HomeMy WebLinkAboutChitina Renewable Energy 9-15-2010Renewable Energy Fund Round IV
Grant Application
AEA 11-005 Application Page 1 of 20 7/21/2010
Application Forms and Instructions
The following forms and instructions are provided to assist you in preparing your application for
a Renewable Energy Fund Grant. An electronic version of the Request for Applications (RFA)
and the forms are available online at:http://www.akenergyauthority.org/RE_Fund-IV.html
Grant Application
Form
GrantApp4.doc Application form in MS Word that includes an outline
of information required to submit a complete
application. Applicants should use the form to assure
all information is provided and attach additional
information as required.
Application Cost
Worksheet
Costworksheet4.doc Summary of Cost information that should be
addressed by applicants in preparing their application.
Grant Budget Form GrantBudget4.doc A detailed grant budget that includes a breakdown of
costs by milestone and a summary of funds available
and requested to complete the work for which funds
are being requested.
Grant Budget Form
Instructions
GrantBudgetInstructions4.pdf Instructions for completing the above grant budget
form.
x If you are applying for grants for more than one project, provide separate application
forms for each project.
x Multiple phases for the same project may be submitted as one application.
x If you are applying for grant funding for more than one phase of a project, provide
milestones and grant budget for completion of each phase.
x If some work has already been completed on your project and you are requesting
funding for an advanced phase, submit information sufficient to demonstrate that the
preceding phases are satisfied and funding for an advanced phase is warranted.
x If you have additional information or reports you would like the Authority to consider in
reviewing your application, either provide an electronic version of the document with
your submission or reference a web link where it can be downloaded or reviewed.
REMINDER:
x Alaska Energy Authority is subject to the Public Records Act AS 40.25, and materials
submitted to the Authority may be subject to disclosure requirements under the act if no
statutory exemptions apply.
x All applications received will be posted on the Authority web site after final
recommendations are made to the legislature.
x In accordance with 3 AAC 107.630 (b) Applicants may request trade secrets or
proprietary company data be kept confidential subject to review and approval by the
Authority. If you want information is to be kept confidential the applicant must:
o Request the information be kept confidential.
o Clearly identify the information that is the trade secret or proprietary in their
application.
o Receive concurrence from the Authority that the information will be kept
confidential. If the Authority determines it is not confidential it will be treated as a
public record in accordance with AS 40.25 or returned to the applicant upon
request.
Renewable Energy Fund
Grant Application Round IV
AEA11-005 Grant Application Page 2 of 20 7/21/2010
SECTION 1 – APPLICANT INFORMATION
Name (Name of utility, IPP, or government entity submitting proposal)
Chitina Electric Inc. (CEI)
Type of Entity:
Native Corporation Rural Utility
Mailing Address
PO Box 88, Chitina, AK 99566
Physical Address
Main Street, Chitina, AK 99566
Telephone
(907) 952-8748
Fax
(907) 823-4006
Email
mnfinn@cvinternet.net
1.1 APPLICANT POINT OF CONTACT / GRANTS MANAGER
Name
Martin Finnesand
Title
Utility Manager/President
Mailing Address
PO Box 88, Chitina, AK 99566
Telephone
(907) 952-8748
Fax
(907) 823-4006
Email
mnfinn@cvinternet.net
1.2 APPLICANT MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS
Please check as appropriate. If you do not to meet the minimum applicant requirements, your
application will be rejected.
1.2.1 As an Applicant, we are: (put an X in the appropriate box)
X An electric utility holding a certificate of public convenience and necessity under AS
42.05, or
An independent power producer in accordance with 3 AAC 107.695 (a) (1), or
A local government, or
A governmental entity (which includes tribal councils and housing authorities);
Yes 1.2.2. Attached to this application is formal approval and endorsement for its project by
its board of directors, executive management, or other governing authority. If the
applicant is a collaborative grouping, a formal approval from each participant’s
governing authority is necessary. (Indicate Yes or No in the box )
Yes 1.2.3. As an applicant, we have administrative and financial management systems and
follow procurement standards that comply with the standards set forth in the grant
agreement.
Yes 1.2.4. If awarded the grant, we can comply with all terms and conditions of the attached
grant form. (Any exceptions should be clearly noted and submitted with the
application.)
Yes 1.2.5 We intend to own and operate any project that may be constructed with grant
funds for the benefit of the general public.
Renewable Energy Fund
Grant Application Round IV
AEA11-005 Grant Application Page 3 of 20 7/21/2010
SECTION 2 – PROJECT SUMMARY
This is intended to be no more than a 1-2 page overview of your project.
2.1 Project Title – (Provide a 4 to 5 word title for your project)
Fivemile Creek Hydroelectric Project
2.2 Project Location –
Include the physical location of your project and name(s) of the community or communities that will
benefit from your project.
This project is located on Fivemile Creek, which crosses the Edgerton Highway approximately
5-miles north of Chitina, Alaska, near the Chitina Airport. The community of Chitina, ADOT
facilities at the Chitina Airport, and local community services and businesses will all benefit
from the clean, lower-cost energy that the proposed project would provide.
2.3 PROJECT TYPE
Put X in boxes as appropriate
2.3.1 Renewable Resource Type
Wind Biomass or Biofuels
X Hydro, including run of river X Transmission of Renewable Energy
Geothermal, including Heat Pumps Small Natural Gas
Heat Recovery from existing sources Hydrokinetic
Solar Storage of Renewable
Other (Describe)
2.3.2 Proposed Grant Funded Phase(s) for this Request (Check all that apply)
X Reconnaissance X Design and Permitting
Feasibility X Construction and Commissioning
X Conceptual Design
2.4 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Provide a brief one paragraph description of your proposed project.
The proposed Fivemile Creek Hydroelectric Project consists of four major components,
including:
x A creek diversion structure- The diversion structure would create a small impoundment
that would divert a portion of flow from Fivemile Creek into a pipeline (penstock).
x A penstock – The penstock is a pipeline that will transport water from the intake structure
to the turbine powerhouse. The penstock for this project will be around 12-inches in
diameter and 8,500 linear feet long. Its primary purpose is to pressurize the water from
the creek.
x A hydroelectric turbine power plant – The power plant will house the turbine and
electrical generating equipment and controls. Water from the penstock will spin the
turbine and generators and produce electricity. The power plant will include a tailrace
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Grant Application Round IV
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that will return water from the penstock to the creek bed.
x Electrical tie-in – An overhead high voltage line will connect the turbine power plant to
the existing electrical distribution system near the airport.
2.5 PROJECT BENEFIT
Briefly discuss the financial and public benefits that will result from this project, (such as reduced fuel
costs, lower energy costs, etc.)
The proposed hydro electric project will provide a new, sustainable, renewable power source
for the community of Chitina, Alaska. The proposed project will reduce the amount of diesel fuel
burned at the existing power plant by tens of thousands of gallons annually, significantly
lowering power plant operating costs, and helping to stabilize electrical power rates that
currently fluctuate dramatically due to spikes in fuel oil prices. The result will be a more robust,
sustainable utility. Lowered operating costs, in the form of fuel savings, will also decrease the
community’s reliance on Power Cost Equalization funds, allowing the State’s funds to effectively
benefit other communities in need. In addition, the proposed project will provide the security
and reliability of multiple power sources for this remote community, and create less
environmental emissions than the current diesel powered generation and heating systems.
During the construction phase, the proposed hydro-electric project will provide new
construction related employment and training opportunities for the local work force. In addition
when the hydro power generation exceeds community use requirements CEI intends to pursue
sales of electric heat to the customers during peak hydro production times. The electric heat will
be an interruptible, separately metered, less expensive heating option for the larger power users.
There are a number of current utility customers that would benefit from low cost surplus power
including the clinic, the local hotel, the Chitina One Stop (local fuel vendor and grocery store),
the fire hall, Alaska Department of Transportation, and the local community center and
adjacent HUD housing development. The extra capacity provided by the hydro electric plant
will also be beneficial in attracting new industries to the community and boosting the local
economy. It will reduce heating fuel oil consumption, reduce air pollution and reduce economic
payback time of the hydro-electric facility.
Economic benefit analysis completed to date indicates a payback period of less than 20 years for
the project, compared with an estimated design life of 30 years.. CEI intends to pursue sale of
green credits as an alternate economic benefit.
In 2008 a new diesel power plant was installed near the Chitina airport along with a 4 mile
power line extension that extends to the community. The installed power plant module is fully
equipped with control equipment to synchronize a hydro-electric power source with the existing
diesel gensets.
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2.6 PROJECT BUDGET OVERVIEW
Briefly discuss the amount of funds needed, the anticipated sources of funds, and the nature and source
of other contributions to the project.
Conceptual Design Report $ 115,000.00
Geotechnical Investigation $ 50,000.00
Business and Operations Plan $35,000
Design $300,000
Site Control/Permitting $80,000
Land acquisition $500,000
Intake and Pipeline construction $2,195,000
Powerhouse Building and Turbine $675,000
Electrical Controls and Transmission Line $455,000
Anticipated Project Cost to Completion: $4,405,000
RE Grant funding (Round II) $303,000
In-kind Native Corporation land donation (est.) $ 500,000.00
RE Grant Funds (Round IV) needed $3,602,000
2.7 COST AND BENEFIT SUMARY
Include a summary of grant request and your project’s total costs and benefits below.
Grant Costs
(Summary of funds requested)
2.7.1 Grant Funds Requested in this application.$ 3,602,000
2.7.2 Other Funds to be provided (REF Round II Award)$303,000 (REF Round II)
2.7.3 Other Funds to be provided (Owner In-Kind)$500,000 (Land)*
2.7.4 Total Grant Costs (sum of 2.7.1 and 2.7.2)$4,405,000
Project Costs & Benefits
(Summary of total project costs including work to date and future cost estimates to get to a fully
operational project)
2.7.5 Total Project Cost (Summary from Cost Worksheet
including estimates through construction)
$4,405,000
2.7.6 Estimated Direct Financial Benefit (Savings over 30 years)$ 6,593,000 **
2.7.7 Other Public Benefit (If you can calculate the benefit in
terms of dollars please provide that number here and
explain how you calculated that number in your application
(Section 5.)
$ not calculated in dollars
* The estimated land value is based upon an assumption of 25 acres total for intake line,
building facilities, and distribution line extension at $20,000/acre.
** See Section 5 for financial benefit calculation methodology.
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SECTION 3 – PROJECT MANAGEMENT PLAN
Describe who will be responsible for managing the project and provide a plan for successfully
completing the project within the scope, schedule and budget proposed in the application.
3.1 Project Manager
Tell us who will be managing the project for the Grantee and include contact information, a
resume and references for the manager(s). If the applicant does not have a project manager
indicate how you intend to solicit project management support. If the applicant expects project
management assistance from AEA or another government entity, state that in this section.
Chitina Electric, Inc., requests as part of this application, that AEA provide project management
assistance in procuring design services and bidding the construction contracts. Chitina Electric,
Inc. will provide field supervision services during construction. Through previous discussions
and preliminary verbal concurrence it is anticipated that AEA, Rural Energy Group, Rural
Power Systems Upgrades will manage the project and assist with system integration. The
requested AEA project manager for this project is Mr. Alan Fetters.
3.2 Project Schedule
Include a schedule for the proposed work that will be funded by this grant. (You may include a
chart or table attachment with a summary of dates below.)
PROJECT TASK TARGET DATE
Regional Hydrologic Investigation Complete
Stream Gage Installation and Monitoring Complete
Complete new diesel powerhouse and 4-mile distribution tie line
(adjacent to mouth of Fivemile Creek)Complete
Submit RE Round IV Grant Application Sept 2010
Initiate Fieldwork for Conceptual Design Report (LIDAR, Geotech)Sept - Oct 2010
Recommendation from AEA to Legislature for FY2012 funding Jan-April 2011
Complete Fieldwork for Conceptual Design Report (Survey, Site Control, etc.)May-June 2011
Submit Draft Feasibility Study / CDR (Accomplished with Round II RE Funding)June, 2011
Submit Final Feasibility Study / CDR July 2011
Round IV Grant award to CEI finalized July 2011
Final Design and Permitting Complete July 2012
Long Lead Procurement (Owner Provided Turbine, penstock, controls)August 2012
Prepare Bid Package and Solicit Bids For Construction September 2012
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Grant Application Round IV
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Award Hydro Project November, 2012
Construction Completion August 2014
3.3 Project Milestones
Define key tasks and decision points in your project and a schedule for achieving them. The
Milestones must also be included on your budget worksheet to demonstrate how you propose to
manage the project cash flow. (See Section 2 of the RFA or the Budget Form.)
MILESTONE TARGET COMPLETION DATE
Fieldwork for Conceptual Design Report (LIDAR, Geotech)October 31, 2010
x LIDAR Mapping of Fivemile Creek Drainage
x Geotechnical Reconnaissance (Air / Land)
Submit Draft Feasibility / Conceptual Design Report (CDR)June 15, 2011
x Site Control Opinion Letter / Title Search Results
x Scoping Letters to Regulatory Agencies
x Prepare Preliminary Design Drawings / Figures
x Refine Economic Analysis
x Refine Construction Cost Estimate
Submit Final Feasibility Study / CDR July 15, 2011
Submit 65% Construction Documents February 15, 2012
Submit 95% Construction Documents May 15, 2012
Submit Final Construction Documents July 15, 2012
Begin Procurement of Long Lead Items
(Owner Provided Turbine, penstock, controls, etc.)August 15, 2012
Prepare Bid Package and Solicit Bids For Construction September 2012
Award Hydro Project November 15, 2012
Contractor Mobilization June, 2013
Construction Substantial Completion August 2014
Operator Training and Plant Startup September 2014
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3.4 Project Resources
Describe the personnel, contractors, equipment, and services you will use to accomplish the
project. Include any partnerships or commitments with other entities you have or anticipate will
be needed to complete your project. Describe any existing contracts and the selection process
you may use for major equipment purchases or contracts. Include brief resumes and references
for known, key personnel, contractors, and suppliers as an attachment to your application.
Chitina Electric, Inc. (CEI)
Martin Finnesand, Utility Manager/President, will be the project contact from CEI. He has
25+ years experience in his position with CEI, with the Chitina Native Corporation, and with
construction projects in the community. CEI has administered the local utility since its
inception. Utility personnel have been trained and certified as powerhouse operators and have
also been trained on hydro operations. It is the intent that the local operators will become
knowledgeable on all aspects of this Project to enhance their capability for O&M. (reference
appendix)
Alaska Energy Authority (AEA)
CEI and AEA have a relationship through the Rural Energy Group, Rural Power System
Upgrade, which administers and implements the rural power system upgrade projects. AEA
has the project management experience to facilitate management and contracting for the
planning, design, and construction of the required infrastructure improvements. Continuing
the established relationship between CEI and AEA, with the Project Management Agreement,
will provide the most efficient and cost effective implementation of the contracts for the
facilities.
Engineering Design Team
The design team will consist of multiple engineering firms. CRW Engineering Group, LLC.
under contract to the AEA, will act as the primary engineering consultant for this project. CRW
is an Alaskan company with over 25 years of experience in the fields of rural Alaska utility, bulk
fuel and power plant design and construction. Other key design team members will include
Golder Associates (Geotechnical design), CF Malm Engineers LLC. (Electrical Engineering,
hydroelectric system specialist), EDC Inc. (Mechanical Engineering), Larsen Consulting Group
(Structural / Architectural), Solstice Alaska Consulting, Inc. (Hydro Permitting Specialists), Rick
Elliot, Land Consultant (site control) and Aurora Consulting (business planning and
management). Resumes for specific project personnel are attached.
3.5 Project Communications
Discuss how you plan to monitor the project and keep the Authority informed of the status.
Chitina Electric, Inc., will appoint a project representative to work with the AEA project
manager in oversight / management of consultants and contractors, and to provide a conduit for
distribution of information between the field and the design/construction team. This
methodology worked reliably and efficiently for the 2008 diesel powerhouse upgrade
project.
Renewable Energy Fund
Grant Application Round IV
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3.6 Project Risk
Discuss potential problems and how you would address them.
Development of a Hydro-electric project may encounter unknown field conditions, procurement,
and permitting delays. Project management will attempt to avoid as many potential pitfalls as
possible by: gathering extensive soils and bedrock information at the site to avoid mitigation and
blasting delays; coordinating advance procurement requirements to allow construction to
proceed on schedule; and facilitating right-of-way, permitting, and regulatory review concerns
early in the project approval process. Previous preliminary investigation has already provided
valuable information and contributed significantly regarding the selection of Fivemile Creek
from the multiple available hydro resources in the Chitina region. With proper scheduling and
management the project risk can be mitigated to acceptable levels. The management and
engineering design teams assembled for this project are composed of capable and experienced
professionals, determined to overcome any challenges that may surface.
Renewable Energy Fund
Grant Application Round IV
AEA11-005 Grant Application Page 10 of 20 7/21/2010
SECTION 4 – PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND TASKS
x Tell us what the project is and how you will meet the requirements outlined in Section 2 of
the RFA.
x The level of information will vary according to phase(s) of the project you propose to
undertake with grant funds.
x If you are applying for grant funding for more than one phase of a project provide a
plan and grant budget form for completion of each phase.
x If some work has already been completed on your project and you are requesting funding for
an advanced phase, submit information sufficient to demonstrate that the preceding phases
are satisfied and funding for an advanced phase is warranted.
4.1 Proposed Energy Resource
Describe the potential extent/amount of the energy resource that is available.
Discuss the pros and cons of your proposed energy resource vs. other alternatives that may be
available for the market to be served by your project.
The area surrounding Chitina has multiple potential hydroelectric sources, and previous studies
by the Alaska Power Authority and various consultants have considered many possible
configurations and locations for hydroelectric generation facilities. Potential sources that have
received the most detailed study include Liberty Creek, Fivemile Creek, Trout Lake, Fox Creek
and Obrien Creek.
Recent studies, including the Regional Hydroelectric Investigation: Chitina, Alaska, Final Report
completed in May 2,2008, have focused on O’brien Creek and Fivemile Creek. This report
concluded that Fivemile Creek is the preferred development alternative for the following reasons:
x Site Access: The proposed intake location can be accessed via an existing 4x4 vehicle
trail. Access to O’Brien creek was essentially cut off during flooding in 2006 and
susbsequent landslides along the Copper River Highway.
x Geotechnical Conditions: The record flood in 2006 caused significant changes in the
O’brien Creek drainage resulting in slope instability along the proposed penstock route.
