HomeMy WebLinkAboutKotzebue Electric Association High Wind Battery ApplicationKotzebue Electric Association
High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Renewable Energy Fund Grant: Round Three November 10th 2009
Kotzebue Electric Association
November 10th 2009
Proposal for
Renewable Energy Fund
Alaska Energy Authority Grant
High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Kotzebue Electric Association Inc. (KEA) is proposing the expansion of its wind power plant
with the deployment of mid-size utility grade wind turbines and a flow battery storage
system. The proposed system will significantly increase the penetration levels of renewable
energy on the KEA grid and provide a significant reduction to the amount of diesel required
to operate the generation system for the community. The residents of NW Alaska are facing
some of the highest costs for energy anywhere in the nation.
KEA continues to work towards the development and implementation of long term energy
solutions for electric and thermal energy needs. Kotzebue Electric Association’s current wind
plant has an installed capacity of 1.14MW which provides the city of Kotzebue with 1.2
million kilowatt-hours per year. This meets roughly 8% of the community’s electrical demand
and displaces an average of 140,000 gallons per year.
KEA is planning to increase the installed capacity to 2.95 MW by fall of 2011 in order to further
reduce diesel dependency. Increasing the wind capacity in Kotzebue from 1.14 MW to 2.95
MW in conjunction with an energy storage system, such as a Premium Power Flow Battery,
will reduce diesel consumption by over 486,370 gallons a year, and increase the contribution
of the wind plant to 26% of the electrical total. In addition, excess electricity will be available
for use in a heating distribution system that would provide a large benefit to Kotzebue.
Kotzebue Electric Association
High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Renewable Energy Fund Grant November 10th 2009
Page 2 of 39
Table of Contents
1. Applicant Information ........................................................................................................................... 4
1.1. Applicant Point of Contact .................................................................................................................. 4
1.2. Applicant Minimum Requirement ....................................................................................................... 4
2. Project Summary .................................................................................................................................... 5
2.1. Project Type ............................................................................................................................................ 5
2.2. Project Location ..................................................................................................................................... 5
2.3. Project Type ............................................................................................................................................ 5
2.4. Project Description ................................................................................................................................. 5
2.5. Project Benefit ......................................................................................................................................... 5
2.6. Project Budget Overview ...................................................................................................................... 6
2.7. Project Cost and Benefit Summary ..................................................................................................... 7
2.7.1. Grant Funds Requested .................................................................................................................... 7
2.7.2. Other Funds Requested ..................................................................................................................... 7
2.7.3. Total Grant Costs ................................................................................................................................ 7
2.7.4. Total Project Costs .............................................................................................................................. 7
2.7.5. Estimated Direct Benefits .................................................................................................................. 7
2.7.6. Estimated Benefits (savings).............................................................................................................. 7
3. Project Management Plan ................................................................................................................... 7
3.1. Project Manager .................................................................................................................................... 7
3.2. Project Schedule .................................................................................................................................. 12
Figure 1: Project Schedule.......................................................................................................................... 12
3.3. Project Milestones ................................................................................................................................ 13
3.4. Project Resources ................................................................................................................................. 14
3.5. Project Communications .................................................................................................................... 14
3.6. Project Risk ............................................................................................................................................. 15
4. Project Description and Tasks ............................................................................................................. 15
4.1. Proposed Energy Resource ................................................................................................................ 15
Figure 2: Kotzebue Monthly Wind Power Roses ..................................................................................... 16
Figure 3: Kotzebue Wind Resource Summary ........................................................................................ 16
4.2. Existing Energy System ......................................................................................................................... 16
4.2.1. Basic Configuration of Existing Energy System .............................................................................. 16
Fugure 4: Generating Plant One-Line Diagram ..................................................................................... 18
4.3. Proposed System .................................................................................................................................. 19
4.3.1 System Design ..................................................................................................................................... 19
4.3.1.1 Rationale for Wind-Battery-Diesel System ................................................................................... 19
4.3.1.2 Description of the Wind Turbine Technology ............................................................................. 19
Figure 5: EWT 900 Operational Specifications ......................................................................................... 19
Figure 6: EWT 900 Rotor Specifications .................................................................................................... 20
Figure 7: EWT Pitch System Specifications ............................................................................................... 20
Figure 8: EWT 900 Brake System Specifications ...................................................................................... 20
Figure 9: Nacelle Cross Section ............................................................................................................... 22
4.3.1.3 Description of Storage Device ..................................................................................................... 22
4.3.1.4 Objective ......................................................................................................................................... 22
4.3.1.5 Scope ............................................................................................................................................... 22
4.3.1.6 Benefits ............................................................................................................................................. 23
4.3.1.7 Scope of Work ................................................................................................................................ 23
Figure 10: Premium Power Zinc Bromide Battery .................................................................................... 24
4.3.1.7 Challenges ....................................................................................................................................... 24
Kotzebue Electric Association
High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Renewable Energy Fund Grant November 10th 2009
Page 3 of 39
4.3.1.8 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................ 24
4.3.2 Land Ownership ................................................................................................................................ 24
4.3.3 Permits ................................................................................................................................................. 24
4.3.4 Environment ....................................................................................................................................... 25
4.4 Proposed New System Costs and Projected Revenue .................................................................. 25
4.4.1 Project Development Costs ............................................................................................................. 25
4.4.2 Project Operations and Maintenance Costs ................................................................................ 25
4.4.3 Power Purchase/Sales ...................................................................................................................... 25
4.4.4 Project Cost Worksheet (See Appendix 1) .................................................................................... 25
4.5 Energy Cost Reduction Plan ............................................................................................................... 26
4.5.1 Business Plan ....................................................................................................................................... 26
4.5.2 Increased Wind Capacity ................................................................................................................ 26
4.5.2.1 Objectives ........................................................................................................................................ 26
4.5.2.2 Benefits ............................................................................................................................................. 26
4.5.2.3 Scope of Work ................................................................................................................................ 26
4.5.2.4 Challenges ...................................................................................................................................... 27
5 Project Benefits ..................................................................................................................................... 27
5.1 Potential Annual Fuel Displacement ................................................................................................. 27
5.2 Anticipated Annual Revenue ............................................................................................................ 27
5.3 Potential Additional Annual Incentives ............................................................................................ 27
5.4 Potential Additional Annual Revenue Stream ................................................................................. 28
5.5 Non-Economic Benefits ....................................................................................................................... 28
6 Sustainability .......................................................................................................................................... 28
7 Readiness & Compliance with Other Grants ................................................................................... 29
8 Local Support ........................................................................................................................................ 29
9 Grant Budget ........................................................................................................................................ 29
Figure 11: Grant Budget Form .................................................................................................................... 30
10 Additional Documentation and Certification ................................................................................. 31
Appendix 1: Cost Benefit Worksheet ........................................................................................................ 34
Appendix 2: Estimated Cost Share ........................................................................................................... 37
Appendix 3: Other Components of Fuel Reduction Planning .............................................................. 38
Part 1: Waste Heat Recovery and Power ................................................................................................ 38
Part 2: Solar Thermal .................................................................................................................................... 39
Kotzebue Electric Association
High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Renewable Energy Fund Grant November 10th 2009
Page 4 of 39
1. Applicant Information
Kotzebue Electric Association
Po Box 44
Kotzebue, Alaska 99752
Phone: (907) 442-3491
Fax: (907) 442-2482
1.1. Applicant Point of Contact
Brad Reeve
General Manager
Kotzebue Electric Association
Po Box 44
Kotzebue, Alaska 99752
b_reeve@kea.coop
Work: (907) 442-3491
Fax: (907) 442-2482
1.2. Applicant Minimum Requirement
As an Applicant, we are an electric utility holding a certificate of public convenience and
necessity under AS 42.05
Attached to this application is formal approval and endorsement for its project by its board
of directors, executive management, or other governing authority. If a collaborative
grouping, a formal approval from each participants governing authority is necessary.
