sec. 18.60.210 (a) (9) states that to be exempt from boiler inspections, operat
certification, and licensing requirements, the system must have a heat input of less than 200,000 Btu/hr,
which is lower than the average heat input of both proposed heating systems.The systems are therefore
operator’s license for systems up to 3.5
class operator’s
ICATION OF WASTES
vis gasification) of waste products has always been a contentious issue, with many
concerns raised over the makeup of the material being combusted and the emissions produced by the
construction,and monitoring once
critical to ensuring the system meets applicable
certify, as a contact term,
As mentioned previously, specific
ols equipment (APC) is often specified and installed as a partnership
This ensures that their technologies are compatible and
that this stipulation be included in any EPC
are produced from the combustion of plastics and other chemical compounds found in
unicipal MSW, and pose the largest hazardous air pollutant (HAP) risk of MSW gasification.
decomposition of these components occurs in the final combustion phase of the gasification
December 2012
Construction activities in Alaska are covered by a general permit for
The NPDES stormwater program requires construction
site operators engaged in clearing, grading, and excavating activities that disturb 1 acre or more,
including smaller sites in a larger common plan of development or sale, to obtain coverage under an
require certified and
trained operators for safe operation. Alaska’s Department of Labor and Workforce Development
The boilers proposed for this project produce low
pressure steam or hot water, and thus fall to the low end of the spectrum in terms of regulatory
Alaska Statutes, Sec. 18.60.210 (a) (9) states that to be exempt from boiler inspections, operat
certification, and licensing requirements, the system must have a heat input of less than 200,000 Btu/hr,
The systems are therefore
license for systems up to 3.5
license is the
OF WASTES
vis gasification) of waste products has always been a contentious issue, with many
concerns raised over the makeup of the material being combusted and the emissions produced by the
and monitoring once
critical to ensuring the system meets applicable
, as a contact term,that
As mentioned previously, specific
ols equipment (APC) is often specified and installed as a partnership
This ensures that their technologies are compatible and
that this stipulation be included in any EPC
are produced from the combustion of plastics and other chemical compounds found in
unicipal MSW, and pose the largest hazardous air pollutant (HAP) risk of MSW gasification.Thermal
gasification operation.
December 2012
Construction activities in Alaska are covered by a general permit for
construction
site operators engaged in clearing, grading, and excavating activities that disturb 1 acre or more,
including smaller sites in a larger common plan of development or sale, to obtain coverage under an
require certified and
trained operators for safe operation. Alaska’s Department of Labor and Workforce Development
The boilers proposed for this project produce low
pressure steam or hot water, and thus fall to the low end of the spectrum in terms of regulatory
Alaska Statutes, Sec. 18.60.210 (a) (9) states that to be exempt from boiler inspections, operator
certification, and licensing requirements, the system must have a heat input of less than 200,000 Btu/hr,
The systems are therefore
license for systems up to 3.5
license is the least
vis gasification) of waste products has always been a contentious issue, with many
concerns raised over the makeup of the material being combusted and the emissions produced by the
and monitoring once
critical to ensuring the system meets applicable
that their
As mentioned previously, specific
ols equipment (APC) is often specified and installed as a partnership
This ensures that their technologies are compatible and
that this stipulation be included in any EPC
are produced from the combustion of plastics and other chemical compounds found in
Thermal
operation.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
6-4
Here, temperatures reach in excess of 1000 deg C. Th
dioxins and furans, (700 deg C)
Eco Waste Solutions
Verification program, which is recognized and reciprocal with US EPA.
Table
Particulate
Pb + Mn + Cr + Cu
As + Ni
Cd + Hg
Dioxin/Furan*
SO2**
NOx
CO
*I-TEQ refers to international toxicity equivalent factor (2,3,7,8
** Emissions exclude diesel
R Indicates the reference measurement conditions for emissions which are : temperature = 25
and O
Source:
Tetra Tech is confident, based
biomass energy systems will meet all applicable air permits and regulations
permitting requirements (and therefore not require a state air emissions permit)
confirmed until samples of the specific feedstock input have undergone analytical testing and the technology
configuration (including APC) is selected.
samples as one o
9 EPA Doc 600280197 “Dioxins”, 1980
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
Here, temperatures reach in excess of 1000 deg C. Th
dioxins and furans, (700 deg C)
Eco Waste Solutions.
Verification program, which is recognized and reciprocal with US EPA.
Table 6-1:Sample Performance Claim for Batch Gasification of MSW Application.
Parameter
Particulate
Pb + Mn + Cr + Cu
As + Ni
Cd + Hg
Dioxin/Furan*
**
TEQ refers to international toxicity equivalent factor (2,3,7,8
** Emissions exclude diesel
R Indicates the reference measurement conditions for emissions which are : temperature = 25
and O2 content = 11% dry
Source:Eco Waste Solutions Inc.
Tetra Tech is confident, based
biomass energy systems will meet all applicable air permits and regulations
permitting requirements (and therefore not require a state air emissions permit)
confirmed until samples of the specific feedstock input have undergone analytical testing and the technology
configuration (including APC) is selected.
samples as one of the most immediate
Doc 600280197 “Dioxins”, 1980
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
Here, temperatures reach in excess of 1000 deg C. Th
dioxins and furans, (700 deg C)9. Table 6
Tests were conducted to conform to the Canadian Environmental Technology
Verification program, which is recognized and reciprocal with US EPA.
Sample Performance Claim for Batch Gasification of MSW Application.
Parameter
TEQ refers to international toxicity equivalent factor (2,3,7,8
** Emissions exclude diesel fuel auxiliary burner SO
R Indicates the reference measurement conditions for emissions which are : temperature = 25
content = 11% dry
Eco Waste Solutions Inc.
Tetra Tech is confident, based on the analysis conducted for this and other projects, that the proposed
biomass energy systems will meet all applicable air permits and regulations
permitting requirements (and therefore not require a state air emissions permit)
confirmed until samples of the specific feedstock input have undergone analytical testing and the technology
configuration (including APC) is selected.
f the most immediate
Doc 600280197 “Dioxins”, 1980
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Here, temperatures reach in excess of 1000 deg C. Th
. Table 6-1 is a sample performance claim for
Tests were conducted to conform to the Canadian Environmental Technology
Verification program, which is recognized and reciprocal with US EPA.
Sample Performance Claim for Batch Gasification of MSW Application.
Stack Emission Maximum
TEQ refers to international toxicity equivalent factor (2,3,7,8
fuel auxiliary burner SO2
R Indicates the reference measurement conditions for emissions which are : temperature = 25
on the analysis conducted for this and other projects, that the proposed
biomass energy systems will meet all applicable air permits and regulations
permitting requirements (and therefore not require a state air emissions permit)
confirmed until samples of the specific feedstock input have undergone analytical testing and the technology
configuration (including APC) is selected.As such, Tetra Tech recommends analytical testing of feedstock
f the most immediate proceeding
Doc 600280197 “Dioxins”, 1980
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Here, temperatures reach in excess of 1000 deg C. This is well above the thermal degradation point of
a sample performance claim for
Tests were conducted to conform to the Canadian Environmental Technology
Verification program, which is recognized and reciprocal with US EPA.
Sample Performance Claim for Batch Gasification of MSW Application.
Stack Emission Maximum
12
1
0.02
0.1
0.09
39
136
1.3
TEQ refers to international toxicity equivalent factor (2,3,7,8-TCDD)
2 and NOx contributions
R Indicates the reference measurement conditions for emissions which are : temperature = 25
on the analysis conducted for this and other projects, that the proposed
biomass energy systems will meet all applicable air permits and regulations
permitting requirements (and therefore not require a state air emissions permit)
confirmed until samples of the specific feedstock input have undergone analytical testing and the technology
As such, Tetra Tech recommends analytical testing of feedstock
proceeding steps in the development of this project.
is is well above the thermal degradation point of
a sample performance claim for
Tests were conducted to conform to the Canadian Environmental Technology
Verification program, which is recognized and reciprocal with US EPA.
Sample Performance Claim for Batch Gasification of MSW Application.
Stack Emission Maximum
TCDD)
contributions
R Indicates the reference measurement conditions for emissions which are : temperature = 25
on the analysis conducted for this and other projects, that the proposed
biomass energy systems will meet all applicable air permits and regulations
permitting requirements (and therefore not require a state air emissions permit)
confirmed until samples of the specific feedstock input have undergone analytical testing and the technology
As such, Tetra Tech recommends analytical testing of feedstock
the development of this project.
is is well above the thermal degradation point of
a sample performance claim for a gasification
Tests were conducted to conform to the Canadian Environmental Technology
Sample Performance Claim for Batch Gasification of MSW Application.
Unit
mg/Rm
mg/Rm
mg/Rm
mg/Rm
ng ITEQ/
mg/Rm
mg/Rm
mg/Rm
R Indicates the reference measurement conditions for emissions which are : temperature = 25°C, pressure = 101.3kPa,
on the analysis conducted for this and other projects, that the proposed
biomass energy systems will meet all applicable air permits and regulations, and may be below state
permitting requirements (and therefore not require a state air emissions permit).However, that cannot be
confirmed until samples of the specific feedstock input have undergone analytical testing and the technology
As such, Tetra Tech recommends analytical testing of feedstock
the development of this project.
December 2012
is is well above the thermal degradation point of
a gasification system offered by
Tests were conducted to conform to the Canadian Environmental Technology
Unit
mg/Rm3
mg/Rm3
mg/Rm3
mg/Rm3
ng ITEQ/Rm3
mg/Rm3
mg/Rm3
mg/Rm3
C, pressure = 101.3kPa,
on the analysis conducted for this and other projects, that the proposed
, and may be below state
However, that cannot be
confirmed until samples of the specific feedstock input have undergone analytical testing and the technology
As such, Tetra Tech recommends analytical testing of feedstock
the development of this project.
December 2012
is is well above the thermal degradation point of
offered by
Tests were conducted to conform to the Canadian Environmental Technology
C, pressure = 101.3kPa,
on the analysis conducted for this and other projects, that the proposed
, and may be below state
However, that cannot be
confirmed until samples of the specific feedstock input have undergone analytical testing and the technology
As such, Tetra Tech recommends analytical testing of feedstock
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
7-1
7 PROJECT FINANCIALAN
Tetra Tech prepared
biomass energy
conditions evaluated in the study.
equipment providers, and supplemented that information with
parameters incorporated for
Product yields
Product and raw material pricing
Labor costs
Energy consumption and pricing
Capital costs including engineering, procurement and construction of the plants
Financing costs
Project development costs,
These parameters are further evaluated in the section below
corresponding to the base
primary factors affecting the financial viability of the project scenarios
7.1 FACILITY CAPITAL COS
Tetra Tech developed capital costs
communication
costs and operational parameters derived from engineering investigation of the proposed facility.
cost below is therefore not representative of any single bid or vendor’s equipment profile.
recommends that
capital cost
Table 22 shows
costs, startup, and contingency
corresponding to the level of engineering detail that has been conducted at this stage of the project.
Budgetary quotes are defined by engineering’s governing body, AACE International, as
completion of the facility, and as such can only be held to a +30% to
international standard, the RDF Boiler plant all
$2.9 MM.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
PROJECT FINANCIALAN
Tetra Tech prepared two
energy plant, using proprietary economic modeling software.
conditions evaluated in the study.
equipment providers, and supplemented that information with
parameters incorporated for
roduct yields
oduct and raw material pricing
abor costs
nergy consumption and pricing
apital costs including engineering, procurement and construction of the plants
inancing costs
roject development costs,
These parameters are further evaluated in the section below
corresponding to the base
primary factors affecting the financial viability of the project scenarios
FACILITY CAPITAL COS
Tetra Tech developed capital costs
communications with equipment vendors
costs and operational parameters derived from engineering investigation of the proposed facility.
cost below is therefore not representative of any single bid or vendor’s equipment profile.
mends that Kotzebue
capital costs.
shows the estimated
costs, startup, and contingency
corresponding to the level of engineering detail that has been conducted at this stage of the project.
Budgetary quotes are defined by engineering’s governing body, AACE International, as
completion of the facility, and as such can only be held to a +30% to
international standard, the RDF Boiler plant all
.The MSW Ga
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
PROJECT FINANCIALAN
two financial modeling and economic performance projections of the prospective
plant, using proprietary economic modeling software.
conditions evaluated in the study.When possible, Tetra Tech solicited cost and operational parameters from
equipment providers, and supplemented that information with
parameters incorporated for a 1.5 MM Btu RDF Boiler and a 1.5 MM Btu MSW Gasifier
oduct and raw material pricing
nergy consumption and pricing
apital costs including engineering, procurement and construction of the plants
roject development costs,including
These parameters are further evaluated in the section below
corresponding to the base case project assumptions, and
primary factors affecting the financial viability of the project scenarios
FACILITY CAPITAL COSTS
Tetra Tech developed capital costs
with equipment vendors
costs and operational parameters derived from engineering investigation of the proposed facility.
cost below is therefore not representative of any single bid or vendor’s equipment profile.
Kotzebue solicit final construction bids from prospective vendors to confirm final project
the estimated capital cost breakdown for process equipment, building costs, development
costs, startup, and contingency for
corresponding to the level of engineering detail that has been conducted at this stage of the project.
Budgetary quotes are defined by engineering’s governing body, AACE International, as
completion of the facility, and as such can only be held to a +30% to
international standard, the RDF Boiler plant all
MSW Gasifier plant is projected to cost
FEASIBILITY STUDY
PROJECT FINANCIALAND ECONOMICANALYSIS
financial modeling and economic performance projections of the prospective
plant, using proprietary economic modeling software.
When possible, Tetra Tech solicited cost and operational parameters from
equipment providers, and supplemented that information with
a 1.5 MM Btu RDF Boiler and a 1.5 MM Btu MSW Gasifier
oduct and raw material pricing
apital costs including engineering, procurement and construction of the plants
including start-up costs, working capital and inventory
These parameters are further evaluated in the section below
case project assumptions, and
primary factors affecting the financial viability of the project scenarios
Tetra Tech developed capital costs for the proposed
with equipment vendors,publicly
costs and operational parameters derived from engineering investigation of the proposed facility.
cost below is therefore not representative of any single bid or vendor’s equipment profile.
final construction bids from prospective vendors to confirm final project
capital cost breakdown for process equipment, building costs, development
for both scenarios
corresponding to the level of engineering detail that has been conducted at this stage of the project.
Budgetary quotes are defined by engineering’s governing body, AACE International, as
completion of the facility, and as such can only be held to a +30% to
international standard, the RDF Boiler plant all-in capital cost is
plant is projected to cost
FEASIBILITY STUDY
D ECONOMICANALYSIS
financial modeling and economic performance projections of the prospective
plant, using proprietary economic modeling software.