Further, discontinuous permafrost was found along the proposed penstock alignment and
access cooridor. Fivemile Creek, on the otherhand, has no known permafrost and
relatively stable slopes.
x Electrical Grid Tie-In – The 2008 Diesel Powerhouse Project included a 4-mile high
voltage overhead power line extension from town to the airport (the diesel powerhouse
was sited near the airport). As a result of this project, the community power grid extends
to within 300 linear feet of the Fivemile Creek Bridge across the Edgerton Highway.
Tying the proposed hydro plant into the existing grid would be simple.
The proposed Fivemile Creek project would be “high head” with about 1,000 feet of elevation
drop between the intake elevation and the powerhouse. The expected design output is 300kW at a
penstock flow rate of 5 cubic feet per second (cfs), with winter output bottoming out around
110kW. The cumulative annual potential energy output is expected to be around 2 GWh. Nearby
gravel beds provide a local resource to sufficiently bury the pipeline where bedrock precludes
direct bury. The timing of the summer peak load from fishing and tourism is ideal for the peak
energy delivery of the hydro plant.
Renewable Energy Fund
Grant Application Round IV
AEA11-005 Grant Application Page 11 of 20 7/21/2010
4.2 Existing Energy System
4.2.1 Basic configuration of Existing Energy System
Briefly discuss the basic configuration of the existing energy system. Include information about
the number, size, age, efficiency, and type of generation.
Based upon 2010 PCE data, Chitina’s current average electrical demand is approximately 60kW,
with peaks in the neighborhood of 115 kW. For this analysis, it is assumed that electrical
demand will increase linearly with population growth at around 2% per year, resulting in design
average and peak loads of 90 kW and 170 kW, respectively, in the year 2030.
CEI’s existing diesel power plant was constructed in 2008 and energized in September, 2009.
The project was funded through the Denali Commission and the Alaska Energy Authority, and
replaced the community’s aged, non-code compliant power plant. The new facility consists of a
pre-engineered, modular metal structure (15’ x 42’) founded on concrete spread footings
partially buried within a gravel pad. The structure contains three diesel gensets, including one
54 kW and two 117 kW units, and paralleling switchgear. Power is generated at 480 volts AC
and stepped up to 12.47 kV using pole-mounted transformers. A 4-mile overhead powerline
connects the power plant to the community power grid. The power plant’s close proximity to
Fivemile Creek makes a hydroelectric plant at this location a clear choice.
The 2010 PCE report shows that the CEI power plant used 36,870 gallons of fuel at an average
cost of $3.55/gal. Each gallon of fuel produced 13.9 kWh. The total generation was about
513,600 kWh, equivalent to a continuous power output of 59kW. The current cost for consumers
(after PCE) is $0.43 per kWh. In recent years, utility rates have spiked to over $0.60 per kWh
due to fluctuations in fuel oil prices.
4.2.2 Existing Energy Resources Used
Briefly discuss your understanding of the existing energy resources. Include a brief discussion of
any impact the project may have on existing energy infrastructure and resources.
Currently, the community is totally reliant on its diesel generators for all power production.
Without a renewable source to supplement the diesel systems, the Utility will continue to struggle
with high fuel prices and economic instability.
The proposed Fivemile Creek hydro electric project is a long term, cost effective, renewable
resource answer to Chitina’s current and future energy needs. It would increase the overall
system reliability and help to stabilize energy costs in the community.
The proposed project would reduce the amount of “recovered” heat available from the existing
diesel plant. Recovered heat is currently utilized to heat the Clinic building and heat the power
plant fuel tank to allow the use of #2 diesel. However, excess energy from the proposed hydro
electric plant will be used to heat these facilities in place of the recovered heat. Further, when
excess hydro power is available, dispatchable, low cost heat will be available for many other
facilities in town such as the Chitina One Stop Grocery, ADOT maintenance building, fire hall,
community building, local hotel and HUD housing, etc. Other immediate benefits to the
community may include extending the operating hours / season for the One Stop Grocery and
local guide services due to the availability of low cost electric heating.
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4.2.3 Existing Energy Market
Discuss existing energy use and its market. Discuss impacts your project may have on energy
customers.
Approximately 514,000 kWh were consumed in the community over the last year (7/09 through
6/10), representing a 19% increase compared to the previous year. This rapid increase is the
result of recently connecting the new clinic, ADOT maintenance building and a local RV park to
the distribution system. However, based upon an analysis of population trends and input from
the local operator, it is anticipated that the load will continue to grow at around 2% per year for
the foreseeable future.
As previously discussed, the proposed hydro-electric powerhouse will provide the consumers
with more reliable power and help to stabilize pricing. Excess power production will be offered
to consumers at a reduced rate, providing a more cost effective method of heating structures than
with diesel fuel or wood. Several existing businesses, including the local grocery/gas station and
local guide services, have indicated they would extend their operating seasons if heating wasn’t
so expensive.
Chitina is actively developing its tourism potential.
x The local hotel was recently renovated by a new owner willing to invest over a million
dollars.
x The local RV campground is constantly being improved by the city.
x A modern and scenic multi-million dollar bike path was just completed this last summer
x Dip netting along the Copper River brings a staggering number of fishermen, tourists,
and campers into town annually.
The proposed project will facilitate this and other business growth In the community.
4.3 Proposed System
Include information necessary to describe the system you are intending to develop and address
potential system design, land ownership, permits, and environmental issues.
4.3.1 System Design
Provide the following information for the proposed renewable energy system:
x A description of renewable energy technology specific to project location
x Optimum installed capacity
x Anticipated capacity factor
x Anticipated annual generation
x Anticipated barriers
x Basic integration concept
x Delivery methods
As previously discussed, the proposed Fivemile Creek project would be designed as a high head
system, with about 1,000 feet of elevation drop between the intake and the powerhouse An
exposed bedrock channel at the intake location will allow for construction of a diversion
structure to capture the necessary flows. The diversion structure will likely be constructed of
reinforced concrete or steel. The intake will be designed to withstand debris impacts from annual
spring floods and ice loading. Other design considerations will include freeze protection and a
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self-cleaning screen system to prevent debris from entering the pipeline. Power and
communication lines will be run to the intake location along the penstock alignment. A pressure
transducer at the intake will monitor water availability.
Water from the diversion structure will be transported to the turbine power house via a 8,500 LF
penstock. The penstock will consist of a combination of HDPE and Steel pipe sections; the
diameter of the pipeline will be in the range of 12-inches. The pipeline will be buried where soil
conditions allow. Above grade pipe sections, if any, will be insulated and protected from
environmental hazards. The pipeline will be designed using proven methods for thrust resistance,
air release / vacuum protection, water hammer effects, etc. It is envisioned that the pipeline will
cross the Edgerton Highway via directionally drilling methods.
The penstock will terminate at a hydroelectric powerhouse situated adjacent to the existing
Fivemile Creek channel. The powerhouse will house a hydroelectric turbine (likely a pelton
wheel machine) and necessary controls and switchgear. Water from the turbine tailrace will be
directed back into Fivemile Creek, and will flow into the Copper River. Based upon the
hydrologic data collection and modeling to date, the expected design output of the powerhouse is
300kW at a penstock flow of 5 cfs, with minimum expected winter output of around 110kW. The
annual cumulative potential energy output of the system is estimated at 2.04 GWh. Specific
powerhouse technologies and automation will be selected in conceptual design.
The proposed hydro system controls will be connected to, and integrated with, the existing diesel
power plant controls. The Hydro will be capable of providing prime power to the community
year around, with the diesel plant operating as a backup system. The community’s recently
constructed diesel plant has state of the art PLC-based controls that will readily interface and
synchronize with the hydro plant controls. The proposed hydro plant will include a full SCADA
control system, including high-speed internet link and video cameras allowing anchorage based
technicians to monitor and assist the local operators with troubleshooting the system when
necessary.
The hydro plant will generate power at 480 volts, and pole-mounted transformers adjacent to the
plant will step the voltage up to 12.47 KV. Power from the hydro plant will be delivered to
consumers via the existing overhead electric power distribution grid.
4.3.2 Land Ownership
Identify potential land ownership issues, including whether site owners have agreed to the
project or how you intend to approach land ownership and access issues.
Land required for the development of these proposed system improvements is owned by the
Chitina Native Corporation, and will be provided to the utility as an in-kind donation. As CEI is
owned by the Chitina Native Corporation, provision of the land has been agreed upon as a
benefit to the community and Corporation members.
Renewable Energy Fund
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4.3.3 Permits
Provide the following information as it may relate to permitting and how you intend to address
outstanding permit issues.
x List of applicable permits
x Anticipated permitting timeline
x Identify and discussion of potential barriers
Required state and federal permits will be identified during preparation of the Conceptual Design
Report, and scoping letters will be sent to applicable regulatory agencies early in the design
phase. Depending upon agency responses, it is anticipated that permitting for the proposed
project will take approximately 6-months to complete. The following permit requirements are
anticipated for the proposed project:
x Preparation of an Environmental Assessment (EA) in accordance with AEA requirements
x Review by the State Historic Preservation Officer
x Submittal of a Coastal Zone Questionnaire to the ADNR.
x ADOT Right of Way Permit for penstock crossing of Edgerton Highway.
x Corps of Engineers Jurisdictional Determination and nationwide permit.
x USFWS approval (Endangered Species Act Compliance)
x FAA-Form 2120 “Notice of Proposed Construction or Alteration”
x Borough Zoning Permit
Environmental Assessment
In accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) an EA will be completed prior
to construction of the project. The EA format should be based on the guidance documents
provided in the AEA Reference Manual. The EA process should include the development and
distribution of a project-scoping letter to all interested agencies. Responses from the agencies
should be attached to the EA checklist as justification for a Finding of No Significant Impact
(FONSI) for the project. AEA will act as the lead agency for FONSI determination.
4.3.4 Environmental
Address whether the following environmental and land use issues apply, and if so how they will
be addressed:
x Threatened or Endangered species
x Habitat issues
x Wetlands and other protected areas
x Archaeological and historical resources
x Land development constraints
x Telecommunications interference
x Aviation considerations
x Visual, aesthetics impacts
x Identify and discuss other potential barriers
Threatened or endangered species are not anticipated to be impacted by this project, but US Fish
and Wildlife—Endangered Species Act Compliance will be reviewed. Utility Pole lines will be
designed with raptor concerns in mind. The State of Alaska Fish and Game does not list Fivemile
Creek as an anadromous stream. Visual inspection of the mouth of the creek also indicates that
this stream is not suitable fish habitat. Therefore, maintaining a baseflow in the creek bed will
likely not be a permitting requirement. Wetlands are not anticipated to be an issue for the
Renewable Energy Fund
Grant Application Round IV
AEA11-005 Grant Application Page 15 of 20 7/21/2010
Fivemile project, however COE Nationwide Permits stipulations may apply for work within the
creek streambed.
Archeological or historical sites are not anticipated to be encountered on this project, however it
comply with State Historic Preservation Office—Pre-construction Notification Procedures.
Facilities near the airport will be included in FAA-Form 2120 “Notice of Proposed Construction
or Alteration”.
The project crosses mostly Native owned lands, which will be donated as an in-kind contribution;
there are no zoning restrictions on the affected lands. As much of the facilities will be buried
and/or hidden with wooded areas and, therefore, visual impacts are not anticipated to be an issue
for thisproject.
4.4 Proposed New System Costs and Projected Revenues
(Total Estimated Costs and Projected Revenues)
The level of cost information provided will vary according to the phase of funding requested and
any previous work the applicant may have done on the project. Applicants must reference the
source of their cost data. For example: Applicants Records or Analysis, Industry Standards,
Consultant or Manufacturer’s estimates.
4.4.1 Project Development Cost
Provide detailed project cost information based on your current knowledge and understanding of
the project. Cost information should include the following:
x Total anticipated project cost, and cost for this phase
x Requested grant funding
x Applicant matching funds – loans, capital contributions, in-kind
x Identification of other funding sources
x Projected capital cost of proposed renewable energy system
x Projected development cost of proposed renewable energy system
Total anticipated project costs: $4,405,000
Grant Funding Received to date: $303,000 (REF Round II)
Community In-Kind Contribution: $500,000 (Land)
Requested Round IV grant funding: $3,602,000
Projected project capital costs: $3,825,000.00
Projected project development costs: $ 580,000.00
4.4.2 Project Operating and Maintenance Costs
Include anticipated O&M costs for new facilities constructed and how these would be funded by
the applicant.
(Note: Operational costs are not eligible for grant funds however grantees are required to meet
ongoing reporting requirements for the purpose of reporting impacts of projects on the
communities they serve.)
No grant funding is requested for Operations and Maintenance. A detailed business plan will be
developed for the O&M of the new hydro facilities upon approval of the grant. It is anticipated
that the decreased O&M costs from reduced use of diesel generation facilities, in addition to the
fuel cost savings, will offset any new O&M costs associated with the renewable resource
facilities, which are anticipated to be approximately $50,000.00 per year.
Renewable Energy Fund
Grant Application Round IV
AEA11-005 Grant Application Page 16 of 20 7/21/2010
4.4.3 Power Purchase/Sale
The power purchase/sale information should include the following:
x Identification of potential power buyer(s)/customer(s)
x Potential power purchase/sales price - at a minimum indicate a price range
x Proposed rate of return from grant-funded project
The existing and future CEI consumers will remain the potential power buyers for the renewable
energy generation that will replace/supplement the existing diesel generation. CEI intends to
pursue green energy credit sales and interruptible electric heating sales.
The detailed business plan to be developed upon grant approval will include assessing impact on
fuel surcharge effects of the power costs. While it is anticipated the initial estimate may not
indicate significant rate reduction in the first years, the cost benefit is in rate stabilization in the
future follow on years from a consistent energy supply that will not fluctuate with oil prices.
Based on the current cost of fuel ($3.55 per gallon) and the estimated diesel avoidance at the
power plant (around 37,000-gallons per year) and heating oil savings at the store, hotel,
community center, fire hall, and other facilities eligible for reduced cost electric heat (estimated
at around 50,000-gallons per year) the payback period for the project is 17 years. This estimate
is conservative, assuming zero growth and flat fuel costs. With minimal growth, the payback
period will likely be less than 15 years.
4.4.4 Project Cost Worksheet
Complete the cost worksheet form which provides summary information that will be considered
in evaluating the project.
Attached.
SECTION 5– PROJECT BENEFIT
Explain the economic and public benefits of your project. Include direct cost savings,
and how the people of Alaska will benefit from the project.
The benefits information should include the following:
x Potential annual fuel displacement (gal and $) over the lifetime of the evaluated
renewable energy project
x Anticipated annual revenue (based on i.e. a Proposed Power Purchase Agreement price,
RCA tariff, or cost based rate)
x Potential additional annual incentives (i.e. tax credits)
x Potential additional annual revenue streams (i.e. green tag sales or other renewable
energy subsidies or programs that might be available)
x Discuss the non-economic public benefits to Alaskans over the lifetime of the project
Annual fuel Displacement due to Hydro:
Assumptions: No Growth, Fuel Price Remains Constant for Life of Project at $3.55 per gallon.
Diesel For Power Generation: 37,000 gal @ $3.55/gal = $131,350
Heating Oil (replaced w/ low cost electric): 25,000gal@$3.55/gallon = $88,750
Total Annual Diesel Displacement Cost Savings: $131,350 + $88,750 = $219,750
30-Year Diesel Displacement Value = 30 yr x $219,750/yr = $6,593,000
Renewable Energy Fund
Grant Application Round IV
AEA11-005 Grant Application Page 17 of 20 7/21/2010
The other potential economic benefits of interruptible electric heat sales, green credits, or
environmental improvement have not been calculated in terms of dollars. Federal and State
legislation on the proposed carbon tax could have a significant positive impact on the economical
payback of the hydro project and will be monitored closely.
Non economic public benefits of the proposed project include the following:
x Lower emissions will result in cleaner, healthier air for the community and its visitors.
x Successful use of alternative energy will encourage other communities to pursue green
technology.
x Reduced handling and transport of fuel oil will reduce the potential for a spill and better
protect the environment.
x
SECTION 6– SUSTAINABILITY
Discuss your plan for operating the completed project so that it will be sustainable.
Include at a minimum:
x Proposed business structure(s) and concepts that may be considered.
x How you propose to finance the maintenance and operations for the life of the project
x Identification of operational issues that could arise.
x A description of operational costs including on-going support for any back-up or existing
systems that may be require to continue operation
x Commitment to reporting the savings and benefits
The proposed project will be owned and operated by Chitina Electric, Inc. CEI’s existing
management structure and administrative department will remain in place. The overall operation
of the utility will change little as a result of this project. The Utility will continue to operate and
maintain its facilities, and bill its customers for services provided. It is anticipated that operation
and maintenance efforts will increase initially while CEI’s staff familiarize themselves with the
Hydro plant. However, once startup is completed, the Hydroplant should require no more
maintenance than the existing diesel system. The diesel system will need to be exercised on a
regular basis to insure it is ready for backup service. Similarly, during periods of low water when
the diesel plant is carrying the load, the Hydro will need to be maintained in a ready condition.
Operation, maintenance and management requirements will be addressed in the project business
plan. The Plan will provide an organizational structure to help the Utility transition to Hydro
power. The proposed business plan consultant, Aurora Consulting, has assisted dozens of
communities with similar transitions. In addition to the business plan, administrative and operator
training will be provided on an as-needed basis.
Renewable Energy Fund
Grant Application Round IV
AEA11-005 Grant Application Page 18 of 20 7/21/2010
SECTION 7 – READINESS & COMPLIANCE WITH OTHER GRANTS
Discuss what you have done to prepare for this award and how quickly you intend to proceed
with work once your grant is approved.
Tell us what you may have already accomplished on the project to date and identify other grants
that may have been previously awarded for this project and the degree you have been able to
meet the requirements of previous grants.
Chitina Electric Inc. (CEI), along with its parent Native Corporation, submitted a Round II Rural
Energy Fund Grant Application and received funding for preliminary feasibility and design
work. Since then, the project team, under direction from the Alaska Energy Authority, has
worked diligently on completing the grant agreement scope of work. An updated hydrologic
report, current stream flow data and power output projections are attached to this grant
application. The analysis indicates that Fivemile Creek is a viable hydro power source and that a
full design effort is warranted. The project team is now actively working on a conceptual design
report for the project which will be complete in the spring of 2011. The CDR will flush out
remaining design, permitting and economic factors pertinent to the project. After the CDR is
completed and approved by the AEA, formal design of the facilities will begin.
Additional tasks under the Round II Grant Agreement that will move forward immediately are the
LIDAR mapping and the detailed geotechnical investigation of the Fivemile Creek basin. It is
anticipated that the field work for these efforts will be completed in October, 2010.
