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Native Village of Perryville Round #2 AEA - Attachments
Native Village of Perryville List of Attachments Resumes Project Cost Worksheet Grant Budget Form AEA Renewable Energy Participating Resolution Grant Certification AEA Renewable Energy Cover Letter AEA Renewable Energy Community Plan Mat-Su Cost Proposal Bristol Bay Times Article: Perryville Begins Wind Power AEA Wind Resource Report USFWS Report on Wind Farm Project RESUMES OF KEY PERSONNEL PROPOSED FOR THE NATIVE VILLAGE OF PERRYVILLE ALTERNATIVE ENERGY RECONNAISSANCE/FEASIBILITY STUDY George Sikat III Tom Humphrey P.E. Anthony Caole MIIM Charlene Yagie Resumes of Key Personnel George Sikat III Project Manager Resumes of Key Personnel Thomas Humphrey P.E. Project Consultant Resumes of Key Personnel Anthony Caole MIIM Lead Technical Writer Resumes of Key Personnel Charlene Yagie Administrative Assistance Native Village of Perryville Cost Worksheet Renewable Energy Fund RFA AEA 09-004 Application Cost Worksheet revised 9/26/08 Page 1 Application Cost Worksheet Please note that some fields might not be applicable for all technologies or all project phases. Level of information detail varies according to phase requirements. 1.Renewable Energy Source The Applicant should demonstrate that the renewable energy resource is available on a sustainable basis. Annual average resource availability.Wind-Class 2; Solar-November day length = 8+ hrs @ 55 degrees north latitude; avg. solar/day = 10 hrs Unit depends on project type (e.g. windspeed, hydropower output, biomasss fuel) 2.Existing Energy Generation a)Basic configuration (if system is part of the Railbelt1 grid, leave this section blank) i.Number of generators/boilers/other 3 ii.Rated capacity of generators/boilers/other (2)175kW (1)125kW iii.Generator/boilers/other type diesel iv.Age of generators/boilers/other 10 yrs avg v.Efficiency of generators/boilers/other 10.5kW -Hrs/gal Estimated b)Annual O&M cost (if system is part of the Railbelt grid, leave this section blank) i.Annual O&M cost for labor $6,000 not including depreciation ii.Annual O&M cost for non-labor $6,000 c)Annual electricity production and fuel usage (fill in as applicable)(if system is part of the Railbelt grid, leave this section blank) i.Electricity [kWh]500,000 ii.Fuel usage Diesel [gal]52,000 Other iii.Peak Load 125kW iv.Average Load 45kW v.Minimum Load 30kW vi.Efficiency 75% vii.Future trends New clinic will add 10kW, Wind power experiment also going on d)Annual heating fuel usage (fill in as applicable) 1 The Railbelt grid connects all customers of Chugach Electric Association, Homer Electric Association, Golden Valley Electric Association, the City of Seward Electric Department, Matanuska Electric Association and Anchorage Municipal Light and Power. Renewable Energy Fund RFA AEA 09-004 Application Cost Worksheet revised 9/26/08 Page 2 i.Diesel [gal or MMBtu]unknown ii.Electricity [kWh]No electric heat used iii.Propane [gal or MMBtu]NA iv.Coal [tons or MMBtu]NA v.Wood [cords, green tons, dry tons]NA vi.Other NA 3.Proposed System Design a)Installed capacity Feasibility Study Level, installed capacity will be determined from study, the Tribe’s goal is to install a 25KW capacity solar array b)Annual renewable electricity generation i.Diesel [gal or MMBtu] ii.Electricity [kWh]To be determined –see above; the Tribe’s goal is create a 25 KW capacity solar array to minimize reliance on the Tribe’s (2) larger diesel generators; the Tribe’s smaller 125 KW generator operates more efficiently and uses less fuel than the 175 KW generators iii.Propane [gal or MMBtu] iv.Coal [tons or MMBtu] v.Wood [cords, green tons, dry tons] vi.Other 4.Project Cost –solar a)Total capital cost of new system Capital costs will be determined as a result of the study b)Development cost $100,000 c)Annual O&M cost of new system O&M costs will be determined as a result of the study d)Annual fuel cost 5.Project Benefits a)Amount of fuel displaced for i.Electricity ii.Heat iii.Transportation b)Price of displaced fuel $4/gallon Renewable Energy Fund RFA AEA 09-004 Application Cost Worksheet revised 9/26/08 Page 3 c)Other economic benefits d)Amount of Alaska public benefits 6.Power Purchase/Sales Price a)Price for power purchase/sale $0.60/ kWh 7.Project Analysis a)Basic Economic Analysis Project benefit/cost ratio Payback The estimated payback assuming 35% efficiency, $10,000 capital cost to produce 35% of 1 kWh, 3650 hrs per year = 1277.5 kWh’s per year; avoided fuel cost at $4/gallon with generator efficiency at 10 kWh’s = $0.40/1.0 kWh; 1277.5 x .4 = $511/year; payback –10,000/511 or 19.5 years; most solar panels are warranted for 25+ years. The goal of this feasibility study will be to determine the efficiency of solar on a test system as well as a more refined capital cost; the actual payback period cannot be determined until the actual efficiency and site-specific capital costs is documented Native Village of Perryville 2008 Grant Budget Form Alaska Energy Authority - Renewable Energy Fund BUDGET INFORMATION BUDGET SUMMARY: Milestone or Task Federal Funds State Funds Local Match Funds (Cash) Local Match Funds (In-Kind)Other Funds TOTALS 1. Initial on-site Meeting & Equipment Set-Up $59,668.00 $59,668.00 2. Data Collection $7,300.00 $7,300.00 3. Data Analysis, Review with Council and Final Report $28,613.00 $28,613.00 4 $0.00 5 $0.00 6 $0.00 Totals $95,581.00 $95,581.00 Milestone # or Task # BUDGET CATAGORIES:1 2 3 4 5 6 TOTALS Direct Labor and Benefits $0.00 Travel, Meals, or Per Diem $0.00 Equipment $0.00 Supplies $0.00 Contractual Services $59,668.00 $7,300.00 $28,613.00 $95,581.00 Construction Services $0.00 Other Direct Costs $0.00 TOTAL DIRECT CHARGES $59,668.00 $7,300.00 $28,613.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 NATIVE VILLAGE OF PERRYVILLE - ALTERNATIVE ENERGY RECONNAISSANCE/FEASIBILITY STUDY RFA AEA09-004 Budget Form Native Village of Perryville AEA Renewable Energy Participating Resolution Native Village of Perryville Grant Certification Native Village of Perryville AEA Renewable Energy Cover Letter Native Village of Perryville AEA Renewable Energy Community Plan Document View for Perryville Community Plan www.docmeister.com -- November 09, 2008 Table of Contents: 7. Power & Fuel 7.1. Bulk Fuel 7.2. Power & Alternative Energy Strategies 7.3. Hydroelectric Power Feasibility Study 7. Power & Fuel An overview of the power plant and bulk fuel tank farm is provided below. 7.1. Bulk Fuel Storage Facility The Native Village of Perryville owns the Bulk Fuel Storage Farm (BFSF) for distribution and use for the community, however there are multiple fuel tank owners. The BFSF was constructed in 1992 to consolidate the existing Perryville bulk fuel storage tanks. The BFSF is located approximately 1.5 miles outside the community. The facility can be accessed by vehicles and four- wheelers. A new 1.3 mile gravel road to the community’s bulk fuel tank farm is under construction to improve access. There are 23 fuel tanks (21 diesel tanks and 2 gasoline tanks) and the total fuel storage capacity is 95,000 gallons. All tanks are located within a lined, secondary containment area surrounded by a locked chain link fence. The BFSF is in a secured dike area and all tanks are kept locked. The Tribe owns four tanks that hold diesel fuel (total capacity of 36,900 gallons) and two tanks that carry gasoline (total capacity of 6,000 gallons). There are 17 diesel tanks that are privately owned by individual residents in Perryville. The Tribe does not charge these private owners any type of fees for space or maintenance. The Tribe receives two fuel deliveries per year, every six to eight months. The Tribe purchases diesel for $2.17/gal and it is sold for $2.27/gal. The