As an applicant, we have administrative and financial management systems and follow
procurement standards that comply with the standards set forth in the grant agreement.
If awarded the grant, we can comply with all terms and conditions of the attached grant
form. (Any exceptions will be clearly noted and submitted with the application.)
Kotzebue Electric Association
High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Renewable Energy Fund Grant November 10th 2009
Page 5 of 39
2. Project Summary
2.1. Project Title
High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel Hybrid
2.2. Project Location
Kotzebue, Alaska
2.3. Project Type
This is a construction project that will generate electricity using a locally available wind
resource. It will include the installation of two EWT 900kW wind turbines and a Premium
Power Flow Battery onto an existing wind -diesel hybrid system.
2.4. Project Description
Rural residents in NW Alaska are facing some of the highest costs anywhere in the nation. In
order to proactively address the region’s energy crisis, KEA is working to implement long term
energy options. While there are a variety of alternative energy options available to the
Kotzebue region, such as wind, solar, and geothermal; wind energy has a proven track
record of success in this community.
The goals of the proposed project are:
• To increase the wind capacity of KEA from 1.14 MW to 2.95 MW using 2 EWT 900kW
wind turbines.
• To integrate the increased wind capacity with a 500 kW / 3.7 MW Premium Power
Flow Battery.
• To utilize the excess electricity in a distributed heating system.
This is a two-year project. Year one involves performing all pre-construction and foundation
construction tasks. Year two involves the wind turbine erection and commissioning.
2.5. Project Benefit
The proposed wind generation infrastructure will help reduce energy costs by reducing the
quantity and cost of fuel that will stabilize energy costs, providing long-term socio-economic
benefits to Kotzebue. Any energy produced by renewable sources provides a hedge
against high fuel costs. Energy stability provides greater economic sustainability. Kotzebue
residents are confronted by the reality that plagues much of rural Alaska: limited economic
opportunity combined with an almost astronomical cost of living. The high cost of energy is
forcing residents to choose between leaving village life behind in order to relocate to larger
cities in search of affordable living.
Kotzebue Electric Association
High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Renewable Energy Fund Grant November 10th 2009
Page 6 of 39
NW Alaska suffers greatly from the high cost of electricity. 2008 residential power rates in the
region varied from $.48/kWh in Kotzebue (up from $.39/kWh in 2007). The anticipated
benefits of this project are many; primary among these is reducing the negative impact of
the cost of energy in these communities by providing a renewable energy alternative. This
alternative could help stabilize energy costs and provide long-term socio-economic benefits
to village households. Locally produced affordable energy will empower our community
residents and will help avert rural to urban migration.
KEA is proposing to increase the capacity of the wind plant from 1.14 MW to 2.94 MW which
currently exceeds the electrical needs of the community but will open up a non-diesel
based method of procuring thermal energy for residential and commercial heating.
Many communities in rural Alaska have excellent to superb wind resource potential. Several
communities already have or are planning to install wind farms that will help to offset the
high cost of diesel. High penetration wind plants without any energy storage are not fully
optimized. Energy storage allows excess power to be absorbed and then released during
peak loads or used for thermal applications.
General benefits of a high penetration wind-battery-diesel system in rural Alaska include:
• Lower electricity generation costs
• Low environmental risks and damage
• Energy security
• Increased energy independence and reliance on renewable local energy
resources.
• Ability to utilize excess wind power in a distributive heating system acting as a
dump load during times of high penetration.
• Ability to charge electric vehicles during off peak times with excess wind energy.
• Reduced reliance on the PCE program.
2.6 Project Budget Overview
The total project cost is $10,755,497. Currently, Kotzebue Electric Association is committed
62.81% match including an AEA Renewable Energy Fund Round 1 grant (See Appendix 2).
This amount totals $6,755,487 and includes $2,000,000 in Clean Renewable Energy Bonds (not
yet finalized), in kind administration and engineering ($390,497), a State of Alaska Grant
($200,000), a DOE grant ($95,000), and a NRECA CRN ARRA grant to be determined.
The project costs include the capital cost of two EWT 900kW turbines, 70 meter towers,
shipping to Seattle, estimated shipping from Seattle to Kotzebue, estimated foundation costs,
energy storage, and associated administration, and engineering. Kotzebue will continue to
seek funding through other agencies, including a low interest Rural Utility Service loan, USDA
High Cost of Energy Grant, and Clean Renewable Energy Bonds (CREB’s).
2.7. Project Cost & Benefit Summary
2.7.1 Grant Funds Requested in this Application: $4,000,000
Kotzebue Electric Association
High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Renewable Energy Fund Grant November 10th 2009
Page 7 of 39
2.7.2 Other Funds to Be Provided: $0
2.7.3 Total Grant Costs (Sum of 2.5.1 and 2.5.2): $4,000,000
2.7.4 Total Project Cost: $10,755,497
2.7.5 Estimated Direct Financial Benefits (Savings): $2,578,589/yr
2.7.6 Estimated Benefit (Savings):
With increased wind on the system and a Premium Power Flow Battery, KEA will save the
community $2,578,589 a year. Without energy storage, the increased wind capacity’s
benefits would be limited, in order to maintain grid stability, and the wind plant would then
save only $1,324,747 a year.
