HomeMy WebLinkAboutAtmautluak Wind Application
Atmautlauk Renewable Energy Project
Alaska Energy Authority Application
Contents
AEA Application
Attachment A: Resumes
Attachment B: Cost Worksheet
Attachment C: Grant Budget Form
Attachment D: Letters of Support
Attachment E: Electronic Version of the Proposal
Attachment F: Authorized Signers Form
Attachment G: Governing Body Resolution
Attachment H: Certification
Appendix A
Renewable Energy Fund Round IV
Grant Application
AEA 11-005 Application Page 1 of 23 7/21/2010
SECTION 1 – APPLICANT INFORMATION
Name (Name of utility, IPP, or government entity submitting proposal)
Village of Atmautluak - Federally-recognized Tribal Council for Atmautluak, Alaska
Type of Entity:
Tribal Government and Electric Utility Owner
Mailing Address
P.O. Box 6564
Atmautluak, AK 99559-6564
Physical Address
Atmautluak Traditional Council Bldg
Telephone
(907) 553-5610
Fax
(907) 553-5212
Email
atmautluaktc@hughes.net
1.1 APPLICANT POINT OF CONTACT / GRANTS MANAGER
Name
Billy Gilman Sr.
Title
President, Village of Atmautluak
Mailing Address
P.O. Box 6564
Atmautluak, AK 99559-6564
Telephone
(907) 553-5610
Fax
(907) 553-5212
Email
atmautluaktc@hughes.net
1.2 APPLICANT MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS
Please check as appropriate. If you do not to meet the minimum applicant requirements, your
application will be rejected.
1.2.1 As an Applicant, we are: (put an X in the appropriate box)
X An electric utility holding a certificate of public convenience and necessity under AS
42.05, or
An independent power producer in accordance with 3 AAC 107.695 (a) (1), or
A local government, or
X A governmental entity (which includes tribal councils and housing authorities);
Yes
1.2.2. Attached to this application is formal approval and endorsement for its project by
its board of directors, executive management, or other governing authority. If the
applicant is a collaborative grouping, a formal approval from each participant’s
governing authority is necessary. (Indicate Yes or No in the box )
Yes
1.2.3. As an applicant, we have administrative and financial management systems and
follow procurement standards that comply with the standards set forth in the grant
agreement.
Yes
1.2.4. If awarded the grant, we can comply with all terms and conditions of the attached
grant form. (Any exceptions should be clearly noted and submitted with the
application.)
Yes
1.2.5 We intend to own and operate any project that may be constructed with grant
funds for the benefit of the general public.
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SECTION 2 – PROJECT SUMMARY
This is intended to be no more than a 1-2 page overview of your project.
2.1 Project Title – (Provide a 4 to 5 word title for your project)
Type in your answer here and follow same format for rest of the application.
Atmautluak Renewable Energy Project
2.2 Project Location –
Include the physical location of your project and name(s) of the community or communities that will
benefit from your project.
Atmautluak, Alaska is a community is located on the Yukon-Kuskokwim (Y-K)
river Delta and the residents of this community will benefit from this project.
2.3 PROJECT TYPE
Put X in boxes as appropriate
2.3.1 Renewable Resource Type
X Wind Biomass or Biofuels
Hydro, including run of river Transmission of Renewable Energy
Geothermal, including Heat Pumps Small Natural Gas
Heat Recovery from existing sources Hydrokinetic
Solar Storage of Renewable
Other (Describe)
2.3.2 Proposed Grant Funded Phase(s) for this Request (Check all that apply)
Reconnaissance X Design and Permitting
Feasibility Construction and Commissioning
Conceptual Design
2.4 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Provide a brief one paragraph description of your proposed project.
Based on the conclusions of our completed feasibility and conceptual design efforts, the Village
of Atmautluak (Village) will, with Alaska Energy Authority (AEA) assistance, complete the
design process to successfully install a wind-diesel system in the community. This includes
automated controls and the equipment necessary to regulate, control and deliver reliable energy
to the residents of the community. The project will produce the final designs and plans and
complete the necessary permitting for two projected wind turbines and the associated equipment
installations to upgrade the existing power generation and distribution system to produce power
from a wind turbine-diesel engine configuration. The Village of Atmautluak, will hire and
contract with WHPacific to complete this design project and provide management oversight of
any subcontracted engineering/design firms; WHPacific will also complete the RFP process:
provide overall project management oversight of the necessary civil work and work closely with
Northern Power to install Northwind100/21 B model wind turbines, manage the startup and
commissioning.
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2.5 PROJECT BENEFIT
Briefly discuss the financial and public benefits that will result from this project, (such as reduced fuel
costs, lower energy costs, etc.)
When this project is completely constructed and in operation, the primary financial benefit from
this project will be reduced fuel costs to the people of Atmautluak. Preliminary estimates of
annual diesel fuel savings are over 13,400 gallons for a 100 kW wind system (25% reduction),
and over 22,700 gallons for a 200 kW wind system (42% reduction).
In addition to the direct fuel reduction are the benefits of:
- reduced long-term dependence on outside sources of energy;
- reduced exposure to fuel price volatility;
- reduced air pollution resulting from reducing fossil fuel combustion;
- reduced possibility of spills from fuel transport & storage; and
- reduced overall carbon footprint and its contribution to climate change.
These projections did not factor in increases in population, increased loads or efficiency
improvements or the displacing of fuel for diesel-fired hot water heating with excess electrical
energy from the wind turbine; the displacement of fuel for heating is undetermined at this time,
however any electrical loads dedicated to heating and designed to utilize the new wind-diesel
system’s excess wind energy is expected to significantly reduce the fuel expense for space
heating.
2.6 PROJECT BUDGET OVERVIEW
Briefly discuss the amount of funds needed, the anticipated sources of funds, and the nature and source
of other contributions to the project.
The Village of Atmautluak is requesting $200,000 from the Alaska Energy Authority to
complete the project through the design phase and secure the necessary permits to proceed to the
construction and installation of the turbines. We anticipate utilizing our efforts and the financial
outlays we've made to date as a match for any Federal or State of Alaska grant funding offerings
in the future.
2.7 COST AND BENEFIT SUMARY
Include a summary of grant request and your project’s total costs and benefits below.
Grant Costs
(Summary of funds requested)
2.7.1 Grant Funds Requested in this application. $225,000
2.7.2 Other Funds to be provided (Project match) $25,000
2.7.3 Total Grant Costs (sum of 2.7.1 and 2.7.2) $250,000
Project Costs & Benefits
(Summary of total project costs including work to date and future cost estimates to get to a fully
operational project)
2.7.4 Total Project Cost (Summary from Cost Worksheet
including estimates through construction)
$1,700,000
2.7.5 Estimated Direct Financial Benefit (Savings) $125,000
2.7.6 Other Public Benefit (If you can calculate the benefit in
terms of dollars please provide that number here and
explain how you calculated that number in your application
(Section 5.)
Undetermined until design
is complete.
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SECTION 3 – PROJECT MANAGEMENT PLAN
Describe who will be responsible for managing the project and provide a plan for successfully
completing the project within the scope, schedule and budget proposed in the application.
3.1 Project Manager
Tell us who will be managing the project for the Grantee and include contact information, a resume
and references for the manager(s). If the applicant does not have a project manager indicate how you
intend to solicit project management support. If the applicant expects project management assistance
from AEA or another government entity, state that in this section.
Village of Atmautluak has hired WHPacific to complete the conceptual design phase and Atmautluak
will also work with WHPacific to continue through the final design of the project. A general contractor
will be selected through the standard RFP/bid process with WHPacific continuing with project
management oversight through the construction/installation and commissioning of the wind-diesel
system.
Mr. Billy Gilman Sr. will be the Program Manager for the Village of Atmautlak and WHPacific
engineer Mr. Brian Yanity will be the Project Manager reporting directly to the Village and managing
the design and permitting efforts for the project.
Brian Yanity's resume is attached.
WHPacific will provide the engineering staff with the project manager coordinating and supporting the
engineering group; providing specifications, reviewing draft designs and drawings and managing the
completion of the final design work for the construction and installation of the wind-diesel system. The
project manager will also oversee and support the requirements to complete the documentation
requirements and the efforts to acquire all the necessary permits prior to installation of the turbines and
equipment.
Daniel Waska, tribal administrator with the Village of Atmautluak will provides support and oversight
for grant management with assistance from Martha Nick, Atmautluak's bookkeeper and the power plant
clerk Natasia Pavilla.
The Power plant operators, Harry Gilman and Harry Nick will support and provide information for the
current systems and become familiar with the new designs, equipment and processes necessary to
operate and maintain the system upgrades.
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3.2 Project Schedule
Include a schedule for the proposed work that will be funded by this grant. (You may include a chart or
table attachment with a summary of dates below.)
Phase I
Wind Resource Assessment Study is completed and attached.
Phase II
Conceptual Design & Feasibility Study Completed and attached
Phase III Design and Permitting
Round 4 Award Announcements 05/17/11
Negotiation /Final Grant Agreement 07/15/11
Authorization to Proceed 09/01/11
Initiate Permitting 06/01/11-08/31/12
Resolution of right-of-way issues 06/01/11-08/31/11
Electrical System Design - Complete 05/15/12
Civil Engineering Design 05/15/12
Engineer’s Cost Estimate 08/15/12
Final Business and Operational Plan Completed 08/15/12
RFP/Bid Documents 09/30/12
Phase IV Construction -projected
Order Wind Turbines & Towers 03/15/12
Turbines -- ATT Decal and Shipped 09/01/12
Final Civil -Site 08/14/12
Turbines -- Delivered and on Site 10/01/12
Complete Turbine Install and equipment integration 02/01/13
Final Integration and Testing 02/28/13
Complete Turbine Commissioning 03/15/13
- Secondary Load Controller Commissioning 10/15/13
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3.3 Project Milestones
Define key tasks and decision points in your project and a schedule for achieving them. The
Milestones must also be included on your budget worksheet to demonstrate how you propose to
manage the project cash flow. (See Section 2 of the RFA or the Budget Form.)
All project milestones for this Phase are identified in the budget worksheet as Attachment C in
this application.
Final Design and Permitting Phase
The final design and permit process will begin immediately with an award notice from AEA.
It's anticipated the permitting process will be complete by 12/31/2012 and the
construction/installation and commissioning completed during the 2013 construction season.
Atmautluak Renewable Energy Project
Milestone or Task Anticipated Completion Date
Project scoping and contractor solicitation
completed. 6/1/2012
Permit applications completed. 7/31/2012
Final environmental assessment and
mitigation plans completed. 7/31/2012
Permitting, rights-or-way, resolution of land
use, site control completed. 7/31/2012
Final system design completed. 5/15/2012
Final cost estimate completed. 8/15/2012
Updated economic and financial analysis
completed.
Power of heat sale agreements in place.
Final business and operational plan
completed. 8/15/2012
Anticipated Future Milestones for Construction Phase
Authorization to Proceed will initiate the construction and installation work.
The vendors Northern Power requires a 6 month lead time for the delivery of a 100 KW
generator.
Site preparation, foundation construction, piling completed
Complete turbine commissioning: needs to be done early enough in the season to allow time
to commission and tune the secondary load controller.
Complete Secondary Load Controller Commissioning
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3.4 Project Resources
Describe the personnel, contractors, equipment, and services you will use to accomplish the project.
Include any partnerships or commitments with other entities you have or anticipate will be needed to
complete your project. Describe any existing contracts and the selection process you may use for
major equipment purchases or contracts. Include brief resumes and references for known, key
personnel, contractors, and suppliers as an attachment to your application.
Personnel: Billy Gilman Sr. Atmautluak Village Council president will have oversight of this project.
With assistance from the tribal administrator Daniel Waska and staff support from Martha Nick,
Atmautluak's bookkeeper and the power plant clerk Natasia Pavilla. The Power plant operators, Harry
Gilman and Harry Nick will provide direct support and be available for tasks related to this project.
Consultant: Atmautluak will continue to work with and hire WHPacific, a design engineering/project
management company with proven experience completing rural Alaska design and engineering
projects. WHPacific successfully completed the feasibility and conceptual design work for the initial
stages of this project and the report is attached to this application.
Vendor/Equipment: The 100kW "Northwind" 100B wind turbine from Northern Power (vendor) will
be utilized in the design of this project. This turbine has proven results all over the Y-K delta, and
utilizing and maintaining the same type of generator will ultimately result in lower operatin g and
maintenance expense in the future. The generator incorporated into this design project will be t he
permanent magnet, direct-drive "NW100/21" -- the latest model recommended by Northern Power.
The turbines from Northern Power are proven and by installing them at our community we will be able
to add to the knowledge base for technical and maintenance support.
Construction Contractors: Atmautluak will complete the RFP/Bid process for this phase of the project.
There are several qualified companies experienced with turbine installations in the region. It is
expected that WHPacific will manage this task and continue with project oversight during the
construction/installation phase.
3.5 Project Communications
Discuss how you plan to monitor the project and keep the Authority informed of the status.
The Village of Atmautluak will have reporting responsibility for this project. The WHPacific project
manager will compile and complete progress reports sufficient to complete adequate oversight and
grant reporting to AEA
Monthly teleconferences will be held with the project team: Daniel Waska, Brian Yanity and
engineering staff as necessary to track the progress and address any identified issues related to the
viability of this project. This includes any additional process and cooperation opportunities to reduce
and contain the cost of final installation of the turbines.
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3.6 Project Risk
Discuss potential problems and how you would address them.
Issue: This project is located in one of the smaller communities on the Y-K Delta. With tight
margins for cost/benefit, the greatest identified risk for this project is the cost factors associated
with economic feasibility:
1. Site selection during design engineering must be made carefully.
2. Partnerships, cooperative agreements and equipment scheduling for major equipment
needs will be considered to contain costs for this installation.
3. Advances and upgrades for turbines and other factors will be considered as the designs
are completed.
SECTION 4 – PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND TASKS
Tell us what the project is and how you will meet the requirements outlined in Section 2 of the RFA.
The level of information will vary according to phase(s) of the project you propose to
undertake with grant funds.
If you are applying for grant funding for more than one phase of a project provide a plan and
grant budget form for completion of each phase.
If some work has already been completed on your project and you are requesting funding for an
advanced phase, submit information sufficient to demonstrate that the preceding phases are
satisfied and funding for an advanced phase is warranted.
4.1 Proposed Energy Resource
Describe the potential extent/amount of the energy resource that is available.
Discuss the pros and cons of your proposed energy resource vs. other alternatives that may be
available for the market to be served by your project.
The "Atmautluak Wind-Diesel Conceptual Design/Feasibility Study" provides a summary of wind
resource data collected from October 2005 through December 2006 in Atmautluak, Alaska, and is
provided as an appendix to the attached feasibility report Both the raw data and the processed data are
available on the Alaska Energy Authority website.
It is a rough estim ate that the long-term annual average wind speed at the site is 7.2 m/s at a height of
30 m eters above ground level. Taking the local air densit y and wind speed distribution into account,
the average wind power densit y for the site is 451 W /m2. This information means that Atmautluak
has an estim ated Class 5 wind resource, “excellent” for wind power development. The met tower
wind data set was used to make predictions as to the potential energy production from wind turbines
at the site. The net capacity factor for utility-scale wind turbines would range from 24 – 38%. A
significant amount of fuel will be displaced with a wind-diesel system installed.
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4.2 Existing Energy System
4.2.1 Basic configuration of Existing Energy System
Briefly discuss the basic configuration of the existing energy system. Include information about the
number, size, age, efficiency, and type of generation.
The three diesel generator sets in the existing powerhouse a capacity of 547 kW.
Genset
#
Capacity Generator Engine
1 180 kW
225 kVA
Marathon Electric
MangaPlus 432PSL1268 (older
generator) Serial # LM-217323-TO95
John Deere 6081HF070
Serial # RG6081H296673
2 250 kW
313 kVA
Marathon Electric
MangaMax DVR 433RSL4019
Serial # WA-568180-0109
John Deere 6081HF070
Serial # RG6081H296672
3 117 kW
146 kVA
Marathon Electric
MangaPlus 431CSL6202
Serial # 705888-0209
John Deere 4045HF485
Serial # 4045HF485
The engines, control systems and two of the generators were installed in 2008 by Marsh Creek LLC. The
John Deere diesel engines have electronic isochronous governors, and the power house has automated
switchgear, with Woodward easYgen 3000 generator control panels and Satek PM130EH power meters
The Atmautluak School has its own diesel generator connected to the local distribution system of
Atmautluak Joint Utilities. This generator is used as backup for the school if the community power
generation system is down, or to relieve energy demand on the Atmautluak Joint Utilities power plant.
For example, the power plant operator reported that the school’s generator was turned on for several days
in August 2010 to reduce load on the overall community grid when the Atmautluak Joint Utilities power
plant was experiencing high temperatures on its diesel engines during relatively warm weather.
4.2.2 Existing Energy Resources Used
Briefly discuss your understanding of the existing energy resources. Include a brief discussion of any
impact the project may have on existing energy infrastructure and resources.
Atmautluak uses diesel fuel exclusively to generate electricity for all of its customers in the
community. In 2009, fuel consumption for energy production was 53,901 gallons. The cost of
fuel is expected to rise in the next several years. Although the major economies are in
recession, the global economic recovery will push oil and fuel prices higher for a sustained
time period into the future.