Tribe also purchases gasoline for $2.41/gal and it is sold for $2.51/gal. Most of the tanks are now over 20 years old and do not meet many of the existing requirements of 40 CFR 112.7 and industry standards. A list of current deficiencies is listed in the Spill Prevention Control And Countermeasures Plan prepared by MWH. A new Bulk Fuel Storage Facility is a priority for the Native Village of Perryville. For planning purposes, we are assuming the future demand will be 120% of existing capacity or 115,200 gallons total x $15/gallon of capacity, or $1,728,000 in capital costs in FY2005 dollars. Current BFSF Layout 7.2. Power & Alternative Energy Strategies Alternative Energy Statement The Native Village of Perryville is a federally recognized Tribe charged with protecting the general welfare of its tribal members, and while the community of Perryville is currently dependent upon diesel generators that use limited and costly fuel to produce electricity there is a need to find viable alternative renewable energy sources for the community that will reduce, or eliminate, its dependency on diesel as its primary energy source. Anenemometer Alaska Energy Authority The Alaska Energy Authority (AEA) was created by the Alaska Legislature in 1976. Alaska has more than 118 independent utilities serving a total population of under 622,000 and covering an enormous range of geographic and economic diversity. The AEA places emphasis on lowering the costs and increasing the safety and reliability of rural power systems. Emergency responses to utility systems and fuel storage failures are provided, as necessary, to protect the life, health, and safety of rural Alaskans. Anemometer Loan Program This program supplies meteorological towers, data logging equipment, and technical support to help interested communities and utilities quantify their wind resource. 48 communities responded to AEA’s recent offering of assistance. After a year's data is collected the program’s 20 towers will be relocated to other communities. Funding for this program is from the Denali Commission and USDOE. Alaska Energy Authority’s Wind Energy Resource Assessment Program The AEA's Wind Energy Resource Assessment Program is planning to deploy equipment for the collection of wind speed and direction data to assess the potential for wind power production in rural Alaska. The wind tower loan program is aimed at communities with the potential for utility grade wind energy projects. AEA anticipates that by the end of 2004 it will assist in the installation of up to 30 meteorological (MET) towers. Perryville Anemometer The Alaska Energy Authority (AEA) installed an Anemometer consisting of a 100ft tower with eight safety/support cables and reflectors. The tower was placed in Perryville in December 2004 to collect wind data to determine the feasibility of wind generated power. The results of the study were not entirely favorable, in that the wind data categorized the site as Class 2 Marginal for wind. The study did not recommend village-scale wind power as an alternative, but did leave the door open for smaller scale systems. Power Native Village of Perryville provides electricity in the village via a central generation system, which was installed in 1982. The Native Village of Perryville owns and operates the Perryville Power Plant. The power source is diesel and the capacity is 475 KW's; and the rate/KWH is 17.7 cents/KWH. The Power Plant is subsidized through Power Cost Equalization (PCE). Native Village of Perryville provides electricity in the village via a central generation system, which was installed in 1982. The Native Village of Perryville owns and operates the Perryville Power Plant. The power source is diesel; Kilowatt capacity is 475; and the rate/Kilowatt hour is 17.7 cents/KWH. The Power Plant is subsidized through Power Cost Equalization (PCE). Perryville's generator building is 700 sq. ft. with metal framing and siding, and it has a 10 ft x 8 ft garage door. The generator building is in poor condition; it needs to be renovated and the floor needs to be entirely replaced. The average cost in FY2005 dollars to construct a new power plant facility is $2,500 per KK. Accounting for increased demand over the future at 20%, or 510 KW's x $2,500/KW = $1,275,000. Power Generation Facility Photo External photo of Perryville Tribal Power Generation Facility, February 2005 Site of Power Plant 7.3. Hydroelectric Power Feasibility Study Hydroelectric Power Feasibility Study Alaska Energy Authority Alaska Energy Authority (AEA) was created by the Alaska Legislature in 1976. Throughout the 1980s, AEA worked to develop the state’s energy resources as a key element in diversifying Alaska’s economy. A number of large-scale projects were constructed. Today, AEA’s six hydroelectric projects have an installed capacity of 164 megawatts, and the Anchorage-Fairbanks Intertie’s 170 miles of transmission line link Interior Alaska with less expensive energy available in the Southcentral portion of the state. As a result of legislation passed in 1993, AEA’s primary role was to own these existing hydroelectric projects and the Intertie. The many AEA programs addressing the energy needs of rural communities were transferred to the newly created Division of Energy within the Department of Community and Regional Affairs. In 1999, the Alaska Legislature moved the rural energy programs back to AEA and the rural energy staff was hired by Alaska Industrial Development and Export Authority (AIDEA) to operate the rural energy programs. Oversight of AEA rests with the AIDEA, whose board of directors and executive director serve in the same capacity for AEA. AIDEA also provides staff to AEA. 1983 Perryville Hydroelectric Feasibility Study A Power Generation Study was performed on Perryville in 1983 by the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers. The feasibility for a hydroelectric project located near Perryville came out negative due to the economics at the time. However, this may have changed in today's climate. Future Feasibility Projects According to Bruce Tiedeman, AEA Manager, AEA doesn't have any feasibility projects slated for Perryville. However, as AEA develops more possible Rural Power System Upgrade sites where alternative energy sources, such as hydro, make sense, then AIDEA/AEA may explore this option again. Doc Meister is a WebTeam tool. Support Copyright © 2002-2008 Bizware Online Applications, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Native Village of Perryville Mat-Su Cost Proposal George Sikat III 7330 East Sebastian Drive, Wasilla, Alaska 99654, 907-746-9089 November 7, 2008 Mr. Gerald Kosbruk, President Native Village of Perryville PO Box 89 Perryville, Alaska 99648 Re: Perryville Reconnaissance Study, Alternative Energy Dear Mr. Kosbruk: We are pleased to submit this proposal to complete a reconnaissance/feasibility study for alternative energy solutions for Perryville. As part of this reconnaissance/feasibility study, we will be monitoring output from the 10 Skystream wind turbines installed by the Tribe over the course of 12 months. In addition, we will be monitoring solar radiance and energy output utilizing an array of 12 solar panels and a grid tie inverter with remote telemetry. All data collected will be available 24/7 365 days per year and analyzed for future use of wind and solar systems. Mat-Su Energy will install the solar array either to the roof of an existing structure owned by the Tribe or Oceanside Corporation and we will utilize and train local labor on the installation. A mechanical meter will also be installed to measure the annual output of the solar power system. Our consulting electrical engineer for this project is Mr. Tom Humphrey, P.E. A summary of Tom’s