SECTION 8– LOCAL SUPORT
Discuss what local support or possible opposition there may be regarding your project. Include
letters of support from the community that would benefit from this project.
The proposed project is fully supported by the residents and local businesses (consumers), the
utility (owner/operator), and the local Corporation (land owner). Please see the grant
application cover letter submitted by the CEI President, Mr. Martin Finnesand, in support of the
project.
The utility has offered to provide free use of its limited spread of heavy equipment for the project.
In addition, the Corporation has agreed to donate the necessary land for the project. The
residents of Chitina are excited about the potential project; the idea of powering their community
with clean, renewable energy has energized the community.
Renewable Energy Fund
Grant Application Round IV
AEA11-005 Grant Application Page 19 of 20 7/21/2010
SECTION 9 – GRANT BUDGET
Tell us how much you want in grant funds Include any investments to date and funding sources,
how much is being requested in grant funds, and additional investments you will make as an
applicant.
Include an estimate of budget costs by milestones using the form – GrantBudget3.doc
Provide a narrative summary regarding funding sources and your financial commitment to the
project.
Chitina Electric Inc. is requesting $3,602,000 to fund the final design and construction of the
proposed Fivemile Creek Hydro Project. We understand AEA’s desire to complete the feasibility
phase of work prior to moving forward with construction funding. The project team has worked
diligently since the Round II grant award and has successfully proofed that the Fivemile Creek
drainage is a viable, year-round hydro resource.
Additional fieldwork (LIDAR mapping and Geotechnical Investigation), and the Conceptual
Design Report will be completed in 2011, prior to the Round IV grant awards. The award of
construction funding would allow for early procurement of long lead items such as the hydro
turbine and penstock materials to begin over the winter of 2011, in parallel with the final design
efforts. This project approach would avoid construction delays associated with procuring major
hydraulic machinery components, which can have lead times of several years.
Thank you for your consideration of Chitina Electric Inc.’s request for grant funding. The
project team is excited to continue work on this critical infrastructure improvement for the
community of Chitina.
A. Resumes
Your community.
Your resources.
Your world.
www.crweng.com
What makes us stand out
from other firms?
O ur Crew.
We go above and beyond to meet our clients’ needs and expectations on every project, whether for public
agencies, private developers, construction contractors, or community organizations. We value relationships,
and most of our clients are long-time repeat customers. - CRW is about people.
Our Services CRW delivers a broad range of services and a wide variety of project expertise. We are local to Alaska, with years of cold-weather
project experience in: transportation & transit, parks & trails, land & site development, power & fuel systems, water resources &
treatment, sewage collection & disposal, and storm water & wastewater collection & treatment. - CRW is about service.
In our work and in our volunteer efforts, CRW strives to have a positive influence on
our neighbors, be they in the house next door or on a remote island in the Aleutians.
Engineering is about working with people to create meaningful solutions, providing basic
services that improve the quality of life in the places where we live. CRW listens to our
neighbors’ needs, develops plans to address human and environmental factors, supports
community interests, and designs technical solutions to better our world.
- CRW is about community.Civil Engineering
Electrical Engineering
Planning & Public Involvement
Construction Administration
Land Surveying & Mapping
Our Staff
Our staff creates CRW’s spirit and personality. Our team is proud
to work at CRW. We have an open management style that builds
on the strength of our staff as individuals. Most importantly, we
operate as a team, collectively responsible for upholding our
mission. CRW emphasizes community and having fun. Whether
floating down the Kenai River on our annual raft trip, playing on
one of many sports teams, cleaning up trash for Adopt-A-Trail,
or helping out during United Way’s Day of Caring, we work
hard to play hard and contribute to Alaska’s communities.
- CRW is about teamwork.
“Our mission is to provide outstanding engineering
services through enthusiastic employees who work
in a fun environment and who recognize the impor-
tance of each and every client.”
Our Company
CRW Engineering Group, LLC. was founded in 1981 by Willy Van Hemert, PE. The founding philosophy of the firm was to become a viable part
of the engineering work force in Alaska by maintaining a high level of excellence in our work product and at the same time developing a satisfying
atmosphere and work environment for our staff.
The firm grew from three people in 1981 to a current full-time staff of 62 people. Our emphasis is on civil infrastructure projects, including
transportation, water and wastewater systems, parks and trails, fueling & energy facilities, site development and storm water collection and
treatment systems. We provide a full range of services from planning & permitting through construction management in more than 90 Alaska
communities. Our in-house capabilities include civil and electrical engineering as well as land surveying and mapping & public involvement.
www.crweng.com
Your community.
Your resources.
Your world.
CRW Engineering Group, LLC
3940 Arctic Blvd., Suite 300
Anchorage, AK 99503
p (907)562.3252 | f (907)561.2273
CRW ENGINEERING GROUP, LLC | Firm Profile
Your Community, Your Resources, Your World. Page | 1
Background |
CRW Engineering Group, LLC was established in 1981 and has been performing work in Alaska continuously for 28 years.
The organization started as a sole-proprietorship but converted to a Limited Liability Company in 2002. There are nine
active owners in the LLC.
CRW Firm Profile
The firm’s strengths are in utility and transportation development in urban and rural Alaska. CRW has a full-time staff of
61 people, including 22 registered civil engineers, one registered electrical engineer, four registered professional land
surveyors, 15 graduate engineers, a certified planner, 10 technicians, and two construction administrators. Thirteen
members of our staff have been with CRW for eight years or more, providing stability and continuity to our clients.
CRW’s client base is primarily governmental although we do perform services for select private sector clients. Primary
clients include the Municipality of Anchorage, State of Alaska (Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities
(ADOT&PF), Alaska Energy Authority (AEA), ADEC Village Safe Water (VSW) Program, the Alaska Native Tribal Health
Consortium (ANTHC), the Alaska Village Electrical Cooperative (AVEC), and a variety of municipalities throughout Alaska,
including Whittier, Seward, Valdez, Homer, Bethel, Juneau, and the Ketchikan Gateway Borough.
Facilities |
CRW is fully equipped with the latest technology to serve our clients, including individual workstations, and state-of-the-
art printers, scanners, servers, and other equipment. CRW maintains a public web site (www.crweng.com), a company
intranet, and an FTP site, which provides current information on key projects. Data integrity is provided by redundant file
server storage, battery backup power systems, daily tape backups, and offsite storage of backups.
CRW Firm Profile
Our computer system includes a gigabit Ethernet network with dual-screen workstations at each desktop and broadband
internet access. Data security is provided by robust firewalls, automatic virus protection, redundant file server storage,
daily backups and offsite data storage. We have four copiers, five scanners, and more than 15 monochrome and color
output devices for printing from letter size to E size (plotter). Our more than 12 digital cameras allow us to efficiently
document field conditions during the design and construction process. We have presentation equipment, including LCD
projectors, podium, speakers, wireless microphones, notebook computers, and display boards.
CRW uses the latest version of AutoCAD, AutoCAD Civil 3D, and Autodesk Design software for roadway and site design,
surveying, watershed modeling, and drafting. We also use the most current version of Land Design Desktop (LDD)
computer design and drafting software. We use Microsoft Office for correspondence, spreadsheets, and project
scheduling, and we use Adobe software for publishing and graphic design.
CRW’s survey department is equipped with efficient and reliable tools, including GPS receivers, robotic total stations, and
digital levels that allow us to perform survey tasks in a cost-effective manner. The use of this digital field equipment
reduces the potential for errors by streamlining data collection and minimizing manual data input. In some cases, a single
person can gather data. Our reflectorless distance meters reduce or eliminate the need to occupy a point to record its
location, which is especially helpful when physical access is difficult including on private property and near barriers. We
keep our fully equipped survey vehicles ready to go in our garage/shop located next to our midtown office. Our survey
crews travel with fully loaded notebook computers, enabling them to check data integrity prior to leaving the project
site.
CRW ENGINEERING GROUP, LLC | Firm Profile
Your Community, Your Resources, Your World. Page | 2
Project Experience |
CRW Engineering Group is an Anchorage-based consulting firm specializing in cold region and arctic engineering design
and application. The firm's strengths are in utility and transportation development for public and private sector clients.
Our expertise includes the following:
CRW Firm Profile
◦ Site development for major commercial buildings and subdivisions
◦ Bulk fuel facilities
◦ Rural power systems, including alternative energy systems
◦ Drainage facility design, including snow disposal facilities
◦ Water quality enhancements
◦ Road improvements
◦ Water and wastewater systems
◦ Recreational facilities, including parks, trails and stadiums
We offer a full range of services, including planning, project management services, surveying and mapping, design,
electrical engineering, and construction support, including rural community force account construction methods.
We have provided design for municipal water and wastewater treatment facilities ranging from small, modularized arctic
camps to full-size municipal systems in Alaska's major communities. We have extensive experience in water and sewer
system development throughout the state. Water system designs have included storage tankage, booster stations,
traditional buried water mains, recirculating water mains and above-ground arctic pipe systems. We also provide water
system modeling, leak detection analysis, and water system evaluations.
In the area of transportation, CRW provides planning as well as design for roadway systems ranging from urban
expressways to residential subdivisions. We have worked extensively with federal 3R (rehabilitation) projects as well as
the federal TEA-21 program through contracts with ADOT&PF. For the Municipality of Anchorage, we specialize in
arterial and collector roadways as well as major trail projects. CRW provides signal system design for major intersections,
roadway illumination systems, signing and striping, and traffic control plans associated with construction road closures.
CRW also provides design for bulk fuel facilities, fueling dispensing stations, and rural power systems. We have worked in
more than 20 rural communities and Anchorage on designing, permitting, and providing construction support for fuel
facilities. We have also evaluated and designed alternative energy systems using both wind energy and hydraulic power.
Our experience also encompasses site development projects, including commercial buildings, residential complexes and
municipal parks. CRW also designed the two outdoor artificial turf stadiums in Alaska.
Some of our more recent projects of interest include:
Design of a number of collector roadways in Anchorage including Kincaid Parkway, Elmore Road, Pine Street, E.84 and
Spruce, McRae and 35th, Independence Drive, Bayshore Subdivision and E Street.
Development of a number of parks and bike trails in Anchorage including Kincaid Park, the Campbell Creek trail, the Fish
Creek trail, the mid-town north-south trail and enhancements to the Coastal Trail. We are also designing transit and
pedestrian improvements in the University/Hospital area in Anchorage.
CRW ENGINEERING GROUP, LLC | Firm Profile
Your Community, Your Resources, Your World. Page | 3
Design for the rehabilitation of the Old Glenn Highway through Eagle River. We are currently
working on the segment from the North Eagle River exit to Peters Creek which also includes water and sewer upgrades.
Planning and design of major water improvements for the Northern Communities of Anchorage including lift stations and
water booster stations.
Design and construction management for two water treatment plants in Bethel. We are currently working with the
community in constructing a piped water and sewer system and designing an upgrade to their backbone sewer system.
Major water and sewer improvement projects in local Southcentral communities of Seward (master planning and water
extension), Whittier (new water and sewer system), and Valdez (water system extension, water storage).
Sanitation improvement projects in a number of rural communities including Napaskiak, Nunapitchuk, Kwinhagak,
Beaver, Tanacross, Klukwan, Twin Hills, Noorvik, Coffman Cove and Mekoryuk.
Multiple projects at the Anchorage International Airport (ANC) including master planning, taxiway upgrades, snow
disposal site development, and roadway and drainage improvements.
Bulk fuel and rural power system design and construction support for the Alaska Energy Authority in more than 15 rural
Alaska communities.
Replacement of the artificial turf at Anchorage Football stadium which was the furthest north installation of its kind. We
also designed a similar field for the City and Borough of Juneau at Kennedy-Adair School.
In addition to our technical accomplishments, CRW is also proud to be part of the Alaska community, supporting various
organizations and events, including participation in United Way’s Day of Caring, Adopt A Trail, support for local activities
and organizations, and funding of an annual Engineering Week College Scholarship.
CRW has also been one of the CENews Top 25 Best Firms To Work For for three years. Learn more about CRW at
www.crweng.com.
Utility Business Planning & Training
1 Experience & Expertise
AURORA CONSULTING
UTILITY BUSINESS PLANNING & TRAINING
EXPERIENCE & EXPERTISE
Aurora Consulting’s staff has many years of experience with community development and other
projects, preparing and submitting funding proposals and implementing community-based projects
throughout the state. We have provided organizations and communities with development plans,
grant-writing assistance, business plans, proposal development and project implementation
assistance essential to long-term success.
UTILITY PLANNING EXPERIENCE
Over the past 30 years, our staff has devoted a considerable amount of its individual business and
community economic development expertise solving the unique problems that present themselves in
the communities and businesses of rural Alaska. Of all the tasks we’ve undertaken, one of the most
prevalent has been the universal need for better utilization or management of community energy
resources or utilities.
For example, working with the Alaska Energy Authority, State of Alaska Village Safe Water and the
Alaska Village Electric Cooperative, our team has developed more than 100 operating plans for bulk
fuel facilities, electric utilities and water/wastewater utilities undergoing upgrades. Additionally, we
provided managerial monitoring and business skills training for approximately 75 bookkeepers and
managers for rural bulk fuel facilities and electric utilities. We have worked with Alaska's largest
utilities including the Anchorage Water and Wastewater Utility and Municipal Light and Power to
develop planning documents, policies and procedures and operations manuals. And, we have worked
with coalitions of utilities to advance their collective projects -- Chugachmiut-area villages to
develop a strategy for developing utility fees, communities and engineering firms developing new
alternative energy projects and Interior Alaska village utilities to assist them in establishing a utility
cooperative.
Sample client engagements for Aurora Consulting, and its principal Ann Campbell, include:
Alaska Energy Authority (AEA) – Rural Energy Project Business Planning, 2001 to Present
Aurora Consulting provides professional consulting services to the Alaska Energy Authority under a
Term Services Contract to assist the Alaska Energy Authority with the development of a Denali
Commission approved business operating plan template and associated documents for rural energy
projects. Aurora Consulting assists the Rural Energy Group with preparing templates for business
plans, operation and maintenance schedules, repair and replacement schedules, regulatory agency
coordination and other business related tasks for both the Bulk Fuel Upgrade program and the Rural
Power System Upgrade program. Additionally, Aurora Consulting provides follow-up monitoring
and evaluation of completed rural energy projects, as well as on-going business training and
development.
Additionally, working with the Alaska Energy Authority’s design/engineering term contractors,
Aurora Consulting has provided a variety of business planning services for rural bulk fuel and electric
utility operations, including the development of business operating plans for the communities of
Utility Business Planning & Training
2 Experience & Expertise
Akiachak, Akhiok, Akutan, Atka, Atmautluak, Beaver, Bettles, Buckland, Chalkyitsik, Chefornak,
Chenega Bay, Chignik Bay, Chitna, Clarks Point, Crooked Creek, Deering, Diomede, Egegik, Elfin
Cove, Ewkok, False Pass, Fort Yukon, Golovin, Gustavus, Hoonah, Iguigig, King Cove, Kokhanok,
Kongiganak, Koyukuk, Kwethluk, Kwigillingok, Karluk, Larsen Bay, Levelock, Manokotak,
Nanwalek, Napakiak, Nelson Lagoon, Newtok, Nikolski, Nikolai, Nelson Lagoon, Newhalen,
Newtok, Nikolski, Pedro Bay, Pelican, Point Baker, Port Lions, Pilot Point, Port Heiden, Ruby,
Seldovia, Stony River, Sleetmute, Takotna, Tenekee Springs, Tuluksak, Twin Hills, Tyonek,
Unalakleet, Venetie, White Mountain, Whitestone and many others.
Through the process of developing these services to the Alaska Energy Authority, Aurora Consulting
has worked closely with the rural communities, the Alaska Energy Authority and its contractors, and
the Denali Commission; performed a variety of research and analysis tasks; conducted interviews of
project participants and engineering firms; and communicated findings back in well organized and
understandable oral, written and electronic formats. The level of assistance provided requires
excellent communication skills and a broad understanding, interpretation and application of the
local, state and federal utility codes and regulations, operating policies and procedures and
application and governance of these at the local level.
STG, Inc. – Nome/Unalakleet Wind Energy Project Planning
Working with STG, Inc., our team developed an alternative energy grant application for a wind
energy project for Nome and Unalakleet and coalesced the myriad project elements into a
cohesive plan, identified and quantified economic and public project benefits and identified
project operational and maintenance costs as well as other operational issues. These efforts
resulted in an award of $8 million in grant funds for construction of the wind project.
Following up as the project was constructed, our team worked with STG, Inc. and the
Unalakleet Valley Electric Cooperative to develop a Wind Project Business Plan that provided a
guideline for the electric cooperative’s maintenance, operation and sustainability of the wind
project. The Plan included minimum estimates of operation and maintenance needs and costs,
general and administrative costs, depreciation and/or renewal and replacement needs and costs,
an average per kilowatt hour (kWh) charge and total electrical costs.
UTILITY TRAINING EXPERIENCE
Much of our experience includes training and teaching adult learners new skills, processes and
concepts. Whether it is teaching a group of people how to function as a Board or a Council, a group
of first-time business owners how to develop marketing strategies or schooling adults on the finer
points of managing a utility’s/facility’s business, our team works to bring out the best methods for
problem solving or to stimulate creating thinking as the end result. We develop training programs
that are customized to meet a client’s needs. Programs range in size and scope and may include a
three-day customer service training for a hotel property, a 40-hour business skills training for rural
utility managers or a two-day marketing training for small business owners. We develop highly
engaging, interactive training programs geared to today's adult learners. We specialize in presenting
complex concepts in a manageable, understandable manner, thereby allowing for a broader and more
successful readership or training experience. Our expertise in communicating a difficult idea from a
more understandable perspective, allows for more people to "get it."
Sample client engagements for Aurora Consulting, and its principal Ann Campbell, include:
Utility Business Planning & Training
3 Experience & Expertise
Management Guides: Electric Utility/Bulk Fuel Upgrade Business Operating Plan" – April 2008
Under the guidelines of Denali Commission funding, a funded energy project is required to have a
business plan that outlines how the Denali Commission-funded project will be operated and
maintained and how the facility will be replaced and renewed over a period of years - 40 years for
rural energy projects. Aurora Consulting has assisted the AEA and rural communities with the
development of over 75 business operating plans as well as follow-up classroom and on-site business
plan training. As part of the training effort, Aurora Consulting developed a "Management Guide: Bulk
Fuel Upgrade Business Operating Plan" and a "Management Guide: Electric Utility Upgrade Business Operating
Plan" to provide management information and tools for a variety of business management topics -
including reporting requirements, price-setting, fuel inventory management, budgeting and
depreciation.