Communities cannot rely on diesel fuel as the single source of energy, especially when the
wind resource at Atmautluak has been determined to be "excellent" for power production.
According to project planning estimates, a 100 kW wind-diesel system in Atmautluak (with
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one NW100 turbine) would have a lower overall electricity generation cost than the present
diesel-only system at diesel fuel prices of $5/gallon and higher. A 200 kW wind-diesel system
(with two NW100 turbines) is expected to have a lower overall electricity generation cost at at
diesel fuel prices of $5/gallon and higher. The operational impacts of new wind generation
capacity on the existing Atmautluak Joint Utilities system will be determined during the final
design study phase of the project.
4.2.3 Existing Energy Market
Discuss existing energy use and its market. Discuss impacts your project may have on energy
customers.
According to Atmautluak Joint Utilities, the diesel power plant generated 679,129 kWh in 2009,
with an average annual load of 78 kW. The peak load of the Atmautluak system is estimated to
be about 150 kW. During 2009, 53,901 gallons of fuel was used for power generation in
Atmautluak, at average diesel generation efficiency of 12.6 kWh/gallon.
The cost of fuel purchased by Atmautluak Joint Utilities in 2010 was reported as $3.3688/gallon
(although some fuel purchased for $5.20/gallon was shipped in during the winter of 2010 due to a
temporary fuel shortage). The reported pre-subsidy retail cost of electricity for 2010 is
$0.69860/kWh.
The reported retail rate for other fuels in Atmautluak was $5.45/gallon for heating fuel,
$5.50/gallon for gasoline.
4.3 Proposed System
Include information necessary to describe the system you are intending to develop and address
potential system design, land ownership, permits, and environmental issues.
4.3.1 System Design
Provide the following information for the proposed renewable energy system:
A description of renewable energy technology specific to project location
Optimum installed capacity
Anticipated capacity factor
Anticipated annual generation
Anticipated barriers
Basic integration concept
Delivery methods
Renewable energy technology description
Components of the conceptual Atmautluak wind-diesel system:
One or two NW100 wind turbines (Alternative A-100 kW; Alternative B- 200 kW)
A new 7.2 kV above-ground power line, approx. 2700’ in length, from the preferred
wind turbine site (“site 1”) to the existing power plant/tank farm area. Transformers
will be installed at either end of the line. The poles would also carry a communication
line between the wind turbine site and the power plant area.
A new modular building/exterior module, possibly the size of a 40’ shipping container,
to be installed adjacent to the existing diesel power plant building. The power line from
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the wind turbine site would connect directly to this building, which would house the
synchronous condenser, electric boiler/boiler grid interface, power control equipment,
and a hot water tank that could be connected to a new heat recovery system on the
existing diesel power plant.
Some new electronic control systems and panels in the existing power plant building
A district heating system, consisting of an insulated above-ground pipe about 900’ in
length, connecting the electric boiler/hot water tank near the powerhouse to the store,
tribal office, washeteria and school.
There are no other economically feasible renewable energy alternatives or options currently
available to the community of Atmautluak to harness except the wind. The standard for the
region to convert wind into usable energy is Northern Power’s "Northwind" 100kW B model
turbine with a 21 meter rotor (NW100/21). The NW100/21 is the latest generation of wind
turbines. It is a permanent-magnet, direct-drive design and is the current state of the art for
advanced wind turbine design in cold climate installations The upgrade overcomes many of the
challenges of connecting old-style induction generators to electrical distribution grids; the
permanent-magnet generator is connected to a full power converter changing the power output
from variable, low-frequency, alternating-current into direct current and back to tightly
regulated alternating current for final output to the grid. The permanent-magnets eliminate
reactive power requirement to energize create a magnetic field. Since this energizing
requirement is removed from the influence of the grid, the power output is stabilized and more
efficient; the power converter allows a broad degree of control over the form and quality of the
power output to the grid. The capacitance and active controls in the power converter allow
reactive power to be either consumed or produced by the Northern 100 regardless of its real
power output, even in the complete absence of wind. The turbine controls allow power output
to be controlled by dynamic grid conditions, including automatic output reduction or complete
shutdown regardless of the current wind conditions. The combination of these advanced
controls and an integrated disk brake allows gradual ramping up or down of turbine output,
minimizing fluctuations and maximizing the usable output of generated power.
Optimum installed capacity
The system we plan consists of up to (2) NW100/21 turbines to operate with the existing diesel
plant as a wind-diesel hybrid power system. Installed wind power capacity will be 200 kW.
Anticipated capacity factor
HOMER software was used to simulate conditions at Atmautluak with one or two Northwind
100 wind turbines running in conjunction with the existing power plant. HOMER calculates
gross energy production with no allowance for power plant downtime, turbine or generator
maintenance, equipment curtailment or any other reason.
- Renewable fraction from HOMER: 39% for Alternative A, 63% for Alternative B.
- Capacity factor on net wind production: 32.0%
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Anticipated annual generation
HOMER software estimated gross annual wind production to be 280 MWh with 37 MWh
excess electrical energy for Alternative A, and 560 MWh with 213 MWh excess electrical
energy for Alternative B
Anticipated barriers
No barriers to successful installation and integration of a wind turbine in Atmautluak are
expected. The project design is modeled on recent successful projects of similar designs.
Basic integration concept
The integration design concept is comprised of five (5) major components: (1) two (2) Northern
Power NW100 turbines, (2) a secondary (or “discretionary”) load electric boiler (3) a secondary
load controller to manage the “dumping” of excess electricity (if necessary), (4) a wind-diesel
supervisory control system to manage the combined operation of the diesel generators and wind
turbines, and to enable remote monitoring and control..
Delivery methods
The existing Atmautluak Joint Utilities electrical distribution grid system will be the method of
energy delivery.
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4.3.2 Land Ownership
Identify potential land ownership issues, including whether site owners have agreed to the project or
how you intend to approach land ownership and access issues.
Village of Atmautluak has substantial land in the villages and will provide the necessary and suitable
land to site the turbines.
Preferred Wind Turbine Site, “site 1” Location (NAD83): 60° 51.728’ N, 162° 17.225’ W
The community’s preferred wind turbine site, “site 1”, is located about 0.45 miles northwest of the
Atmautluak power plant, and about 800 feet NW of the location where the met tower was installed
between 2005 and 2006. The site is located entirely on land owned by Atmautluak Limited, the local
village corporation. A 25’ wide right-of-way easement exists through this site for a winter trail between
Bethel and Nunapitchuk that is no longer used, but is recorded in BLM records. Today, a different trail
is now used in winter. Atmautluak Traditional Council is working with BLM on this issue, and is
expected to resolve this issue in
the near future.
Alternate Wind Turbine Site,
“site 2” Location (NAD83): 60°
51.229’ N, 162° 17.102’ W
The site is located entirely on
land owned by Atmautluak
Limited, the local village
corporation.
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4.3.3 Permits
Provide the following information as it may relate to permitting and how you intend to address
outstanding permit issues.
List of applicable permits
Anticipated permitting timeline
Identify and discussion of potential barriers
The following permits and/or authorizations will be necessary for installation of the wind
turbines: Village of Atmautluak Site:
USACE Section 404/401 Wetlands permit and Water Quality Assurance
ADNR, OC&OM Coastal Zone Consistency Determination
Title 16 Fish Habitat Permit
SHPO “No Historic Properties Affected”
Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
Alaska Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
Vegetation Clearing Not Permitted between May 20 and July 20, except for black
scoter habitat where the end of the avoidance period is August 10
FAA 7460-1 Notice of Proposed Construction or Alteration
4.3.4 Environmental
Address whether the following environmental and land use issues apply, and if so how they will be
addressed:
Threatened or Endangered species
Habitat issues
Wetlands and other protected areas
Archaeological and historical resources
Land development constraints
Telecommunications interference
Aviation considerations
Visual, aesthetics impacts
Identify and discuss other potential barriers
The environmental permitting steps below are based on the publication Alaska Wind Energy
Development: Best Practices Guide to Environmental Permitting and Consultations, a study done
by the URS Corporation for the Alaska Energy Authority in 2009.
Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation:
Alaska Pollution Discharge Elimination System - State regulations (18 AAC 83 APDES) require
that all discharges, including storm water runoff, to surface waters be permitted under the Alaska
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (APDES) permit program, which aims to reduce or
eliminate storm water runoff that might contain pollutants or sediments from a project site during
construction. The construction of one or more wind turbines, and the connecting access road and
power line, in Atmautluak would likely disturb one acre or more of soil, and thus must be
permitted under the State of Alaska’s Construction General Permit (CGP) and have a Storm
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Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP). The construction contractor must submit a Notice of
Intent (NOI) to Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) before submitting a
SWPPP. The DEC issues the final APDES permit for the project after review and public
comment periods.
US Fish and Wildlife Service and National Marine Fisheries Service:
Atmautluak is located in an area that is mapped by the Anchorage Fish and Wildlife Field Office
as “No Consultation Necessary” for listed species under the Endangered Species Act. This map
is called “ESA Listed Species Consultation Guide – Anchorage Fish and Wildlife Field Office”.
The legend states “If your project is located within Solid Green on this map, there are no listed
species present within your project area and no consultation is necessary.”
Atmautluak Traditional Council must also be aware of USFWS regulations and guidance under
Migratory Bird Treaty Act, which prohibits the taking of active bird nests, their eggs and young.
USFWS has developed “Bird Windows” statewide that prohibit clearing and construction
activity. The bird window in the Atmautluak area is May 5 to July 25 except for Canada geese
and swan habitat where the window begins April 20 and for black scoter habitat where the
window closes August 10. Clearing before or after these dates is allowed. Clearing and
construction activity during the window is not allowed. The USFWS Wind Turbine Guidelines
Advisory Committee developed guidelines and recommendations for wind power projects to
avoid impacts to birds and bats. These recommendations were sent to the Secretary of the Interior
in March 2010 and should be referred to during design and construction.
Federal Aviation Administration:
Determination of No Hazard to Air Navigation - Atmautluak Traditional Council will be required
to file an FAA Form 7460-1 (Notice of Proposed Construction or Alteration), as the proposed
wind turbine site(s) are less than one mile from the Atmautluak airport. Obstruction lighting on
the wind turbine(s) is likely to be required.
Alaska Department of Natural Resources:
Alaska Coastal Management Program consistency review - The Alaska Department of Natural
Resources (ADNR)-administered Alaska Coastal Management Program (ACMP) evaluates
projects within the Coastal Zone, which includes Atmautluak, for consistency with statewide
standards and other local Coastal District enforceable policies. The ACMP consistency review is
a coordination process involving all federal and state permitting authorities within the Ceñaliuriit
Coastal Resource Service Area (CRSA), where Atmautluak is located. The project design
consultant will, on behalf of Atmautluak Traditional Council, fill out a Coastal Project
Questionnaire (CPQ) and consistency evaluation form and submit it to ADNR’s Division of
Coastal and Ocean Management (DCOM). After a public comment and review period, DCOM
will issue a final consistency determination.
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State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) consultation - The project design consultant will
complete a consultation under Section 106 of the Historic Preservation Act with the State Historic
Preservation Office (SHPO), to receive a letter concurring that a wind project would affect no
historic properties.
US Army Corps of Engineers:
The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) requires the placement of fill in “waters of the
United States”, including wetlands and streams, under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act
(CWA). Because much or all of the proposed wind turbine site(s) in Atmautluak are located on
wetlands, Atmautluak Traditional Council must receive a Section 404 permit from the Alaska
District USACE.
Environmental Approach:
If it is determined through the permitting process a determination is required. WHPacific will
organize a pre-application meeting to be coordinated through the ADNR for the Atmautluak
Wind-Diesel Project. All agencies, including federal agencies, will be asked to participate. The
meeting will identify and discuss appropriate permit issues and provide agency perspective on the
proposed development. Discussions, if required should include actions to avoid, minimize and
mitigate wetlands impacts. Preliminary concerns for impacts to possible cultural sites will be
identified. Results of this agency pre-application meeting will be a three to five page meeting
report summarizing agency concerns, issues and possible mitigation or compensation proposals.
This will be as comprehensive as possible but may not identify all permits required for project
development given the preliminary nature of the development proposal.
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4.4 Proposed New System Costs and Projected Revenues
(Total Estimated Costs and Projected Revenues)
The level of cost information provided will vary according to the phase of funding requested and any
previous work the applicant may have done on the project. Applicants must reference the source of
their cost data. For example: Applicants Records or Analysis, Industry Standards, Consultant or
Manufacturer’s estimates.
4.4.1 Project Development Cost
Provide detailed project cost information based on your current knowledge and understanding of the
project. Cost information should include the following:
Total anticipated project cost, and cost for this phase
Requested grant funding
Applicant matching funds – loans, capital contributions, in-kind
Identification of other funding sources
Projected capital cost of proposed renewable energy system
Projected development cost of proposed renewable energy system
This application is for the design and permitting phase. We are requesting $225,000 to complete the
design and permitting phase. U.S Department of Energy provided $44,300 of grant fund to complete a
feasibility study and this study indicates the wind resources is excellent and a wind turbine option is
economically feasible.
We estimate that the completed (constructed) project depending on final design will cost from $1.0 to 1.8
million. We hope to propose for construction funds in the event there is another AEA funding round in
2011 and to pursue additional funds through federal agencies offering grant and loan support; USDA
High Energy Cost grant program or other DOE programs.
4.4.2 Project Operating and Maintenance Costs
Include anticipated O&M costs for new facilities constructed and how these would be funded by the
applicant.
(Note: Operational costs are not eligible for grant funds however grantees are required to meet ongoing
reporting requirements for the purpose of reporting impacts of projects on the communities they serve.)
The new Northwind 100 B model requires only one maintenance visit each year. The two turbine
configuration for Atmautluak will require, as a conservative estimate, a combined annual maintenance
cost of $10,000. This cost will be funded by ongoing energy sales in the village.
4.4.3 Power Purchase/Sale
The power purchase/sale information should include the following:
Identification of potential power buyer(s)/customer(s)
Potential power purchase/sales price - at a minimum indicate a price range
Proposed rate of return from grant-funded project
Village of Atmautluak is the owner/operator of the utility in this community, Atmautluak Joint Utilities;
therefore, the Power Purchase/Sale is not required.
Renewable Energy Fund
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4.4.4 Project Cost Worksheet
Complete the cost worksheet form which provides summary information that will be considered in
evaluating the project.
Download the form, complete it, and submit it as an attachment. Document any conditions or sources
your numbers are based on here.
See Attachment B, Cost Worksheet
The project cost estimate is based on a review of the budgets of similar wind-diesel projects, both
proposed and existing, in the Y-K delta region of Alaska. This project is a phased approach and the cost
worksheet and budget show the efforts proposed through the final design and permitting process. The
initial phase, the feasibility study has determined the wind resources for the community is excellent.
SECTION 5– PROJECT BENEFIT
Explain the economic and public benefits of your project. Include direct cost savings, and how
the people of Alaska will benefit from the project.
The benefits information should include the following:
Potential annual fuel displacement (gal and $) over the lifetime of the evaluated renewable
energy project
Anticipated annual revenue (based on i.e. a Proposed Power Purchase Agreement price, RCA
tariff, or cost based rate)
Potential additional annual incentives (i.e. tax credits)
Potential additional annual revenue streams (i.e. green tag sales or other renewable energy
subsidies or programs that might be available)
Discuss the non-economic public benefits to Alaskans over the lifetime of the project
When this project is completely constructed and in operation, the primary financial benefit from this
project will be reduced fuel costs to the people of Atmautluak. Preliminary estimates of annual diesel fuel
savings are over 13,400 gallons for a 100 kW wind system (25% reduction), and over 22,700 gallons for
a 200 kW wind system (42% reduction). In addition to the direct fuel reduction are the benefits of:
- reduced long-term dependence on outside sources of energy;
- reduced exposure to fuel price volatility;
- reduced air pollution resulting from reducing fossil fuel combustion;
- reduced possibility of spills from fuel transport & storage; and
- reduced overall carbon footprint and its contribution to climate change
The major benefit of wind power is the displacement of expensive hydrocarbon fuel to feed reciprocating
engines to produce electricity. The negative environmental effects of burning fossil fuels is well
documented and although the political and scientific effects over the entire ecosystem is hotly debated
everyone agrees burning less fuel is better. For this project the environmental benefit is tangible as a
significant reduction in emissions from the Atmautluak power plant. However the economical benefit in
relation to the community is immense. The displacement of fuel is expected to be 22,787 for a two (2)
turbine site with annual savings from $91,148 @$4/gallon to $136,722@$7/gallon.
Renewable Energy Fund
Grant Application Round IV
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For the purposes of determining feasibility the following results from the 30 meter tower analysis are
shown on the table below:
Results of
HOMER
modeling for
Atmautluak
wind-diesel
system
alternatives,
fuel savings
Alternative
Annual fuel
consumption
(gallons)
Annual fuel
savings Annual fuel cost savings
(gallons) % $4/gal.
diesel
$5/gal.
diesel
$6/gal.
diesel
$7/gal.
Base case
(diesel only) 53,901 0 0% 0 0 0 0
Alternative A
(100 kW wind) 40,474 13,427
25% $53,708 $67,135 $80,562 $93,989
Alternative B
(200 kW wind) 31,114 22,787 42% $91,148 $113,935 $136,722 $159,509
As can be seen in the table below, Alternative B has the lowest levelized cost of energy predicted by HOMER at
diesel fuel prices of $4/gal. and $5/gal. Alternative A is competitive with diesel at prices of $5/gal and higher.