qualifications follows: • Tom Humphrey, PE, Principal Electrical Engineer, 30 years of experience • BSEE, Ca. State University Long Beach, 1970 • MBA Candidate Stud.1974-77, U of Professional Engineer, Alaska No. EE4415, Hawaii #4616, Nevada #5340 • Electrical Admin, Alaska #353 all categories • Journey Elect. ADL Cert of Fitness # 106710 • Journey Lineman, ADL Cert of Fitness 113452 We will also be researching the viability of other renewable energy systems [tidal, geothermal] to determine whether they warrant additional study. Attached is our fee proposal, as well as the specifications on the solar panels we propose to use for purposes of this feasibility study. We look forward to working with you to repower the community of Perryville with renewable energy! Sincerely, George Sikat III, President Three Star Enterprises LLC Cost Proposal Estimated Man-hours and Cost by Task PIFSC-8-47160: NOAA Grant Writing Training Manual August 25, 2008 TASK DESCRIPTIONS Hours Cost Hours Cost Hours Cost Hours Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Initial Project Meeting: Perryville 20 2,500.00$ 40 3,980.00$ 0 -$ 40 5,000.00$ 2,500$ -$ 50$ 163$ 14,193$ Order/Lease and Install Solar Panels and Inverter 40 5,000.00$ -$ -$ -$ 2,000$ 36,500$ 50$ 1,925$ 45,475$ Data Analysis 8 1,000.00$ -$ -$ 50 6,250.00$ 50$ -$ 7,300$ Report 40 5,000.00$ 75 7,462.50$ 80 3,600.00$ 4 500.00$ 50$ -$ 16,613$ Public Meeting to present Study 40 5,000.00$ 40 3,980.00$ -$ -$ 2,400$ 500$ 120$ 12,000$ 148 18,500.00$ 155 15,422.50$ 80 3,600.00$ 94 11,750.00$ 6,900.00$ 36,500.00$ 700.00$ 2,208.00$ 95,580.50$ Project Lead: George Sikat of Mat- Su Energy Technical Writer: Anthony Caole of Three Star Enterprises [Perryville] Tom Humphrey, P.E. Electrical Engineer of PCE Company Feasibility Report: Charlene Yagi of Three Star Enterprises [Perryville] TotalsTravel Costs Equipment Leasing & Installation: 5% Out-of- Pocket Mark- up Printing and Copying, Communicatio ns $125.00 $99.50 $125.00$45.00 2 0 8 WAT T P O LY -C R Y S T A L L I N E S I L I C O N P H O T O V O LT A I C M O D U L E W I T H 2 0 8 W M A X I M U M P O W E R This poly-crystalline 208 watt module features 12.8% module efficiency for an outstanding balance of size and weight to power and performance. Using breakthrough technology perfected by Sharp’s 45 years of research and development,these modules incorporate an advanced surface texturing process to increase light absorption and improve efficiency. Common applications include office buildings,cabins,solar power stations, solar villages,radio relay stations,beacons,traffic lights and security systems. Ideal for grid-connected systems and designed to withstand rigorous operating conditions,Sharp’s ND-208U1 modules offer maximum power output per square foot of solar array. N E X T G E N E R A T I O N .B R E A K T H R O U G H P E R F O R M A N C E . N D -2 0 8 U 1 F E A T U R E S • High-power module (208W ) using 155mm square poly- crystalline silicon solar cells with 12.8% module conversion efficiency • Sharp’s advanced surface texturing process increases light absorption and efficiency while providing a more subdued,“natural”look • Bypass diodes minimize the power drop caused by shade • White tempered glass,EVA resin, and a weatherproof film,plus aluminum frame for extended outdoor use • UL Listings:UL1703,cUL • Sharp modules are manufactured in ISO 9001 certified facilities •25-year limited warranty on power output (see dealer for details) M U LT I -P U R P O S E M O D U L E Solder-coated grid results in high fill factor performance under low light conditions. Sharp multi-purpose modules offer industry-leading performance for a variety of applications. Operating Temperature (min to max,°F/°C)-40 to +194˚F / -40 to +90˚C Storage Temperature (min to max,°F/°C)-40 to +194˚F / -40 to +90˚C D I M E N S I O N S Sharp Electronics Corporation •5901 Bolsa Avenue,Huntington Beach,CA 92647 Tel:1-800-SOLAR-06 •E-mail:sharpsolar@sharpusa.com •www.sharpusa.com/solar 2 0 8 WAT TND-2 0 8 U 1 M U L T I -P U R P O S E M O D U L E I V C U R V E S A B S O L U T E M A X I M U M R A T I N G S M E C H A N I C A L C H A R A C T E R I S T I C SELECTRICAL C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S In the absence of confirmation by product manuals,Sharp takes no responsibility for any defects that may occur in equipment using any Sharp devices. Contac t Sharp to obtain the latest product manuals before using any Sharp device. Design and specifications are subject to change without notice. Cell Poly-crystalline silicon No.of Cells and Connections 60 in series Open Circuit Voltage (Voc)*36.1V Maximum Power Voltage (Vpm)*28.5V Short Circuit Current (Isc)8.13A Maximum Power Current (Ipm)7.3A Maximum Power (Pmax)*208W (+10% / -5%) Module Efficiency Maximum Power (m)12.8% Maximum System Voltage 600VDC Series Fuse Rating 15A Type of Output Terminal Lead Wire with MC Connector Dimensions (L x W x D)64.6" x 39.1" x 1.8" / 1640mm x 994m x 46mm Weight 46.3lbs / 21kg Size of Carton 68.3" x 43.2" x 4.5" / 1735mm x 1097mm x 114mm Carton Quantity 2 pcs per carton Pallet Quantity 28 pcs per pallet Loading Capacity (48 ft container)448 pcs (16 pallets) Loading Capacity (53 ft container)476 pcs (17 pallets) D C A B Cell Temperature:25˚C Current,Power vs.Voltage Characteristics Cover photo:Solar installation by Pacific Power Management,Auburn CA SSD-208-805 ©2005 Sharp Electronics Corporation Printed in the USA E G F A B C D 7.87"/200mm 15.55"/395mm 28.35"/720mm 32.28"/820mm E F G 39.13"/994mm 64.57"/1640mm 51.18"/1300mm * (STC) Standard Test Conditions:25°C,1 kW/m2,AM 1.5 Voltage [V]Current vs. Voltage Power vs. Voltage Power [W]Current [A]0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 1000[W/m2] 800[W/m2] 600[W/m2] Native Village of Perryville Bristol Bay Times Article: Perryville Begins Wind Power Courtesy photo/Fritz Johnson At the 20th annual Blessing of the Fleet on June 2 in Dillingham, Alaska Gov. Sarah Palin said, "We want to put Bristol Bay fish on the map to an even greater degree." During the governor’s visit to Bristol Bay, she made a return visit to New Stuyahok, toured the University of Alaska Fairbanks Bristol Bay Campus, and painted a tile in a current downtown Dillingham mural project. Vol. 27, No. 25 $1.00 Dillingham, Naknek, King Salmon and Southwest Villages June 7, 2007 The Palin visits New Stuyahok Page10 8 5 4 1 5 9 0 0 0 0 6 6 BT 06-07-07 BristolBayBristolBay Times Spawned Weekly in Southwest Alaska Cityofficialswon’tcomment, petitionawaitsresponse By Dustin Solberg The Bristol BayTimes A group of 14 Togiak residents has filed paperwork with the city in an attempt to ini- tiate a recall of Mayor Gary Carlos and Police Chief Aaron Parker. The recall effort is led by Anecia Kertz and Kevin Ramey, who filed their request with theTogiak city clerk on May 3. The group makes a number of accusations against the officials,ranging from ethical mis- conduct to charging inebriated citizens with unsubstantiated crimes. According to the application documents on file with the city, these extra criminal charges have resulted in transporting prison- ers from Togiak to a jail in Dillingham on Alaska Island Air.The airline is owned by a member of Carlos’ family, the application states. Asked to comment on the recall effort, Carlos refused twice to speak to a reporter, hanging up the phone on both occasions. Parker did not respond to a request for comment by press time. City Clerk Margie Coopchiak,when asked for a timeline on when the city will respond to the three-week-old request to initiate a recall petition,did not respond. It appears the residents have adhered to the simple procedure established in the Alaska State constitution, which spells out the steps necessary for the recall of elected