HomeMy WebLinkAboutSusitna FERC Exh E Chp 3 Figures Feb 1983PC
BEFORE THE
FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION
APPLICATION FOR LICENSE FOR MAJOR PROJECT
SUSITNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
VOLUME 6B
EXHIBIT E
Chapter 3
(Figures)
FEBRUARY 1983
Alaska Resources
Library &Information Services
Anel.<...:..iSka
'---__ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY __-"
SUSITNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
VOLUME 6B
EXHIBIT E CHAPTER 3
FISH,BOTANICAL,AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES .
LI ST OF FI GURES
This Volume contains the tables and figures for Chapter 3.
xvi
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LIST OF TABLES
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E.3.1
E.3.2
E.3.3
E.3.4
E.3.5
E.3.6
E.3.7
E.3.8
E.3.9
Mitigation Options Analysis ~tructure
Recommended by Susitna Hydroelectric Project,
Alaska Department of Fish and Game and
the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service
Common and Scientific Names of Fish Species
Recorded from the Susitna Basin
Commercial Catch of Upper Cook Inlet
Salmon in Numbers of Fish by Species,
1954-1982
Commercial Catch of Lower Cook Inlet
Salmon in Number of Fish By Species,
1954-1982
Side-Scan Sonar Counts of Salmon Migrating
Past Yentna Station,and Peterson Population
Estimates and Corresponding 95%Confidence
Intervals of Salmon Migrating to Sunshine,
Talkeetna and Curry Stations,1981-1982
Susitna Basin Sport Fish Harvest and Effort by
Fishery and Species -1978,1979,1980,1981
Chinook Salmon Escapement Counts of Susitna
River Basin Streams from 1976 to 1982,Adult
Anadromous Investigations,Susitna Hydro
Studies,1982
1982 Chinook Salmon Escapement Surveys of
Susitna River Basin Streams Adult Anadromous
Investigations,Susitna Hydro Studies,1982
Preliminary Results of 1982 Smolt Trap
Catches at Talkeetna Station
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E.3.10 Adult Salmon Migration Rates
(in miles per day)
£.3.11 Analysis of Sockeye Salmon Age Data by Percent
From fscapement Samples Collected at Susitna,
Yentna,Sunshine,Talkeetna and Curry Stations,
Adult Anadromous Investigations,Susitna Hydro
Studies,1981
E.3.12 Estimated Number of Slough Spawning Sockeye,
Chum and Pink Salmon in Sloughs Between Devil
Canyon and Talkeetna,1981 to 1982
LI ST OF TABLES
E.3.13 Mainstem Susitna River Salmon Spawning
Locations Identified in 1981-1982
E.3.14 Coho Salmon Juveniles~Percent Incident at
Habitat Location Sites on the Mainstem Susitna
River and Its Tributary Mouths Between Cook
Inlet and Devil Canyon -November 1980 to May 1981
E.3.15 Coho Salmon Juveniles~Percent Incident at
Habitat Location Sites on the Mainstem Susitna
River and Its Tributary Mouths Between Cook
Inlet and Talkeetna -June to September 1981
E.3.16 Arctic Grayling Hook and Line Total Catch
byTri butary Between the Mouth and Proposed
Impoundment Elevations (PIE)and Mouth in
the Impoundment Study Area -1981
E.3.17 Arctic Grayling Population Estimates for
the Reach of Major Tributaries in the Watana
and Devil Canyon Impoundment Areas
E.3.18 Peterson Population Estimate for Arctic Grayling
by Age Group in the Watana Impoundment Area~
Summer 1982
E.3.19 Streams Crossed by Denali Highway
(Cantwell to Watana Access Junction)
E.3.20 Streams to be Crossed byWatana Access
Road (Denali Highway to Watana Dam)
E.3.21 Streams to be Crossed by Devil Canyon
Access Road and Transmission Line Between
Watana and Devil Canyon,and Railroad
Spur from Gol d Creek to Devi 1 Canyon
E.3.22 Waterbodies to be Crossed by the Susitna
Transmission Line (Anchorage to Willow)
E.3.23 Waterbodies to be Crossed by the Susitna
Transmission Line (Healy to Fairbanks)
E.3.24 Effects of Surfacing and Earthwork on
Physical and Chemical Characteristics of
Aquatic Habitat
E.3.25 Increase in Water Surface Elevation
Duri ng Init ia1 Fi 11 of Watana Reservoi r
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LIST OF TABLES
E.3.26 Comparison of Average Monthly Streamflows
at Gold Creek During Initial Filling of
Watana Reservoir
E.3.27 Major Impact Issues During Filling of
Watana Reserv~ir Regarding Salmonids in
the Talkeetna-to-Devil Canyon Reach
E.3.28 Major Tributaries to be Inundated
E,3.29 Comparison of Average Monthly Streamflows
at Sunshine During Initial Filling of
Watana Reservoir
E.3.30 Comparison of Average Monthly Streamflows
at Susitna Station During Initial Filling
of Watana Reservoir
E.3.31 Major Impact Issues During Operation of
Watana Reservoir Regarding Salmonids in
the Talkeetna-to-Devil Canyon Reach
E.3.32 Comparison of Average Monthly Streamflows
at Gold Creek Station Under Operation of
Watana Dam
E.3.33 Comparison of Average Monthly Streamflows
at Sunshine Station Under Operation of
Watana Dam
E.3.34 Comparison of Average Monthly Streamflows
at Susitna Station Under Operation of
Watana Dam
E.3.35 Comparison of Average Monthly Streamflows
at Gold Creek of the Two Operational Watana
and Devil Canyon Dams
E.3.36 Comparison of Average Monthly Streamflows at
Sunshine of the Two Operational Watana and
Devil Canyon Dams
E.3.37 Comparison of Average Monthly Streamflows
at Susitna of the Two Operational Watana
and Devil Canyon Dams
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LIST OF TABLES
E.3.38 Impact Issues and Proposed Mitigation
Features for Anticipated Filling and
Operational Impacts to Aquatic Habitats
Susitna Hydroelectric Project
E.3.39 Proposed Fisheries Mitigations with Estimated
Capital and Annual Operating and Maintenance
Costs
E.3.40 Schedule for Implementing Fisheries
Mitigation Program
E.3.41 Construction Costs for Water Quality
.and Fisheries Monitoring in 1982 Dollars
from 1985 to 2002
E.3.42 Alaska Department of Fish and Game Standards
for Passing Arctic Grayling to be Used on
Susitna Hydroelectric Project Stream Crossings
E.3.43 Alaska Department of Fish and Game Temporary
Stream Diversion Standards
E.3.44 Alaska Department of Fish and Game Standards
for Bl asti ng Near an Anadromous Fi sh Stream
E.3.45 Cost Assumptions Used in Developing Estimated
Costs for Fisheries Mitigation
E.3.46 Estimated Square Feet of Salmon Spawning
Habitat Made Available by Mitigation
Procedures
E.3.47 Annual Operating Costs of Fisheries
Monitoring Program in 1982 Dollars
E.3.48 Vascular Plant Species in the Watana
and Gold Creek Watersheds and Downstream
Floodplain Which Are Outside Their Range
E.3.49 Candidate Endangered and Threatened Plant
Taxa Sought in the Watana and Gold Creek
Watershed Surveys with Notes on Thei r
Habitats and Known Localities
E.3.50 Vegetation Types (and sample location numbers)
Sampled in Watana and Gold Creek Watersheds
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LIST OF TABLES
E.3.51 Hectares and Percentage of Total Area Covered
by Vegetation Types in the Watana and Gold Creek
Watersheds
E.3.52 Hectares and Percentage of Total Area
Covered by Vegetation Types for the Area
16 km on Either Side of the Susitna River
From Gold Creek to the Maclaren River
E.3.53 Cover Percentages for Total Vegetation,
Vertical Strata,and Plant Species in
Open Conifer Vegetation Type in Watana
and Gold Creek Watersheds
E.3.54 Cover Percentages for Total Vegetation,
Vertical Strata,and Plant Species in Open
White Spruce Vegetation Type in Watana
and Gold Creek Watersheds
E.3.55 Cover Percentages for Total Vegetation,
Vertical Strata,and Plant Species in
Open Bl ack Sp ruce Vegetat i on Type in
Watana and Gold Creek Watersheds
E.3.56 Cover Percentages for Total Vegetation,
Vertical Strata,and Plant Species in
Woodl and Conifer Vegetati on Type in Watana
and Gold Creek Watersheds
E.3.57 Cover Percentages for Total Vegetation,
Vertical Strata,and Plant Species in
Closed Balsam Poplar Forest Vegetation
Type in Watana and Gold Creek Watersheds
E.3.58 Cover Percentages for Total Vegetation,
Vertical Strata,and Plant Species in
Closed Birch Deciduous Forest Vegetation
Type in Watana and Gold Creek Watersheds
E.3.59 Cover Percentages for Total Vegetation,
Vertical Strata,and Plant Species in
Closed Aspen Deciduous Vegetation Type
in Watana and Gold Creek Watersheds
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E.3.60 Cover Percentages for Total Vegetation,
Vertical Strata,and Plant Species in Open
Mixed Conifer-Deciduous Forest Vegetation
Type in Watana and Gold Creek Watersheds
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LIST OF TABLES
E.3.61 Cover Percentages for Total Vegetation,
Vertical Strata,and Plant Species in
Closed Mixed Conifer-Deciduous Forest
Vegetation Type in Watana and Gold Creek
E.3.62 Cover Percentages for Total Vegetation,
Vertical Strata,and Plant Species in Wet
Sedge-Grass Tundra Vegetation Type in
Watana and Gold Creek Watersheds
E.3.63 Cover Percentages for Total Vegetation,
Vertical Strata,and Plant Species in
Mesic Sedge-Grass Tundra Vegetation
Type in Watana and Gold Creek Watersheds
E.3.64 Plant Species List of One Herbaceous
Alpine Tundra Stand in Watana and Gold
Creek Watersheds
E.3.65 Cover Percentages for Total Vegetation,
Vertical Strata,and Plant Species in
Closed Mat and Cushion Tundra Vegetation
Type in Watana and Gold Creek Watersheds
E.3.66 Cover Percentages for Total Vegetation,
Vertical Strata,and Plant Species in
Closed Tall Alder Vegetation Type in
Watana and Gold Creek Watersheds
E.3.67 Cover Percentages for Total Vegetation,
Vertical Strata,and Plant Species in
Open Tall Alder Vegetation Type in Watana
and Gold Creek Watersheds
E.3.68 Cover Percentages for Total Vegetation,
Vertical Strata,and Plant Species in
Closed Low Shrub Vegetation Type in
Watana and Gold Creek Watersheds
E.3.69 Cover Percentages for Total Vegetation,
Vertical Strata,and Plant Species in Open
Low Shrub Vegetation Type in Watana and
Gold Creek Watersheds
E.3.70 Aquatic Plant Survey,Susitna Hydroelectric
Project,August 1980
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LIST OF TABLES
E.3.71 Hectares and Percentage of Total Area Covered
by Vegetative Community Types in the Watana
Watershed
E.3.72 Hectares and Percentage of Total Area
Covered by Vegetative Community Types
in the Gold Creek Watershed
'E.3.73 Percent Cover in Early Successional Stands
on Downstream Foodplain of Susitna River
E.3.74 Percent Cover in Alder Stands on Downstream
Floodplain of Susitna River
E.3.75 Percent Cover in Immature Balsam Poplar Stands
on Downstream Floodplain
E.3.76 Percent Cover in Birch-Spruce Stands on
Downstream Floodplain,Summer 1981
E.3.77 Hectares and Percent of Total Area Covered By
Vegetation Types Within the Healy To Fairbanks
Study Corridor
E.3.78 Hectares and Percent of Total Area Covered by
Vegetation Types Within the Willow To Cook Inlet
Study Corri dor
E.3.79 Areas of Different Vegetation Types To Be Crossed
by Willow-To-Healy Transmission Corridor
E.3.80 Areas of Each Vegetation Type to Be Crossed by
Watana-To-Gold Creek Transmission Corridors and
Percent Total for Watana and Gold Creek Watersheds
E.3.81 Vegetation and Wetland Classes Found in the Proposed
Susitna Impoundment and Borrow Areas
E.3.82 Hectares of Different Wetland Types by Project
Component
E.3.83 Hectares of Different Vegetation Types to be
Affected by the Watana Facility Compared with
Total Hectares of That Type Upstream of Gold
Creek in the Susitna Watershed and in the Area
Within 16 km of the Susitna River
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LIST OF TABLES
E.3.84 Hectares of Different Vegetation Types to be
Affected by the Devil Canyon Facility Compared
With Total Hectares of That Type in the Watana
and Gold Creek Watersheds and in the Area Within
16 km of the Susitna River
E.3.85 Areas of Each Vegetation Type to be Cleared for
Access and Percent Total for Watana and Gold
Creek Watersheds
E.3.86 Areas of Different Vegetation Types to be
Crossed by Transmission Corridors
E.3.87 Comparison Between Aerial Habitat Classifications and
Those of Viereck and Dyrness (1980)Used to Classify
Observations of Radio-Collared Moose in the Nelchina
and Susitna River Basins of South-Central Alaska from
1977 Through Mid-August
E.3.88 Monthly Use of Habitat Types by Radio-Collared Moose
of Both Sexes and All Ages as Determined From Fixed-Wing
Aircraft from October 1976 Through Mid-August 1981 in
the Middle and Upper Susitna and Nelchina River Basins
E.3.89 Summary of Elevational Use by Approximately 200 Radio
Collared Moose (Both Sexes and All Age Classes)From
October 1976 Through Mid-August 1981 in the Middle and
Upper Susitna and Nelchina River .
