HomeMy WebLinkAboutAppendix 2 - TA 335-8June 23, 2011
Subject: Tariff Advice Letter 335-8
Regulatory Commission of Alaska
701 West Eighth Avenue, Suite 300
Anchorage, Alaska 99501-3469
Dear Commissioners:
I C IIUC
POWENNG ALASKA`$ FUTURE
ELECTRCNICALLYFLLED IVITHRCA
RECEIVED
By the Regulatory Commission of Alaska on Jun 23, 2011
TA335-8
Chugach Electric Association, Inc. ("Chugach") hereby submits the following tariff filing that
includes a new power purchase agreement in compliance with the Alaska Public Utilities
Regulatory Act and 3 AAC 48.200 — 3 AAC 48.430.
TARIFF SHEET NUMMER
CANCELS SHEET NUMBER
SCHEDULE OR
ORIGINAL
REVISED
ORIGINAL
REVISED
RULE NUMBER
94.05
1 e Revision
94.05
9" Revision
Fuel & Purchased
95.05
10a' Revision
95.05
9`h Revision
Power Adjustment
95.5
36" Revision
95.5
3P Revision
Factors
APPROVALS REQUESTED
Pursuant to 3 AAC 52.470(e), Chugach requests Commission approval of a new power purchase
agreement between Chugach and Fire Island Wind, LLC ("FIW"j, a special purpose entity
wholly -owned by Cook Inlet Region, Inc. ("CIRI"), dated June 21, 2011 ("FIW-Chugach PPA"
or "PPA"), attached hereto as Appendix A, the terms of which are summarized in Appendix B.
In compliance with 3 AAC 52.504(c), Chugach also requests authorization from the Commission
to recover the costs of all energy purchases under the PPA through its retail Quarterly Fuel and
Purchased Power Adjustment factor at the time the project becomes commercially operational,
which is currently expected to occur before January 1, 2013.
Proposed Tariff Sheets 94.05, 95.05 and 95.5 are attached hereto as Appendix C.
Pursuant to the Commission's regulations (3 AAC 48.270-.300) and on behalf of FIW, Chugach
respectfully requests a Commission ruling no later than September 15, 2011, and provides the
demonstration of good cause in the section Request for Expedited Consideration below. In short,
FIW needs to start construction of the Fire Island Wind Project ("Project") by October 2011 to
qualify for federal ($18.7 million) and state grants ($25 million) that are critical to the
Chugach Electric Association, Inc.
5601 Electron Drive, PO Box 19630Q Anchorage, Alaska 99519.6300 • (907) 563-7494 Fox 1007 J 562-0027 • (800) 478-7494
www.chtgochelectric coin • info@chtgachelectric.com
Commissioners June 23, 2011
Tariff Advice No. 334 Page 2 of 24
development and cost of the Project. The effectiveness of the PPA, however, is conditioned
upon Commission approval. On June 15, 2011, the Chugach Board of Directors approved a
motion authorizing Chugach management to execute the PPA. Given the need for relatively
prompt approval, Chugach is interested in actively working with the Commission to set a
schedule for this matter and otherwise assist the Commission as necessary to accommodate
Chugach's request for prompt approval.
As described below, the PPA diversifies Chugach's generation resources to meet the load
requirements for existing and future retail services. The PPA does not conflict with any other
schedule or rate and does not adversely affect customers on the system. Energy purchases from
the Project will impact approximately 81,000 retail metered locations within Chugach's service
area. Energy purchases under the PPA will not impact the wholesale power rates of Homer
Electric Association, Inc., Matanuska Electric Association, Inc. or Seward Electric System..
The initial impact of the PPA on Chugach retail bill levels is expected to be an increase of 1.7
percent, 2.0 percent, and 2.2 percent on a typical residential, small general and large general
service customer bill, respectively. Appendix D contains projected annual customer bill impacts
for each major Chugach retail rate class over the 25-year contractual period of the PPA.
BACKGROUND
Chugach currently depends on natural gas to produce about 90 percent of the power needed to
serve its retail and wholesale member -customers, with the remaining requirements met through
hydroelectric generation. At present, Chugach uses 24 Bcf of natural gas per year in its power
stations. All gas that Chugach purchases for its fuel requirements is sourced from Cook Inlet gas
fields.l
In December 2009, the State of Alaska, Department of Natural resources ("ADNR % Division
of Oil and Gas and Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys released a report entitled
"Preliminary Engineering and Geological Evaluation of Remaining Cook Inlet Gas Reserves"
("ADNR Gas Reserves Report").The technical report documents the extent of the gas
production decline in Cook Inlet as well as price and investment needed to meet regional gas
` For more than twenty years, Chugach has obtained its gas requirements under a series of long-term gas contracts.
The volumes available under these existing long-term contracts ran out in 2011. Chugach spent a significant amount
of time and effort working to obtain replacement gas supplies for the period from 2011 through 2014, including the
Base Contract for Sale and Purchase of Natural Gas, dated May 12, 2009 ("Chugach -COP Gas Contract"), which the
Commission approved in Letter Order #L0900456 and the Base Contract for Sale and Purchase of Natural Gas,
dated March 31, 2010 ("Chugach -MAP Gas Contract"), which the Commission approved in Letter Order
#LO1000175.
z Hartz, Jack D., et al., State of Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division of Oil and Gas and Division of
Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Preliminary Engineering and Geological Evaluation of Remaining Cook Inlet
Gas Reserves (Decker, Paul L., ed. December 2009).
Commissioners June 23, 2011
Tariff Advice No. 334 Page 3 of 24
needs. In his cover memorandum to the ADNR Gas Reserves Report, Kevin Banks, ADNR
Director, summed up the findings and stated the situation facing Alaska's consumers:
Consumers relying upon Cook Inlet natural gas to meet their energy needs should
know that while there is no need to panic, there is also no time to waste.
Although it is apparent that sufficient reserves remain to provide for Railbelt
needs for the coming decade or more, the cost of providing energy to these same
consumers is likely to rise. The low -hanging fuit in the Cook Inlet has largely
beer. picked and as such one thing seems clear — the basin is not running out of
gas but it could well be running out of cheap gas.3
In view of this, Chugach has recognized the need to continue diversifying its electric power
supply options to help mitigate reliance on natural gas. The construction of the Southcentral
Power Project will provide significant fuel savings through improvements in overall efficiency.