Due to technical limitations HOMER modelling will not be available in a printable format in
this section. The complete modelling file can be found in the CD included in the
application. A summery is as follows:
Expanded wind capacity has the potential to increase the instantaneous penetration to
over 100%, providing the wind farm the potential to provide to 26% of Kotzebue’s electrical
total. Homer’s inability to integrate Flow Battery technology, beyond grid stabilization, still
projects up to $0.13 kWh (COE) in savings, which is expected to increase in real-world
implementation. As stated above, the integration of storage technology, such as a
Premium Power Flow Battery, has the potential to save the community additional fuel savings
by increasing the diesel plants efficiency beyond the increased wind production savings. In
addition, $2 million in savings has the potential to reduce Kotzebue’s Power Cost Equalization
Program burden to the state.
3.0 Project Management Plan
3.1 Project Manager
KEA will be responsible for producing and maintaining all project schedules and budgets
and handling all major procurements. Once systems are installed, KEA will ensure that
operations and maintenance training is provided to personnel.
KEA has a staff of 15 full time employees including the General Manager, a mechanical
engineer, power plant operators, diesel mechanics, electrical technicians, trained linemen,
and administrative staff. Brad Reeve, KEA General Manager since 1988, has extensive
business, construction, and management experience of projects and programs in rural
Alaska. Mr. Reeve has overseen the installation of major power generation units as well as
power distribution upgrades. He has also managed the installation multiple wind turbine
generators and their integration into the KEA utility power grid.
Kotzebue Electric Association
High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Renewable Energy Fund Grant November 10th 2009
Page 8 of 39
In the application of wind energy technology, KEA has become a regional center of
engineering and technical expertise and often provides other small village utilities with
support and training.
The vitae of key personnel are included below.
Kotzebue Electric Association
High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Renewable Energy Fund Grant November 10th 2009
Page 9 of 39
Kotzebue Electric Association
High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Renewable Energy Fund Grant November 10th 2009
Page 10 of 39
Kotzebue Electric Association
High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Renewable Energy Fund Grant November 10th 2009
Page 11 of 39
Jesse L. Logan
1200 Karluk St #1
Anchorage, AK 99501
(907) 575-3421
j_logan@kea.coop
Education
• Master of Arts- Global Environmental Policy 2007-2009 Northern
Studies Program, University of Alaska, Fairbanks August 2009 GPA 3.96
Thesis: Renewable Energy in Rural Alaska: Two Case
Studies and their Implications.
• Alaska Pacific University Summa Cum Laude Graduate 1997-2001
Bachelor of Arts, Liberal Studies
Work Experience
• Kotzebue Electric Association 2009- Present
Project Development
• Graduate Teaching Assistant, Political Science 2007-2009
University of Alaska, Fairbanks Northern Studies Dept
• Naturalist/Program Leader 2007, 2008, seasonal
Institute of Arctic Biology’s Large Animal Research Station University of Alaska, Fairbanks• Band Leader for
“The Incoming Band” 2003-2007
Girdwood, Alaska
Field Experience
• Wind Energy in Kotzebue, Alaska 2007-2009 Studied
implementation of wind energy in rural Alaskan village, long-term sustainability and project design. •
Geologic Field Research Assistant, Alaska Volcano Observatory Summer 2007
University of Alaska Geophysical Institute
Lead mountaineering guide, expedition planning,
geologic data collection in Katmai National Park
• Sustainable Development Volunteer 2001-2002 Foundation
Human Nature, L-Ya Ecuador.
Awards, Conferences, Committees
• Coordinator, UAF Student Initiative for Renewable Energy Now (SIREN) 2008-2009
• Raised $2-4 million for renewable energy and energy efficiency at UAF
• Graduate Teaching Assistantship (UAF) 2007-2009
• Geothermal Energy Conference, Chena Hot Springs Fall, 2009
• Student Representative, UAF energy board 2009
• Alaska Wind-Diesel Energy Conference, Girdwood, Alaska Fall, 2008
• Judith Kleinfeld Prize for Excellence in Research (UAF) Fall, 2008
• Mary Jane Heartman Memorial Scholarship in Creative Writing (APU) 1998
• Distinguished Scholar Scholarship (APU) 1997-2001
Kotzebue Electric Association
High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Renewable Energy Fund Grant November 10th 2009
Page 12 of 39
3.2 Project Schedule
The Kotzebue Electric Association is proposing to complete final design, construction,
erection, startup, and commissioning of two EWT 900 wind turbines to be added to the
existing 1.14 MW Wind Farm in Kotzebue, Alaska.
The Alaska Energy Authority must receive and approve evidence that each milestone has
been reached prior to approving reimbursement or releasing funding for the corresponding
tasks. The milestones and corresponding tasks are outlined in the table below. The project
start date and timeline is based on the acceptance of an official grant agreement between
KEA and the State of Alaska.
Milestone Project Schedule Timeline
1. Complete and Execute Grant Agreement September 1, 2010
1.1 Initial Foundation and Integration Design Jan-10
2. Provide 25% Design Drawings Feb-10
2.1 Finalize Foundation Design Mar-10
2.2 Finalize Integration Design Apr-10
3. Provide 75% Design Drawings November 31, 09
3.1 Turbine Procurement Jan-10
3.2 Foundation Material Procurement Feb-10
3.3 Battery Procurement Dec-09
4. Provide Planned Dispatch Strategy February 1, 2009
4.1 Materials & Equipment arrive Jul-10
4.2 Site Access and Foundation Installation Jul-10
4.3 Tower/Turbine Erection Aug-10
4.4 System Integration Aug-10
4.5 Commissioning Sep-10
4.6 As-Build and Project Close Out Sep-10
5. Performance Operation and Maintenance Reporting October 1, 2011
5.1 Ongoing reporting 2010-2012
Figure 1: Project Schedule
Kotzebue Electric Association
High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Renewable Energy Fund Grant November 10th 2009
Page 13 of 39
3.3 Project Milestones
Pre-Construction Program Activities
Kick-off Meeting:
Begin to coordinate with potential contractors and re-evaluate project timelines.