When possible, Tetra Tech solicited cost and operational parameters from
equipment providers, and supplemented that information with
a 1.5 MM Btu RDF Boiler and a 1.5 MM Btu MSW Gasifier
apital costs including engineering, procurement and construction of the plants
up costs, working capital and inventory
These parameters are further evaluated in the section below
case project assumptions, and additional analysis is provided to examine
primary factors affecting the financial viability of the project scenarios
for the proposed facility configurations
publicly-available information
costs and operational parameters derived from engineering investigation of the proposed facility.
cost below is therefore not representative of any single bid or vendor’s equipment profile.
final construction bids from prospective vendors to confirm final project
capital cost breakdown for process equipment, building costs, development
both scenarios.The capital cost supplied is a budgetary estimate,
corresponding to the level of engineering detail that has been conducted at this stage of the project.
Budgetary quotes are defined by engineering’s governing body, AACE International, as
completion of the facility, and as such can only be held to a +30% to
in capital cost is
plant is projected to cost in the range of
D ECONOMICANALYSIS
financial modeling and economic performance projections of the prospective
plant, using proprietary economic modeling software.The models evaluate the project
When possible, Tetra Tech solicited cost and operational parameters from
equipment providers, and supplemented that information with internal engineering analysis.
a 1.5 MM Btu RDF Boiler and a 1.5 MM Btu MSW Gasifier
apital costs including engineering, procurement and construction of the plants
up costs, working capital and inventory
These parameters are further evaluated in the section below.A pro
additional analysis is provided to examine
primary factors affecting the financial viability of the project scenarios.
facility configurations
available information,and internal databases, as well as
costs and operational parameters derived from engineering investigation of the proposed facility.
cost below is therefore not representative of any single bid or vendor’s equipment profile.
final construction bids from prospective vendors to confirm final project
capital cost breakdown for process equipment, building costs, development
The capital cost supplied is a budgetary estimate,
corresponding to the level of engineering detail that has been conducted at this stage of the project.
Budgetary quotes are defined by engineering’s governing body, AACE International, as
completion of the facility, and as such can only be held to a +30% to -15% accuracy level.
in capital cost is projected to fall in the range of
in the range of $4.2 MM
D ECONOMICANALYSIS
financial modeling and economic performance projections of the prospective
The models evaluate the project
When possible, Tetra Tech solicited cost and operational parameters from
internal engineering analysis.
a 1.5 MM Btu RDF Boiler and a 1.5 MM Btu MSW Gasifier include:
apital costs including engineering, procurement and construction of the plants
up costs, working capital and inventory
A pro forma analysis was
additional analysis is provided to examine
facility configurations based on
and internal databases, as well as
costs and operational parameters derived from engineering investigation of the proposed facility.
cost below is therefore not representative of any single bid or vendor’s equipment profile.
final construction bids from prospective vendors to confirm final project
capital cost breakdown for process equipment, building costs, development
The capital cost supplied is a budgetary estimate,
corresponding to the level of engineering detail that has been conducted at this stage of the project.
Budgetary quotes are defined by engineering’s governing body, AACE International, as
15% accuracy level.
projected to fall in the range of
MM – $6.4 MM
December 2012
financial modeling and economic performance projections of the prospective
The models evaluate the project
When possible, Tetra Tech solicited cost and operational parameters from
internal engineering analysis.Facility
include:
alysis was prepared
additional analysis is provided to examine
based on a number of
and internal databases, as well as
costs and operational parameters derived from engineering investigation of the proposed facility.The capital
cost below is therefore not representative of any single bid or vendor’s equipment profile.Tetra Tech
final construction bids from prospective vendors to confirm final project
capital cost breakdown for process equipment, building costs, development
The capital cost supplied is a budgetary estimate,
corresponding to the level of engineering detail that has been conducted at this stage of the project.
Budgetary quotes are defined by engineering’s governing body, AACE International, as 10-15% design
15% accuracy level.Adhering to this
projected to fall in the range of $1.9 MM
MM.
December 2012
financial modeling and economic performance projections of the prospective
The models evaluate the project
When possible, Tetra Tech solicited cost and operational parameters from
Facility
prepared
additional analysis is provided to examine the
a number of
and internal databases, as well as
The capital
Tetra Tech
final construction bids from prospective vendors to confirm final project
capital cost breakdown for process equipment, building costs, development
The capital cost supplied is a budgetary estimate,
corresponding to the level of engineering detail that has been conducted at this stage of the project.
15% design
Adhering to this
MM –
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
7-2
Table
Note that a
Actual costs will vary depending on the technology provider and general contractor chosen for the project
material costs, and other factors in further facilit
7.1.1 CAPITAL COST
A number of assumptions are made regarding capital costs for projects that are in early developmental
stages. The primary factors affecting the Kotzebue biomass energy system are described below.
Process Equipment Scale and
significantly more than smaller
RDF boiler by itself is approximately $250,000, wh
MM Btu is a standard size for this equipment, and is available through more outlets. Therefore it was
determined to specify an oversized boiler for Scenario 1, able to accommodate additional feedstock
supply either through improved RDF collection efforts or increased purchase of
Scenario 2 is scaled
anticipated additional feedstock sources for this type of syste
Materials and Labor Factor for Kotzebue
delivery of materials from outside vendors, were subject to a
Process Equipment
Energy System & Controls
Feedstock Handling and Rolling Stock
District Energy Distribution Piping
Process Equipment Total
Building and Development Costs
Site Preparation
Process Building
Utility Connections and Controls
Delivery and Installation
Engineering, Permitting, and Indirect Costs
Total
Contingency (20%)
Grand Total
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
Table 7-1:Biomass Power Plant
Note that a 20%contingency factor is also applied to the capital cost to account for additional cost overruns.
Actual costs will vary depending on the technology provider and general contractor chosen for the project
material costs, and other factors in further facilit
CAPITAL COST
A number of assumptions are made regarding capital costs for projects that are in early developmental
stages. The primary factors affecting the Kotzebue biomass energy system are described below.
Process Equipment Scale and
significantly more than smaller
RDF boiler by itself is approximately $250,000, wh
MM Btu is a standard size for this equipment, and is available through more outlets. Therefore it was
determined to specify an oversized boiler for Scenario 1, able to accommodate additional feedstock
upply either through improved RDF collection efforts or increased purchase of
Scenario 2 is scaled
anticipated additional feedstock sources for this type of syste
Materials and Labor Factor for Kotzebue
delivery of materials from outside vendors, were subject to a
Process Equipment
Energy System & Controls
Feedstock Handling and Rolling Stock
District Energy Distribution Piping
Process Equipment Total
Building and Development Costs
Site Preparation
Process Building
Utility Connections and Controls
Delivery and Installation
Engineering, Permitting, and Indirect Costs
Total
Contingency (20%)
Grand Total
Capital Expenditure
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
Biomass Power Plant
contingency factor is also applied to the capital cost to account for additional cost overruns.
Actual costs will vary depending on the technology provider and general contractor chosen for the project
material costs, and other factors in further facilit
CAPITAL COST FACTORS
A number of assumptions are made regarding capital costs for projects that are in early developmental
stages. The primary factors affecting the Kotzebue biomass energy system are described below.
Process Equipment Scale and Cost.
significantly more than smaller-scale installations, As noted in the cost estimate above, a 1.5 MM Btu
RDF boiler by itself is approximately $250,000, wh
MM Btu is a standard size for this equipment, and is available through more outlets. Therefore it was
determined to specify an oversized boiler for Scenario 1, able to accommodate additional feedstock
upply either through improved RDF collection efforts or increased purchase of
Scenario 2 is scaled to match the volume of incoming feedstock; it
anticipated additional feedstock sources for this type of syste
Materials and Labor Factor for Kotzebue
delivery of materials from outside vendors, were subject to a
Process Equipment
Energy System & Controls
Feedstock Handling and Rolling Stock
District Energy Distribution Piping
Process Equipment Total
Building and Development Costs
Utility Connections and Controls
Delivery and Installation
Engineering, Permitting, and Indirect Costs
Contingency (20%)
Capital Expenditure
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Biomass Power Plant Capital Cost Estimate
contingency factor is also applied to the capital cost to account for additional cost overruns.
Actual costs will vary depending on the technology provider and general contractor chosen for the project
material costs, and other factors in further facility engineering and procurement stages
A number of assumptions are made regarding capital costs for projects that are in early developmental
stages. The primary factors affecting the Kotzebue biomass energy system are described below.
Cost.It was discovered that RDF boilers priced for Scenario 1
scale installations, As noted in the cost estimate above, a 1.5 MM Btu
RDF boiler by itself is approximately $250,000, wh
MM Btu is a standard size for this equipment, and is available through more outlets. Therefore it was
determined to specify an oversized boiler for Scenario 1, able to accommodate additional feedstock
upply either through improved RDF collection efforts or increased purchase of
to match the volume of incoming feedstock; it
anticipated additional feedstock sources for this type of syste
Materials and Labor Factor for Kotzebue. All materials and labor sourced from the Kotzebue area, and
delivery of materials from outside vendors, were subject to a
Feedstock Handling and Rolling Stock
District Energy Distribution Piping
Building and Development Costs
Utility Connections and Controls
Engineering, Permitting, and Indirect Costs
Capital Expenditure
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Capital Cost Estimate
contingency factor is also applied to the capital cost to account for additional cost overruns.
Actual costs will vary depending on the technology provider and general contractor chosen for the project
y engineering and procurement stages
A number of assumptions are made regarding capital costs for projects that are in early developmental
stages. The primary factors affecting the Kotzebue biomass energy system are described below.
It was discovered that RDF boilers priced for Scenario 1
scale installations, As noted in the cost estimate above, a 1.5 MM Btu
RDF boiler by itself is approximately $250,000, while a 500k
MM Btu is a standard size for this equipment, and is available through more outlets. Therefore it was
determined to specify an oversized boiler for Scenario 1, able to accommodate additional feedstock
upply either through improved RDF collection efforts or increased purchase of
to match the volume of incoming feedstock; it
anticipated additional feedstock sources for this type of syste
. All materials and labor sourced from the Kotzebue area, and
delivery of materials from outside vendors, were subject to a
Scenario 1
RDF Boiler
$250,000
$133,000
$185,000
$568,000
$37,000
$388,000
$98,000
$624,000
$150,000
$1,865,000
$373,000
$2,238,000
contingency factor is also applied to the capital cost to account for additional cost overruns.
Actual costs will vary depending on the technology provider and general contractor chosen for the project
y engineering and procurement stages
A number of assumptions are made regarding capital costs for projects that are in early developmental
stages. The primary factors affecting the Kotzebue biomass energy system are described below.
It was discovered that RDF boilers priced for Scenario 1
scale installations, As noted in the cost estimate above, a 1.5 MM Btu
ile a 500k –1 MM Btu boiler
MM Btu is a standard size for this equipment, and is available through more outlets. Therefore it was
determined to specify an oversized boiler for Scenario 1, able to accommodate additional feedstock
upply either through improved RDF collection efforts or increased purchase of
to match the volume of incoming feedstock; it is not oversized as there are no
anticipated additional feedstock sources for this type of system.
. All materials and labor sourced from the Kotzebue area, and
delivery of materials from outside vendors, were subject to an 185% cost surplus factor. This estimate is
Scenario 1 Scenario 2
RDF Boiler MSW Gasifier
$250,000
$133,000
$185,000
$568,000
$37,000
$388,000
$98,000
$624,000
$150,000
$1,865,000
$373,000
$2,238,000
contingency factor is also applied to the capital cost to account for additional cost overruns.
Actual costs will vary depending on the technology provider and general contractor chosen for the project
y engineering and procurement stages.
A number of assumptions are made regarding capital costs for projects that are in early developmental
stages. The primary factors affecting the Kotzebue biomass energy system are described below.
It was discovered that RDF boilers priced for Scenario 1
scale installations, As noted in the cost estimate above, a 1.5 MM Btu
1 MM Btu boiler saves
MM Btu is a standard size for this equipment, and is available through more outlets. Therefore it was
determined to specify an oversized boiler for Scenario 1, able to accommodate additional feedstock
upply either through improved RDF collection efforts or increased purchase of wood pellets.
is not oversized as there are no
. All materials and labor sourced from the Kotzebue area, and
185% cost surplus factor. This estimate is
Scenario 2
MSW Gasifier
$2,434,000
$190,000
$0
$2,624,000
$190,000
$351,000
$157,000
$624,000
$162,000
$4,108,000
$822,000
$4,930,000
December 2012
contingency factor is also applied to the capital cost to account for additional cost overruns.
Actual costs will vary depending on the technology provider and general contractor chosen for the project
A number of assumptions are made regarding capital costs for projects that are in early developmental
stages. The primary factors affecting the Kotzebue biomass energy system are described below.
It was discovered that RDF boilers priced for Scenario 1 do not cost
scale installations, As noted in the cost estimate above, a 1.5 MM Btu
saves only $30-50k. 1.5
MM Btu is a standard size for this equipment, and is available through more outlets. Therefore it was
determined to specify an oversized boiler for Scenario 1, able to accommodate additional feedstock
wood pellets.
is not oversized as there are no
. All materials and labor sourced from the Kotzebue area, and
185% cost surplus factor. This estimate is
December 2012
contingency factor is also applied to the capital cost to account for additional cost overruns.
Actual costs will vary depending on the technology provider and general contractor chosen for the project,
A number of assumptions are made regarding capital costs for projects that are in early developmental
do not cost
scale installations, As noted in the cost estimate above, a 1.5 MM Btu
50k. 1.5
MM Btu is a standard size for this equipment, and is available through more outlets. Therefore it was
determined to specify an oversized boiler for Scenario 1, able to accommodate additional feedstock
is not oversized as there are no
. All materials and labor sourced from the Kotzebue area, and
185% cost surplus factor. This estimate is
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
7-3
based on past experience with remote capital p
by the McDowell Group for the Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce
7.2 FINANCIAL MODELING
Tetra Tech prepared two financial models for the project
designs.
information available
goals as the project moves further in the development phase, an explanation of the inputs
financial forecasts that have the greatest impact on the project risk and retu
The project inputs that have the greatest impact on project operations and financial returns are:
Feedstock Input.
year of sorted cardboard, paper, and woo
wood pellets to meet the WTP and Maintenance Building heating needs.
heat demand between
For the
stream, 1,625
feedstock available
Feedstoc
costs are included as manpower and operational costs.
$300/ton
Avoided Waste Disposal Cost.
associated with each scenario
Disposal cost avoidance was based on research conducted by the Alaska Chapter of the
Association of North America, which calculated an average disposal cost of $68
for an Alaska township the size of Kotzebue
ton.Converted to 2012 dollars, the ra
assumed for financial costing of the project
10 Fried, Neal. “The Cost of Living in Alaska.” Alaska Economic Trends, July 2011.
11 “Alaska Solid Waste Regionalization Report.” The Alaska Chapter of the Solid Waste Association of North
America, May 1999.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
based on past experience with remote capital p
by the McDowell Group for the Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce
FINANCIAL MODELING
Tetra Tech prepared two financial models for the project
The financial model is an estimate of potential project returns,
information available at present
goals as the project moves further in the development phase, an explanation of the inputs
financial forecasts that have the greatest impact on the project risk and retu
The project inputs that have the greatest impact on project operations and financial returns are:
Feedstock Input.For the
of sorted cardboard, paper, and woo
wood pellets to meet the WTP and Maintenance Building heating needs.
demand between
For the MSW Gasifier
stream, 1,625 tons per year at
feedstock available
Feedstock Input Cost.
costs are included as manpower and operational costs.