In the long -run, however, Chugach has a goal to increase the proportion of its power supply
provided by renewable energy resources, such as hydroelectric, wind, geothermal and biomass
generation resources. Indeed, Chugach has outlined the 90/10 to 10/90 vision to reverse the
utility's current resource mix of 90 percent fossil fuel and 10 percent renewable energy. See
Chugach Board of Directors Resolution In Support of Alternative Energy in Alaska, February 2,
2010, attached hereto as Appendix E.
In 2010, the Alaska State Legislature enacted House Bill 306 declaring its intent that the State
obtain 50 percent of its electric generation from renewable and alternative energy sources by
2025. Within this policy, the Legislature recognized that the worldwide supply and demand for
fossil fuels and concerns about global climate change will affect the price of fossil fuels
consumed by Alaskans. The Legislature also recognized that the state's economic prosperity is
dependent on available, reliable and affordable energy. Accordingly, the Act encouraged the
development of renewable and alternative energy resources, including wind.4
The FIW Project represents an additional small, but significant step towards diversifying
Chugach's generation portfolio away from its dependence on natural gas fired generation. The
FIW Project will be the first of a kind project in Alaska: utility scale, intermittent wind resource
project interconnected and integrated into the Railbelt transmission and generation system. This
first step, however, is not a rash, unconsidered decision- Chugach began investigating wind
generation opportunities in Alaska in 1998. Based on wind resource studies, Chugach identified
Fire Island as the best overall site based on wind characteristics, location, and the ability to
connect and transmit the energy into the Chugach system. Chugach received a $750,000 Denali
Commission grant, with a performance period from January 2004 through June 2006, that paid
3 Memorandum entitled "Cook Inlet Gas Reserves Study" from Kevin Banks, Director, State of Alaska Department
of Natural Resources, Division of Oil and Gas, Department of Natural Resources to Tom Irwin, Commissioner,
State of Alaska Department of Natural Resources (December 21, 2009), at 2.
4 AS 44.99.115(2)(A).
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June 23, 2011
Page 4 of 24
for major studies at the Project, including meteorological, environmental studies (avian, view -
shed, noise, and archeological), interconnection, civil infrastructure, wind turbine construction
and O&M, and cost analyses. In 2004, Chugach, Anchorage Municipal Light & Power and
Golden Valley Electric Association, Inc. signed an MOU to jointly work on a wind project at
Fire Island.
Due to the need to focus its efforts on developing new baseload generation (which ultimately
became the Southcentral Power Plant), however, Chugach decided against developing the project
itself in 2007 and recommended that CIRI take over the development of wind generation on Fire
Island. CHU, the landowner of Fire Island, and EnXCo, an experienced wind developer, then
took over development of the wind generation project on Fire Island, and ultimately CIRI
replaced EnXCo with Summit Power Group ("Summit"), another experienced wind developer.
In 2008, the Alaska Legislature appropriated $25 million as a grant to help pay for the
transmission line interconnection between a wind project on Fire Island and Chugach's
transmission system near Anchorage International Airport.
In 2010, CIRI proposed a 52.8 MW wind project on Fire Island, commissioned an
interconnection study with Chugach, and began commercial discussions with Chugach and the
other Railbelt utilities. With help from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Hawaii
Electric Company (HECO), the largest Hawaiian utility with experience in integrating wind into
an islanded utility system, and other experts, Chugach led an integration discussion to ascertain
the feasibility and cost of using Chugach's generation resources to integrate the output of the
whole 52.8 MW wind project- Chugach concluded that based on its limited hydroelectric
generation resources and operational limitations on its fleet of gas generation, Chugach could not
integrate the entire project by itself in a cost effective manner and that each utility purchasing the
output of the wind project would have to integrate its share. Thereafter, CIRI was unable to gain
commitments from utilities for the total energy output of the 52.8 MW wind project.
Chugach proposed to buy the output of a smaller scale project that was sized in a manner that
Chugach alone could purchase and integrate the wind energy using its existing and planned
resources. In response, CIRI then developed the present 17.6 MW FIW Project, which is
described in Exhibit A to the PPA (attached hereto as Appendix A). After about four months of
negotiation, the focused effort between Chugach and CIRI resulted in the PPA, as described
below.
While Chugach has been investigating wind as an alternative generation resource for twelve
years, the timing of Chugach's decision to proceed with the PPA at this time (and the need for
expedited Commission approval) is driven by a federal grant that will not be available to the
development of the Project if construction does not start in 2011. Specifically, $18.7 million
from a federal grant from the US Treasury under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
of 2009 will significantly reduce the cost (and most importantly to Chugach and its customers --
5 Sec. 13, Chp. 29 SLA 2008.
Commissioners June 23, 2011
Tariff Advice No. 334 Page 5 of 24
the price) of power from the FIW Project and unlock an additional $25 million grant from the
State of Alaska to build the transmission line. Without these grants, Chugach would not likely
be buying the output of the FIW Project at this or at any time in the near future.
RECOVERY OF WIND GENERATION POWER COSTS
Alaska Administrative Code 3AAC 52.502(a) permits utilities to add cost elements for recovery
through the Quarterly Fuel and Purchased Power Adjustment factor mechanism outside a general
rate case process provided: 1) the cost element is subject to change at a rate that would cause
financial harm to the utility if the costs were recovered exclusively in base rates; 2) these costs
are beyond the control of the utility; and 3) these costs are easily verifiable.
The surcharge process incorporates a balancing account that allows for the precise recovery of
the cost incurred, no more or no less. With this filing, Chugach requests Commission approval
to have all purchased power costs incurred under the FIW PPA recovered through the surcharge
process. Chugach will record the transaction as a purchased power expense in the same month
that wind energy is purchased and, in this manner, the purchased power expense will be treated
as a direct cost recovered through the surcharge process with no attendant impact on margins. If
these costs were not recovered through the surcharge process, the changes in cost and the
corresponding delay, even under the Simplified Rate Filing ("SRF") process, could have a direct
negative impact on current year operating margins. The extent of the impact would depend on
the amount of wind energy purchased during any given period.