Geotechnical Review:
Existing geotechnical data will be reviewed for the wind site. If more information is
required for the increased foundation size a qualified geotechnical engineer will do an
appropriate analysis.
Permit Review:
The site has been in use as a wind power plant since 1997. An Environmental Assessment
was completed by Dames and Moore in 1998 and submitted to US DOE (DOE/EA-1245).
Other permitting has been approved that is associated with the roads to the site which
were submitted by the Kikiktagruk Inupiat Corporation. As well the site was monitored
and reviewed for avian interaction in coordination with US F&W for a 10 year period and
there were no avian fatalities. Even though most permits have already been acquired in
association with the existing wind plant, they will be reviewed and further action will be
taken if indicated.
Wind-battery-diesel Integration:
A wind-diesel integration study; including assessments of dynamic load control, balance
of system electrical interconnect assessment, SCADA systems, heating distribution
systems, and conceptual system design.
Civil/Structural Engineering on Wind Turbine Tower Foundation:
The project team will evaluate the geotechnical report and recommend, design, and
engineer a foundation type appropriate to KEA’s wind site and suitable for the larger
turbine size.
Electrical Interconnect Design:
Design will include electrical one-line diagram and load study.
Final Design and Construction/Installation Plan:
This final step will ensure proper execution of the proposed plan.
Construction Program Activities
Equipment Procurement:
Procure wind turbines, towers and foundation.
Installation:
Install wind tower foundations, erect wind turbines, install a battery system.
Commissioning:
Kotzebue Electric Association
High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Renewable Energy Fund Grant November 10th 2009
Page 14 of 39
Write O&M manuals, make system modifications, monitor and report on system
performance, and provide local operator training, system maintenance, and technical
support services
3.4 Project Resources
3.4.1. Personnel/Partners
Kotzebue Electric Association (KEA) is a non-profit Rural Utility Systems cooperative that
serves the residents of Kotzebue, Alaska. KEA owns a wind-diesel power plant which has six
engine/generator sets and 17 wind turbines (with a total installed wind capacity of 1.14 MW).
KEA has demonstrated successful leadership and innovation in remote wind-diesel
applications and will be a valuable partner for this project.
A competitive bid process will be followed to do to most project management,
procurement, and construction. While KEA will do most work using established contractors,
KEA will collaborate on the use of cranes anticipating that a 250 ton crane could be
available for turbine erection. There is some crane availability currently staged in Nome and
Kotzebue. A minimum of a 160 ton crane will be required for the 70 meter tower.
KEA has a demonstrated track record of utilizing local personnel in as many aspects of
project development and construction as possible. As well, KEA possesses the local
knowledge and prior experience to complete this project under the terms defined herein.
3.5 Project Communications
KEA will work closely with any subcontractors to ensure that the project schedule is followed
and high quality products are delivered. KEA already has an effective management and
communication structure built in place. The management of the enlarged plant will follow
the model of the existing plant.
KEA will provide quarterly reports to the Alaska Energy Authority (AEA). Project collaborators
will provide additional reports to KEA as required by AEA. In addition, public presentations
on project progress will be given at community meetings and possibly conferences.
Informational brochures and other publications will be produced for the general public.
Kotzebue Electric Association
High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Renewable Energy Fund Grant November 10th 2009
Page 15 of 39
3.6 Project Risk
The biggest potential risk will be delay in the shipment of the wind turbines and towers. The
demand is currently very high for turbines over 1 MW in size. The few manufacturers that are
making turbines in the 500-1,000 kW range are taking orders that can be up to 1-3 years out.
For example, Fuhrlander has provided the three utilities with a quote stating a 12 month lead
time. The EWT 900kW have a six month lead time however this is increasing now to a 9 month
lead time due to the extremely limited barge season, shipping delays will be a big cause of
concern for this project.
This is not a new challenge to KEA. KEA is accustomed to dealing with such limitations, and
has extensive experience in addressing the difficulties associated with conducting business in
such challenging conditions. Shipping arrangements for construction equipment and
supplies will be made with ample allowance for possible delays, and sufficient flexibility will
be included in construction schedules to ensure on-time and successful completion of all
project phases. Additionally, having an in depth project plan upon completion of the pre-
construction phase will also help to avert any construction related scheduling problems.
The installation of such a high penetration wind system will have unique engineering
challenges but also present tremendous opportunity for the community. KEA will ensure that
the proper systems and safeguards, such as energy storage, resistance heat loads, are in
place before the turbines are online.
4.0. Project Description and Tasks
4.1 Proposed Energy Resource
KEA has been actively monitoring the existing wind resource since 1992. In 1999, KEA hired a
consultant, Wind Economics & Technology, Inc (WECTEC) to summarize the wind resource
data. Kotzebue has an annual average wind speed of 6.3 m/s at the 110 foot level that
would be higher at the proposed turbine height. The winds are weakest from March through
July and the strongest winds are in October, November, and February. Prevailing winds are
generally from the east with some light westerly winds during early summer. The energy
producing winds generally come from due east.
The following data was compiled by Nick Szymoniak from the Alaska Energy Authority.
Kotzebue Electric Association
High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Renewable Energy Fund Grant November 10th 2009
Page 16 of 39
Figure 2: Kotzebue Monthly Wind Power Roses
Figure 3: Wind Resource Summary
4.2 Existing Energy System
4.2.1 Basic Configuration of Existing Energy System
The diesel generator plant is located about 4.5 miles from the wind turbine site, with an
existing feeder line (voltage 12.5 kV, 3 phase) capable of carrying over 2.5 MW. Power for
the KEA grid is generated by the diesel generators at 4,160V and stepped up through
transformers to 12,500 VAC, three-phase, three-wire for distribution throughout the town.