Following are models showing the cost per kWh at $4 and $5 per gallon.
Results of HOMER modeling for Atmautluak wind-diesel system alternatives, cost of energy
Alternative Levelized cost-of-energy
($/kWh)
$4/gal. diesel $5/gal. diesel
Base case
(diesel only) 0.456 0.535
Alternative A
(100 kW wind) 0.475 0.533
Alternative B
(200 kW wind) 0.449 0.495
Renewable Energy Fund
Grant Application Round IV
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Results of HOMER modeling for Atmautluak wind-diesel system alternatives, emissions
Alternative Overall
emissions
reductions
(%)
Emissions (kg/yr)
CO2 NOX CO SO2 Unburned
hydrocarbons
Particulates
Base case
(diesel only) 0% 538,564 11,862 1,329 1,082 147 100
Alternative A
(100 kW wind)
25% 403,410 8,885 996 810 110 75.1
Alternative B
(200 kW wind) 42% 310,116 6,830 765 623 84.8 57.7
As the credit and tax market matures Atmautluak will explore these benefits to increase the return for the
project; future value of carbon offsets will also contribute to additional savings and new credits may also
increase the return as they become adopted.
SECTION 6– SUSTAINABILITY
Discuss your plan for operating the completed project so that it will be sustainable.
Include at a minimum:
Proposed business structure(s) and concepts that may be considered.
How you propose to finance the maintenance and operations for the life of the project
Identification of operational issues that could arise.
A description of operational costs including on-going support for any back-up or existing systems
that may be require to continue operation
Commitment to reporting the savings and benefits
Any issues related to sustainability specific to this design stage will be documented and
addressed to Daniel Waska, Atmautluak Tribal Administrator for resolution.
When this project is completed through construction and installation of the wind turbines, the
power generated will be supplied through the existing distribution system as before the upgrade
and sales billed out as before to the customers of the system. The plant operators will be
trained on the new operations and maintenance procedures and processes and these will be
similar as other new wind-diesel installations in the region such as Hooper Bay, Toksook Bay
and Kasigluk. Adopting the region "standard", the Northern Power 100Kw generator, will
result in benefits in regards to long-term sustainability of the entire regional system of turbines,
including the installation at Atmautluak. Specific areas regarding sustainability for the new
turbines will be addressed and reported at the completion of this design and planning stage. No
change is expected with the administrative staff in regards to sustainability and little is any
change is expected in the administrative or clerical support of when this installation is
completed.
Renewable Energy Fund
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SECTION 7 – READINESS & COMPLIANCE WITH OTHER GRANTS
Discuss what you have done to prepare for this award and how quickly you intend to proceed with work
once your grant is approved.
Tell us what you may have already accomplished on the project to date and identify other grants that
may have been previously awarded for this project and the degree you have been able to meet the
requirements of previous grants.
The following has been completed:
An Atmautluak funded MET tower wind study has been completed and the report is attached.
The Atmautluak Wind-Diesel Conceptual Design/Feasibility Study is complete and is attached as
Appendix "A". This Study was funded through the Department of Energy.
We will begin this proposed design project immediately on award notification from Alaska Energy
Authority.
SECTION 8– LOCAL SUPPORT
Discuss what local support or possible opposition there may be regarding your project. Include letters of
support from the community that would benefit from this project.
See attachment "D" for letters of support.
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SECTION 9 – GRANT BUDGET
Tell us how much you want in grant funds Include any investments to date and funding sources, how
much is being requested in grant funds, and additional investments you will make as an applicant.
Include an estimate of budget costs by milestones using the form – GrantBudget3.doc
This funding request is for $200,000 based on the following estimated design and permit costs:
AEA Grantee
Matching
Description Grant
Funds
Funds
Project Management $20,000 $5,000
Finalize Energy Production
Analysis
$10,000 $0
Finalize Land Agreements
and ROW
$0 $80,000
Perform Geotechnical
Analysis
$100,000 $0
Finalize Foundation Designs $18,000 $0
Finalize System Integration
Designs
$44,000 $0
Apply for/Obtain Permits $23,000 $0
Finalize Operational Business
Plan
$10,000 $0
TOTALS $225,000 $85,000
The land dedicated to the site is valued at $80,000 and will be a contribution by the Native Village of
Atmautluak. A feasibility and Conceptual Design report was completed and the total effort was
$44,300 The project was funded through the U.S Department of Energy.
The application of permits is budgeted at: $23,000 based on similar projects in the region.
Geotechnical work is the largest category at $100,000 because the work is located in an area
surrounded by small lakes and active drainage areas into the nearby river. The investigation and design
need to be comprehensive at this stage of the project to maintain the expected cost of foundation
installations, a critical step preserving the long-term sustainability of the project.
GrantBudget3.doc is attached to this application showing the complete budget and milestone
categories.
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SECTION 9 – ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTATION AND CERTIFICATION
SUBMIT THE FOLLOWING DOCUMENTS WITH YOUR APPLICATION:
A. Contact information, resumes of Applicant’s Project Manager, key staff, partners,
consultants, and suppliers per application form Section 3.1 and 3.4.
B. Cost Worksheet per application form Section 4.4.4.
C. Grant Budget Form per application form Section 9.
D. Letters demonstrating local support per application form Section 8.
E. An electronic version of the entire application on CD per RFA Section 1.6.
F. Authorized Signers Form.
G. Governing Body Resolution or other formal action taken by the applicant’s governing
body or management per RFA Section 1.4 that:
- Commits the organization to provide the matching resources for project at the match
amounts indicated in the application.
- Authorizes the individual who signs the application has the authority to commit the
organization to the obligations under the grant.
- Provides as point of contact to represent the applicant for purposes of this
application.
- Certifies the applicant is in compliance with applicable federal, state, and local, laws
including existing credit and federal tax obligations.
H. CERTIFICATION
The undersigned certifies that this application for a renewable energy grant is truthful
and correct, and that the applicant is in compliance with, and will continue to comply
with, all federal and state laws including existing credit and federal tax obligations.
Print Name
Signature
Title
Date
Atmautlauk Renewable Energy Project
Attachment A
RESUMES
Contents
WH Pacific
Brian Yanity
Casey Storey
Dennis Sharp
Ed Carlson
Matthew Bergan
Philip Quarterman
Northern Power
Alan Axworthy
Brett Pingree
Dowl
Maria Kampson
.
Atmautlauk Renewable Energy Project
Alaska Energy Authority Application
Attachment B
Cost Worksheet
Renewable Energy Fund
Grant Application Round IV
Please note that some fields might not be applicable for all technologies or all project phases.
The level of information detail varies according to phase requirements.
1. Renewable Energy Source
The Applicant should demonstrate that the renewable energy resource is available on a
sustainable basis.
Annual average resource availability.
Unit depends on project type (e.g. windspeed, hydropower output, biomasss fuel)
2. Existing Energy Generation and Usage
a) Basic configuration (if system is part of the Railbelt1 grid, leave this section blank)
i. Number of generators/boilers/other 3 generators
ii. Rated capacity of generators/boilers/other 576 kW (180kW; 250kW ; 117kW )
iii. Generator/boilers/other type Diesel
iv. Age of generators/boilers/other
v. Efficiency of generators/boilers/other
b) Annual O&M cost (if system is part of the Railbelt grid, leave this section blank)
i. Annual O&M cost for labor
ii. Annual O&M cost for non-labor
c) Annual electricity production and fuel usage (fill in as applicable) (if system is part of the
Railbelt grid, leave this section blank)
i. Electricity [kWh] 679,129 kWh
ii. Fuel usage
Diesel [gal] 53,901
Other
iii. Peak Load Approx. 150 kW
iv. Average Load 78 kW
v. Minimum Load
vi. Efficiency 12.6 kWh/gallon
vii. Future trends
d) Annual heating fuel usage (fill in as applicable)
i. Diesel [gal or MMBtu]
ii. Electricity [kWh]
iii. Propane [gal or MMBtu]
iv. Coal [tons or MMBtu]
v. Wood [cords, green tons, dry tons]
vi. Other
Renewable Energy Fund
Grant Application
3. Proposed System Design Capacity and Fuel Usage
(Include any projections for continued use of non-renewable fuels)
a) Proposed renewable capacity
(Wind, Hydro, Biomass, other)
[kW or MMBtu/hr]
200 kW wind generation capacity
b) Proposed annual electricity or heat production (fill in as applicable)
i. Electricity [kWh] 560,000 kWh, plus 213,000 kWh excess
ii. Heat [MMBtu]
c) Proposed annual fuel usage (fill in as applicable)
i. Propane [gal or MMBtu]
ii. Coal [tons or MMBtu]
iii. Wood [cords, green tons, dry tons]
iv. Other
4. Project Cost
a) Total capital cost of new system $1,800,000
b) Development cost $200,000
c) Annual O&M cost of new system $10,000
d) Annual fuel cost n/a
5. Project Benefits
a) Amount of fuel displaced for
i. Electricity 22,787
ii. Heat
iii. Transportation
b) Current price of displaced fuel 4.78
c) Other economic benefits Possible Secondary Heat
d) Alaska public benefits Reduced air pollution, need for fuel storage capacity
6. Power Purchase/Sales Price
a) Price for power purchase/sale
7. Project Analysis
a) Basic Economic Analysis
Project benefit/cost ratio 1.47
Payback (years) 18.
Atmautlauk Renewable Energy Project
Alaska Energy Authority Application
Attachment C
Grant Budget Form
Renewable Energy Fund Grant Round IV Grant Budget Form 7-21-10
Milestone or Task Anticipated
Completion Date
RE- Fund
Grant Funds
Grantee Matching
Funds
Source of Matching
Funds:
Cash/In-kind/Federal
Grants/Other State
Grants/Other
TOTALS
Project scoping and contractor solicitation completed
6/01/2012
$15,000 $15,000
Permit applications completed 7/31/2012 10,000 $5.000 15,000
Final environmental assessment and mitigation
plans completed
7/31/2012
20,000 20,000
Permitting, rights-or-way, resolution of land use, site
control completed
7/31/2012
35,000 20,000 55,000
Final system design completed 5/15/2012 85,000 85,000
Final cost estimate completed 8/15/2012 12,500 12,500
Updated economic and financial analysis completed
12,500 12,500
Power of heat sale agreements in place
$0 0
Final business and operational plan completed
8/15/2012
10,000 10,000
TOTALS $200,000 $25,000 $225,000
Budget Categories:
Direct Labor & Benefits
Travel & Per Diem
Equipment
Materials & Supplies
Contractual Services
Construction Services
Other
TOTALS
Applications should include a separate worksheet for each project phase (Reconnaissance, Feasibility, Design and Permitting, and Construction)-
Add additional pages as nee
Atmautlauk Renewable Energy Project
Alaska Energy Authority Application
Attachment D
Letter of Support
Atmautlauk Renewable Energy Project
Alaska Energy Authority Application
Attachment E
Electronic Version of the Proposal
Atmautlauk Renewable Energy Project
Alaska Energy Authority Application
Attachment F
Authorized Signers Form
Atmautlauk Renewable Energy Project
Alaska Energy Authority Application
Attachment G
Governing Body Resolution
Atmautlauk Renewable Energy Project
Alaska Energy Authority Application
Attachment H
Certification
Atmautlauk Renewable Energy Project
Alaska Energy Authority Application
Appendix
Atmautluak Wind-Diesel
Conceptual Design/Feasibility Study
Atmautluak Wind-Diesel
Conceptual Design /Feasibility Study
Atmautl uak Traditional Council
September 15, 2010
WHPacific, Inc.
300 W. 31st Ave
Anchorage, AK 99503
www.whpacific.com
Atmautluak Wind-Diesel Study Atmautluak Traditional Council
WHPacific, Inc. 2 September 15, 2010
Atmautluak Wind-Diesel Study Atmautluak Traditional Council
WHPacific, Inc. 3 September 15, 2010
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
1. Background Data
2. Site & Powerhouse Assessment
3. Initial Environmental Review
4. Rough Order of Magnitude (ROM) Preliminary Design and Cost Estimate
5. HOMER Analysis
6. Development Plan
Appendix A: Atmautluak AEA Wind Energy Resource Report
Appendix B: Atmautluak Site & Powerhouse Field Visit Report
Appendix C: Environmental Review Checklist Memo
Appendix D: HOMER Analysis
Appendix E: Manufacturer-provided Specification Sheets
Atmautluak Wind-Diesel Study Atmautluak Traditional Council
WHPacific, Inc. 4 September 15, 2010
Atmautluak Wind-Diesel Study Atmautluak Traditional Council
WHPacific, Inc. 5 September 15, 2010
Executive Summary
The preliminary economic feasibility analysis by the HOMER software, based on the preliminary cost
estimates presented in this report, indicates that Atmautluak very likely would save on energy costs by
installing a wind power generation facility. More detailed design, permitting/environmental studies and
economic analysis is warranted to confirm the economic feasibility before funding can be secured, or
before a decision is made to proceed with construction. An electric boiler heating system could be
installed as part of the wind-diesel system to utilized excess wind energy, possibly providing
supplemental heat to the store, tribal office, washeteria and school.
The Alaska Energy Authority’s January 2007 wind resource assessment in Atmautluak concluded that the
wind resource was Class 5, or “Excellent”. Based on data collected between October 21, 2005 and
December 4, 2006 from a 30-meter meteorological tower in Atmautluak, the annual average wind speed
recorded was 7.16 m/s (16.0 mph) with north identified as the prevailing wind direction.
It is recommended that Atmautluak’s wind energy be developed as a medium- or high-penetration
system, with one or two NW100 Arctic turbines of 100 kW capacity each. Preliminary rough order of
magnitude (ROM) cost estimates of these two alternatives are listed below:
$1,300,000 total installed cost for 1-turbine (100 kW) wind system
$2,000,000 total installed cost for 2-turbine (200 kW) wind system
Preliminary estimates of annual diesel fuel savings are over 13,400 gallons for a 100 kW wind system
(25% reduction), and over 22,700 gallons for a 200 kW wind system (42% reduction).
According to Atmautluak Joint Utilities, the diesel power plant generated 679,129 kWh in 2009, with an
average annual load of 78 kW. The peak load of the Atmautluak system is estimated to be about 150
kW. During 2009, 53,901 gallons of fuel was used for power generation in Atmautluak, at an average
diesel generation efficiency of 12.6 kWh/gallon. The reported pre-subsidy residential cost of electricity
was $0.69860/kWh. The total existing generation capacity is 547 kW, with modern diesel generator sets.
The community’s preferred wind turbine site is located about 0.45 miles northwest of the Atmautluak
power plant, and about 800 feet NW of the location where the met tower was installed. The site is
located entirely on land owned by Atmautluak Limited, the local village corporation.
There are no listed species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) in the wind project area, so an ESA
consultation with US Fish and Wildlife Service is not necessary, although a consultation is needed under
the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. Other permits/approvals needed include a Form 7460-1 approval from
the Federal Aviation Administration, a Section 404 permit from the US Army Corps of Engineers, and a
consistency review by the Alaska Department of National Resources for the Coastal Zone Management
Program. Also, the construction contractor needs to submit a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan to
the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation.
Atmautluak Wind-Diesel Study Atmautluak Traditional Council
WHPacific, Inc. 6 September 15, 2010
Atmautluak Wind-Diesel Study Atmautluak Traditional Council
WHPacific, Inc. 7 September 15, 2010
1. Background Data
Atmautluak is located 20 miles northwest of Bethel, on the west bank of the Pitmiktakik River in the
Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta. The population of Atmautluak is 305 people (2000 Census).
Atmautluak Wind Energy Resource
The Alaska Energy Authority’s January 2007 wind resource assessment in Atmautluak, included in
Appendix A, concluded that the wind resource was Class 5, or “Excellent”. Based on data collected
between October 21, 2005 and December 4, 2006 from a 30-meter NRG met tower in Atmautluak, the
annual average wind speed recorded was 7.16 m/s (16.0 mph) with north identified as the prevailing
wind direction. Taking into account the local air density and wind speed distribution, the average wind
power density for the met tower site is 451 W/m2. The month of highest average reported wind speeds
during this period was February, and the month with the lowest average wind speeds was September.
The met tower was located at 60° 51.686’ N, 162° 17.032’ W (NAD83 coordinates converted from
NAD27 coordinates in 2007 AEA wind resource report), or about 800 feet southeast from the preferred
wind turbine site (see section 2 below).
Atmautluak Energy Needs
According to Atmautluak Joint Utilities, the diesel power plant generated 679,129 kWh in 2009, with an
average annual load of 78 kW. The peak load of the Atmautluak system is estimated to be about 150
kW.
Monthly generation and fuel consumption statistics for 2009 are presented in Table 1, and average
monthly electric loads for 2009 are graphed in Figure 1.
During 2009, 53,901 gallons of fuel was used for power generation in Atmautluak, at an average diesel
generation efficiency of 12.6 kWh/gallon.
The reported pre-subsidy residential cost of electricity was $0.69860/kWh.
The reported retail rate for other fuels in Atmautluak was $5.45/gallon for heating fuel, $5.50/gallon for
gasoline.