E.3.90 Occurrence and Mean Percent of Canopy Coverage for Species
of Riparian and Non-Riparian Vegetation and Habitat Types
Observed at Relocation Sites for 6 Male Moose Captured and
Radio-Collared Along the Susitna River South of Talkeetna,
Alaska,and Monitored During Calving,Summer,Breeding,
and Transitional Periods from March 16 to October 15,1981
E.3.91 Occurrence and Mean Percent of Canopy Coverage for Species
of Riparian and Non-Riparian Vegetation and Habitat Types
Observed at Relocation Sites for 19 Female Moose Captured
and Radio-Collared Along the Susitna River South of
Talkeetna,Alaska,and Monitored During Calving,Summer,
Breeding,and Transftional Periods from March 16 to
October 15,1981
E.3.92 Winter Carrying Capacity of the Watana Impoundment Zone
(Including Adjacent Project Facilities)and Susitna
Watershed Upstream of Gold Creek for Moose Based on the
Biomass of Twigs Available in Winter
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LIST OF TABLES
E.3.93 Dates Indicating Chronology of Departure From
Susitna River Wintering Areas for Male and Female
Moose Radio-Collared on the Susitna River Downstream
From Talkeetna,March 10-12,1981
E.3.94 Min"imum,Maximum and Mean Distance to the Susitna
River from Geometrical Centers of the Calving
Range,Summer Range,and Breeding Range for Male and
Female Moose Radio-Collared in Several Locations
Along the Susitna River Between Devil Canyon and
the .Delta Islands,Alaska 1980-81
E.3.95 Proximity to the Susitna River of Relocations of
9 Male and 29 Female Moose Radio-Collared Along The
Susitna River Between Devil Canyon and the Delta
Islands,Alaska,1980-81
E.3.96 Summary of Moose Sex and Age Composition Data
Collected Annually in Count Area 6 in Game
Management Unit 13 of Southcentral Alaska
E.3.97 Summary of Moose Sex and Age Composition Data
Collected Annually in Count Area 7 in Game
Management Unit 13 of Southcentral Alaska
E.3.98 Summary of Moose Sex and Age Composition Data
Collected Annually in Count Area 14 in Game
Management Unit 13 of Southcentral Alaska
E.3.99 Summary of Moose Census Data and Subsequent Population
Estimates for Count Areas 7 and 14 Derived from
Surveys Conducted Along the Susitna River From
November 5 through November 8,1980
E.3.100 Density (Moose/km of River)Of Moose Observed on 10
Aerial Censuses in 4 Zones of Riparian Habitat Along
the Susitna River from Devil Canyon to Cook Inlet,
Alaska,1981-82
E.3.101 Summary of Moose Sex and Age Composition Data
Obtained During Surveys of Riparian Communities
Along the Lower Susitna River
E.3.102 Proportion of Radio-Collared Caribou Sightings
In Each Vegetation Type
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LI ST OF TABLES
E.3.103 Nelchina Caribou Herd Population Estimates
E.3.104 Reported Hunter Harvest of the Nelchina
Caribou Herd,1972-1981
E.3.105 Compilation of Highest Yearly Counts
Completed in Watana Hills Sheep Trend
Count Area
E.3.106 Number and Age-Sex Classification of Sheep
Observed at Jay Creek Mineral Licks From
May 6 Through June 24,1981
E.3.107 Number of Aerial Brown Bear Observations By
Month in Each of 5 Major Habitat Categories
E.3.108 Comparison of Reported Home Range Sizes of
Brown/Grizzly Bears in North America
E.3.109 Densities of Selected North American Brown
Bear Populations
E.3.110 Averge Age and Sex Ratios of Brown Bear
Populations in the Middle and Upper Susitna
and Nelchina River Basins
E.3.111 Litter Sizes of Various North American
Brown Bear Populations
E.3.112 Reproductive Rates of North American Brown
Bear Populations
E.3.113 Summary of Brown Bear Harvest from Alaska1s
Game Management Unit 13,1973-1980
E.3.114 Nmber of Aerial Black Bear Observations by Month
in Each of 5 Habitat Categories
E.3.115 Summary of Reported Black Bear Harvests From
Alaska's Game Management Unit 13,1973-1980
E.3.116 Comparisons of Food Remains in Wolf Scats Collected
At Den and Rendezvous Sites in 1980 and 1981 from
the Eastern Susitna Basin and Adjacent Areas
E.3.117 Estimate of Numbers of Wolves by Individual Pack
Inhabiting the Susitna.Hydroelectric Study Area in
Spring and Fall 1980 and 1981
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E.3.118 Number of Sample Units Containin-g Indicated
Level of Beaver Activity During Summer 1982
Downstream Survey
E.3.119 1982 Aerial Counts of Beaver Structures Along
15.2 Km (9.4 Mi)of Lower Deadman Creek Immediately
Downstream from Deadman Lake,and A ~~rshy Section
of Upper Deadman Creek From Its Mouth at Deadman
Lake 3.2 Km (2.0 Mi)Upstream From The Lake
E.3.120 Results of Surveys For Muskrat Pushups Upstream
From Gold Creek During Spring 1980
E.3.121 Numbers of Furbearer Tracks Seen During Aerial
Transects in the Middle Susitna Basin,November 1980
E.3.122 Tabulation of November 1980 Aerial Transect Data,
Species by Vegetation Type
E.3.123 Number of Tracks of Otter and Mink Observed At
North and South Sides of 37 Susitna River Check
Points,November 10-12,1980
E.3.124 Results of Marten Scat Analyses by Season,Based
Upon Percent Frequency of Occurrence
E.3.125 Tracks of Red Foxes Encountered During November 1980
Aerial Transect Surveys
E.3.126 Red Fox Den Classification System
E.3.127 Location and Status of Raptor and Raven Nest Sites
in the Middle Susitna Basin,Alaska
E.3.127b Location of Raptor Nests in the Middle Susitna
Basi n
E.3.128 Breeding Phenologies of Eagles,Gyrfalcon,and
Common Raven in Interior Alaska
E.3.129 Data on Bald Eagle Nests Along the Susitna River
Between Devil Canyon and Cook Inlet
E.3.130 Summary of Total Numbers and Species Composition of
Waterbirds Seen on Lakes Surveyed in Summer 1981 in
the Middle Susitna Basin
xi
LIST OF TABLES
E.3.131 Summary of Total Numbers and Species Composition of
Waterbirds Seen on Surveyed Waterbodies During
Aerial Surveys of the Upper Susitna River Basin,
Fall 1980
E.3.132 Summa ry of Total Numbers and Speci es Composition of
Waterbirds Seen on Surveyed Waterbodies During Aerial
Surveys of the Upper Susitna River Basin,Fall 1981
E.3.133 Summary of Total Numbers and Species Composition of
Waterbirds Senn on Surveyed Waterbodies During Aerial
Surveys of the Upper Susitna River Basi n,Spri ng 1981
E.3.134 Seasonal Population Statistics for the More Important of
Surveyed Waterbodies of the Middle Susitna River Basin,
1980-81
E.3.135 Summary of Total Numbers and Species Composition of
Waterbirds Seen During Spring Aerial Surveys of the
Lower susitna River,1981 and 1982
E.3.136 Number of Territories of Each Species on Each 10-
Hectare Census Plot,Upper Susitna River Basin,
Al aska,1981
E.3.137 Number of Territories of Each Bird Species on Each 10-
Hectare Census Plot,Upper Susitna River Basin,
Alaska 1981
E.3.138 Comparison of Breeding Bird Densities,1981 and 1982,
Middle Susitna River in Alaska
E.3.139 Habitat Descriptions of 10 Ha Avian Census Plots
E.3.140 Major Avian Habitats of the Middle Susitna Basin and
Their Most common Avian Species
E.3.141 Relative Abundance of Birds by Habitat and Vegetation
Succession Stage,Lower Susitna River Floodplain,
June 10-21,1982.Figures Are the Number of Birds
Recorded Per 100 Minutes in Each Habitat
E.3.142 Number of Small Mammels Captured Per 100 Trap Nights
During Four Sampling Periods Between August 1980 and
August 1982,Middle Susitna River Basin
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LIST OF TABLES
E.3.143 Standardized Habitat Niche Breadth Values For Ten
Small Mammal Species Sampled by Snap and Pitfall
Trapping at 43 Sites,Middle Susitna River Basin,
Fall 1981
E.3.144 Time Schedule of Anticipated Impacts to Terrestrial
Vertebrates Resulting From Susitna Hydro Project
E.3.145 Anticipated and Hypothesized Impacts to Moose,
E.3.146 Loss of Cover Types Commonly Used By Moose,
In Relation To Their Availability
E.3.147 Anticipated and Hypothesized Impacts to Caribou
E.3.148 Anticipated and Hypothesized Impacts to Dall Sheep
E.3.149 Anticipated and Hypothesized Impacts to Brown Bears
E.3.150 Anticipated and Hypothesized Impacts to Black Bear
E.3.151 Anticipated and Hypothesized Impacts to Wolves
E.3.152 Anticipated and Hypothesized Impacts to Wolverine
E.3.153 Anticipated and Hypothesized Impacts to
Aquatic Furbearers (Beaver and Muskrat)
E.3.154 Number of Lakes With Muskrat'Pushups in Spring 1980
Occurring Within Borrow Areas and Impoundments
E.3.155 Anticipated and Hypothesized Impacts to Semi-
Aquatic Furbearers
E.3.156 Anticipated and Hypothesized Impacts on Fox
E.3.157 Anticipated and Hypothesized Impacts to Marten,
Wease 1,and Lynx
E.3.158 General Types of Impacts to Raptors
E.3.159 Anticipated and Hypothesized Impacts to Raptors
and Ravens
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LIST OF TABLES
E.3.160 Number of Known Raptor or Raven Nest Sites in the
Middle Susitna River Basin,Alaska,That Would Be
Inundated by the Watana and Devil Canyon Reservoirs
or That May Be Affected by Development of Associated
Access Routes and Transmission Routes
E.3.161 Raptor and Raven Nesting Locations in the Middle
Susitna Basin,Alaska,That May Be Affected By The
Susitna Hydroelectric Project Development
E.3.162 Nest Number and Status of Raptor Nesting Locations
Which Will Be Affected by the Susitna Hydro Project
and the Source of Impacts
E.3.163 Factors That Affect the Sensitivity of Raptors to
Disturbances
E.3.164 Influence of Timing of Disturbance on the Possible
Effects on Raptors
E.3.165 Approximate Losses of Avian Habitats Studied in the
Middle Susitna Basin as a Result of the Susitna
Hydroelectric Project
E.3.166 Estimated Number of Small and Medium-Sized Birds That
Would Be Eliminated Through Habitat Destruction As a
Result of the Susitna Hydroelectric Project
E.3.167 Total Average Daily Traffic on Access Road and Denali
Highway During Peak Construction Year and Season
E.3.168 State of Alaska Temporal and Spatial Protection Criteria
For Nesting Raptors
E.3.169 Estimated Mitigation Costs for Compensation for Moose,
Brown Bear and Black Bear Foraging Habitat Loss
E.3.170 Estimated Mitigation Costs for Aerial Photography of
Vegetation in the Downstream Floodplain
E.3.171 Estimated Mitigation Costs for Bald Eagle Habitat
Modifi cat ion
E.3.172 Estimated Mitigation Costs for Design,Construction,
and Placement of 10 Nest Platforms with Artificial
Nests for Golden Eagles
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LIST OF TABLES
E.3.173 Estimated Mitigation Costs for Design,Construction,
and P1acement of 10 Nest Boxes for Cavity-Nesting
Raptors,
E.3.174 Estimated Mitigation Costs for Modification of C1iff
Locations to Provide Go1den Eag1e Nesting Habitat
E.3.175 Estimated Mitigation Costs for Creating New Nesting
C1iffs for Go1den Eag1es
E.3.176 The Success of Artificia1 Nesting Structures Insta11ed
On Power Po1es and Transmission Towers
E.3.177 Botanica1 Resources Mitigation Summary
£.3.178 Wi1d1ife Mitigation Summary
xv
LIST OF FIGURES
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E.3.1
E.3.2
E.3.3
E.3.4
E.3.5
E.3.6
E.3.7
E.3.8
Opt i on Ana lys is
Relationship of Field Studies and Monitoring
to Impact Assessment and Mitigation Planning
Susitna River Drainage Basin
Susitna River and Major Tributaries From
Mouth to Littl e Willow Creek
Susitna River and Major Tributaries From
Montana Creek to Devil Canyon
Susitna River and Major Tributaries From
Devil Canyon to Denali Highway
Upper Cook Inlet Commercial Salmon Management
Area
Population Estimates of Adult Salmon in
Susitna River
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E.3.9 Percentage of Salmon Migrating Past Sunshine
,
E.3.10 Timing of Life Stages of Salmon in the Susitna
Rivr From Talkeetna to Devil Canyon
E.3.11 Daily Sonar Counts of Sockeye Salmon At Susitna t
Yentna t Sunshine and Talkeetna Stations
E.3.12 Slough and Tributary Index Area Peak Spawning Counts
E.3.13 Slough and Tributary Index Area Peak Spawning Counts
E.3.14 Slough and Tributary Index Area Peak Spawning Counts
E.3.15 Slough and Tributary Index Area Peak Spawning Counts
E.3.16 Slough and Tributary Index Area Peak Spawning Counts
E.3.17 Slough and Tributary Index Area Peak Spawning Counts
E.3.18 Daily Sonar Counts of Chum Salmon at Susitna,Yentna,
Sunshine and Talkeetna Stations
E.3.19 Daily Sonar Counts of Coho Salmon at Susitna,Yentna,
Sunshine and Talkeetna Stations
xvi
LI ST OF FI GURES
E.3.20 Daily Sonar Counts of Pink Salmon at Susitna,
Yentna,Sunshine and Talkeetna Stations
E.3.21 Waterbodies To Be Inundated By Watana Reservoir
E.3.22 Fish Spawning Times Vs.Watana
Surface Elevation
E.3.23 Waterbodies To be Inundated By Devil Canyon
Reservoir
E.3.24 Diagram of Fish Stream Crossing
E.3.25 Rehabilitated Tsusena Creek Borrow Site
E.3.26 Berm Design to Prevent Overtopping of Sloughs
E.3.27 Slough Mouth Restructured Plan
E.3.28 Design Drawing of Lowered and Restructured Slough
E.3.29 Susitna River Fishery Mitigation Induced
Upwelling Using Tributary Water Supply
E.3.30 Susitna River Fishery Mitigation Main Stream
Spawn i ng Bed
E.3.31 Schematic Grayling Hatchery
E.3.32 Study Area for Botanical Resources and Wildlife
E.3.33 Vegetation Mapping Areas of the Susitna
River Basin
E.3.34 Locations of Stands Sampled on Downstream
Floodplain of the Susitna River,1981
E.3.35 Vegetation Mapping Areas for Transmission Corridors
E.3.36 The Watana and Gold Creek Watersheds With Major
Water Bodies
E.3.37 Location of Project Facilities
E.3.38 Vegetation Map of Upper Susitna River Basin
E.3.39 Vegetation Map of Susitna Project Impact Areas
xvii
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I
-
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-
LIST OF FIGURES
E.3.40 Vegetation Map of Susitna Project Impact Areas
E.3.41 Vegetation Map of Susitna Project Impact Areas
E.3.42 Vegetation Map of Proposed Susitna Hydroelectric
Access Corridors
E.3.43 Vegetation Map of Proposed Susitna Hydroelectric
Access Corri dors
E.3.44 Vegetation Map of Proposed Susitna Hydroelectric
Access Corridors
E.3.45 Wetland Map of Susitna Hydroelectric Project
Access Corridors
E.3.46 Wetland Map of Susitna Hydroelectric Project
Access Corridors
E.3.47 Wetland Map of Susitna Hydroelectric Project
Access Corridors
E.3.48 Vegetation Map of Proposed Healy-Fairbanks
Transmission Corridor
E.3.49 Vegetation Map of Proposed Healy-Fairbanks
Transmission Corridor
E.3.50 Vegetation Map of Proposed Healy-Fairbanks
Transmission Corridor
E.3.51 Vegetation Map of Proposed Willow-
Cook Inlet Transmission Corridor
E.3.52 Vegetation Map of Proposed Willow-
Cook Inlet Transmission Corridor
E.3.53 Vegetation Map of Susitna Project Impact Areas
E.3.54 Vegetation Map of Susitna Project Impact Areas
E.3.55 Vegetation Map of Susitna Project Impact Areas
E.3.56 Vegetation Map of Susitna Project Impact Areas
E.3.57 Vegetation Map of Susitna Project Impact Areas
xviii
LIST OF FIGURES
E.3.58 Vegetation Map of Susitna Project Impact Areas
E.3.59 Vegetation Map of Susitna Project Impact Areas
E.3.60 Vegetation Map of Susitna Project Impact Areas
E.3.61 Vegetation Map of Susitna Project Impact Areas
/
E.3.62 Vegetation Map of Susitna Project Impact Areas
E.3.63 Vegetation Map of Susitna Project Impact Areas
E.3.64 Vegetation Map of Susitna Project Impact Areas
E.3.65 Vegetation Map of Susitna Project Impact Areas
£.3.66 Wetland Map of Susitna Hydroelectric Project
Impoundment Area and Borrow Sites
E.3.67 Wetland Map of Susitna Hydroelectric Project
Impoundment Area and Borrow Sites
E.3.68 Wetland Map of Susitna Hydroelectric Project
Impoundment Area and Borrow Sites
E.3.69 Wetland Map of Susitna Hydroelectric Project
Impoundment Area and Borrow Sites
E.3.70 Wetland Map of Susitna Hydroelectric Project
Impoundment Area and Borrow Sites
E.3.71 Wetland Map of Susitna Hydroelectric Project
Impoundment Area and Borrow Sites
E.3.72 Wetland Map of Susitna Hydroelectric Project
Impoundment Area and Borrow Sites
E.3.73 Wetland Map of Susitna Hydroelectric Project
Impoundment Area and Borrow Sites
E.3.74 Vegetation Sample Locations in Susitna River
Basin t 1980
E.3.75 Locations of Lakes and Ponds Surveyed for Vascular
Aquatic Plants in August 1980
E.3.76 A Schematic Representation of the Dominant Vegetation
Associated With Many of the Lakes and Ponds of the
Susitna Basin
xix
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,,
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r
I
r"I
LIST OF FIGURES
E.3.77 Patterns of Forest Succession Following
Fire In Alaska
E.3.78 Primary Succession on the Susitna Floodplain
E.3.79 Adjustments to Road/Railroad Alignments
Index Map
E.3.80 Adj ustments to Road Ali gnment
E.3.81 Adjustments to Road Alignment
E.3.82 Adjustments to Road and Railroad Alignments
E.3.83 Comparison of Road Construction Techniques
E.3.84 Typical Hillside Cut of Railroad Cross Section
E.3.85 Typical Transmission Right-of-Way Cross Section
E.3.86 Locations of Radio-Collared Cow Moose During
Parturition (May 15-Juna 15)From 1977 Through 1981
E.3.87 Locations of Radio-Collared Moose During The Rut
(September 20-0ctober 20)From 1977 Through Fall 1980
E.3.88 General Movement and Migration Patterns of Radio-
Collared Moose From October 1976 Through Mid-August 1981
E.3.89 Boundaries of Established Moose Count Areas
E.3.90 Zones Employed To Estimate Moose Densities Within
Riparian Communities Along the Susitna River
E.3.91 Dates of Mortalities of Collared and Uncollared Moose
Calves During 1977,1978 and 1980 In The Nelchina and
Upper Susitna Basin,Alaska
E.3.92 Historical Range of the Nelchina Caribou Herd
E.3.93 Distribution of Nelchina Radio-Collared Caribou During
Calving Period,May 15 Through June 10,1980 and 1981
E.3.94 Location of Radio-Collared Caribou In Subherds,
May 9,1980,Through September 22,1981
E.3.95 Seasonal Elevation Use By Caribou From Nelchina Head
xx
LIST OF FIGURES
E.3.96 Calf Survival Compared to Wolf Numbers
And Total Caribou
E.3.97 Location of Dall Sheep Study and Aerial
Survey Areas
E.3.98 Suspected Locations and Territorial Boundaries
Of Wolf Packs Inhabiting The Susitna Hydroelectric
Project Area during 1980 and 1981
E.3.99 General Location and Year of Use of Observed Wolf
Den and Rendezvous Sites Discovered in the Susitna
Hydroelectric Project Area From 1975 Through 1981
E.3.100 Observed Home Ranges of Wolverines In The Middle
Susitna Basin Based on Location of Radio-Collared
Animals
E.3.101 Aerial Transects for Furbearers and Checkpoints
For Otter and Mink Sign
E.3.102 Locations and Classification of Fox Dens
E.3.103 Locations of 12 Bird Census Plots in the Middle
Susitna River Basin
E.3.104 Locations of Important Lakes and Lake Groups
Surveyed for Waterfowl in the Middl e Sus itna
Basin
E.3.105 Importance Values of Waterbodies for Migrant
Waterfowl in the Middle Susitna Basin,Upper
Tanana River Valley,and Scottie Creek Area
Fall 1980
E.3.106 Importance Values of Waterbodies for Migrant
Waterfowl in the Middle Susitna Basin,Upper
Tanana River Valley,and Scottie Creek Area
Spring 1981
E.3.107 Clustering of 42 Small Mammal Trapline Sites
Into Similar Vegetative Groupings,Based on an
Analysis of Frequency Counts of 81 Plant Taxa
In the Ground Cover
E.3.108 Abundance Patterns of Eight Small Mammal Species
Relative To Vegetation Types at 42 Sites in the
Susitna River Basin,Alaska,July 29-August 30,1981
xxi
""'1
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-LIST OF FIGURES
Probable Factors Regulating Black Bear Populations
in the Susitna Basin and Actions That Might Affect
These Populations
Probable Factors Regulating Moose Populations in the
Susitna Basin and Actions That Might Affect These
Populations
Probable Factors Regulating Brown Bear Populations
in the Susitna Basin and Actions That Might Affect
These Populations
Probable Factors Regulating Wolf Populations in the
Susitna Basin and Actions That Might Affect These
Populations
E.3.109
_.
E.3.110
~~
E.3.111
~
E.3.112
!""'"
r"E.3.113 Probable Factors Regulating Beaver Populations in the
Susitna Basin and Actions That Might Affect These
Populations
~E.3.114 Probable Factors Regulating Marten Populations in the
Susitna Basin and Actions That Might Affect These
Popul at ions"".
E.3.115 Elevations of Raptor and Raven Nests in the Vicinity
of the Watana Impoundment Area in Relation to Filling
~ilt and Operation Wate r Levels
E.3.116 Changes in Elevation of the Devil Canyon Reservoir
During Operation and Elevations of Raptor and Raven
Nests in the Proximity of the Impoundment Zone
E.3.117 Relative Amounts of Moose Browse Available Compared
With The Time Since Fire or Other Disturbance in
Interior Alaska
E.3.118 Eagle Nesting Platforms to be Provided on Transmission
towers
E.3.119 Ground Wire Gapping Designed to Protect Raptors From
Electrocution
-i
E.3.120 Armless Configurations Designed to Protect Raptors
From Electrocutions
E.3.121 Installation of Transformer Equipment to Provide for
Raptor Perchi ng
xxii
LIST OF FIGURES
E.3.122 Perch Guards Designed to Protect Raptors From
Electrocution
E.3.123 Elevated Perch Construction Designed to
Protect Raptors from Electrocution
xxiii
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TABLE E.3.1:MITIGATION OPTIONS ANALYSIS STRUCTURE RECOMMENDED BY SUSITNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT,
ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME (ADF&Gl AND THE U.~.FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
(USFWSl.DESIRABILITY OF OPTIONS DECREASES FROM TOP TO BOTTOM.EXPLANATIONS OR
EXAMPLES OF EACH OPTION AS DESCRIBED BY AGENCIES ARE SHOWN.
OPTION
I AVOIDANCE [
MINIMIZATION
ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME
Avoid Impact by Not Taking a Certain Action
-Keep as much existing natural habitat as possible.