The existing power grid has the following electrical characteristics:
Kotzebue Electric Association
High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Renewable Energy Fund Grant November 10th 2009
Page 17 of 39
Grid Voltage: 12.5 kV
Frequency: 60 Hz ± 0.5 Hz
Efficiency: 14.5 kWh/gal
Power Factor: 0.92 lagging
Average load: 2500 kW
Maximum Load: 3700 kW
Minimum Load: 1700 kW
Diesel Powered Generators:
Unit 7: 1025 kW 3516 series Cat (16 cylinder, 1200 rpm)–Restricted to 1000 kW
Unit 10: 3080 kW EMD 710 series (20 cylinder)
Unit 11: 1025 kW 3512 series Cat (12 cylinder, 1800 rpm)- Restricted to 900 kW
Unit 12: 1025 kW 3512 series Cat (12 cylinder, 1800 rpm)- Restricted to 810 kW
Unit 14: 2800 kW EMD 710 series (16 cylinder)
Unit 15: 2800 kW EMD 710 series (16 cylinder)
Wind Turbines
15 Entegrity Wind System (EWS) Turbines: 66kW each
1 North Wind 100: 100kW each
1 Vestas: 65 kW each
The generating plant one-line diagram is provided below.
Kotzebue Electric Association
High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Renewable Energy Fund Grant November 10th 2009
Page 18 of 39
Figure 4: Generating Plant One-Line Diagram
Kotzebue Electric Association
High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Renewable Energy Fund Grant November 10th 2009
Page 19 of 39
4.3 Proposed System
4.3.1 System Design
4.3.1.1 Rationale for a Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Kotzebue Electric Association (KEA) has been a long-time leader in developing, designing,
building, and operating wind-diesel hybrid systems in remote locations in rural Alaska.
Kotzebue has a known resource which is successful. The hard work has been done in
preparing the KEA power plant to integrate wind onto the system; all we are doing is
increasing the payback and adding a storage device. The storage device is described in
the next section.
4.3.1.2 Description of the Wind Turbine Technology
The EWT 900 is a direct-drive variable speed, pitch regulated, horizontal axis, three-bladed
upwind rotor wind turbine. The gearless direct driven synchronous generator operates at
variable speed. This is made possible by an actively controlled AC_DC-AC IGBT power
converter connected to the grid. Benefits of this design are low maintenance, constant
power output at wind speed above rated, and relatively low structural loads compared to
constant-speed stall controlled or constant-speed pitch-controlled wind turbines.
The generator is fully integrated into the structural design of the turbine, which allows for a
very compact nacelle design. The drive-train makes use of only one main bearing, whereas
classic designs have separately supported main shaft, gearbox and generator. All
dynamically loaded interfaces from the blades to the foundation are sturdy flange
connections with machined surfaces and high tensile steel.
KEA will purchase the EWT 900 Cold Weather edition which offers a minimum operating
temperature down to -40 Celsius.
Figure 5: EWT 900 Operational Specifications
Kotzebue Electric Association
High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Renewable Energy Fund Grant November 10th 2009
Page 20 of 39
The rotor has a diameter of 50m with a length of 24 m for the individual rotor blade. The rotor
blade is made of fiberglass/epoxy resin, and designed in a multi-cellspar/shell structure.
Figure 6: EWT 900 Rotor Specifications
The pitch system works as both, a primary braking system and a speed controller during
nominal output performance of the wind turbine. It consists of 3 individual servomotors,
which set the blade pitch angle via gearbox/pinion gear arrangement. A disk brake at the
high speed shaft of the gearbox works as an emergency brake as well as a parking brake for
service purposes.
Figure 7: EWT Pitch System Specifications
Figure 8: EWT 900 Brake System Specifications
Kotzebue Electric Association
High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Renewable Energy Fund Grant November 10th 2009
Page 21 of 39
Figure 9: Nacelle Cross Section
Kotzebue Electric Association
High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Renewable Energy Fund Grant November 10th 2009
Page 22 of 39
4.3.1.3 Description of Storage Device
Premium Power Zinc Bromide Battery
4.3.1.4 Objective
The installation of a Premium Power Battery Energy Storage System (FBESS) will increase
voltage stability, increase the efficiencies of operating diesel generators, and capture excess
wind energy during off-peak hours.
4.3.1.5 Scope
KEA is one of four cooperatives that are written into American Reinvestment and Recovery
Act grant sponsored by the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA)
Cooperative Research Network (CRN) for a Premium Power Flow Battery. Kotzebue Electric
Association (KEA) is proposing to install one PPC TransFlow 2000 (500 kW, 3.7 MWh, 7.4 hours)
to shift wind turbines from off-peak to on-peak, reduce diesel generation operation and
number of starts, reduce diesel fuel consumption, and provide frequency regulation. This
storage system would increase emergency capacity for the system, as KEA is subject to 10 or
more cyclonic storms each winter. By installing the TransFlow 2000 battery, KEA’s Cost of
Energy Reduction Program will achieve a more than 30% reduction in diesel-based power.
This battery will also increase voltage stability.
The battery will benefit the KEA existing system in three specific ways. Diesel turbines run most
efficiently when operating to the fullest capacity. Thus, charging the battery during the off-
peak—when the generator would otherwise operate below ideal conditions—will increase
overall system efficiency, greatly reduce the cost for fuel, provide backup capacity, reduce
emissions, and reduce the levelized cost of electricity. Second, KEA runs one EMD Diesel
Engine year round and supplements this with a second lower efficiency CAT generator when
the load demands it. Instead of starting the second generator, a battery would supply the
electricity. Normally, the less efficient CAT gen set is run approximately 3,200 hours per year.
This will be reduced to less than 350 hours per year with the battery online. This results in a
direct reduction in diesel consumption. Third, energy storage is required to realize the
benefits of increased wind penetration in Kotzebue. At this point, the KEA system has seen up
to 60% wind and, as it is an islanded utility, a fast-acting TransFlow 2000 battery system would
provide the necessary frequency regulation and spinning reserve for the utility to utilize these
high levels of wind and maintain system stability.
The simple payback for a battery system is less than three years. KEA is looking at increasing
the wind penetration in its system. The storage system would be integrated into the existing
SCADA system. As the battery system would reduce congestion on the distribution lines, it
would be an alternative to reconductoring the lines to address congestion occurring due to
an increase in generation from the wind plant. While this installation will serve Kotzebue, the
demonstrated technology could offer significant benefits to other villages in Alaska as more
wind energy is harnessed.
At the top level, the objective of this part of the project is to test and prove the value of high
capacity battery storage as a key element of firming the capacity of renewable energy in
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High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Renewable Energy Fund Grant November 10th 2009
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the state. To that end, KEA’s participation in this project will bring a greater understanding of
storage systems to Alaska. KEA will be a able to share information concerning the technical
and economic viability of utility-scale Zinc Bromide (ZnBr) battery technology as part of a
larger project in multiple commercial applications under a wide range of regional settings
(South Carolina, Hawaii, Alaska, and Florida).