Atmautluak Wind-Diesel Study Atmautluak Traditional Council
WHPacific, Inc. 8 September 15, 2010
Table 1: Atmautluak Joint Utilities power generation statistics for 2009
Month
#days in
month
kWh
generated
monthly average
load (kW)
fuel used
(gal)
average diesel
efficiency (kWh/gal)
January 31 63,379 85 5,012 12.6
February 28 60,713 90 4,109 14.8
March 31 59,801 80 4,579 13.1
April 30 47,687 66 4,006 11.9
May 31 49,221 66 4,094 12.0
June 30 52,568 73 4,288 12.3
July 31 49,901 67 4,464 11.2
August 31 54,940 74 3,810 14.4
September 30 58,662 81 4,469 13.1
October 31 56,555 76 4,341 13.0
November 30 59,326 82 4,604 12.9
December 31 66,376 89 6,125 10.8
annual 365 679,129 78 53,901 12.6
Figure 1: Average monthly electric load of Atmautluak Joint Utilities for 2009
-
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Atmautluak Wind-Diesel Study Atmautluak Traditional Council
WHPacific, Inc. 9 September 15, 2010
2. Site & Powerhouse Assessment
Brian Yanity of WHPacific visited Atmautluak on September 2, 2010 to assess the diesel power
generation system, switchgear and ancillary equipment, as well as inspect possible wind turbine sites.
Atmautluak Joint Utilities staff provided tours of the existing diesel powerhouse, the prospective wind
turbine sites, as well as documentation and drawings. Daniel Waska, Atmautluak Tribal Administrator,
presented a map with potential wind turbine sites identified by the community: a preferred site and an
“alternate” site (see site locations in Figure 2). The complete field visit report, with photos of the wind
sites and powerhouse, is attached as Appendix B.
During the site visit, the wind-diesel project concept, and pending grant proposal to the Alaska Energy
Authority’s Renewable Energy Fund, was presented at a community meeting hosted by the Atmautluak
Traditional Council. At the community meeting, several residents expressed support for wind energy,
saying that a reduction in the community’s overall diesel fuel consumption is highly desired. No
concerns were expressed other than a question about how the state grant funds would be administered.
Atmautluak Joint Utilities- Existing Power System
The cost of fuel purchased by Atmautluak Joint Utilities in 2010 was reported as $3.3688/gallon
(although some fuel purchased for $5.20/gallon was shipped in during the winter of 2010 due to a
temporary fuel shortage). The reported pre-subsidy retail cost of electricity for 2010 is $0.69860/kWh.
The existing three diesel generator sets in the power plant are detailed in Table 2:
Table 2: Atmautluak Joint Utilities existing diesel generators
Genset
#
Capacity Generator Engine
1 180 kW
225 kVA
Marathon Electric
MangaPlus 432PSL1268 (older generator)
Serial # LM-217323-TO95
John Deere 6081HF070
Serial # RG6081H296673
2 250 kW
313 kVA
Marathon Electric
MangaMax DVR 433RSL4019
Serial # WA-568180-0109
John Deere 6081HF070
Serial # RG6081H296672
3 117 kW
146 kVA
Marathon Electric
MangaPlus 431CSL6202
Serial # 705888-0209
John Deere 4045HF485
Serial # 4045HF485
Total generation capacity: 547 kW
The engines, control systems and two of the generators were installed in 2008 by Marsh Creek LLC. The
John Deere diesel engines have electronic isochronous governors, and the power house has automated
switchgear, with Woodward easYgen 3000 generator control panels and Satek PM130EH power meters.
The Atmautluak School has its own diesel generator, which is connected to the local distribution system
of Atmautluak Joint Utilities. This generator is used as backup for the school if the community power
Atmautluak Wind-Diesel Study Atmautluak Traditional Council
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generation system is down, or to relieve energy demand on the Atmautluak Joint Utilities power plant.
For example, the power plant operator reported that the school’s generator was turned on for several
days in August 2010 to reduce load on the overall community grid when the Atmautluak Joint Utilities
power plant was experiencing high temperatures on its diesel engines during relatively warm weather.
Preferred Wind Turbine Site, “site 1”
Location (NAD83): 60° 51.728’ N, 162° 17.225’ W
The community’s preferred wind turbine site, “site 1”, is located about 0.45 miles northwest of the
Atmautluak power plant, and about 800 feet NW of the location where the met tower was installed
between 2005 and 2006. The site is located entirely on land owned by Atmautluak Limited, the local
village corporation.
A 25’-wide right-of-way easement exists through this site for a winter trail between Bethel and
Nunapitchuk that is no longer used, but is recorded in BLM records. A different trail is now used in
winter. Atmautluak Traditional Council is working with BLM on this issue, and is expected to resolve this
issue in the near future.
Alternate Wind Turbine Site, “site 2”
Location (NAD83): 60° 51.229’ N, 162° 17.102’ W
The site is located entirely on land owned by Atmautluak Limited, the local village corporation. A
particularly marshy area exists between the existing boardwalk/power line/homes and this site. After
freezeup, this area is more heavily used area than the preferred wind turbine site.
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Figure 2: Aerial photo of Atmautluak showing proposed wind turbine sites, and approximate routes of
existing power distribution lines
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3. Initial Environmental Review
The environmental permitting steps below are based on the publication Alaska Wind Energy
Development: Best Practices Guide to Environmental Permitting and Consultations, a study done by the
URS Corporation for the Alaska Energy Authority in 2009.
Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation
Alaska Pollution Discharge Elimination System
State regulations (18 AAC 83 APDES) require that all discharges, including storm water runoff, to surface
waters be permitted under the Alaska Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (APDES) permit program,
which aims to reduce or eliminate stormwater runoff that might contain pollutants or sediments from a
project site during construction. The construction of one or more wind turbines, and the connecting
access road and power line, in Atmautluak would likely disturb one acre or more of soil, and thus must
be permitted under the State of Alaska’s Construction General Permit (CGP) and have a Storm Water
Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP). The construction contractor must submit a Notice of Intent (NOI) to
Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) before submitting a SWPPP. The DEC issues
the final APDES permit for the project after review and public comment periods.
US Fish and Wildlife Service
Atmautluak is located in an area that is mapped by the Anchorage US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)
Field Office as “No Consultation Necessary” for listed species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA).
This map is called “ESA Listed Species Consultation Guide – Anchorage Fish and Wildlife Field Office”.
The legend states “If your project is located within Solid Green on this map, there are no listed species
present within your project area and no consultation is necessary.”
Atmautluak Traditional Council must also be aware of USFWS regulations and guidance under the
Migratory Bird Treaty Act, which prohibits the taking of active bird nests, their eggs and young. USFWS
has developed “Bird Windows” statewide that prohibit clearing and construction activity. The bird
window in the Atmautluak area is May 5 to July 25 except for Canada geese and swan habitat where the
window begins April 20 and for black scoter habitat where the window closes August 10. Clearing
before or after these dates is allowed. Clearing and construction activity during the window is not
allowed.
The USFWS Wind Turbine Guidelines Advisory Committee developed guidelines and recommendations
for wind power projects to avoid impacts to birds and bats. These recommendations were sent to the
Secretary of the Interior in March 2010 and should be referred to during design and construction.
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Federal Aviation Administration
Determination of No Hazard to Air Navigation
Atmautluak Traditional Council will be required to file an FAA Form 7460-1 (Notice of Proposed
Construction or Alteration), as the proposed wind turbine site(s) are less than one mile from the
Atmautluak airport. Obstruction lighting on the wind turbine(s) is likely to be required.
Alaska Department of Natural Resources
Alaska Coastal Management Program consistency review
The Alaska Department of Natural Resources (ADNR)-administered Alaska Coastal Management
Program (ACMP) evaluates projects within the Coastal Zone, which includes Atmautluak, for consistency
with statewide standards and other local Coastal District enforceable policies. The ACMP consistency
review is a coordination process involving all federal and state permitting authorities within the
Ceñaliuriit Coastal Resource Service Area (CRSA), where Atmautluak is located.
The project design consultant will, on behalf of Atmautluak Traditional Council, fill out a Coastal Project
Questionnaire (CPQ) and consistency evaluation form and submit it to ADNR’s Division of Coastal and
Ocean Management (DCOM). After a public comment and review period, DCOM will issue a final
consistency determination.
State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) consultation
The project design consultant will complete a consultation under Section 106 of the Historic
Preservation Act with the State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO), to receive a letter concurring that a
wind project would affect no historic properties.
US Army Corps of Engineers
The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) requires the placement of fill in “waters of the United States”,
including wetlands and streams, under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (CWA). Because much or all
of the proposed wind turbine site(s) in Atmautluak are located on wetlands, Atmautluak Traditional
Council must receive a Section 404 permit from the Alaska District USACE.
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4. Rough Order of Magnitude (ROM) Preliminary Design and Cost
Estimate
Wind-diesel power systems are categorized based on their average penetration levels, or the overall
proportion of wind-generated electricity to the total amount of electric energy supplied to the system.
Commonly used categories of wind-diesel penetration levels, are low penetration, medium penetration,
high penetration, and high penetration-diesels off, as summarized in Table 3. The average wind
penetration level is roughly equivalent to the overall amount of diesel fuel saved. In general, the higher
the level of wind penetration that the system is designed for, the more complex and expensive a control
system and demand-management strategy is required.
Table 3: Categories of wind-diesel penetration levels
Penetration
Category
Penetration Level Operating characteristics and system requirements
Instantaneous Average
Low Less than 50% Less than 20% Diesel generation runs full-time
Requires little or no changes to existing diesel control system
All wind energy generated goes to the primary load
Medium 50% to 80% 20% to 50% Diesel generation runs full-time
Requires relatively simple new control system with
automation and set-point control, and secondary loads such
as electric boilers
At high wind power levels, secondary loads are dispatched to
absorb energy not used by the primary load, or wind
generation is curtailed
High 80% to 200% 50% to 100% Diesel generation may be shut down during periods of high
wind power levels
Requires sophisticated new control system and additional
components (including demand-managed devices and more
advanced controls to regulate grid voltage and frequency)
At high wind power levels, secondary loads and/or demand-
managed devices are dispatched to absorb energy not used by
the primary load.
High-Diesels
Off
200% and
above
Greater than 50% Diesel generation will be shut down during periods of high
wind power levels
Requires sophisticated new control system, additional wind
capacity, and additional components (including demand-
managed devices and more advanced controls to regulate grid
voltage and frequency)
At high wind power levels, secondary loads and/or demand-
managed devices are dispatched to absorb energy not used by
the primary load.
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Proposed conceptual designs of Atmautluak wind-diesel system alternatives
Low penetration wind-diesel systems require the fewest modifications to the existing system. However,
they tend to be less economical due to the limited annual fuel savings compared to the total wind
system installation costs. It is therefore recommended that Atmautluak’s wind energy be developed as a
medium- or high-penetration system.
Listed below are the main components of a medium-high penetration wind-diesel system:
Wind turbine(s)
Tower and foundation
Power line (including transformers and cabling)
Managed load devices
Power control electronics
Communications and monitoring systems
Components of the conceptual Atmautluak wind-diesel system:
One or two NW100 wind turbines (Alternative A-100 kW; Alternative B- 200 kW) installed on
permafrost foundations.
A new 7.2 kV above-ground power line, approx. 2700’ in length, from the preferred wind turbine
site (“site 1”) to the existing power plant/tank farm area. Transformers will be installed at either
end of the line. The poles would also carry a communication line between the wind turbine site
and the power plant area.
A new modular building/exterior module, possibly the size of a 40’ shipping container, to be
installed adjacent to the existing diesel power plant building. The power line from the wind
turbine site would connect directly to this new building/module, which would house the
synchronous condenser, electric boiler/boiler grid interface, power control equipment, and an
insulated hot water tank. The hot water tank, as well as a pump connected to the district heat
system, could be also integrated into a new heat recovery system on the existing diesel power
plant.
Some new electronic control systems and panels in the existing power plant building will be
needed.
A district heating system, consisting of an insulated above-ground pipe about 900’ in length,
connecting the electric boiler/hot water tank near the powerhouse to the store, tribal office,
washeteria and school.
Three drawings are provided below showing the conceptual Atmautluak wind-diesel system design: an
electrical one-line diagram (Figure 3), site plan (Figure 4), and permit sketch (Figure 5).
Atmautluak Wind-Diesel Study Atmautluak Traditional Council
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Figure 3: Conceptual Atmautluak wind-diesel system one-line diagram (drawing by Jason McGrew)
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Figure 4: Conceptual Atmautluak wind-diesel system site plan (drawing by Jason McGrew)
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Figure 5: Conceptual Atmautluak wind-diesel system permit sketch (drawing by Jason McGrew)
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Wind turbine generator options (see specification sheets in Appendix E)
Northern Power Systems Northwind100
The Northwind100 (or NW100) has a 100 kW nominal rated capacity
Output is 3 phase, 480 VAC, 60 Hz.
the NW100 unit requires a tubular tower at least 30 m (100’) in height (foundation required)
Manufactured by Northern Power Systems, Barre, Vermont
Cost of NW100 Arctic (not including installation or shipping): $347,500
The Alaska Village Electric Cooperative (AVEC) and Kotzebue Electric Association have extensive rural
Alaska experience working with the Northwind 100 (or NW100), which has proven more reliable than
other similar-sized turbines. The NW100 is the standard workhorse of AVEC’s wind-diesel installations,
including the three wind turbines that AVEC has installed at Kasigluk. The NW100 Arctic, a new version
of the turbine with additional features and design enhancements for cold-climate operation, is
recommended for the Atmautluak wind-diesel system.
Bergey Excel S
The Bergey Excel S has a 10 kW nominal installed capacity.
Output is single-phase, 240 VAC, 60 Hz.
Can be mounted on Bergey’s 30 m tilt-up tower (no foundation required)
Cost of Excel S listed on Bergey website: $31,770.
Manufactured by Bergey WindPower Co., Norman, Oklahoma
The advantage of an array of smaller, lightweight turbine units like the Bergey is that they require no
foundations, only anchors for guy wires. Guyed, tilt-up towers are much easier, cheaper and faster to
construct than a tubular tower with a concrete foundation, but present more avian hazards due to the
guy wires. However, to match the capacity of a single NW100 turbine, ten Excel S turbines would need
to be installed, taking up a much larger land footprint for an equivalent capacity. Cabling and
transformers, power control, and interconnection to the existing Atmautluak power system are likely to
be more complex. Operations and maintenance costs may also be higher for an array of 10 to 20 Excel S
units, compared to one or two NW100 units.
Options for control system configuration and upgrades
Supervisory control system
Medium- and high-penetration wind-diesel systems require fast-acting real and reactive power
management to compensate for rapid variation in load and wind turbine output. A wind-diesel system
master controller, also called a supervisory controller, would be installed inside the existing Atmautluak
power plant, or in a new module adjacent to it. The supervisory controller would select the optimum
system configuration based on load demand and available wind power.
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For a single 100 kW wind turbine, or two turbines with 200 kW in total installed capacity, the wind
turbine(s) would be paired with the existing 117 kW diesel generator in the Atmautluak powerhouse, re-
configured for low load operation. A typical wind-diesel supervisory control system would operate this
particular diesel generator in frequency-control mode, and operate the other two diesel generators in
set point mode (their original configuration).
An example of a wind-diesel system master controller is the Powercorp control system, pre-configured
to operate with multiple diesel gen-sets, distribution feeders, wind systems, and demand-managed
devices. Sustainable Automation and other vendors offer similar wind-diesel control systems. The
Powercorp system is broken into several layers of operation, with each controller device in
communication with the others:
Station Controller: schedules each of the lower units, performs remote control functions and
stores collected system data
Generation Controller: monitors and controls a single diesel generator
Demand Controller: monitors, controls, and schedules demand-managed devices such as a
synchronous condenser or electric boiler, to insure that sufficient generation capacity is online.
Feeder Monitor: monitors vital statistics of the distribution feeder, including ground fault
information
Wind Turbine Controller: monitors the wind turbine it is connected to, and dispatches wind
turbines depending on the wind-diesel’s system’s overall load, and the availability of wind
energy.
Synchronous condenser
A synchronous condenser, sometimes called a synchronous compensator, is a specialized synchronous
electric motor whose shaft is not attached to anything, but spins freely. Its excitation field is controlled
by a voltage regulator to either generate or absorb reactive power as needed to support the grid’s
voltage or to maintain the grid’s power factor at a specified level. Such power factor and voltage support
is essential for a wind-diesel system’s reliability, especially when an inductive load such as an electric
boiler’s heating element is used to regulate variable wind power output.
For a system the size of Atmautluak’s, a synchronous condenser was considered to be a more economic
option for voltage and reactive power support than a flywheel. A flywheel energy system has the
capability of short-term energy storage to further smooth out short-term variability of wind power, and
has the additional advantage of frequency regulation. However, a flywheel system is much more
expensive than a synchronous condenser. A Powercorp flywheel unit of 500 kW capacity, the smallest
commercially available for a remote wind-diesel application such as Atmautluak’s, has an estimated
installed cost of about $2 million, according to a 2009 review of energy storage technologies for the
Alaska Energy Authority by WHPacific. This is the equivalent estimated installation cost of the entire
200-kW Atmautluak wind-diesel system using a synchronous condenser.