Under Chugach's semi-annual SRF process which utilizes a June and December test year,
Chugach is only able to recover about 20 percent of the incremental costs that are incurred
between January and June in the current year due the normal lag in adjusting rates to recover
costs. The remaining non -recovered balance reduces current year margins. For costs incurred
between July and December, no costs are recovered in the current year and margins would be
impacted on a dollar -for -dollar basis. The changes in costs will be recognized in the following
period through subsequent SRF filings. However, current year margins and achieved Times
Interest Earned Ratio (TIER) will be positively or negatively impacted and there will be a
mismatch in corresponding cost incurrence and recovery.
Chugach system production, transmission and distribution margins total about $6 million per
year. Chugach's current authorized TIER for production -related activity is 1.10, which provides
about $0.7 million of margins associated with the production function. This is based on
Chugach's December 2010 test year Simplified Rate Filing that was filed in March 2011.
The expected variability of wind generation on a purchased power cost basis could total upwards
of $0.5 million annually, which represents about 70 percent of authorized production margins.
Failure to recognize these costs through the surcharge process will have a direct adverse impact
on margin levels due to both the variability and delay between when the cost is incurred and
when the cost element is recovered in electric rates.
Commissioners June 23, 2011
Tariff Advice No. 334 Page 6 of 24
While the contract price of wind power is established on a MWh basis (at fixed price per MWh
throughout the term of the PPA), the actual monthly total cost will vary based on the output of
the wind turbines, which is primarily a function of the wind resource in that month. Accordingly,
the actual monthly total cost is not within Chugach's control.
Total monthly purchases made under the PPA are easily verified and supporting invoices
validating the expenditures will be included with each quarterly surcharge filing. At the time this
expenditure is actually expensed on Chugach's accounting system, Chugach will provide the
final billed cost with its quarterly filing.
At this time, Chugach is proposing that both the energy and corresponding purchased power
costs under the PPA be associated with Chugach retail customer load requirements only. The
costs and corresponding energy purchases will not be included in the determination of the
electric rates of Homer Electric Association, Inc., Matanuska Electric Association, Inc. and
Seward Electric System. In addition, Pursuant to Docket U-99-106(12), Chugach will make the
necessary modifications to the G&T loss factor calculation to ensure impacts on system losses
continue to be properly quantified.
Chugach has included Fire Island Wind as a purchased power expense on the enclosed Tariff
Sheet Nos. 94.05, 95.05 and 95.5 contained in Appendix C.
Pursuant to 3 AAC 52.470(e), the balance of this letter provides the Commission with:
(1) A review of Chugach's current load forecast and electric supply situation;
(2) A description of the key features of the FIW-Chugach PPA; and
(3) A review of Chugach's other electric supply options.
CHUGACH'S ELECTRIC SUPPLY SITUATION
Consideration of the FIW-Chugach PPA starts with an identification of Chugach's present and
forecasted electric power requirements. Chart 1 shows Chugach's electric load requirements
necessary to meet its customers' needs from 2011 through 2032. It also shows that Chugach's
electric load requirements will decrease in 2014 and 2015 due to expiration of its commitments
to serve two wholesale customers: Homer Electric Association, Inc. on January 1, 2014 and
Matanuska Electric Association, Inc. on December 31, 2014. (Note that the data supporting
Chart 1 and most of the other charts in the letter are presented in tables in Appendix F.)
Commissioners
Tariff Advice No. 334
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Chart 1— Electric Load Forecast
Retail a SES R iEA :. HEA 68T Losses
p� N pM ep 1A tpp0
N N W N N N N N N PI PI l�l N N N LY N N
Source: Chugach 2011 Long -Term Load Forecast
While Chugach's total electric load is expected to increase only modestly (<1 percent per year),
the generation resources that Chugach will use to meet such load requirements will change
significantly in the future. Chart 2 shows Chugach's existing and planned generation resources
by type of generation without the FIW Project. As mentioned above, Chugach is dependent on
natural gas generation. After the Southcentral Power Plant ("SPP") is completed in 2013,
Chugach will rely on SPP and its gas -fired generation plants, all of which are dependent on
increasingly costly Cook Inlet gas supplies (with attendant price and volatility risk) and its
hydroelectric plants.
Commissioners June 23, 2011
Tariff Advice No. 334 Page 8 of 24
Chart 2 — Generation Resources by Type
aExistlngThennalUnits-Gas aSouthosntralPower Project- Gas 9Exisl•ngHydro
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
0 V a m P. O w O r ep * b m 1 W O r N q 1p tr
e- r r r r r r N N a N N N N N N a ' i 0 to a
O O O O p O O O O O O O O O A
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
Source: Chugach, June 2011
Chart 2 demonstrates that Chugach is dependent on gas -fired generation. While the new SPP
will help Chugach's situation by being a much more efficient gas -fired resource, it will not fully
mitigate the increasingly constrained gas supply and deliverability situation in Southcentral
Alaska. As a result of the gas situation, gas storage is currently being developed and other
supply and deliverability options, such as imported liquefied natural gas (LNG), are being
evaluated to offset the decline of the Cook Inlet gas basin.
In addition to the decline in low cost gas supplies and increasing deliverability issues, Cook Inlet
gas prices are expected to rise. The Alaska Energy Authority's 2010 Railbelt Integrated
Resource Plan (RIRP) gas price projection was developed by Black & Veatch using Monte Carlo
simulation that considered a variety of supply side possibilities that could be supported
quantitatively with the necessary degree of mathematical precision. The purpose of the model
was to run and consider "what if' types of scenarios to provide information about the aggregate
supplies of gas in a specified year. The main gas sources included production from the Cook
Inlet basin, importation of LNG from outside Alaska, and delivery of gas from the Alaska North
Slope to the Railbelt by means of an in -state pipeline. The primary supply side assumptions for
the expected (or base case) RIRP gas price projections were:
Commissioners
Tariff Advice No. 334
June 23, 2011
Page 9 of 24
Expanded Cook Inlet production, beginning in 2012, matches demand but with decline
toward a supply -demand deficit beginning in 2017 and with end of production as of 2039
• LNG imports begin in 2013, and ramped -up to annualized equivalent of 41 MMcf/d,
before ending in 2018 (when the in -state pipeline appeared)
In -state pipeline begins in 2018, with ramp -up to maximum capacity of 350 MMcf/d by
2022. and continued operation thereafter.'