4.3.1.6 Benefits
The FBESS will benefit KEA’s existing system in three specific ways. Diesel turbines run most
efficiently when operating to the fullest capacity. Charging the battery, when the generator
would otherwise operate below ideal conditions, will increase overall system efficiency.
Secondly, KEA runs one EMD year round and supplements this with a second CAT generator
when the load demands it. Instead of starting the second generator, the FBESS will supply
the electricity. Normally, the CAT gen set is run approximately 3,200 hrs per year. This will be
reduced less than 350 hrs per year with the FBESS online. This results to a direct reduction in
diesel consumption. Thirdly, in order to realize the benefits of increasing the level of wind
penetration in Kotzebue, energy storage MUST be utilized. The simple payback for the FBESS
is under three years.
4.3.1.7 Scope of Work
Phase one, Initial Design and Engineering, of this system has been funded. Phase Two,
summer 2010, will consist of the construction of an Energy Storage Facility and the installation
of a 500 kW, 3.7 MWh, 7.4 hours system. Phase Three will continue in 2011 with further testing
to evaluate the additional fuel savings of another unit that would be sized for the additional
wind capacity.
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High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Renewable Energy Fund Grant November 10th 2009
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TransFlow - 2000
Utility-Scale Mobile Energy Storage
Figure 10: Premium Power Zinc Bromide Battery
4.3.1.8 Challenges
KEA doesn’t expect any major obstacles. However, any newer technology will have Issues
to resolves. Communication lines are very open between project partners and this will
continue as construction proceeds. However, the unique mobile design of the flow battery
module aids KEA in rapid deployment.
4.3.1.9 Conclusion
By increasing wind capacity, introducing energy storage, and capturing waste heat for
power generation KEA will effectively combat the trends of rising fuel costs. The projects will
require significant capital for development but when combined these projects will save
over nearly 500,000 gallons of diesel every year.
4.3.2. Land Ownership
The land proposed for use in this project owned by Kikiktagruk Inupiat Corporation, KIC, and
has been leased to KEA since 1997.
4.3.3. Permits
The site has been reviewed and an Environmental Assessment was completed by Dames
and Moore in 1998 and submitted to US DOE (DOE/EA-1245). Other permitting has been
approved that is associated with the roads to the site which was submitted by the Kikiktagruk
Inupiat Corporation. As well the site was monitored and reviewed for avian interaction in
coordination with US F&W for a 10 year period and there were no avian fatalities. Even
Kotzebue Electric Association
High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Renewable Energy Fund Grant November 10th 2009
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though most permits have already been acquired from installation of the existing wind plant,
they will be reviewed and further action will be taken if indicated.
4.3.4. Environmental
No known hazards
4.4 Proposed New System Costs and Projected
Revenues
4.4.1. Projected Development Costs
Total anticipated project cost: $10,755,497
Requested grant funding: $4,000,000
Applicant matching funds: $6,755,497
Identification of other funding sources:
KEA will also pursue funding through USDA’s Rural Energy Grants, Rural Utility Service’s low
interest loans, and Clean Renewable Energy Bonds.
4.4.2. Project Operating and Maintenance Costs
The estimated Operating and Maintenance costs (as described in the attached Project Cost
Worksheet) are $90,000 annually. This differs very little from the normal wind-diesel
operations. KEA has ongoing O&M for the diesel and wind plants and any additional O&M
costs will be absorbed into the overall cost structure of KEA.
4.4.3. Power Purchase/Sales
KEA is a cooperative non-profit utility that serves the community of Kotzebue, Alaska. The
power purchase/sales price is a function of KEA’s cost structure. As a part of its rate structure
KEA uses a COPA to include the cost of fuel into its rates. Any reduction in fuel usage has a
positive effect on the rates of the KEA member consumers.
4.4.4. Project Cost Worksheet
Submitted as an attachment: See Appendix 1.
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High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Renewable Energy Fund Grant November 10th 2009
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4.5 Energy Cost Reduction Plan
4.5.1 Business Plan
Kotzebue Electric Association is a known wind industry leader whose knowledge has been
relied upon for operations and maintenance on renewable energy systems. KEA already
has in place standard protocols for operations and maintenance that have been successful
in Kotzebue. To further guarantee optimum performance KEA will create a business plan
using templates created by the Alaska Department of Commerce and Economic
Development.
KEA will also send the in house operators/engineers to EWT headquarters to receive in-depth
training. This training will enable the local operators to have detailed discussions with many
of the lead engineers, programmers, and operations personnel. This will be done before
project commissioning. A manufacturer’s representative will also be on-site post installation
to review and refine operating procedures.
Kotzebue Electric Association has created a Cost of Energy Reduction Plan, CERP, which
collectively addresses many aspects of our current energy crisis. The CERP is detailed here to
provide a more complete picture of how the proposed project fits into KEA’s “big picture.”
4.5.2 Increased Wind Capacity
4.5.2.1 Objective
Kotzebue Electric Association’s current wind plant has an installed capacity of 1.14MW that
provides the city of Kotzebue with 1.2 million kilowatt-hours. This meets roughly 8% of the
community’s electrical demand and displaces an average of 140,000 gallons per year. KEA
is planning to increase the installed capacity to 2.95 MW by fall of 2010 in order to further
reduce diesel dependency.
4.5.2.2 Benefits
There is no doubt of the urgency to reduce diesel dependency. Kotzebue’s current load
averages 2.7 MW. A 2.95MW wind plant will exceed the electrical demand of Kotzebue. In
addition to electricity, thermal energy also needs to be addressed. When the wind allows
the turbines to operate near capacity, excess electricity will be ‘dumped’ into thermal loads
that can then be used, for space and water heating, in the homes and businesses of
Kotzebue. The overall goal will be to drastically reduce diesel consumption both for electric
and thermal generation.
4.5.2.3 Scope of Work
Adding 1.8 MW of wind will be done by installing two EWT 900kW turbines. This initially was
going to be done in conjunction with the utilities of Nome and Unalakleet. Larger turbines
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High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Renewable Energy Fund Grant November 10th 2009
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need to be purchased in batches of ten or more. Combining efforts with these utilities would
reduce the overall cost of shipping, of both the necessary crane and turbines. KEA would
like to begin construction and foundation work in the summer of 2010. The EWT’s can be
purchased without a lot-of-ten and therefore KEA will proceed without the other two utilities.