$300/ton,delivered
Avoided Waste Disposal Cost.
associated with each scenario
Disposal cost avoidance was based on research conducted by the Alaska Chapter of the
Association of North America, which calculated an average disposal cost of $68
for an Alaska township the size of Kotzebue
Converted to 2012 dollars, the ra
assumed for financial costing of the project
Fried, Neal. “The Cost of Living in Alaska.” Alaska Economic Trends, July 2011.
“Alaska Solid Waste Regionalization Report.” The Alaska Chapter of the Solid Waste Association of North
America, May 1999.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
based on past experience with remote capital p
by the McDowell Group for the Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce
FINANCIAL MODELING INPUTS AND CONDITION
Tetra Tech prepared two financial models for the project
The financial model is an estimate of potential project returns,
at present.To maintain project transparency, and to facilitate adjustments to project
goals as the project moves further in the development phase, an explanation of the inputs
financial forecasts that have the greatest impact on the project risk and retu
The project inputs that have the greatest impact on project operations and financial returns are:
For the RDF Boiler
of sorted cardboard, paper, and woo
wood pellets to meet the WTP and Maintenance Building heating needs.
demand between 0.51 tons/day
MSW Gasifier scenario, feedstock inpu
tons per year at ~20
feedstock available.Daily input rate
k Input Cost.MSW feedstock
costs are included as manpower and operational costs.
delivered to Kotzebue.
Avoided Waste Disposal Cost.A
associated with each scenario, and was included as a revenue or savings in the financial modeling
Disposal cost avoidance was based on research conducted by the Alaska Chapter of the
Association of North America, which calculated an average disposal cost of $68
for an Alaska township the size of Kotzebue
Converted to 2012 dollars, the ra
assumed for financial costing of the project
Fried, Neal. “The Cost of Living in Alaska.” Alaska Economic Trends, July 2011.
“Alaska Solid Waste Regionalization Report.” The Alaska Chapter of the Solid Waste Association of North
FEASIBILITY STUDY
based on past experience with remote capital p
by the McDowell Group for the Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce
INPUTS AND CONDITION
Tetra Tech prepared two financial models for the project
The financial model is an estimate of potential project returns,
To maintain project transparency, and to facilitate adjustments to project
goals as the project moves further in the development phase, an explanation of the inputs
financial forecasts that have the greatest impact on the project risk and retu
The project inputs that have the greatest impact on project operations and financial returns are:
RDF Boiler scenario (Scenario 1)
of sorted cardboard, paper, and wood product, supplemented by 40.9 tons per year of purchased
wood pellets to meet the WTP and Maintenance Building heating needs.
.51 tons/day and 2.35
scenario, feedstock inpu
~20% moisture
Daily input rate is steady per the volume of material incoming
MSW feedstock was not assumed to carry any cost or tipping fee
costs are included as manpower and operational costs.
.
A factor was included to account for avoidance of landfilling the wastes
, and was included as a revenue or savings in the financial modeling
Disposal cost avoidance was based on research conducted by the Alaska Chapter of the
Association of North America, which calculated an average disposal cost of $68
for an Alaska township the size of Kotzebue11
Converted to 2012 dollars, the range is $102
assumed for financial costing of the project, after accounting for ash waste that will need to be landfilled
Fried, Neal. “The Cost of Living in Alaska.” Alaska Economic Trends, July 2011.
“Alaska Solid Waste Regionalization Report.” The Alaska Chapter of the Solid Waste Association of North
FEASIBILITY STUDY
based on past experience with remote capital projects as well as geographic cost differentials calculated
by the McDowell Group for the Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce
INPUTS AND CONDITIONAL
Tetra Tech prepared two financial models for the project,correspondi
The financial model is an estimate of potential project returns,
To maintain project transparency, and to facilitate adjustments to project
goals as the project moves further in the development phase, an explanation of the inputs
financial forecasts that have the greatest impact on the project risk and retu
The project inputs that have the greatest impact on project operations and financial returns are:
(Scenario 1), feedstock input is assumed to be
d product, supplemented by 40.9 tons per year of purchased
wood pellets to meet the WTP and Maintenance Building heating needs.
2.35 tons/day.
scenario, feedstock input is assumed to be
which is approximately the current moisture content in the
is steady per the volume of material incoming
was not assumed to carry any cost or tipping fee
costs are included as manpower and operational costs.
factor was included to account for avoidance of landfilling the wastes
, and was included as a revenue or savings in the financial modeling
Disposal cost avoidance was based on research conducted by the Alaska Chapter of the
Association of North America, which calculated an average disposal cost of $68
11.Costs for the smaller rural areas were much higher per
nge is $102-168/ton.
, after accounting for ash waste that will need to be landfilled
Fried, Neal. “The Cost of Living in Alaska.” Alaska Economic Trends, July 2011.
“Alaska Solid Waste Regionalization Report.” The Alaska Chapter of the Solid Waste Association of North
rojects as well as geographic cost differentials calculated
by the McDowell Group for the Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce
AL ASSUMPTIONS
corresponding to the two plant scale conceptual
The financial model is an estimate of potential project returns,
To maintain project transparency, and to facilitate adjustments to project
goals as the project moves further in the development phase, an explanation of the inputs
financial forecasts that have the greatest impact on the project risk and return
The project inputs that have the greatest impact on project operations and financial returns are:
, feedstock input is assumed to be
d product, supplemented by 40.9 tons per year of purchased
wood pellets to meet the WTP and Maintenance Building heating needs.
assumed to be the entire volume of Kotzebue’s waste
which is approximately the current moisture content in the
is steady per the volume of material incoming
was not assumed to carry any cost or tipping fee
Supplemental pellets are assumed to cost
factor was included to account for avoidance of landfilling the wastes
, and was included as a revenue or savings in the financial modeling
Disposal cost avoidance was based on research conducted by the Alaska Chapter of the
Association of North America, which calculated an average disposal cost of $68
Costs for the smaller rural areas were much higher per
168/ton.$102/ton avoidance cost was conservatively
, after accounting for ash waste that will need to be landfilled
Fried, Neal. “The Cost of Living in Alaska.” Alaska Economic Trends, July 2011.
“Alaska Solid Waste Regionalization Report.” The Alaska Chapter of the Solid Waste Association of North
rojects as well as geographic cost differentials calculated
by the McDowell Group for the Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce10.
ASSUMPTIONS
ng to the two plant scale conceptual
The financial model is an estimate of potential project returns,based upon the
To maintain project transparency, and to facilitate adjustments to project
goals as the project moves further in the development phase, an explanation of the inputs
rn follows.
The project inputs that have the greatest impact on project operations and financial returns are:
, feedstock input is assumed to be
d product, supplemented by 40.9 tons per year of purchased
wood pellets to meet the WTP and Maintenance Building heating needs.Daily input rate varies with
the entire volume of Kotzebue’s waste
which is approximately the current moisture content in the
is steady per the volume of material incoming.
was not assumed to carry any cost or tipping fee
Supplemental pellets are assumed to cost
factor was included to account for avoidance of landfilling the wastes
, and was included as a revenue or savings in the financial modeling
Disposal cost avoidance was based on research conducted by the Alaska Chapter of the
Association of North America, which calculated an average disposal cost of $68-112/ton in 1995 dollars
Costs for the smaller rural areas were much higher per
$102/ton avoidance cost was conservatively
, after accounting for ash waste that will need to be landfilled
Fried, Neal. “The Cost of Living in Alaska.” Alaska Economic Trends, July 2011.
“Alaska Solid Waste Regionalization Report.” The Alaska Chapter of the Solid Waste Association of North
December 2012
rojects as well as geographic cost differentials calculated
ng to the two plant scale conceptual
based upon the most accurate
To maintain project transparency, and to facilitate adjustments to project
goals as the project moves further in the development phase, an explanation of the inputs used in the
The project inputs that have the greatest impact on project operations and financial returns are:
, feedstock input is assumed to be 320 tons per
d product, supplemented by 40.9 tons per year of purchased
Daily input rate varies with
the entire volume of Kotzebue’s waste
which is approximately the current moisture content in the
was not assumed to carry any cost or tipping fee.RDF sorting
Supplemental pellets are assumed to cost
factor was included to account for avoidance of landfilling the wastes
, and was included as a revenue or savings in the financial modeling
Disposal cost avoidance was based on research conducted by the Alaska Chapter of the Solid Waste
112/ton in 1995 dollars
Costs for the smaller rural areas were much higher per
$102/ton avoidance cost was conservatively
, after accounting for ash waste that will need to be landfilled
“Alaska Solid Waste Regionalization Report.” The Alaska Chapter of the Solid Waste Association of North
December 2012
rojects as well as geographic cost differentials calculated
ng to the two plant scale conceptual
most accurate
To maintain project transparency, and to facilitate adjustments to project
used in the
tons per
d product, supplemented by 40.9 tons per year of purchased
Daily input rate varies with
the entire volume of Kotzebue’s waste
which is approximately the current moisture content in the
RDF sorting
Supplemental pellets are assumed to cost
factor was included to account for avoidance of landfilling the wastes
, and was included as a revenue or savings in the financial modeling.
Solid Waste
112/ton in 1995 dollars
Costs for the smaller rural areas were much higher per
$102/ton avoidance cost was conservatively
, after accounting for ash waste that will need to be landfilled.
“Alaska Solid Waste Regionalization Report.” The Alaska Chapter of the Solid Waste Association of North
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
7-4
Thermal Energy Production.
assumed to be
heating
Add-Heat system.
Thermal Energy
$6.037/gallon.
heating fuel
serving the buildings.
is $45.05/MM Btu.
Scenario 2 replaces the KEA Add
KEA Add
avoided (times) the price of
the efficiency of the City’s
$39.42/MM Btu.
Project Investment.
a bond, supplemented by capital investment from
the Treasury Department’s posted 20
Grant Funding.
project scenario.
Project Construction and
operational in the year 2014.
project financial close, then ramp up to full operations i
Depreciation and Amortization.
of the
buildings.
reported by the respective equipment vendors, and takes into account maintenance and overhaul cos
10-year Return on Investment (ROI) calculation.
facility operation
20-year Internal Rate of Return (IRR) calculation.
year run of the financial model (1
flow).
Project Operating and Maintenance.
is assumed to be
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
Thermal Energy Production.
assumed to be used by the
heating of city buildings
Heat system.
Thermal Energy Sale Value.
$6.037/gallon.The
heating fuel, determined on
serving the buildings.
is $45.05/MM Btu.
Scenario 2 replaces the KEA Add
KEA Add-Heat contract.
avoided (times) the price of
the efficiency of the City’s
$39.42/MM Btu.
Project Investment.
a bond, supplemented by capital investment from
the Treasury Department’s posted 20
Grant Funding.Support of $500,000 in general economic development grants is assumed for each
project scenario.
Project Construction and
operational in the year 2014.
project financial close, then ramp up to full operations i
Depreciation and Amortization.
of the biomass energy
buildings.Process equipment de
reported by the respective equipment vendors, and takes into account maintenance and overhaul cos
year Return on Investment (ROI) calculation.
facility operation, on a pre
year Internal Rate of Return (IRR) calculation.
year run of the financial model (1
flow).
Project Operating and Maintenance.
is assumed to be 1.5
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
Thermal Energy Production.All t
used by the city of Kotzebue to offset
of city buildings is assumed as the use, for Scenario 2, water heating in replacement of the KEA
Sale Value.The average price of heating fuel in Kotzebue for the winter of 2012/2013 is
The value of the thermal energy
, determined on Btu:Btu
serving the buildings.Efficiency of those boilers is set at 8
Scenario 2 replaces the KEA Add
Heat contract.The contract states that the charge is equal to the quantity of
avoided (times) the price of heating
the efficiency of the City’s boilers, set at 80%.
Project Investment.Financing of the project is expected to be accomplished primarily through raising of
a bond, supplemented by capital investment from
the Treasury Department’s posted 20
Support of $500,000 in general economic development grants is assumed for each
Project Construction and Facility Operational Year.
operational in the year 2014.
project financial close, then ramp up to full operations i
Depreciation and Amortization.
energy plant’s
Process equipment de
reported by the respective equipment vendors, and takes into account maintenance and overhaul cos
year Return on Investment (ROI) calculation.
, on a pre-tax income basis.
year Internal Rate of Return (IRR) calculation.
year run of the financial model (1
Project Operating and Maintenance.
1.5% of the equipment capital costs, annually.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
All thermal energy produced
ity of Kotzebue to offset
is assumed as the use, for Scenario 2, water heating in replacement of the KEA
The average price of heating fuel in Kotzebue for the winter of 2012/2013 is
value of the thermal energy
:Btu basis taking into account
Efficiency of those boilers is set at 8
Scenario 2 replaces the KEA Add-Heat system, and the value of
The contract states that the charge is equal to the quantity of
heating fuel (times) 70%. The quantity of fuel avoided includes a factor for
boilers, set at 80%.
Financing of the project is expected to be accomplished primarily through raising of
a bond, supplemented by capital investment from
the Treasury Department’s posted 20-yr Bond interest rate,
Support of $500,000 in general economic development grants is assumed for each
Facility Operational Year.