The impacts of the above assumptions are shown in the RIRP gas price projections in Chart 3
below. In the past 18 months since the RIRP was released, Chugach and others have been
assessing resource and supply alternatives to meet natural gas requirements. Through this
piocess, Chugach has gained a better understanding of the cost of the alternatives, including the
importation of LNG. Based on that new information, Chugach has adjusted the RIRP gas price
projections upward as shown in Chart 3. This adjustment represents a reasonable assumption of
long-term natural gas prices that may be observed in Cook Inlet.
$20
$18
$16
$14
$12
$10
$8
$6
$2
$0
Chart 3 — Gas Price Projections From RIRP
—Chugach-adjusted RIRP Gas Price Projection
—RIRP Gas Price Projection
V. a ti m W O r N M a a fO Ir N Q► M
W. r r r r r N N N NpN N Np pN N N cr p p p
a a a a 8 a a a N N a N N a N a a N a N a N N a
Source: RIRP, February 2010
6 RIRP, at p. 7-7 (Included in Appendix G at page 19 of 60).
Commissioners June 23, 2011
Tariff Advice No. 334 Page 10 of 24
Chart 4 shows Chugach's existing and planned generation resource mix by type of generation
with the addition of Chugach-FIW PPA. Energy purchased under the FIW-Chugach PPA will
provide 48,000 MWh of electric energy -- about 4 percent of Chugach's total electric energy
needs. When combined with hydroelectric generation, about 20 percent of Chugach's generation
needs will be met with wind and hydro until Chugach adds additional renewable resources.
Chart 4 — Generation Resources by Type — With FIW PPA
■ Existing Thermal Units -Gas Southoentral Power Project- Gas a Existing Hydro — Fire Island Wind
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
90%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
� r � � tti N N N NON
N N M M M M
O O O O O O o O O O O O NO N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N iV N N N O
Source: Chugach, June 2011
The FIW Project is the first viable opportunity for Chugach to integrate'a utility -scale, non -
hydro, non -thermal resource into its power supply portfolio that will provide a small, but
meaningful reduction in the natural gas consumed to generate electricity. In fact, Chugach
estimates that the FIW Project will replace approximately 48,000 MWh of gas -fired generation
per year, which equates to 300,000 Mcf per year. Using the gas price projections in Chart 3,
Chart 5 shows the value of the fuel savings — or volume of gas that can be saved by Chugach for
use at other times.
Commissioners June 23, 2011
Tariff Advice No. 334 Page 11 of 24
$7.0
$6.0
Chart 5 — Annual Fuel Savings Doe to FIW Project Energy
N N N N N V t"tl N tV N tV �V N � N N N N N N N N N N N
Source: Chugach, June 2011
In addition to the avoided fuel cost, the FIW Project decreases Chuach's carbon emissions.
While decreasing carbon emissions has intrinsic and social value, it also has a benefit that could
be measured in terms of a carbon tax. Chart 6 shows a forecast of carbon dioxide price
published by Synapse Energy Economics, Inc. The steeply increasing values reflect the
assumption that over time carbon dioxide will become regulated in the United States during the
next 25 years. (Of course, Chugach has no knowledge of the future, so it has used a middle case
scenario published by a reputable study as a reasonable assumption for its analysis.) Chart 7
shows the value of the avoided carbon dioxide based on the assumed prices of carbon dioxide
(set forth in Chart 6) and the fact that the FIW Project will enable Chugach to avoid emitting
21,607 tons of carbon dioxide per year (based on assumed FIW energy deliveries and Chugach's
assumed gas usage to create the same amount of energy from its gas generation resources).
Commissioners
Tariff Advice No. 334
Chart 6 — Carbon Dioxide Price Forecast
SIGs
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$1O
pM Y byp ,T�S, p~o �po p�o [ppV spy Np pN eN pN N N N N (� M M eN) � bM 1pAq
Source: Synapse Energy Economics, 2011 Carbon Dioxide Price Forecast, February 11, 2011
0
r
r
Chart 7 — Value of Avoided Carbon Dioxide Emissions
$2 5
S"
51.5
$0.5
� tN`�I N N tV N
Source: Chugach, June 2011 (using Chart 6 data and Chugach's calculation of avoided gas consumption).
Commissioners June 23, 2011
Tariff Advice No. 334 Pane 13 of 24
KEY FEATURES OF THE FIW - CHUGACH PPA
The most significant provisions of the FIW-Chugach PPA can be summarized as follows:
1. Form of Agreement and Counterparty
In order to acquire the output of the Fire Island Wind Project, Chugach has negotiated a
renewable energy power purchase agreement with a nonregulated vendor, Fire Island Wind,
LLC, the special purpose entity formed by CIRI to develop the wind project and sell the energy
output 7 While CM1 is definitely the primary party -in -interest behind the FIW Project, CHU
anticipates project financing for the FIW Project, rather than balance sheet financing.
Accordingly, the use of the special purpose entity — as CIRI has proposed — is required for
project financing and is typical for wind and other renewable projects.
Because the FIW-Chugach PPA is a first of its kind utility -scale wind generation off -take
contract in Alaska, Chugach and CIRI both retained legal counsel experienced in negotiating
power purchase agreements for intermittent renewable generation projects.
2. Overview of FIW Project
A key issue in the development of the FIW Project and marketing the energy output was finding
purchasers who could take delivery of intermittent power without sacrificing system operating
efficiency. While CIRI originally envisioned and planned a 52.8 MW project, it was eventually
down -sized to the currently planned 17.6 MW because this is a size that Chugach can electrically
manage and integrate into its existing system and no other Railbelt utilities were willing to
commit to purchase and integrate FIW Project output.
7 In 2010, the Legislature amended AS 42.05.711 by adding a new subsection to read:
(q) A plant or facility that generates electricity entirely from renewable energy resources, as that term is
defined in AS 42.45.045, is exempt from regulation under this chapter if
(1) the plant or facility
(A) is first placed into commercial operation on or after the effective date of this subsection and before
January 1, 2016; and
(B) does not generate more than 65 megawatts of electricity;
(2) the electricity generated by the plant or facility is sold only to one or more electric utilities that are
regulated by the commission; and
(3) the person that constructs, owns, acquires, or operates the plant or facility has not received from the
state
(A) a grant that was used to generate the electricity from the rerewable energy resources; or
(B) a tax credit related to the generation of electricity from the renewable energy resources.