The wind turbines have a lead time of 6 months, allowing for turbine erection in the fall of
2010.
4.5.2.4 Challenges
At most KEA currently has 60% wind energy on the grid system at any one time. This has
allowed for a stable and reliable grid. A system which has over 100% wind energy cannot
function without considerable further safeguard measures. One of which is the installation of
a Flow Battery which is designed to absorb any surges caused by wind gusts and provide the
needed frequency control. These design issues are being addressed.
5 Project Benefit
5.1 Potential Annual Fuel Displacement
The proposed system has the potential to displace nearly 500,000 gallons of diesel fuel
annually. This is a 20 year project, and therefore has the potential to displace a total of
9,727,400 gallons of diesel fuel.
5.2 Anticipated annual revenue
There is no expectation of increased revenue from this project. KEA is a non-profit electric
cooperative that primary function is to serve the electric needs of the community of
Kotzebue. As a part of its rate structure KEA uses a COPA to include the cost of fuel into its
rates. Any reduction in fuel usage has a positive effect on the rates of the KEA member
consumers.
5.3 Potential additional annual incentives
KEA has also had discussions with Native Corporations to determine if there would be any
advantage to partnerships that would allow the transfer of potential annual incentives such
as production tax credits.
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High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Renewable Energy Fund Grant November 10th 2009
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5.4 Potential Additional Annual Revenue Streams
KEA currently has a relationship with the Bonneville Environmental Foundation for the Denali
Green Tag program that benefits renewable energy projects in Alaska and provided some
income to the cooperative. Additionally, KEA will track the potential of Carbon Emission
Credits that may become available in the future.
5.5 Non-Economic Benefits
Environmental Benefits
Environmental benefits and impacts of the project, based on reduction of hydrocarbon use,
include reduced potential for fuel spills/contamination episodes in transport, storage, or use
(thus protecting vital water and subsistence food sources), improved air quality, decreased
contribution to global climate change from fossil fuel use, decreased coastal erosion due to
climate change.
Non-Income Benefits
Faced with the challenges of high costs, limited local employment options and the need to
support their families, rural Alaskans are being faced with the choice of leaving village life
behind in order to relocate to larger cities in search of employment and affordable living. In
such small communities, each household is important to the well-being of the entire
community. As KEA is a non-profit cooperative utility, savings in fuel will have a positive
benefit to the community in the form of lower electricity prices, more money being retained
within the community, and overall community empowerment through decreased reliance
on outside assistance.
6. Sustainability
The estimated O&M is $90,000/year (See appendix 1). At the same time, the project could
realize over $2million in annual savings. The financing for the O&M of the new wind turbines
and power storage device will be absorbed into the overall cost structure of KEA.
Operational issues that may arise are will be addressed by the engineering team. With any
new technology there are bound to be issues that are unforeseen. KEA will work through
these issues as they have been done in the past with other successful projects the
cooperative has undertaken.
KEA is committed to reporting the savings and benefits of this high penetration wind-battery-
diesel hybrid system to both the grant awarding organization (AEA) as well as other Alaska
Utilities. In order to establish the efficacy of this type of project in an arctic environment, KEA
will closely monitor all aspects of the operation, maintenance, and savings. These will be
communicated to other communities wishing to capitalize on the experience and expertise
Kotzebue Electric Association
High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Renewable Energy Fund Grant November 10th 2009
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of KEA. If awarded the grant, KEA will comply with all reporting obligations as defined in the
grant agreement.
7. Readiness and Compliance with other
Grants
As outlined in the Project Schedule (above) and the Grant Budget Form (below), KEA will be
working with the state to begin steps for the purchase of the two EWT 900 wind turbines. This
is before the grant awards are to be announced. In order to begin construction in the
summer of 2010, turbines would need to arrive in Seattle in time for the summer barge
season.
KEA has already spent several years working with partners, and regional and local
organizations to develop this project. Designs have been made in partnership with
Thompson Engineering, Premium Power, and KEA. Grants that contribute to this project have
been awarded by AEA, the U.S. DOE, the State of Alaska, and the NRECA CRN ARRA. KEA
has complied with all grant agreements.
8. Local Support
KEA is part of the NANA Regional Strategy Plan efforts and is supported by all of the entities
that are involved, such as NANA, the Maniilaq Association and the NW Arctic Borough.
9. Grant Budget
The total project cost is $10,755,497. The overall cost share will be $6,755,497. The $2,000,000
in Clean Renewable Energy Bonds is not yet finalized. KEA will continue to pursue outside
funding with a low interest RUS loan or the USDAs High Cost of Energy grant. It should be
noted at this point that this budget lacks the detail and thoroughness that is needed. The
applicant is comfortable with these estimates but will continue to acquire more detail on
foundation costs, costs of crane usage, etc.
The capital cost of the turbine, towers, and including shipping is $3,659,552. This is from
quotes that have been received, although the shipping to Seattle is a firm quote, the
shipping from Seattle to Anchorage is an estimate only. Foundation costs in this budget
represent 20% of the capital cost of the turbine. The civil, structural and electrical engineers
each represent 10% of the capital cost of the turbine. Administration and project
management will be done in house as in kind contributions to the project.
Kotzebue Electric Association
High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Renewable Energy Fund Grant November 10th 2009
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The grant budget form is below:
10. Additional Documentation and
Certification
Figure 11: Grant Budget Form
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High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Renewable Energy Fund Grant November 10th 2009
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High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Renewable Energy Fund Grant November 10th 2009
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High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Renewable Energy Fund Grant November 10th 2009
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High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Renewable Energy Fund Grant November 10th 2009
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Appendix 1:
Cost Benefit Worksheet
1. Renewable Energy Source
The Applicant should demonstrate that the renewable energy resource is available on a
sustainable basis.