officials. After receiving an application requesting a recall petition, according to state statute, the municipal clerk is to determine if the paperwork meets the requirements as pro- vided by Alaska statute. State statute requires a municipal clerk to respond to such a petition within 10 days.In Togiak, after three weeks, Coopchiak ruled the application “does not meet the statutory requirements.” In a May 25 letter to Kritz and Ramey, Coopchiak wrote, “I believe that I could validly treat the document as either a simple expression of a desire to recall two officials, which would call for no action on the part of the city or the city clerk,or as an application for a petition for recall, which would require my review.” In a March 29 response, Ramey accused the city of stalling and insisted that the resi- dents’ request was clear and not“ambiguous” as implied in the city’s May 25 response. Togiak residents organize to recall mayor, chief Peninsulavillagelooks toalternativeenergy By Dustin Solberg The Bristol BayTimes The fuel barge beaches at the village of Perryville twice a year.It comes once in the fall and again in the spring,as it did on a recent day late in May. In this village of 120, as in most Alaska villages, giant tanks hold the rustic elixir that makes rural Alaska go. It’s called No. 2 diesel, and it generates the electricity that keeps refrigerators cold, stoves hot. Because few can live without its benefits, the village council just spent $78,576.31 to fill its tanks with 25,421 gallons of it. That’s $3.09 a gallon.Nobody knows what it will cost to fill the tanks again in the fall.It might cost more.A lot more. “Fuel prices ain’t going down, that’s for sure,” said Perryville begins wind power project See Page 7,Wind BLESSING OF THE FLEET ‘The Japanese came over and bombed us and the only trouble was, they missed us all together. That was nice.’ Editor’s note: This is the second of four interview exerptstoappearinsuccessiveissuesofTheBristolBay Times When we got to Adak,we went ashore on little life rafts and we spent the night on shore.The next morning we took off. We went up on top of the hill there at Adak. And just as we got up there,here comes a Japanese bomber reconnaissance plane came over, circled around us, kind of banked, looked at us and kept on going. So our guard – we gathered together,got five in each group,and took off and started off the island and we were there four days. And we gathered together … just south of Mount Moffett, we gathered together and we found there was one man missing.So we all gath- ered together,waited,waited.And pretty soon,we seen a man down on the flats, and he was wan- dering around. And Hank Farrington was our sharpshooter. So hegothisoldSpringfieldout,gotthesightsup,laid down and got it all set, and Bob Thompson said, “Just wait and see who he is.” So we kept on. And all of a sudden there was See Page 13,Troopers PART 2 Gerald Kosbrook of the Perryville Village Council. This is what sent the Council,which oper- ates the village power plant’s three John Deere generators, to search for another way to deliver electricity to its residents and its single largest customer – the village school. The best way to reduce the amount of diesel it buys seems to be generating elec- tricity on its own.To do this, the village has decided it will capture the wind. In this village on the Gulf of Alaska side of the Alaska Peninsula,the abundance of wind has never been in question. Instead, the question has always been this: Where to locate a cluster of wind so that the peninsu- la’s gales don’t blow the $6,000 turbines to pieces? The council believes it has just such a place, near the beach a few hundred yards east of the village. This month, the village council will begin constructing 3-foot-deepfootings for a cluster of 10 small wind turbines. Utility wind projects in Alaska more com- monly rely on higher capacity turbines. A project inToksook Bay consists of three 100- kilowatt turbines,for instance.But such tur- bines are more costly. U.S.-made Skystream turbines weigh 175 pounds each and can be installed without a crane. A skid-steer tractor is sufficient. Repairs may be less complicated, as well. “(If) they need something, they can take care of on their own.(Or) they can take this down and put it in a (Cessna) 206 and send it to me. It’s user friendly,” said Kirk Garoutte of Susitna Energy Systems in Anchorage, the company assisting with the Perryville project. The project is initially budgeted at $100,000.The village will pay for this with a $59,000 alternative energy grant from the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the village gen- eral fund. “It’s time to help ourselves out,”Kosbrook said. Each turbine will generate just 1.8 kilo- watts – the machines are in fact designed with the electrical demands of a typical U.S. household in mind.Yet in Perryville,this fleet of turbines is intended to fill a practical niche. If the turbines can produce nearly 20 kilo- watts, this addition to the village electrical grid will allow the power plant to generate electricity with the smallest of its three gen- erators. The 128-kilowatt generator consumes less fuel than either of the larger units next to it. This could translate to a fuel savings of 300 gallons per week. “Three hundred gallons nowadays is about a thousand bucks,” Kosbrook said. Such are the financial travails of main- taining a village power plant reliant on once- affordable fossil fuel. “It was a great idea when diesel was a buck a gallon. Now that it’s more expensive than that,that’s just not a viable economic model for these small communities,” said Joe Austerman, a special assistant to Alaska commerce commissioner Emil Notti. Whether it’s viable or not, it is the infra- structure installed in Alaska’s villages. Over the years, the diesel infrastructure was built with the help of Sen. Ted Stevens and the federal Denali Commission – the agency charged with assisting the state in lifting its rural reaches out ofThirdWorld conditions. “Turning the ship is a difficult thing to do,” Austerman said. A project such as the one now under way in Perryville is one way to retrofit the now- antiquated use of diesel to create electricity. Wind power will not replace the reliable diesel workhorse rural Alaska has come to depend on. But it can form a more practical wind-diesel hybrid generation system akin to what’s under the hood of a gasoline-elec- tric hybrid car. “Whenever you have a wind system in Alaska, it’s going to be a wind-diesel sys- tem,” said Chris Rose of the nonprofit Renewable Energy Alaska Project. Some elegant engineer- ing allows electrical genera- tion to switch seamlessly between wind and diesel. Such hybrid systems,which draw heavily from alterna- tive energy sources such as solar and tidal turbines,may become practical for underde- veloped locales around the world. “Alaska’s really got a lab here, whether we like it or not,”Rose said.