Accordingly, Chugach submits this Agreement to the Commission under subsection (e) of 3 AAC 52.470 as a
contract with a nonregulated vendor.
Commissioners June 23, 2011
Tariff Advice No. 334 Page 14 of 24
As set forth in greater detail in Exhibit A of the PPA (Appendix A hereto), the FIW Project will
consist of:
a. eleven (11) General Electric 1.6xle wind turbine generators (or a comparable successor
model), with a total nameplate output capability of 17.6 MW to be built on real property
leased by CIRI to F1W on the southern part of Fire Island, Alaska;
b. the Project turbines shall include the following GE -provided packages: (a) Cold Weather
Extreme; (b) Seismic towers (c) Inertia Control; (d) WindCONTROL; (e) WindRide-
THRU; (f) Voltage Control; and (g) Ramp rate control; and
c. associated facilities, including roads, crane pads, foundations, meteorological towers,
transformers, feeder lines, communications cables, collection lines, interconnection
facilities, and an O&M Building.
The Project shall be interconnected with Chugach's transmission system at the high side of the
Project collector 34.5 kV bus at a new substation to be built by FIW (to Chugach's
specifications) on Fire Island, Alaska= FIW shall request, and Chugach shall seek to provide,
station service for FIW at Project Site.
3. Development and Operation of the Project
As detailed in Article 4 of the PPA, unlike utility -owned and developed projects like SPP, the
non -utility developer (FIW) bears all risk associated with development of the FIW Project= FIW
is required to site, develop, obtain permits, finance, and construct the Project without any
recourse to Chugach for cost overruns or delays. Indeed, FIW guarantees the Project will reach
commercial operation (as such term is defined in the PPA) by December 31, 2012. The Project
commercial operation date will be achieved when at least nine (9) of the Project turbines have
achieved "commercial operation" (according to the definitions and process set forth in the PPA);
if not placed in service by such date, the FIW shall have the right to place the remaining two (2)
Project turbines into service prior to October 1, 2013.
As set forth in Article 2, certain conditions precedent control the effectiveness of the PPA:
1. Approval without material condition by Regulatory Commission of Alaska by not
later than September 15, 2011;
2. FIW determines that it is likely to receive ARRA section 1603 cash grant in lieu of
ITC (approximately $18.7 million); and
3. FIW shall obtain a commitment from a Lender (which is reasonably acceptable) to
finance the Project under the terms contained herein.
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4. Product/Quantity/Production Guaranty
Under Section 5.1, FIW is committed to sell, and Chugach is committed to buy, the full Project
output, which is expected to be 48,565 MWh per year based on CIRI's preliminary wind
assessment at a P50 production level.8 The Project output will be updated in accordance with the
final wind assessment prior to Project Commercial Operation Date. If the full Project output at a
P50 production level is expected to vary by 5 percent or more, the Parties shall meet and confer.
The PPA Contract Price includes capacity credits (if any) and the environmental attributes,
including Renewable Energy Credits ("RECs")9 or Green House Gas reduction benefits (such as
carbon credits) (collectively "Green Attributes"), for each unit of energy produced by the Project
and sold to Chugach, except that FIW will retain Green Attributes associated with the Project
that solely relate to renewable energy projects sited on native lands, unless the retention of such
Green Attributes would result in an inability to transfer at least 1 Green Attribute per MWh of
energy delivered to Chugach under the PPA.
Renewable energy credits or "green tags" are earned at the rate of one green tag per 1 MWh of
renewable energy produced. Thus, Chugach will receive an estimated 48,565 green tags per year
that will be available to (1) retain for the benefit of its members, (2) sell to willing customers
through a Green Power Program or sales in the green tag market, or (3) use to meet legal
requirements in the event that Alaska or federal law implements a Renewable Portfolio Standard
("RPS"). FIW shall at its expense take all commercially reasonable steps necessary to ensure
that the Project's output qualifies as a renewable resource under such RPS.
Pursuant to Section 5.13, FIW guarantees that it will deliver 150 percent of the P50 annual
expected output over any consecutive 24-month period, which shall be adjusted to account for
curtailment and force majeure events as further defined in the PPA. If F1W fails to produce
sufficient energy to meet the production guaranty, FIW will have one year to address the
problem or face default, contract termination, and the obligation to pay damages to Chugach.
8 P50 is an energy yield prediction in which the probability of reaching a higher or lower annual energy production
is 50:50.
9 When a renewable energy facility operates, it creates electricity and attributes that is delivered to a series of
buyers. The renewable electricity generation has two separable parts: the electrical energy produced by generator
and the renewable "attributes" of that generation, which include the tons of greenhouse gas that were avoided by
generating electricity from renewable resources instead of conventional fuels. These renewable attributes are sold
separately as renewable energy certificates (RECs). One REC is issued for each megawatt -hour (MWh) unit of
renewable electricity produced. The electricity that was split from the REC is no longer considered "renewable" and
is cannot be counted as renewable or zero -emissions by whoever buys it.
Commissioners June 23, 2011
Tariff Advice No. 334 Page 16 of 24
5. Price and Term
Throughout the term of the PPA, Chugach shall pay a fixed price $107.85 per MWh of Product
(including Test and Excess Power) during the Term, which includes all Project operations and
maintenance (O&M) and system integration. As detailed below, FIW shall pay a System
Integration Charge equal to $10.85 per MWh to Chugach as Transmission Owner pursuant to an
Interconnection and Integration Agreement that will be negotiated in the next few months.
Accordingly, the net price to Chugach is fixed at $97.00 per MWh for the energy, capacity
credits (if any) and Green Attributes for 25 years.
As with most energy purchase contracts, the most contentiously negotiated term in the FIW-
Chugach PPA was the price that Chugach will pay for the energy output (and associated credits).