For many rural utility managers and bookkeepers, this is a first-time introduction to these
complicated, multi-step procedures and practices. Aurora Consulting specializes in
presenting complex concepts in a manageable, understandable manner, thereby allowing for
a broader and more successful readership or training experience. Our expertise in
communicating a difficult idea from a more understandable perspective allows for more
people to "get it." Taking the accounting concept of "depreciation" for example, and breaking
it down into very basic terms has been extremely successful in the AEA training settings and
manuals.
Bulk Fuel/Electric Utility Bookkeeper/Manager Training Courses – 2004 to 2010
Alaska Energy Authority/State of Alaska, Dept of Community & Economic Development
Aurora Consulting, and its principal Ann Campbell, conducted Bulk Fuel Bookkeeper/Manager
Training courses for the Alaska Energy Authority (AEA) and the State of Alaska, Department of
Community and Economic Development (DCED) utilizing the AEA/DCED training materials.
These courses included the material on financial management, personnel management,
accounting and bookkeeping (including budgeting, chart of accounts, setting up accounts,
accounts receivable and accounts payable), operations management and bulk fuel facility
business operating plans referenced in the RFP (which were developed by Aurora Consulting
under contract to DCED in 2004). Subsequently, in 2008, Aurora Consulting, under contract to
the Alaska Energy Authority, developed a Bulk Fuel Business Training class and an Electric
Utility Business Training class which combined the concepts and materials from the manager
class and the bookkeeping class. The audiences for these classes were rural Alaskan adults who
were either working, or would be working, for a bulk fuel facility that had a required business
operating plan as a condition to receiving funding for an upgrade to their facility. Each of these
courses was 32 hours and averaged 12-14 participants. Subsequent follow-up technical
assistance was provided in their home communities – including (1) an assessment of current bulk
fuel management identifying areas of need and noncompliance with Denali Commission
approved business operating plans, and (2) technical assistance in areas identified by the
assessment. Aurora Consulting worked closely with AEA staff with the coordination of course
development and delivery and outcomes of follow-up training.
Bulk Fuel Manager Training - May 2004, May 2005, November 2005, April 2007
Bulk Fuel Bookkeeper Training - May 2004, April 2005, October 2005, March 2007
Electric Utility Manager/Bookkeeper Training – April 2007
Bulk Fuel Business Training - April 2008, November 2008
Electric Utility Business Training - May 2008, March 2009
QUALIFICATIONS
HYDROELECTRIC PROJECTS
DESIGN, UPGRADE, MAINTAIN, CONSTRUCT
C F MALM ENGINEERS LLC
5511 Sixth Avenue South
Seattle, Washington 98108
cfme@cfmalm.com
Page 1 of 10
QUALIFICATIONS STATEMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CORPORATE HISTORY 2
SERVICES OFFERED 4
STAFF RESUMES 5
C.F. Malm 5
Stephen C. Spaulding 6
Benjamin D. Bottoms 7
PROJECT REFERENCES 8
CF Malm Engineers LLC
Founded 1985
Seattle, Washington
Page 2 of 11
CF Malm Engineers LLC
CORPORATE HISTORY
C F Malm Engineers LLC is a professional consulting engineer, and system
integrator founded in 1985, Mr. C. F. Malm, Principal has forty years
hydroelectric control experience with one hundred hydroelectric projects in
sizes from 15 kW to 600MW.
Much of CFME’s work is sole source because of our specialized experience.
C F Malm Engineers’ business model is a unique paradigm. We have a broad
range of capabilities with a repertoire of proven solutions that can be applied to
various problems. However, we always keep in mind the economic value to the
owner.
1. We make the analysis effort to determine the true nature of the problem,
which is not always what the client believes it is.
2. We find a way to quantify and measure the problem and possible
solution in terms of the universal denominator, money.
3. We use in-house resources only when we have the specific expertise
required, otherwise we find qualified suppliers and subcontractors.
4. We want risks to be manageable so we are not interested in speculative
solutions.
5. We do well coordinating various resources.
6. Finally, we remind ourselves and prospective clients, that we offer
results and not our time.
CFME accepts unique assignments. Our projects often require close
coordination between engineering and the actual doing. For that reason, we
maintain capability to subcontract specialized craft labor required for difficult
projects.
Some of the difficult factors often encountered:
• Coordinate the work with operating facilities
• Maintain continuous water supply
• Maintain confined space safety precautions
• Limited access makes work labor intensive requiring careful planning.
• Coordinate work such to avoid stacking trades in the work area.
Page 3 of 11
CF Malm Engineers LLC
HISTORY, CONT.
PROJECT OWNERS
• Water and Electric Utilities - 10
• City, County, State and PUD - 31
• Design Professionals - 11
• Prime Contractors - 21
• Federal Agencies - 7
US Fish and Wildlife Services
US Bureau of Reclamation
US Army Corps of Engineers
• Projects are located Coast-to-Coast, Alaska, Hawaii, and Overseas.
Distance is never a problem
The CFME staff gains hands-on hydroelectric expertise from maintenance
contracts, which include mechanical and electrical equipment.
The maintenance and operations experience enables the staff to understand the
hydro plant operators and owners perspective.
MAINTENANCE AND OPERATIONS CLIENTS
• Douglas County, Oregon, Galesville
• City of Ashland, Oregon, Reeder Gulch
• City of Cove, Oregon, Cove Hydro
• Mt. Pleasant Utah, Units 1, 2, 3, and 4
• Idaho Water Resources Board, Dworshak Small Hydro Energy Recovery
Facility
Page 4 of 11
CF Malm Engineers LLC
SERVICES OFFERED
• Water-to Wire Hydroelectric Design
• Acceptance & Index Tests
• Rehabilitation & Upgrade Controls
• Commissioning Services
• Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition
• Construction & Project Management
• Control Board Design & Modifications
• Mechanical Installation & Upgrades
• Vibration Analysis
• Maintenance Contracts and Operations
• Feasibility Studies
• Project Review
• Design-Build Construction
QS Alaska 8-14-10
C F MALM ENGINEERS LLC
5511 Sixth Avenue South
Seattle, Washington 98108
Phone (206) 270 0450
Fax (206) 270 0449
E-mail cfme@cfmalm.com
B. Cost Worksheet
Renewable Energy Fund Round 4
Project Cost/Benefit Worksheet
RFA AEA11-005 Application Cost Worksheet Page 1 7-21-10
Please note that some fields might not be applicable for all technologies or all project
phases. The level of information detail varies according to phase requirements.
1. Renewable Energy Source
The Applicant should demonstrate that the renewable energy resource is available on a
sustainable basis.
Annual average resource availability. 2.04 GWh (based on 5.0cfs design flow, 1.65cfs
winter minimum—see data pg 16 Polarconsult
report dated May 2, 2008
Unit depends on project type (e.g. windspeed, hydropower output, biomasss fuel)
2. Existing Energy Generation and Usage
a) Basic configuration (if system is part of the Railbelt1 grid, leave this section blank)
i. Number of generators/boilers/other 3 diesel generators
ii. Rated capacity of generators/boilers/other 117, 117, 54 kW
iii. Generator/boilers/other type Diesel generation
iv. Age of generators/boilers/other 2 years
v. Efficiency of generators/boilers/other 13.9 kWh per gallon on diesel fuel
b) Annual O&M cost (if system is part of the Railbelt grid, leave this section blank)
i. Annual O&M cost for labor 30,000
ii. Annual O&M cost for non-labor 20,000
c) Annual electricity production and fuel usage (fill in as applicable) (if system is part of the
Railbelt grid, leave this section blank)
i. Electricity [kWh] 513,590 (FY 2010 Figures)
ii. Fuel usage
Diesel [gal] 36,868
Other
iii. Peak Load 115kW
iv. Average Load 59kW
v. Minimum Load
vi. Efficiency 13.9 kWh per gallon of diesel fuel
vii. Future trends
d) Annual heating fuel usage (fill in as applicable)
i. Diesel [gal or MMBtu] None
ii. Electricity [kWh]
iii. Propane [gal or MMBtu]
iv. Coal [tons or MMBtu]
v. Wood [cords, green tons, dry tons]
1 The Railbelt grid connects all customers of Chugach Electric Association, Homer Electric Association, Golden Valley Electric
Association, the City of Seward Electric Department, Matanuska Electric Association and Anchorage Municipal Light and Power.
Renewable Energy Fund Round 4
Project Cost/Benefit Worksheet
RFA AEA11-005 Application Cost Worksheet Page 2 7-21-10
vi. Other
3. Proposed System Design Capacity and Fuel Usage
(Include any projections for continued use of non-renewable fuels)
a) Proposed renewable capacity
(Wind, Hydro, Biomass, other)
[kW or MMBtu/hr]
300kW Hydro-electric
b) Proposed annual electricity or heat production (fill in as applicable)
i. Electricity [kWh] 2.0 gWh
ii. Heat [MMBtu]
c) Proposed annual fuel usage (fill in as applicable)
i. Propane [gal or MMBtu]
ii. Coal [tons or MMBtu]
iii. Wood [cords, green tons, dry tons]
iv. Other None
4. Project Cost
a) Total capital cost of new system $3,825,000.00
b) Development cost $580,000.00
c) Annual O&M cost of new system $ 50,000.00
d) Annual fuel cost $0
5. Project Benefits
a) Amount of fuel displaced for
i. Electricity 37,000 gal/year
ii. Heat 25,000 gal/year
iii. Transportation
b) Current price of displaced fuel $219,750/year (Assuming $3.55/gallon)
c) Other economic benefits Excess generation capacity is intended to be utilized
for community heating fuel displacement. O&M on the
diesel generation will be significantly reduced.
Emissions and noise from the diesel plant will be
reduced.
d) Alaska public benefits
6. Power Purchase/Sales Price
a) Price for power purchase/sale $0.60/kWh
7. Project Analysis
Renewable Energy Fund Round 4
Project Cost/Benefit Worksheet
RFA AEA11-005 Application Cost Worksheet Page 3 7-21-10
a) Basic Economic Analysis
Project benefit/cost ratio 1.5
Payback (years) 17 years
C. Grant Budget Form
Renewable Energy Fund Grant Round IV Grant Budget Form
Summary
9/15/2010
Source of Matching
Funds:
Cash/In-kind/Federal
Grants/Other State
Grants/Other
(List milestones based on phase and type of project.See
Attached Milestone list. )
Summary of Costs
Reconnaissance $0 $0 $0
Feasibility $185,000 (Round II RE)$0 $185,000
Design and Permitting $395,000 (See Note 1)$500,000 Land $895,000
Construction $3,325,000 $0 $3,325,000
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
TOTALS $3,905,000 $500,000 $4,405,000
Direct Labor & Benefits $50,000 $50,000
Travel & Per Diem $25,000 $25,000
Equipment $42,000 $42,000
Materials & Supplies $18,000 $18,000
Contractual Services $665,000 $665,000
Construction Services $3,105,000 $3,105,000
Other $500,000 Land $500,000
TOTALS $3,905,000 $500,000 $4,405,000
Notes:
Milestone or Task
Anticipated Completion
Date TOTALS
Budget Categories:
1. $140,000 funded from RE Round II + $95,000 from RE Round IV
RE- Fund Grant Funds Grantee Matching Funds
Renewable Energy Fund Grant Round IV Grant Budget Form
Reconnaissance
9/15/2010
RE- Fund Grantee Matching
Source of Matching
Funds:
Grant Funds Funds
Cash/In-kind/Federal
Grants/Other State
Grants/Other
(List milestones based on phase and type of project.See
Attached Milestone list. )
Reconnaissance
"Preliminary Evaluation of Hydropower Alternatives
for Chitina, Alaska" APA Completed (1981)
"Chitina Hydro Evaluation " EPS Completed (2003)
"Fivemile Creek Inspection and Concept Design "
Polarconsult.Completed (2007)
TOTALS $0 $0 $0
Direct Labor & Benefits
Travel & Per Diem
Equipment
Materials & Supplies
Contractual Services
Construction Services
Other
TOTALS $0 $0 $0
Notes:
Budget Categories:
1. Reconnaissance is essentially complete with the exception of land use, permitting, and environmental analysis that will be
covered in the Conceptual Design Report and Design & Permitting.
Milestone or Task
Anticipated Completion
Date TOTALS
Renewable Energy Fund Grant Round IV Grant Budget Form
Feasibility
9/15/2010
RE- Fund Grantee Matching
Source of Matching
Funds:
Grant Funds Funds
Cash/In-kind/Federal
Grants/Other State
Grants/Other
(List milestones based on phase and type of project.See
Attached Milestone list. )
Feasibility
Conceptual Design Report (CDR)
(Includes; Identification of land and regulatory
issues, preliminary permitting and environmental
analysis, conceptual design analysis and cost
estimate, final report and recommendations)
7/15/2011 $115,000 $115,000
Geotechnical Investigation and Report 7/15/2011 $50,000 $50,000
Conceptual business and operations plan 6/15/2011 $20,000 $20,000
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
TOTALS $185,000 $0 $185,000
Direct Labor & Benefits $0
Travel & Per Diem $0
Equipment $0
Materials & Supplies $0
Contractual Services $185,000 $185,000
Construction Services $0
Other $0
TOTALS $185,000 $0 $185,000
Notes:
Milestone or Task
Anticipated Completion
Date TOTALS
Budget Categories:
Renewable Energy Fund Grant Round IV Grant Budget Form
Design and Permitting
9/15/2010
RE- Fund Grantee Matching
Source of Matching
Funds:
Grant Funds Funds
Cash/In-kind/Federal
Grants/Other State
Grants/Other
(List milestones based on phase and type of project.See
Attached Milestone list. )
Design and Permitting
Permitting and Final environmental assessment 5/15/2012 $15,000 $15,000
Land acquisition 5/15/2012 $500,000 $500,000
Site Control 5/15/2012 $65,000 $65,000
65% Design 2/15/2012 $180,000 $180,000
Final Design 7/15/2012 $120,000 $120,000
Final business and operational plan $15,000 $15,000
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
TOTALS $395,000 $500,000 $895,000
Direct Labor & Benefits $0
Travel & Per Diem $0
Equipment $0
Materials & Supplies $0
Contractual Services $395,000 $395,000
Construction Services $0
Other (Land)$500,000 $500,000
TOTALS $395,000 $500,000 $895,000
Notes:
Milestone or Task
Anticipated Completion
Date TOTALS
Budget Categories:
Renewable Energy Fund Grant Round IV Grant Budget Form
Construction
9/15/2010
RE- Fund Grantee Matching
Source of Matching
Funds:
Grant Funds Funds
Cash/In-kind/Federal
Grants/Other State
Grants/Other
(List milestones based on phase and type of project.See
Attached Milestone list. )
Construction
Bid documents and contractor selection 11/15/2012 $10,000 $51,228
Administration NA $150,000 $150,000
Construction Tasks:
Improvements to Fivemile Mine Road and Construction
of access road along penstock route 9/30/2013 $350,000
Intake / Diversion Structure 7/30/2014 $105,000 $146,850
Blasting at Intake and Portions of penstock route 9/30/2013 $250,000
Low Pressure HDPE Penstock 9/30/2013 $350,000 $391,547
High Pressure Welded Steel Penstock 8/30/2014 $1,030,000 $1,071,881
Edgerton Highway penstock crossing 8/15/2014 $35,000
Powerhouse Building (20'x20')10/30/2013 $270,000 $311,577
Turbine 6/15/2014 $330,000 $371,805
Electrical Controls and Transmission Line 8/30/2014 $385,000 $426,881
Final Testing and Project Close Out 9/15/2014 $60,000 $101,897
TOTALS $3,325,000 $0 $3,325,000
Direct Labor & Benefits $50,000 $50,000
Travel & Per Diem $25,000 $25,000
Equipment $42,000 $42,000
Materials & Supplies $18,000 $18,000
Contractual Services $270,000 $270,000
Construction Services $2,920,000 $2,920,000
Other $0
TOTALS $3,325,000 $0 $3,325,000
Notes:
Milestone or Task
Anticipated
Completion Date TOTALS
Budget Categories:
D. Letter Demonstrating Local Support
F. Authorized Signers Form
G. Resolution
Figures
CHITINA
RUSSIA
ANCHORAGE
NOME
KOTZEBUE
BARROW
JUNEAU
FAIRBANKS
CANADA
KODIAK
BETHEL
UNALASKA
5%#.'%1//70+6;/#2)4#2*+%
5%#.'5+6'2.#0)4#2*+%
Updated Hydrologic Data
Polarconsult, Alaska Inc.Five Mile Stream Flow ReportAugust, 20101 of 1Fivemile Creek Estimated Stream Flow and Power OutputAugust 2010050100150200250300350Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecMonthPower Output (kW)0.010.020.030.040.050.060.0Daily Average Stream Flow (cfs)Power Output (300kW Project)Stream Flow (Est.)
POLARCONSULT ALASKA, INC. REGIONAL HYDROELECTRIC INVESTIGATION
CHITINA, ALASKA
FINAL REPORT
MAY 2, 2008 PAGE i
R EGIONAL H YDROELECTRIC
I NVESTIGATION
C HITINA, A LASKA
F INAL R EPORT
May 2, 2008
Prepared by
polarconsult alaska, inc.