“We’ve really got a unique place to test this kind of stuff. We can look at it as an opportunity.” The sub-Arctic nation of Iceland has developed its own most viable resource – geothermal energy.This has developed into a significant contribution to the nation’s economy, though not because it exports energy. “They’re exporting their expertise and technology and themselves,” Rose said. Alaska may have a similar opportunity. But first, developing alternative energy resources would only benefit from a more coordinated statewide effort. Part of this may come in the form of a bill proposing a Renewable Energy Fund, which made its way through the Alaska Legislature’s most recent session. The bill would cre- ate a new loan and grant fund for renew- able energy projects within the existing Power Project Fund. The bill,with 11 co- sponsors in the Senate, fell just short of pass- ing. It’s expected to continue its passage through the Legislature in the next session. The Alaska Energy Authority, an agency within the state’s Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development, is planning regional hubs for alternative energy development. “Theideaistohaveahubcityfora region,”said Martina Dabo,who directs the authority’s wind program. A regional hub could include the parts and expertise necessary for the operation of new technologies such as wind turbines. Bulk purchases could help minimize costs. “You can streamline wind development resources.If you have a region with the same wind resource,you can narrow it down to the optimum type of wind turbine,” Dabo said. Such coordination is already necessary, said Rose, because the energy crisis is here and prices are unstable. “That means that we’re going to get out competed if we don’t put more (alternative energy) in place.If you’ve got no policy that says you’re going to stabilize rates via renew- ables you’re at a disadvantage,” he said. For more information on wind programs in Kotzebue,Wales,St.Paul,PortHeiden,Selawik, ToksookBayandKasigluk,visitWindPrograms of the Alaska Energy Authority online at www.akenergyauthority.org/programwindsys- tem.html. June 7,2007 The Bristol BayTimes Page 7 Dustin Solberg/The Bristol BayTimes Kirk Garoutte of Susitna Energy Systems with a tur- bine similarto those soon to be installed in Perryville. Courtesy photo/Northern Power Systems This 100-kilowatt Northwind 100 wind turbine was installed in Toksook Bay in 2006. The 10 new turbines planned for Perryville will produce a total of about 20 kilowatts. Wind … FromPage1 BOOK YOUR SPACE TODAY ON NORTHLAND SERVICES! Scheduled barge service between Seattle,Anchorage and Bristol Bay VOYAGE Seattle Deadline Seattle departure Anchorage deadline W703 Anchorage-originating freight only May 10 W704 May 11 May 18 Seattle-originating freight only W705 May 29 June 1 June 7 W706 June 11 June 15 June 21 For information and booking,call toll free 1-800-426-3113 or 206-763-3000. DELIVERY ADDRESS: ANCHORAGETERMINAL: Terminal 115 660 Western Drive 6700 W.Marginal Way SW Anchorage,AK 99501 Seattle,WA 98106 Phone:907-276-4030 Visit us online at www.northlandservices.com BT Public Meeting Public Meeting AnnouncementAnnouncement The United States Air Force Invites You to participate in a Public Meeting in your community to discuss the PROPOSED PLAN FOR FINAL ACTIONS FOR SEVEN ERP SITES AT THE BIG MOUNTAIN RRS being distributed for Public Comment THE AIR FORCE INVITES YOU TO PROVIDE YOUR WRITTEN OR VERBAL COMMENTS DURING THE 30-DAY PUBLIC COMMENT PERIOD FROM JUNE 14, 2007 TO JULY 14, 2007. Interested stakeholders and residents are invited to attend Public Meetings being held in the following local communities at the dates and times specified: Igiugig:Igiugig:Monday June 11, 2007 at 4:00pm at the Airport Building Pedro Bay: Pedro Bay:TuesdayJune12,2007at2:00pmatthe Pedro Bay Village Council Building Newhalen:Newhalen:Tuesday June 12, 2007 at 7:00pm at the Newhalen Teen Center Nondalton:Nondalton:Wednesday June 13, 2007 at 2:00pm at the Nondalton Community Building Iliamna:Iliamna:Wednesday June 13, 2007 at 7:00pm at the Iliamna Community Center Kokhanok:Kokhanok:Thursday June 14, 2007 at 2:00pm at the Kokhanok Village Council Offices Port Alsworth: Port Alsworth:Thursday June 14, 2007 at 8:00pm at the PAIC Building Native Village of Perryville AEA Wind Resource Report Perryville, Alaska Wind Resource Update Report Report written by: Douglas Vaught, P.E., V3 Energy, LLC Photo by Doug Vaught, V3 Energy, LLC Summary Information The wind resource study in Perryville defied expectations of measuring strong winds. It appears that local geographic features effectively shield the test site, and the nearby village, from the ferocious winds common to the southern Alaska Peninsula coast. With a measured wind power class of 2 (marginal), Perryville does not appear at this time to be a promising location for V3 Energy, LLC 1 of 30 Perryville, Alaska Wind Resource Report village-scale wind power development, although there is always the possibility of successful home-scale wind power development. Meteorological Tower Data Synopsis Wind power class Class 2 – Marginal Wind speed annual average (30 meters) 4.60 m/s Maximum wind gust (2 sec. average) 24.4 m/s (Nov 2004) Mean wind power density (50 meters) 240 W/m2 (calculated) Mean wind power density (30 meters) 185 W/m2 (measured) Wiebull distribution parameters k = 1.36, c = 5.02 m/s Roughness class 1.93 (few trees) Power law exponent 0.181 (moderate wind shear) Turbulence intensity 0.158 Data start date October 9, 2004 Most recent data date October 4, 2006 Community Profile Current Population:114 (2005 State Demographer est.) Incorporation Type:Unincorporated Borough Located In:Lake & Peninsula Borough School District:Lake & Peninsula Schools Regional Native Corporation:Bristol Bay Native Corporation Location: Perryville is located on the south coast of the Alaska Peninsula, 275 miles southwest of Kodiak and 500 miles southwest of Anchorage. It lies at approximately 55.912780° North Latitude and 159.145560° West Longitude. (Sec. 27, T049S, R064W, Seward Meridian.) Perryville is located in the Aleutian Islands Recording District. The area encompasses 9.2 sq. miles of land and 0.1 sq. miles of water. History: The community was founded in 1912 as a refuge for Alutiiq people driven away from their villages by the eruption of Mt. Katmai. Many villagers from Douglas and Katmai survived the eruption because they were out fishing at the time. Captain Perry of the ship "Manning" transported people from the Katmai area to Ivanof Bay, and later, to the new village site. The village was originally called "Perry," but the "ville" was added to conform to the post office name, established in 1930. Culture: The village maintains an Alutiiq culture and a subsistence lifestyle. Commercial fishing provides cash income. Economy: Eleven residents hold commercial fishing permits for the Chignik salmon fishery. During the summer, the majority of residents leave Perryville to fish in Chignik or Chignik Lagoon. Only a few year-round jobs are available. Some trap during the winter, and all rely heavily on subsistence food sources. Salmon, trout, marine fish, crab, clams, moose, caribou, bear, porcupine and seal are harvested. V3 Energy, LLC 2 of 30 Perryville, Alaska Wind Resource Report Facilities: Water is supplied by a nearby stream and 60,000-gallon timber dam gravity system. It is treated, stored in a new 50,000-gallon tank, and distributed via water mains. Thirty homes and the school have piped water. Individual septic tanks are used by most residents and there is a septic system for community facilities. The landfill is recorded as inactive. A number of homes are used only seasonally. Transportation: Perryville is accessible by air and sea. There is a State-owned 2,467' long by 50' wide gravel runway and seaplane base and scheduled and charter flights are available from King Salmon. Cargo barges deliver fuel and supplies each spring. A small boat harbor is needed for the growing fishing community and the west side of Three Star Point has been selected for development. ATVs and skiffs are the primary means of local transportation. Climate: Perryville's maritime climate is characterized by cool summers, warm winters and rainy weather. Average summer temperatures range from 39° to 60° F; winter temperatures average 21° to 50° F. Low clouds, rain squalls, fog and snow showers frequently limit visibility. Average annual precipitation is 127 inches, including 58 inches of snow. (Above information from State of Alaska Department of Commerce, Community, and