CHU started with a cost -based model of Project to derive price, while Chugach started and
remained focused on a value -based approach to the price. Ultimately, the parties arrived at a
price that Chugach views as within the zone of reasonableness for a pioneering wind project of
this type in Alaska and is confident that the rate impact to consumers is just and reasonable.10 In
comparison to using energy from Chugach's existing resources, the FIW-Chugach PPA Contract
Price is on par with Chugach's existing resources after considering and making reasonable
assumptions about fuel costs, fuel availability, carbon cost/risk, value of the Green Attributes,
and similar factors. Of particular importance in arriving at the price for energy in the FIW-
Chugach PPA is the value to its member -customer; of diversifying away from increasingly -
costly natural gas supplies and extending the life of the known supplies of natural gas in Cook
Inlet. It is simply no longer reasonable to assume that future natural gas will be routinely
available at historic prices. The FIW-Chugach PPA energy price reflects this change in
perspective, and, when viewed in light of all the circumstances, is just and reasonable.
Chugach also sees significant value in locking in a contract price for 25 years, reducing cost
variability and resulting rate fluctuations. In order to lock in such a price, the early years of the
price valuation are necessary higher in order to have a lower price in the future. With the flat
price for wind power over the term of the PPA, it can be seen from Chart 8, that the expected
increase in natural gas prices (as shown in the RIRP gas price projection) will result in
significant savings to our consumers, with the propensity to achieve greater savings in the long -
run (based on the Chugach -adjusted RIRP gas price projection).
!0 "The standard for approval of a power sales contract is that the rates are just and reasonable, that the load
forecasts justify the need for the contract, and that the contract is the most feasible means of meeting the forecasted
load." Staff Report in Docket U-97-191. In the Matter of th A lic tion of G t Lake Hvdro,,12 APIJC 285 (1992)
(citing AS 42.05.381 and AS 42.05.431(b)).
Commissioners June 23, 2011
Tariff Advice No. 334 Page 17 of 24
Chars 8 — Annual (Cost)Benefit (in millions of nominal S)
$4.0
$3A
M
e $$2.0
E
0
e
0
a $1.0
e
$0.0
0
C
—Annual (Cost)/BenefltBased on the
Chugach -adjusted RIRP Gas Price
Projection
e i32A)
—Annual (Cost)IBenefitbased onthe
RIRP Gas Price Projection
03A)
r � � pr p�p � ippA pNp N Nop QQN tpaV pNp pNp � pNp oN M � J pM /p�p pMO M pM p~J
Source: Chugach, June 2011
Appendix G shows Chugach's detailed deterministic and probabilistic analyses of the value of
output of the F1W Project. Chugach developed an economic model to evaluate FIW pricing.
The chart shows that while economic benefits of the wind purchase are not overwhelming, there
is reasonable value and it makes economic sense to begin incorporating renewable wind energy
into Chugach's power supply portfolio.
Overall, F1W appears to be one of the most viable and economic renewable energy projects in
Southcentral Alaska that can be financed, constructed, and interconnected in the near term with
significant leverage from exceptional federal and state grants. The gas situation in the Coop Inlet
is challenging and this is a small, but significant opportunity to bring a renewable energy
resource on-line that mitigates the rising gas supply costs and deliverability issues. CIRI is a
known entity with the resources to deliver the project as expected. The federal grant in lieu of
tax credits and state transmission grant will provide a total of $43.7 million capital to support to
the Project's viability and affordability.
FIW is the first renewable energy project that Chugach has evaluated, negotiated PPA terms and
brought to the Commission for approval. There will likely be many others in coming years as
Commissioners June 23, 2011
Tariff Advice No. 334 Page 18 of 24
other new generation resources such as hydro, geothermal, biomass and other wind projects are
currently being actively planned and developed. Chugach expects that the process of evaluating,
negotiating and securing approval of the FIW PPA and integrating wind operationally into the
electric grid will benefit these other projects when they are ready in the future.
6. Delivery/Interconnection
As mentioned above, the delivery point of the power to Chugach will be at the point of
interconnection with the transmission system at the high side of the Project collector 34.5 kV bus
on Fire Island, Alaska. FIW shall request- and Chugach shall seek to provide, station service for
FIW at the Project Site.
Chugach, as Transmission Owner, will be the interconnecting utility for the Project. Pursuant to
an Interconnection and Integration Agreement to be negotiated in the next few months,
Transmission Owner and FIW will separately agree to terms and conditions relating to the
interconnection of the generation from the Project in accordance with a Fire Island Wind Farm
System Impact Study that Chugach has already completed and defines the facilities necessary for
interconnection and requires no network upgrades. FIW shall be responsible for all applicable
transmission charges, electrical losses, integration and any other transmission -related charges
attributable to or assessed for energy delivered to Chugach before the point of delivery. Chugach
shall be responsible for all applicable transmission charges, electrical losses, integration and any
other transmission -related charges attributable to or assessed for energy delivered to Chugach at
and after the point of delivery. Pursuant to the Interconnection and Integration Agreement, the
Parties also agree that all future generation projects seeking to interconnect on Fire Island shall
request and attain a separate interconnection agreement from Transmission Owner and shall not
interfere with the Project's interconnection and delivery of Project's output.
Pursuant to the Interconnection and Integration Agreement, FIW shall construct to Chugach's
standards a two circuit sub -sea and a two circuit land based 34.5kV transmission line linking the
Project Delivery Point to Chugach's International Substation. Chugach shall be the owner of the
transmission line after its completion and shall pay for all ongoing operations and maintenance
of transmission line and interconnection facilities on Chugach's side of the Delivery Point after
Commercial Operation. FIW and Chugach will cooperate on the arrangements necessary to use
the State of Alaska grant to pay for the transmission line. If FIW's Engineer's Pre -construction
Estimate of cost to construct the transmission line and interconnection facilities exceeds the State
of Alaska grant for $25 million (and any additional grants) or if actual construction costs
(including CIRI project management cost) are expected to exceed the State of Alaska $25 million
grant, the FIW and Chugach shall further make reasonable commercial efforts in (1) revising the
technical specifications for the transmission line and interconnection facilities to bring the costs
into line with the State of Alaska grant(s), and (2) to the extent necessary, any additional efforts
necessary to obtain additional grants to cover any costs of the transmission line and
interconnection costs that are not covered by the initial grant. After such efforts are exhausted,
CIRI shall be responsible for all remaining cost overruns for transmission line and related
interconnection facilities.