-Maintain fish and game populations and critical
habitats.
Minimize Impacts by Limiting Magnitude of Action
-Maintain habitat diversity and the capacity of each
system to restore itself naturally.
DEFINITION
U.S.FISH &WILDLIFE SERVICE
Modify Project Design to Avoid Impact
-No-project alternative is one mode.
-Design modifications in action type,magnitude,timing
and locations are options.
Modify Project Design to Minimize Impacts
-Design modifications in action type,magnitude,timing
and location are options.
RECTIFICATION
RESTRICTION
COMPENSATION
Rectify Impacts by Rehabilitating Environment
-Repair,rehabi I itate or restore abused aquatic or
terrestrial systems.
-Restore the same functions or structure of habitats.
Reduce (or EI iminatel Impact Over Time by Maintenance
-Operate and maintain mitigation measures to reduce
impacts over time.
Compensate for Impact by Substitute Resources
-Create or restore fish,wi Idl ife and habitat values,
and resource use opportunities that were unavoidably
lost.
-Compensation by providing substitute resources or
environments Is least desirable;the preferred mode
is onsite mitigation.
Restore Damaged Environments
-Reclaim disturbed sites by seeding,etc.
-Restock lost fish and wildlife.
Maintain Mitigation Effort to Reduce Impact
-Monitor and maintain mitigation measures.
-Train mitigation personnel.
Restore Lost Resources by Management or Replacement
-Intensify production through management.
-Initiate hatcheries;restocking programs.
-Lease or buy new lands for enhanced management.
-
SCIENTifiC NAME COMMON NAME
TABLE E.3.2:CCMMON AND SCIENTIFIC NAMES (F FISH SPECIES
RECORDED FROM THE SUSITNA BASIN
Ber Inq Cisco
Humpback Whitefish
Pink Salmon
Ch um S a IlIOn
Coho Salmon
Sockeye SalllOn
Ch i nook Sa I mon
Round Whi tefish
Rainbow Trout
Dolly Varden
Lake Trout
Arctic Graylinq
-
Petranyzontldae
Lampetra japonlca Arctic Lamprey
Salmon idae
Coregonus laurettae
Coregonus pidschian
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha
Oncorhynchus keta
Oncorhynchus kisutch
Oncorhynchus nerka
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Prosopium cylindraceum
Salmo gairdneri
Salvel inus·malrna
Salvelinus namaycush
Thymal Ius arcticus
Osmer idae
Thaleichthys pacificus Eulachon
Esocidae
Esox lucius
Ca tostan 1dae
Catostomus catostomus
Gad Idae
Lota Iota
Gasteroste idae
Gasterosteus aculeatus
Cott i dae
Cottus sp.
Northern PI ke
Longnose Sucker
Burbot
Threespine Stickleback
Scu I pi n
-
-
,1IIEGl
TAB LE E.3.3:Ca-,.,MERC IAL CATCH OF UPPER COOK I NLET SALMON
IN NUMBERS OF FISH BY SPECIES,1954 -1982
~l
Year Ch inook Sockeye Coho Pink Chum Total
1954 63,780 1,207,046 321,525 2,189,307 510,058 4,291,726
1955 45,925 1,027,528 170,777 101,680 248,343 1,594,254
P'"1956 64,977 1,258,789 198,189 1,595,375 782,051 3,899,381
1957 42,158 543,712 125,434 21,228 1,001,470 1,834,002
1958 22,727 477,392 239,765 1,548,548 471,697 2,860,129
1959 32,651 612,676 106,312 12,527 300,319 1,064,485,...
1960 27,512 923,314 311,461 1,411,605 659,997 3,333,889
1961 19,210 1,162,303 117,778 34,017 349,628 1,683,463
1962 20,210 1,147,573 350,324 2,711,689 970,582 5,200,378
1963 17,536 942,980 197,140 30,436 387,027 1,575,119
1964 4,531 970,055 452,654 3,231,961 1,079,084 5,738,285
1965 9,741 1,412,350 153,619 23,963 316,444 1,916,117
1966 9,541 1,851,990 289,690 2,006,580 531,825 4,689,626
1967 7,859 1,380,062 177,729 32,229 296,037 1,894,716
1968 4,536 1,104,904 470,450 2,278,197 1..119,114 4,977,201
1969 12,398 692,254 100,952 33,422 269,855 I,108,881-1970 8,348 731,214 275,296 813,895 775,167 2,603,920
1971 19,765 636,303 100,636 35,624 327,029 1,119,357
1972 16,086 879,824 80,933 628,580 630,148 2,235,571-1973 5,194 670,025 104,420 326,184 667,573 1,773,396
I
I 1974 6,596 497,185 200,125 483,730 396,840 1,584,476
1975 4,780 684,818 227,372 336,359 951,796 2,205,135
1976 10,867 1,664,150 208,710 1,256,744 469,807 3,610,278.....I 1977 14,792 2,054,020 192,975 544,184 1,233,733 1,049,704
1978 17,303 2,622,487 219,234 1,687,092 571,925 5,118,041
1979 13,738 92 4,415 265,166 72,982 650,357 1,926,658
~1980 12,497 1,584,392 283,623 1,871,058 387,078 4,138,648
1981 11,548 1,443,294 494,073 127,857 842,849 2,919,621
Average 19,548 1,114,408 229,684 even-I,701,026 614,384 2,891,894
odd-124,459
1982 1 20,636 3,237,376 777,132 788,972 1,428,621 6,252,737
"...
1 ADF&G Preliminary data.
-
TABLE E.3.4:COMMERCIAL CATCH OF LOWER COOK INLET SALMON IN
NUMBERS OF FISH BY SPECIES,1954-1982 1 -, I
Year Ch inook Sockeye Coho Pink Chum Tota I
~
1954 1,545 39,626 15,159 270,744 265,591 592,665
1955 573 36,600 9,675 1,184,328 68,710 1,299,886
1956 333 36,306 9,345 207,920 88,218 342,122 """I195741926,917 1,765 285,613 206,450 521,164
1958 120 19,450 1,796 949,766 124,482 1,095,614
1959 132 21,637 6,352 124,748 110,833 263,707
1960 27 24,726 2,692 611,647 116,082 755,174
1961 41 22,776 1,619 303,377 55,593 383,406
1962 60 25,286 7,727 2,248,341 179,259 2,460,673
1963 96 15,121 6,736 203,616 138,510 364,079
1964 91 20,654 9,460 1,055,417 323,335 1,408,957
1965 10 14,002 862 115,598 28,076 158,548
1966 62 15,333 5,411 579,240 129,062 729,108 -1967 176 29,044 2,726 375,488 85,445 492,879
1968 64 95,242 4,883 585,441 75,134 760,764
1969 64 122,796 623 202,444 61,203 387,130
1970 107 22,312 4,860 574,284 224,158 825,721
1971 73 22,234 4,561 392,871 148,602 568,341
1972 88 57,897 2,234 28,663 75,543 164,425
1973 145 29,_209 2,101 307,403 115,513 554,371
1974 183 27,428 6,514 50,601 19,210 103,936
1975 143 28,142 6,211 1,063,432 21,646 1,119,574
1976 450 58,159 3,216 136,445 50,822 249,092 -.1977 217 100,058 2,872 1,292,153 145,778 1,541,078
1978 1,747 156,404 6,529 352,561 73,518 590,759
1979 1,238 64,417 12,250 2,986,534 223,028 3,287,467
19802 401 66,360 11,411 894,819 74,851 1,047,842
1981 2 347 110,365 10,146 3,300,805 321,619 3,743,281
19822 1,506 131,688 46,398 552,028 198,202 929,192
29 Yr Avg 345 49,662 7,108 732,287 129,252 918,653
l Data Source:ADF&G Final IBM Computer Runs,1954-1981,
and Processor Catch Reports.
2ADF &G Preliminary Data.
~
I
1 1 ]1 "")•1
TABLE E.3.5:SIDE-SCAN SONAR COUNTS OF SALMON MIGRATING PAST YENTNA STATION AND
PETERSON POPULATION ESTIMATES AND CORRESPONDING 95%CONFIDENCE INTERVALS
OF SALMON MIGRATING TO SUNSHINE,TALKEETNA AND CURRY STATIONS,1981 -1982
Ch I nook Sockeye Coho Chum Pink
Station 1981 1982 1981 1982 1981 1982 1981 1982 1981 1982
Yentna Station ----139,000 114,000 17,000 34,100 19,800 27,800 36,100 447,000
Sunshine Station No.--49,600 133,000 151,000 19,800 45,700 263,000 430,000 49,500 443,000
95%Confidence 45,000 120,000 139,000 18,000 42,000 235,000 408,000 46,400 407,000
Interval 55,100 150,000 167,000 22,000 50,300 298,000 456,000 53,100 487,000
I
Talkeetna Station No.--10,900 4,800 3,100 3,300 5,100 20,800 49,100 2,300 73,000
95%Confidence 8,300 4,300 2,800 2,800 4,300 18,400 45,200 1,900 70,500
Interval 12,500 5,400 "3,500 6,200 6,200 22,800 53,800 2,943 75,800
Curry Station No.--11,300 2,800 1,300 1,100 2,400 13,100 29,400 1,000 59,000
95%Conf Idence 8,300 2,600 1,100 7,090 1,800 11,800 26,700 700 53,600
Interval 16,000 3,100 1,500 2,500 3,800 14,600 32,700 2,100 65,300
Source:ADF&G (1981a)
ADF&G (1983)
TABLE E.3.6:SUSITNA BASIN SPORT FISH HARVEST AND EFFORT BY
FISHERY AND SPECIES -1978,1979,1980 and 1981
Days 1':1/l:l
Locations Fished KS SS RS PS CS RT DV LT GR BB
Wi Ilow Creek 22,682 47 ?05 56 18,901 2,458 913 280 0 208 9
Caswe II Creek --
Montana Creek 25,762 408 2,451 85 15,619 4,429 1,193 633 0 958 9
Sunsh i ne Creek --
Clear (Chuni Ina)Creek 5,040 12 2,200 28 2,074 1,912 1,501 1,817 0 859 27
Sheep Creek 11,869 256 478 14 6,981 1,697 470 108 0 461 18
Little Wi Ilow Creek 5,687 0 151 28 3,142 1,015 334 63 0 334 0
Deshka River 9,111 850*1,798 0 697 0 3,634 0 0 579 0
Lake Creek 8,767 326*2,212 254 2,833 1,015 2,721 154 36 2,115 45
AIexander Creek 6,914 769*2,401 183 1,146 215 2,640 136 0 1,871 0
Talachul itna River 732 12*88 141 31 234 0 235 0 99 0
Lake Lou i se,
Lake Susitna,Tyone River 13,161 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,522 2,278 2,947
Others 14 970 163 2,388 56 3,994 2,692 1,519 2 739 877 3 770 208
1978 Total 124,695 2,843 15,072 845 55 418 15,667 14,925 6,165 3,435 13,532 3,263
KS =chinook salmon
SS =coho salmon
RS =sockeye salmon
PS =pink salmon
CS =ch urn sa I mon
RT =rainbow trout
DV =Dolly Varden
LT =lake trout
GR =arctic grayl ing
BB =burbot
*Chinook less than 20 inches
Source:Mills (1979-1982)
I I ).1 .1 I I _J .1 ].I J J J I J J
~
I J ..-.J J J J 1 11JfI 1 --J J J 1 -;-1
TABLE E.3.6 (Cont'd)
Days 1979
Locations Fished KS SS RS PS CS RT DV LT GR BB
Wi I low Creek 18,911 459 462 94 3,445 582 1,500 618 0 1,654 18
Caswe I I Creek 3,710 156 624 0 100 9 282 91 0 354 0
Montana Creek 22,621 312 1,735 346 2,472 745 1,536 527 0 791 9
Sunshine Creek 3,317 10*774 157 700 55 382 264 0 0 45
Clear (Chunilna)Creek 5,125 312 1,248 31 645 355 1,373 827 0 1,045 9
Sheep Creek 6,728 10 462 31 2,418 682 573 127 0 645 64
Little Wi I low Creek 5,171 0 262 141 745 118 345 336 0 1,091 0
Deshka River 13,236 2,811 973 0 109 0 3,182 0 0 1,463 82
Lake Creek 13,881 1,796 2,671 440 882 136 4,527 164 9 1,963 109
Alexander Creek 8,284 712 1,560 79 236 45 1,182 182 0 745 145
Talachul itna River 2,185 293 125 47 100 55 0 155 0 664 45
Lake Louise,
Lake Sus itna,Tyone Rivet 12,199 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,618 2,936 2,363
Others 12,639 39 1,997 220 664 1,245 3,472 909 472 4 918 282
1979 Tota I 128,007 6 910 12,893 1,586 12,516 4072 18,354 4 200 3,099 13,342 3,171
KS =chinook salmon
SS =coho salmon
RS =sockeye salmon
PS =pink salmon
CS =chum salmon
RT =rainbow trout
DV =Dolly Varden
LT =lake trout
GR =a rct i c gray ling
SS =burbot
*Ch inook less than 20 inches
Source:Mil Is (1979-1982)
TABLE E.3.6 (Cont'd)
Days 1980
Locations Fished KS SS RS PS CS RT DV LT GR BB
Wi I low Creek 29,011 289 1,207 83 23,638 989 1,168 636 0 1,868 0
Caswe II Creek 4,963 215 1,124 77 1,663 19 154 83 0 353 26
Montana Creek 19,287 559 2,684 257 8,230 571 854 167 0 655 13
Sunsh Ine Creek 5,208 132 1,534 116 2,408 225 193 39 0 0 39
Clear (Chuni Ina)Creek 4,388 172 661 6 622 385 950 751 0 1,348 32
Sheep Creek 8,041 45*430 9 6,362 648 385 83 0 725 45
Li tt leW i I low Creek 8,190 32*494 77 6,420 270 353 122 0 1,156 0
Deshka River 19,364 3,685 2,290 0 689 0 4,305 0 0 1,817 224
Lake Creek 8,325 775 2,351 267 2,101 69 2,144 121 9 1,972 0
AIexander Creek 6,812 1,438 999 52 809 121 1,945 353 0 1,145 0
Talachul Itna River 2,542 121 491 112 276 17 379 982 0 1,713 0
Lake Lou I se,
Lake Sus I tna,Tyone River 10,539 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,609 4,477 6,612
Others 12,216 45*2,234 257 3.403 1.445 2,658 790 267 4 854 212
1980 Tota I 138.886 7,389 16.499 1,304 56.621 4.759 15,488 4,127 2,876 22 083 7,203
KS =chinook salmon
SS =coho sa Imon
RS =sockeye salmon
PS =pink sa Imon
CS =chum sa I mon
RT =ra in bow trout
DV =Dolly Varden
LT =Iake trout
GR =arctic grayl ing
BB =bur bot
*Chinook less than 20 inches
Source:Mi lis (1979-1982)
I J J J )J ••J --]I I "I J )J .J J
~J
TABLE E.3.6 (Cont'd)
J J -1 1 -1 )1 1
Days 1981
Locations Fished KS"KS 55 RS PS CS RT DV LT GR BB
Willow Creek 14,060 144 441 747 77 2,797 1,533 1,475 249 0 1,188 48
Caswell Creek 3,860 77 172 901 38 335 0 326 38 0 144 0
Montana Creek 16,657 239 422 2,261 182 1,782 805 1,111 240 0 891 0
Sunshine Creek 3,062 57 0 968 220 958 125 249 10 0 57 115
CI ear (Chu nil na)Creek 3,584 86 287 422 29 19 57 1,226 1,418 0 996 0
Sheep Creek 6,936 0 0 326 105 1,236 987 201 57 0 872 0
Little Wi Ilow Creek 3,845 0 0 29 67 604 192 374 48 0 623 0
Desh ka River 13,248 738 2,031 632 0 19 0 3,631 10 0 1,255 96
Lake Creek 6,471 163 632 1,035 211 412 48 2,874 67 19 1,600 29
Alexander Creek 6,892 278 843 891 67 57 10 2,290 287 0 1,130 29
Talachul itna River 1,378 57 0 240 172 29 0 0 0 0 479 0
Lake Lou i se,
Lake Susitna,Tyone River 14,397 115 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 <4,093 4,892 5,292
Others <7,850 277 0 939 115 412 450 3,851 814 287 7 089 57
1981 Tota I 102,240 2,748 4,828 9,391 1,283 8,660 4,207 13 757 3,238 4,399 21,216 5,666
KS =chinook salmon
55 =coho sa Imon
RS =sockeye salmon
PS =pink sa lmon
CS =chum salmon
RT =ra i nbow trout
DV =Dolly Varden
LT =lake trout
GR =arctic grayling
BB =burbot
*Ch inook less than 20 inches
Source:Mi lis (1979-1982)
-TAB LE E.3.7:CHINOOK SALMON ESCAPEMENT COUNTS (F SUSITNA RIVER BASIN STREAMS FROM
1982 11976to1982,ADULT ANADROMOUS INVESTIGATIONS,SUS1TNA HYDRO STUDIES,
YEAR
Stream 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982
AI exand er Creek 5,412 9,246 5,854 6,215 a a
2,546
Desh ka River 21,693 39,642 24,639 27,385 a a 16,00Oe
Willow Creek 1,660 1,065 1,661 1,086 a 1,357 592d
Little Wil low Creek 833 598 436 324c a 459 316d
Kashwitna River
(North Fork)203 336 362 457 a 557 156d
Sheep Creek 455 630 1,209 778 a 1,013 527d
Goose Creek 160 133 283 b a 262 140d
Montana Creek 1,445 1,443 881 1,094c a 814 887d
Lane Creek b b b b b
40 47
Indian River 537 393 114 285 a 422 1,053
Portage Creek 702 374 140 190 a 659 1,111
Prairie Creek 6,513 5,790 5,154 a a
1,900 3,844
Clear Creek 1,237 769 997 864c a a 982
Chulitna River
(East Fork)112 168 59 a a a 119d
Chul rtna River (MF)1,870 1,782 000 a a a 644d
Chul itna River 124 229 62 a a a 100d -!-bnol uIu Creek 24 36 13 37 a a 27d
Byers Creek 53 69 a 28 a a 7d
Troublesome Creek 92 95 a a a a 36d
Bunco Creek 112 136 a 58 a a 198
Peters Creek 2,280 4,102 1,335 a a a a
Lake Creek 3,735 71.391 8,931 4,196 a a 3,577
TaI ach uI I tn a River 1,319 1,856 1,375 1,648 a a 3,101
Canyon River 44 135 b b b 2,129 b
Quartz Creek b 8 b b b 8 b -Red Creek b 1,511 385 b b 749 b
11976-1980 counts -KUbik,S.W.
a No total count due to high turbid water
b Not coun ted
c Poor counting condItions
d Counts conducted after peak spawning
e Estimated peak spawn ing count (ADF&G/Del aney,K.)
-
-
-
....