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Demand-side management/interruptible loads
Demand-side management, or rapidly shifting on or off discretionary (or “dump”) loads during periods
of high winds, is required for a wind-diesel hybrid power system to operate reliably and economically.
An electric boiler is a common demand-managed device used in wind-diesel power system. An electric
boiler, coupled with a boiler grid interface control system, in a new module outside the Atmautluak
power plant building, would need to be able to absorb up to 200 kW of instantaneous energy (full
output of the wind turbines). The boiler grid interface is a demand-managed device, providing not only
useful heat energy, but also frequency stabilization and an adjustable power factor. The grid interface
monitors and maintains the temperature of the electric hot water tank and establishes a power
setpoint. The wind-diesel system master controller assigns the setpoint based on the amount of unused
wind power available in the system. Frequency stabilization is another advantage that can be controlled
with an electric boiler load. The boiler grid interface will automatically adjust the amount of power it is
drawing to maintain system frequency within acceptable limits.
The school, tribal building and washeteria represent the largest heating loads in Atmautluak. There is no
form of heat recovery presently employed at the diesel powerhouse, nor is there any kind of local
district heating system. Potential discretionary electric heating loads for a future wind-diesel system
identified during the site visit, include:
Electric boiler system at the school
An electric boiler/recovered heat module could be installed next to the existing diesel
powerhouse, with a hot water pipe (hydronic heating loop) extending a length of approximately
900’ to the store, tribal office, washeteria and school (Figure 6). The central location of all of
these buildings, in relation to the existing power plant, could make a district heating system
economically feasible.
Existing electric heat trace system used for sewer and water lines
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Figure 6: Conceptual layout of hydronic heating loop (hot water pipe) for district heating system in
central Atmautluak
Operations and Maintenance
According to AVEC, annual O&M costs are $3,500 per turbine per year (for existing NW100 units),
consisting mainly of one maintenance visit per year. For the purposes of the HOMER economic
modeling in this report (see section 5), an annual maintenance cost of $5,000 per turbine is assumed.
Because of the relatively large number of NW100 turbines already deployed in the Yukon-Kuskokwim
Delta region, technical personnel are already based in the region and can assist with maintenance and
repairs. Northern Power also offers training at its manufacturing facility in Vermont for local operators.
Rough Order of Magnitude (ROM) Cost Estimates for Atmautluak Wind-Diesel
Alternatives
The NW100 turbine is being used for this preliminary cost estimate, as it is judged to be more practical
than the Bergey and other turbines for Atmautluak. The ROM cost estimates for Alternative A (one
NW100) and Alternative B (two NW100s) are based on a review of cost estimates for similar -scaled
wind-diesel projects in the Yukon-Kuskokwim delta region, both existing and proposed. A
comprehensive design needs to be completed for more accurate cost estimates.
Another possible alternative is the installation of one or more additional 100kW NW100 turbines at
AVEC’s existing wind turbine in Kasigluk, with a new power line connecting the Kasigluk-Nunapitchuk
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system to Atmautluak. The Kasigluk wind farm was installed in 2006 with three NW100 turbines, for a
total of 300 kW of wind capacity, with a 3-mile power line connecting Kasigluk to Nunapitchuk. A new
power line would need to be built a distance of approximately 7 miles, to connect Nunapitchuk to
Atmautluak. Based on AVEC’s recent inter-village power line construction costs of $350,000/mile, this
line would cost about $2,450,000. It could be more expensive than this, because of the numerous lakes
and ponds between Atmautluak and Nunapitchuk. This is higher than the preliminary cost estimates of
alternatives A and B below for an Atmautluak-only wind-diesel system. Therefore, an intertie power line
from AVEC’s existing Kasigluk-Nunapitchuk system to Atmautluak is not recommended.
Alternative A: Single 100 kW NW100 turbine in Atmautluak
The NW100 turbine would be mounted on a standard 30 m (100’) tubular tower, installed atop a
concrete foundation designed for marshy, permafrost-laden soil.
Preliminary rough order of magnitude (ROM) cost estimate for Alternative A: $1,300,000
Table 4: ROM Cost Estimate for Design and Permitting Phase - Alternative A
Project scoping and contractor solicitation completed 10,000
Permit applications completed 10,000
Environmental assessment/mitigation plans 20,000
Permitting, rights-or-way, resolution of land use, site control 50,000
Final system design 80,000
Final cost estimate 10,000
Updated economic and financial analysis 10,000
Final business and operational plan 10,000
Design and Permitting Phase Total $200,000
Table 5: ROM Cost Estimate for Construction and Commissioning Phase- Alternative A
Project management 50,000
Wind turbine/integration equipment procurement 400,000
Foundation material procurement 50,000
Mobilization/demobilization costs 160,000
Site access and foundation installation 50,000
Turbine/tower erection 100,000
Power line extension 100,000
Construction survey/as-built drawings 10,000
System integration/controls/electric boiler/diesel generation system upgrade 160,000
Training 20,000
Construction and Commissioning Phase Total $1,100,000
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Alternative B: Two 100 kW NW100 turbines in Atmautluak-
Preliminary rough order of magnitude (ROM) cost estimate for Alternative B: $2,000,000
Table 6: ROM Cost Estimate for Design and Permitting Phase - Alternative B
Project scoping and contractor solicitation completed 10,000
Permit applications completed 10,000
Environmental assessment/mitigation plans 20,000
Permitting, rights-or-way, resolution of land use, site control 50,000
Final system design 90,000
Final cost estimate 10,000
Updated economic and financial analysis 10,000
Final business and operational plan 10,000
Design and Permitting Phase Total $210,000
Table 7: ROM Cost Estimate for Construction and Commissioning Phase- Alternative B
Project management 75,000
Wind turbine/integration equipment procurement 800,000
Foundation material procurement 50,000
Mobilization/demobilization costs 200,000
Site access and foundation installation 70,000
Turbine/tower erection 200,000
Power line extension 100,000
Construction survey/as-built drawings 15,000
System integration/controls/electric boiler/diesel generation system upgrade 250,000
Training 20,000
Construction and Commissioning Phase Total $1,790,000
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5. HOMER Analysis
HOMER software was used to simulate conditions at Atmautluak with one or two Northwind 100 wind
turbines (based on wind resource information collected by the AEA met tower), running in conjunction
with the existing diesel power plant. This software can provide a comparison of estimated fuel savings
(Table 8), levelized cost of electricity (Table 9) and emissions (Table 10) from diesel-only and conceptual
wind-diesel configurations. HOMER calculates gross energy production with no allowance for power
plant downtime, turbine or generator maintenance, equipment curtailment or other reasons. Included
in Appendix D are HOMER Systems Reports for modeling the following six scenarios:
Two, one and zero (base case) NW100 turbines at $4/gallon ($1.06/liter) fuel cost
Two, one and zero (base case) NW100 turbines at $5/gallon ($1.32/liter) fuel cost
Main assumptions used in the HOMER model for the conceptual Atmautluak
wind-diesel system
$1,300,000 total installed cost for 1-turbine (100 kW) wind system
$2,000,000 total installed cost for 2-turbine (200 kW) wind system
Annual O&M costs are $5,000 for each wind turbine
2% interest rate
25 year project life
Assumed fuel cost is fixed for the 25-year project, and does not increase.
The annual electric energy consumption of approximately 679,000 kWh (based on Atmautluak’s
2009 generation statistics) is fixed, and does not increase.
The generation-only cost of diesel-generated electricity at the Atmautluak power plant is
$0.46/kWh at $4/gallon fuel cost, given a generation efficiency of 12.6 kWh/gallon (based on
Atmautluak Joint Utilities 2009 statistics).
The non-generation cost of electricity in Atmautluak is assumed to be $0.24/kWh, which
combined with the assumed diesel generation cost of $0.46, is equivalent to the present retail
rate of electricity of approximately $0.70/kWh (the diesel-only base case).
Only the two newest existing diesel gensets in the Atmautluak power plant will be used:
o Generator 2 (250 kW)
o Generator 3 (117 kW)
Estimated Annual Renewable Fraction and Capacity Factor
Renewable fraction (penetration level): 39% for Alternative A, 63% for Alternative B.
Capacity factor on net wind production: 32.0%
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Estimated Annual Wind Energy Production
HOMER software estimated gross annual wind production to be:
280 MWh with 37 MWh excess electrical energy for Alternative A
560 MWh with 213 MWh excess electrical energy for Alternative B
Estimated Fuel Savings
Table 8: Results of HOMER modeling for Atmautluak wind-diesel system alternatives, fuel savings
Alternative Annual fuel
consumption
(gallons)
Annual fuel
savings Annual fuel cost savings
(gallons) % $4/gal. diesel $5/gal. diesel $6/gal. diesel $7/gal. diesel
Base case
(diesel only) 53,901 0 0% 0 0 0
0
Alternative A
(100 kW wind) 40,474 13,427
25% $53,708 $67,135 $80,562
$93,989
Alternative B
(200 kW wind) 31,114 22,787 42% $91,148 $113,935 $136,722
$159,509
Cost of Energy
As shown in Table 9, Alternative B has the lowest levelized cost of energy predicted by HOMER at $4/gal.
diesel and $5/gal. diesel. Alternative A is competitive with diesel at prices higher than $5/gal.
Table 9: Results of HOMER modeling for Atmautluak wind-diesel system alternatives, cost of energy
Alternative Levelized cost-of-energy
($/kWh)
$4/gal. diesel $5/gal. diesel
Base case
(diesel only) 0.456 0.535
Alternative A
(100 kW wind) 0.475 0.533
Alternative B
(200 kW wind) 0.449 0.495
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Emissions
Table 10: Results of HOMER modeling for Atmautluak wind-diesel system alternatives, emissions
Alternative Overall
emissions
reductions
(%)
Emissions (kg/yr)
CO2 NOX CO SO2 Unburned
hydrocarbons
Particulates
Base case
(diesel only) 0% 538,564 11,862 1,329 1,082 147
100
Alternative A
(100 kW wind)
25% 403,410 8,885 996 810 110
75.1
Alternative B
(200 kW wind) 42% 310,116 6,830 765 623 84.8
57.7
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WHPacific, Inc. 28 September 15, 2010
6. Development Plan
The preliminary economic feasibility analysis by the HOMER software, based on the preliminary cost
estimates presented in this report, indicates that Atmautluak very likely would save on energy costs by
installing a wind power generation facility. More detailed design, permitting/environmental studies and
economic analysis is warranted to confirm the economic feasibility before funding can be secured, or
before a decision is made to proceed with construction. The proposed project schedule below is a
development plan which assumes that the Alaska Energy Authority approves funding, as part of the
Renewable Energy Fund-Round IV grant program, for final design and permitting phases of the
Atmautluak wind-diesel project, as well as construction funding the subsequent year. Such an (ideal)
funding scenario would result in an operational wind system in March 2013. This schedule also assumes
that permitting and regulatory approvals are simple due to the lack of significant environmental
impacts, and are secured by mid-2012. Other grant programs and funding sources besides Alaska Energy
Authority are possible such as energy project grant/loan programs of the US Dept. of Energy and the US
Dept. or Agriculture-Rural Development.
Design and Permitting
Round 4 AEA award announcements May 2011
Negotiation /final grant agreement July 2011
Authorization to proceed September 2011
Initiate permitting June 2011
Resolution of right-of-way issues summer 2011
Electrical system design - Complete May 2012
Civil engineering design May 2012
Engineer’s cost estimate August 2012
Final business and operational plan completed August 2012
RFP/bid documents October 2012
Construction -projected
Order wind turbines & towers March 2012
Turbines shipped September 2012
Final civil design and site plan August 2012
Turbines -- delivered and on site October 2012
Complete turbine install and equipment integration February 2013
Final integration and testing March 2013
Complete turbine commissioning April 2013
Secondary load controller commissioning October 2013
Atmautluak Wind-Diesel Conceptual Design/Feasibility Study
Appendix A: Atmautluak AEA Wind Energy Resource Report
www.akenergyauthority.org/programwind.html Page 1 of 9 December 2006
813 W. Northern Lights Blvd.
Anchorage, AK 99503
Phone: 907-269-3000
Fax: 907-269-3044
www.akenergyauthority.org
Wind Resource Assessment for
ATMAUTLUAK, ALASKA
Date last modified: 1/5/2007
Compiled by: Cliff Dolchok & James Jensen
SITE SUMMARY
Site #: 1045
Latitude (NAD27): 60˚ 51’ 43.9” N
Longitude (NAD27): 162˚ 16’ 53.6” W
Magnetic Declination: 14˚ 31’ East
Tower Type: 30-meter NRG Tall Tower
Sensor Heights: 30m, 20m
Elevation: 4.3 meters (14 ft)
Monitor Start: 10/21/2005 00:00
Monitor End: 12/4/06 10:50
Atmautluak lies on the west bank of the Pitmiktakik River in the Yukon-Kuskokwim
delta, 20 miles northwest of Bethel. Atmautluak is located in the Bethel Recording
District. (source: BearingSea.com)
WIND RESOURCE SUMMARY
Annual Average Wind Speed (30m height): 7.16 m/s (16.0 mph)
Average Wind Power Density (30m height): 451 W/m2
Wind Power Class (range = 1 to 7): 5
Rating (Poor, Marginal, Fair, Good, Excellent, Outstanding, Superb): Excellent
Prevailing W ind Direction: North
In October 2005, a 30-meter meteorological tower was installed in Atmautluak.
The purpose of this monitoring effort was to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing
utility-scale wind energy in the community. The meteorological data collected
allows us to estimate the potential energy production from various types of wind
turbines.
Alaska Energy Authority ATMAUTLUAK, AK Wind Resource Assessment
www.akenergyauthority.org/programwind.html Page 2 of 9 December 2006
INTRODUCTION
On initial review, the community of Atmautluak appears to be a strong candidate for wind power. The wind
resource map below shows that Atmautluak is in close proximity to areas with wind resource ratings ranging from
Class 4 to Class 6. Areas of Class 4 and higher are considered suitable for utility-scale wind power development.
Source: AW S Truewind
Figure 1. Wind Resource Map of Alaska
With support from the Alaska Energy Authority, a 30-meter tall meteorological tower was installed in the village of
Atmautluak. The purpose of this monitoring effort was to verify the wind resource in Atmautluak and evaluate the
feasibility of utilizing utility-scale wind energy in the community. This report summarizes the wind resource data
collected and the long-term energy production potential of the site.
Alaska Energy Authority ATMAUTLUAK, AK Wind Resource Assessment
www.akenergyauthority.org/programwind.html Page 3 of 9 December 2006
SITE DESCRIPTION
The photos below document the meteorological tower equipment that was installed in Atmautluak.
Figure 2. Photos of the Met Tower Installation in Atmautluak, AK
The photos in Figure 3 illustrate the surrounding ground cover and any major obstructions, which could affect how
the wind flows over the terrain from a particular direction. As shown, the landscape surrounding the met tower site
is free of obstructions and relatively flat.
SW W NW N
NE E SE S
Figure 3. Views Taken from Met Tower Base
Table 1 lists the types of sensors that were used, the channel of the data logger that each sensor was wired into,
and where each sensor was mounted on the tower.
Table 1. Summary of Sensors Installed on the Met Tower
Ch # Sensor Type Height Offset Boom Orientation Arial view of equipment on tower
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
CH1, 30m anem
CH2, 30m anem
CH3, 20m anem
Tower
CH7, 30m anem
1 #40 Anemometer 30 m NRG Standard 230˚ True
2 #40 Anemometer 30 m NRG Standard 90˚ True
3 #40 Anemometer 20 m NRG Standard 230˚ True
7 #200P Wind Vane 30 m 335˚ True 155˚ True
9 #110S Temperature 2 m NRG Standard -
Alaska Energy Authority ATMAUTLUAK, AK Wind Resource Assessment
www.akenergyauthority.org/programwind.html Page 4 of 9 December 2006
WIND DATA RESULTS FOR ATMAUTLUAK MET TOWER SITE
Table 2 summarizes the amount of data that was successfully retrieved from the data logger at the met tower site.
There was a large amount of data loss during March due to icing of the sensors. A software program called
Windographer (www.mistaya.ca) was used to fill the gaps. W indographer uses statistical methods based on
patterns in the data surrounding the gap, and is good for filling short gaps in data. As such, the data from March is
the most questionable since Windographer had to fill large gaps in data.
Table 2. Data Recovery Rate for Met Tower Anemometers
Month Data Recovery Rate Data Loss Due to Icing
Oct. 2005 98.8% 19
Nov. 2005 85.5% 536
Dec. 2005 98.5% 66
Jan. 2006 94.7% 222
Feb. 2006 99.9% 4
Mar. 2006 27.5% 890
Apr. 2006 87.0% 488
May 2006 97.8% 95
Jun. 2006 100% 0
Jul. 2006 100% 0
Aug. 2006 100% 0
Sep. 2006 100% 0
Oct. 2006 97.7% 102
Nov. 2006 92.4% 302
Dec. 2006 99.6% 2
Wind Speed Measurements
The table below summarizes the wind speed data collected at the Atmautluak met tower site.
Table 3. Summary of Atmautluak Wind Speed Data, 30-meter Height
Annual Average 7.16 m/s
Highest Month February
Lowest Month September
Hour of Peak Wind 23
Max 10-minute average 23.1 m/s
Max gust 30.2 m/s
Alaska Energy Authority ATMAUTLUAK, AK Wind Resource Assessment
www.akenergyauthority.org/programwind.html Page 5 of 9 December 2006
The seasonal wind speed profile shows that the winter months are generally windier than the summer months. The
daily wind speed profile shows that wind speeds are typically greater in the afternoon and evening h ours and
calmer in the morning. The data that makes up these graphs is listed in Table 4.