Economic Development website, http://www.dced.state.ak.us/) Tower Sensor Information Channel Sensor type Height Multiplier Offset Orientation 1 NRG #40 anemometer 30 m 0.765 0.35 west 2 NRG #40 anemometer 23 m 0.765 0.35 south 3 NRG #40 anemometer 19 m 0.765 0.35 west 7 NRG #200P wind vane 30 m 0.351 265 east 9 NRG #110S Temp C 2 m 0.136 -86.383 N/A Site Information and Location Site number 2858 Site Description Coastal flat, behind beach dunes, east side of village Latitude/longitude N 55° 54.648’; W 159° 08.387’ Site elevation 2 meters Datalogger type NRG Symphonie Tower type NRG 30-meter tall tower, 152 mm (6-in) diameter V3 Energy, LLC 3 of 30 Perryville, Alaska Wind Resource Report V3 Energy, LLC 4 of 30 Perryville, Alaska Wind Resource Report Data Quality Control Data was filtered to remove presumed icing events that yield false zero wind speed data. Data that met the following criteria were filtered: wind speed < 1 m/s, wind speed standard deviation = 0, and temperature < 2° C. Note that data recovery for the Perryville met tower was excellent with very little data lost to icing events and no data lost to failed sensors. Because sensor icing was so minimal, filtered data was not synthesized and replaced. Ch 1 (speed 30 m) Ch 2 (speed 23 m) Ch 3 (speed 19 m) Year Month Records Recovery Records Recovery Records Recovery Rate (%) Rate (%) Rate (%) 2004 Oct 3,198 99.2 3,198 99.2 3,198 99.2 2004 Nov 4,198 97.2 4,178 96.7 4,237 98.1 2004 Dec 4,464 100 4,464 100 4,464 100 2005 Jan 4,464 100 4,464 100 4,464 100 2005 Feb 4,032 100 4,032 100 4,032 100 2005 Mar 4,357 97.6 4,357 97.6 4,357 97.6 2005 Apr 4,320 100 4,320 100 4,320 100 2005 May 4,464 100 4,464 100 4,464 100 2005 Jun 4,320 100 4,320 100 4,320 100 2005 Jul 4,464 100 4,464 100 4,464 100 2005 Aug 4,464 100 4,464 100 4,464 100 2005 Sep 4,320 100 4,320 100 4,320 100 2005 Oct 4,464 100 4,464 100 4,464 100 2005 Nov 4,320 100 4,320 100 4,320 100 2005 Dec 4,464 100 4,464 100 4,464 100 2006 Jan 4,464 100 4,464 100 4,464 100 2006 Feb 4,032 100 4,032 100 4,032 100 2006 Mar 4,464 100 4,415 98.9 4,464 100 2006 Apr 4,281 99.1 4,320 100 4,320 100 2006 May 4,464 100 4,464 100 4,464 100 2006 Jun 4,320 100 4,320 100 4,320 100 2006 Jul 4,464 100 4,464 100 4,464 100 2006 Aug 4,464 100 4,464 100 4,464 100 2006 Sep 4,320 100 4,320 100 4,320 100 2006 Oct 486 100 486 100 486 100 All data 104,072 99.7 104,042 99.7 104,150 99.8 Ch 7 (wind vane) Ch 9 (temperature) Year Month Records Recovery Records Recovery Rate (%) Rate (%) 2004 Oct 3,223 100 3,223 100 2004 Nov 4,320 100 4,320 100 2004 Dec 4,464 100 4,464 100 2005 Jan 4,464 100 4,464 100 2005 Feb 4,032 100 4,032 100 2005 Mar 4,464 100 4,464 100 2005 Apr 4,320 100 4,320 100 2005 May 4,464 100 4,464 100 2005 Jun 4,320 100 4,320 100 V3 Energy, LLC 5 of 30 Perryville, Alaska Wind Resource Report 2005 Jul 4,464 100 4,464 100 2005 Aug 4,464 100 4,464 100 2005 Sep 4,320 100 4,320 100 2005 Oct 4,464 100 4,464 100 2005 Nov 4,320 100 4,320 100 2005 Dec 4,464 100 4,464 100 2006 Jan 4,464 100 4,464 100 2006 Feb 4,032 100 4,032 100 2006 Mar 4,464 100 4,464 100 2006 Apr 4,320 100 4,320 100 2006 May 4,464 100 4,464 100 2006 Jun 4,320 100 4,320 100 2006 Jul 4,464 100 4,464 100 2006 Aug 4,464 100 4,464 100 2006 Sep 4,320 100 4,320 100 2006 Oct 486 100 486 100 All data 104,365 100 104,365 100 V3 Energy, LLC 6 of 30 Perryville, Alaska Wind Resource Report Measured Wind Speeds The Channel 1 (30-meter) anemometer annual wind speed average for the reporting period is 4.60 m/s, the Channel 2 (23-meter) anemometer wind speed average is 4.45 m/s, and the Channel 3 (19-meter) anemometer wind speed average is 4.22 m/s. 30 m speed (Ch 1) 23 m speed (Ch 2) 19 m speed (Ch 3) Month Mean Max Std. Dev. Weibull k Weibull c Mean Max Mean Max (m/s) (m/s) (m/s) (m/s) (m/s) (m/s) (m/s) (m/s) Jan 4.48 17.0 3.08 1.42 4.91 4.35 16.5 4.07 15.8 Feb 6.38 24.5 4.53 1.39 6.98 6.10 23.7 5.89 23.3 Mar 5.13 21.9 3.46 1.44 5.63 4.99 20.4 4.77 19.6 Apr 4.61 20.3 2.98 1.56 5.12 4.43 19.4 4.29 18.9 May 4.29 18.7 2.78 1.54 4.75 4.20 18.0 4.00 17.4 Jun 3.54 16.2 2.65 1.37 3.87 3.50 16.7 3.25 15.1 Jul 3.56 16.3 2.66 1.33 3.87 3.53 16.2 3.27 14.3 Aug 3.72 15.5 2.69 1.33 4.03 3.63 14.8 3.38 14.3 Sep 4.35 18.3 3.05 1.36 4.73 4.23 18.4 3.93 16.6 Oct 4.98 16.3 3.38 1.43 5.47 4.77 15.5 4.57 15.3 Nov 5.47 23.2 3.71 1.50 6.06 5.19 22.4 5.01 21.9 Dec 4.87 23.3 3.71 1.29 5.26 4.73 21.6 4.44 20.8 Annual 4.60 24.5 3.35 1.36 5.02 4.46 23.7 4.22 23.3 V3 Energy, LLC 7 of 30 Perryville, Alaska Wind Resource Report Daily Wind Profile The daily wind profile indicates a strong daily variation of wind speeds with the lowest wind speeds occurring in the morning hours of 3 to 9 a.m. and the highest wind speeds of the day occur during the afternoon and early evening hours of 2 to 6 p.m. The daily variation of wind speed, which is relatively pronounced on an annual basis, is quite more pronounced on a monthly basis. V3 Energy, LLC 8 of 30 Perryville, Alaska Wind Resource Report Time Series of Wind Speed Averages As expected, the highest winds occurred during the fall through spring months with relatively light winds during the summer months of June through August. Interestingly, Perryville’s winds are much lighter than had been expected given its geographic location on the Pacific coast of the Alaska Range. This may be due to the presence of significant mountainous terrain immediately west, north and east of the village as well as a large and high island just only a mile offshore that may act to block onshore winds. Perryville does experience strong winds sufficient for excellent wind energy recovery, but these winds tend to be quite short-lived, and then quickly drop off to very low speeds for long periods. A daily time series of the three wind vanes in late December, 2005 illustrates the typical dynamic of winds in Perryville and helps to explain the rather low average wind speed measured through the two year test period. V3 Energy, LLC 9 of 30 Perryville, Alaska Wind Resource Report V3 Energy, LLC 10 of 30 Perryville, Alaska Wind Resource Report Wind Shear Profile The average power law exponent was calculated at 0.181, indicating moderate wind shear at the Perryville met tower test site. The practical application of this information is that a higher turbine tower height is advantageous as there is an appreciable marginal gain in average wind speed with height. However, a tower height/power recovery/construction cost tradeoff study would be advisable should a wind power project be initiated. V3 Energy, LLC 11 of 30 Perryville, Alaska Wind Resource Report V3 Energy, LLC 12 of 30 Perryville, Alaska Wind Resource Report Probability Distribution Function The probability distribution function (PDF) provides a visual indication of measured wind speeds in one meter per second “bins”. Note that most wind turbines do not begin to generate power until the wind speed at hub height reaches 4 m/s, also known as the “cut-in” wind speed. The black line in the graph is a best fit Weibull distribution. At the 30 meter level, Weibull parameters are k = 1.36 (indicates a moderate distribution of wind speeds) and c = 5.02 m/s (scale factor for the Weibull distribution). The PDF information is shown visually in another manner in the second graph, the Cumulative Distribution Function. V3 Energy, LLC 13 of 30 Perryville, Alaska Wind Resource Report Wind Roses Perryville’s winds are not strongly directional; the wind frequency rose indicates predominately northwest winds with a lesser component of easterly and westerly winds. This data observation changes somewhat upon consideration of the power density rose (second wind rose). As one can see, the power producing winds are almost equally east, southeast, southwest, and northwest. The practical application of this