TABLE E.3.8:1982 CHINOOK SALMON ESCAPEMENT SURVEYS OF SUSITNA RIVER BASIN STREAMS
ADULT ANADROMOUS INVESTIGATIONS,SUSITNA HYDRO STUDIES,1982
I"""Survey Chinook Salmon Counted
Stream Surveyed Date Method Cond it ion Live Dead Tota I
AI exander Creek
(Mount to La ke)7/31 Hel.Good 1,687 0 1,687-Wolverine Creek
(Alexander Creek Drainage)7/28 He I.Good 537 0 537
Sucker Creek
(Alexander Creek Drainage)7/28 He I.Good 322 0 322
Bunco Creek 8/7 Hel.Fair 168 30 198
Byers Creek 8/12 He I.Exce II ent 7 0 7
Chase Creek 8/11 Foot Good 8 7 15-Cheechako Creek
!Devi I Canyon)8/6 Hel.Good 16 0 16
Ch i nook Creek
!Dev I I Ca nyon )8/6 He I.Good 5 0 5r-'
Chu I rtna River 8/12 Hel.Excel lent 49 51 100
Chu I itna River
P""(East Fork)8/12 Hel.Excellent 67 52 119
Chulitna River
(Mi dd Ie Fork)8/12 He I.Excel lent 385 259 644
~CI ear Creek 7/21 He I.Fair 978 4 982I1I
Deshka River 8/5-9 Hel.Fair 10,471 200 10,671
Gol d Creek 8/3 Hel.Good 122 20 142
Goose Creek 8/7 He I.Good 98 42 140
Hono I uIu Creek 8/12 Hel.Excel lent 11 16 27
I nd ian River 7/21 He I.Good 1,049 4 1,053
Jack Long Creek 8/4 Foot Excel lent 2 0 2
4th of Ju Iy Creek 9/29 Foot Good 55 1 56
Ka 1~w i tn a R i virorthFork 8/10 Hel.Excellent 128 28 156
I"""Lake Creek 8/2 Hel.Good 2,267 50 2,317
Came Creek(ake reek Drainage)8/2 He I.Excell ant 517 0 517
Su~f I ~weE Cree~La e reek rainage)8/2 He I.Excel lent 743 0 743
Lane Creek 7/1~Foot Excellent 13 0 177/2 Foot Exce lent 1
~..
""",!
TABLE E.3.8 (Cont'dl
Survey Chinook Salmon Counted
Stream Surveyed Date Method ConditIon LIve Dead Total
Little Wi I low Creek 8n Hel.Good 190 126 316
Montana Creek 8/5 Foot Good 829 58 887
Portage Creek 7/21 Hel.Excellent 955 0 955
8/8 Hel.Excellent 1,081 30 1,111
Pra i rl e Creek 7/31 Hel.Excellent 3,782 62 3,844
Sheep Creek 8/7 Hel.Good 316 211 527
Spl nk Creek 8/7 Hel.Excel lent 12 0 12
Troublesome Creek 8/12 Hel.Excellent 34 2 36
Talachulltna River 8/1 Hel.Excellent 3,101 0 3,101
WIllow Creek 8/6 Foot Fair 506 86 592
DeceptIon Creek
(Willow Creek Drainagel 8/6 Foot Fair 212 17 229
'partlal count;Malnstem Deshka from Trapper Creek to Forks;Trapper Creek not
surveyable,estimated peak spawning count was 16,000 (see Table E.3.7l.,
2Survey conditions on Deshka River and trIbutarIes ranged from good to poor.
Source:ADF&G 1982d
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
~I
TABLE E.3.9:PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF 1982 SMOLT TRAP CATCHES AT TALKEETNA STATION
~l
No.of Mean Catch per Hour
Date Samp Ies Ch i nook Sockeye Coho Chum Pink
1"""6/18-6/24 7 0.53 1.40 3.86 4.97 0
6/25-7/1 4 0.57 1.32 1.10 2.31 0
7/2-7/8 6 0.41 7.52 0.47 0.92 0.06
7/9-7/15 7 0.55 2.37 0.33 0.71 0.02
7/16-7/22 7 0.14 1.63 0.53 0.39 0
7/23-7/29 7 0.46 2.43 0.63 0.12 0
7/30-8/5 7 0.14 1.02 0.49 0.05 0
8/6-8/12 7 0.08 0.84 0.53 0.02 0
8/13-8/19 7 0.02 0.35 0.36 0.01 0
"".8/20-8/26 7 0.03 0.23 0.20 0 0
8/27-9/2 3 0.04 0.12 0.15 0 0
r-9/3-9/9 5 0 0.07 0.22 0 0
9/10-9/16 7 0.01 0.03 0.21 0 0
"""~9/17-9/23 6 0.11 0.14 0.48 0 0
9/24-9/30 7 0 0.10 0.48 '0 0
10/1-10/7 5 0.01 0.09 0.20 0 0
""'"10/8-10/12 5 0 0.03 0.29 0 0
P"~Source:ADF&G (1982fJ
-
""'",
p....
P'''
f
TABLE E.3.10:ADULT SALMON MIGRATION RATES (IN MILES PER DAY>
Sunsh ine to Sunsh Ine to Tal keetna
Tal keetna Curry to Curry
(23 miles)(40 mil es)(17 mil es)
Species 1981 1982 1981 1982 1981 1982
"""I
Ch inook
Mean Rate 2.1 3.1 2.2
Maximum Rate 7.7 6.7 17.0
Sockeye
Mean Rate 4.6 2.7 3.0 3.4 3.5
Maximum Rate 7.7 11.5 8.0 10.0 17.0 17.0
Coho
Mean Rate 4.0 5.3 11.3 10.0
Maximum Rate 8.5
Chum
Mean Rate 4.6 7.4 6.3 3.8 6.5
Max Imum Rate 11.5 23.0 20.0 17.0 17.0
Pink -
Mean Rate 2.6 7.4 7.1 6.0 10.0
Maximum Rate 11.5 23.0 20.0 17.0 17.0 -1
Source:ADF&G (1981a)
ADF&G (1983)
-
-
-
-
-11 ~))J 1 ~······1 ~~J ~'~~j -~-]-J }1 -J 1 J
,
"
TABLE E.3.11:ANALYSIS OF SOCKEYE SALMON AGE DATA BY PERCENT FROM ESCAPEMENT SAMPLES COLLECTED AT SUSITNA,YENTNA,
SUNSHINE,TALKEETNA AND CURRY STATIONS,ADULT_AN~DROMOUS INVESTIGATIONS,SUSITNA HYDRO STUD I ESJ 1981
AGE CL ASS 1/BROOD YEAR
Collection Site n 3 1 3 2 4 1 4 2 4 3 51 52 \62 63 1975 1976 1977 1978
Sus itna Stat i on 1709 0.0 0.6 0.0 8.4 0.0 0.0 83.9 2.7 O.1 4.3 4.4 86.6 8.4 0.6
Yentna Station 1193 0.1 0.7 0.7 7.5 0.4 1.9 80.8 3.5 2.4 2.0 4.4 86.2 8.6 0.8
Sunshine Station 976 0.0 1.1 0.6 21.0 0.6 0.0 70.2 2.6 0.2 3.7 3.9 72.8 22.2 1 .1
Talkeetna Station 110 0.0 0.0 1.8 22.8 0.0 (}.o 70.2 1.8 1.8 1.8 3.6 71.8 24.6 0.0
Curry Stat ion 270 0.0 0.7 1•1 27.4 0.0 0.0 65.9 3.4 0.0 1.5 1.5 69.3 28.5 0.7
1/Gilbert-Rich Notation
Source:ADF&G 1981a
TABLE E.3.12:ESTIMATED NLMBER CF SLOUGH SPAWNING
SOCKEYE,CHLM AND PI NK SALMON IN SLOUGiS
BETWEEN DEV1 1 CANYON AND TALKEETNA,-1981 TO 1982
River
Slough Mj I e Sockeye Chum Pi nk
1981 1982 1981 1982 1981 1982
1 99.6 0 0 6 0 0 0
2 100.4 0 0 30 0 0 0
3B 101.4 2 0 0 0 0 0y.,101.9 9 0 0 0 1 0
5 107.2 0 0 0 2a 0 0 -6A 112.3 1 0 11 2 0 35a
8 113.2 0 0 480 0 25 0
lD 121.8 0 0 0 23a 0 0a:;121.9 0 2 0 75 0 0
83 122.2 0 5 1 80 a 0 0 """!I
M09se 123.5 0 8 167a 65 0 9
A 124.6 0 0 140a 0 0 0
A 124.7 0 0 60 0 2 0
811 125.1 191 133 620a 748 0 28
B 126.3 0 9 0 73 0 3za
9 128.3 14 6 260a 420 0 32
93 129.3 203 1 190 5 0 0
9A 133.3 3 1 207 173 0 0
10 133.8 0 0 0 2 0 0
11 135.3 1762 1131 765 732 0 276
13 135.7 0 0 5 0 0 0
15 137.2 0 0 1 1 0 135
16 137.3 10 0 3 0 0 0
17 138.2 49 0 94 21 a 0 0
19 139.7 2a 0 3 1 0 1
20 140.1 64 106 16 30B 0 133
21 141.0 0 0 457 1222 0 64 a
21A 145.5 0 0 10 2 0 0
....
Estimated Total 2315 1402 3526 3674 28 735
1981 Est [mated Total:5869 slough spawning salrron.
1982 Estimated Total:5811 s laugh spawn ing sal man.
Total numbers estimated by calculating the area under the curve formed from
plotting number of I ive sa Irron in sloughs versus the date and dividing by the
average estimated stream lite (as in Bel I,1980)•The est I mated str eam 11 fe III'!O\was 12 days for soc keye.10 days for chum and 7 days for pinks (Bechtel Civil
and Minerals,In c.,1983)•
In seme cases the peak live count exceeded the cal cui ated total count.These
are 1nd icated by "a"and the peak live count is used.""'"
r-I
TABLE E.3.13:MAINSTEM SUSITNA RIVER SALMON SPAWNING LOCATIONS
IDENTIFIED IN 1981-1982
River Date Species Caught or Observed
Mi Ie 1981 1982 Sockeye Pink Chum Coho Other
68.3 9-21 0 0 6 0
76.6 9-21 0 0 1 2-9-27 0 0 16 0
83.3 9-5 0 0 17 0
92.2 10-9 0 0 11 0-,
96.8 9-2 0 0 0
97.0 9-17 0 0 20 0
100.5 9-24 0 0 0 0 eggs pumped
from redds
114.4 9-2 0 0 18
.~~
117.6 9-23 0 0 0 6
117.7 8-13 0 12 15 0
9-2 0 0 0 8
128.6 9-5 0 0 10 0
9-7 0 0 7 0
129.2 9-8 0 0 2
~
129.8 9-12 0 0 5 0
130.5 9-8 0 0 3 0-131.1 9-7 0 0 3 0
131.3 8-19 0 0 3 0
9-4 0 0 12 0
~-135.2 9-6 0 0 6 0
136.0 8-12 0 20 14 4
9-4 0 0 50 0
I""'"
137.4 8-19 0 0 25 0
138.2 9-27 0 0 0 0 eggs pumped
from redds
138.9 9-4 0 0 16 0
143.3 9-4 0 0 22 0
r-
148.2 8-18 0 0 400 0
9-5 1 0 4 1
Source:ADF&G (1981 a)
ADF&G (1982e)
TABLE E.3.14:COHO SALMON JUVENILES,PERCENT INCIDENT AT HABITAT
LOCATION SITES ON THE MAINSTEM SUSITNA RIVER AND
ITS TRIBUTARY MOUTHS BETWEEN COOK INLET AND DEV IL
CANYON -NOVEMBER 1980 TO MAY 1981
Percent Incidence
Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May
Cook Inlet
a 0.8toTa Ikeetna 83.3 0.0 42.9 60.0 63.6 57.7
Tr i butary
~uth Sites 100.0 0.0 66.7 66.7 66.7 0.0 83.3
Ma i nstem and
Slough Sites 50.0 0.0 25.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 50.0
Talkeetna to
Dev i I Canyon 0.0 42.9 50.0 42.9
Tributary
Mouth Sites 0.0 0.0 25.0 0.0
Mainstem and
Slough Sites 0.0 75.0 66.7 50.0
a Extrme cold (-25°to -40°F)hampered sampl ing efforts during
December 1980.
b Hazardous ice conditions prior to spring breakup limited sampling
efforts to three habitat location sites in Apri I 1981.
Source:ADF&G 1981f
""""
-
-,
I
-
.....
-
--
"'-1I
/"'..
i
,....
TABLE E.3.15:COHO SALMON JUVENILES,PERCENT INCIDENT AT HABITAT
LOCATION SITES ON THE MAtNSTEM SUSITNA RIVER AND ITS
TRIBUTARY MOUTHS BETWEEN COOK INLET AND TALKEETNA,
JUNE TO SEPTEMBER 1981
Percent Incidence
June June July July Aug.Aug.Sept.Sept.
1-15 16-30 1-15 16-31 1-15 16-30 1-15 16-31
Tr i butary (Mouth)80.0 66.7 80.0 81.3 93.8 100.0 100.0 91.7
Habitat Sites
Ma instem 40.0 11.1 55.6 20.0 18.2 22.2 50.0 62.5
Combi ned 60.0 42.9 70.8 57.7 63.0 72.0 83.3 80.0
Habitat Sites
Source:ADF&G 1981f
TABLE E.3.16:ARCTIC GRAYLING HOOK AND LINE TOTAL CATCH BY TRIBUTARY
BETWEEN THE MOUTH AND PROPOSED IMPOUNDMENT ELEVATIONS
(PIE*l AND MOUTH IN THE IMPOUNDMENT STUDY AREA,1981
CATCH
Tributary ~June ~August September Total
Fog Creek 22 17 23 5 5 72
Tsusena Creek 23 19 74 18 135
Deadman Creek 53 86 42 6 3 190 -Watana Creek 49 16 172 28 266 \
Kosina Creek 136 246 143 67 187 779
Jay Creek 3 178 70 16 50 317 ""'"'
Goose Creek 121 136 82 37 6 382
Oshetna River 19 92 155 73 167 506
TOTAL CATCH 378 823 605 394 447 2,647
*PIE for Fog and Tsusena Creeks 1455 ft;all other tributarIes 2185 ft.
Source:ADF&G 1981f -
-
.....
.....
TABLE E.3.17:ARCTIC GRAYLING POPULATION ESTIMATES FOR THE REACH OF MAJOR
TRIBUTARIES IN THE WATANA AND.DEVIL CANYON IMPOUNDMENT AREAS
Petersen 1
Population Estimate
1982
1982 Number
Stream Reservoir 1981 Number per mi Ie
Fog Creek Devi I Canyon 176
Tsusena Creek Devi I Canyon 1,000
Deadman Creek Watana 979 734 1,835
Watana Creek Watana 3,903 323
Kos ina Creek Watana 2,787 5,544 1,232
Jay Creek Watana 1,089 1,592 455
Goose Creek Watana 1,327 949 791
Oshetna River Watana 2,017 2,426 1,103
1981 Estimate based on Arctic grayling greater than 8 inches (200 mm)
long.
1982 Estimate based on al I ages,but underestimates ages 1 and 2.
Source:ADF &G 1981f
ADF&G 1982e
"""'I
TABLE E.3.19:STREAMS CROSSED BY DENALI HIGHWAY
(CANTWELL TO WATANA ACCESS JUNCTION)
-
.....
-
,...,
Mi les from
Stream Richardson Highway
Tri b.to Jack R.132.5
Tr ib.to Jack R.132
Un named Creek (Jack R.System)128
Edmonds Creek 121
Nenana R.Oxbow 119.75
Nenana R.Oxbow 119.5
Trib.to Nenana R.118
Tr i b.to Nenana R.117.8
Tr ib.to Nenana R.116.8
Unnamed Creek (Nenana System)114.5
Species Present
grayl ing
grayling
gray ling 1
Various species from the
Nenana River,including
gray ling,northern pike,
burbot,whitefish,and
sculpin.
"
"
"
"
"
"
.....
-
....
lcan be reasonably expected,but not verified •
TABLE E.3.20:SlREAMS TO BE CROSSED BY WATAf'.JA ACCESS ROAD
(DENALI HIGHWAY TO WATANA DAM)
Stream
Unnamed Creek (Nenana System)
Tr ibutary to Li I Y Creek
Lily Creek
Seattle Creek
Unnamed Creek (Seattle System)
Unnamed Creek (Seattle System)
Trib.to Brushkana Creek
Trib.to Brushkana Creek
Brushkana Creek
Trib.to Brushkana Creek
Unnamed Creek (Brushkana System)
Unnamed Creek (Brushkana System)
l:eadman Creek
Trlb.to Deadman Creek
Trlb.to Deadman Creek
Trlb.to Deadman Creek
Tr lb.to Deadman Creek
Trib.to Deadman Creek
Trib.to Deadman Creek
Trlb.to Deadman Creek
Trlb.to Deadman Creek
Trlb.to Deadman Creek
Mi I es from
Dena'i Highway
0.3
8.8
11.0
11.6
12.0
14.0
17.0
18.5
2 O.1
23.2
24.3
25.1
28.0
29.1
29.8
31.8
37.8
38.5
Species Present
(gray ling)1
(gray'ing,cottlds)1
(grayl lng,cottids)1
(grayl lng,cottlds)1
(grayl lng,cottids)1
(grayl lng,cottids)1
(grayling,cottids)1
(grayl lng,cottids)1
(grayl lng,cotttds)1
(grayl lng,cottids)1
(grayl ing,cottids)1
(gr ay lin g,cott Ids)1
grayling,(Whitefls9'
suckers,&cottids)
(gray ling,cott Ids)1
2probabI y none
2probablynone
(grayl ing,cottlds)1
2probablynone
2probabI y none
2probablynone
(grayling,cottids)1
(qrayl ing,cottlds)1
1
Can be reasonably expected,but not verified.
2 Steep contours on downstream side of road probably preclude
fish fran this reach.
"""
TABLE E.3.21:STREAMS TO BE CROSSED BY DEVI L CANYON ACCESS ROAD AND
TRANSM ISS ION LI NE BETWEEN WATM'!A AND DE VI L CAN'TON,AND
RAILROAD SPUR FROM GOLD CREEK TO DEVIL CANYON
r
.....
Stream
Tsusena Creek
Unnamed Creek
Unnamed Creek
Unnamed Creek
Unnamed Creek
Unnamed Creek
Trib.to Devil Creek
Dev I I Creek
Trib.to Devil Creek
Trlb.to Devil Creek
Trlb.to Devil Creek
Susltna River
Unnamed Creek
Stream
Gold Creek
Susltna River Encroachment
Unnamed Creek
Unn amed Creek
Jack Long Creek Tr lb.