1503 West 33rd Avenue, Suite 310
Anchorage, Alaska 99503
Phone: (907) 258-2420
Prepared for
ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY
813 West Northern Lights Blvd.
Anchorage, Alaska 99503
Contracting Agency
LCMF
615 East 82nd Ave., #200
Anchorage, Alaska 99518
POLARCONSULT ALASKA, INC. REGIONAL HYDROELECTRIC INVESTIGATION
CHITINA, ALASKA
FINAL REPORT
MAY 2, 2008 PAGE i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACRONYMS AND TERMINOLOGY .....................................................................................................III
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..........................................................................................................................1
1.0 INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
1.1 PROJECT EVALUATION PROCESS ..................................................................................................3
1.2 SUMMARY OF INVESTIGATIONS ....................................................................................................4
1.3 CHITINA PROJECTED ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................5
1.4 COMMUNITY BACKGROUND .........................................................................................................6
2.0 PREVIOUS STUDIES ...................................................................................................................7
2.1 LIBERTY CREEK ...........................................................................................................................7
2.2 FIVEMILE CREEK ..........................................................................................................................7
2.3 TROUT LAKE ................................................................................................................................8
2.4 FOX CREEK ..................................................................................................................................8
2.5 O'BRIEN CREEK............................................................................................................................8
3.0 SELECTED PROJECT ANALYSIS ..........................................................................................10
3.1 O'BRIEN CREEK, LOW HEAD PROJECT .......................................................................................10
3.2 O'BRIEN CREEK, HIGH HEAD PROJECT ......................................................................................12
3.3 FIVEMILE CREEK ........................................................................................................................15
3.4 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN ................................................................................................................16
4.0 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................19
5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS........................................................................21
6.0 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................23
TABLES
TABLE 1 - PROJECT CONFIGURATIONS AND MINIMUM OUTPUTS ....................................................................9
TABLE 2 - O'BRIEN CREEK LOW HEAD COST ESTIMATE ...............................................................................11
TABLE 3 - O'BRIEN CREEK LOW HEAD PROJECT SUMMARY .........................................................................11
TABLE 4 - O'BRIEN CREEK, HIGH HEAD COST ..............................................................................................14
TABLE 5 - O'BRIEN CREEK, HIGH HEAD CONFIGURATION ............................................................................14
TABLE 6 - FIVEMILE CREEK PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS .................................................................................16
TABLE 7 - FIVEMILE CREEK COST ESTIMATE ................................................................................................18
TABLE 8 - ECONOMIC SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................19
FIGURES
FIGURE 1. VICINITY MAP ...............................................................................................................................2
FIGURE 2. O'BRIEN CREEK, LOW HEAD PROJECT MAP ..................................................................................3
FIGURE 3. O'BRIEN CREEK, HIGH HEAD PROJECT MAP .................................................................................4
FIGURE 4. FIVEMILE CREEK PROJECT MAP ....................................................................................................5
POLARCONSULT ALASKA, INC. REGIONAL HYDROELECTRIC INVESTIGATION
CHITINA, ALASKA
FINAL REPORT
MAY 2, 2008 PAGE ii
PROJECT PHOTOS
PHOTO 1. O'BRIEN CREEK, LOW HEAD PROJECT INTAKE SITE
PHOTO 2. O'BRIEN CREEK CANYON AT FOX CREEK.
PHOTO 3. O'BRIEN CREEK, HIGH HEAD INTAKE
PHOTO 4. O'BRIEN CREEK, HIGH HEAD INTAKE
PHOTO 5. O'BRIEN CREEK, HIGH HEAD INTAKE LOCATION BEFORE FLOOD
PHOTO 6. O'BRIEN CREEK, HIGH HEAD INTAKE AREA AFTER FLOODING
PHOTO 7. O'BRIEN CREEK, HIGH HEAD INTAKE AREA AFTER FLOODING
PHOTO 8. BANK EROSION NEAR FROM INTAKE
PHOTO 9. DOWNSTREAM VIEW OF UPPER RIDGE ON O'BRIEN CREEK
PHOTO 10. UPSTREAM VIEW OF UPPER RIDGE ON O'BRIEN CREEK
PHOTO 11. VIEW OF SECOND RIDGE ON O'BRIEN CREEK
PHOTO 12. SECOND RIDGE ON O'BRIEN CREEK
PHOTO 13. O'BRIEN CREEK POWERHOUSE SITE, HIGH HEAD PROJECT
PHOTO 14. SLIDES ALONG COPPER RIVER HIGHWAY
PHOTO 15. SLIDES ALONG COPPER RIVER.
PHOTO 16. ROAD ADJACENT TO FIVEMILE CREEK
PHOTO 17. EXPOSED ROCK FORMATION, FIVEMILE PROJECT
PHOTO 18. FIVEMILE AERIAL PHOTO.
PHOTO 19. FIVEMILE CREEK, POSSIBLE INTAKE SITE.
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A, HYDROLOGY ANALYSIS
APPENDIX B, GEOTECHNICAL REPORT, SHANNON WILSON
APPENDIX C, SUMMARY OF FLOODING IN SOUTHCENTRAL ALASKA, OCTOBER, 2006. USGS
POLARCONSULT ALASKA, INC. REGIONAL HYDROELECTRIC INVESTIGATION
CHITINA, ALASKA
FINAL REPORT
MAY 2, 2008 PAGE iii
ACRONYMS AND TERMINOLOGY
AEA Alaska Energy Authority
APA Alaska Power Administration
ATV All terrain vehicle
cfs cubic feet per second
CVEA Copper Valley Electrical Association
EPS Electric Power Systems, Inc.
ft feet
HDPE high-density polyethylene
in inch
kVA kilovolt-amp
kW kilowatt
kWh kilowatt-hours
LCMF LCMF, LLC
LIDAR Light Detection and Ranging
mi mile
PCE Power Cost Equalization Program
Polarconsult Polarconsult Alaska, Inc.
USGS United States Geological Survey
POLARCONSULT ALASKA, INC. REGIONAL HYDROELECTRIC INVESTIGATION
CHITINA, ALASKA
FINAL REPORT
MAY 2, 2008 PAGE 1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This report has been prepared at the request of Alaska Energy Authority (AEA), Rural
Energy Group. Its purpose is to assist in the evaluation of hydropower resources
available to the community of Chitina, Alaska. Based on field investigations, analysis of
resource suitability, and community power needs, recommendations have been provided
for additional investigation and development activities.
The continued investigation of O’Brien Creek was the initial intent of this project and
required field activities to select a project configuration among the alternatives presented
in the O’Brien Creek Hydroelectric Conceptual Design Report (Polarconsult, 2005). A
record flood in 2006 (USGS, 2006) caused drastic changes to the stream bed, resulted in
slope stability problems, and caused landslides along the proposed penstock alignment
and Copper River Highway effectively cutting off access to the project. In addition,
discontinuous permafrost was found along the penstock and access alignment. It became
apparent that a re-evaluation of the conceptual design and cost assumptions was required.
The primary focus of this report is the continued evaluation of the O’Brien Creek
resource and a preliminary review of Fivemile Creek and other creeks to determine the
best potential hydro project alternative. The end result is a more comprehensive review
of the hydropower alternatives for Chitina.
Fivemile Creek was originally not pursued as a project alternative because a 4 mile
transmission line was required and it was reported that there was little or no discernable
stream flow in the winter time. Since the 2005 analysis, an extension of the power line
from Chitina to a new diesel powerhouse located at the airport (immediately adjacent to
Fivemile Creek) is planned and will be completed in the near future. As a result, the
economic viability of the Fivemile project is improved and prompted further
consideration during this investigation.
Field reconnaissance of the Fivemile project in 2007 suggests that it is a favorable
alternative to the O’Brien Creek project in several respects. The benefits include existing
access, better soil conditions, and a nearby interconnection point to the electric grid. In
addition, the smaller size of the project makes it a better fit for Chitina’s current electric
requirements. The project is currently envisioned as having a design output of 300 kW
and a minimum winter output of 110 kW. An economic analysis of the project indicates
is has a benefit to cost ratio of 2.0 in a “growth” scenario and 1.3 in a “no growth”
scenario.
Given the current economic and technical difficulties of constructing a project on O'Brien
Creek, investigative efforts would be more efficiently spent evaluating a project on
Fivemile Creek. It is concluded that further evaluation of the potential for hydropower
on Fivemile Creek is warranted.
Further investigative activities on Fivemile Creek should include:
· Installation of a stream gauge near the intake location
· Stream flow measurement to correlate weir readings at the culvert
POLARCONSULT ALASKA, INC. REGIONAL HYDROELECTRIC INVESTIGATION
CHITINA, ALASKA
FINAL REPORT
MAY 2, 2008 PAGE 2
· A Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) survey of the area suitable for project
layout
· Preliminary geotechnical investigation
· Identification of regulatory requirements
· Preparation of a conceptual design report
· Development of a project cost estimate
· Refinement of project economics
The cost to perform these investigative activities is estimated to be $100,000-$150,000
and will be used to prepare a conceptual design report and refine the project cost
estimate.
POLARCONSULT ALASKA, INC. REGIONAL HYDROELECTRIC INVESTIGATION
CHITINA, ALASKA
FINAL REPORT
MAY 2, 2008 PAGE 3
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The Alaska Energy Authority (AEA), Rural Energy Group is pursuing the evaluation of
hydroelectric projects for the community of Chitina, Alaska, in order to lower energy
costs. The increasing costs are the result of escalating costs of diesel generation upon
which the community currently depends. Through the use of a renewable hydroelectric
resource, the community will benefit from long-term independence from the escalating
costs of diesel.
To achieve this goal, AEA has taken steps to identify the most suitable hydroelectric
projects available to the community. This has required the review of existing studies of
alternatives, a conceptual evaluation of desirable project alternatives, initial field
investigations, and finally a more detailed evaluation of those projects that are most likely
to satisfy the electrical generation needs of the community. Each of these evaluations
required a careful review of project configurations, costs, and benefits to make an
equitable comparison between projects, resulting in a determination of the project most
appropriate and economical for Chitina.
This report details previous studies, field investigations, analysis of project configurations
and resource availability, and a review of community power needs. The summary of
previously investigated projects provides a comprehensive understanding of the
alternatives that had been explored. The investigative work has been an iterative effort to
further identify the best hydro resource available to the community. The initial project
focus was the continued investigation of potential hydro projects on O’Brien Creek due
to its large water resource and its capability to meet the long-term electrical needs of the
community. The report provides detailed characteristics of the O’Brien and Fivemile
Creek projects and a detailed hydrology analysis. In addition, recommendations have
been provided to guide the additional investigation and activities necessary to proceed
with the development of a hydroelectric project to meet Chitina's needs.
Figures attached with the report include a vicinity map (Figure 1) that shows the location
of Chitina, the drainage basins being considered for hydro development, and the nearby
United States Geological Survey (USGS) stream flow gauging sites. Figures 2 through 4
show the location of each of the most favorable project alternatives.
Polarconsult Alaska, Inc. prepared this report under the August 30, 2007 proposal,
September 21, 2007 notice to proceed, and subsequent changes in scope requested by
AEA. The work was coordinated through the term contract between LCMF, LLC and
AEA.
1.1 PROJECT EVALUATION PROCESS
The selection and evaluation of hydro projects suitable for construction is an iterative
process that involves several steps. Evaluation of prospective hydro projects began with
the selection of superior projects by using existing data and reports. This effort primarily
was based on finding a project that could provide sufficient power to meet the energy
needs of the community and then considering the technical feasibility and associated cost
of the project. Those projects that could provide sufficient power and could be
constructed within reasonable economic limitations were submitted to AEA for further
POLARCONSULT ALASKA, INC. REGIONAL HYDROELECTRIC INVESTIGATION
CHITINA, ALASKA
FINAL REPORT
MAY 2, 2008 PAGE 4
consideration. Numerous potential projects that initially appeared feasible have been
conclusively eliminated through this process.
The process resulted in the recommendation to further evaluate O’Brien Creek for its
hydroelectric potential. In coordination with AEA, several data gathering and review
iterations were necessary to evaluate the O’Brien Creek project configurations with the
best potential to provide hydropower to the community. As a part of this process, AEA
requested the scope of the investigation be expanded to include the evaluation of
Fivemile Creek.
1.2 SUMMARY OF INVESTIGATIONS
The initial review and analysis of a potential hydro project on O'Brien Creek began in
September 2004. A review of existing studies, maps, and potential project configurations
was undertaken. Potential projects were identified and an aerial field trip via helicopter
was arranged in October 2004 to visually investigate the terrain conditions.
Following the 2004 field trip, Polarconsult coordinated the collection of Light Detection
and Ranging (LIDAR) data for the project area to further evaluate project options
including access, penstock, and transmission routes. LIDAR data provides a detailed
image of the ground topography. Due to the vast area of the site, this data was used to
cost-effectively evaluate the surface conditions. In December of 2004, the LIDAR data
was used to develop a more detailed and reliable evaluation of project alternatives.
A Conceptual Design Report (Polarconsult, 2005) was completed that outlined the
various project options based on the selection of the preferred project intake site. The
project configurations being considered offered alternatives for site access, power house
location, and transmission considerations. The report included a project cost estimate and
recommendations for further work that included selection among these alternatives along
with stream flow and geotechnical investigations.
In April of 2005, a field trip was conducted to assess the minimum stream flow available
at the preferred project intake site. The measurement of the minimum stream flow is
critical to evaluating the ability of the project to meet the power needs of the community.
This trip also afforded the opportunity to evaluate the terrain near the intake site as well
as along the proposed project routes by helicopter. The visual assessment during this
field trip also served to validate the LIDAR data.
Subsequent to the 2005 field trip, local reports of severe landslides along the Copper
River Highway prompted a reconsideration of the option that sited the powerhouse and
the project access route near Eskilida Creek. The extensive nature of the slides
eliminated those options and forced a reassessment of the project and associated costs.
In October of 2007, a geotechnical and more detailed investigation of the remaining
project options was undertaken. As part of this work, a comprehensive review of project
alternatives for O’Brien Creek was conducted. During this investigation, significant
changes in the site conditions were identified resulting from a severe flood in 2006
(USGS, 2006). The flood resulted in landslides and slope stability concerns near the
proposed intake and along the first mile of the penstock route. The landslides along the
Copper River Highway required the penstock to bridge O’Brien Creek near the
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powerhouse. In addition, the discovery of permafrost conditions along the penstock route
required another reassessment of the project and associated costs.
During the same field investigation, a brief evaluation of Fivemile Creek was conducted.
This change in project scope was performed in recognition of the fact that the feasibility
of a hydro project on Fivemile would avoid many of the difficulties encountered on
O’Brien Creek. Although a Fivemile Creek project is significantly smaller than O’Brien
Creek, it was recognized to have the potential to meet the current power needs of the
community for a much lower cost. The decision was made by AEA to utilize the
mobilized design team and available helicopter to evaluate the feasibility of developing a
hydro project on Fivemile Creek.
The findings of the O’Brien fieldwork were summarized in a brief report (Polarconsult,
2007a) that enumerated the significant construction challenges and the anticipated
increases in project costs associated with developing a hydro project on O'Brien Creek.
As a result, other more favorable hydro alternatives were focused on.
A separate and similarly brief report summary of the Fivemile Creek project was also
prepared that included some basic hydrology information and field observations. It was
concluded that the low winter stream flow in Fivemile Creek was critical to assessing the
potential value of the project. In order to progress in a timely manner with the new focus
on Fivemile Creek, a plan involving local residents constructing and monitoring a weir to
verify winter low stream flows on Fivemile Creek was undertaken during the winter of
2007 and 2008.
The results of the 2007 investigations of the O’Brien Creek project, Fivemile Creek
project, and other relevant previous work are presented in this report.
1.3 CHITINA PROJECTED ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS
The current and projected electrical requirements for Chitina were required to determine
the adequacy of the proposed hydroelectric project to meet the electrical needs of the
community. A projection was summarized in the Chitina Rural Power System Upgrade
report (LCMF, 2005). The findings of this report and current information have been
provided in this summary.
The findings of the LCMF report indicated a 189 kW absolute peak demand at the end of
FY2015. This was based on an increase in the demand based on 6-year historical
population growth for Chitina of 3.26% plus a step increase in demand of 68 kW (peak)
related to the tie-in of the Chitina Airport to the existing community.
These conclusions are augmented by information provided by the Fiscal Year 2007
Statistical Report of the Power Cost Equalization Program (PCE) which provides data for
the period from July 1, 2006 to June 30, 2007, and by information from Mr. Martin
Finnesand, the power plant operator for Chitina Electric. The 2007 PCE report shows
that the community used 33,789 gallons of fuel at an average cost of $2.52 per gallon.
Each gallon of fuel produced 13.34 kWh of electricity. The total generation was about
450,086 kWh which is equivalent to a continuous power output of 51.4 kW.
For a community load profile, the absolute peak demand overestimates power usage.
The calculation of the probable peak was made to anticipate long-term peak loads.
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Discussions with Mr. Finnesand indicated that the current peak demand is approximately
75 kW. This does not include the additional loads that will come when the power line
extension is constructed to the airport, which is expected to be approximately 30 kW
(factored peak) for the clinic and DOT maintenance facility. Applying the 3.26% growth
factor applied to the current 75 kW peak demand plus an estimated 30 kW peak results in
a 124 kW probable peak for FY2015.
The peak demand in Chitina occurs during the summer and winter. The summer peak is
caused by the seasonal increase in population and the increased refrigeration loads to
freeze salmon caught by the residents and summer visitors. The timing of the summer
peak load is ideal for a run-of-river hydroplant, as it has more than sufficient capacity
since water flows increase greatly during the summer.
1.4 COMMUNITY BACKGROUND
Chitina is located on the west bank of the Copper River at its confluence with the Chitina
River, at mile 34 of the Edgerton Highway, 53 miles southeast of Copper Center. Chitina
was established in the early 1900s as a support town for mining in Kennicott but was
nearly abandoned after the mine shut down in 1938. The 2000 census population was
123.
The climate in Chitina is characterized by long, cold winters and relatively warm
summers. Total annual precipitation averages 12 inches. Temperature extremes from a
low of -58 to a high of 91 degrees Fahrenheit have been recorded (Alaska Community
Database, 2008).
During the summer, subsistence dipnetting for salmon on the Copper River brings a large
number of Alaskans from Anchorage and other areas of the state. Employment is
primarily with the village council, village corporation, or the National Park Service.
Many residents are self-employed or work in retail establishments. The summer influx of
fishermen, tourists, and campers provides some cash income through fish guiding and
other services.
The terrain near Chitina is rugged, with the Chugach Mountains rising steeply from the
banks of the Copper River. A series of small lakes is located in the narrow valley along
the Edgerton Highway between the townsite and the airport. A bridge crosses the Copper
River at the townsite leading into the Wrangell St. Elias National Park and the road to
McCarthy and the Kennicott Mine. The park on the east side of the Copper River near
the bridge consists of National Wilderness and Preserve areas.
South of Chitina, the Edgerton Highway becomes the Copper River Highway. This is an
unimproved trail accessible by four wheel drive and all terrain vehicles (ATVs). In the
1920s, it was the alignment of a railroad track that extended to Cordova, crossing the
Copper River via the Million Dollar Bridge. The old railroad grade has not been
maintained and recent flooding has taken out bridges and caused landslides that have
effectively blocked travel between O’Brien and Eskilida Creeks.
Chitina is accessible by road system and the small airport. The driving distance from
Valdez to Chitina is 116 miles. Driving distance from Anchorage is 247 miles. The
Chitina Airport has a 2,850-foot gravel runway.
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2.0 PREVIOUS STUDIES
Previous reports considered many possible configurations and locations for hydroelectric
projects near Chitina. The U.S. Department of Energy and the Alaska Power
Administration (APA) performed a study in 1981 evaluating four potential hydroelectric
sites within 10 miles of Chitina (APA, 1981). The study included an evaluation of the
feasibility of an intertie between Chitina and the Copper Valley Electrical Association
(CVEA) system at Tonsina as well.