information is that multiple turbines must be space rather far apart to prevent power loss to downwind machines. Note also that a wind threshold of 4 m/s was selected for the definition of calm winds. This wind speed represents the cut-in wind speed of most wind turbines. Remarkably, Perryville experiences fifty percent calm conditions by this definition (see wind frequency rose below), much higher than most other Alaska coastal locations. Wind frequency rose (30 meters) V3 Energy, LLC 14 of 30 Perryville, Alaska Wind Resource Report Wind Power Density Rose (30 meters) Wind Power Density Rose by Month (30 meters) Note: for easier visualization of monthly wind power variation, the scale is not common V3 Energy, LLC 15 of 30 Perryville, Alaska Wind Resource Report V3 Energy, LLC 16 of 30 Perryville, Alaska Wind Resource Report Turbulence Intensity The turbulence intensity is marginally acceptable to unacceptable for the most frequent wind directions, with mean turbulence intensity at 30 meters of 0.158 (threshold wind speed is 4 m/s), indicating somewhat turbulent air for wind power development. The high turbulence intensities to the northeast and south are insignificant as winds rarely blow from these sectors, but the relatively high turbulence intensities to the east and west-northwest are more significant as a reasonable percentage of Perryville’s power producing winds blow from these sectors. IEC turbulence intensity standards The turbulence intensities at 30 meters at the Perryville project test site do not meet International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards in southwest to northeast sectors at higher wind speeds. V3 Energy, LLC 17 of 30 Perryville, Alaska Wind Resource Report V3 Energy, LLC 18 of 30 Perryville, Alaska Wind Resource Report Turbulence Table Bin Bin Endpoints Records Standard Deviation Mean Standard Deviation Characteristic Midpoint Lower Upper In of Wind Speed Turbulence of Turbulence Turbulence (m/s) (m/s) (m/s) Bin (m/s) Intensity Intensity Intensity 1 0.5 1.5 11,379 0.473 0.533 0.168 0.700 2 1.5 2.5 11,781 0.580 0.302 0.140 0.442 3 2.5 3.5 13,178 0.618 0.211 0.101 0.312 4 3.5 4.5 13,025 0.686 0.175 0.083 0.258 5 4.5 5.5 11,382 0.795 0.161 0.072 0.233 6 5.5 6.5 9,743 0.931 0.157 0.067 0.224 7 6.5 7.5 7,630 1.071 0.154 0.064 0.218 8 7.5 8.5 5,249 1.231 0.155 0.061 0.216 9 8.5 9.5 3,805 1.414 0.159 0.060 0.218 10 9.5 10.5 2,695 1.591 0.161 0.059 0.219 11 10.5 11.5 1,823 1.756 0.161 0.059 0.220 12 11.5 12.5 1,379 1.860 0.156 0.057 0.213 13 12.5 13.5 1,011 1.941 0.150 0.053 0.203 14 13.5 14.5 737 2.031 0.146 0.050 0.196 15 14.5 15.5 505 2.257 0.151 0.047 0.198 16 15.5 16.5 313 2.300 0.145 0.046 0.191 17 16.5 17.5 224 2.341 0.138 0.046 0.184 18 17.5 18.5 153 2.514 0.140 0.044 0.185 19 18.5 19.5 75 2.507 0.133 0.037 0.169 20 19.5 20.5 44 2.409 0.121 0.037 0.158 21 20.5 21.5 18 2.589 0.124 0.044 0.168 22 21.5 22.5 16 2.669 0.122 0.037 0.159 23 22.5 23.5 12 2.550 0.111 0.020 0.131 24 23.5 24.5 4 2.375 0.100 0.012 0.112 25 24.5 25.5 1 2.600 0.106 0.000 0.106 V3 Energy, LLC 19 of 30 Perryville, Alaska Wind Resource Report Air Temperature and Density Over the reporting period, Perryville had an average temperature of 5.8° C. The minimum recorded temperature during the measurement period was -18.1° C and the maximum temperature was 26.4° C, indicating a cool to moderate temperate environment for wind turbine operations. Consequent to Perryville’s cool temperatures, the average air density of 1.265 kg/m3 is 3.2 percent higher than the standard air density of 1.225 kg/m3 (at 15° C). Temperature Air Density Month Mean Min Max Std. Dev. Mean Min Max (°C) (°C) (°C) (°C) (kg/m³) (kg/m³) (kg/m³) Jan -0.2 -18.1 14.6 5.93 1.293 1.226 1.383 Feb 0.9 -16.7 8.6 4.52 1.287 1.252 1.376 Mar 1.3 -11.7 10.3 3.63 1.286 1.245 1.349 Apr 2.5 -8.3 14.5 3.73 1.280 1.226 1.332 May 7.5 -3.3 26.4 3.84 1.257 1.178 1.307 Jun 10.6 2.0 26.1 3.03 1.244 1.179 1.282 Jul 12.9 4.6 21.1 2.71 1.233 1.199 1.270 Aug 13.2 4.2 22.3 2.65 1.232 1.194 1.272 Sep 10.4 0.4 18.4 2.79 1.244 1.210 1.290 Oct 6.1 -4.1 13.6 3.36 1.263 1.224 1.311 Nov 1.7 -11.0 9.7 4.33 1.284 1.247 1.346 Dec 2.0 -8.2 9.1 3.41 1.282 1.250 1.332 Annual 5.8 -18.1 26.4 6.11 1.265 1.178 1.383 V3 Energy, LLC 20 of 30 Perryville, Alaska Wind Resource Report Air Density DMap The DMap below is a visual indication of the daily and seasonal variations of air density (and hence temperature). Air densities higher than standard will yield higher turbine power than predicted by the turbine power curve, while densities lower than standard will yield lower turbine power than predicted. Density variance from standard is accounted for in the turbine performance predictions. V3 Energy, LLC 21 of 30 Perryville, Alaska Wind Resource Report Wind Turbine Performance The turbine performance predictions noted below are based on 100 percent and 90 percent turbine availabilities. The 100 percent data is for use as a baseline of comparison, but it is realistic to expect ten percent or more of losses or downtime for wind turbines located in a small, remote community. Note that these performance estimates were predicted with use of Windographer® wind analysis software; power curves provided by manufacturers are not independently verified and are assumed to be accurate. The power curves are presented for a standard air density of 1.225 kg/m3 at sea level and 15° C. However, the predictions of power production are density compensated by multiplying the standard density power output by the ratio of the measured air density to standard air density, accounting for the site elevation. A number of smaller village-scale grid-connected turbines are profiled in this report for comparison purposes. These turbines were selected because they have market availability and they are deemed to be within a suitable range for consideration of wind power development in a village the size of Perryville. Southwest Skystream 3.7: 1.8 kW rated power output, 3.7 meter rotor diameter, stall- controlled. Available tower heights: 10.7 and 33.5 meters. Additional information is available at www.skystreamenergy.com. Bergey Excel-S: 10 kW rated power output, 6.7 meter rotor diameter, stall-controlled. Available tower heights: 18, 24, 30, 37 and 43 meters. Additional information is available at www.bergey.com. V3 Energy, LLC 22 of 30 Perryville, Alaska Wind Resource Report Fuhrländer FL30: 30 kW rated power output, 13 meter rotor, stall-controlled (power curve provided by Lorax Energy, LLC). Available tower heights: 26 and 30 meters. Additional information is available at http://www.fuhrlaender.de/ and http://www.lorax-energy.com/. Entegrity eW-15: 65 kW rated power output, 15 meter rotor, stall-controlled (power curve provided by Entegrity Energy Systems). Available tower heights: 25 and 31 meters. Additional information is available at http://www.entegritywind.com/. V3 Energy, LLC 23 of 30 Perryville, Alaska W V3 Energy, LLC ind Resource Report 24 of 30 Vestas V15: 75 kW rated power output, 15 meter rotor, stall-controlled (power curve provided by Powercorp Alaska LLC). Available tower heights: 25, 31 and 34 meters. Additional information is available at http://www.pcorpalaska.com/. Northwind 100/20: 100 kW rated power output, 20 meter rotor (19 meter rotor blades with 0.6 meter blade root extensions added), stall-controlled (power curve provided by Northern Power Systems). Available tower heights: 25 and 32 meters. Additional information is available at http://www.northernpower.com/. Perryville, Alaska Wind Resource Report Turbine Power Output Comparison Hub Hub Height Time At Time At Average Net Annual Net Average Net HeightWind Speed Zero Output Rated Output Power Output Energy Output Capacity Factor Turbine (m) (m/s) (%) (%) (kW) (kWh/yr) (%) Southwest