Jack Long Creek
Encroachment
Mi les from
Watana Road
8.0
8.6
12.2
13.9
15.9
18.8
22.0
24.4
24.6
26.3
35.1
36.0
Miles from Gold
Creek Station
2.5
9-12
Species Present
grayling,whitefish,
longnose sucker,
Dolly Varden,and
scul pin
1(gray ling)
(gray I ;ng)1
1(gray I I ng)
1(gray ling)
1(gray II ng)
1(gray II ng)
(graYllng)l
1(gray I I nq)
1(gray 1I ng)
1(gray II ng)
grayling;chinook,
coho,oInk and chum
salmon;whitefish;
sucker;burbot;
scul pin;and Dolly
Varden
(gray ling)1
Spec I es Present
chinook,coho,pink
salmon
chinook,coho,chum,
pi nk and sockeye
salmon;gray Ii ng;
rainbow trout;
whi tefi sh;sucker;
burbot;Dolly Varden;
and scul pin~
(grayli~g,Dolly
Vard en)
(grayll~g,Dolly
Va rden)
(gray'I ~g,Dol Iy
Varden)
chinook,coho,chum,
and pink salmon
I'"'"
i Can be reasonably expected,but not verified.
TAB LE E.3.22:WATER BODI ES TO BE CROSSED BY THE .SUS ITNA TRANSM ISS ION LI NE
(ANCHORAGE TO WILLOW)-
Stream
Ship Creek
Foss I I Creek
Otter Creek
Kn Ik Arm
Unnamed Creek (T,R'W,Sec.18)
Little Susltna River
Tributary to Fish Creek
(T 17N,R 3>1,Sec.18,19)
Fish Creek
Unnamed Creek (T l8N,R3>I,Sec.8)
Unnamed Creek (T 18N R':W,Sec.5)
Unn amed Creek (T 19N,R ':W,Sec.)
Wi I low Creek
Fish Species Present
pink,chinook,coho,chum,and sockeye
salmon;Dolly Varden;rainbow trout.
none
rainbow trout
pink,chinook,coho,chum,and sockeye
salmon
un known
coho,pin k,ch I nook,ch urn,and soc keye
sa I mon;ra I nbow trout;Dol IY Varden;
grayling
(rainbow trout;coho,chinook salmon)l
chlnook,sockeye,pink,and coho salmon;
ra I nbow trout
1(coho)
1(coho)
unknown
coho,chum,pink,and chinook salmon;
grayling;rainbow trout;Dolly Varden;
whitefish
.,
-
-
-
Can be reaso nab I y ex pected,but not ver i fled.
'""'I
-,
,
-TABLE E.3.23:WATER BODIES TO BE CROSSED BY THE SUSITNA TRANSMISSION LINE
(HEALY TO FAIRBANKS)
-
-
"""'
.....
I
Stream
Nenana R J ver HI
Dry Creek
Pangu I nge Creek
Little Panguinge Creek
Slate Creek
Tributary to Slate Creek
Rock Creek
Unnamed Creek
T9S,R9W,S36,FM
June Creek
Bear Creek
Nenana River H2
Unnamed Creek
T8S,R8W,S31,FM
Wr ndy Creek
Tributary to Windy Creek
Unnamed Creek
T82,R9W,SI,FM
Unnamed Creek
T7S,R8W,S18,FM
Unnamed Creek
T72,R7W,S8,FM
Unnamed Creek
T7S,R7W,S5,FM
Unnamed Creek
T6S,R7W,S32,FM
Tributary to Fish Creek
T6S,R7W,S21,FM
Trl butary to Fish Creek
T6S,R7W,S22,FM
Fish Creek
Fish Species Present
coho salmon,grayling,round whitefish,
longnose sucker,slimy sculpin,burbot,
Dolly Varden
unknown
coho salmon,longnose sucker,round
whitefIsh,Dolly Varden,grayling,
slimy sculpIn
coho sa I mon,gray I lng,round wh Itef Ish,
slimy sculpin,Dolly Varden,longnose
sucker
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
grayling;northern pike;slimy scul p in;1
chum,chinook and coho salmon;Inconnu;
whitefish;burbot
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
(grayling an2 other species found in
Fish Creek)
(grayling an2 other species found In
Fish Creek)
gray I lng,round whitefIsh,slimy
3SCUlpin Dolly Varden,longnose sucker
TABLE E.3.23 (Cont'd)
5tream
Unnamed Creek (2 crossings)
T 65 , R7VI , 510,FM
Unnamed Creek (2 crossings)
T65,R11/,53,FM
Unnamed Creek
T45,R7W,534,FM
Unnamed Creek
T45,R7W,528,FM
Tanana River complex
Tanana Tributary complex
Little Goldstream Creek
Little Goldstream Tributary
T35,Rtw,54,FM
little Goldstream Tributary
R35,R~,53 FM
Little Goldstream Tributary
T35,REW,52,FM
Little Goldstream Tributary
T35,R&I,51,FM
Ll ttle Goldstream Tr lbutary
T25,R5i\I,532,FM (2 crossings)
Bonanza Creek Tributary
T25,R 5N,533,34, 36,FM
(3 cross 1ngs)
Ohio Creek Tributary
T25,R5i\I,57,FM
Ohl0 Creek TrIbutary
T25,R4W,55,FM (2 crossings)
Ohio Creek Tributary
T 15,R4W,533,FM
Ohio Creek Tributary
T15,R4W,527,FM
Fish 5pecles Present
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
chum,coho and chinook salmon;.inconnu;
northern pike;grayling;whitefish;
burbot
un known
4grayllng,round Whitefish,blackflsh ,
10ngnose sucker,slimy sculpin
(gray'ing and other speci2s found In
Little Goldstream Creek)
(gray ling and other spec 12s found in
Little Goldstream Creek)
(grayling and other speci~s found in
Little Goldstream Creek)
(grayl ing and other speci2s found in
Little Goldstream Creek)
(grayling and other speci~s found In
Little Goldstream Creek)
unknown
unknowCl
un known
unknown
un known
....
'"'""
'"'"
....,
"""
r-
!
.....
I
TAB LE E.3.23 (Cont'd)
Stream
Ohio Creek Complex
Ohio Creek Complex
AI der Creek Comp I ex
Emma Creek
Alder Creek Tributary
TIS,R3W,S13,FM
12 lnconnu =Stenodus leucichthys
Not ver i f i ed but can reasonab I y
3 be expected
4 Slimy scu I pi n =Cottus cognatus
Blackflsh =Dalila pectoralis
Sources:ADF&G (19-82q)
Tarbox etar.(1978)
Fish Species Present
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
un known
TABLE E.3.24:EFFECTS OF SURFACING AND EARTHWORK ON PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS
OF AQUATIC HABITAT
.':,;
Constrtjction Activity/Rock Subgrade Aggregate Equipment Borrow Pits Long-term
Physica'l'and Chemical Effects Clearino Earthwork Excavation Stabl I ization Production Areas &Landf Ills Effects
Increased Surface Runoff X X X X X X X
,.'j
Lower Wa'ter Ta bIe X X X
-
Leaching-of Soi I Minerai X X
Fluctuation of Streamflow X X X X X X
Fluctuation In Water Level X X X X X X
Downstream Flooding X X X X X
Increased Sedimentation X X X X X X X
Reduced Habitat Diversity X X X X X X
Increased Turbidity X X X X X X X X
Changes in Water Temperature X X X X X
Changes In pH X X X X X
Change in Chemical Compositlor X X X X X X
Addition of Hydrocarbons X X
Increased Oxygen Demand X X X X
Source:Darnell etal.1978.
J J .)]J
..-
TABLE E.3.25:I \\cREASE IN WATER SLRFACE ELEVATION (WSEL)
DURING INITIAL FILL OF WATANA RESERVOIR*
1ST YEAR
End of Month Increase In
"..Month Rate (ft/dayJ WSEL (ft)WSEL (ft J
APR 1460
MAY 5.4 1626 166
JUN 2.4 1699 73-JUL 4.0 1823 124I
AUG 0.9 1851 28
SEPT 0.6 1869 18
OCT 0.2 1875 6
I"""NOV 1875
DEC 1875
Total increase In water surface el evat ion for the year is 415 ft.
~l
2ND YEAR
End of Month Increase rn
~Month Rate (ft/dayJ WSEL (ft)WSEL (ft )
JAN 1875
FEB 1875
MAR 1875
Affi <0.1 1875
MAY 1.0 1908 33
JUN 2.5 1984 76
JUl 1.7 2036 52
AUG 0.8 2062 26
SEPT 0.3 2070 8
OCT 0.3 2080 10
NOV 0.1 2080
DEC <0.1 2080
1"'"
Total increase In water surface elevatIon for the year is 208 ft.
3RD YEAR
End of Month Increase in
Month Rate (ft/day)WSEL (ft)(WSEL (ft )
JAN 2080
FEB 2080
MAR 2080
Affi <0.1 2080
/"'"MAY 0.5 2197 17
JUN 1.3 2139 42
JUL 1.0 2171 32
AUG 0.4 2185 14
,..~Total Increase in water surface elevation for the year Is 102 ft.i
r-*Onder median flow conditions.
ALASKA RESOURCES I,TRQ ARY
U.S.DEPT.OF INTK~WR
.....
i
TABLE E.3.26:Ca.1PARISON OF AVERAGe:MONTHLY STREAMFLOWS AT OOLD CREEK
DURING INITIAL FILLING OF WATANA RESERVOIR*
Month Pre-Project Proposed Minimum Forecast Streamflows
(cfs)(cfs)1st yr %Change 2nd yr %Change 3rd yr If,Change
(cfs)(cfs)(cfs)
OCT 5800 2000 --4300 -26 2000 -66
NOV 2600 1000 --2600 0 2600 0
DEC 1800 1000 --1800 0 1800 0
JAN 1500 1000 --1500 0 1500 0
FEB 1200 1000 --1200 0 1200 0
MAR 1100 1000 --1100 0 1100 0
APR 1400 1000 --1200 -14 1400 0
MAY 13200 6000 9800 -26 6000 -55 6000 -55
JUN 27800 6000 22200 -20 6000 -78 6800 -76
JUL 24400 6500 7300 -70 6500 -73 6500 -73
AUG 22200 12000 16800 -24 12000 -46 14100 -36
SEPT 13300 9300 9300 -30 9300 -30 13300 0
AVERAGe:
ANNUAL 9700 4000 6900 -29 4500 -54 4900 -49
--
*Under medlin-tlow conditions.
J )I j I J c1 I I J J J J J J ]J
1 11--}-1
TABLE E.3.27:MAJOR IMPACT ISSUES DURING FILLING OF WATANA RESERVOIR REGARDING
SALMONIDS IN THE TALKEETNA-TO-DEVIL CANYON REACH
I
Reduced
Slough +Reduced Increased Decreased
Passage Passage Mainstem Ground Rear Ing Winter Summer Decreased Decreased Downstream Downstream
Into Into Spawn Ing Water In Water Water Mainstem Mainstem Passage in Passage
Soecies Siouahs Tributaries Habitat Upwell ina Malnstem Temo.Temp.Turbidity ScourlnQ Malnstem from S louahs
Chum
-Adult -0 --
-Embryo -.-+
-Juvenile 0 -0 0 -
Sockeye
-Adult ---
-Embryo --+0
-Juvenile -0 0 -+0 -
Ch inook
-Adult 0 0 -
-Juvenile 0 ,0 -++-++0 0
Coho
-Adult 0 0 -
-Juvenile 0 0 -++-++0 0-
Pink
-Adu It -0 --
-Embryo 0 -+
-Juvenile -0 0 -
Ra I nbow
Trout
-Adult -0 0 0 ++-++0 0
-Juvenile 0 0 0 ++-++0 0
Note:0 =no Impact
+=beneficial Impact- =adverse Impact
Blank =not present In the habitat considered.
TABLE E.3.28:MAJOR TRIBUTARIES TO BE I NUNDATED 1
TRIBUTARIES INUNDATED BY THE WATANA RESERVOIR
-
Tri butary
Deadman Creek
Watana Creek
Kosina Creek
Jay Creek
Goose Creek
Oshetna River
Tri butary
Tsusena Creek
Fog Creek
Length Exposed Length
Total Length During Annual Re-inundated 2InundatedDrawdownDuringMay-June
2.3 m r les 0.8 0.4
10.0 0.7 0.5
4.2 0.8 0.4
3.2 0.8 0.4
1.2 0.8 0.3
2.0 1.6 0.6
TRIBUTARIES INUNDATED BY THE DEVIL CANYON RESERVOIR
Tota I Length
Inundated
0.2 miles
1.0
-
Devil Creek 1.4
Chinook Creek
(RM 157)1.3
Cheechako Creek
(RM 152.4)1.6
See Tables E.2.10 and E.2.11 for complete list of tributaries to be
inundated,and Figures E.3.21 and E.3.23 for locatIons.
2 May-June =Arctic grayling spawning and incubation perIod.
-
-
")i '1 -.--1 !1 -.]1 1 J -1 -J 1 ~---lJ"
TABLE E.3.29:COMPARISON OF AVERAGE MONTHLY SlREAMFLOWS AT SUNSHINE
DURING INITIAL FILLING OF WATANA RESERVOIR*
Month Pre-ProJect Proposed MIn i mum Forecast S1:reamf low
<cfs)<cfs)1st yr %Change 2nd yr %Change 3rd·yr %Change
<cfs)<cfs)<cfs)
OCT 13700 10100 --12400 -9 10100 -26
NOV 5800 4400 --5800 0 5800 0
DEC 4200 3400 --4200 0 4200 0
JAN 3500 3000 --3500 0 3500 0
FEB 3000 2700 --3000 0 3000 0
MAR 2600 2500 --2600 0 2600 0
APR 3200 2800 --3000 -6 3200 0
MAY 27700 20400 24200 -13 20400 -26 20400 -26
JUN 64200 42300 58200 -9 42300 -34 43100 -33
JUL 63200 45800 46600 -26 45800 -28 45800 -28
AUG 55900 46400 51200 -8 46400 -17 45800 -13
SEPT 32300 28400 28400 -12 28400 -12 32300 0
AVERAGE
ANNUAL 23300 17700 20400 -12 18200 -22 18300 -21
*Under medIan flow condItions.
TABLE E.3.30:COMPARISON OF AVERAlOC:MONTHLY SlREAMFLOWS AT SUSITWI STATION
DURING INITIAL FILLING OF WATANA RESERVOIR*
Month Pre-Pro lect Proposed Minimum Forecast Streamf low
Ccfs)Cets)1st yr %Change 2nd yr %Change 3rd yr %Chanqe
Cds)Cds)Cds)
OCT 30100 26400 30100 0 28700 -5 26400 -12
NOV 12700 11200 12700 0 12700 0 12700 0
DEC 8200 7400 8200 0 8200 0 8200 0
JAN 7900 7500 7900 0 7900 0 7900 0
FEB 7000 6800 7000 0 7000 0 7000 0
MAR 6300 6200 6300 0 6300 0 6300 0
Am 7000 6600 7000 0 6800 -3 7000 0
MAY 60500 53100 56900 -6 53100 -12 53100 -12
JUN 123700 101800 118000 -5 101800 -18 102600 -17
JUL 131900 114600 115400 -13 114600 -13 114600 -13
AUG 110800 101400 106200 -4 101400 -8 103500 -7
SEPT 66000 62100 62100 -6 62100 -6 66000 0
A VERA lOC:
ANNUAL 47700 42100 44800 -6 42600 -11 42900 -10
*Under median flow conditions.
I J I )J ]I J J I J 1 J J
'~"1•"t
"i"J 1 1 ]J }1 1 1 )
TABLE E.3.31:MAJOR IMPACT ISSUES DURING OPERATION OF WATANA RESERVOIR REGARDING
SALMONIDS IN THE TALKEETNA-TO-DEVIL CANYON REACH
Reduced Reduced Increased
Passage Passage Slough Ground Reari ng Over-Winter Decreased Decreased Downstream Downstream
Into Into Spawn i ng Water in wintering Water Mainstem Ma instem Passage in Passage
Species Slou~hs Tributaries Habitat Upwel I inQ Ma i nstem Habitat Temp.Turbiditv ScourinQ Ma instem from SJoUQhs
Chum
-Adult -0 ---
-Embryo --+
-Juven i Ie 0 0 -
Sockeye I
-Adult ---
-Embryo --
-Juven i Ie -0 -+0 -
Ch inook
-Adult 0 0
-Juveni Ie 0 0 ++++0 0 0
Coho
-Adu It 0 0
-Juveni Ie 0 0 ++++0 0 0
Pi nk
-Adu It -0 -0
-Embryo 0 -+
-Juvenile 0 -0 --
Ra i nbow
Trout
-Adu It -0 0 0 +++0 0 0
-Juveni Ie 0 0 0 ++++0 0 0
Note:0 =no impact
+=beneficial impact
- =adverse impact
blank =not present in the habitat considered.
-
-
TABLE E.3.32:COMPARISON OF AVERAGE MONTHLY STREAMFLOWS AT GOLD
CREEK STATION UNDER OPERATIO~OF WATANA DAM
Month Pre-Project Post-Project %Change
(efs)(cfs)-
OCT 5700 8000 +40
NOV 2500 9200 +268 ~
DEC 1800 10700 +494
JAN 1500 9700 +547
FEB 1200 9000 +650
MAR 1100 8300 +655
APR 1400 7700 +450
MAY 13200 10400 -22
~
JUN 27800 11400 -59
JUL 23900 9200 -62
AUG 21700 13400 -38 ~
SEPT 13300 9800 -26 ..
"""
-
-
C"'..
TABLE E.3.33:COMPAR ISON OF AVERAGE MJNTHL Y STREAMFLOWS AT
SUNSHINE STATION UNDER OPERATION OF WATANA DAM
"""
Month Pre-Proj ect Post-Project %Change
(cfs)(cfs)
OCT 13700 16000 +17
NOV 5800 12400 +114,..,.
DEC 4200 13000 +210
JAN 3500 11700 +234
FEB 10600 +266
MAR 2600 9800 +277
APR 2900 9500 +206
MAY 27700 24900 -10
JUN 64500 47900 -26
JUL 63300 48300 -24
AUG 56500 47400 -16
SEPT 32700 29000 -11
,..,.