The APA study concluded that there were no reasonably developable small hydro sites in
Chitina given the combined economics of providing transmission and distribution and the
low power demand. The study suggested that a more favorable solution was to construct
a larger hydro (500 kW) on Fivemile or Liberty Creek along with the intertie. The excess
energy from the hydro would be sold back to CVEA during the summer to offset the cost
of the hydro and local distribution system.
A study of an intertie was performed by Electric Power Systems, Inc. (EPS) to determine
the possible routing and estimated costs for a single-phase overhead tieline from Lower
Tonsina to Chitina along the Edgerton Highway (EPS, 2003a). This intertie would
connect Chitina’s existing distribution system to CVEA’s single-phase distribution line.
The total cost to construct this line was estimated at $2,190,960 (EPS, 2003a). The cost
of the line was compared to the cost of a replacement generation plant and was concluded
to be cost prohibitive.
The following is a summary of several different projects that have been considered for
hydro development.
2.1 LIBERTY CREEK
The APA report examined a project on Liberty Creek below the falls. This project was
configured with 250 feet of head with the pipe suspended from the canyon walls.
Minimum winter production would be approximately 60 kW.
The presence of a State Recreation Site at Liberty Falls is anticipated to be a substantial
impediment to obtaining approval to build a project. To permit the project, the falls
would have to be avoided, limiting design options. A project could be entirely located
upstream of the falls, but the creek is in a deeply incised canyon for several miles making
construction and access a significant difficulty.
Another option that was not considered in the APA report was to lengthen the penstock
and place the powerhouse on the banks of the Copper River, netting approximately 550
feet of head. This configuration would produce about 130 kW in the winter and have a
capacity of 300 kW. This option would have a 6,500-foot pipeline with a 6-mile
transmission line. The high cost of the transmission line alone is expected to result in the
project not being economically viable.
2.2 FIVEMILE CREEK
APA found that Fivemile Creek could support a hydro plant in the summer but did not
expect enough water in the winter to make development worthwhile. Additionally, at the
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time of the report, a 4-mile transmission line would have been required to connect to
Chitina Electric. The project considered by APA had 300 feet of head. Such a project
would have a minimum winter power production of 30 kW. This would require the diesel
plant to run most of the winter to handle peak loads.
Another alternative for Fivemile Creek was a high head configuration. This
configuration utilizes an intake at an elevation of about 1,570 feet and a powerhouse
located at about 530 feet. This option would produce a minimum power output of about
110 kW in the winter and would be designed for a maximum output of about 300 kW.
This is the option that is more thoroughly investigated, and ultimately recommended,
later in this report.
2.3 TROUT LAKE
The existing hydroelectric project on Trout Lake has never been fully operational due to
problems keeping the siphon portion of the penstock from leaking air. EPS prepared the
Chitina Hydro Evaluation report (EPS, 2003c). This report details the investigation of
the existing hydro and evaluates the feasibility of bringing the system back into service.
EPS initially recommended bringing the project online if the costs to do so were minimal.
The EPS report states that the Francis turbine output is 63 to 85 kW at a net head of 82 to
121 feet and flow of 11.3 to 12.7 cubic feet per second (cfs). The actual output of the
Trout Lake hydro under full output was found to be 52 kW. The report found the cost to
restore operation of the hydro to be approximately $50,000. This was under the
assumption that the penstock air leaks could be easily repaired. After consideration of the
EPS report, the conclusion reached by LCMF was that the Trout Lake project was not
worth pursuing as a possible hydropower resource for Chitina.
The capacity of the turbine on Trout Lake, about 60 kW, is not indicative of the ultimate
value of this resource. The amount of water on a yearly basis is very limited due to the
small drainage area. Coupled with the very poor efficiency of a Francis turbine at low
operational flows, the potential winter power production is essentially zero. The limited
output and other operational considerations combined with the relatively high cost and
uncertainty of restoring operation warrant, as a minimum, delaying any investment into
this project until further analysis of the Fivemile project is completed.
2.4 FOX CREEK
APA also investigated the potential for a project on Fox Creek. Helicopter over flights,
and later review of LIDAR data, confirmed the conclusion by APA investigators that the
canyon was too steeply incised to effectively construct a project there.
2.5 O'BRIEN CREEK
The APA report considered a project located along the lower reaches of O'Brien Creek.
This project sited the intake location above the Fox Creek discharge and the powerhouse
downstream from the Fox Creek discharge. Net head was estimated to be approximately
300 feet with a 2,700-foot-long pipeline.
Polarconsult reviewed this project using LIDAR data and found that approximately 5,300
feet of pipeline would be required to obtain 300 feet of head. The intake elevation would
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be at approximately 850 feet, with the powerhouse at 550 feet. This option would
generate 220 kW in the summer and have a minimum power output of about 80 kW in the
winter. The transmission line associated with this project would be about 2.3 miles long.
Polarconsult evaluated other design configurations for hydropower on O'Brien Creek
(Polarconsult, 2005). These were high head options that considered the intake sited at an
elevation of about 1,950 feet and powerhouse located on either the Copper River or
somewhere along the lower reaches of O'Brien Creek. These options would have the
ability to produce significantly more power than the low head options. Depending on the
turbine size selected, this option could generate 470 kW in the summer and have a
minimum power output of about 390 kW in the winter.
The higher head option, with a substantial amount of extra energy available, was the
primary focus of investigations upon which this report is based. The LIDAR data
indicated that such a project appeared feasible and would be accessible via a road access
located about 2 miles south of the O'Brien Creek mouth near Eskilida Creek.
Both options on O'Brien Creek are discussed in more detail in the sections to follow.
Table 1 compares the various project configurations.
Table 1 - Project Configurations and Minimum Outputs
Location Basin area Head Min. Flow Min. Output
(sq mi) (ft) (cfs) (kW)
O'Brien low head 34.0 300 4.43 80
O'Brien high head 31.8 1500 4.13 390
Liberty Creek 27.9 550 3.63 130
Fivemile low head 13.2 300 1.73 30
Fivemile high head 12.6 1040 1.65 110
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3.0 SELECTED PROJECT ANALYSIS
Several hydro projects were considered for further analysis based on the potential to meet
the power needs of the community and be economically viable. The selected projects
were analyzed to determine if further investigation was appropriate. The projects
considered under this section are low head and high head project configurations on
O'Brien Creek and an analysis of a high head project on Fivemile Creek.
3.1 O'BRIEN CREEK, LOW HEAD PROJECT
A low head project that located the intake and powerhouse in the canyon near the
discharge of Fox Creek was considered by APA.
The project envisioned by APA, and considered here, is described using the LIDAR data
gathered and differs slightly from the APA report due to more accurate topographic
information (Figure 2). The intake location for this project is at an elevation of about 850
feet. Siting the intake another 600 feet further upstream could net additional head;
however, the bank on the west side gets very steep and a large outcropping exists that
imposes a practical limitation for access. The APA report placed the powerhouse near
Fox Creek at an elevation of 620 feet. Since a road is required for intake access, a better
solution is to locate the powerhouse further downstream at an elevation of about 550 feet.
This adds about 2,300 feet of penstock but reduces the transmission line length.
The field visit in 2007 afforded only a brief aerial look into this option. Based on
pictures and video, the intake site is rocky and gravelly with what appears to be a
significant amount of talus material coming off both banks. Construction of an access
road on the west bank will encounter the same soil conditions that were found higher up
in the drainage, namely unstable glacial till. Such soil conditions will make long-term
maintenance of and access to the intake difficult.
The intake location may present the problem of establishing an effective water cutoff due
to the potential for significant amounts of permeable material at the base of the creek bed
(Photo 1). This can make the collection of low water flows difficult.
The pipeline and access road would need to be adequately protected from slides and
erosion of the embankment (Photo 2). Enough loose material exists so that trenching
appears feasible; however, the material may not be suitable for backfill without
screening. A culvert or bridge over Fox Creek will be required as well.
The powerhouse site has enough area to adequately be located above flood stage and is
not on a steep slope. The transmission line would likely follow the access road.
Overall, this low head option for O'Brien Creek is more economical than the higher head
options evaluated. However, the project is expected to be more expensive and would
likely have a higher maintenance cost than a project on Fivemile Creek due to the narrow
and difficult canyon conditions and transmission line costs. Additionally, it is expected to
produce less power than Fivemile Creek. Should conditions on Fivemile Creek turn out
not to be very favorable, then a closer look at this project is worthwhile.
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In comparison to the high head option on O'Brien Creek, this lower head project would
be better for just meeting Chitina's current energy needs.
Table 2 - O'Brien Creek Low Head Cost Estimate
Description Cost
Materials
Pipe $ 238,500
Turbine $ 150,000
Controls $ 70,000
Intake $ 85,000
Powehouse $ 80,000
Transmission $ 287,500
Access $ 50,000
Labor $ 250,000
Equipment $ 150,000
Shipping $ 150,000
Subtotal $1,511,000
Contingency (25%) $ 380,000
Subtotal $1,891,000
Profit/Overhead (25%) $ 470,000
Engineering $ 210,000
Administrative $ 70,000
Total $2,641,000
Table 3 - O'Brien Creek Low Head Project Summary
Basin Area 34.1 sq mi
Winter Minimum Flow 4.6 cfs
Design Flow 17.0 cfs
Pipeline Length 5,300 ft
Nominal Pipeline Dia 18 in
Transmission Length 12,350 ft
Intake Elevation 850 ft
Powerhouse Elevation 550 ft
Static Head 300 ft
Dynamic Head 220 ft
Design Power Output 220 kW
Winter Power Output 80 kW
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3.2 O'BRIEN CREEK, HIGH HEAD PROJECT
Several high head project configurations have been proposed for O’Brien Creek. The
Polarconsult 2005 report recommended a project where the powerhouse was located
along the banks of the Copper River about 1½ mile downstream from the mouth of
O'Brien Creek (Figure 3). An access road was to be constructed 0.5 miles to the south
that was to follow an existing ATV trail. Access to the project and the transmission route
required the use of the Copper River Highway. Given the large amount of power that was
available with the high head project, this option appeared to be the most favorable.
Since the field investigation in 2005, extensive slide activity has occurred on the Copper
River Highway between the mouth of O'Brien Creek and the proposed powerhouse
location. The slide has been described as a major obstacle that will remain unstable for a
considerable time. The high cost and dangerous conditions* associated with the slide
have, for the time being, precluded further consideration of this alternative. For this
reason, a closer look at other options was undertaken in 2007.
* "…repairing the original slide was going to cost an estimated $10 million and it’s gotten a lot
worse since — it’s not safe to work on the road. 'We had a hydrologist go look at it, and he said
the whole mountain is unstable,' Thies said. 'I don’t see any way you can put that thing back in
shape.' " Fairbanks Daily News-Miner, March 12, 2007.
The fieldwork in 2007 primarily focused on finding a new powerhouse location and
project access route to avoid the slide area. The other alternatives considered locating the
powerhouse somewhere along the lower reach of O'Brien Creek with access ascending in
the same area. Additional work during the field trip involved evaluating soil conditions,
intake locations, and construction issues.
During the 2007 field trip, several conditions were encountered that affected previous
project concept design and cost assumptions:
1. It was discovered that the flood event of 2006 (USGS, 2006) completely reshaped
the intake area (Photos 4-8) and caused new landslides and slope stability
problems along the proposed pipeline route (Shannon Wilson, 2007).
2. The soil conditions along the penstock route were found to be poor with broad
areas of bog and discontinuous permafrost requiring more costly construction
methods.
3. The steep initial ascent of the access road would require the use of a winch line
and a helicopter to move personnel, equipment, and materials, resulting in
additional costs to access the project during construction and future maintenance.
Relocation of the powerhouse required crossing O'Brien Creek with the high pressure
pipe over a bridge able to withstand the 2006 flood and increasing the total pipeline
length by about 3,000 feet for a total of 18,500 feet. The transmission line would be
reduced by 1.3 miles for a total length of about 2.0 miles.
The project cost estimate was also affected by the presence of permafrost soils identified
along the penstock and access route (Shannon Wilson, 2007). Once disturbed, these soils
can thaw, creating pools of water and areas of active soil movement. If widespread, the
permafrost will dramatically slow the progress of pipeline installation. Where there is
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permafrost, anchors need to be installed to keep the pipe from floating when empty and to
provide restraint at bends and on slopes. A separate maintenance access route may be
necessary after initial construction to avoid subsequent bogs and poor soil strength where
the pipeline disturbance has melted the permafrost.
Both the additional access difficulties and the presence of poor soils significantly
complicated the design, construction, and maintenance aspects of the project. The
consequence of this is a large increase in the planning, engineering, and administrative
efforts. Similarly, due to unforeseen construction risk, the contingency costs also
increase substantially.
The extensive erosion, landslides, and slope stability concerns resulting from the 2006
flood also affect the project costs. The intake area was found to be inundated with
alluvial material. As a result, it is expected to be more difficult to capture low stream
flows.
The floods caused undercutting and large landslides along the side hill that the original
design called for benching the pipeline in. The unstable slopes dictate that the pipe
should now be buried at the base of the side hill along the edge of the creek. This will
require thicker wall high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe buried at a greater depth in
the flood prone area to withstand higher pressures and boulders in the backfill. To
maintain the same project power output, the pipe diameter will need to be increased to
compensate for the thicker walls.
As a result of these findings, the construction cost of a high head project is significantly
higher than previously estimated. An estimate of the total project cost for the high head
project with the powerhouse located on O'Brien Creek is presented in Table 4 with the
project specifications shown in Table 5.
The development of a high head project is not economical based on the cost and current
power requirements of Chitina. If a market for significantly more power were available,
this project would warrant further consideration. Such a project may have a rated
capacity anywhere between 900 kW and 2500 kW.
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Table 4 - O'Brien Creek, High Head Cost
Description Cost
Diversion / Intake / Desander $150,000
Penstock $600,000
Powerhouse/Turbine/Generator $300,000
Access and Bridge $75,000
Power Transmission System $420,000
Equipment $560,000
Labor $375,000
Shipping $200,000
Subtotal Direct Costs $2,680,000
Contingency (25%) $670,000
Subtotal Estimated Cost $3,351,000
Overhead & Profit (25%) $838,000
Total Construction Cost $4,188,000
Engineering $350,000
Construction Management $165,000
Total Project Cost $4,703,000
Table 5 - O'Brien Creek, High Head Configuration
Basin Area 31.8 sq mi
Winter Minimum Flow 4.1 cfs
Design Flow 6.5 cfs
Pipeline Length 18,500 ft
Nominal Pipeline Dia 12 in
Transmission Length 17,600 ft
Intake Elevation 1,950 ft
Powerhouse Elevation 450 ft
Static Head 1,500 ft
Dynamic Head 1,130 ft
Design Power Output 470 kW
Winter Power Output 390 kW
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3.3 FIVEMILE CREEK
A project on Fivemile Creek was evaluated and is presented as the recommended project
for further investigation (Figure 4).
The initial review presented in the APA report indicated that a Fivemile Creek project
lacked sufficient water to generate enough power for local needs during the winter. In
addition, the project required a 4-mile extension of the transmission line to connect with
the community.
The impediments to developing Fivemile Creek were considered in 2005 and prompted
the investigation of a project on O’Brien Creek. O’Brien Creek was known to have more
than enough water to meet the power generation needs for Chitina, even during the
lowest flows of spring. At that time, the presumed location for the new diesel power
plant was in the town of Chitina, which would have required a 4-mile transmission line to
connect Fivemile to the city grid. As a result, a project on O'Brien Creek was considered
to be more feasible.
The high cost of developing O'Brien Creek and the decision to locate the new diesel
power plant near the airport prompted a more detailed review of the Fivemile Creek
project. During the 2007 field trip, an aerial reconnaissance of the Fivemile project area
was performed and a short excursion was undertaken to search for a possible intake
location and pipeline route out of the steeply incised canyon.
Analysis of the project indicated that a high head option for the project was the only way
to provide sufficient power to justify development of the project. This required
placement of the intake site near the 1,570-foot elevation contour. Aerial inspection of
the site indicated the possibility of mild side slopes suitable for a penstock route that was
not apparent during the prior review of topographic maps.
Considering Fivemile Creek as a potential alternative location for a hydroelectric facility
focused on the availability of water for power generation. Based on the findings of the
hydrological investigation (Appendix A), there appears to be enough water to make a
project viable on Fivemile.
The field inspection focused on a project with an intake elevation of 1,570 feet and a
powerhouse located near the Copper River at an elevation of about 530 feet. The choice
of intake location was based on review of the USGS contour map and a brief aerial
observation that confirmed more suitable terrain at the higher elevations. A handheld
GPS and altimeter was used to locate the possible intake location. An existing four wheel
drive trail that ascends the drainage on the ridge on the north side of the creek was used
to ascend to an elevation of approximately 1,450 feet followed by a foot survey to the
creek.
The terrain encountered included flat benches with soil and medium-sized spruce trees
and rock cliffs. The predominant terrain was a slight to moderate side hill (slopes of
about 2.5:1) with dense spruce and dead fall over soil. Active erosion, landslides, or
slope instability were not observed.
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It was concluded that a good probability of finding a penstock alignment could be
benched to avoid significant rock excavation. However, this initial impression is based
on visual observation and needs to be verified.
Below the intake site, Fivemile Creek flows through a confined canyon that becomes
more incised in the downstream direction. At the intake site, the creek is confined tightly
on the south side (opposite the pipeline side) by canyon-like cliffs and steep slopes. The
north bank at the intake, which is where the pipeline would traverse, had some exposed
rock but did have a stretch of flat to slightly sloped ground that may have consisted of
large alluvial material. The flat ground gave way to a steep slope and some cliffs about
100 feet away from the creek. Above the intake site, the north bank of the creek rises
steeply again then appears to flatten out again. Just downstream from the intake site, the
north bank appears to remain relatively flat and accessible for some distance.
The Fivemile Creek project would be high head with about 1,040 feet of elevation drop
between the intake and powerhouse. This project is able to produce 300 kW of electricity
at a flow of 5 cfs. The Fivemile Creek Project specifications are presented in Table 6.
Table 6 - Fivemile Creek Project Specifications
Basin Area 12.65 sq mi
Winter Minimum Flow 1.65 cfs
Design Flow 5.0 cfs
Pipeline Length 8,500 ft
Nominal Pipeline Diameter 12 in
Transmission Length 2,000 ft
Intake Elevation 1,570 ft
Powerhouse Elevation 530 ft
Static Head 1,040 ft
Dynamic Head 940 ft
Design Power Output 300 kW
Winter Minimum Output 110 kW
Annual Potential Energy 2.04 GWh
Estimated Cost* $2,010,000
*Approximate estimate of costs based on assumed site conditions to be verified by further investigation.