Annual average resource availability. 90%
Unit depends on project type (e.g. windspeed, hydropower output, biomasss fuel)
2. Existing Energy Generation and Usage
a) Basic configuration (if system is part of the Railbelt1 grid, leave this section blank)
i. Number of generators/boilers/other 6
ii. Rated capacity of generators/boilers/other 11,520 kW
iii. Generator/boilers/other type
iv. Age of generators/boilers/other 1987-2005
v. Efficiency of generators/boilers/other 14.27 vs. sales
b) Annual O&M cost (if system is part of the Railbelt grid, leave this section blank)
i. Annual O&M cost for labor $539,559
ii. Annual O&M cost for non-labor $246,836
c) Annual electricity production and fuel usage (fill in as applicable) (if system is part of the
Railbelt grid, leave this section blank)
i. Electricity [kWh] 21,904,956
ii. Fuel usage
Diesel [gal] 1,428,8781 gallons #2 Diesel
Other
iii. Peak Load 3,731 kW
iv. Average Load 2,500
v. Minimum Load 1,700
vi. Efficiency 14.27 vs. sales
vii. Future trends
d) Annual heating fuel usage (fill in as applicable)
1 The Railbelt grid connects all customers of Chugach Electric Association, Homer Electric Association,
Golden Valley Electric Association, the City of Seward Electric Department, Matanuska Electric Association
and Anchorage Municipal Light and Power.
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High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Renewable Energy Fund Grant November 10th 2009
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i. Diesel [gal or MMBtu]
ii. Electricity [kWh]
iii. Propane [gal or MMBtu]
iv. Coal [tons or MMBtu]
v. Wood [cords, green tons, dry tons]
vi. Other
3. Proposed System Design Capacity and Fuel Usage
(Include any projections for continued use of non-renewable fuels)
a) Proposed renewable capacity
(Wind, Hydro, Biomass, other)
[kWh or MMBtu/hr]
1.8 MW Wind
b) Proposed Annual electricity or heat production (fill in as applicable)
i. Electricity [kWh] 4,800,000 kWh
ii. Heat [MMBtu]
c) Proposed Annual fuel Usage (fill in as applicable)
i. Propane [gal or MMBtu]
ii. Coal [tons or MMBtu]
iii. Wood [cords, green tons, dry tons]
iv. Other 1,400,000 gallons #2 Diesel
4. Project Cost
a) Total capital cost of new system $10,755,497
b) Development cost $200,000
c) Annual O&M cost of new system $96,000
d) Annual fuel cost $0
5. Project Benefits
a) Amount of fuel displaced for
i. Electricity 486,370 gallons
ii. Heat
iii. Transportation
b) Price of displaced fuel $2,062,208
c) Other economic benefits $30,000
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High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Renewable Energy Fund Grant November 10th 2009
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d) Amount of Alaska public benefits $2,578,579
6. Power Purchase/Sales Price
a) Price for power purchase/sale
7. Project Analysis
a) Basic Economic Analysis
Project benefit/cost ratio 1.05
Payback 4.17 years
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High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Renewable Energy Fund Grant November 10th 2009
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Appendix 2:
Estimated Cost Share
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High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Renewable Energy Fund Grant November 10th 2009
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Appendix 3:
Other Components of Fuel Reduction Planning
1. Waste Heat Recovery and Power
Objective
The installation of a stack heat recovery unit and an ammonia absorption cycle waste heat
power plant will allow KEA to fully utilize diesel fuel whenever the diesel turbines are in
operation. Only one third of a fuel’s energy content is used for electricity generation. The
remaining two thirds are turned into thermal energy or ‘waste heat’. KEA currently utilizes
one third in its district heating system, water heating for the city’s water line, and in the
absorption chiller which generates ice for the commercial fishing industry. The remaining
third exits the exhaust stack. A heat exchanger can be installed in the stack heat to capture
this thermal energy. Energy Concepts has designed a turbine which will generate 150kW
from that ‘waste heat’.
Benefits
The capital cost of this equipment is low relative to the benefits it provides. The simple
payback for a waste heat project of this scope is under 2 years. This technology could be of
great benefit to any village using diesel turbines.
Scope of Work
Only one third of a fuel’s energy content is used for electricity generation. The remaining
two thirds are turned into thermal energy or ‘waste heat’. KEA currently utilizes one third of
that ‘waste heat’ in its district heating system, water heating for the city’s water line, and in
an absorption chiller (designed by Energy Concepts) which generates ice for the
commercial fishing industry. The remaining third exits the exhaust stack. A heat exchanger
can be installed in the stack heat to capture this thermal energy. Energy Concepts has
designed a turbine which will generate 150kW from that ‘waste heat’. This turbine will be
installed in the summer of 2010. The existing Absorption Chiller consists of outdated
technology. Energy Concepts will simultaneously update this system while installing the
turbine.
Challenges
Stack heat recovery has not been met with much success in Alaska. There are challenges
which need to be addressed but the technology has evolved to the point where these are
not insurmountable, but only need to be discussed and properly engineered. Waste heat
power generation is also not new technology. Chena Hot Springs Resort has had much
success with their Organic Rankine Cycle turbine which gets its heat source from a
geothermal reservoir.
Kotzebue Electric Association
High Penetration Wind-Battery-Diesel System
Renewable Energy Fund Grant November 10th 2009
Page 39 of 39
2. Solar Thermal
Objective
In an effort to mitigate the rising costs of home heating KEA will investigate the success of
solar thermal systems. Partnering with NIHA, KEA will install a total of ten systems spread out in
Kotzebue.
Benefits
Modeling done in Ret Screen has shown that the Northwest Arctic Region can obtain a 50%
solar fraction on a properly designed system. Meaning solar energy can reduce their current
energy use by half. The payback for solar averages out to be 6-8 years depending on
system design and current energy methods and costs.
Scope of Work:
Of the ten installed systems, two will consist of evacuated tubes and these will need to be
located in Kotzebue. These tubes have the potential to be more troublesome, but more
advantageous, than their flat panel counterparts. The tank less water heats (two using
propane and two using electricity). The remaining 3/7 will have storage tanks. Half of the
systems will use an antifreeze looped system and the others will utilize a drain back system.
This combination of techniques will allow NIHA and KEA to determine what type of system will
be most beneficial to residents will being simple to maintain and operate.
Challenges
Not many people have experimented with solar thermal in the Arctic. Cold Climate
Housing Research Center has recently installed both an evacuated tube space heating
solar thermal system and a glazed panel water heating solar thermal system in Fairbanks.
Each system has its advantages and disadvantages. The challenge will be in maintaining
the systems and retrieving data. However, the partnership between KEA and NIHA will
ensure this success. There are unique design issues when above the Arctic Circle. Systems
which are perfect in Arizona will not necessarily be a good match in the Arctic. This study will
obtain much needed data, provide the training and education for potential installers,
increase awareness of solar thermal, and prepare the community for more installations to
follow.