TABLE E.3.34:COMPARISON OF AVERAGE MONTHLY STREAMFLOWS AT
SUSITNA STATION UNDER OPERATION OF WATANA DAM
fIllM
Month Pre-Proiect Post-Project %Change
(cfs (cfs)
OCT 30400 32400 +7
NOV 12800 19200 +50
DEC 8300 17000 +105
JAN 8000 16100 +101
FEB 7100 14700 +107 """1
MAR 6300 13500 +114
APR 7000 13300 +90 -
MAY 60800 57600 -5
JUN 124500 107400 -14 ~
JUL 132400 117000 -12
AUG 1 12000 102300 -9
"""'1
SEPT 66800 62600 -6
"""'I
-
TAB LE E.3.35:C()1PAR I SON OF AVERAG::MONTHLY STREAMFLOWS AT ro LD CREEK
OF THE TWO OPERATIONAL WATANA AND DEVIL CANYON DAMS
%Chan~e Compared to:
r-Pre-Watanal Pre-I
Month Project Watana Alone Devil Canyon Pro.lect Watana Alone
(cfs)(cf s)(cfs)
~
8,000 7,800 +37 - 3OCT5,700
NOV 2,500 9,200 9,600 +284 + 4
DEC 1,800 10,700 11,300 +528 + 6
JAN 1,500 9,700 10,600 -+607 + 9
FEB 1,200 9,000 10,200 +750 +13
MAR 1,100 8,300 9,300 +745 +12
AFR 1,400 7,700 8,100 +479 + 5
MAY 13,200 10,400 8,700 -34 -16
JUN 27,800 11,400 9,900 -64 -13
JUL 23,900 9,200 8,400 -65 - 9
AUG 21,700 13,400 12,600 -42 - 6
SEPT 13,300 9,800 10,500 -21 + 7
l"""!
!
i
TABLE E.3.36:COMPARISON OF AVERAG:MONTHLY SlREAMFLOWS AT SUNSHINE
OF THE TWO OPERATIONAL WATANA AND DEVIL CANYON DAMS
%Chan~e Compared to:
Pre-Watana/Pre-""":
Month Project Watana Alone Dev!I Canyon Project Watana Alone
(cfs)(cfs)(cfs)
OCT 13,700 16,000 15,800 +15 - 1
NOV 5,800 12,400 12,900 +122 + 4
""'"DEC 4,200 13,000 13,600 +223 + 5
JAN 3,500 11,700 12,600 +260 + 8
FEB 2,900 10,600 11,800 +301 +11
MAR 2,600 9,800 10,700 +307 + 9
Affi 3,100 9,500 9,800 +216 + 3
MAY 27,700 24,900 23,200 -16 - 7
J\JIl 64,500 47,900 46,200 -28 - 4
~
JUL 63,300 48,300 47,600 -25 - 1
AUG 56,500 47,400 46,800 -17 - 1
SEPT 32,700 29,000 29,600 9 + 2
~-
-
-
""'"
-
"""
TAB LE E.3.37:CQ\1PARISON OF AVERA~MONTHLY STREAMFLOWS AT SUS ITNA
OF THE TWO OPERATIONAL WATANA AND DEVIL CANYON DAMS-
%Change Compared to:
Pre-Watanal Pre-
Month Project Watana Alone Devl I Canyon Project Watana Alone
(cf 5)(cfs)(cfs)
OCT 30,400 32,400 32,200 + 6 <1
NOV 12,800 19,200 19,800 +55 + 3
DEC 8,300 17,000 17,600 +112 + 4
JAN 8,000 16,100 17,000 +113 + 6
n FEB 7,100 14,700 15,900 +124 + 8
MAR 6,300 13,500 14,400 +129 + 7-AFR 7,000 13,300 13,600 +94 + 2r'
MAY 60,800 57,600 55,900 -8 - 3
"""JUN 124,500 107,400 105,700 -15 ...;2
JUL 132,400 117,000 116,300 -·12 + 1
AUG 112,000 102,300 101,700 -9 + 1
""'"SEPT 66,800 62,600 63,300 -5 + 1
-
~,'
TABLE E.3.38:IMPACT ISSUES AND FROPOSED MITIGATION FEATURES FOR ANTICIPATED FILLING AND
OPERATIONAL IMPACTS TO AQUATIC HABITATS,SUSITNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
OCCL RRENCE MITIGATION FEATURE
IMPACT Watana Dev II Canyon Watana Dev II Canyon
ISSUE DevE lopment DevE lopment Development Development
Fill inq Operation ,..i Illng Operation Filii nq Operation Filling Operation
Passage of Adult X X X -Downstream -Downstream -Downstream
Salmon release release release
Adverse Impacts to X X X -Downstream -Downstream -Downstream
Slough Hab i tat rei ease rei ease rei ease
-Slough mod 1--Slough modl--Slough modi-
fication f Icatlon flcatlon
-Rep I acement -Rep I acement -Rep I acement
habitat habitat hab i tat
through through through
mod I fication mod I flcatlon mod I f Ication
of side of side of side
channels channels channels
Loss of Side-ehannel X X X -Rep I acement -Rep I acement -Rep I acement
and Mainstem Salmon habitat habitat hab Itat
Spawn lng Areas through through through
mod I f I cation mod I flcatlon mod I fl cation
of side of side of side
channels channels channels
AI tered Therma I X X X Multiple level Multiple level
Reqlme outlet outlet
Gas Supersaturation X X Fixed cone FIxed cone
valves valves
Inundation of X X Gray ling Gray ling
Tributary Habitat propagation propagation
and restock-and restock-
Ing program i ng program
Out-migration of X X X Downstream Downstream Downstream
Ju ven I I e An ad romoUs release release release
Fish
I )I I J I J )J ))I .J
!]1 -1 'J 1 J 1 -1 J
TABLE E.3.39:PROPOSED FISHERIES MITIGATIONS WITH ESTIMATED CAPITAL AND
ANNUAL OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE COSTS
Capital Costs (x 1000 Dollars)
Total $6,380
Mitigation Feature
Downstream Mltlgation 1
Protective Slough Berms
Restructured Slough Mouth
Lowered and Restr uctured
Slough Prof i Ie
Augmented Upwelling System
Side-Ghannel ScarifyIng
Slough Gravel Cleaning
Malnstem Spawning Bed
Impoundment Mitigation 2
Gray I ing Propagat~n Research
GraylIng Hatchery 3
Rainbow Trout Production
Number
Proposed
10
8
8
4
4
3
2
Labor
1,100
96
1,152
444
240
350
636
143
450
225
Materials
400
64
768
296
160
250
424
47
300
150
Total
1,500
160
1,920
740
400
600
1,060
190
750
357
Annual Operating and
Maintenance Costs (x 1000 dol lars)
75
8
96
37
20
600
80
Total 916
NA
110
38
4DamStructures
Multiple Level Intakes
Cone Valves -Watana
Cone Va I ves -Dev I I Canyon
1
6
7
18,400
47,100
14,600
Total $1,315
18,400
47,100
14,600
Total $80,100
Total 148
NA
NA
NA
Costing details are in Table E.3.45
Total for FIsheries Mitigation $87,795 Annual 0 &M 1,064
2 Assumes 3-year study,costing details are In Table E.3.45
~Addition to an existing facility,costing detal Is are In Table E.3.45
Costing details are In Exhibit D
TABLE E.3.40:SCHEDULE FOR IMPLEMENTING FISHERIES MITIGATION PROGRAM
-
-
Mitigation Measure
Construction Mitigation
Project Phase for
I mp Iementat i on
Year of Implementation
Des i gn or Construct ion
Planning or Starting
-I
Preconstruction Design
and Planning
Construction Monitoring
Operational Mitigation
Final Design
Watana Construction
1983
1984
(NA)
1985 -
Downstream Mitigation
Protective Slough Berms
Slough Mouth Excavation
Lowered and Restructured
Sloughs
Induced Upwel ling
SJde-Ghannel Scarifying
Slough Gravel Cleaning
Mainstream Spawning Beds
Impoundment Mitigation
Grayling Propagation
Research
Gray lin g Hatchery
Rainbow Trout Introductions
Multiple Level Intakes
Cone Valves
Operational Monitoring
Watana F i I ling 1985 1991
Watan a Fi I ling 1985 1991
Watana Fi I ling 1985 1991
Wat ana Fi I ling 1985 1991
Watana Fi II.i ng 1985 1991
Watana Fi II ing 1985 1991
Watana Fi I ling 1985 1991
Final Design 1983 1984
Watana Construction 1986 1989
Devi I Canyon Operat ion 2000 2002
Watana F i I ling 1984 1993 (on-\ine)
Watana 0 perat ion 1984 1994 (on-I i ne)
Watana F i I ling 1985 1991
-
-
-I
-
TABLE E.3.41:CONSlRLCT ION COSTS Fffi WATER Q.JALITY AND
FISHER IES MON ITffilNG IN 1982 DOLU\RS FRQ.1
1985 TO 2002
Management Field Labor Field Travel Total
Year ($70/hr)($50/hr)Equipment ($2OO/hr)(x 1000)
1985 1 140.000 240.000 15.000 9.600 404.6
1986 140.000 240.000 5.000 9.600 394.6
1987 140.000 240.000 5.000 9.600 394.6
19882 140.000 240.000 5.000 9.600 394.6
1989 210.000 720.000 40.000 19.200 989.2!ll\lI!-',1990 227.500 960.000 15.000 28.800 1.231.3
1991 227.500 960.000 5.000 28.800 1.221.3
1992 227.500 960.000 5.000 28.800 1.221.3
1993 175.000 720.000 5.000 19.200 919.2
1994 140.000 240.000 5.000 9.600 394.6
19953 140.000 240.000 5.000 9.600 394.6
1996 175.000 480.000 25.000 19.200 699.2
1997 175.000 480.000 5.000 19.200 679.2
1998 175.000 480.000 5.000 19.200 679.2
!"""!'1999 175.000 480.000 5.000 19.200 679.2
2000 175.000 480.000 5.000 19.200 679.2
2001 140.000 240.000 5.000 9.600 394.6
2002 140.000 240.000 5.000 9.600 394.6
r-
Total $12.165.1
1"-1 Construction of access road and facilities.
2 Construction of Watana Dam and facilities plus
transmission line.
r 3
I Construction of Devi I Canyon Dam and facilities
plus postconstruction monitoring of Watana facilities.
/"""I '
.".,.
""I"
!I
!O"'I
!!
TABLE E.3.42:ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME
STANDARDS FOR PASSING ARCTIC GRAYLING
TO BE USED ON SUSITNA HY9ROELECTRIC
PROJECT STREAM CROSSINGS
....,
Length of Cu I vert
(feet)
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
150
200
200
Average Cross-Section~1
Velocities at Outlet
(ft/sec)
4.6
3.8
3.2
2.8
2.6
2.3
2.1
2.0
1.8
1.8
1.8
2
Each culvert must be installed so that at least 20 percent of the diameter
of each round culvert or at least 6 inches of the height of each elliptical
or arch type culvert are set below the streambed at both the inlet and
outlet of the culvert except when using bottomless arch culverts or to avoid
solid rock excavation.
Average cross-sectional velocities at the outlet of the culvert may not
exceed the velocities in the table except for a period not exceeding 48
hours during the mean annual flood.
-
-
Source:Edfelt 1981 ""'"
....
-
-
Il""".
I
!
TABLE E.3.43:ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME
TEMPORARY STREAM DIVERSION STANDARDS
Temporary diversion channels in al I streams
frequented by fish must be constructed and
control led in the fol lowing manner:
(1)The width and depth of the temporary diversion channel must equal or exceed
75 percent of the width and the depth,respectively,of that portion of the
streambed which is covered by ordinary high water at the diversion site,
un Iess a lesser width or depth is spec if i ed by the department on the perm it
for activities undertaken during periods of lower flow;
(2)During excavation or construction,the temporary diversion channel must be
isolated from water of the stream to be diverted by natural plugs
(unaltered streambank)left in place at the upstream and dCltlnstream ends of
the diversion channel;
(3)The.diversion channel must be constructed so that the bed and banks will
not significantly erode at expected flows;
(4)Diversion of water flow into the temporary diversion channel must be
conducted by first removing the downstream plug,then removing the upstream
p lug,then closing the upstream end and the downstream end,respectively,
of the natural channel of the diverted stream;
(5)Rediversion of flow into the natural stream must be conducted by removing
the downstream plug from the natural channel and then the upstream plug,
then closing the upstream and the downstream end,respectively,of the
diversion channel;
(6)After use,the diversion channel and the natural stream must be stabilized
andrehabi I itated as may be specified by permit conditions.
Source:Edfelt (1981)
TABLE E.3.44:ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME
STANDARDS FOR BLASTING NEAR AN
ANADROMOUS FISH'STREAM
DISTANCE TO ANADROMOUS FISH STREAM MEASURED IN FEET 1
Explosive Charge Weight in Pounds
Substrate 2 5 10 25 100 500 1000
Rock 50 80 120 170 270 530 1180 1670
Frozen Material 50 70 110 160 250 500 1120 1580
Stiff Clay,Gravel,Ice 40 60 100 140 220 440 990 1400
Clayey Silt,Dense Sand 40 50 80 120 180 370 820 1160
Medi urn to Dense Sand 30 50 70 100 160 320 720 1020
Medium Organic Clay 20 30 50 70 100 210 460 660
Soft Organic Clay 20 30 40 60 100 190 440 620
Required distances for charge weights not set forth in this table must be
computed by linear intropolation between the charge weights bracketing the
desired charge if the charge weight is between one and 1000 pounds;example:
for 15 pounds 'elf explosive in rock substrate -required distance =
170 feet +~;:~~:~g :~:(270 feet-170 feet)=203 feet;
for charge weights greater than 1000 pounds,the required distance may be
determined by linear extropolatlon.
Source:Edfelt 1981
-
""'I
~I
-
-
TABLE E.3.45:COST ASSIJvlPr IONS LSED IN a::VELOPI NG ESTIMATED
COSTS FOR FISHERIES MITIGATIONS
Mitigation Feature
1.Protective Berm:
Cost
Assumes constructing a 5,000-cublc yard berm with an impermeable core at $30
per yard.
Construction
Labor 1
Material s
Maintenance 2
2.Restructured Slough Mouth:
Total
$110,000
40,000
$150,000
$7,500/year
Assumes excavating a 6-foot wide channel for a distance of 500 feet to a
depth of 3 feet wi th stab iii zat Ion al I owl ng an effect i ve depth of 2 feet at
$30 per yard.
Construction
Labor $12,000
M Materl al s 8,000
Total $20,000
Ma f ntenance 2 $1,000/year-
3.Lowered and Restructured Slough:
r--Assumes lowering a 30-foot wide channel for a distance of 1,200 feet to a
depth of 1.5 feet at $30 per yard.
Construction
Labor
Materi al s
Maintenance2
4.Au gmen ted Upwe I I r ng System:
Total
$72,000
48,000
$120,000
$6,000/year
Assumes cross pi pes for upwell ing every 5 feet for two 20G-foot sections at
a width of 30 feet located 300 feet from a water source.
Construct!on
II"""
i·
Labor
Mater!al s
Cross Pipes
Distribution and Control
Material Processing
2Maintenance
Total
$33,000
22,000
10,000
20,000
110,000
$185,000
$9,250
(Cont'd)
MitigatIon Feature
5.Slde-channel Scarifying:
Cost
Assumes scarifying a 30-foot wIde channel for a distance of 1,000 feet at
$30 per yard.
Construction
Labor
MaterIals
Malntenance2
6.Slough Gravel CleanIng:
Total
$60,000
40,000
$100,000
$5,000
Assumes cleaning a 30-foot wide channel for a distance of 1,200 feet to a
depth of 3 feet at $50 per yard.
Construct Ion
Labor
Materials
Total
$120,000
80,000
$200,000
....
7.Malnstem Spawning Bed:
Creation of a submerged bed to 60 feet wide and 1,000 feet long with 3 feet
of f ill at $80 per yard.
Construct i on
Labor
Materials
Total
Malntenance2
8.Grayling Propagation Research:
Assumes 2 research personnel 6 months/year for 3 years.
Labor
Materials
Total
9.Grayling Hatchery:
$318,000
212,000
$530,000
$26,500
$143,000
47,000
$190,000
Assumes It Is appended to an existing facility;costs are based on square
footage,Including the cost of one additional housing unit.
Construct Ion
Labor
Materials
Total
$450,000
300,000
$750,0003
.....
TABLE E.3.45 (Cont'd)
Mitigation Feature
Operation and Maintenance
Labor
Materials
Total
Cost
$78,000
32,000
$110,000 per year
PIant I ng Costs
10.Rainbow Trout Introductions:
$10,000 per year
Assumes the need to provIde production facIlities with half the capacity of
the gray II ng hatchery.
Construction
Labor $225,000
Materials 150,000
Total $375,000
Operation and Maintenance
Labor $35,000
Materials 3,000
Total $38,000
11.Aquatic Studies Program:
Continue aquatic studies durIng project construction.
Construction
Labor
Materi a Is
Operation
Labor
MaterIals
Total
Total
$5,000,000
1,000,000
$6,000,000
$394,800
116,600
$511,400
Includes equipment rental.
2 Average Annual Operating Cost.Yearly ,maIntenance Is not antIcipated;
mainTenance may be needed on a 3-5 year cycle.
3 Residence =$150,000
Hatchery =$600,000
TABLE E.3.46:ESTIMATED SQUARE FEET (f"SALMON SPAWNING
HAB I TAT MADE A VAl LAB LE BY M ITI GAT ION
PROCEDURES
-
Mitigation
Feature
Protective slough bern
Restructured slough mouth
Lowered and restructured slough
Augmented upwelling
Side-channel scarifying
Stough gravel cleaning
Ma I nstem spawn i ng bed
Total habitat reclaimed
Est imated
Habl tat Area
(square feet)
1
2
144,000
48,240
120,060__3
120,015
432,315
-
-
~Protects slough from malnstem flow during winter.
3Allows access to slough habitats.
Maintains Quality of slough spawntng gravels.
-
r~
~\
TABLE E.3.47:ANNUAL OPERATING COSTS Cf FISHERIE~
MONITORING PROGRAM IN 1982 DOLLARS
Task
Management and
Analysis
Adult and Smolt 2
Enumeration
Tal keetna to Dev i I
Canyon Production
MonItoring
ResIdent Fish
Stocking Program
Total Personnel Cost
Contractual Servrces
Mater i a's
AdmInistration and
Support Costs
Average Annual Fisheries
MonitorIng Costs
Total
Personnel
Months Per
Year
12
39
30
15
Personnel
Cost
(1982 Dollars)
48,000
116,500
92,100
45,900
302,500
56,900
59,700
92,300
511,400
1 Costs are based on 1982 Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies costs and the
estimated level of effort required to perform the rronltorlng studIes.