3.4 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
The Fivemile Creek intake area is fairly narrow and appears to be confined in a bedrock
channel that will allow for a relatively simple diversion to capture flows. Although the
total project flow is only 5 cfs, the small dam and intake will require a design to support
the occasional extreme flood with large trees and boulders being carried downstream.
However, site conditions suggested that the area withstood the 2006 floods without
significant bed or bank changes and channel meandering. Additionally, in the winter, a
substantial amount of glaciation is anticipated. As such, the dam and intake will be
subject to significant ice loads. Additional design features should include a pool deep
enough to prevent freezing of the slow moving water down to the streambed and
insulation to minimize heat loss.
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A significant amount of dead wood and spruce needles should be expected in the stream
flow. A self-cleaning screen system will be required to keep debris from entering the
pipeline. Power at the intake site is required to operate screening systems. A head level
control system will be required to monitor water availability.
The section of penstock extending approximately 3,200 feet from the intake is envisioned
to traverse the hillside until it crosses the existing four wheel drive trail. As described
above, the embankment on the north side of the intake is relatively flat, leaving sufficient
room to establish an access trail and pipeline bench. Collection of topographic survey
data will determine the best location for the pipeline and access route and, subsequently,
the intake location.
An inspection of the soil conditions was made along the four wheel drive access trail that
ascends from the Edgerton Highway up to the peak of the mountain on the north side of
Fivemile Creek. This trail leads to an abandoned mine. Only a few sections of the trail,
primarily close to the highway, have appreciable topsoil. Most of the trail was rocky with
large cobbles and occasional patches of exposed bedrock. The bedrock appeared
competent. If insufficient soil or loose rock is found along the pipeline route then burial
may be quite difficult. However, a gravel pit is located along the trail approximately ½
mile from the highway (per discussions with Martin Finnesand), and may serve as a
source of material for bedding, padding, and mounding the pipeline. Sufficient burial is
important for this project in order to obtain low-cost pipeline protection from movement
and insulation to guard against freezing.
HDPE pipe could be used for the 3,200-foot low pressure section. Steel pipe is required
for the remaining high pressure section. Once the traverse is completed out of the creek
canyon, there are several pipeline route options. The topography is at a 12% to 18%
grade.
This large potential area will dictate a thorough investigation to find the best route to
minimize construction and maintenance costs. A LIDAR survey of the area is
recommended to avoid terrain features shown on the low resolution USGS quad map.
A future geotechnical investigation along the proposed pipeline route should be done with
the intent of minimizing rock excavation and identifying good natural bedding
conditions. This route almost certainly will not coincide with the existing four wheel
drive trail. Crossing the Edgerton Highway will also be required. It is expected that the
pipeline will be buried under the highway.
The suggested powerhouse location was chosen to maximize the static head while
avoiding airport property. The final location selected should address these considerations
along with long-term erosion potential of the banks of the Copper River, vehicle access to
the powerhouse, pipeline alignment, transmission line length, and the pipeline crossing
location of the Edgerton Highway.
The State of Alaska Department of Fish and Game does not list Fivemile Creek as an
anadromous stream. Visual inspection of the mouth of the creek also indicates that this
stream is not suitable fish habitat. Therefore, the tailrace does not need to drain back into
Fivemile Creek. This will also simplify permitting requirements.
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Table 7 - Fivemile Creek Cost Estimate
Item Amount
Materials
Pipe $ 220,000
Turbine $ 150,000
Controls $ 70,000
Intake $ 50,000
Powerhouse $ 60,000
Transmission $ 50,000
Labor $ 200,000
Equipment $ 150,000
Shipping $ 150,000
Subtotal $1,100,000
Contingency (25%) $ 280,000
Subtotal $1,380,000
Profit/Overhead (25%) $ 350,000
Engineering $ 210,000
Administrative $ 70,000
Total* $2,010,000
*Approximate estimate of costs based on assumed site conditions to be verified by further investigation.
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4.0 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
A comparative analysis of the O’Brien high head project and the Fivemile Creek high
head project alternatives were made against the projected diesel generation costs. Based
on this comparison, the Fivemile Creek project is superior to the O’Brien Creek project.
Further, the Fivemile Creek project will more than pay for itself in savings in fuel that
would otherwise have been used in the diesel plant.
The following assumptions were used to make this analysis:
Item Value
Fuel use in FY2007 33,789 gallons (AEA, 2008)
Fuel cost for 2008 $3.70 per gallon (Data from Martin Finnesand)
Increased demand on Airport tie-in 30 kW*
Total Yearly Energy from Airport 25,000 kWh *
Current peak demand for community 75 kW (Data from Martin Finnesand)
Power generated in FY2007 450,586 kWh/yr (AEA, 2008)
Annual increase in energy growth 3.26%/year (LCMF, 2005)
Loan payment period 30 years
Real discount rate 3% (AEA Alternative Energy RFP, Dec. 6, 2007)
* Energy usage is estimated. A 25-kW genset can carry the DOT State Maintenance Facility Loads, and 5
kW is the estimate for the Clinic. Assumed average load is about 3 kW. Based on conversation with
Martin Finnesand.
For the purposes of this comparison, the analysis used the current peak demand of 75 kW
plus the 30 kW probable demand for the Chitina Airport tie-in. Based on load growth
projections, the calculation for peak demand growth was made with the 75 kW demand
escalating for 30 years at a rate of 3.26% per year (LCMF, 2005).
The total energy demand used in these calculations is the FY2007 power generated
(450,586 kWh) plus the assumed static demand of 25,000 kWh from the airport and
clinic. Daily peak load requirements and subsequent diesel use were factored in as well.
Present worth values were then calculated based on the value of fuel displaced for diesel
generation by the respective hydro project. The following table summarizes the
construction costs, projected value of fuel saved, and the benefit to cost ratio under
different growth scenarios.
Table 8 - Economic Summary
Project Construction Cost No Growth 3.26% Growth
Savings PV* B/C** Savings PV* B/C**
O'Brien, High Head $ 4,703,000 $ 2,600,000 0.6 $ 4,100,000 0.9
O'Brien, Low Head $ 2,641,000 $ 2,500,000 0.9 $ 3,500,000 1.3
Fivemile*** $ 2,010,000 $ 2,600,000 1.3 $ 3,900,000 1.9
* PV = Present value at real discount rate.
** B/C Benefit to cost ratio.
***Approx. est. of costs based on assumed site conditions to be verified by further investigation.
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This analysis did not include the potential benefits gained by using excess electricity for
heating or other purposes. The heating value of surplus electricity produced by the
projects can positively affect their economic values, offsetting local use of heating fuel.
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5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The 2007 field investigation provided additional information to evaluate the O’Brien
Creek hydro project alternatives. The field investigation also included the Fivemile
Creek project. This report includes a summary of previous projects in the area as well as
further evaluation of the O’Brien and Fivemile Creek alternatives.
Previously unidentified field conditions resulted in a significant change in the design
concept and cost assumptions for the proposed configurations on O’Brien Creek. These
changes were the result of a record flood in 2006 (USGS, 2006) that caused drastic
changes to the stream bed, resulted in slope stability problems, and caused landslides
along the proposed penstock alignment and Copper River Highway. The landslides along
the highway effectively cut off access to the project. In addition, discontinuous
permafrost was found along the penstock and access alignment. These conditions
required a re-evaluation of the conceptual design and negatively affected the project
economics and construction risks.
A preliminary investigation of Fivemile Creek was conducted to evaluate the
hydroelectric potential of the resource. A previous analysis of the Fivemile project
required the construction of a 4-mile-long power line to Chitina. Since the 2005 analysis,
an extension of the power line from Chitina to a new diesel powerhouse located at the
airport (immediately adjacent to Fivemile Creek) is planned and will be completed in the
near future. As a result, the economic viability of the Fivemile project is improved and
prompted further consideration during this investigation.
Field reconnaissance of the Fivemile project suggests that it is a favorable alternative to
the O’Brien Creek projects in several respects. The benefits include existing access,
better soil conditions, and a nearby interconnection point to the electric grid. In addition,
it is the lowest estimated cost and the best fit for Chitina’s current electric requirements.
This results in favorable economics and significantly reduced construction risks.
A comparative analysis of the project alternatives was made against the projected diesel
generation costs. Based on this comparison, the Fivemile Creek project is superior to the
both O’Brien Creek projects. Further, should the electrical load increase as predicted by
LCMF, the Fivemile project remains the superior project in terms of economics and
ability to meet Chitina's energy needs.
The project on Fivemile Creek is currently envisioned as having a design output of 300
kW and a minimum winter output of 110 kW. The construction cost of the Fivemile
Creek project is $2,010,000. The Fivemile Project has a benefit to cost ratio of 2.0 in a
“growth” scenario and 1.3 in a “no growth” scenario.
Continued investigative efforts should focus on evaluating the potential of a hydro project
on Fivemile Creek.
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Further investigative activities on Fivemile Creek should include:
· Installation of a stream gauge near the intake location
· Stream flow measurement to correlate weir readings at the culvert
· A Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) survey of the area suitable for project
layout
· Preliminary geotechnical investigation
· Identification of regulatory requirements
· Preparation of a conceptual design report
· Development of a project cost estimate
· Refinement of project economics
The cost to perform these investigative activities is estimated to be $100,000-$150,000
and will be used to prepare a conceptual design report and refine the project cost
estimate.
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6.0 REFERENCES
AEA (Alaska Energy Authority). 2008. Statistical Report of the Power Cost Equalization
Program, Fiscal Year 2007. February.
Alaska Community Database, Community Information Summaries (CIS). 2008.
http://www.dced.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CF_CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_Name=Chitina
APA (U.S. Department of Energy and Alaska Power Administration). 1981. Preliminary
Evaluation of Hydropower Alternatives for Chitina, Alaska. February.
EPS (Electric Power Systems, Inc.). 2003a. Chitina Electric Power Generation and
Delivery System Inspection. March.
EPS. 2003b. Lower Tonsina to Chitina Single Phase Overhead Tieline Feasibility Report.
July.
EPS. 2003c. Chitina Hydro Evaluation. August 28.
Fairbanks, Morse & Co. 1981. Hydraulic Handbook. First Edition.
LCMF. 2005. Conceptual Design Report, Chitina Rural Power System Upgrade, Draft
Revision 1. September 6.
Polarconsult (Polarconsult Alaska, Inc.). 2005. O’Brien Creek Hydroelectric Conceptual
Design. March 21.
Polarconsult. 2007a. O’Brien Creek Hydroelectric. October 31.
Polarconsult. 2007b. Fivemile Creek Inspection and Concept Design. October 31.
Shannon Wilson. 2007. O’Brien Hydroelectric Project, Geotechnical Report. November
14.
USGS (United States Geological Survey). 2006. Summary of Flooding in Southcentral
Alaska. October. http://ak.water.usgs.gov/flood/2006October/index.php
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FIGURES
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PROJECT PHOTOS
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PROJECT PHOTOS
PHOTO 1. O'BRIEN CREEK, LOW HEAD PROJECT INTAKE SITE ..............................................................................2
PHOTO 2. O'BRIEN CREEK CANYON AT FOX CREEK...............................................................................................3
PHOTO 3. O'BRIEN CREEK, HIGH HEAD INTAKE ....................................................................................................4
PHOTO 4. O'BRIEN CREEK, HIGH HEAD INTAKE ....................................................................................................4
PHOTO 5. O'BRIEN CREEK, HIGH HEAD INTAKE LOCATION BEFORE FLOOD ..........................................................5
PHOTO 6. O'BRIEN CREEK, HIGH HEAD INTAKE AREA AFTER FLOODING...............................................................6
PHOTO 7. O'BRIEN CREEK, HIGH HEAD INTAKE AREA AFTER FLOODING...............................................................7
PHOTO 8. BANK EROSION NEAR FROM INTAKE ......................................................................................................8
PHOTO 9. DOWNSTREAM VIEW OF UPPER RIDGE ON O'BRIEN CREEK ..................................................................9
PHOTO 10. UPSTREAM VIEW OF UPPER RIDGE ON O'BRIEN CREEK ....................................................................10
PHOTO 11. VIEW OF SECOND RIDGE ON O'BRIEN CREEK ....................................................................................11
PHOTO 12. SECOND RIDGE ON O'BRIEN CREEK ...................................................................................................12
PHOTO 13. O'BRIEN CREEK POWERHOUSE SITE, HIGH HEAD PROJECT ..............................................................13
PHOTO 14. SLIDES ALONG COPPER RIVER HIGHWAY ...........................................................................................14
PHOTO 15. SLIDES ALONG COPPER RIVER...........................................................................................................15
PHOTO 16. ROAD ADJACENT TO FIVEMILE CREEK ...............................................................................................16
PHOTO 17. EXPOSED ROCK FORMATION, FIVEMILE PROJECT..............................................................................17
PHOTO 18. FIVEMILE AERIAL PHOTO...................................................................................................................18
PHOTO 19. FIVEMILE CREEK, POSSIBLE INTAKE SITE...........................................................................................19
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Photo 1. O'Brien Creek, Low Head Project Intake Site
Taken from a screen capture of a video recording, this is a view looking upstream towards
the assumed location of the intake for the low head project on O'Brien Creek. Note the
fractured rocky embankment and unstable slopes. Capturing low water flows will be
difficult due to substrate permeability. (2007 Polarconsult)
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Photo 2. O'Brien Creek Canyon at Fox Creek.
View upstream along the pipeline route of the low head O'Brien Creek project. Access and
penstock bench would be located along the right side of the stream. (2007 Polarconsult)
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Photo 3. O'Brien Creek, High Head Intake
Creek bed and banks during flow measurement at intake area before flood. Photo taken just upstream from the intake and is looking
downstream. (2005 Polarconsult)
Photo 4. O'Brien Creek, High Head Intake
Photo was taken just downstream from the intake and is looking downstream. (2007 Polarconsult)
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Photo 5. O'Brien Creek, High Head intake location before flood
Intake was presumed to be located at the 1950' elevation that is near the bottom middle of the photo on the curve of the stream. Stream
flow is from left to right. (2005 Polarconsult)
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Photo 6. O'Brien Creek, High Head intake area after flooding
View looking downstream at intake location that is near the upper middle of the photo where the creek jogs to the left. The first ridge
crossing can be seen about a 1/4 mi further downstream at near the top middle of the photo. (2007 Polarconsult)
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Photo 7. O'Brien Creek, High Head intake area after flooding
Photo shows debris and boulders moved during the 2006 flood event. (2007 Polarconsult)
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Photo 8. Bank Erosion Near from Intake
Along the east embankment of O'Brien Creek just upstream from the intake. Due to slope
stability concerns, the pipeline and access would have to be located at the toe of the slope.
(2007 Polarconsult)
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Photo 9. Downstream View of Upper Ridge on O'Brien Creek
This photo shows the first (upper) ridge crossing for the O'Brien Creek project. The required cut through the ridge is approximately 25
feet. Geologist indicates that this cut will likely not encounter rock. (2007 Polarconsult)
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Photo 10. Upstream View of Upper Ridge on O'Brien Creek
View of the first ridge crossing on O'Brien Creek. Active erosion is visible indicating loose material. Competent rock plane is visible on
the right side of the ridge. (2007 Polarconsult)
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Photo 11 . View of Second Ridge on O'Brien Creek
This photo is taken from the top of the first ridge looking downstream. The pipeline and
access route would be located along the creek bed because unstable slopes prevent
benching (numerous areas of erosion are visible). The second ridge crossing is visible in
the top middle of the picture as the low spot along the hill crest. (2007 Polarconsult)
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Photo 12. Second Ridge on O'Brien Creek
This is a closeup of the second ridge and the basin divide looking downstream from the upper ridge. As evidenced by the erosion, the
ridge appears to consist of loose material. The cut through this ridge would be about 25 feet. (2007 Polarconsult)
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Photo 13. O'Brien Creek Powerhouse Site, High Head Project
(2007 Polarconsult)
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Photo 14. Slides Along Copper River Highway
(2007 Polarconsult)
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Photo 15. Slides Along Copper River.
This photo shows slides that occurred along the Copper River between O'Brien Creek and Eskilida Creek. This area was the presumed
access route recommended in the 2005 report. (2007 Polarconsult)
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Photo 16. Road adjacent to Fivemile Creek
The road was constructed for mine access and goes to the top of the peak just south of
Liberty Creek. (2007 Polarconsult)
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Photo 17. Exposed Rock Formation, Fivemile Project
This exposed rock formation was found during the traverse to the intake site and appears to
be visible in the aerial photo. (2007 Polarconsult)
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Photo 18. Fivemile Aerial Photo.
This aerial shows the low pressure pipe area. The creek does not become steeply incised until well below the intake site.
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Photo 19. Fivemile Creek, Possible intake site.
Note basement rock outcrop on left and narrow stream section. Stable stream banks and spruce tree on right suggest insignificant
damage to site from the 2006 flood. (2007 Polarconsult)
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APPENDIX A - HYDROLOGY ANALYSIS
POLARCONSULT ALASKA, INC. CHITINA HYDROLOGY ANALYSIS
APRIL 11, 2008 1
C HITINA H YDROLOGY A NALYSIS
April 11 , 2008
prepared by
polarconsult alaska, inc.
1503 West 33rd Avenue, Suite 310
Anchorage, Alaska 99503
Phone: (907) 258-2420
POLARCONSULT ALASKA, INC. CHITINA HYDROLOGY ANALYSIS
APRIL 11, 2008 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE 1 - HYDROLOGIC BASIN SIZE, ELEVATION, AND LOCATION........................................................................2
FIGURE 1 - USGS MEDIAN DAILY UNIT FLOW DATA (CFS/SQMI)..........................................................................3
TABLE 2 - FLOW MEASUREMENTS ..........................................................................................................................4
TABLE 3 - WINTER HYDROGRAPH FACTORS ..........................................................................................................4
FIGURE 2 - O'BRIEN CREEK SUMMER FLOWS CORRELATED TO USGS GAUGE SITES ..........................................5
FIGURE 3 - LITTLE TONSINA MEDIAN UNIT FLOW AND CHITINA ESTIMATED UNIT FLOW ....................................6
FIGURE 4 - FIVEMILE CREEK POWER OUTPUT .......................................................................................................6
PHOTO 1 - O'BRIEN CREEK FLOW MEASUREMENT 1, ~0.7 MI ABOVE INTAKE SITE ...............................................7
PHOTO 2 - O'BRIEN CREEK FLOW MEASUREMENT LOCATION 2, AT INTAKE SITE ..................................................8
FIGURE 5 - O'BRIEN CREEK FLOW MEASUREMENTS MAP .....................................................................................8
FIGURE 6 - FIVEMILE CREEK WEIR DESIGN .........................................................................................................10
PHOTO 3 - INSTALLED WEIR, EARLY IN WINTER ...................................................................................................11
PHOTO 4 - VIEW OF WATER SPILLING OVER WEIR .................................................................................................11
PHOTO 5 - VIEW OF WEIR, LATER WINTER ............................................................................................................12
TABLE 4 - WEIR /FLOW MEASUREMENTS..............................................................................................................12
POLARCONSULT ALASKA, INC. CHITINA HYDROLOGY ANALYSIS
APRIL 11, 2008 2
An analysis of the hydrology in the Chitina area was conducted to estimate the quantity of
water available to the projects being evaluated. The stream flow characteristics directly
affect the power production and associated economic viability of the respective projects.