Commissioners
Tariff Advice No. 334
7. Scheduling/Integration
June 23, 2011
Paee 19 of 24
Pursuant to Section 5.12 of the PPA, FIW will provide non -binding yearly, monthly, daily and
day ahead hourly forecasts of Project availability consistent with prudent wind industry
practices. Chugach shall act as scheduling coordinator (dispatcher) for the Project output.
There will be challenges associated with integrating and regulating a wind resource so that it
does not impede the operating efficiency of the existing generation system. The PPA provides
the tool to do so with a ramp rate restriction and the ability to curtail power purchases. FIW shall
use commercially reasonable efforts to observe a ramp rate restriction of 2.5 MW per minute (the
rate at which the wind project energy production increases or decreases), which will allow
Chugach's operations to integrate and deal with the variability of the wind generation.
Additionally, pursuant to an Interconnection and Integration Agreement, FIW shall pay a System
Integration Charge equal to $10.85 per MWh of Product purchased by Chugach (including
curtailed Product) to Chugach as Transmission Owner. This charge is a negotiated payment
amount towards the costs of integration, regulation and related services. As part of the
integration services, Chugach, in its role as buyer and as Transmission Owner, shall have the
right to curtail the Project for operational reasons and in an emergency conditions to (i) preserve
public health and safety, (ii) preserve the reliability or security of, and avoid adverse impacts to,
the Transmission System or Interconnection Facilities, (iii) limit or prevent damage, and (iv)
expedite restoration of service. As part of the System Integration Services, in the event that FIW
is required to curtail energy deliveries from the Project in response to a Emergency Condition,
declared by the Transmission Owner that is consistent with prudent utility practices and the
ASCC (or successor) Planning and Operating Guidelinesll (including the transmission function
of Chugach), Chugach shall pay for such curtailed Product at Contract Price and FIW shall suffer
no liability and FIW shall receive credit for such lost energy production. against FIW's Output
Guaranty.
Chugach will continue to investigate alternative methods, practice, and equipment, such as
batteries and flexible fuel supplies, which will improve the ability to manage the FIW Project
output and future intermittent energy supplies.
8. Operational Rise
Pursuant to Section 4.4, 4.5 and other PPA provisions, F1W shall operate the Project in
accordance with Prudent Wind Generation Industry Practices12 and the ASCC Planning and
u Alaska Systems Coordinating Council Planning Guidelines and Operating Standards, dated 1992, as such may he
amended, modified, and replaced from time to time.
12 In Section 1.1 of the PPA "Prudent Wind Generation Industry Practices" is defined to mean "the practices,
methods, and acts engaged in or approved by a signif_cant portion of the wind energy generation industry for wind
facilities similar to the Project and in a similar location and with wind characteristics similar to the Project that, at a
particular time, in the exercise of reasonable judgment in light of the facts known or that should reasonably have
Commissioners June 23, 2011
Tariff Advice No. 334 Page 20 of 24
Operating Guidelines and shall maintain a reasonable inventory of spare parts and have a heavy
duty, high lift crane available for deployment as needed, which high lift crane may be located on
or off the Premises. FIW shall be responsible to perform all maintenance and operation of the
Project consistent with prudent wind industry practices for a project with similar site and wind
conditions. The Contract Price includes the costs associated with operation and maintenance of
the Project. FIW shall provide Chugach with a planned outage/scheduled maintenance schedule
on a yearly basis no later than October 1 of the preceding year. FIW shall make commercially
reasonable efforts to avoid any planned outages during the months of October through April
unless agreed to in writing in advance by Chugach.
Article 10 contains typical provisions relating to Force Majeure. Complete failure of the
transmission line shall be a Force Majeure event pursuant to Section 10.1 of the PPA.
9. Other Notable Provisions
Pursuant to Section 5.10, except as otherwise agreed, Governmental charges and taxes, including
real and personal property taxes, assessments, and payments in lieu of taxes on the Project or the
real or personal property underlying the Project, shall be considered an operation and
maintenance expense of the Project. Except as otherwise agreed, Chugach shall be responsible
for any Governmental charges and taxes imposed or levied on the sale or receipt of Product, if
any.
Pursuant to Article 9 of the PPA, Chugach shall be allowed to assign the rights to a portion of up
to 18 percent of the Product from Project to another electric utility purchaser subject to FIW's
consent to electric utility purchaser's creditworthiness, which shall not be unreasonably
withheld, conditioned, or delayed.
COMPARISON TO OTHER OPTIONS
In April 2009, Chugach's Board of Directors approved the following policy based on
recommendations of Chugach's Renewable Energy Committee:
To ensure that a cost-effective electric power supply will increasingly rely upon
renewable and alternative energy sources and that all technology alternatives be
compared on a fair and equal basis, the Association shall assess and evaluate economic
been known at the time a decision was made, would have been expected to accomplish the desired result in a manner
consistent with Law, codes, standards, equipment manufacturers' recommendations, reliability, safety,
environmental protection, economy, and expedition. With respect to the Project, Prudent Wind Generation Industry
PracticeE is not intended to be limited to the optimum practice, method or act to the exclusion of all others, but rather
to be a spectrum of possible practices, methods or acts.'
Commissioners June 23, 2011
Tariff Advice No. 334 Page 21 of 24
values for power supply options that include but are not limited to the following:
a. The value of power supply security achieved from fuel type and
generation technology diversification;
b. The value of power supplies with level and non-volatile pricing compared
to market -based pricing, e.g., mitigating fuel price volatility;
C. Employ life -cycle cost -to -benefit economic analysis including the cost of
decommissioning;
d. The cost of government actions, including carbon emissions taxes and
carbon credit sales;
e. The value of other environmental attributes;
f. The statistical value of capacity from non -firm power supplies; and
g. Demand side programs including energy efficiency and energy
conservation.
Chugach's Board Policy 126 -- Business Planning and Financial Management, Section II,
Content, B Operations and Budgets (BP 126), first passed on April 22, 2009.