2 Assumes fish wheel s at Sunshine and Curry and a smolt trap at Curry.
TABLE E.3.48:VASCULAR PLANT SPECIES IN THE WATANA AND GOLD
CREEK WATERSHEDS AND DOWNSTREAM FLOODPLAIN WHICH
ARE OUTSIDE THEIR RANGE AS REPORTED BY HULTEN
(1968)(FROM MCKENDRICK ET AL~1982)
Middle and Upper Basin Extensions:-Equlsetum fluviatile
Lycopodium selago ssp.selago
Lycopodium complanatum
Plcea mariana*
Carex f i II fo Iia
~onia intermedla
Luzula wahlenbergll
Veratrum vlrlde
Llstera cordata**
Platanthera convallarlaefolla
Platanthera hyperborea
Platanthera dilatata
Echlnopanax horrldum
Senecio sheldonensis
Myrica gale*
Ranunculus occidental is
Potentilfa biflora
Rubus idaeus*
Rubus pedatus
Pedicularis kanei kanei
Pedicularls parvif~
Potamogeton robblnsii
Downstream Extensions:
Echlnopanax horridum
Rubus idaeus***
~us microcarpus
Galium triflorum
Alnus tenulfolia
Circaea alpina
Actaea rubra
Ribes hudsonianum***
ArniCa chamissonis
Swamp horseta i I
Fir clubmoss
Ground cedar
Black spruce
Thread-leaf sedge
Ii mber oatgrass
Wehlenberg woodrush
Helebore
Heart-leaved twlnblade
Northern bog-orchis
Northern bog-orchis
White bog-orchis
Devll's club
Sheldon groundsel
Sweet gale
Western buttercup
Two-flower cinquefoil
Raspberry
Flve-feaf bramble
Kane lousewort
Lousewort
Robbins pondweed
Devi I's club
Raspberry
Smal I-fruit bul Irush
Sweet-scented bedstraw
Thlnleaf alder
Enchanter's nIghtshade
Baneberry
Northern black currant
Arn lea
-
.....
*Viereck and Little (1972)include the upper Susltna River basin in
the range of this species.-**This species was recorded by the bird and small mammal survey group
from the University of Alaska Museum.
***Vlereck and Little (1972)include the downstream area in the range of
this species.
-
-
TABLE E.3.49:CANDIDATE ENDANGERED AND THREATENED PLANT TAXA*
SOUGHT IN THE WATANA AND GOLD CREEK WATERSHED
SURVEYS WITH NOTES ON THEIR HABITATS AND KNOWN
LOCALITIES (FROM MCKENDRICK ET AL.1982)
Species and Habitat
Smelowskla pyriformIs Drury &RollIns
North American endemIc
calcareous scree.talus.In upper Kuskokwim R.drainage
UnoffIcial Status**
Threatened specIes
Aster yukonensis Cronq.Endangered species
North American endemic
river banks.dry streambeds.river delta sands and gravels
Kluane Lake.Koyukuk River
Montia bostockll CA.E.Porslld)S.L.Welsh
North American endemIc
wet.alpine meadows.St.EI las Mtns ••Wrangell Mtns.
Endangered specIes
Papaver alboroseum Hult.Endangered species
Amphr-Berlnglan
well-drained alpine tundra.Wrangell Mtns ••St.EI las Mtns.
Cook Inlet lowlands.Alaska Range
Podistera yukonensis Math &Const.
North American endemic
S.-faclng rocky slopes.grasslands at low elevations.
Eagle area.Yukon border
Endangered species
SmelowskJa borealis (Greene)Drury &Rollins Endangered species
var.villosa
North American endemIc
alpine calcareous scree.Mt.McKinley Park,Alaska Range
Taraxacum carneocoloratum Nels.
North American endemic
alpine rocky slopes.Alaska Range.Yukon Ogilvie Mtns.
Other Endangered Species Possibilities
Cryptantha shackletteana
Erlogonum flavum var.aquliinurn
Erysimumasperum var.angustatum
Endangered species
Upper Yukon River
Eagle.Alaska
Upper Yukon River
*Information and status from Murray (1980).
**AII species are under revIew by the U.S.Fish &Wildlife Service for
inclusion in the Endangered Species Act of 1973.
TABLE E.3.50:VEGETATION TYPES (AND SAMPLE LOCATION NUMBERS)SAMPLED
IN WATANA AND GOLD CREEK WATERSHEDS
(FROM MCKENDRICK ET AL.1982
Vegetation Type Sample Location Number*
-.
-
Mat and cushion tundra
Sedge-grass tundra
Herbaceous tundra
Wet sedge-grass tundra
Open black spruce
Woodland black spruce
Open white spruce
Woodland white spruce
Closed birch forest
Open birch forest
Closed balsam poplar
Open balsam poplar
Closed aspen
Closed mixed conifer-deciduous forest
Open mixed conifer-deciduous forest
Closed tall shrub
Open ta II shrub
Mixed low shrub
Willow shrub
*Sample locations are given in Figure E.3.74
1-8
9-10
11
12-14
15-17
18-22
23-27
28
29-32
33-34
35-36
37
38
39-41
42-49
50-52
53
54-62
63-64
-
-
~i
-
-
TABLE E.3.51:HECTARES AND PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL AREA
COVERED BY VEGETATION TYPES IN THE
WATANA AND GOLD CREEK WATERSHEDS*
(FROM MCKENDRICK ET AL.1982)
Percent of
Vegetation Type Hectares**Total Area
Total Vegetation 1,387,607***85.08
Forest 348,232 21.35
Con ifer 307,586 18.86
Woodland spruce 188,391 11.55
Open spruce 118,873 7.29
Closed spruce 323 0.02
Dec i duous 1,290 0.08
Open birch 968 0.06
Closed birch 323 0.02
Mixed 39,355 2.41
Open 23,387 1.43
Closed 15,968 0.98
Tundra 394,685 24.20
Wet sedge-grass 4,839 0.30
(Mesic)sedge-grass 184,358 11.30
Herbaceous alpine 807 0.05
Mat and cushion 65,001 3.99
Mat and cushion/sedge-grass 139,680 8.56
Shrubland 644.690 39.53
Ta II shrub 129,035 7.91
Low shrub 515,655 31.62
Birch 33,549 2.06
Wit low 10,645 0.65
Mixed 471,461 28.91
Un vegetated 243,392 14.92
Water 39,840 2.44
Lakes 25,162 1.54
Rivers 14,678 0.90
Rock 113,712 6.97
Snow and ice 89,841 5.51
Total Area 1,630,999 100.00
*
**
Based on maps produced at a scale of 1:250,000.
Differences in resolution as a result of differences In scale may result
in some discrepancies for common areas between these figures and those
presented in Table E.3.52.
,.,..
I
I
***1 hectare =2.471 acres.
TABLE E.3.52:HECTARES AND PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL AREA COVERED BY
VEGETATION TYPES FOR THE AREA 16 km ON EITHER
SIDE OF THE SUSITNA RIVER FROM GOLD CREEK TO
THE MACLAREN RIVER*
(FROM MCKENDRICK ET AL.1982)
-!
Vegetation Type
Forest
Con i fer
Woodland spruce-black
Woodland spruce-white
Open spruce-black
Open spruce-white
Deciduous
Open birch
Closed birch
Closed balsam poplar
Mixed
Open conifer deciduous
Closed conIfer decIduous
Tundra
Wet sedge grass
Sedge grass
Sedge shrub
Mat and cushIon
Shrubland
Open ta II shrub
Closed tal I shrub
Birch shrub
Wi I low shrub
Mixed low shrub
Herbaceous
Grassland
Disturbed
Un vegetated
Rock
Snow and ice
Water
River
Lake
Total Area
Hectares**
142,306***
115,048
62,993
13,291
28,304
10,460
4,393
1,498
2,324
571
22,865
9,639
13,226
114,728
3,517
27,505
20,073
63,633
177 ,264
15,524
15,767
42,880
8,230
94,863
18
24
4,236
5,891
462,398
Percent of
Total Area
30.75
24.87
13.62
2.87
6.12
2.26
.94
0.32
0.50
0.12
4.94
2.08
2.86
24.81
0.76
5.95
4.34
13.76
38.34
3.36
3.41
9.27
1.78
20.52
0.01
0.23
0.01
5.83
3.59
0.05
0.92
~
""'"
'"""
~I
*
**
Based on maps produced at a scale of 1:63,360.
Differences In resolution as a result of dIfferences In map scale may
result In some discrepancies for common areas between these figures and
those presented In Table E.3.51.-***1 hectare =2.471 acres.
TABLE E.3.53:COVER PERCENTAGES FOR TOTAL VEGETATION.VERTICAL STRATA.AND PLANT
SPECIES IN OPEN CONIFER VEGETATION TYPE*IN WATANA AND GOLD CREEK
WATERSHEDS (FROM MCKENDRICK ET AL.1982)
Average
Category Cover**
(percent)
-
Total vegetation
Overstory (>10 OIl dbh)
Plceaglauca
Plcea mariana
Understory (2.5 -10 cm dbh)
Picea glauca
Plcea mariana
Shrub layer (>0.5 m tall.<2.5 OIl dbh)
Picea glauca
Picea mariana
Ground layer «0.5 m tal I)
Mosses,unidentified
Feather mosses
Pt iIi urn spp.
Empetrum nlgrum
Ledum decumbens
~nium uliginosum
Vaccinlum vitis-Idaea
Egulsetum arvense
Eguisetum silvaticum
Li nnaea borea lis
Picea mariana
~agrostis canadensis
WhIte spruce
Black spruce
White spruce
Black spruce
Wh ite spruce
Black spruce
Feather moss
Crowberry
Northern Labrador tea
Bog blueberry
Mountain cranberry
Meadow horseta i I
Woodland horsetail
Twinflower
Black spruce
BI uejoint
98
24
24
2
10
3
2
5
1
3
94
11
29
13
6
5
7
6
6
8
8
1
14
***
Number of areas sampled was 9.
Includes only those species with at feast 5 percent cover in anyone area
sampled.
TABLE E.3.54:COVER PERCENTAGES FOR TOTAL VEGETATION,VERTICAL STRATA,AND
PLANT SPECIES IN OPEN WHITE SPRUCE VEGETATION TYPE*IN WATANA
AND GOLD CREEK WATERSHEDS (FROM MCKENDRICK ET AL.1982)
~I
Category
Total vegetation
Overstory (>10 cm dbh)
Pica glauca
Understory (2.5 -10 cm dbh)
Picea glauct'itrii'US Slnu a a
Shrub layer (>0.5 m tall,<2.5 cm dbh)
Picea glauca
'1\TriliS c nspa
1rci'S8a'CIC'liI'8r i s
Ground layer «0.5 m tall)
Feather mosses
ptilium spp.
Equlsetum arvense
Egulsetum sllvatlcum
Llnnaea borealls
Betula 2landulosa
Rosa aClcular lS
t:aTamagrostls canadensis
White spruce
White spruce
Sitka alder
White spruce
American green alder
Prickly rose
Feather moss
Meadow horsetail
Woodland horsetail
Twinflower
Resin birch
Prickly rose
Bluejoint
Average
Cover**
(percent)
100
35
35
11
3
6
4
1
4
3
94
30
24
11
6
15
6
5
23
~I
-
,-
-
~
I
*Number of areas sampled was 5.
**Includes only those species with at least 5 percent cover in anyone area
sampled.
-
-
-
"""
TABLE E.3.55:COVER PERCENTAGES FOR TOTAL VEGETATION,VERTICAL STRATA,AND
PLANT SPECIES IN OPEN BLACK SPRUCE VEGETATION TYPE*IN WATANA
AND GOLD CREEK WATERSHEDS (FROM McKENDRICK ET AL.1982)
-Average
Category Cover**
(percent)
Total vegetation 96
Overstory (>10 cm dbh)14
Picea glauca White spruce 13
,.....P~cea mar~ana Black spruce 5
Understory (2.5 -10 cm dbh)10
Picea glauca .White spruce 4
P~cea mar~ana Black spruce 5-Shrub layer (>0.5 m tall,<2.5 cm dbh)7
Picea mariana Black spruce 8
Sahx spp.Willow 2
Ground layer «0.5 m tall)93
Mosses,unidentified 34
Feather mosses Feather moss 30
Cladonia spp.7
Em~etrum niSrum Crowberry 14
Le um decum ens Northern Labrador tea 14
Vacc~n~um uI~g~nosum Bog blueberry 10
Vacc~n~um v~t~s-~daea Mountain cranberry 15
Equ~setum s~lvat~cum Woodland horsetail 12
Sahx spp.Willow 7
P~cea mariana Black spruce 4
!"'"
,....
*Number of areas sampled was 3.
**Includes only those species with at least 5 percent cover in anyone area
sampled.
"""I
TABLE E.3.56:COVER PERCENTAGES FOR TOTAL VEGETATION,VERTICAL STRATA,AND PLANT
SPECIES IN WOODLAND CONIFER VEGETATION TYPE *IN WATANA AND GOLD
CREEK WATERSHEDS (FROM MCKENDRICK ET AL.1982)
-
Category
Total vegetation
Overstory (>10 crn dbh)
Pica glauca White spruce
Average
Cover**
(percent)
99
-
Understory (2.5 -10 cm dbh)
Picea mariana Black spruce
Shrub layer (>0.5 rn tall,<2.5 crn dbh)
Picea mariana Black spruce
12
11
17
15
Ground layer «0.5 m tall)
Feather mosses
Spharnum spp.
Emae rum niE!rum
[e urn decum ensreaumgroenlandicum
vaccrnlum uIIgInosum
EquIsetum slIvatIcum
Rubus arcbcus
~chamaemorus
Plcea marIana
Carex bIgelowii
Carex spp.
*Number of areas sampled was 6.
Feather moss
Sphagnum moss
Crowberry
Northern Labrador tea
Labrador tea
Bog blueberry
Woodland horsetail
Nagoonberry
Cloudberry
Black spruce
Bigelow sedge
Sedge
93
5
62
8
5
5
23
10
15
5
3
7
6
-
**Includes only those species with at least 5 percent cover in anyone area
sampled.
~I
TABLE E.3.57:COVER PERCENTAGES FOR TOTAL VEGETATION,VERTICAL STRATA,AND PLANT
SPECIES IN CLOSED BALSAM POPLAR FOREST VEGETATION TYPE*IN WATANA
AND GOLD CREEK WATERSHEDS (FROM MCKENDRICK ET AL.1982)
Category
Average
Cover**
(percent)
Total vegetation 99
80
1
75
5
5
10
5
85
20
5
3D
40
40
20
40
1
5
White spruce
Balsam poplar
Crowberry
Northern Labrador tea
Bog blueberry
Mountain cranberry
Bunchberry
Balsam poplar
Beauverd spiraea
overstory (>10 cm dbh)
Pica glatiCj
~lus a samifera
Understory (2.5 -10 cm dbh)
Populus balsamifera Balsam poplar
Shrub layer (>0.5 m tall,<2.5 cm dbh)
Populus balsamifera Balsam poplar
Ground layer «0.5 m tall)
Ptiliullf spp.
Polytnchum spp.
Em§etrum m'Srum
Le um decum ens
vaccrn1um ul1~1nosum
Vacc1n1um v1t1s-1daea
Cornus canadens1s
PDPUIUs balsam1tera
5p1raea beauverd1ana
....
*Number of areas sampled was 1.
**Includes only those species with at least 5 percent cover.
1"''''
,."..
TABLE E.3.58:COVER PERCENTAGES FOR TOTAL VEGETATION,VERTICAL STRATA,AND PLANT
SPECIES IN CLOSED BIRCH DECIDUOUS FOREST VEGETATION TYPE*IN WATANA
AND GOLD CREEK WATERSHEDS (FROM MCKENDRICK ET AL.1982)
Category
Total vegetation
Overstory (>10 cm dbh)
Pica glauca
Betul8"jj"a'j5Yr i fera
Understory (2.5 -10 cm dbh)
Picea glauca
Betula~ifera
Shrub layer (>0.5 m tall,<2.5 cm dbh)
Picea glauca
Bet uI arj"apyr'ifer a
Ground layer «0.5 m tall)
ptilium spp.
Polytnchum spp.
Vacclnlum uliginosum
Vacclnlum vltls-ldaea
Equlsetum sllvatlcum
Cornus canadensls
~grostls canadensis
Gymnocarplum dryopterls
Mertensla panlculata
*Number of areas sampled was 2.
White spruce
Paper birch
White spruce
Paper birch
rr t spruce
Paper birch
Bog blueberry
Mountain cranberry
Woodland horsetail
Bunchberry
Bluejoint
Oak-fern
Tall bluebell
Average
Cover**
(percent)
99
73
8
68
9
5
3
3
1
3
95
15
5
15
5
10
16
38
20
10
~I
-
-
**Includes only those species with at least 5 percent cover in anyone area
sampled.
....
TABLE E.3.59:COVER PERCENTAGES FOR TOTAL VEGETATION,VERTICAL STRATA,AND PLANT
SPECIES IN CLOSED ASPEN DECIDUOUS VEGETATION TYPE*IN WATANA AND
GOLD CREEK WATERSHEDS (FROM MCKENDRICK ET AL.19B2)
Category
Average
Cover··
(percent)
Overstory (>10 cm dbh)
Betula papyrifera
~s tremulo1des
Understory (2.5 -10 cm dbh)
Betula papyrifera
POpUlUs tremul01des
Shrub layer (>0.5 m tall,
Picea glauca
BerUIa papyrifera
~2landulosa
Rosa aC1cular1s
'SBITx spp.
~us tremuloides
Ground layer «0.5 m tall)
Ptilium spp.
Polytr1chum spp.
Ledum decumbens
V8CCIn1um ul1t1nosum
L1nnaea borea lS
Cornus canadenS1S
~sla pan1culata
Ep1lob1um angust1folium
Geocaulon Ilv1dum
Sp1raea beauverd1ana
Vacc1n1um v1tls-1daea
Betula nana
"ViD'iJITiuiiie'd"ul i s
Lycopod1um-annDtinum
[ycopod1um cIavatum
i·
I
-
Total vegetation
<2.5 cm dbh)
Paper birch
Trembling aspen
Paper birch
Trembling aspen
White spruce
Paper birch
Resin birch
Pr ickly rose
Willow
Trembling aspen
Northern Labrador tea
Bog blueberry
Twin flower
Bunchberry
Tall bluebell
Fireweed
Sandalwood
Beauverd spiraea
Mountain cranberry
Dwarf arctic birch
Highbush cranberry
Stiff clubmoss
Running clubmoss
99
80
5
80
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
85
5
5
20
10
5
80
5
5
5
5
10
5
5
5
5
*Number of areas sampled was 1•
•*Includes only those species with at least 5 percent cover.
TABLE E.3.6o:COVER PERCENTAGES FOR TOTAL VEGETATION,VERTICAL STRATA,AND PLANT
SPECIES IN OPEN MIXED CONIFER-DECIDUOUS FOREST VEGETATION TYPE*IN
WATANA AND GOLD CREEK WATERSHEDS (FROM MCKENDRICK ET AL.1982)
~I
Category
Total vegetation
Overstory (>10 cm dbh)
Picea glauca
Betula papyrifera
Understory (2.5 -10 cm dbh)
Picea glauca
Betula papyrifera
Shrub layer (>0.5 m tall,<2.5 cm dbh)
Picea glauca
tretUTa--pa:pyri fer a
SalIX novae-angllae
Ground layer «0.5 m tall)
Feather mosses
ptilium spp.