The construction period is expected to consume 13 months following
project financial close, then ramp up to full operations i
20-year straight line depreciation is used to depreciate the installed cost
major equipment, and 30
Process equipment depreciation is based on the minimum lifespan of the equipment as
reported by the respective equipment vendors, and takes into account maintenance and overhaul cos
year Return on Investment (ROI) calculation.
tax income basis.
year Internal Rate of Return (IRR) calculation.
year run of the financial model (10 years of th
Project Operating and Maintenance.Maintenance
% of the equipment capital costs, annually.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
mal energy produced
ity of Kotzebue to offset heating fuel purchases
is assumed as the use, for Scenario 2, water heating in replacement of the KEA
The average price of heating fuel in Kotzebue for the winter of 2012/2013 is
value of the thermal energy produced in Scenario 1
basis taking into account
Efficiency of those boilers is set at 80
Heat system, and the value of
The contract states that the charge is equal to the quantity of
fuel (times) 70%. The quantity of fuel avoided includes a factor for
boilers, set at 80%.Thus, the value of thermal energy in Scenario 2 is
Financing of the project is expected to be accomplished primarily through raising of
a bond, supplemented by capital investment from the city.
yr Bond interest rate,
Support of $500,000 in general economic development grants is assumed for each
Facility Operational Year.The facility was assumed to be constructed and
The construction period is expected to consume 13 months following
project financial close, then ramp up to full operations in months 14 and 15.
year straight line depreciation is used to depreciate the installed cost
major equipment, and 30
preciation is based on the minimum lifespan of the equipment as
reported by the respective equipment vendors, and takes into account maintenance and overhaul cos
year Return on Investment (ROI) calculation.Return on Investment calculation is based on 10 years of
year Internal Rate of Return (IRR) calculation.Internal Rate of Return calculation is based on a
years of the base model plus 1
Maintenance and materials expenditures
% of the equipment capital costs, annually.
mal energy produced by the biomass
heating fuel purchases
is assumed as the use, for Scenario 2, water heating in replacement of the KEA
The average price of heating fuel in Kotzebue for the winter of 2012/2013 is
produced in Scenario 1
basis taking into account the relative efficiency of the diesel boilers
0%.The value of thermal energy in Scenario 1
Heat system, and the value of thermal energy is se
The contract states that the charge is equal to the quantity of
fuel (times) 70%. The quantity of fuel avoided includes a factor for
Thus, the value of thermal energy in Scenario 2 is
Financing of the project is expected to be accomplished primarily through raising of
.The projects
yr Bond interest rate,2.5% as of November
Support of $500,000 in general economic development grants is assumed for each
The facility was assumed to be constructed and
The construction period is expected to consume 13 months following
n months 14 and 15.
year straight line depreciation is used to depreciate the installed cost
major equipment, and 30-yr straight line depreciation for process
preciation is based on the minimum lifespan of the equipment as
reported by the respective equipment vendors, and takes into account maintenance and overhaul cos
Return on Investment calculation is based on 10 years of
Internal Rate of Return calculation is based on a
e base model plus 10 years of additional end
and materials expenditures
% of the equipment capital costs, annually.
by the biomass energy
heating fuel purchases.For Scenario 1, space
is assumed as the use, for Scenario 2, water heating in replacement of the KEA
The average price of heating fuel in Kotzebue for the winter of 2012/2013 is
produced in Scenario 1 is based on the local price of #1
the relative efficiency of the diesel boilers
The value of thermal energy in Scenario 1
thermal energy is se
The contract states that the charge is equal to the quantity of
fuel (times) 70%. The quantity of fuel avoided includes a factor for
Thus, the value of thermal energy in Scenario 2 is
Financing of the project is expected to be accomplished primarily through raising of
projects expected interest rate is set at
November 2012.
Support of $500,000 in general economic development grants is assumed for each
The facility was assumed to be constructed and
The construction period is expected to consume 13 months following
n months 14 and 15.
year straight line depreciation is used to depreciate the installed cost
yr straight line depreciation for process
preciation is based on the minimum lifespan of the equipment as
reported by the respective equipment vendors, and takes into account maintenance and overhaul cos
Return on Investment calculation is based on 10 years of
Internal Rate of Return calculation is based on a
years of additional end
and materials expenditures for each
December 2012
plant scenarios
For Scenario 1, space
is assumed as the use, for Scenario 2, water heating in replacement of the KEA
The average price of heating fuel in Kotzebue for the winter of 2012/2013 is
is based on the local price of #1
the relative efficiency of the diesel boilers
The value of thermal energy in Scenario 1
thermal energy is set according to the
The contract states that the charge is equal to the quantity of heating
fuel (times) 70%. The quantity of fuel avoided includes a factor for
Thus, the value of thermal energy in Scenario 2 is
Financing of the project is expected to be accomplished primarily through raising of
expected interest rate is set at
2012.
Support of $500,000 in general economic development grants is assumed for each
The facility was assumed to be constructed and
The construction period is expected to consume 13 months following
year straight line depreciation is used to depreciate the installed cost
yr straight line depreciation for process
preciation is based on the minimum lifespan of the equipment as
reported by the respective equipment vendors, and takes into account maintenance and overhaul cos
Return on Investment calculation is based on 10 years of
Internal Rate of Return calculation is based on a
years of additional end-of-year cash
for each project scenario
December 2012
scenarios is
For Scenario 1, space
is assumed as the use, for Scenario 2, water heating in replacement of the KEA
The average price of heating fuel in Kotzebue for the winter of 2012/2013 is
is based on the local price of #1
the relative efficiency of the diesel boilers
The value of thermal energy in Scenario 1
t according to the
heating fuel
fuel (times) 70%. The quantity of fuel avoided includes a factor for
Thus, the value of thermal energy in Scenario 2 is
Financing of the project is expected to be accomplished primarily through raising of
expected interest rate is set at
Support of $500,000 in general economic development grants is assumed for each
The facility was assumed to be constructed and
The construction period is expected to consume 13 months following
year straight line depreciation is used to depreciate the installed cost
yr straight line depreciation for process
preciation is based on the minimum lifespan of the equipment as
reported by the respective equipment vendors, and takes into account maintenance and overhaul costs.
Return on Investment calculation is based on 10 years of
Internal Rate of Return calculation is based on a 20-
year cash
scenario
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
7-5
7.3 PRO FORMA
Tetra Tech conducted
for the city of Kotzebue
project.
including a balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement.
year of construction and ten years of operation)
Cost Model also produces
been determined and the viability of the projects with regard to each has been
As before, the financial pro forma analysis considered for two project scenarios; Scenario 1 is a 1.5 MM Btu
RDF boiler system, Scenario 2 is a 1.5 MM Btu MSW
7.3.1 PROJECT FINANCIAL AN
Based on the inputs included in the financi
financial ventures. The RDF
lifespan Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
nearly $213,000
scenario.
Table
City of Kotzebue 112C04294
Financial Projections Summary
10
20
Simple Payback in Years
Average Annual
Total Project Investment
However, average income and
before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization), the cash
entity.Thus, o
(approximately $150,000 and $
costs, maintenance, and employee pay (totaling approximately $
produces enough cash flow to support a single employee, however, and required the $500,000 grant funding
to reduce the cost of capital equipment repaymen
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
PRO FORMA FINANCIAL MODE
Tetra Tech conducted the
ity of Kotzebue
The Tetra Tech
including a balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement.
year of construction and ten years of operation)
Cost Model also produces
been determined and the viability of the projects with regard to each has been
As before, the financial pro forma analysis considered for two project scenarios; Scenario 1 is a 1.5 MM Btu
oiler system, Scenario 2 is a 1.5 MM Btu MSW
PROJECT FINANCIAL AN
Based on the inputs included in the financi
financial ventures. The RDF
lifespan Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
nearly $213,000,and a lifespan IRR of 4.7%.
Table 7-2: Summary Financial Metrics
City of Kotzebue 112C04294
Financial Projections Summary
10-year Average Annual ROI
20-year Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
Simple Payback in Years
Average Annual
Total Project Investment
However, average income and
before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization), the cash
Thus, on an ongoing operations basis, the facilities are self
(approximately $150,000 and $
ts, maintenance, and employee pay (totaling approximately $
produces enough cash flow to support a single employee, however, and required the $500,000 grant funding
to reduce the cost of capital equipment repaymen
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
FINANCIAL MODE
the financial a
ity of Kotzebue to pursue, and to identify key project parameters that most affect the viability of the
The Tetra Tech Life Cycle Cost Model
including a balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement.
year of construction and ten years of operation)
Cost Model also produces 20-year project return calculations.
been determined and the viability of the projects with regard to each has been
As before, the financial pro forma analysis considered for two project scenarios; Scenario 1 is a 1.5 MM Btu
oiler system, Scenario 2 is a 1.5 MM Btu MSW
PROJECT FINANCIAL ANALYSIS RESULTS
Based on the inputs included in the financi
financial ventures. The RDF boiler produces a slim
lifespan Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
and a lifespan IRR of 4.7%.
: Summary Financial Metrics
City of Kotzebue 112C04294
Financial Projections Summary
year Average Annual ROI
year Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
Simple Payback in Years
Average Annual Income
Total Project Investment
However, average income and IRR do not tell the full story.
before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization), the cash
n an ongoing operations basis, the facilities are self
(approximately $150,000 and $500,000 annually, for Scenario
ts, maintenance, and employee pay (totaling approximately $
produces enough cash flow to support a single employee, however, and required the $500,000 grant funding
to reduce the cost of capital equipment repaymen
FEASIBILITY STUDY
FINANCIAL MODELING AND PROJECTED R
analysis to determine if
, and to identify key project parameters that most affect the viability of the
Life Cycle Cost Model
including a balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement.
year of construction and ten years of operation)for the
year project return calculations.
been determined and the viability of the projects with regard to each has been
As before, the financial pro forma analysis considered for two project scenarios; Scenario 1 is a 1.5 MM Btu
oiler system, Scenario 2 is a 1.5 MM Btu MSW
ALYSIS RESULTS
Based on the inputs included in the financial model,
oiler produces a slim
lifespan Internal Rate of Return (IRR)of 1.8%.The MSW
and a lifespan IRR of 4.7%.T
: Summary Financial Metrics
City of Kotzebue 112C04294
Financial Projections Summary
Scenario 1:
RDF Boiler
year Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
do not tell the full story.
before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization), the cash
n an ongoing operations basis, the facilities are self
0,000 annually, for Scenario
ts, maintenance, and employee pay (totaling approximately $
produces enough cash flow to support a single employee, however, and required the $500,000 grant funding
to reduce the cost of capital equipment repaymen
FEASIBILITY STUDY
LING AND PROJECTED R
nalysis to determine if a biomass energy
, and to identify key project parameters that most affect the viability of the
Life Cycle Cost Model produces ten
including a balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement.
for the scenario is
year project return calculations.
been determined and the viability of the projects with regard to each has been
As before, the financial pro forma analysis considered for two project scenarios; Scenario 1 is a 1.5 MM Btu
oiler system, Scenario 2 is a 1.5 MM Btu MSW gasifier system.
ALYSIS RESULTS
al model,both the
oiler produces a slim annual average
The MSW gasifier produces a
Table 7-2 displays the summary financial metrics of each
Scenario 1:
RDF Boiler
2.6%
1.8%
17.66
$39,749
$2,053,100
do not tell the full story.Both facilities produce positive EBITDA (earnings
before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization), the cash
n an ongoing operations basis, the facilities are self
0,000 annually, for Scenarios
ts, maintenance, and employee pay (totaling approximately $
produces enough cash flow to support a single employee, however, and required the $500,000 grant funding
to reduce the cost of capital equipment repayment.
LING AND PROJECTED RETURNS
a biomass energy
, and to identify key project parameters that most affect the viability of the
ten-year operating forecasts for the projects
including a balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement.Complete 11
scenario is included in the appendixes.
The impacts of critical project variables have
been determined and the viability of the projects with regard to each has been
As before, the financial pro forma analysis considered for two project scenarios; Scenario 1 is a 1.5 MM Btu
asifier system.
RDF boiler and
annual average net income of
asifier produces a
displays the summary financial metrics of each
Scenario 2:
MSW Gasifier
2.6%
1.8%
7.66
$39,749 $212,916
$2,053,100 $4,930,100
Both facilities produce positive EBITDA (earnings
before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization), the cash flow from operations
n an ongoing operations basis, the facilities are self-sustaining, saving more in fuel costs
s 1 and 2, respectively
ts, maintenance, and employee pay (totaling approximately $55,000 and $2
produces enough cash flow to support a single employee, however, and required the $500,000 grant funding
ETURNS
a biomass energy plant is economically feasible
, and to identify key project parameters that most affect the viability of the
year operating forecasts for the projects
Complete 11-year pro
included in the appendixes.
The impacts of critical project variables have
been determined and the viability of the projects with regard to each has been evaluated.
As before, the financial pro forma analysis considered for two project scenarios; Scenario 1 is a 1.5 MM Btu
and the MSW g
net income of nearly $40,000,
asifier produces an annual average income
displays the summary financial metrics of each
Scenario 2:
MSW Gasifier
4.8%
4.7%
11.93
$212,916
$4,930,100
Both facilities produce positive EBITDA (earnings
flow from operations
sustaining, saving more in fuel costs
, respectively) than their operational
,000 and $230,000, each).
produces enough cash flow to support a single employee, however, and required the $500,000 grant funding
December 2012
is economically feasible
, and to identify key project parameters that most affect the viability of the
year operating forecasts for the projects
year pro forma
included in the appendixes.The Life Cycle
The impacts of critical project variables have
As before, the financial pro forma analysis considered for two project scenarios; Scenario 1 is a 1.5 MM Btu
gasifier are positive
nearly $40,000,and project
l average income
displays the summary financial metrics of each
Both facilities produce positive EBITDA (earnings
flow from operations for a tax-exempt
sustaining, saving more in fuel costs
) than their operational
,000, each).Scenario 1 only
produces enough cash flow to support a single employee, however, and required the $500,000 grant funding
December 2012
is economically feasible
, and to identify key project parameters that most affect the viability of the
year operating forecasts for the projects
forma (one
The Life Cycle
The impacts of critical project variables have
As before, the financial pro forma analysis considered for two project scenarios; Scenario 1 is a 1.5 MM Btu
positive
project
l average income of
displays the summary financial metrics of each
Both facilities produce positive EBITDA (earnings
exempt
sustaining, saving more in fuel costs
) than their operational
Scenario 1 only
produces enough cash flow to support a single employee, however, and required the $500,000 grant funding
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
7-6
Table 7-3
summaries display projected financial metrics in Year 2 of facility operation, assumed to be the first year
stable facility operations.
Table
City of Kotzebue 112C04294
Pro
Net Revenue
Avoided Disposal
Heat
Power
Total Revenue
Production & Operating Expenses
Feedstocks
Electricity
Total Production Costs
Gross
Env. Commodities / Incentives
Administrative & Operating Expenses
Maintenance Materials & Services
Salaries, Wages & Benefits
Total Administrative &
EBITDA
Less:
Interest
Depreciation & Amortization
Current Income Taxes
Year 2 Net Earnings
10-Year Average Annual Income
10-Year Average Annual ROI
20-Year Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
Appendices A and B display
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
shows a summary pro forma Income
summaries display projected financial metrics in Year 2 of facility operation, assumed to be the first year
stable facility operations.
Table 7-3:Results of Baseline Scenario Financial Analysis
City of Kotzebue 112C04294
Pro forma Income Statement for Year 2
Net Revenue
Avoided Disposal
Heat
Power
Total Revenue
Production & Operating Expenses
Feedstocks
Electricity
Total Production Costs
Gross Profit
Env. Commodities / Incentives
Administrative & Operating Expenses
Maintenance Materials & Services
Salaries, Wages & Benefits
Total Administrative &
EBITDA
Less:
Interest -Senior Debt
Depreciation & Amortization
Current Income Taxes
Year 2 Net Earnings
Year Average Annual Income
Year Average Annual ROI
Year Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
Appendices A and B display
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
summary pro forma Income
summaries display projected financial metrics in Year 2 of facility operation, assumed to be the first year
stable facility operations.