Table 4. Estimated Long-Term Wind Speeds at Met Tower Site, 30m Height (m/s)
Hour Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Avg
0 7.1 9.9 9.2 8.5 6.7 6.2 5.9 6.0 5.1 6.8 7.7 8.1 7.3
1 7.2 9.7 8.4 8.5 6.5 6.3 5.9 6.0 5.0 6.9 7.6 8.2 7.2
2 6.9 10.0 7.9 8.4 6.7 6.2 5.9 5.7 5.0 6.8 7.8 8.2 7.1
3 7.0 10.1 7.3 8.7 7.0 6.3 5.7 5.6 5.0 6.6 7.5 8.4 7.1
4 7.1 9.9 8.3 8.5 6.3 6.3 5.9 5.5 5.0 6.5 7.6 8.3 7.1
5 7.1 9.7 9.8 8.4 6.1 6.1 5.9 5.4 5.1 6.6 7.7 8.3 7.2
6 7.1 9.7 9.6 8.2 6.0 6.1 5.8 5.2 5.2 6.7 7.4 8.3 7.1
7 7.0 9.7 10.2 7.9 5.7 6.2 5.6 5.0 4.7 6.5 7.5 8.3 7.0
8 7.2 9.2 10.0 7.9 5.8 6.2 5.6 5.2 4.7 6.5 7.5 8.4 7.0
9 7.1 9.3 9.1 7.9 5.7 6.4 5.6 5.2 4.6 6.3 7.4 8.4 6.9
10 7.0 8.9 8.8 7.8 5.7 6.4 5.7 5.3 4.9 6.4 7.5 8.2 6.9
11 7.2 9.0 9.2 8.0 6.0 6.3 5.7 5.6 4.9 6.4 7.6 8.3 7.0
12 7.2 9.2 10.5 8.1 6.1 6.3 5.9 5.7 4.8 6.6 7.6 8.3 7.2
13 7.3 9.1 9.7 8.4 6.1 6.2 5.9 5.6 5.1 6.7 7.6 8.3 7.2
14 7.2 9.2 9.3 8.7 6.4 6.2 5.7 5.5 5.2 7.0 7.5 8.2 7.2
15 7.4 9.5 9.7 8.2 6.5 6.2 5.7 5.6 5.1 6.9 7.4 8.6 7.2
16 7.3 9.6 9.5 7.6 6.5 6.4 5.9 5.6 5.1 6.6 7.4 8.6 7.2
17 6.8 9.7 9.3 7.5 6.5 6.3 5.9 5.8 5.4 6.3 7.3 8.4 7.1
18 6.8 9.9 10.3 7.6 6.6 6.3 5.9 5.7 5.3 6.2 7.5 8.2 7.2
19 7.0 10.5 10.8 7.6 6.5 6.5 5.7 5.5 5.0 6.4 7.5 8.4 7.3
20 7.0 10.5 10.8 7.6 7.0 6.3 5.7 5.8 5.0 6.6 7.5 8.1 7.3
21 7.1 10.8 10.4 8.0 7.1 6.1 5.7 5.9 5.0 6.6 7.2 8.2 7.3
22 7.1 10.6 9.9 8.1 7.0 5.6 5.6 6.1 5.0 6.7 7.4 8.3 7.3
23 6.9 10.3 10.2 8.6 7.1 5.8 5.7 6.1 5.2 6.6 7.6 8.2 7.4
Avg 7.1 9.8 9.5 8.1 6.4 6.2 5.8 5.6 5.0 6.6 7.5 8.3 7.2
The estimated long-term average wind speed is 7.2 m/s (16.0 mph) at a height of 30 meters above ground level.
Wind Frequency Distribution
A common method of displaying a year of wind data is a wind frequency distribution, which shows the percent of
time that each wind speed occurs. Figure 4 shows the measured wind frequency distribution as well as the best
matched W eibull distribution, which is commonly used to approximate the wind speed frequency distribution.
Bin m/s Hrs/yr
1 72
2 290
3 518
4 728
5 962
6 1020
7 1019
8 952
9 826
10 676
11 487
12 359
13 278
14 190
15 122
16 83
17 60
18 41
Bin m/s Hrs/yr
19 24
20 16
21 10
22 8
23 4
24 4
25 4
26 2
27 1
28 2
29 1
30 1
31 1
32 0
33 0
34 0
35 0
Total: 8760
Figure 4. Wind Speed Frequency Distribution of Met Tower Data, 30-meter height
Alaska Energy Authority ATMAUTLUAK, AK Wind Resource Assessment
www.akenergyauthority.org/programwind.html Page 6 of 9 December 2006
The cut-in wind speed of many wind turbines is 4 m/s and the cut-out wind speed is usually 25 m/s. The frequency
distribution shows that about 90% of the time the wind in Atmautluak is within this operational zone.
Wind Direction
Wind power roses show the percent of total power that is available in the wind by direction. T he annual wind power
rose for the Atmautluak met tower site is shown below.
Figure 5. Annual Wind Power Rose for Met Tower Site
Monthly wind power roses for the Atmautluak met tower site are shown below. The predominant wind direction
during the winter months is north, while the summer winds tend to come from the northwest. The wind rose for
March is not accurate due to the large amount of gap filled data.
Figure 6. Monthly Wind Power Roses for Met Tower Site
Alaska Energy Authority ATMAUTLUAK, AK Wind Resource Assessment
www.akenergyauthority.org/programwind.html Page 7 of 9 December 2006
Turbulence Intensity
Turbulence intensity is the most basic measure of the turbulence of the wind. Typically, a turbulence intens ity of
around 0.10 is desired for minimal wear on wind turbine components. As shown in Figure 7, the turbulence
intensity from all directions is low and unlikely to contribute to excessive wear of wind turbines.
Dir Turbulence
Intensity
N 0.08
NE 0.10
E 0.09
SE 0.10
S 0.09
SW 0.08
W 0.09
NW 0.07
Ave 0.09
Figure 7. Turbulence Intensity Characteristics of Met Tower Site
Figure 7 plots the average turbulence intensity versus wind speed for the met tower site as well as for Category A
and B turbulence sites as defined by the International Electrotechnical Commission Standard 61400-1, 2nd Edition.
Category A represents a higher turbulence model than Category B. In this case, the met tower data is significantly
less turbulent than both categories across the whole range of wind speeds.
Wind Shear
Typically, wind speeds increase with height above ground level. This vertical variation in wind speed is called wind
shear and is influenced by surface roughness, surrounding terrain, and atmospheric stability. The met tower is
equipped with anemometers at 20 and 30-meter heights so the wind shear exponent can be calculated and used to
adjust the wind resource data to heights other t han those that were measured. Results are summarized below.
Month Wind Shear
Jan 0.12
Feb 0.26
Mar 0.21
Apr 0.18
May 0.27
Jun 0.11
Jul 0.29
Aug 0.22
Sep 0.29
Oct 0.23
Nov 0.18
Dec 0.14
Ave 0.21
Figure 8. Wind Shear Characteristics of Met Tower Site
As shown, the wind shear varies by month, direction of the wind, and time of day. The average wind shear for the
site is 0.21. T ypical values range from 0.05 to 0.25. Since 0.21 is on the high side of “typical” turbine height should
have a significant effect on wind power production.
Alaska Energy Authority ATMAUTLUAK, AK Wind Resource Assessment
www.akenergyauthority.org/programwind.html Page 8 of 9 December 2006
LONG-TERM REFERENCE STATION
The year of data collected at the met tower site can be adjusted to account for inter-annual fluctuations in the wind
resource based on long-term measurements at a nearby weather station . The weather station closest to
Atmautluak is the Bethel Airport ASOS, located about 20 miles to the southeast. The hourly measurements from
the met tower were not closely correlated with those from the Bethel airport weather station (correlation coefficient
of less than 0.60). Due to the poor correlation between the two sites no adjustments could be made. The fact that
we couldn’t adjust for inter-annual fluctuations in wind speed decreases the confidence in our wind speed
estimates. Longer period of monitoring would increase that confidence.
POTENTIAL POWER PRODUCTION FROM WIND TURBINES
Various wind turbines, listed in Table 5, were used to calculate the potential energy production at the met tower site
based on the data collected. Although different wind turbines are offered with different tower heights, to be
consistent it is assumed that any wind turbine rated at 100 kW or less would be mounted on a 30-meter tall tower,
while anything larger would be mounted on a 50-meter tower. The wind resource was adjusted to these heights
based on the measured wind shear at the site. Also, since wind turbine power curves are based on a standard air
density of 1.225 kg/m3, the wind speeds measured at the met tower site are adjusted to create standard wind
speed values that can be compared to the standard power curves
Results are shown in Table 5. Among the results is the gross capacity factor, which is defined as the actual
amount of energy produced divided by the maximum amount of energy that could be produced if the wind turbine
were to operate at rated power for the entire year. Inefficiencies such as transformer/line losses, turbine downtime,
soiling of the blades, yaw losses, array losses, and extreme weather conditions can further reduce turbine output.
The gross capacity factor is multiplied by 0.90 to account for these factors, resulting in the net capacity factor listed.
CONCLUSION
This report provides a summary of wind resource data collected from October 2005 through December 2006 in
Atmautluak, Alaska. Both the raw data and the processed data are available on the Alaska Energy Authority
website.
It is a rough estimate that the long-term annual average wind speed at the site is 7.2 m/s at a height of 30 meters
above ground level. Taking the local air density and wind speed distribution into accoun t, the average wind power
density for the site is 451 W /m2. This information means that Atmautluak has an estimated Class 5 wind resource,
which is “excellent” for wind power development. The met tower wind data set was used to make predictions as to
the potential energy production from wind turbines at the site. The net capacity factor for large scale wind turbines
would range from 24 – 38%.
Alaska Energy Authority ATMAUTLUAK, AK Wind Resource Assessment
www.akenergyauthority.org/programwind.html Page 9 of 9 December 2006
Table 5. Power Production Analysis of Various Wind Turbine Models
Wind Turbine
Options
Manufacturer
Information
Bergey
10 kW
Fuhrlander
FL30
30 kW
Entegrity
15/50
65 kW
Fuhrlander
FL100
100 kW
Northern Power
NW100
100 kW
Fuhrlander
FL250
250 kW
Vestas
V27*
225 kW
Vestas
V47*
660 kW
Tower Height 30 meters 30 meters 30 meters 50 meters 50 meters 50 meters 50 meters 50 meters
Swept Area 38.5 m2 133 m2 177 m2 348 m2 284 m2 684 m2 573 m2 1,735 m2
Weight
(nacelle & rotor) N/A 410 kg 2,420 kg 2,380 kg 7,086 kg 4,050 kg N/A N/A
Gross Energy Production (kWh/year)
Jan 2,374 11,188 18,740 36,259 29,575 82,121 74,145 248,272
Feb 2,374 11,432 20,290 38,523 31,354 86,292 77,962 256,118
Mar 2,506 11,959 20,609 39,481 32,170 87,654 79,595 263,588
Apr 1,657 7,677 11,686 23,300 19,040 50,789 46,499 162,511
May 1,807 8,349 12,932 25,632 20,950 56,579 51,642 179,533
Jun 1,436 6,686 9,837 19,789 16,153 43,187 39,464 139,897
July 1,250 5,907 8,477 17,139 13,954 40,128 36,619 130,924
Aug 1,791 8,311 12,795 25,407 20,753 62,436 56,969 196,264
Sep 1,910 8,860 14,030 27,645 22,598 67,342 61,685 209,774
Oct 2,071 9,626 15,415 30,273 24,726 70,964 64,580 219,479
Nov 1,892 8,712 13,709 27,106 22,153 63,305 57,723 197,903
Dec 2,165 10,121 16,466 32,146 26,267 73,911 67,079 227,042
Annual 23,233 108,828 174,985 342,696 279,693 784,705 713,961 2,431,302
Annual Average Capacity Factor
Gross CF 27% 41% 30% 39% 32% 36% 36% 42%
Net CF 24% 37% 27% 35% 29% 32% 33% 38%
1
Atmautluak Wind-Diesel Conceptual Design/Feasibility Study
Appendix B: Atmautluak Site & Powerhouse Field Visit Report
Brian Yanity visited Atmautluak on September 2, 2010 to assess the diesel power generation system,
switchgear and ancillary equipment, as well as inspect possible wind turbine sites. Atmautluak Joint
Utilities staff provided tours of the existing diesel powerhouse, the prospective wind turbine sites, as
well as documentation and drawings. Daniel Waska, Atmautluak Tribal Administrator, presented a map
with potential wind turbine sites identified by the community: a preferred site and an “alternate” site
(see photos below).
The wind-diesel project concept, and pending grant proposal to the Alaska Energy Authority’s
Renewable Energy Fund, was presented at a community meeting hosted by the Atmautluak Traditional
Council. At the community meeting, several residents expressed report for wind energy, saying that a
reduction in the community’s overall diesel fuel consumption is highly desired. No concerns were
expressed other than a question about how the state grant funds would be administered.
Atmautluak Joint Utilities- Existing Power System
The cost of fuel purchased by Atmautluak Joint Utilities in 2010 was reported as $3.3688/gallon
(although some fuel purchased for $5.20/gallon was shipped in during the winter of 2010 due to a
temporary fuel shortage). The reported pre-subsidy retail cost of electricity for 2010 is $0.69860/kWh.
The reported retail rate for other fuels in Atmautluak was $5.45/gallon for heating fuel, $5.50/gallon for
gasoline.
The three diesel generator sets in the existing powerhouse (see photos below):
Genset
#
Capacity Generator Engine
1 180 kW
225 kVA
Marathon Electric
MangaPlus 432PSL1268 (older generator)
Serial # LM-217323-TO95
John Deere 6081HF070
Serial # RG6081H296673
2 250 kW
313 kVA
Marathon Electric
MangaMax DVR 433RSL4019
Serial # WA-568180-0109
John Deere 6081HF070
Serial # RG6081H296672
3 117 kW
146 kVA
Marathon Electric
MangaPlus 431CSL6202
Serial # 705888-0209
John Deere 4045HF485
Serial # 4045HF485
Total generation capacity: 576 kW
The engines, control systems and two of the generators were installed in 2008 by Marsh Creek LLC. The
John Deere diesel engines have electronic isochronous governors, and the the power house has
automated switchgear, with Woodward easYgen 3000 generator control panels and Satek PM130EH
power meters.
2
The Atmautluak School has its own diesel generator (see photos below), which is connected to the local
distribution system of Atmautluak Joint Utilities. This generator is used as backup for the school if the
community power generation system is down, or to relieve energy demand on the Atmautluak Joint
Utilities power plant. For example, the power plant operator reported that the school’s generator was
turned on for several days in August 2010 to reduce load on the overall community grid when the
Atmautluak Joint Utilities power plant was experience high temperatures on its diesel engines during
relatively warm weather.
Heat Recovery and District Heat System Potential
There is no form of heat recovery presently employed at the diesel powerhouse, nor is there any kind of
local district heating system.
Potential discretionary electric identified heating loads for a future wind-diesel system:
Electric boiler system at the school
An electric boiler/recovered heat module could be installed next to the existing diesel
powerhouse, with a hot water pipe (hydronic heating loop) extending a length of approximately
900’ to the store, tribal office, washeteria and school. The central location of all of these
buildings, in relation to the existing power plant, could make a district heating system
economically feasible.
Existing electric heat trace system used for sewer and water lines.
Met Tower Site
Location: 60° 51.686’ N, 162° 17.032’ W (NAD83 coordinates converted from NAD27 coordinates of the
site reported in the 2007 Alaska Energy Authority wind resource report, see Appendix A)
This is the location of the Alaska Energy Authority met tower installed in Atmautluak between October
2005 and December 2006.
Preferred Wind Turbine Site, “site 1”
Location (NAD83): 60° 51.728’ N, 162° 17.225’ W
The community’s preferred wind turbine site, “site 1”, is located about 0.45 miles northwest of the
Atmautluak power plant, and about 800 feet NW of the location where the met tower was installed
between 2005 and 2006 (see coordinates above). The site is located entirely on land owned by
Atmautluak Limited, the local village corporation.
A 25’ wide right-of-way easement exists through this site for a winter trail between Bethel and
Nunapitchuk that is no longer used, but is recorded in BLM records. Today, a different trail is now used
in winter. Atmautluak Traditional Council is working with BLM on this issue, and is expected to resolve
this issue in the near future.
3
Preferred wind turbine site, facing north
Preferred wind turbine site, facing east
4
Preferred wind turbine site, facing southeast
Preferred wind turbine site, facing south
5
Preferred wind turbine site, facing southwest
Preferred wind turbine site, facing west
6
Alternate Wind Turbine Site, “site 2”
Location (NAD83): 60° 51.229’ N, 162° 17.102’ W
The site is located entirely on land owned by Atmautluak Limited, the local village corporation.
A particularly marshy area exists between the existing boardwalk/power line/homes and this site. After
freezeup, this area is more heavily used area than the preferred wind turbine site.