Skystream 3.7 10.7 3.85 46.0 3.3 0.30 2,62516.6 Southwest Skystream 3.7 33.5 4.68 36.2 6.1 0.44 3,84724.4 Bergey Excel-S 24 4.45 25.3 2.2 1.49 13,08214.9 Bergey Excel-S 37 4.77 23.9 2.8 1.73 15,11717.3 Fuhrländer FL30 26 4.50 25.3 0.9 6.20 54,27418.8 Fuhrländer FL30 30 4.60 25.2 1.0 6.48 56,75819.6 Entegrity eW-15 60 Hz 25 4.47 51.2 1.3 8.53 74,73113.1 Entegrity eW-15 60 Hz 31 4.62 49.3 1.6 9.26 81,13714.2 Vestas V15 25 4.47 58.2 0.8 7.40 64,8169.9 Vestas V15 34 4.70 55.2 1.1 8.57 75,03611.4 Northern Power NW 100/20 25 4.47 51.1 1.2 12.60 110,69512.6 Northern Power NW 100/20 32 4.64 48.9 1.5 13.90 121,70413.9 Capacity Factor <20% Capacity Factor >20%, <30% Capacity Factor >30%, <40% Capacity Factor >40%, <50% Capacity Factor >50% Assumed turbine losses for predictions of average power output, annual energy output, and average capacity factor: Downtime (%) 0 Array (%) 0 Icing/soiling (%) 0 Other (%) 0 Total (%) 0 V3 Energy, LLC 25 of 30 Perryville, Alaska Wind Resource Report Hub Hub Height Time At Time At Average Net Annual Net Average Net HeightWind Speed Zero Output Rated Output Power Output Energy Output Capacity Factor Turbine (m) (m/s) (%) (%) (kW) (kWh/yr) (%) Southwest Skystream 3.7 10.7 3.85 46.0 3.3 0.27 2,37115.0 Southwest Skystream 3.7 33.5 4.68 36.2 6.1 0.40 3,47422.0 Bergey Excel-S 24 4.45 25.3 2.2 1.35 11,81413.5 Bergey Excel-S 37 4.77 23.9 2.8 1.56 13,65215.6 Fuhrländer FL30 26 4.50 25.3 0.9 5.60 49,01317.0 Fuhrländer FL30 30 4.60 25.2 1.0 5.85 51,25717.7 Entegrity eW-15 60 Hz 25 4.47 51.2 1.3 7.70 67,48711.9 Entegrity eW-15 60 Hz 31 4.62 49.3 1.6 8.36 73,27312.9 Vestas V15 25 4.47 58.2 0.8 6.68 58,5348.9 Vestas V15 34 4.70 55.2 1.1 7.74 67,76310.3 Northern Power NW 100/20 25 4.47 51.1 1.2 11.40 99,96511.4 Northern Power NW 100/20 32 4.64 48.9 1.5 12.50 109,90712.5 Capacity Factor <20% Capacity Factor >20%, <30% Capacity Factor >30%, <40% Capacity Factor >40%, <50% Capacity Factor >50% Assumed turbine losses for predictions of average power output, annual energy output, and average capacity factor: Downtime (%) 5 Array (%) 0 Icing/soiling (%) 3 Other (%) 2 Total (%) 9.69 (factors are multiplicative) V3 Energy, LLC 26 of 30 Perryville, Alaska WV3 Energy, LLC ind Resource Report 27 of 30 Fuel Price (USD/gallon) Turbine Annual Energy Output (kW-hr/yr) Fuel Quantity Avoided (liters) Fuel Quantity Avoided (gallons)$1.75 $2.00 $2.25 $2.50 $2.75 $3.00 $3.25 Turbine Hub Height (m) Southwest Skystream 3.7 2,371718190$332$379$427$474$522$569$61610.7 Southwest Skystream 3.7 3,4741,052278$486$556$625$695$764$834$90333.5 Bergey Excel-S 11,8143,578945$1,654$1,890$2,127$2,363$2,599$2,835$3,07224 Bergey Excel-S 13,6524,1341,092$1,911$2,184$2,457$2,730$3,003$3,276$3,55037 Fuhrländer FL30 49,01314,8433,921$6,862$7,842$8,822$9,803$10,783$11,763$12,74326 Fuhrländer FL30 51,25715,5224,101$7,176$8,201$9,226$10,251$11,277$12,302$13,32730 Entegrity eW-15 60 Hz 67,48720,4375,399$9,448$10,798$12,148$13,497$14,847$16,197$17,54725 Entegrity eW-15 60 Hz 73,27322,1895,862$10,258$11,724$13,189$14,655$16,120$17,586$19,05131 Vestas V15 58,53417,7264,683$8,195$9,365$10,536$11,707$12,877$14,048$15,21925 Vestas V15 67,76320,5215,421$9,487$10,842$12,197$13,553$14,908$16,263$17,61834 Northern Power NW 100/20 99,96530,2737,997$13,995$15,994$17,994$19,993$21,992$23,992$25,99125 Northern Power NW 100/20 109,90733,2838,793$15,387$17,585$19,783$21,981$24,180$26,378$28,57632 Notes: 1. Perryville electrical energy production efficiency assumed to be 12.5 kW-hr/gal 2. Assumes 90% wind turbine availability with no diversion of power to a thermal or other dump load 3. Assumes linear diesel generator fuel efficiency (i.e., 1:1 tradeoff of wind turbine kW-hr to diesel genset kW-hr) Annual Fuel Cost Avoided for Energy Generated by Wind Turbine vs. Diesel Generator Perryville, Alaska Wind Resource Report Temperature Conversion Chart °C to °F °C °F °C °F °C °F -40 -40.0 -10 14.0 20 68.0 -39 -38.2 -9 15.8 21 69.8 -38 -36.4 -8 17.6 22 71.6 -37 -34.6 -7 19.4 23 73.4 -36 -32.8 -6 21.2 24 75.2 -35 -31.0 -5 23.0 25 77.0 -34 29.2 -4 24.8 26 78.8 -33 -27.4 -3 26.6 27 80.6 -32 -25.6 -2 28.4 28 82.4 -31 -23.8 -1 30.2 29 84.2 -30 -22.0 0 32.0 30 86.0 -29 -20.2 1 33.8 31 87.8 -28 -18.4 2 35.6 32 89.6 -27 -16.6 3 37.4 33 91.4 -26 -14.8 4 39.2 34 93.2 -25 -13.0 5 41.0 35 95.0 -24 -11.2 6 42.8 36 96.8 -23 -9.4 7 44.6 37 98.6 -22 -7.6 8 46.4 38 100.4 -21 -5.8 9 48.2 39 102.2 -20 -4.0 10 50.0 40 104.0 -19 -2.2 11 51.8 41 105.8 -18 -0.4 12 53.6 42 107.6 -17 1.4 13 55.4 43 109.4 -16 3.2 14 57.2 44 111.2 -15 5.0 15 59.0 45 113.0 -14 6.8 16 60.8 46 114.8 -13 8.6 17 62.6 47 116.6 -12 10.4 18 64.4 48 118.4 -11 12.2 19 66.2 49 120.2 V3 Energy, LLC 28 of 30 Perryville, Alaska Wind Resource Report Wind Speed Conversion Chart, m/s to mph m/s mph m/s mph m/s mph m/s mph m/s mph 0.5 1.1 10.5 23.5 20.5 45.9 30.5 68.2 40.5 90.6 1.0 2.2 11.0 24.6 21.0 47.0 31.0 69.3 41.0 91.7 1.5 3.4 11.5 25.7 21.5 48.1 31.5 70.5 41.5 92.8 2.0 4.5 12.0 26.8 22.0 49.2 32.0 71.6 42.0 93.9 2.5 5.6 12.5 28.0 22.5 50.3 32.5 72.7 42.5 95.1 3.0 6.7 13.0 29.1 23.0 51.4 33.0 73.8 43.0 96.2 3.5 7.8 13.5 30.2 23.5 52.6 33.5 74.9 43.5 97.3 4.0 8.9 14.0 31.3 24.0 53.7 34.0 76.1 44.0 98.4 4.5 10.1 14.5 32.4 24.5 54.8 34.5 77.2 44.5 99.5 5.0 11.2 15.0 33.6 25.0 55.9 35.0 78.3 45.0 100.7 5.5 12.3 15.5 34.7 25.5 57.0 35.5 79.4 45.5 101.8 6.0 13.4 16.0 35.8 26.0 58.2 36.0 80.5 46.0 102.9 6.5 14.5 16.5 36.9 26.5 59.3 36.5 81.6 46.5 104.0 7.0 15.7 17.0 38.0 27.0 60.4 37.0 82.8 47.0 105.1 7.5 16.8 17.5 39.1 27.5 61.5 37.5 83.9 47.5 106.3 8.0 17.9 18.0 40.3 28.0 62.6 38.0 85.0 48.0 107.4 8.5 19.0 18.5 41.4 28.5 63.8 38.5 86.1 48.5 108.5 9.0 20.1 19.0 42.5 29.0 64.9 39.0 87.2 49.0 109.6 9.5 21.3 19.5 43.6 29.5 66.0 39.5 88.4 49.5 110.7 10.0 22.4 20.0 44.7 30.0 67.1 40.0 89.5 50.0 111.8 Distance Conversion m to ft m ft m ft 5 16 35 115 10 33 40 131 15 49 45 148 20 66 50 164 25 82 55 180 30 98 60 197 V3 Energy, LLC 29 of 30 Perryville, Alaska Wind Resource Report Selected definitions (courtesy of Windographer® software by Mistaya Engineering Inc.) Wind Power Class The wind power class is a number indicating the average energy content of the wind resource. Wind power classes are based on the average wind power density at 50 meters above ground, according to the following table. Source: Wind Energy Resource Atlas of the United States (http://rredc.nrel.gov/wind/pubs/atlas/tables/A-8T.html) Wind Power Class Description Power Density at 50m (W/m2) 1 Poor 0-200 2 Marginal 200-300 3 Fair 300-400 4 Good 400-500 5 Excellent 500-600 6 Outstanding 600-800 7 Superb 800-2000 Windographer classifies any wind resource with an average wind power density above 2000 W/m2 as class 8. Probability Distribution Function The probability distribution function f(x) gives the probability that a variable will take on the value x. It is often expressed using a frequency histogram, which gives the frequency with which the variable falls within certain ranges or bins. Wind Turbine Power Regulation All wind turbines employ some method of limiting power output at high wind speeds to avoid damage to mechanical or electrical subsystems. Most wind turbines employ either stall control or pitch control to regulate power output. A stall-controlled turbine typically has blades that are fixed in place, and are designed to experience aerodynamic stall at very high wind speeds. Aerodynamic stall dramatically reduces the torque produced by the blades, and therefore the power produced by the turbine. On a pitch-controlled turbine, a controller adjusts the angle (pitch) of the blades to best match the wind speed. At very high wind speeds the controller increasingly feathers the blades out of the wind to limit the power output. V3 Energy, LLC 30 of 30 Native Village of Perryville USFWS Report on Wind Farm Project