Results of Baseline Scenario Financial Analysis
City of Kotzebue 112C04294
forma Income Statement for Year 2
Avoided Disposal Cost
Production & Operating Expenses
Total Production Costs
Env. Commodities / Incentives
Administrative & Operating Expenses
Maintenance Materials & Services
Salaries, Wages & Benefits
Total Administrative &Operating Expenses
Senior Debt
Depreciation & Amortization
Current Income Taxes
Year 2 Net Earnings
Year Average Annual Income
Year Average Annual ROI
Year Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
Appendices A and B display complete
FEASIBILITY STUDY
summary pro forma Income Statement for the two baseline production scenarios. The
summaries display projected financial metrics in Year 2 of facility operation, assumed to be the first year
Results of Baseline Scenario Financial Analysis
forma Income Statement for Year 2
Production & Operating Expenses
Env. Commodities / Incentives
Administrative & Operating Expenses
Maintenance Materials & Services
Operating Expenses
Year Average Annual Income
Year Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
complete financial pro forma
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Statement for the two baseline production scenarios. The
summaries display projected financial metrics in Year 2 of facility operation, assumed to be the first year
Results of Baseline Scenario Financial Analysis
Scenario 1:
RDF Boiler
Operating Expenses
financial pro formas for the
Statement for the two baseline production scenarios. The
summaries display projected financial metrics in Year 2 of facility operation, assumed to be the first year
Scenario 1:
RDF Boiler MSW Gasifier
$/Year
$29,905
$154,715
$0
$184,620
$12,300
$221
$12,521
$172,099
$0
$5,329
$50,490
$55,819
$116,281
$24,859
$65,085
$0
$26,337
$39,749
2.6%
1.8%
the scenarios.
Statement for the two baseline production scenarios. The
summaries display projected financial metrics in Year 2 of facility operation, assumed to be the first year
Scenario 2:
MSW Gasifier
$/Year
$152,159
$493,136
$0
$645,295
$0
$1,078
$1,078
$644,217
$0
$39,341
$191,760
$231,101
$413,115
$71,632
$168,113
$0
$173,370
$212,916
4.8%
4.7%
December 2012
Statement for the two baseline production scenarios. The
summaries display projected financial metrics in Year 2 of facility operation, assumed to be the first year
$/Year
$152,159
$493,136
$0
$645,295
$0
$1,078
$1,078
$644,217
$0
$39,341
$191,760
$231,101
$413,115
$71,632
$168,113
$0
$173,370
$212,916
4.8%
4.7%
December 2012
Statement for the two baseline production scenarios. The
summaries display projected financial metrics in Year 2 of facility operation, assumed to be the first year of
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
7-7
7.3.2 OPTIONS TO IMPROVE C
While both
they have medium
break-even than many banks and private investors
the conservative feasibility study assumptions to improve the financial outlook. Below are listed some of
those critical variables and the effect changing these variables.
Option 1: Increase RDF c
to 60% of the available material, from the estimated 50%, provides a substantial increase in energy
produced, fuel oil gallons displaced, and as a result, projected financial
product capture, throughput
If this capture
$60,000, and IRR increases to 6.1%. This
project.
Option
primarily, or also secondarily by combining capital improvement projects.
design and project management of the biomass energy plant with the proposed redesign of the WTP,
and incorporating the biomass plant within the WTP building envelope,
construction costs as well as project ‘s
Incorporating the RDF boiler scenario into the WTP reduces capital expenditure by approximately
$700,000, and improves average annual income by $30,000 per year.
solely through the improvement in capital expenditure.
Option
cash flow by reducing the debt interest payment required.
through a zero
The MSW g
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
OPTIONS TO IMPROVE C
While both project scenarios achieve positive cash flow and are on the plus side of all major financial metrics,
ave medium-term payback periods
even than many banks and private investors
the conservative feasibility study assumptions to improve the financial outlook. Below are listed some of
those critical variables and the effect changing these variables.
Option 1: Increase RDF c
to 60% of the available material, from the estimated 50%, provides a substantial increase in energy
produced, fuel oil gallons displaced, and as a result, projected financial
product capture, throughput
If this capture rate
$60,000, and IRR increases to 6.1%. This
project.
Option 2: Reduce CapEx.
primarily, or also secondarily by combining capital improvement projects.
design and project management of the biomass energy plant with the proposed redesign of the WTP,
and incorporating the biomass plant within the WTP building envelope,
construction costs as well as project ‘s
Incorporating the RDF boiler scenario into the WTP reduces capital expenditure by approximately
$700,000, and improves average annual income by $30,000 per year.
solely through the improvement in capital expenditure.
Option 3: Loan Assistance.
cash flow by reducing the debt interest payment required.
through a zero-interest loan, it
The MSW gasifier scenario improves as well, to 5.6% IRR and plus $81,000 in net income.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
OPTIONS TO IMPROVE CASH FLOW
project scenarios achieve positive cash flow and are on the plus side of all major financial metrics,
term payback periods
even than many banks and private investors
the conservative feasibility study assumptions to improve the financial outlook. Below are listed some of
those critical variables and the effect changing these variables.
Option 1: Increase RDF collection Rate to 60%
to 60% of the available material, from the estimated 50%, provides a substantial increase in energy
produced, fuel oil gallons displaced, and as a result, projected financial
product capture, throughput increases
rate is achieved, net
$60,000, and IRR increases to 6.1%. This
: Reduce CapEx.Project equity and debt requirements can be eased through grant assistance,
primarily, or also secondarily by combining capital improvement projects.
design and project management of the biomass energy plant with the proposed redesign of the WTP,
and incorporating the biomass plant within the WTP building envelope,
construction costs as well as project ‘s
Incorporating the RDF boiler scenario into the WTP reduces capital expenditure by approximately
$700,000, and improves average annual income by $30,000 per year.
solely through the improvement in capital expenditure.
: Loan Assistance.Low-
cash flow by reducing the debt interest payment required.
interest loan, it improves ROI and IRR to 4.0% each, and annual net income by $22,000
scenario improves as well, to 5.6% IRR and plus $81,000 in net income.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
ASH FLOW
project scenarios achieve positive cash flow and are on the plus side of all major financial metrics,
term payback periods near to the lifespan expectancy of the equipment
even than many banks and private investors
the conservative feasibility study assumptions to improve the financial outlook. Below are listed some of
those critical variables and the effect changing these variables.
ollection Rate to 60%
to 60% of the available material, from the estimated 50%, provides a substantial increase in energy
produced, fuel oil gallons displaced, and as a result, projected financial
increases by over 60 tons/year to 383.25 tons/year.
is achieved, net income of the RDF boiler scenario more than doubles, to nearly
$60,000, and IRR increases to 6.1%. This is an achievable goal that can have a significant impact on the
Project equity and debt requirements can be eased through grant assistance,
primarily, or also secondarily by combining capital improvement projects.
design and project management of the biomass energy plant with the proposed redesign of the WTP,
and incorporating the biomass plant within the WTP building envelope,
construction costs as well as project ‘soft costs’, the oversight and management costs of a project.
Incorporating the RDF boiler scenario into the WTP reduces capital expenditure by approximately
$700,000, and improves average annual income by $30,000 per year.
solely through the improvement in capital expenditure.
-interest or zero
cash flow by reducing the debt interest payment required.
improves ROI and IRR to 4.0% each, and annual net income by $22,000
scenario improves as well, to 5.6% IRR and plus $81,000 in net income.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
project scenarios achieve positive cash flow and are on the plus side of all major financial metrics,
near to the lifespan expectancy of the equipment
even than many banks and private investors would prefer
the conservative feasibility study assumptions to improve the financial outlook. Below are listed some of
those critical variables and the effect changing these variables.
ollection Rate to 60%.Increasing the sorting and capture rate of RDF feedstock
to 60% of the available material, from the estimated 50%, provides a substantial increase in energy
produced, fuel oil gallons displaced, and as a result, projected financial
by over 60 tons/year to 383.25 tons/year.
income of the RDF boiler scenario more than doubles, to nearly
is an achievable goal that can have a significant impact on the
Project equity and debt requirements can be eased through grant assistance,
primarily, or also secondarily by combining capital improvement projects.
design and project management of the biomass energy plant with the proposed redesign of the WTP,
and incorporating the biomass plant within the WTP building envelope,
oft costs’, the oversight and management costs of a project.
Incorporating the RDF boiler scenario into the WTP reduces capital expenditure by approximately
$700,000, and improves average annual income by $30,000 per year.
solely through the improvement in capital expenditure.
interest or zero-interest capital improvement loans
cash flow by reducing the debt interest payment required.
improves ROI and IRR to 4.0% each, and annual net income by $22,000
scenario improves as well, to 5.6% IRR and plus $81,000 in net income.
project scenarios achieve positive cash flow and are on the plus side of all major financial metrics,
near to the lifespan expectancy of the equipment
would prefer. Key project variables can be improved from
the conservative feasibility study assumptions to improve the financial outlook. Below are listed some of
Increasing the sorting and capture rate of RDF feedstock
to 60% of the available material, from the estimated 50%, provides a substantial increase in energy
produced, fuel oil gallons displaced, and as a result, projected financial performance.
by over 60 tons/year to 383.25 tons/year.
income of the RDF boiler scenario more than doubles, to nearly
is an achievable goal that can have a significant impact on the
Project equity and debt requirements can be eased through grant assistance,
primarily, or also secondarily by combining capital improvement projects.
design and project management of the biomass energy plant with the proposed redesign of the WTP,
and incorporating the biomass plant within the WTP building envelope,
oft costs’, the oversight and management costs of a project.
Incorporating the RDF boiler scenario into the WTP reduces capital expenditure by approximately
$700,000, and improves average annual income by $30,000 per year.IRR rises to investment
interest capital improvement loans
cash flow by reducing the debt interest payment required.If the RDF
improves ROI and IRR to 4.0% each, and annual net income by $22,000
scenario improves as well, to 5.6% IRR and plus $81,000 in net income.
project scenarios achieve positive cash flow and are on the plus side of all major financial metrics,
near to the lifespan expectancy of the equipment
. Key project variables can be improved from
the conservative feasibility study assumptions to improve the financial outlook. Below are listed some of
Increasing the sorting and capture rate of RDF feedstock
to 60% of the available material, from the estimated 50%, provides a substantial increase in energy
performance.
by over 60 tons/year to 383.25 tons/year.
income of the RDF boiler scenario more than doubles, to nearly
is an achievable goal that can have a significant impact on the
Project equity and debt requirements can be eased through grant assistance,
primarily, or also secondarily by combining capital improvement projects.For instance, paralleling the
design and project management of the biomass energy plant with the proposed redesign of the WTP,
and incorporating the biomass plant within the WTP building envelope,can substantially reduce
oft costs’, the oversight and management costs of a project.
Incorporating the RDF boiler scenario into the WTP reduces capital expenditure by approximately
IRR rises to investment
interest capital improvement loans can help to improve
If the RDF boiler scenario
improves ROI and IRR to 4.0% each, and annual net income by $22,000
scenario improves as well, to 5.6% IRR and plus $81,000 in net income.
December 2012
project scenarios achieve positive cash flow and are on the plus side of all major financial metrics,
near to the lifespan expectancy of the equipment, and are closer to
. Key project variables can be improved from
the conservative feasibility study assumptions to improve the financial outlook. Below are listed some of
Increasing the sorting and capture rate of RDF feedstock
to 60% of the available material, from the estimated 50%, provides a substantial increase in energy
performance.With this increased
income of the RDF boiler scenario more than doubles, to nearly
is an achievable goal that can have a significant impact on the
Project equity and debt requirements can be eased through grant assistance,
stance, paralleling the
design and project management of the biomass energy plant with the proposed redesign of the WTP,
can substantially reduce
oft costs’, the oversight and management costs of a project.
Incorporating the RDF boiler scenario into the WTP reduces capital expenditure by approximately
IRR rises to investment-grade 9.
can help to improve
scenario is capitalized
improves ROI and IRR to 4.0% each, and annual net income by $22,000
scenario improves as well, to 5.6% IRR and plus $81,000 in net income.
December 2012
project scenarios achieve positive cash flow and are on the plus side of all major financial metrics,
, and are closer to
. Key project variables can be improved from
the conservative feasibility study assumptions to improve the financial outlook. Below are listed some of
Increasing the sorting and capture rate of RDF feedstock
to 60% of the available material, from the estimated 50%, provides a substantial increase in energy
With this increased
income of the RDF boiler scenario more than doubles, to nearly
is an achievable goal that can have a significant impact on the
Project equity and debt requirements can be eased through grant assistance,
stance, paralleling the
design and project management of the biomass energy plant with the proposed redesign of the WTP,
can substantially reduce
Incorporating the RDF boiler scenario into the WTP reduces capital expenditure by approximately
grade 9.7%
can help to improve
is capitalized
improves ROI and IRR to 4.0% each, and annual net income by $22,000.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
8-1
8 CONCLUSIONSAND REC
Based on the information available at this time and the analysis conducted in this study, Tetra Tech
recommends that the
Kotzebue.
for a public entity to undertake. Benefits to the community include jobs and economic development, as well
as renewable and self
imports of fuel oil burned for heat
Evaluated options for the proposed biomass facility include
Scenario 2
near KEA’s electricity generation plant), and providing thermal energy for several potential users (Public
Works campus building heat, supplemental Add
Treatment Plant).
The optimal proj
factors outside of the scope of this study. Several configurations of the biomass energy plant are contingent
on the redevelopment of the WTP, which has been propos
built near its current location on the Public Works campus or on the Hillside area closer to the city water
source at Vortak Lake helps to determine both the scale and the location of the biomass energy plan
Tetra Tech also recommends laboratory analysis of representative samples of
scope of the study only allowed for empirical review of available information and estimation of Kotzebue’s
waste composition.
content of the material, as well as contaminants and other values. Sampling
expected product capture rate
combined with test
profile, and required equipment for combustion (pre
In conclusion, w
being unnecessarily landfilled, and a significant amount of fuel oil could be displaced
of a biomass energy plant. Total energy production of the
gallons of fuel oil each year, and could keep over
Reduction of waste is a primary driver for the project
production
but with a similar opportunity to reduce landfilled waste. Sitka’s voluntary recycling program diverts over 1.4
million pounds of material from landfills each year.
program would make Kotzebue a model community in its own right.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
CONCLUSIONSAND REC
Based on the information available at this time and the analysis conducted in this study, Tetra Tech
recommends that the
Kotzebue.The project, built at either project scale,
for a public entity to undertake. Benefits to the community include jobs and economic development, as well
as renewable and self-
imports of fuel oil burned for heat
Evaluated options for the proposed biomass facility include
Scenario 2 MSW gasifier), at several project locations (on the Public Works campus, at the Hill
near KEA’s electricity generation plant), and providing thermal energy for several potential users (Public
Works campus building heat, supplemental Add
Treatment Plant).