None of the creeks in the Chitina area have continuous stream flow data available. The
USGS performed numerous summer and fall flow measurements looking for high flows in
O'Brien Creek but only performed one low flow measurement in April. This information is
presented in a study performed by APA in 1981. These measurements were made near the
mouth of O'Brien Creek just upstream of the bridge. The study further stated that local
residents indicate the stream runs year-round.
The 1981 study made an effort to forecast the low winter flow and power production using
data from Squirrel Creek. The resulting low flow was estimated to be between 3.4 and 2.2
cfs.
The USGS has gauging data for the Little Tonsina River, Tebay River, and Squirrel Creek,
all of which are situated at latitudes similar to O'Brien Creek and Fivemile Creek. The
following table summarizes the various locations, basin sizes, and elevations for the project
locations discussed and the three USGS sites.
Table 1 - Hydrologic Basin Size, Elevation, and Location
Location
USGS Site
No
Basin size
(sq mi)
Elevation
(ft)
Latitude
(dd.dd)
Longitude
(dd.dd)
Begin
Date End Date
No of
Records
O'Brien Mouth 46.3 450 61.4817 -144.4556
O'Brien Intake, APA 34.0 920 61.4733 -144.4906
O'Brien Intake, PCA 31.8 1950 61.4608 -144.5408
Fivemile Culvert 13.3 620 61.5822 -144.4375
Fivemile Intake, APA 13.2 890 61.5811 -144.4475
Fivemile Intake, PCA 12.6 1550 61.5781 -144.4819
Little Tonsina River 15207800 22.7 1850 61.4800 -145.1500 9/1/1972 9/30/1978 2221
Tebay River 15211500 55.4 1796 61.2300 -144.2000 7/1/1962 6/30/1965 1096
Squirrel Creek 15208100 70.5 1520 61.6700 -145.1800 7/1/1965 9/30/1975 3744
All data from each USGS site was averaged for each day and divided by the basin area to
get the average daily flow per square mile for each of the gauged sites. The following chart
shows the results.
POLARCONSULT ALASKA, INC. CHITINA HYDROLOGY ANALYSIS
APRIL 11, 2008 3
Figure 1 - USGS Median Daily Unit Flow Data (cfs/sqmi)
As shown in Figure 1, there is an extreme amount of variability, both in the summer and
winter. Squirrel Creek has significantly lower flows than both the Tonsina and Tebay on
discharge per unit area basis. This is probably due to the fact that it is further north and
most of the basin lies on the north flank of the Chugach Range. Squirrel Creek probably
lacks precipitation due to down sloping effects under the predominant southerly flow
regimes.
On a discharge per unit area basis, both the Little Tonsina River and the Tebay River
exhibit very similar winter flow characteristics. The summer flows, which differ
significantly, are not relevant for the size of project that is being considered in Chitina.
Because of the climate conditions in Chitina, the stream flow in all of the creeks in the area
tends to drop off rapidly at the onset of winter. It quickly reaches a low flow that is
relatively constant until the spring thaw. For purposes of providing power year round, this
low flow period is critical for determining the project economics. Generally, all of the
projects in this report and in the APA report easily exceed Chitina's power requirements in
the summer. The APA report recognized the importance of this low flow period and,
rightfully, made it one of their primary concerns in evaluating the various project options.
The following table is a list of actual low flow measurements made on O'Brien and
Fivemile Creeks. This data is compared with averages and minimums on the USGS sites.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecUnit Flow (cfs/sqmi)Tebay
L Tonsina Unit Flow
Squirrel
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Table 2 - Flow Measurements
Location Date Flow (cfs) Unit Flow (cfs/sq mi)
O'Brien Mouth 4/23/1976 4.00 0.086
O'Brien Intake, PCA 4/15/2005 4.00 0.126
Fivemile Culvert 1/7/2008 2.44 0.183
Fivemile Culvert 2/6/2008 2.26 0.170
Fivemile Culvert 2/20/2008 2.10 0.157
Fivemile Culvert 3/5/2008 1.93 0.145
Little Tonsina River, Median Min 3/9 4.50 0.198
Tebay River, Median Min 4/15 16.00 0.289
Squirrel Creek, Median Min 3/8 11.50 0.163
Little Tonsina River, Min 4/1/1974 3.00 0.132
Tebay River, Min 4/15/1964 14.00 0.253
Squirrel Creek, Min 4/5/1967 9.00 0.128
As stated in the APA report, the USGS measured a stream flow of 4.0 cfs on 4/23/1976. On
the same date (4/23/1976) that the USGS measured the O'Brien flow, the USGS gauge data
at Little Tonsina River was 6 cfs, whereas the median for that day is 5.5 cfs. The lowest
Tonsina record is 3 cfs. No similar comparison data is available for the flow measurements
done in 2005 and 2008.
The first three readings taken at the Fivemile Creek culvert were not collected in the
springtime when the absolute minimum flow is likely to occur; however, the final
measurement made on 3/5/08 nearly coincides with the minimum spring flow on the Little
Tonsina. All of the above spring flow measurements at O'Brien and Fivemile Creeks
indicate the springtime unit stream flows near Chitina are lower than the median values at
the gauged USGS sites.
The USGS reading done on 4/23/1976 at the O'Brien mouth is significantly less than that
measured by Polarconsult on O'Brien and Fivemile Creeks. A possible explanation for this
is that a significant portion of the stream flow occurs as groundwater flow. The USGS
measurement was taken at the mouth, where the streambed consists of a gravel outwash
plane that would allow for such an occurrence.
The 4/23/76 flow measurement at the O'Brien mouth will be discarded as an outlier.
Therefore, choosing the Little Tonsina River as the basis for a unit winter hydrograph, the
following data points are used to obtain an appropriate scale factor.
Table 3 - Winter Hydrograph Factors
Location Date Flow Unit Flow L Tonsina Unit Flow Ratio Predicted Flow % Diff
O'Brien Intake, PCA 4/15/2005 4.00 0.126 0.220 57% 4.60 15%
Fivemile Culvert 1/7/2008 2.44 0.183 0.264 69% 2.32 -5%
Fivemile Culvert 2/6/2008 2.26 0.170 0.264 64% 2.32 2%
Fivemile Culvert 2/20/2008 2.10 0.157 0.242 65% 2.12 1%
Fivemile Culvert 3/5/2008 1.93 0.145 0.198 73% 1.74 -10%
Average 65.7%
POLARCONSULT ALASKA, INC. CHITINA HYDROLOGY ANALYSIS
APRIL 11, 2008 5
As shown, the resulting average ratio is 65.7%. This factor was applied to the winter
portion of the Little Tonsina data set to obtain daily average flow values that directly
convert to project output. The predicted flows for the dates that actual flows were
measured are shown in the table also.
The remainder of the unit hydrograph, early summer through early winter, is obtained from
the Little Tonsina River flow record as well. A comparison with the Little Tonsina and
Squirrel Creek basins was performed using the stream flow measurements done by the
USGS at O'Brien Creek that are presented in the APA report. (The APA report data is
included on page A-13.) The following chart clearly indicates that O'Brien Creek flows
correlate well with the Little Tonsina River (88%) and not very well with Squirrel Creek
(52%).
Figure 2 - O'Brien Creek Summer Flows Correlated to USGS Gauge Sites
Based on the above, a unit hydrograph is developed using the median unit flows of the
Little Tonsina winter data scaled by a factor of 65.7%. The graph is then scaled up linearly
from the middle of April through the end of May to match the Little Tonsina River (on a
cfs/sqmi basis). From the end of May until the end of September, the graph is simply the
Little Tonsina River median record scaled by basin area. Then the graph is scaled back
down linearly from the beginning of October through November using the 65.7% winter
production factor. The following chart shows the Little Tonsina River median hydrograph,
the scale factor used, and the resulting O'Brien/Fivemile Creek (Chitina) hydrograph.
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
05/14/7010/01/7006/07/7106/09/7208/16/7209/29/7206/07/7306/19/7407/26/7406/25/7507/01/7509/04/7504/23/7606/26/7607/13/7608/24/7605/24/7707/06/7708/09/7709/28/7707/06/7805/03/7905/25/79DateUnit Flow (cfs/sqmi)O'Brien
Little Tonsina
Squirrel
POLARCONSULT ALASKA, INC. CHITINA HYDROLOGY ANALYSIS
APRIL 11, 2008 6
Figure 3 - Little Tonsina Median Unit Flow and Chitina Estimated Unit Flow
The resulting estimated median minimum springtime flow for the O'Brien Creek intake
(PCA) is 4.1 cfs, and for the Fivemile Creek intake, 1.6 cfs. Using a maximum flow of 5
cfs, the following chart shows the estimated power output for a project on Fivemile Creek
along with the assumed stream flows. The stream flow should be verified through physical
measurements and the installation of a stream gauge.
Figure 4 - Fivemile Creek Power Output
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
1/12/13/14/15/16/17/18/19/110/111/112/1Unit Flow (cfs/sqmi)0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%Chitina Scale FactorL Tonsina Unit Flow
Chitina Unit Flow
Chitina Scale Factor
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
1/12/13/14/15/16/17/18/19/110/111/112/1Power (kW)
POLARCONSULT ALASKA, INC. CHITINA HYDROLOGY ANALYSIS
APRIL 11, 2008 7
FLOW MEASUREMENT DATA AT O'BRIEN INTAKE SITE, 4/15/2005
Location 1 (~0.7 mi upstream of intake site)
N61°27.8536' W144°33.6790'
4/15/2005 13:00 Flow 4.1
s d v q
2 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 1.05 0.00 0.00
4 1.20 0.30 0.36
5 1.18 0.25 0.30
6 1.62 0.40 0.65
7 1.17 0.60 0.70
8 0.93 0.60 0.56
9 1.09 0.45 0.49
10 1.05 0.50 0.53
11 0.98 0.40 0.39
12 0.57 0.28 0.16
13 0.70 0.00 0.00
14 0.00 0.00 0.00
Location 2 (intake site)
N61°27.6543' W144°32.5137'
4/15/2005 15:00 Flow 3.9
s d v q
2 0.00 0.00 0.01
3 0.55 0.20 0.11
4 0.41 0.55 0.23
5 0.78 0.55 0.43
6 0.37 0.00 0.00
7 0.58 0.00 0.00
8 0.91 0.00 0.00
9 0.75 0.35 0.26
10 1.16 1.00 1.16
11 1.08 1.20 1.30
12 0.82 0.50 0.41
13 0.00 0.00 0.00
14 0.00 0.00 0.00
Photo 1 - O'Brien Creek Flow Measurement 1, ~0.7 mi above intake site
POLARCONSULT ALASKA, INC. CHITINA HYDROLOGY ANALYSIS
APRIL 11, 2008 8
Photo 2 - O'Brien Creek Flow Measurement Location 2, at intake site
Figure 5 - O'Brien Creek Flow Measurements Map
POLARCONSULT ALASKA, INC. CHITINA HYDROLOGY ANALYSIS
APRIL 11, 2008 9
FLOW MEASUREMENT DATA AT FIVEMILE CREEK CULVERT
Measurements at Fivemile Creek were performed by installing a weir at the outlet of the
culvert that goes under the Edgerton Highway. The following drawing and pictures detail
the weir design and installation. Measurements and installation were performed by Martin
Finnesand of Chitina Electric and reported to Polarconsult. The table following the
photographs summarizes the measurements and the flow values.
POLARCONSULT ALASKA, INC. CHITINA HYDROLOGY ANALYSIS
APRIL 11, 2008 10
Figure 6 - Fivemile Creek Weir Design
POLARCONSULT ALASKA, INC. CHITINA HYDROLOGY ANALYSIS
APRIL 11, 2008 11
Photo 3 - Installed Weir, early in winter
Photo 4 - View of water spilling over weir
POLARCONSULT ALASKA, INC. CHITINA HYDROLOGY ANALYSIS
APRIL 11, 2008 12
Photo 5 - View of weir, later winter
Water Height Measurements (above crest):
Table 4 - Weir/Flow
Measurements
Date Height (ft) Flow (cfs)
1/7/2008 0.44 2.44
2/6/2008 0.42 2.26
2/20/2008 0.40 2.10
3/5/2008 0.38 1.93
POLARCONSULT ALASKA, INC. CHITINA HYDROLOGY ANALYSIS
APRIL 11, 2008 13
The following USGS flow measurements performed at O'Brien Creek were presented in
the Preliminary Evaluation of Hydropower Alternatives for Chitina, Alaska (U.S.
Department of Energy and Alaska Power Administration, 1981).
POLARCONSULT ALASKA, INC. REGIONAL HYDROELECTRIC INVESTIGATION
CHITINA, ALASKA
FINAL REPORT
MAY 2, 2008
APPENDIX B - GEOTECHNICAL REPORT, SHANNON WILSON
POLARCONSULT ALASKA, INC. REGIONAL HYDROELECTRIC INVESTIGATION
CHITINA, ALASKA
FINAL REPORT
MAY 2, 2008
APPENDIX C - SUMMARY OF FLOODING IN SOUTHCENTRAL
ALASKA, OCTOBER, 2006. USGS
October 2006 Flooding in the Seward-
Prince William
Sound areas, Alaska
USGS Home
Contact USGS
Search USGS
Summary of flooding in Southcentral Alaska, October 2006
/ Alaska Science Center / Water Office / National Water Information System (NWIS) / Contacts /
PROVISIONAL FLOOD PEAKS AND RECURRENCE INTERVALS
STATION
NUMBER STATION NAME PERIOD OF
RECORD
PREVIOUS
PEAK
DISCHARGE
(FT3/S)
DATE OF
PREVIOUS
PEAK
NUMBER OF
PEAKS
HIGHER
THAN
OCTOBER
2006
PEAK
DISCHARGE
(FT3/S)
DATE AND
TIME OF PEAK
15200280 Gulkana River at
Sourdough 1973-78;
1989-2004 12,700 9/12/1990 none 15,300 10/ ? /2006
15207800 Little Tonsina R near
Tonsina 1972-78 214 7/20/1977 none 570 est 10/9 -10/2006
15208000 Tonsina River at
Tonsina 1950-82 8,490 6/17/1962 none b14,000 est 10/9 -10/2006
15208100 Squirrel Cr at Tonsina 1964-82 1,200 6/ /1964 1 in 19 yr c1,100 est 10/9/2006
15208200 Rock Cr nr Tonsina 1966-95 225 5/29/1989 1 in 29 yr 200 10/9/2006
15210025 McCarthy Creek nr
McCarthy 1994-current 4,000 9/27/2000 none 7,100 est 10/9 -10/2006
15211700 Strelna Cr near Chitina 1971-96 670 8/12/1985 unknown unknown 10/9 -10/2006
15211900 O'Brien Creek near
Chitina 1970-82, 84-
96 1,950 6/6/1990 unknown unknown unknown
15212000 Copper River nr Chitina 1950, 52-53,
56-90 380,000 8/8/1981 1 in 38 yr 334,000 10/10/2006
15212500 Boulder Creek nr Tiekel 1964-current 1,330 8/7/1981 none 1,700 10/9 -10/2006
Page 1 of 3USGS ASC Summary of flooding in Southcentral Alaska, October 2006
4/9/2008http://ak.water.usgs.gov/flood/2006October/index.php
Last revised 6/22/2007
(revised)
15212800 Ptarmigan Creek Trib nr
Valdez 1965-70, 95-
current 85 9/ /1965 none 184 10/9/2006
15214000 Copper R. @ Million
Dollar Bridge 1913, 1988-
95 415,000 9/23/1995 none 447,000 10/11/2006 16:00
15215990 Nicolet Creek near
Cordova 1990-current 988 11/3/1994 8 in 15 yr 557 10/9/2006 11:00
15225997 Solomon Gulch Top of
Falls 1986-current 3,280 10/11/1986 none 3,350 10/9/2006 11:15
15226600 Lowe River in Keystone
Canyon near Valdez 1976-77,
1995 18,700 9/22/1995 none 42,000 10/10/2006
15227500 Mineral Creek near
Valdez 1990-current 5,570 6/ /1976 5 in 16 yr 3,500 10/9/2006
15236200 Shakespeare Creek at
Whittier 1970-80, 84-
current 690 9/20/1995 13 in 33 yr 491 10/9/2006
15237550 Mt. Alice Creek nr
Seward 1990-95 1,340 10/11/1986 2 in 7 yr 600 est 10/9/2006
15237730 Grouse Cr. at Lake
Outlet near Seward 1997-current 478 2/5/2003 none 901 10/9/2006 13:15
15238010 Salmon Creek near
Seward 1990-95 8,500 10/11/1986 1 in 6 yr 6,200 est 10/9/2006
15238600 Spruce Creek near
Seward 1967-current 13,600 10/11/1986 1 in 40 yr 3,640 10/9/2006
15239050 Middle Fork Bradley R
near Homer 1979-current 1,470 9/20/1995 1 in 26 yr 1,350 10/9/2006 11:00
15243950 Porcupine Creek near
Primrose 1963-89,
2003 4,000 10/11/1986 1 in 28 yr 3,800 est 10/9/2006
15248000 Trail River near Lawing 1947-77, 87,
2003 8,200 10/24/2002 15 in 31 yr 4,000 10/9/2006
15250000 Falls Creek near
Lawing 1963-76 693 9/15/1966 2 in 9 yr 500 est 10/9/2006
* note, recurrence intervals have not been adjusted using 2006 peaks
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Page 2 of 3USGS ASC Summary of flooding in Southcentral Alaska, October 2006
4/9/2008http://ak.water.usgs.gov/flood/2006October/index.php