Consistent with BP 126 and the Board's Resolution In Support of Alternative Energy in Alaska
(Appendix D), Chugach has been investigating and evaluating known, feasible renewable
projects that could be reasonably interconnected to Chugach's system while it has considered a
PPA for output from the FIW Project. In addition to the values set forth in BP 126, Chugach has
used the following criteria in evaluating such projects (arid PPA opportunities): project viability;
developer experience and qualifications; counterparty/credit risk; proposed construction schedule
and commercial operation date; price; transmission viability, cost, and risk; interconnection and
integration requirements; conditions precedent; licensing, permitting and environmental issues;
site and location of the generation; technology/equipment type and viability; size; generation
profile/availability factor, project design, proposed business arrangements, mode of operation,
fuel supply (if any), and financing sources.
In October 2010, Chugach issued a request for information from all known project develop-crs
and published its interest in project opportunities on its website. Based on the information
received, Chugach is aware of potential projects including two wind projects, four hydroelectric
projects, one geothermal project, two tidal projects and one waste -to -energy facility.
These potential projects were evaluated based on the criteria above and the FIW project was
considered to be economic and the most viable, especially with the federal and state grants. CHU
is a financially sound partner, had retained experienced project development assistance, and was
Commissioners June 23, 2011
Tariff Advice No. 334 Page 22 of 24
actively moving the FIW project forward to take advantage of grant opportunities. Chugach has
negotiated reasonable terms with FIW and considers this project the best currently -available
renewable energy opportunity. As other developers further develop their projects, Chugach will
be interested in reviewing those opportunities that can provide reasonably priced energy from
viable and timely renewable energy projects.
NOTICES
Chugach's address for receiving notice related to this tariff filing is:
Lee Thibert
Senior Vice President, Strategic Planning and Corporate Affairs
Chugach Electric Association, Inc.
5601 Electron Drive
Anchorage, AK 99518
907-762-4514
lee_thibert@chugachelectric.com
REQUEST FOR EXPEDITED CONSIDERATION
Pursuant to the Commission's regulations (3 AAC 48.270-300) and based on information
provided by F1W, Chugach respectfully requests a Commission ruling no later than September
15, 2011, and provides the following demonstration of good cause provided by FIW.
The price of energy set forth in the FIW-Chugach PPA is based on an assumption that FIW will
qualify for approximately $18.7 million in cash grant in lieu of investment tax credit under
Section 1603 of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (the "ITC cash grant"). In order
to qualify for the ITC cash grant, FIW must meet certain development deadlines. As detailed
below, a Commission ruling by not later than September 15, 2011 is critical for FIW to be able to
meet the deadlines required for the receipt of the ITC cash grant.
First, the financing of the Project cannot occur until after the expiration of the 30-day period
during which an appeal or request for reconsideration can be made, and the Project financing
must be complete in October 2011 to preserve FIW's schedule for development of the Project.
1. FIW has already advanced over $10 million to maintain the Project schedule to date.
2. The interval required to manufacture and deliver critical Project components such as
submarine cable, collector switchyard breakers and transformers, and the Wind Turbine
Generators will require that firm orders for these items be placed in late 2011.
3. Substantial initial order deposits (multiple millions of dollars) will be required to secure
the orders for the long lead time equipment described above. FIW will be unable to fund
such deposits in the absence of the proceeds of financing the Project.
Commissioners June 23, 2011
Tariff Advice No. 334 Page 23 of 24
4. The construction of the Project and the transmission line from Fire Island to International
Substation will require tasks to be completed over two years, beginning in 2011. FIW
cannot reasonably fund substantial construction activity in 2011 without a ruling from tte
Commission, which will, as mentioned above, enable financing of the Project.
Second, preserving FIW's schedule for the development of the Project is required for FIW to
meet the ITC cash grant deadlines, and the receipt of the ITC cash grant is critical to the viability
of the PPA.
In order to qualify for the 1a C cash grant, the Project must demonstrate the start of
continuous construction before December 31, 2011, or must prove (contract for) over 5
percent of total cost of the Project has been expended on critical tasks and components
relating to the Project.
2. Further, once construction is started in 2011 or minimum contracted expenditures are
made, the Project must achieve Commercial Operation before December 31, 2012, the
expiration date of the ITC cash grant. In the specific case of the FIW Project,
construction must be completed sooner - before the onset of winter conditions which is
expected by late October 2012.
Last, if the Project cannot obtain the ITC cash grant, then the PPA as currently written becomes
no longer viable.
1. An amended PPA to account for loss of the ITC cash grant would include pricing at least
25 percent higher than the pricing set forth in the PPA Chugach is seeking approval of
pursuant to this letter.
2. The price increase in the PPA contemplated in #3 above would likely cause the price of
the energy from FIW to exceed the maximum price that Chugach can afford to pay.
In summary, FIW and CIRI intend to take prudent steps to qualify the Project to receive the ITC
cash grant. If successful in qualifying for the ITC cash grant, substantial benefit to the PPA price
and therefore to the customers of Chugach will accrue. In order to qualify for the ITC cash grant
FIW must take the following steps before the end of 2011:
• Order long lead time equipment;
• Secure orders with large deposits;
• Execute contracts for Wind Turbine Generators, balance of plant construction and
Project operation and maintenance services; and
• Start construction.
Commissioners
Tariff Advice No. 334
June 23, 2011
Page 24 of 24
The foregoing will require substantial sums of money to complete, and therefore will be
dependent upon closing construction financing. The construction financing in turn, will be
directly dependent upon receiving a final and non -appealable ruling from the Commission.
SUMMARY
Chugach respectfully requests that the Commission:
1. Approve the PPA between Chugach and Fire Island Wind, LLC.
2. Approve the tariff sheets that will allow power purchased from the FIW Project to be
recovered in rates through Chugach's fuel and purchased power cost adjustment factor.
3. Notice and review the PPA and tariff filing on an expedited basis so that it can be
approved by September 15, 2011.
Sincerely,
CHUGACH ELECTRIC ASSOCIATION, INC.
Bradley W. E s
Chief Executive fficer
Appendices: A FIW - Chugach PPA
B Summary of PPA Terms
C Proposed Tariff Sheets
D Projected Customer Bill Impacts
E Chugach Board of Directors Resolution In Support of Alternative Energy
in Alaska, February 2, 2010
F Backup Data for Charts
G FIW Project Evaluation Documents
cc: Brad Janorschke, General Manager, Homer Electric Association, Inc.
Evan J. Griffith, General Manager, Matanuska Electric Association, Inc.
John Foutz, Utility Manager, City of Seward