The optimal project scale
factors outside of the scope of this study. Several configurations of the biomass energy plant are contingent
on the redevelopment of the WTP, which has been propos
built near its current location on the Public Works campus or on the Hillside area closer to the city water
source at Vortak Lake helps to determine both the scale and the location of the biomass energy plan
Tetra Tech also recommends laboratory analysis of representative samples of
scope of the study only allowed for empirical review of available information and estimation of Kotzebue’s
waste composition.Collection of sample
content of the material, as well as contaminants and other values. Sampling
expected product capture rate
combined with test-burns in the selected conversion technology to solidify burn characteristics, emission
profile, and required equipment for combustion (pre
In conclusion, what can be determined from this study
being unnecessarily landfilled, and a significant amount of fuel oil could be displaced
of a biomass energy plant. Total energy production of the
gallons of fuel oil each year, and could keep over
Reduction of waste is a primary driver for the project
production. A model program that th
but with a similar opportunity to reduce landfilled waste. Sitka’s voluntary recycling program diverts over 1.4
million pounds of material from landfills each year.
program would make Kotzebue a model community in its own right.
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDY
CONCLUSIONSAND REC
Based on the information available at this time and the analysis conducted in this study, Tetra Tech
recommends that the city of Kotzebue proceed with further development of a biomass energy plant in
, built at either project scale,
for a public entity to undertake. Benefits to the community include jobs and economic development, as well
-reliant energy
imports of fuel oil burned for heat.
Evaluated options for the proposed biomass facility include
MSW gasifier), at several project locations (on the Public Works campus, at the Hill
near KEA’s electricity generation plant), and providing thermal energy for several potential users (Public
Works campus building heat, supplemental Add
ect scale and configuration
factors outside of the scope of this study. Several configurations of the biomass energy plant are contingent
on the redevelopment of the WTP, which has been propos
built near its current location on the Public Works campus or on the Hillside area closer to the city water
source at Vortak Lake helps to determine both the scale and the location of the biomass energy plan
Tetra Tech also recommends laboratory analysis of representative samples of
scope of the study only allowed for empirical review of available information and estimation of Kotzebue’s
Collection of sample
content of the material, as well as contaminants and other values. Sampling
expected product capture rate of RDF
burns in the selected conversion technology to solidify burn characteristics, emission
profile, and required equipment for combustion (pre
can be determined from this study
being unnecessarily landfilled, and a significant amount of fuel oil could be displaced
of a biomass energy plant. Total energy production of the
gallons of fuel oil each year, and could keep over
Reduction of waste is a primary driver for the project
. A model program that th
but with a similar opportunity to reduce landfilled waste. Sitka’s voluntary recycling program diverts over 1.4
million pounds of material from landfills each year.
program would make Kotzebue a model community in its own right.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
CONCLUSIONSAND RECOMMENDATIO
Based on the information available at this time and the analysis conducted in this study, Tetra Tech
ity of Kotzebue proceed with further development of a biomass energy plant in
, built at either project scale,
for a public entity to undertake. Benefits to the community include jobs and economic development, as well
energy generation, reduced waste disposal in the local lan
Evaluated options for the proposed biomass facility include
MSW gasifier), at several project locations (on the Public Works campus, at the Hill
near KEA’s electricity generation plant), and providing thermal energy for several potential users (Public
Works campus building heat, supplemental Add-Heat, and/or Add
and configuration remains indeterminate at this time, and is based on a number of
factors outside of the scope of this study. Several configurations of the biomass energy plant are contingent
on the redevelopment of the WTP, which has been propos
built near its current location on the Public Works campus or on the Hillside area closer to the city water
source at Vortak Lake helps to determine both the scale and the location of the biomass energy plan
Tetra Tech also recommends laboratory analysis of representative samples of
scope of the study only allowed for empirical review of available information and estimation of Kotzebue’s
Collection of sample combustible material product will determine the actual energy
content of the material, as well as contaminants and other values. Sampling
of RDF. Laboratory characterization of the feedstock source
burns in the selected conversion technology to solidify burn characteristics, emission
profile, and required equipment for combustion (pre
can be determined from this study
being unnecessarily landfilled, and a significant amount of fuel oil could be displaced
of a biomass energy plant. Total energy production of the
gallons of fuel oil each year, and could keep over
Reduction of waste is a primary driver for the project
. A model program that this can be based on is Sitka, a town roughly twice the size of Kotzebue
but with a similar opportunity to reduce landfilled waste. Sitka’s voluntary recycling program diverts over 1.4
million pounds of material from landfills each year.
program would make Kotzebue a model community in its own right.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
OMMENDATIO
Based on the information available at this time and the analysis conducted in this study, Tetra Tech
ity of Kotzebue proceed with further development of a biomass energy plant in
, built at either project scale,appears to be a
for a public entity to undertake. Benefits to the community include jobs and economic development, as well
, reduced waste disposal in the local lan
Evaluated options for the proposed biomass facility include two
MSW gasifier), at several project locations (on the Public Works campus, at the Hill
near KEA’s electricity generation plant), and providing thermal energy for several potential users (Public
Heat, and/or Add
remains indeterminate at this time, and is based on a number of
factors outside of the scope of this study. Several configurations of the biomass energy plant are contingent
on the redevelopment of the WTP, which has been proposed but not yet finalized. Whether the new WTP is
built near its current location on the Public Works campus or on the Hillside area closer to the city water
source at Vortak Lake helps to determine both the scale and the location of the biomass energy plan
Tetra Tech also recommends laboratory analysis of representative samples of
scope of the study only allowed for empirical review of available information and estimation of Kotzebue’s
combustible material product will determine the actual energy
content of the material, as well as contaminants and other values. Sampling
. Laboratory characterization of the feedstock source
burns in the selected conversion technology to solidify burn characteristics, emission
profile, and required equipment for combustion (pre-processing, ash handling, etc).
can be determined from this study is that a significant amount of Kotzebue’s trash is
being unnecessarily landfilled, and a significant amount of fuel oil could be displaced
of a biomass energy plant. Total energy production of the RDF Boiler scenario
gallons of fuel oil each year, and could keep over 300 tons of waste out of the local landfill annually.
Reduction of waste is a primary driver for the project, not to be forgotten with the benefits of energy
is can be based on is Sitka, a town roughly twice the size of Kotzebue
but with a similar opportunity to reduce landfilled waste. Sitka’s voluntary recycling program diverts over 1.4
million pounds of material from landfills each year.A biomass energy pl
program would make Kotzebue a model community in its own right.
OMMENDATIONS
Based on the information available at this time and the analysis conducted in this study, Tetra Tech
ity of Kotzebue proceed with further development of a biomass energy plant in
appears to be a technically and
for a public entity to undertake. Benefits to the community include jobs and economic development, as well
, reduced waste disposal in the local lan
two configurations (
MSW gasifier), at several project locations (on the Public Works campus, at the Hill
near KEA’s electricity generation plant), and providing thermal energy for several potential users (Public
Heat, and/or Add-Heat preheating for a redesigned Water
remains indeterminate at this time, and is based on a number of
factors outside of the scope of this study. Several configurations of the biomass energy plant are contingent
ed but not yet finalized. Whether the new WTP is
built near its current location on the Public Works campus or on the Hillside area closer to the city water
source at Vortak Lake helps to determine both the scale and the location of the biomass energy plan
Tetra Tech also recommends laboratory analysis of representative samples of
scope of the study only allowed for empirical review of available information and estimation of Kotzebue’s
combustible material product will determine the actual energy
content of the material, as well as contaminants and other values. Sampling
. Laboratory characterization of the feedstock source
burns in the selected conversion technology to solidify burn characteristics, emission
processing, ash handling, etc).
s that a significant amount of Kotzebue’s trash is
being unnecessarily landfilled, and a significant amount of fuel oil could be displaced
RDF Boiler scenario
tons of waste out of the local landfill annually.
, not to be forgotten with the benefits of energy
is can be based on is Sitka, a town roughly twice the size of Kotzebue
but with a similar opportunity to reduce landfilled waste. Sitka’s voluntary recycling program diverts over 1.4
A biomass energy pl
program would make Kotzebue a model community in its own right.
Based on the information available at this time and the analysis conducted in this study, Tetra Tech
ity of Kotzebue proceed with further development of a biomass energy plant in
technically and financially sound decision
for a public entity to undertake. Benefits to the community include jobs and economic development, as well
, reduced waste disposal in the local lan
configurations (Scenario 1
MSW gasifier), at several project locations (on the Public Works campus, at the Hill
near KEA’s electricity generation plant), and providing thermal energy for several potential users (Public
Heat preheating for a redesigned Water
remains indeterminate at this time, and is based on a number of
factors outside of the scope of this study. Several configurations of the biomass energy plant are contingent
ed but not yet finalized. Whether the new WTP is
built near its current location on the Public Works campus or on the Hillside area closer to the city water
source at Vortak Lake helps to determine both the scale and the location of the biomass energy plan
Tetra Tech also recommends laboratory analysis of representative samples of Kotzebue’s waste stream.
scope of the study only allowed for empirical review of available information and estimation of Kotzebue’s
combustible material product will determine the actual energy
content of the material, as well as contaminants and other values. Sampling can also help to indicate
. Laboratory characterization of the feedstock source
burns in the selected conversion technology to solidify burn characteristics, emission
processing, ash handling, etc).
s that a significant amount of Kotzebue’s trash is
being unnecessarily landfilled, and a significant amount of fuel oil could be displaced,with the development
RDF Boiler scenario would displace
tons of waste out of the local landfill annually.
, not to be forgotten with the benefits of energy
is can be based on is Sitka, a town roughly twice the size of Kotzebue
but with a similar opportunity to reduce landfilled waste. Sitka’s voluntary recycling program diverts over 1.4
A biomass energy plant combined with a recycling
December 2012
Based on the information available at this time and the analysis conducted in this study, Tetra Tech
ity of Kotzebue proceed with further development of a biomass energy plant in
financially sound decision
for a public entity to undertake. Benefits to the community include jobs and economic development, as well
, reduced waste disposal in the local landfill, and reduced
Scenario 1RDF boiler
MSW gasifier), at several project locations (on the Public Works campus, at the Hillside site, or
near KEA’s electricity generation plant), and providing thermal energy for several potential users (Public
Heat preheating for a redesigned Water
remains indeterminate at this time, and is based on a number of
factors outside of the scope of this study. Several configurations of the biomass energy plant are contingent
ed but not yet finalized. Whether the new WTP is
built near its current location on the Public Works campus or on the Hillside area closer to the city water
source at Vortak Lake helps to determine both the scale and the location of the biomass energy plant.
Kotzebue’s waste stream.
scope of the study only allowed for empirical review of available information and estimation of Kotzebue’s
combustible material product will determine the actual energy
can also help to indicate
. Laboratory characterization of the feedstock source should be
burns in the selected conversion technology to solidify burn characteristics, emission
s that a significant amount of Kotzebue’s trash is
with the development
displace over 30
tons of waste out of the local landfill annually.
, not to be forgotten with the benefits of energy
is can be based on is Sitka, a town roughly twice the size of Kotzebue
but with a similar opportunity to reduce landfilled waste. Sitka’s voluntary recycling program diverts over 1.4
ant combined with a recycling
December 2012
Based on the information available at this time and the analysis conducted in this study, Tetra Tech
ity of Kotzebue proceed with further development of a biomass energy plant in
financially sound decision
for a public entity to undertake. Benefits to the community include jobs and economic development, as well
dfill, and reduced
RDF boiler and
side site, or
near KEA’s electricity generation plant), and providing thermal energy for several potential users (Public
Heat preheating for a redesigned Water
remains indeterminate at this time, and is based on a number of
factors outside of the scope of this study. Several configurations of the biomass energy plant are contingent
ed but not yet finalized. Whether the new WTP is
built near its current location on the Public Works campus or on the Hillside area closer to the city water
Kotzebue’s waste stream.The
scope of the study only allowed for empirical review of available information and estimation of Kotzebue’s
combustible material product will determine the actual energy
can also help to indicate
should be
burns in the selected conversion technology to solidify burn characteristics, emission
s that a significant amount of Kotzebue’s trash is
with the development
30,000
tons of waste out of the local landfill annually.