Alternate wind turbine site, facing north
7
Alternate wind turbine site, facing northeast
Alternate wind turbine site, facing east
8
Alternate wind turbine site, facing south
Alternate wind turbine site, facing west
9
Power Plant
Location (NAD83): 60° 51.418’ N, 162° 16.748’ W
Atmautluak Joint Utilities powerhouse, with tank farm in the background
Atmautluak Joint Utilties powerhouse, interior
10
Atmautluak School
Location (NAD83): 60° 51.410’ N, 162° 16.611’ W (pedestrian bridge over utilidor near school)
–
Utility pipes outside Atmautluak School
Utility pipes and generator/heat plant outside Atmautluak School
11
Utility pipes and generator/heat plant are outside Atmautluak School
Generator/heat plant area and fuel tank outside Atmautluak School
1
Atmautluak Wind-Diesel Conceptual Design/Feasibility Study
Appendix C: Environmental Review Checklist Memo
The environmental permitting steps below are based on the publication Alaska Wind Energy
Development: Best Practices Guide to Environmental Permitting and Consultations, a study done by the
URS Corporation for the Alaska Energy Authority in 2009.
Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation
Alaska Pollution Discharge Elimination System
State regulations (18 AAC 83 APDES) require that all discharges, including storm water runoff, to surface
waters be permitted under the Alaska Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (APDES) permit program,
which aims to reduce or eliminate stormwater runoff that might contain pollutants or sediments from a
project site during construction. The construction of one or more wind turbines, and the connecting
access road and power line, in Atmautluak would likely disturb one acre or more of soil, and thus must
be permitted under the State of Alaska’s Construction General Permit (CGP) and have a Storm Water
Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP). The construction contractor must submit a Notice of Intent (NOI) to
Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) before submitting a SWPPP. The DEC issues
the final APDES permit for the project after review and public comment periods.
US Fish and Wildlife Service and National Marine Fisheries Service
Atmautluak is located in an area that is mapped by the Anchorage Fish and Wildlife Field Office as “No
Consultation Necessary” for listed species under the Endangered Species Act. This map is called “ESA
Listed Species Consultation Guide – Anchorage Fish and Wildlife Field Office”. The legend states “If your
project is located within Solid Green on this map, there are no listed species present within your project
area and no consultation is necessary.”
Atmautluak Traditional Council must also be aware of USFWS regulations and guidance under Migratory
Bird Treaty Act, which prohibits the taking of active bird nests, their eggs and young. USFWS has
developed “Bird Windows” statewide that prohibit clearing and construction activity. The bird window
in the Atmautluak area is May 5 to July 25 except for Canada geese and swan habitat where the window
begins April 20 and for black scoter habitat where the window closes August 10. Clearing before or after
these dates is allowed. Clearing and construction activity during the window is not allowed.
2
USFWS Wind Turbine Guidelines Advisory Committee developed guidelines and recommendations for
wind power projects to avoid impacts to birds and bats. These recommendations were sent to the
Secretary of the Interior in March 2010 and should be referred to during design and construction.
Federal Aviation Administration
Determination of No Hazard to Air Navigation-
Atmautluak Traditional Council will be required to file an FAA Form 7460-1 (Notice of Proposed
Construction or Alteration), as the proposed wind turbine site(s) are less than one mile from the
Atmautluak airport. Obstruction lighting on the wind turbine(s) is likely to be required.
Alaska Department of Natural Resources
Alaska Coastal Management Program consistency review-
The Alaska Department of Natural Resources (ADNR)-administered Alaska Coastal Management
Program (ACMP) evaluates projects within the Coastal Zone, which includes Atmautluak, for consistency
with statewide standards and other local Coastal District enforceable policies. The ACMP consistency
review is a coordination process involving all federal and state permitting authorities within the
Ceñaliuriit Coastal Resource Service Area (CRSA), where Atmautluak is located.
The project design consultant will, on behalf of Atmautluak Traditional Council, fill out a Coastal Project
Questionnaire (CPQ) and consistency evaluation form and submit it to ADNR’s Division of Coastal and
Ocean Management (DCOM). After a public comment and review period, DCOM will issue a final
consistency determination.
State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) consultation-
The project design consultant will complete a consultation under Section 106 of the Historic
Preservation Act with the State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO), to receive a letter concurring that a
wind project would affect no historic properties.
US Army Corps of Engineers
The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) requires the placement of fill in “waters of the United States”,
including wetlands and streams, under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (CWA). Because much or all
of the proposed wind turbine site(s) in Atmautluak are located on wetlands, Atmautluak Traditional
Council must receive a Section 404 permit from the Alaska District USACE.
1
Atmautluak Wind-Diesel Conceptual Design/Feasibility Study
Appendix D: HOMER Analysis
Included in this appendix are HOMER Systems Reports for modeling the following six scenarios:
Two, one and zero (base case) NW100 turbines at $4/gallon ($1.06/liter) fuel cost
Two, one and zero (base case) NW100 turbines at $5/gallon ($1.32/liter) fuel cost
Main Assumptions:
$1,300,000 total installed cost for 1-turbine (100 kW) wind system
$2,000,000 total installed cost for 2-turbine (200 kW) wind system
Annual O&M costs are $5,000 for each wind turbine
2% interest rate
25 year project life
Assumed fuel cost is fixed for the 25-year project, and does not increase.
The annual electric energy consumption of approximately 679,000 kWh (based on Atmautluak’s
2009 generation statistics) is fixed, and does not increase.
The generation-only cost of diesel-generated electricity at the Atmautluak power plant is
$0.46/kWh at $4/gallon fuel cost, given a generation efficiency of 12.6 kWh/gallon (based on
Atmautluak Joint Utilities 2009 statistics).
The non-generation cost of electricity in Atmautluak is assumed to be $0.24/kWh, which
combined with the assumed diesel generation cost of $0.46, is equivalent to the present retail
rate of electricity of approximately $0.70/kWh (the diesel-only base case).
Only the two newest existing diesel gensets in the Atmautluak power plant will be used:
o Generator 2 (250 kW)
o Generator 3 (117 kW)
System Report - Atmautluak wind diesel.hmr
Sensitivity case
System architecture
Cost summary
Net Present Costs
Annualized Costs
Diesel Price: 1.06 $/L
Wind turbine 2 Northern Power NW100/19
Generator 2 250 kW
Generator 3 117 kW
Total net present cost $ 5,957,854
Levelized cost of energy $ 0.449/kWh
Operating cost $ 202,723/yr
Component
Capital Replacement O&M Fuel Salvage Total
($)($)($)($)($)($)
Northern Power NW100/19 2,000,000 0 195,235 0 0 2,195,235
Generator 2 0 0 170,264 492,882 -25,981 637,165
Generator 3 0 137,285 1,059,607 1,944,267 -15,703 3,125,455
System 2,000,000 137,285 1,425,105 2,437,150 -41,684 5,957,855
Component
Capital Replacement O&M Fuel Salvage Total
($/yr)($/yr)($/yr)($/yr)($/yr)($/yr)
Northern Power NW100/19 102,441 0 10,000 0 0 112,441
Generator 2 0 0 8,721 25,246 -1,331 32,636
Generator 3 0 7,032 54,274 99,586 -804 160,087
System 102,441 7,032 72,995 124,832 -2,135 305,164
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Electrical
AC Wind Turbine: Northern Power NW100/19
Component
Production Fraction
(kWh/yr)
Wind turbines 559,984 63%
Generator 2 87,362 10%
Generator 3 244,749 27%
Total 892,095 100%
Load
Consumption Fraction
(kWh/yr)
AC primary load 678,898 100%
Total 678,898 100%
Quantity Value Units
Excess electricity 213,193 kWh/yr
Unmet load 0.00220 kWh/yr
Capacity shortage 0.00 kWh/yr
Renewable fraction 0.628
Variable Value Units
Total rated capacity 200 kW
Mean output 63.9 kW
Capacity factor 32.0 %
Total production 559,984 kWh/yr
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Generator 2
Generator 3
Variable Value Units
Minimum output 0.00 kW
Maximum output 202 kW
Wind penetration 82.5 %
Hours of operation 7,839 hr/yr
Levelized cost 0.201 $/kWh
Quantity Value Units
Hours of operation 918 hr/yr
Number of starts 158 starts/yr
Operational life 43.6 yr
Capacity factor 3.99 %
Fixed generation cost 27.9 $/hr
Marginal generation cost 0.122 $/kWhyr
Quantity Value Units
Electrical production 87,362 kWh/yr
Mean electrical output 95.2 kW
Min. electrical output 85.0 kW
Max. electrical output 125 kW
Quantity Value Units
Fuel consumption 23,817 L/yr
Specific fuel consumption 0.273 L/kWh
Fuel energy input 234,356 kWh/yr
Mean electrical efficiency 37.3 %
Quantity Value Units
Hours of operation 5,713 hr/yr
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Emissions
Number of starts 516 starts/yr
Operational life 7.00 yr
Capacity factor 23.9 %
Fixed generation cost 18.4 $/hr
Marginal generation cost 0.233 $/kWhyr
Quantity Value Units
Electrical production 244,749 kWh/yr
Mean electrical output 42.8 kW
Min. electrical output 11.7 kW
Max. electrical output 85.0 kW
Quantity Value Units
Fuel consumption 93,949 L/yr
Specific fuel consumption 0.384 L/kWh
Fuel energy input 924,461 kWh/yr
Mean electrical efficiency 26.5 %
Pollutant Emissions (kg/yr)
Carbon dioxide 310,116
Carbon monoxide 765
Unburned hydocarbons 84.8
Particulate matter 57.7
Sulfur dioxide 623
Nitrogen oxides 6,830
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System Report - Atmautluak wind diesel.hmr
Sensitivity case
System architecture
Cost summary
Net Present Costs
Annualized Costs
Diesel Price: 1.06 $/L
Wind turbine 1 Northern Power NW100/19
Generator 2 250 kW
Generator 3 117 kW
Total net present cost $ 6,293,314
Levelized cost of energy $ 0.475/kWh
Operating cost $ 255,760/yr
Component
Capital Replacement O&M Fuel Salvage Total
($)($)($)($)($)($)
Northern Power NW100/19 1,300,000 0 97,617 0 0 1,397,618
Generator 2 0 0 210,141 608,583 -17,791 800,933
Generator 3 0 184,650 1,363,226 2,561,746 -14,857 4,094,764
System 1,300,000 184,650 1,670,984 3,170,329 -32,648 6,293,316
Component
Capital Replacement O&M Fuel Salvage Total
($/yr)($/yr)($/yr)($/yr)($/yr)($/yr)
Northern Power NW100/19 66,587 0 5,000 0 0 71,587
Generator 2 0 0 10,764 31,172 -911 41,024
Generator 3 0 9,458 69,825 131,214 -761 209,736
System 66,587 9,458 85,589 162,386 -1,672 322,346
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Electrical
AC Wind Turbine: Northern Power NW100/19
Component
Production Fraction
(kWh/yr)
Wind turbine 279,992 39%
Generator 2 107,934 15%
Generator 3 328,131 46%
Total 716,058 100%
Load
Consumption Fraction
(kWh/yr)
AC primary load 678,898 100%
Total 678,898 100%
Quantity Value Units
Excess electricity 37,162 kWh/yr
Unmet load 0.00299 kWh/yr
Capacity shortage 0.00 kWh/yr
Renewable fraction 0.391
Variable Value Units
Total rated capacity 100 kW
Mean output 32.0 kW
Capacity factor 32.0 %
Total production 279,992 kWh/yr
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Generator 2
Generator 3
Variable Value Units
Minimum output 0.00 kW
Maximum output 101 kW
Wind penetration 41.2 %
Hours of operation 7,839 hr/yr
Levelized cost 0.256 $/kWh
Quantity Value Units
Hours of operation 1,133 hr/yr
Number of starts 191 starts/yr
Operational life 35.3 yr
Capacity factor 4.93 %
Fixed generation cost 27.9 $/hr
Marginal generation cost 0.122 $/kWhyr
Quantity Value Units
Electrical production 107,934 kWh/yr
Mean electrical output 95.3 kW
Min. electrical output 85.0 kW
Max. electrical output 125 kW
Quantity Value Units
Fuel consumption 29,407 L/yr
Specific fuel consumption 0.272 L/kWh
Fuel energy input 289,369 kWh/yr
Mean electrical efficiency 37.3 %
Quantity Value Units
Hours of operation 7,350 hr/yr
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Emissions
Number of starts 272 starts/yr
Operational life 5.44 yr
Capacity factor 32.0 %
Fixed generation cost 18.4 $/hr
Marginal generation cost 0.233 $/kWhyr
Quantity Value Units
Electrical production 328,131 kWh/yr
Mean electrical output 44.6 kW
Min. electrical output 11.7 kW
Max. electrical output 85.0 kW
Quantity Value Units
Fuel consumption 123,787 L/yr
Specific fuel consumption 0.377 L/kWh
Fuel energy input 1,218,060 kWh/yr
Mean electrical efficiency 26.9 %
Pollutant Emissions (kg/yr)
Carbon dioxide 403,410
Carbon monoxide 996
Unburned hydocarbons 110
Particulate matter 75.1
Sulfur dioxide 810
Nitrogen oxides 8,885
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System Report - Atmautluak wind diesel.hmr
Sensitivity case
System architecture
Cost summary
Net Present Costs
Annualized Costs
Diesel Price: 1.06 $/L
Generator 2250 kW
Generator 3117 kW
Total net present cost $ 6,048,718
Levelized cost of energy $ 0.456/kWh
Operating cost $ 309,818/yr
Component
Capital Replacement O&M Fuel Salvage Total
($)($)($)($)($)($)
Generator 2 0 76,521 549,000 1,597,822 -9,143 2,214,199
Generator 3 0 137,831 1,075,743 2,634,662 -13,714 3,834,520
System 0 214,352 1,624,742 4,232,483 -22,857 6,048,720
Component
Capital Replacement O&M Fuel Salvage Total
($/yr)($/yr)($/yr)($/yr)($/yr)($/yr)
Generator 2 0 3,919 28,120 81,841 -468 113,412
Generator 3 0 7,060 55,100 134,949 -702 196,406
System 0 10,979 83,220 216,790 -1,171 309,818
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Electrical
Generator 2
Component
Production Fraction
(kWh/yr)
Generator 2 285,291 42%
Generator 3 393,608 58%
Total 678,899 100%
Load
Consumption Fraction
(kWh/yr)
AC primary load 678,898 100%
Total 678,898 100%
Quantity Value Units
Excess electricity 0.00000191 kWh/yr
Unmet load 0.00 kWh/yr
Capacity shortage 0.00 kWh/yr
Renewable fraction 0.000
Quantity Value Units
Hours of operation 2,960 hr/yr
Number of starts 345 starts/yr
Operational life 13.5 yr
Capacity factor 13.0 %
Fixed generation cost 27.9 $/hr
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Generator 3
Marginal generation cost 0.122 $/kWhyr
Quantity Value Units
Electrical production 285,291 kWh/yr
Mean electrical output 96.4 kW
Min. electrical output 85.0 kW
Max. electrical output 151 kW
Quantity Value Units
Fuel consumption 77,209 L/yr
Specific fuel consumption 0.271 L/kWh
Fuel energy input 759,733 kWh/yr
Mean electrical efficiency 37.6 %
Quantity Value Units
Hours of operation 5,800 hr/yr
Number of starts 344 starts/yr
Operational life 6.90 yr
Capacity factor 38.4 %
Fixed generation cost 18.4 $/hr
Marginal generation cost 0.233 $/kWhyr
Quantity Value Units
Electrical production 393,608 kWh/yr
Mean electrical output 67.9 kW
Min. electrical output 29.3 kW
Max. electrical output 85.0 kW
Quantity Value Units
Fuel consumption 127,310 L/yr
Specific fuel consumption 0.323 L/kWh
Fuel energy input 1,252,729 kWh/yr
Mean electrical efficiency 31.4 %
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Emissions
Pollutant Emissions (kg/yr)
Carbon dioxide 538,564
Carbon monoxide 1,329
Unburned hydocarbons 147
Particulate matter 100
Sulfur dioxide 1,082
Nitrogen oxides 11,862
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System Report - Atmautluak wind diesel.hmr