, not to be forgotten with the benefits of energy
is can be based on is Sitka, a town roughly twice the size of Kotzebue
but with a similar opportunity to reduce landfilled waste. Sitka’s voluntary recycling program diverts over 1.4
ant combined with a recycling
KOTZEBUE BIOMASS
8-2
KOTZEBUE BIOMASSKOTZEBUE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY STUDYFEASIBILITY STUDYFEASIBILITY STUDY
December 2012December 2012
Appendix A - 0
APPENDIX A – LIFE CYCLE COST MODEL PROFORMA
RDF Boiler Scenario Financial Projection
Appendix A - 1
Cityof Kotzebue - RDFBoiler
Financial Assumptions
Nameplate Plant Scale 1.5 MMBtu
Operating Days Per Year 350
USEOFFUNDS: SOURCEOFFUNDS:Investment Activities
Project Engineering & Construction Costs Senior Debt Income TaxRate 0.00%
EPC Contract $350,000 Principal $1,026,550 50.00% Investment Interest 0.00%
Deliveryand Installation $624,000 Interest Rate 2.50% fixed Operating Line Interest 0.00%
Rail $0 Lender and Misc. Fees $0 0.000%
Barge Unloading $0 Placement Fees $0 0.000% State Producer Payment
Additional Feedstock Storage $0 Amortization Period 30 years Producer payment $0
Contingency $373,000 Cash Sweep 0.000% Env. Commodity$/kWh $0.000
Total Engineering and Construction Cost $1,347,000 Incentive duration, years 0
Subordinate Debt
Development and Start-up Costs Principal $0 0.00% Other Incentive Payments Expires
Inventory- Feedstock $0 Interest Rate 0.00% interest only Small Producer TaxCredit 0 n/a
Inventory- Chemicals $0 Lender Fees $0 0.000% ITC / PTC TaxCredit $0.00 n/a
Inventory- Spare Parts $0 Placement Fees $0 0.000%
Start-up Costs $100 Amortization Period 10 years Plant Operating Rate
Land $0
Site Development $218,000 EquityInvestment Month % Nameplate
Building & Office Equipment $388,000 Total EquityAmount $526,550 25.65% 13 50.0%
Insurance & Performance Bond $0 Placement Fees $0 0.000% 14 50.0%
Rolling Stock & Shop Equipment $0 Common Equity $526,550 100.000% 15 100.0%
Organizational Costs & Permits $100,000 Preferred Equity $0 0.000% 16 100.0%
Capitalized Interest & Financing Costs $0 17 100.0%
Working Capital/Risk Management $0 Grants 18 100.0%
Total Development Costs $706,100 Amount $500,000 24.35% 19 100.0%
20 100.0%
TOTAL USES $2,053,100 TOTAL SOURCES $2,053,100 21 100.0%
22 100.0%
Accounts Payable, Receivable & Inventories Receivable Payable Inventories 23 100.0%
(# Days) (# Days) (# Days) 24 100.0%
Finished Products 14 0
Chemicals 0 0
Feedstock 10 30
Utilities 15
Appendix A - 2
Cityof Kotzebue - RDFBoiler
Production Assumptions
1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year 6th Year 7th Year 8th Year 9th Year 10th Year Annual
Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Escalation
Year: 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Feedstock Inputs
MSW Input (raw ton/year) 293 319 319 319 319 319 319 319 319 319
SecpondaryFeedstock Input (tons/yr) 0 41.0 41.0 41.0 41.0 41.0 41.0 41.0 41.0 41.0
Feedstock Moisture Content (%) 9.3% 9.3% 9.3% 9.3% 9.3% 9.3% 9.3% 9.3% 9.3% 9.3%
Blended Feedstock LHV(btu/lb) 6,580 6,580 6,580 6,580 6,580 6,580 6,580 6,580 6,580 6,580
Total Feedstock Usage (ton/yr) 293 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 360
Feedstock Price / Tipping Fee ($/ton) $0.00 $34.13 $34.81 $35.51 $36.22 $36.94 $37.68 $38.44 $39.21 $39.99 2.00%
Production Outputs
Avoided Disposal Cost
Avoided disposal Yield (tons/ton waste) 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90
Avoided Waste total (ton/year) 263 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287
Cost of Disposal ($/ton) 102.00 104.04 106.12 108.24 110.41 112.62 114.87 117.17 119.51 121.90 2.00%
Heat & Power
Co-generation Efficiency(%) 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Heat Recovery(%) 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Total Raw Feedstock EnergyContent (MMBTU/yr) 3,852 4,742 4,742 4,742 4,742 4,742 4,742 4,742 4,742 4,742
ElectricityProduction (kWh/yr) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ElectricityAvailable for Sale (kWh/yr) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ElectricitySale Price ($/kWh) $0.000 $0.000 $0.000 $0.000 $0.000 $0.000 $0.000 $0.000 $0.000 $0.000 2.00%
Thermal EnergyProduction (MMBtu/yr) 3,071 3,351 3,351 3,351 3,351 3,351 3,351 3,351 3,351 3,351
Thermal EnergyAvailable for Sale (MMBtu/yr) 3,071 3,351 3,351 3,351 3,351 3,351 3,351 3,351 3,351 3,351
Thermal EnergySale Price ($/MMBtu) $45.0500 $46.1763 $47.3307 $48.5139 $49.7268 $50.9699 $52.2442 $53.5503 $54.8891 $56.2613 2.50%
UtilityUsage
Thermal EnergyRequired (BTU/raw ton feedstock) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Thermal EnergyGenerated (BTU/raw ton) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Makeup EnergyNeeded (BTU/raw ton) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Thermal EnergyPrice ($/MMBTU) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Annual Thermal EnergyUse (MMBTU/yr) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ElectricityRequired (kWh/raw ton feedstock) 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
ElectricityGenerated (kWh/raw ton) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Makeup ElectricityNeeded (kWh/raw ton) 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
ElectricityPrice ($/kWh) 0.2400 0.2448 0.2497 0.2547 0.2598 0.2650 0.2703 0.2757 0.2812 0.2868 2.00%
Annual ElectricityUse (kWh/year) 732 901 901 901 901 901 901 901 901 901
ElectricityDemand (MW) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Number of Employees 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Average Salary $49,500 $50,490 $51,500 $52,530 $53,580 $54,652 $55,745 $56,860 $57,997 $59,157 2.00%
Maintenance Materials & Services (% of Capital Equipment Cost)1.500% 1.523% 1.545% 1.569% 1.592% 1.616% 1.640% 1.665% 1.690% 1.715% 1.50%
PropertyTax& Insurance (% of Depreciated Property, Plant & Equipment)0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 3.00%
Inflation for all other Administrative Expense Categories 2.00%
Appendix A - 3
Cityof Kotzebue - RDFBoiler
Proforma Balance Sheet
Construction 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year 6th Year 7th Year 8th Year 9th Year 10th Year
(Year 0) Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations
ASSETS 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Current Assets:
Cash & Cash Equivalents 0 69,014 135,650 206,276 280,110 357,236 437,739 521,710 609,239 700,420 795,348
Inventories
Feedstock 0 0 1,054 1,075 1,097 1,119 1,141 1,164 1,187 1,211 1,235
Finished Product Inventory 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Spare Parts 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Inventories 0 0 1,054 1,075 1,097 1,119 1,141 1,164 1,187 1,211 1,235
Prepaid Expenses 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Other Current Assets 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Current Assets 0 70,048 137,900 208,572 282,452 359,624 440,175 524,195 611,774 703,005 797,985
Land 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Property, Plant & Equipment
Property, Plant & Equipment, at cost 1,757,700 1,953,000 1,953,000 1,953,000 1,953,000 1,953,000 1,953,000 1,953,000 1,953,000 1,953,000 1,953,000
Less Accumulated Depreciation & Amortization 0 65,085 128,713 192,341 255,970 319,598 383,226 446,854 510,482 574,110 637,738
Net Property, Plant & Equipment 1,757,700 1,887,915 1,824,287 1,760,659 1,697,030 1,633,402 1,569,774 1,506,146 1,442,518 1,378,890 1,315,262
Capitalized Fees & Interest 9,439 14,569 13,112 11,655 10,199 8,742 7,285 5,828 4,371 2,914 1,457
Total Assets 1,767,139 1,972,532 1,975,299 1,980,886 1,989,681 2,001,768 2,017,234 2,036,169 2,058,662 2,084,809 2,114,704
LIABILITIES & EQUITIES
Current Liabilities:
Accounts Payable 0 8 321 327 334 341 347 354 361 369 376
Notes Payable 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Current Maturities of Senior Debt (incl. sweeps) 0 23,883 24,485 25,103 25,737 26,386 27,052 27,735 28,435 29,152 0
Current Maturities of Working Capital 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Current Liabilities 0 23,891 24,806 25,431 26,071 26,727 27,399 28,089 28,796 29,521 376
Senior Debt (excluding current maturities) 815,589 979,372 954,887 929,784 904,047 877,661 850,609 822,874 794,439 765,287 765,287
Working Capital (excluding current maturities) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Deferred Income Taxes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Liabilities 815,589 1,003,263 979,693 955,214 930,118 904,388 878,008 850,963 823,235 794,808 765,663
Capital Units & Equities
Common Equity 526,550 526,550 526,550 526,550 526,550 526,550 526,550 526,550 526,550 526,550 526,550
Preferred Equity 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Grants 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000
Distribution to Shareholders 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Retained Earnings (75,000) (57,281) (30,944) (879) 33,013 70,830 112,676 158,656 208,877 263,451 322,490
Total Capital Shares & Equities 951,550 969,269 995,606 1,025,671 1,059,563 1,097,380 1,139,226 1,185,206 1,235,427 1,290,001 1,349,040
Total Liabilities & Equities 1,767,139 1,972,532 1,975,299 1,980,886 1,989,681 2,001,768 2,017,234 2,036,169 2,058,662 2,084,809 2,114,704
Appendix A - 4
Cityof Kotzebue - RDFBoiler
Proforma Income Statement
Construction 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year 6th Year 7th Year 8th Year 9th Year 10th Year
(Year 0)Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Revenue
Avoided Disposal Cost 0 24,376 29,905 30,503 31,113 31,735 32,370 33,018 33,678 34,351 35,038
Heat 0 138,363 154,715 158,583 162,547 166,611 170,776 175,046 179,422 183,907 188,505
Power 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Environmental Commodities / Incentives 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Revenue 0 162,739 184,620 189,086 193,661 198,346 203,146 208,063 213,100 218,259 223,544
Production & Operating Expenses
Feedstocks 0 0 12,300 12,546 12,797 13,053 13,314 13,580 13,852 14,129 14,411
Chemicals 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Natural Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Electricity 0 176 221 225 229 234 239 244 248 253 258
Makeup Water 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wastewater Disposal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Direct Labor & Benefits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Production Costs 0 176 12,521 12,771 13,026 13,287 13,553 13,824 14,100 14,382 14,670
Gross Profit 0 162,563 172,099 176,315 180,634 185,060 189,594 194,240 199,000 203,877 208,874
Administrative & Operating Expenses
Maintenance Materials & Services 0 4,813 5,329 5,409 5,490 5,572 5,656 5,741 5,827 5,914 6,003
Repairs & Maintenance - Wages & Benefits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Consulting, Management and Bank Fees 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PropertyTaxes & Insurance 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Salaries, Wages & Benefits 0 49,500 50,490 51,500 52,530 53,580 54,652 55,745 56,860 57,997 59,157
Engineering and Organizational Costs 75,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Office/Lab Supplies & Expenses 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Travel, Training & Miscellaneous 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Administrative & Operating Expenses 75,000 54,313 55,819 56,908 58,020 59,153 60,308 61,486 62,687 63,911 65,160
EBITDA (75,000) 108,251 116,281 119,406 122,615 125,907 129,286 132,754 136,313 139,965 143,714
Less:
Interest - Operating Line of Credit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Interest - Senior Debt 0 25,446 24,859 24,256 23,638 23,005 22,355 21,689 21,007 20,307 19,589
Interest - Working Capital 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Depreciation & Amortization 0 65,085 65,085 65,085 65,085 65,085 65,085 65,085 65,085 65,085 65,085
Pre-TaxIncome (75,000) 17,719 26,337 30,065 33,891 37,817 41,846 45,980 50,221 54,574 59,040
Current Income Taxes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Net Earnings (Loss) for the Year (75,000) 17,719 26,337 30,065 33,891 37,817 41,846 45,980 50,221 54,574 59,040
Pre-TaxReturn on Investment -4.8% 1.1% 1.7% 1.9% 2.2% 2.4% 2.7% 3.0% 3.2% 3.5% 3.8%
10-Year Average Annual Pre-TaxROI 2.6%
Appendix A - 5
Cityof Kotzebue - RDFBoiler
Proforma Statements of Cash Flows
Construction 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year 6th Year 7th Year 8th Year 9th Year 10th Year
(Year 0) Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations
Cash provided by(used in) 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Operating Activities
Net Earnings (loss) (75,000) 17,719 26,337 30,065 33,891 37,817 41,846 45,980 50,221 54,574 59,040
Non cash charges to operations
Depreciation & Amortization 0 65,085 65,085 65,085 65,085 65,085 65,085 65,085 65,085 65,085 65,085
Total cash provided by(used in) (75,000) 82,804 91,422 95,150 98,976 102,902 106,931 111,065 115,306 119,659 124,125
Changes in non-cash working capital balances
Accounts Receivable 0 1,034 162 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27
Inventories 0 0 1,054 21 22 22 22 23 23 24 24
Prepaid Expenses 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Accounts Payable 0 (8) (313) (6) (7) (7) (7) (7) (7) (7) (7)
Total changes in capital balances 0 1,026 903 39 39 40 41 42 43 43 44
Investing Activities
Land Purchase 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Fixed Asset Purchases 1,757,700 195,300 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Capitalized Fees & Interest 9,439 5,130 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Investing activities 1,767,139 200,430 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Financing Activities
Senior Debt Advances 815,589 210,961 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Repayment of Senior Debt 0 (23,295) (23,883) (24,485) (25,103) (25,737) (26,386) (27,052) (27,735) (28,435) (29,152)
Working Capital Advances 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Repayment of Subordinate Debt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
EquityInvestment 526,550 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Grants 500,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cash Sweep for Debt Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Distributions to Shareholders 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash 0 69,014 66,636 70,627 73,834 77,126 80,504 83,971 87,529 91,181 94,928
Cash (Indebtedness), Beginning of Year 0 0 69,014 135,650 206,276 280,110 357,236 437,739 521,710 609,239 700,420
Cash (Bank Indebtedness), End of Year 0 69,014 135,650 206,276 280,110 357,236 437,739 521,710 609,239 700,420 795,348
20-Year IRR 1.8%
Appendix A - 6
Cityof Kotzebue - RDFBoiler
Debt Coverage Ratio
1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year 6th Year 7th Year 8th Year 9th Year 10th Year
Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations
EBITDA 108,251 116,281 119,406 122,615 125,907 129,286 132,754 136,313 139,965 143,714
Taxes Paid 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Distributions to Shareholders 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Changes in non-cash working capital balances (1,026) (903) (39) (39) (40) (41) (42) (43) (43) (44)
Investing Activities (Capital Expenditures) (200,430) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Senior Debt Advances 210,961 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Working Capital Advances 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cash Available for Debt Service 117,755 115,377 119,368 122,575 125,867 129,245 132,712 136,270 139,922 143,670
Senior Debt P&I Payment 48,741 48,741 48,741 48,741 48,741 48,741 48,741 48,741 48,741 48,741
Suboridinate Debt P&I Payment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Debt Coverage Ratio (senior + subdebt) 2.42 2.37 2.45 2.51 2.58 2.65 2.72 2.80 2.87 2.95
10-year Average Debt Coverage Ratio 2.63
Note: the '1st Year Operations' consists of 0 months of construction and startup, plus 12 months of commercial operation
Depreciation Schedules
Depreciation 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year 6th Year 7th Year 8th Year 9th Year 10th Year
Method (note1)Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations
Major Process equipment 20 year SLN 37,247 37,247 37,247 37,247 37,247 37,247 37,247 37,247 37,247 37,247
Minor Process Equipment 20 year SLN 18,780 18,780 18,780 18,780 18,780 18,780 18,780 18,780 18,780 18,780
Aux.30 year SLN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Vehicles 10 year SLN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Building 30 year SLN 9,053 9,053 9,053 9,053 9,053 9,053 9,053 9,053 9,053 9,053
Office equipment 5 year SLN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Start-up cost 20 year SLN 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Annual capital expenditures (starting in year 2)10 year SLN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Depreciation 65,085 65,085 65,085 65,085 65,085 65,085 65,085 65,085 65,085 65,085
Note 1: Depreciation Method = DDB (Double Declining Balance) or SLN (Straight Line)
Appendix B - 0
APPENDIX B – LIFE CYCLE COST MODEL PROFORMA
MSW Gaifier Scenario Financial Projection
Appendix B - 1
Cityof Kotzebue - MSW Gasifier
Financial Assumptions
Nameplate Plant Scale 1.5 MMBtu
Operating Days Per Year 350
USEOFFUNDS: SOURCEOFFUNDS:Investment Activities
Project Engineering & Construction Costs Senior Debt Income TaxRate 0.00%
EPC Contract $2,584,000 Principal $3,697,575 75.00% Investment Interest 0.00%
Deliveryand Installation $624,000 Interest Rate 2.50% fixed Operating Line Interest 0.00%
Rail $0 Lender and Misc. Fees $0 0.000%
Barge Unloading $0 Placement Fees $0 0.000% State Producer Payment
Additional Feedstock Storage $0 Amortization Period 30 years Producer payment $0
Contingency $822,000 Cash Sweep 0.000% Env. Commodity$/kWh $0.000
Total Engineering and Construction Cost $4,030,000 Incentive duration, years 0
Subordinate Debt
Development and Start-up Costs Principal $0 0.00% Other Incentive Payments Expires
Inventory- Feedstock $0 Interest Rate 0.00% interest only Small Producer TaxCredit 0 n/a
Inventory- Chemicals $0 Lender Fees $0 0.000% ITC / PTC TaxCredit $0.00 n/a
Inventory- Spare Parts $0 Placement Fees $0 0.000%
Start-up Costs $100 Amortization Period 10 years Plant Operating Rate
Land $0
Site Development $437,000 EquityInvestment Month % Nameplate
Building & Office Equipment $351,000 Total EquityAmount $732,525 14.86% 13 50.0%
Insurance & Performance Bond $0 Placement Fees $0 0.000% 14 50.0%
Rolling Stock & Shop Equipment $0 Common Equity $732,525 100.000% 15 100.0%
Organizational Costs & Permits $112,000 Preferred Equity $0 0.000% 16 100.0%
Capitalized Interest & Financing Costs $0 17 100.0%
Working Capital/Risk Management $0 Grants 18 100.0%
Total Development Costs $900,100 Amount $500,000 10.14% 19 100.0%
20 100.0%
TOTAL USES $4,930,100 TOTAL SOURCES $4,930,100 21 100.0%
22 100.0%
Accounts Payable, Receivable & Inventories Receivable Payable Inventories 23 100.0%
(# Days) (# Days) (# Days) 24 100.0%
Finished Products 14 0
Chemicals 15 0
Feedstock 10 30
Utilities 15
Appendix B - 2
Cityof Kotzebue - MSW Gasifier
Production Assumptions
1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year 6th Year 7th Year 8th Year 9th Year 10th Year Annual
Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Escalation
Year: 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Feedstock Inputs
MSW Input (raw ton/year) 1,490 1,625 1,625 1,625 1,625 1,625 1,625 1,625 1,625 1,625
SecpondaryFeedstock Input (tons/yr) 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Feedstock Moisture Content (%) 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% 20.0%
Blended Feedstock LHV(btu/lb) 4,912 4,912 4,912 4,912 4,912 4,912 4,912 4,912 4,912 4,912
Total Feedstock Usage (ton/yr) 1,490 1,625 1,625 1,625 1,625 1,625 1,625 1,625 1,625 1,625
Feedstock Price / Tipping Fee ($/ton) $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 2.00%
Production Outputs
Avoided Disposal Cost
Avoided disposal Yield (tons/ton waste) 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90
Avoided Waste total (ton/year) 1,341 1,463 1,463 1,463 1,463 1,463 1,463 1,463 1,463 1,463
Cost of Disposal ($/ton) 102.00 104.04 106.12 108.24 110.41 112.62 114.87 117.17 119.51 121.90 2.00%
Heat & Power
Co-generation Efficiency(%) 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Heat Recovery(%) 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Total Raw Feedstock EnergyContent (MMBTU/yr) 14,634 15,964 15,964 15,964 15,964 15,964 15,964 15,964 15,964 15,964
ElectricityProduction (kWh/yr) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ElectricityAvailable for Sale (kWh/yr) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ElectricitySale Price ($/kWh) $0.000 $0.000 $0.000 $0.000 $0.000 $0.000 $0.000 $0.000 $0.000 $0.000 2.00%
Thermal EnergyProduction (MMBtu/yr) 11,188 12,205 12,205 12,205 12,205 12,205 12,205 12,205 12,205 12,205
Thermal EnergyAvailable for Sale (MMBtu/yr) 11,188 12,205 12,205 12,205 12,205 12,205 12,205 12,205 12,205 12,205
Thermal EnergySale Price ($/MMBtu) $39.4200 $40.4055 $41.4156 $42.4510 $43.5123 $44.6001 $45.7151 $46.8580 $48.0294 $49.2302 2.50%
UtilityUsage
Thermal EnergyRequired (BTU/raw ton feedstock) 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Thermal EnergyGenerated (BTU/raw ton) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Makeup EnergyNeeded (BTU/raw ton) 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Thermal EnergyPrice ($/MMBTU) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Annual Thermal EnergyUse (MMBTU/yr) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ElectricityRequired (kWh/raw ton feedstock) 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7
ElectricityGenerated (kWh/raw ton) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Makeup ElectricityNeeded (kWh/raw ton) 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7
ElectricityPrice ($/kWh) 0.2400 0.2448 0.2497 0.2547 0.2598 0.2650 0.2703 0.2757 0.2812 0.2868 2.00%
Annual ElectricityUse (kWh/year) 4,037 4,404 4,404 4,404 4,404 4,404 4,404 4,404 4,404 4,404
ElectricityDemand (MW) 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001
Number of Employees 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00
Average Salary $47,000 $47,940 $48,899 $49,877 $50,874 $51,892 $52,930 $53,988 $55,068 $56,169 2.00%
Maintenance Materials & Services (% of Capital Equipment Cost)1.500% 1.523% 1.545% 1.569% 1.592% 1.616% 1.640% 1.665% 1.690% 1.715% 1.50%
PropertyTax& Insurance (% of Depreciated Property, Plant & Equipment)0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 0.000% 3.00%
Inflation for all other Administrative Expense Categories 2.00%
Appendix B - 3
Cityof Kotzebue - MSW Gasifier
Proforma Balance Sheet
Construction 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year 6th Year 7th Year 8th Year 9th Year 10th Year
(Year 0) Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations
ASSETS 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Current Assets:
Cash & Cash Equivalents 0 123,658 359,766 608,122 867,683 1,138,739 1,421,589 1,716,538 2,023,899 2,343,992 2,677,148
Inventories
Feedstock 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Finished Product Inventory 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Spare Parts 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Inventories 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Prepaid Expenses 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Other Current Assets 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Current Assets 0 128,299 365,852 614,330 874,015 1,145,198 1,428,177 1,723,258 2,030,753 2,350,983 2,684,279
Land 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Property, Plant & Equipment
Property, Plant & Equipment, at cost 4,336,200 4,818,000 4,818,000 4,818,000 4,818,000 4,818,000 4,818,000 4,818,000 4,818,000 4,818,000 4,818,000
Less Accumulated Depreciation & Amortization 0 168,113 332,616 497,118 661,620 826,122 990,625 1,155,127 1,319,629 1,484,131 1,648,634
Net Property, Plant & Equipment 4,336,200 4,649,887 4,485,384 4,320,882 4,156,380 3,991,878 3,827,375 3,662,873 3,498,371 3,333,869 3,169,366
Capitalized Fees & Interest 23,358 36,111 32,500 28,889 25,278 21,667 18,055 14,444 10,833 7,222 3,611
Total Assets 4,359,558 4,814,296 4,883,737 4,964,101 5,055,672 5,158,742 5,273,608 5,400,575 5,539,957 5,692,074 5,857,256
LIABILITIES & EQUITIES
Current Liabilities:
Accounts Payable 0 44 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Notes Payable 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Current Maturities of Senior Debt (incl. sweeps) 0 86,024 88,195 90,421 92,702 95,042 97,440 99,899 102,420 105,005 0
Current Maturities of Working Capital 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Current Liabilities 0 86,068 88,241 90,468 92,750 95,091 97,490 99,950 102,472 105,058 54
Senior Debt (excluding current maturities) 3,225,116 3,527,644 3,439,449 3,349,029 3,256,327 3,161,285 3,063,845 2,963,946 2,861,526 2,756,521 2,756,521
Working Capital (excluding current maturities) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Deferred Income Taxes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Liabilities 3,225,116 3,613,712 3,527,691 3,439,497 3,349,077 3,256,376 3,161,335 3,063,896 2,963,998 2,861,579 2,756,575
Capital Units & Equities
Common Equity 732,525 732,525 732,525 732,525 732,525 732,525 732,525 732,525 732,525 732,525 732,525
Preferred Equity 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Grants 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000
Distribution to Shareholders 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Retained Earnings (98,083) (31,941) 123,521 292,079 474,071 669,842 879,748 1,104,155 1,343,434 1,597,970 1,868,156
Total Capital Shares & Equities 1,134,442 1,200,584 1,356,046 1,524,604 1,706,596 1,902,367 2,112,273 2,336,680 2,575,959 2,830,495 3,100,681
Total Liabilities & Equities 4,359,558 4,814,296 4,883,737 4,964,101 5,055,672 5,158,742 5,273,608 5,400,575 5,539,957 5,692,074 5,857,256
Appendix B - 4
Cityof Kotzebue - MSW Gasifier
Proforma Income Statement
Construction 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year 6th Year 7th Year 8th Year 9th Year 10th Year
(Year 0)Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Revenue
Avoided Disposal Cost 0 109,395 152,159 155,202 158,306 161,472 164,701 167,995 171,355 174,782 178,278
Heat 0 441,016 493,136 505,465 518,101 531,054 544,330 557,938 571,887 586,184 600,839
Power 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Environmental Commodities / Incentives 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Revenue 0 550,411 645,295 660,666 676,407 692,526 709,031 725,934 743,242 760,966 779,116
Production & Operating Expenses
Feedstocks 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chemicals 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Natural Gas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Electricity 0 969 1,078 1,100 1,122 1,144 1,167 1,190 1,214 1,238 1,263
Makeup Water 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wastewater Disposal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Direct Labor & Benefits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Production Costs 0 969 1,078 1,100 1,122 1,144 1,167 1,190 1,214 1,238 1,263
Gross Profit 0 549,442 644,217 659,567 675,285 691,381 707,864 724,743 742,028 759,728 777,853
Administrative & Operating Expenses
Maintenance Materials & Services 0 35,530 39,341 39,932 40,530 41,138 41,756 42,382 43,018 43,663 44,318
Repairs & Maintenance - Wages & Benefits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Consulting, Management and Bank Fees 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PropertyTaxes & Insurance 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Salaries, Wages & Benefits 23,083 188,000 191,760 195,595 199,507 203,497 207,567 211,719 215,953 220,272 224,677
Engineering and Organizational Costs 75,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Office/Lab Supplies & Expenses 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Travel, Training & Miscellaneous 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Administrative & Operating Expenses 98,083 223,530 231,101 235,527 240,038 244,636 249,323 254,100 258,970 263,935 268,995
EBITDA (98,083) 325,912 413,115 424,040 435,248 446,746 458,542 470,643 483,057 495,793 508,858
Less:
Interest - Operating Line of Credit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Interest - Senior Debt 0 91,657 89,539 87,369 85,143 82,861 80,522 78,123 75,664 73,143 70,559
Interest - Working Capital 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Depreciation & Amortization 0 168,113 168,113 168,113 168,113 168,113 168,113 168,113 168,113 168,113 168,113
Pre-TaxIncome (98,083) 66,142 155,462 168,558 181,991 195,771 209,907 224,406 239,280 254,536 270,186
Current Income Taxes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Net Earnings (Loss) for the Year (98,083) 66,142 155,462 168,558 181,991 195,771 209,907 224,406 239,280 254,536 270,186
Pre-TaxReturn on Investment -2.2% 1.5% 3.5% 3.8% 4.1% 4.4% 4.7% 5.1% 5.4% 5.7% 6.1%
10-Year Average Annual Pre-TaxROI 4.4%
Appendix B - 5
Cityof Kotzebue - MSW Gasifier
Proforma Statements of Cash Flows
Construction 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year 6th Year 7th Year 8th Year 9th Year 10th Year
(Year 0) Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations
Cash provided by(used in) 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Operating Activities
Net Earnings (loss) (98,083) 66,142 155,462 168,558 181,991 195,771 209,907 224,406 239,280 254,536 270,186
Non cash charges to operations
Depreciation & Amortization 0 168,113 168,113 168,113 168,113 168,113 168,113 168,113 168,113 168,113 168,113
Total cash provided by(used in) (98,083) 234,255 323,576 336,671 350,105 363,885 378,020 392,520 407,393 422,650 438,299
Changes in non-cash working capital balances
Accounts Receivable 0 4,641 1,445 122 124 127 129 132 134 137 140
Inventories 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Prepaid Expenses 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Accounts Payable 0 (44) (2) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Total changes in capital balances 0 4,597 1,443 121 123 126 128 131 133 136 139
Investing Activities
Land Purchase 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Fixed Asset Purchases 4,336,200 481,800 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Capitalized Fees & Interest 23,358 12,753 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Investing activities 4,359,558 494,553 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Financing Activities
Senior Debt Advances 3,225,116 472,459 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Repayment of Senior Debt 0 (83,907) (86,024) (88,195) (90,421) (92,702) (95,042) (97,440) (99,899) (102,420) (105,005)
Working Capital Advances 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Repayment of Subordinate Debt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
EquityInvestment 732,525 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Grants 500,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cash Sweep for Debt Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Distributions to Shareholders 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash 0 123,658 236,109 248,356 259,561 271,057 282,850 294,949 307,361 320,094 333,156
Cash (Indebtedness), Beginning of Year 0 0 123,658 359,766 608,122 867,683 1,138,739 1,421,589 1,716,538 2,023,899 2,343,992
Cash (Bank Indebtedness), End of Year 0 123,658 359,766 608,122 867,683 1,138,739 1,421,589 1,716,538 2,023,899 2,343,992 2,677,148
20-Year IRR 3.3%
Appendix B - 6
Cityof Kotzebue - MSW Gasifier
Debt Coverage Ratio
1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year 6th Year 7th Year 8th Year 9th Year 10th Year
Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations
EBITDA 325,912 413,115 424,040 435,248 446,746 458,542 470,643 483,057 495,793 508,858
Taxes Paid 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Distributions to Shareholders 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Changes in non-cash working capital balances (4,597) (1,443) (121) (123) (126) (128) (131) (133) (136) (139)
Investing Activities (Capital Expenditures) (494,553) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Senior Debt Advances 472,459 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Working Capital Advances 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cash Available for Debt Service 299,221 411,672 423,919 435,124 446,620 458,413 470,512 482,924 495,657 508,719
Senior Debt P&I Payment 175,563 175,563 175,563 175,563 175,563 175,563 175,563 175,563 175,563 175,563
Suboridinate Debt P&I Payment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Debt Coverage Ratio (senior + subdebt) 1.70 2.34 2.41 2.48 2.54 2.61 2.68 2.75 2.82 2.90
10-year Average Debt Coverage Ratio 2.52
Note: the '1st Year Operations' consists of 0 months of construction and startup, plus 12 months of commercial operation
Depreciation Schedules
Depreciation 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year 6th Year 7th Year 8th Year 9th Year 10th Year
Method (note1)Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations
Major Process equipment 20 year SLN 106,315 106,315 106,315 106,315 106,315 106,315 106,315 106,315 106,315 106,315
Minor Process Equipment 20 year SLN 53,604 53,604 53,604 53,604 53,604 53,604 53,604 53,604 53,604 53,604
Aux.30 year SLN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Vehicles 10 year SLN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Building 30 year SLN 8,190 8,190 8,190 8,190 8,190 8,190 8,190 8,190 8,190 8,190
Office equipment 5 year SLN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Start-up cost 20 year SLN 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Annual capital expenditures (starting in year 2)10 year SLN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Depreciation 168,113 168,113 168,113 168,113 168,113 168,113 168,113 168,113 168,113 168,113
Note 1: Depreciation Method = DDB (Double Declining Balance) or SLN (Straight Line)