Sensitivity case
System architecture
Cost summary
Net Present Costs
Annualized Costs
Diesel Price: 1.32 $/L
Wind turbine 2 Northern Power NW100/19
Generator 2 250 kW
Generator 3 117 kW
Total net present cost $ 6,554,500
Levelized cost of energy $ 0.495/kWh
Operating cost $ 233,283/yr
Component
Capital Replacement O&M Fuel Salvage Total
($)($)($)($)($)($)
Northern Power NW100/19 2,000,000 0 195,235 0 0 2,195,235
Generator 2 0 0 186,586 669,719 -22,629 833,676
Generator 3 0 136,718 1,043,285 2,363,302 -17,715 3,525,590
System 2,000,000 136,718 1,425,105 3,033,021 -40,343 6,554,501
Component
Capital Replacement O&M Fuel Salvage Total
($/yr)($/yr)($/yr)($/yr)($/yr)($/yr)
Northern Power NW100/19 102,441 0 10,000 0 0 112,441
Generator 2 0 0 9,557 34,303 -1,159 42,701
Generator 3 0 7,003 53,438 121,049 -907 180,582
System 102,441 7,003 72,995 155,353 -2,066 335,724
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Electrical
AC Wind Turbine: Northern Power NW100/19
Component
Production Fraction
(kWh/yr)
Wind turbines 559,984 63%
Generator 2 94,759 11%
Generator 3 237,351 27%
Total 892,095 100%
Load
Consumption Fraction
(kWh/yr)
AC primary load 678,898 100%
Total 678,898 100%
Quantity Value Units
Excess electricity 213,193 kWh/yr
Unmet load 0.00208 kWh/yr
Capacity shortage 0.00 kWh/yr
Renewable fraction 0.628
Variable Value Units
Total rated capacity 200 kW
Mean output 63.9 kW
Capacity factor 32.0 %
Total production 559,984 kWh/yr
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Generator 2
Generator 3
Variable Value Units
Minimum output 0.00 kW
Maximum output 202 kW
Wind penetration 82.5 %
Hours of operation 7,839 hr/yr
Levelized cost 0.201 $/kWh
Quantity Value Units
Hours of operation 1,006 hr/yr
Number of starts 174 starts/yr
Operational life 39.8 yr
Capacity factor 4.33 %
Fixed generation cost 31.8 $/hr
Marginal generation cost 0.152 $/kWhyr
Quantity Value Units
Electrical production 94,759 kWh/yr
Mean electrical output 94.2 kW
Min. electrical output 83.2 kW
Max. electrical output 125 kW
Quantity Value Units
Fuel consumption 25,987 L/yr
Specific fuel consumption 0.274 L/kWh
Fuel energy input 255,715 kWh/yr
Mean electrical efficiency 37.1 %
Quantity Value Units
Hours of operation 5,625 hr/yr
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Emissions
Number of starts 531 starts/yr
Operational life 7.11 yr
Capacity factor 23.2 %
Fixed generation cost 20.3 $/hr
Marginal generation cost 0.290 $/kWhyr
Quantity Value Units
Electrical production 237,351 kWh/yr
Mean electrical output 42.2 kW
Min. electrical output 11.7 kW
Max. electrical output 83.2 kW
Quantity Value Units
Fuel consumption 91,704 L/yr
Specific fuel consumption 0.386 L/kWh
Fuel energy input 902,368 kWh/yr
Mean electrical efficiency 26.3 %
Pollutant Emissions (kg/yr)
Carbon dioxide 309,920
Carbon monoxide 765
Unburned hydocarbons 84.7
Particulate matter 57.7
Sulfur dioxide 622
Nitrogen oxides 6,826
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System Report - Atmautluak wind diesel.hmr
Sensitivity case
System architecture
Cost summary
Net Present Costs
Annualized Costs
Diesel Price: 1.32 $/L
Wind turbine 1 Northern Power NW100/19
Generator 2 250 kW
Generator 3 117 kW
Total net present cost $ 7,069,349
Levelized cost of energy $ 0.533/kWh
Operating cost $ 295,509/yr
Component
Capital Replacement O&M Fuel Salvage Total
($)($)($)($)($)($)
Northern Power NW100/19 1,300,000 0 97,617 0 0 1,397,618
Generator 2 0 0 232,768 835,411 -13,143 1,055,036
Generator 3 0 183,858 1,340,598 3,109,887 -17,646 4,616,696
System 1,300,000 183,858 1,670,984 3,945,297 -30,789 7,069,349
Component
Capital Replacement O&M Fuel Salvage Total
($/yr)($/yr)($/yr)($/yr)($/yr)($/yr)
Northern Power NW100/19 66,587 0 5,000 0 0 71,587
Generator 2 0 0 11,923 42,790 -673 54,039
Generator 3 0 9,417 68,666 159,290 -904 236,469
System 66,587 9,417 85,589 202,080 -1,577 362,095
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Electrical
AC Wind Turbine: Northern Power NW100/19
Component
Production Fraction
(kWh/yr)
Wind turbine 279,992 39%
Generator 2 118,189 17%
Generator 3 317,877 44%
Total 716,058 100%
Load
Consumption Fraction
(kWh/yr)
AC primary load 678,898 100%
Total 678,898 100%
Quantity Value Units
Excess electricity 37,162 kWh/yr
Unmet load 0.00280 kWh/yr
Capacity shortage 0.00 kWh/yr
Renewable fraction 0.391
Variable Value Units
Total rated capacity 100 kW
Mean output 32.0 kW
Capacity factor 32.0 %
Total production 279,992 kWh/yr
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Generator 2
Generator 3
Variable Value Units
Minimum output 0.00 kW
Maximum output 101 kW
Wind penetration 41.2 %
Hours of operation 7,839 hr/yr
Levelized cost 0.256 $/kWh
Quantity Value Units
Hours of operation 1,255 hr/yr
Number of starts 198 starts/yr
Operational life 31.9 yr
Capacity factor 5.40 %
Fixed generation cost 31.8 $/hr
Marginal generation cost 0.152 $/kWhyr
Quantity Value Units
Electrical production 118,189 kWh/yr
Mean electrical output 94.2 kW
Min. electrical output 83.2 kW
Max. electrical output 125 kW
Quantity Value Units
Fuel consumption 32,417 L/yr
Specific fuel consumption 0.274 L/kWh
Fuel energy input 318,981 kWh/yr
Mean electrical efficiency 37.1 %
Quantity Value Units
Hours of operation 7,228 hr/yr
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Emissions
Number of starts 279 starts/yr
Operational life 5.53 yr
Capacity factor 31.0 %
Fixed generation cost 20.3 $/hr
Marginal generation cost 0.290 $/kWhyr
Quantity Value Units
Electrical production 317,877 kWh/yr
Mean electrical output 44.0 kW
Min. electrical output 11.7 kW
Max. electrical output 83.2 kW
Quantity Value Units
Fuel consumption 120,674 L/yr
Specific fuel consumption 0.380 L/kWh
Fuel energy input 1,187,432 kWh/yr
Mean electrical efficiency 26.8 %
Pollutant Emissions (kg/yr)
Carbon dioxide 403,138
Carbon monoxide 995
Unburned hydocarbons 110
Particulate matter 75
Sulfur dioxide 810
Nitrogen oxides 8,879
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System Report - Atmautluak wind diesel.hmr
Sensitivity case
System architecture
Cost summary
Net Present Costs
Annualized Costs
Diesel Price: 1.32 $/L
Generator 2250 kW
Generator 3117 kW
Total net present cost $ 7,085,383
Levelized cost of energy $ 0.535/kWh
Operating cost $ 362,916/yr
Component
Capital Replacement O&M Fuel Salvage Total
($)($)($)($)($)($)
Generator 2 0 140,283 608,907 2,195,151 -57,791 2,886,551
Generator 3 0 135,730 1,015,835 3,068,366 -21,097 4,198,834
System 0 276,014 1,624,742 5,263,517 -78,889 7,085,383
Component
Capital Replacement O&M Fuel Salvage Total
($/yr)($/yr)($/yr)($/yr)($/yr)($/yr)
Generator 2 0 7,185 31,189 112,437 -2,960 147,850
Generator 3 0 6,952 52,032 157,163 -1,081 215,066
System 0 14,138 83,220 269,600 -4,041 362,916
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Electrical
Generator 2
Component
Production Fraction
(kWh/yr)
Generator 2 312,471 46%
Generator 3 366,428 54%
Total 678,899 100%
Load
Consumption Fraction
(kWh/yr)
AC primary load 678,898 100%
Total 678,898 100%
Quantity Value Units
Excess electricity 0.00000191 kWh/yr
Unmet load 0.00 kWh/yr
Capacity shortage 0.00 kWh/yr
Renewable fraction 0.000
Quantity Value Units
Hours of operation 3,283 hr/yr
Number of starts 299 starts/yr
Operational life 12.2 yr
Capacity factor 14.3 %
Fixed generation cost 31.8 $/hr
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Generator 3
Marginal generation cost 0.152 $/kWhyr
Quantity Value Units
Electrical production 312,471 kWh/yr
Mean electrical output 95.2 kW
Min. electrical output 83.2 kW
Max. electrical output 151 kW
Quantity Value Units
Fuel consumption 85,179 L/yr
Specific fuel consumption 0.273 L/kWh
Fuel energy input 838,164 kWh/yr
Mean electrical efficiency 37.3 %
Quantity Value Units
Hours of operation 5,477 hr/yr
Number of starts 298 starts/yr
Operational life 7.30 yr
Capacity factor 35.8 %
Fixed generation cost 20.3 $/hr
Marginal generation cost 0.290 $/kWhyr
Quantity Value Units
Electrical production 366,428 kWh/yr
Mean electrical output 66.9 kW
Min. electrical output 29.3 kW
Max. electrical output 83.2 kW
Quantity Value Units
Fuel consumption 119,063 L/yr
Specific fuel consumption 0.325 L/kWh
Fuel energy input 1,171,579 kWh/yr
Mean electrical efficiency 31.3 %
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Emissions
Pollutant Emissions (kg/yr)
Carbon dioxide 537,837
Carbon monoxide 1,328
Unburned hydocarbons 147
Particulate matter 100
Sulfur dioxide 1,080
Nitrogen oxides 11,846
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Atmautluak Wind-Diesel Conceptual Design/Feasibility Study
Appendix E: Manufacturer-provided Specification Sheets
Northern Power Systems Northwind100 Arctic specification sheet
Northern Power Systems Northwind100 specification sheet
Bergey BWC EXCEL S turbine specification sheet
www.northernpower.com
Specifications
4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5
0
50
150
100
200
250
300
350
400
Annual Average Wind Speed at Hub Height (m/s)Energy (MWh)Average
Annual Wind
Speed
(m/s)
Average
Annual Wind
Speed
(mph)
Annual
Energy
Output
(MWh/yr)
8.9 4.0 77
10 4.5 110
11 5.0 145
12 5.5 183
13 6.0 222
15 6.5 260
16 7.0 298
17 7.5 334
18 8.0 368
19 8.5 400
*Annual energy production estimates assume
standard conditions, 100% availability and no losses.
Annual energy production*: 21-meter rotor Standard Air Density, Rayleigh Wind Speed Distribution
power curve: 21-meter rotor Standard Air Density (1.225 kg/m3)
Wind Speed
(m/s)
Wind Speed
(m/s)
Power
(kWe)
Power
(kWe)
1 0
2 0
3 0
4 3.7
5 10.5
6 19.0
7 29.4
8 41.0
9 54.3
10 66.8
11 77.7
12 86.4
13 92.8
1 m/s = 2.24 mph
14 97.3
15 100.0
16 100.8
17 100.6
18 99.8
19 99.4
20 98.6
21 97.8
22 97.3
23 97.3
24 98.0
25 99.7
0
10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
20
40
60
80
100
120
Wind Speed at Hub Height (m/s)Electric Power (kWe)
www.northernpower.com
Specifications
Northwind is a registered trademark of Northern Power Systems.
GenerAl confiGurAtion Description
Model Northwind 100 ARCTIC
Design Class Class S (air density 1.34 kg/m3, average annual wind below 8.3 m/s, 50-yr peak gust below 56 m/s)
Design Life 20 years
Hub Height 37 m (121 ft) / 30 m (98 ft)
Tower Type Tubular steel monopole
Orientation Upwind
Rotor Diameter 21 m (69 ft)
Power Regulation Variable speed, stall control
performAnce Description
(based on annual average air density of 1.34 kg/m3, equivalent to -10°C (14°F) at sea level)
Rated Electrical Power 100 kW, 3 Phase, 480 VAC, 60 Hz
Rated Wind Speed 14.5 m/s (32.4 mph)
Maximum Rotation Speed 59 rpm
Cut-In Wind Speed 3.5 m/s (7.8 mph)
Cut-Out Wind Speed 25 m/s (56 mph)
Extreme Wind Speed 56 m/s (125 mph)
weiGht Description
Rotor (21-meter) 1,400 kg (3,100 lbs)
Nacelle (standard) 5,800 kg (13,000 lbs)
Tower (37-meter) 13,800 kg (30,000 lbs)
Drive trAin Description
Gearbox Type No gearbox (direct drive)
Generator Type Permanent magnet, passively cooled
BrAkinG system Description
Service Brake Type Two motor-controlled calipers
Normal Shutdown Brake Generator dynamic brake and two motor-controlled calipers
Emergency Shutdown Brake Generator dynamic brake and two spring-applied calipers
yAw system Description
Controls Active, electromechanically driven with wind direction/speed sensors and automatic cable unwind
control/electricAl system Description
Controller Type DSP-based multiprocessor embedded platform
Converter Type Pulse-width modulated IGBT frequency converter
Monitoring System SmartView Remote Monitoring System, ModBus TCP over Ethernet
Power Factor Set point adjustable between 0.9 lagging and 0.9 leading
Reactive Power +/- 45 kVAR
noise Description
Apparent Noise Level Less than 55 dBA at the base of the tower
environmentAl specificAtions Description
Temperature Range: Operational -40°C to 50°C (-40°F to 122°F)
Temperature Range: Storage -40°C to 55°C (-40°F to 131°F)
IP Class: Generator/Nacelle IP55/IP54
Lightning Protection Receptors in blades, nacelle lightning rod and electrical surge protection
Icing Protection Turbine designed in accordance with Germanischer Lloyd Wind Guidelines Edition 2003
Blades Treated with black hydrophobic polymer coating to minimize icing
All Specifications subject to change without notice.SS-090901-02
www.northernpower.com
Average
Annual Wind
Speed
(m/s)
Average
Annual Wind
Speed
(mph)
Annual
Energy
Output
(MWh/yr)
8.9 4.0 77
10 4.5 110
11 5.0 145
12 5.5 183
13 6.0 222
15 6.5 260
16 7.0 298
17 7.5 334
18 8.0 368
19 8.5 400
*Annual energy production estimates assume
standard conditions, 100% availability and no losses.
Specifications
4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5
0
50
150
100
200
250
300
350
400
Annual Average Wind Speed at Hub Height (m/s)Energy (MWh)Annual energy production*: 21-meter rotor Standard Air Density, Rayleigh Wind Speed Distribution
power curve: 21-meter rotor Standard Air Density (1.225 kg/m3)
Wind Speed
(m/s)
Wind Speed
(m/s)
Power
(kWe)
Power
(kWe)
1 0
2 0
3 0
4 3.7
5 10.5
6 19.0
7 29.4
8 41.0
9 54.3
10 66.8
11 77.7
12 86.4
13 92.8
1 m/s = 2.24 mph
14 97.3
15 100.0
16 100.8
17 100.6
18 99.8
19 99.4
20 98.6
21 97.8
22 97.3
23 97.3
24 98.0
25 99.7
0
10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
20
40
60
80
100
120
Wind Speed at Hub Height (m/s)Electric Power (kWe)
www.northernpower.com
SS-090901-01
Specifications
GenerAl confiGurAtion Description
Model Northwind 100
Design Class IEC IIA (air density 1.225 kg/m3, average annual wind below 8.5 m/s, 50-yr peak gust below 59.5 m/s)
Design Life 20 years
Hub Height 37 m (121 ft) / 30 m (98 ft)
Tower Type Tubular steel monopole
Orientation Upwind
Rotor Diameter 21 m (69 ft)
Power Regulation Variable speed, stall control
Certifications UL1741, UL1004-4, CSA C22.2 No.107.1-01, CSA C22.2 No. 100.04, and CE compliant
performAnce Description
(standard conditions: air density of 1.225 kg/m3, equivalent to 15°C (59°F) at sea level)
Rated Electrical Power 100 kW, 3 Phase, 480 VAC, 60/50 Hz
Rated Wind Speed 14.5 m/s (32.4 mph)
Maximum Rotation Speed 59 rpm
Cut-In Wind Speed 3.5 m/s (7.8 mph)
Cut-Out Wind Speed 25 m/s (56 mph)
Extreme Wind Speed 59.5 m/s (133 mph)
weiGht Description
Rotor (21-meter) 1,400 kg (3,100 lbs)
Nacelle (standard) 5,800 kg (13,000 lbs)
Tower (37-meter) 13,800 kg (30,000 lbs)
Drive trAin Description
Gearbox Type No gearbox (direct drive)
Generator Type Permanent magnet, passively cooled
BrAkinG system Description
Service Brake Type Two motor-controlled calipers
Normal Shutdown Brake Generator dynamic brake and two motor-controlled calipers
Emergency Shutdown Brake Generator dynamic brake and two spring-applied calipers
yAw system Description
Controls Active, electromechanically driven with wind direction/speed sensors and automatic cable unwind
control/electricAl system Description
Controller Type DSP-based multiprocessor embedded platform
Converter Type Pulse-width modulated IGBT frequency converter
Monitoring System SmartView remote monitoring system, ModBus TCP over ethernet
Power Factor Set point adjustable between 0.9 lagging and 0.9 leading
Reactive Power +/- 45 kVAR
noise Description
Apparent Noise Level Less than 55 dBA at the base of the tower
environmentAl specificAtions Description
Temperature Range: Operational -20°C to 50°C (-4°F to 122°F)
Temperature Range: Storage -40°C to 55°C (-40°F to 131°F)
IP Class: Generator/Nacelle IP55/IP54
Lightning Protection Receptors in blades, nacelle lightning rod and electrical surge protection
Icing Protection Turbine designed in accordance with Germanischer Lloyd Wind Guidelines Edition 2003
All Specifications subject to change without notice.
Northwind is a registered trademark of Northern Power Systems.