Emaetrum nigrum
Le um decum ens
V8CCInlum ullglnosum
Vacclnlum vltls-ldaea
Equlsetum sllvatlcum
Cornus canadensIs
rlcea glauta
!BI8ffiagros IS canadensis
Gymnocarplum dryopterls
White spruce
Paper birch
White spruce
Paper birch
White spruce
Paper birch
Tall blueberry willow
Feather moss
Crowberry
Northern Labrador tea
Bog blueberry
Mountain cranberry
Woodland horsetail
Bunchberry
White spruce
Bluejoint
Oak-fern
Average
Cover**
(percent)
100
38
20
12
7
5
1
17
2
2
11
79
lB
34
6
6
16
9
3
13
2
11
8
-
-
-
*Number of areas sampled was 8.
**Includes only those species with at least 5 percent cover in anyone area
sampled.
-
-
TABLE E.3.61:
Category
COVER PERCENTAGES FOR TOTAl VEGETATION,VERTICAL STRATA,AND PLANT
SPECIES IN CLOSED MIXED CONIFER-DECIDUOUS fOREST VEGETATION TYPE*
IN WATANA AND GOLD CREEK WATERSHEDS (FROM }lCT<ENDRICK ET Al.1982)
Average
Cover**
(percent)
Total vegetation
Overstory (>10 cm dbh)
Picea glauca
Betula papyrifera
Understory (2.5 -10 cm dbh)
Picea glauca
Betula papyri fera
Shrub layer (>0.5 m tall,<2.5 cm dbh)
Picea glauca
Ground layer «0.5 m tall)
Ptilium spp.
Empetrum nig{Um .
Vaccln1um V1 IS-ldaea
Egu1setum sllvatlcum
Cornus canadensIs
Rubus archeus
~agrostls canadensis
*Number of areas sampled was 3.
White spruce
Paper birch
White spruce
Paper birch
White spruce
Crowberry
Mountain cranberry
Woodland horsetail
Bunchberry
Nagoonberry
Bluejoint
98
60
33
35
8
3
4
4
3
88
40
3
B
24
n
7
30
**Includes only those species with at least 5 J1ercent cover in anyone a·rea
sampled.
TABLE E.3.62:COVER PERCENTAGES FOR TOTAL VEGETATION,VERTICAL STRATA,.AND
PLANT SPECIES IN WET SEDGE-GRASS TUNDRA VEGETATION TYPE*IN WATANA
AND GOLD CREEK WATERSHEDS (FROM MCKENDRICK ET AL.1982)-
Category
Total vegetation
Shrub layer ()0.5 m tall,(2.5 cm dbh)
Salix planifolia ssp.pulchra
Sahx spp.
Ground layer (0.5 m tall)
Mosses,unidentified
Sphagnum spp.
SalIx fuscescens
~agrostls canadensis
Carex aquablis
Carex bIgelowll
*Number of areas sampled was 3.
Diamondleaf willow
Willow
Sphagnum moss
Alaska bog willow
Bluejoint
Water sedge
Bigelow sedge
Average
Cover**
(percent)
99
13
8
5
86
20
22
5
14
38
23
-
-
**Includes only those species with at least 5 percent cover in anyone area
sampled.
-
-~
TABLE E.3.63:
Category
COVER PERCENTAGES FOR TOTAL VEGETATION,VERTICAL STRATA,AND
PLANT SPECIES IN MESIC SEDGE-GRASS TUNDRA VEGETATION TYPE*IN
WATANA AND GOLD CREEK WATERSHEDS (MCKENDRICK ET AL.1982)
Average
Cover'**
(percent)
l~
Total vegetation
Ground layer «0.5 m tall)
Polytrichum spp..
a~bigelowii
~spp.
*Number of areas sampled was 2.
Hairy-cap moss
Willow
Bigelow sedge
Sedge
65
65
5
13
30
4
**Includes only those species with at ~east 5 percent cover in anyone area
sampled.
TABLE E.3.64:PLANT SPECIES LIST OF ONE HERBACEOUS ALPINE TUNDRA ·STAND IN
WATANA AND GOLD CREEK WATERSHEDS (MCKENDRICK ET AL.1982)-
Category
Lycopodium alpinum
[ycopod~um annotlnum
[ycopodlum se1ago
Equlsetum spp.
Carex bl~elowii
Carex fl lfo1la
rrrophorum angustifolium
Calamagrostls purpurascens
Deschampsla caespltosa
Festuca rubra
Ph1eum c~atum
"JUrl'CUS spp.
Luzula confusa
Luzu1a tundncola
~is a1pestrls
Campanu1a laslocarpa
Aster slbincus
~isla arctlca
Petasltes frlgldus
SeneClO atropurpureus
Sedum rosea
'5'i'T'eii'e--acBij"1 i s
~sla 1apponica
Casslope tetrafona
EP1Io61um 1atl o11um
Po1emonlum acutlf10rum
Po1ygonum blstorta
Rumex arctlcus
~tum de1phinifolium
Anemone narclsslf10ra
Caltha~tosepala
~sor a stlpu1ata
Slb aldla procumbens
Sallx phlebophy11a
"5'iiI'iX porans
~retlculata
~rotundlfolia
~nla rlchardsonii
Saxlfraga trlcuspldata
Veronlca wormskJoldll
va1erlana capltata
Po1ytrlchum spp.
Common Names
Alpine clubmoss
St i ff clubmoss
Fir clubmoss
Horsetail
Bigelow sedge
Thread-leaf sedge
Tall cottongrass
Purple reedgrass
Tufted hairgrass
Red fescue
Timothy
Rush
Northern wood rush
Tundra woodrush
Forget~e-not
Mountain harebell
Siberian aster
Wormwood
Arctic sweet coltsfoot
Ragwort
Roseroot
Moss campion
Diapensia
Four-angle mountain-heather
Dwarf fireweed
Jacob's ladder
Meadow bistort
Arctic dock
Monkshood
AOemone
Mountain marsh~arigold
Si tka burnet
Sibbaldia
Skeletonleaf willow
Polar willow
NeUeaf willow
Least willow
Richardson boykinia
Three-tooth saxifrage
Alpine speedwell
Capitate valerian
Hairy-cap moss
,...
-
'"'"
-
-
TABLE E.3.65:COVER PERCENTAGES FOR TOTAL VEGETATION,VERTICAL STRATA,AND PLANT
SPECIES IN CLOSED MAT AND CUSHION TUNDRA VEGETATION TYPE*IN
WATANA AND GOLD CREEK WATERSHEDS (FROM MCKENDRICK ET AL.1982)
-,Category
Total vegetation
Ground layer «0.5 rn tall)
Lichens,unidentified
Cladonia spp.
Ern~etrurn nigrum
Le urn decurn ens
vaccrn~um ul~g~nosurn
Arctosta~hYlos spp.
Betula g andulosa
'BeUiIa nana
*Number of areas sampled was 8.
Crowberry
Northern Labrador tea
Bog blueberry
Bearberry
Resin birch
Dwarf arctic birch
Average
Cover**
(percent)
78
78
14
8
8
7
8
7
6
10
**Includes only those species with at least 5 percent cover in anyone area
sampled.
TABLE E.3.66:COVER .PERCENTAGES FOR TOTAL VEGETATION,VERTICAL STRATA,AND PLANT
SPECIES IN CLOSED TALL ALDER VEGETATION TYPE*IN WATANA AND GOLD
CREEK WATERSHEDS (fROM MCKENDRICK ET AL.1982)
Average
Category Cover**
(percent)
<2.5 cm dbh)
Total vegetation
Understory (2.5 -10 cm dbh)
Alnus sinuata
Alnus CrIspa
Shrub layer (>0.5 m tall,
Alnus sinuata
1iI'miS cr J.spa
RJ.bes spp.
Ground layer «0.5 m tall)
E9uisetum silvaticum
RJ.bes spp.
'AliiliS sinuata
t:aI8magrostls canadensis
Sitka alder
American green alder
Sitka alder
American green alder
Currant
Woodland horsetail
Currant
Sitka alder
Bluejoint
96
57
25
32
38
28
10
B
62
31
8
7
35
*Number of areas sampled was 3.
**Includes only those species with at least 5 percent cover in anyone area
sampled.
-
-
.....
TABLE E.3.67:COVER PERCENTAGES FOR TOTAL VEGETATION,VERTICAL STRATA,AND PLANT
SPECIES IN OPEN TALL ALDER VEGETATION TYPE*IN WATANA AND GOLD
CREEK WATERS~EDS (FROM MCKENDRICK ET AL.1982)
Average
Category Cover**
(percent)
.....
i
Total Vegetation
Overstory (>10 em dbh)
Plcea glauca
Understory (2.5 -10 em dbhl
Plcea glauca
Alnus slnuat-a
Ground layer «0.5 m tall
L1nnaea borealis
Alnus Sinuata
~a9rostls canadensis
*Number of areas sampled was 1.
White Spruce
White Spruce
Sitka alder
Twlnflower
Sitka alder
Bluejolnt
85
10
10
45
5
40
25
5
5
10
....
-,
-
**Includes only those species with at least 5 percent cover In anyone area
sampled •
TABLE E.3.68:COVER PERCENTAGES FOR TOTAL VEGETATION,VERTICAL STRATA,AND PLANT
SPECIES IN CLOSED LOW SHRUB VEGETATION TYPE*INWATANA AND GOLD
CREEK WATERSHEDS (fROM MCKENDRICK ET AL.1982)
-
AVi3rage
Category Cover**
(percent)
Total vegetation
Shrub layer (>0.5 m tall,<2.5 cm dbh)
Betula tlandulosa
Sal1x p an1fol1a ssp.pulchra
Ground layer «0.5 m tall)
Mosses,unidentified
Feather mosses
Emljetrum n~rum
[e urn decu ens
~groenlandicum
V8CCIn1um ul191nosum
Vacc1n1um v1t1s-1daea
Arctosta1hylos rubra
Betula g andulo~
1ret'i'iIa nana
Resin birch
Diamondleaf willow
Feather moss
Crol'tberry
Northern Labrador tea
Labrador tea
Bog blueberry
Mountain cranberry
Red-fruit bearberry
Resin birch
Dwarf arctic birch
93
42
10
8
52
17
6
7
18
4
8
8
6
34
9
-
*Number of areas sampled was 10.
**Includes only those species with at least 5 percent cover in anyone area
sampled.-
-
-
-
TABLE E.3.69:COVER PERCENTAGES FOR TOTAL VEGETATION,VERTICAL STRATA,,AND PLANT
SPECIES IN OPEN LOW SHRUB VEGETATION TYPE*IN WATANA AND GOLD
CREEK WATERSHEDS (FROM MCKENDRICK ET AL.1982)
-
Category
Total vegetation
Shrub layer (>0.5 m tall,<2.5 cm dbh)
Betula glandulasa
Ground layer «0.5 m tall)
Feather mosses
Ledum sraenlandicum
vaccrn~um ul~l~nosum
Betula glandu asa
Carex aquahhs
*Number of areas sampled was 2.
Resin birch
Feather moss
Labrador tea
Bog blueberry
Resin birch
Water sedge
Average
Cover**
(percent)
100
17
5
83
13
5
15
15
43
.....
**Includes only those species with at least 5 percent cover in anyone Brea
sampled •
TABLE E.3.70:AQUATIC PLANT SURVEY,SUSITNA HYDROELECTRIC PR~JECT,AUGUST 1980 (FROM MCKENDRICK ET AL.1982)
SPECIES Pond or Lake (I)
"TRUE"AQUATICS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Cllmaclum sp.--Moss d C*)c
Isoetes muricata --Quillwort 5
Equisetum fluviatile --Horsetai I d d d c d 5 S
Sparganlum angustlfollum --Bur reed c d d d d d d c d c c d s s c c c
Potamogeton sp.--Pondweed
(narrow-leaved)c c s
Potamogeton sp.--Pondweed
(broad-leaved)s s c d
Potamogeton robblnsll --Pondweed d
Potamogeton filiformis --Pondweed 5 s
Erlophorum sPP.--Cotton grass s
Carex aquatilis --Sedge d d c c d d c d
Nuphar polysepalum --Yel low pond Illy c d d d d d c d d d d c d d d d d
Ranunculus confervoldes --Buttercup c d d 5 S S 5
Potentilia palustrls --Marsh flveflnger s
Cal I Itrlche verna --Water starwort d
HI~VUlgaris --Mare's tall c c s d c c s s s
Menyanthes trlfollata --Buckbean s
UtrlcularJa ~arls --Bladderwort c d c c d d s s d
*d =dominant,c =common,s =sparse
)I J 1 I J J I J )J I .1 J .)-]
---~)..J .J
"I "]<"--.-"-J 1 J 1 1 1 1 -1 1 J I
TABLE E.3.70 (Contd.)
SPECIES Pond or Lake (I)
"BANK"SPECIES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Sphagnum spp.--Sphagnum moss c(*)d d
Equisetum fluviatile --Horsetail d d d s
Woodsia sp.--Wbodsia s
Calamagrostis canadensis --Reed d d d c c s
bent grass ,
Eriophorum spp.--Cotton grass d d c d d d c s d c
~sp.--Sedge d d d
~aquatilis --Sedge d d d d d d d d d d s d d d d d d d d d
Carex rhyncophysa --Sedge s s
Iris setosa --Iris s-----
Salix sp.--Willow c s s
Potentilla palustris --Marsh five finger c d c c d c c d c s s c d c
Andromeda polifolia --Andromeda c
Menyanthes trifoliata --Buckbean s c c d s c
* d =dominant,c =common,s =sparse
TABLE E.3.70 (Contd)
Pond or Lake II
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 2J 24
Total (*)Cover (lII)<1 <5 -0-1 --10-20 <5 -0-5 0-1 1-5 1-2 80-90 80-100 50-60 1-5 0-1 5-10 40-50 15 20-30 20-35 10-20
Surrounding
Wetland
Width
(Meters)0 2-3 -3-6 6-9 3-6 5-6 2-9 -15-30 0-3 15-25 3-5 15-30 15-25 30-45 3-15 1-2 2-3 0 6-9 12-15 3-6 2-3
Elevation
(feet)1950 1700 2300 2300 2180 2180 2800 1950 1950 1975 2300 2280 2410 2340 1850 2300 2060 2750 1800 3000 2250 2560 2575 2560
*data not recorded
J )]J J J .1 J J j .1 ....•.].J ...J J
TABLE E.3.71:HECTARES AND PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL AREA COVERED BY VEGETATIVE
COMMUNITY TYPES IN THE WATANA WATERSHED (MODIFIED FROM
MCKENDRICK ET AT.19B2,BASED ON MAPS AT A SCALE OF 1:250,000)
,....Vegetative Community Hectares Acres Percent of Total Area
Forest 310,155 766,393 21.29
conifer 300,931 743,600 20.66
woodland spruce 185,608 458,637 12.74
open spruce 115,001 284,167 7.89
closed,spruce 323 798 0.02
deciduous 1,290 3,188 0.09
open birch 968 2,392 0.07
closed birch 323 798 0.02
Mixed 7,933 19,602 0.54
open 7,817 19,316 0.54-closed 134 331 0.,01
Tundra 323,612 799,645 22.21
wet sedge 4,839 11,,95,;1 0.33
mesic sedge 183,834 454,254 12.62
herBaceous alpine 807 1,194 0.06
mat and cushion 51,690 127,726 3.55
mat and cushion/sedge 82,442 203,714 5.66
I"""Shrubland 595,519 1,471,527 40.88
tall shrub 93,379 2JO,74()6.75
low shrub 497,140 1,228,433 34.13
birch 20,520 50,705 1'.41
willow 10,645 26,304 U.73
mixed 465,975 1,151,424 31.99
Unvegetated 227,497 562,145 15.62
water 34,715 85,781 2.38
I""'"rock 103,063 254,669 7.07
snow and ice 89 1 720 221,698 6.16
Total'vegetated area 1,229,286 3,037,566 84.38
Total area 1,456,783 3,599,711 100.00
1""'"
.....
-
TABLE E.3.72:HECTARES AND PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL AREA COVERED BY VEGETATIVE
COMMUNITY TYPES IN THE GOLD CREEK WATERSHED (MODIFIED FROM
MCKENDRICK ET AT.1982,BASED ON MAPS AT A SCALE OF 1:250,000)
Vegetative Community Hectares Acres Percent of Total Area -
Forest 38,077 94,088 21.86
conifer 6,655 16,445 3.82
woodland spruce 2,783 6,877 1.60
open spruce 3,872 9,568 2.22
closed spruce
deciduous
open birch -closed birch
Mixed 31,422 77,644 18.04
open 15,570 38,474 8.94
closed 15,852 39,170 9.10 .,
Tundra 71,073 175,621 40.80
wet sedge
mesic sedge 524 1,295 0.30
herbaceous alpine
mat and cushion 13,311 32,891 7.64
mat and cushion/sedge 57,238 141,435 32.85
Shrubland 49,171 121,501 28.22 -tall shrub 30,656 75,751 17.60
low shrub 18,515 45,751 10.63
birch 13,029 32,195 7.48
willow
mixed 5,486 13,556 3.15 -
Unvegetated 15,895 39,277 9.12
water 5,125 12,664 2.94
rock 10,649 26,314 6.11 ~snow and ice 121 299 0.07
Total vegetated area 158,321 391,211 90.88
Total area 174,216 430,488 100.00
-
TABLE E.3.13:PERCENT COVER IN EARLY SUCCESSIONAL STANDS*ON DOWNSTREAM FLOOD-
PLAIN OF SUSITNA RIVER (FROM MCKENDRICK ET AL.1982)
Mean
Category Percent
Cover
-
-
,.....
I
1"""
Physical Features
Water
Bare ground
Gravel,cobbles
Vegetation Categories
Litter
Standing dead
Perennial grasses
Peren'n i a I forbs
Mosses
Lichens
Low shrubs
Ta II shrubs
Trees
Total vegetation
Vegetation by Species or Genus
Equisetum variegatum
Populus balsamifera
Sa I ix a laxens Is
Salix novae-angl iae-sarrx arbuscu 101 des
Salix sp.
'A'5"1Taga Ius sp.
Hedysarum sp.
Calamagrostis canadensis
Erlophorum sp.
Sclrpus sp.
Alnus tenulfolla
Alnus sinuata
A"rteiill s i a te Ies I i
Nephroma sp.
Variegated horsetail
Balsam poplar
Feltleaf wi Ilow
Tall blueberry wll row
Little tree willow
Wi flow
Milk-vetch
Sweet-vetch
.Bluejolnt
Cottongrass
Bullrush
Th 1nIeaf a Ider
Sitka alder
Worl!Jlriood
Nephroma
+
53
2
13
+
1
25
+
+
4
+
8
38
25
8
4
1
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
*Early successional stands were numbers 1,5,6,8,9,13,14, 15,20, 21,22,
and 25 shown in Figure E.3.34.Number of transects sampled was 42.
TABLE E.3.74:PERCENT COVER IN ALDER STANDS*ON DOWNSTREAM FLOODPLAIN
OF SUSITNA RIVER (FROM MCKENDRICK ET AL.1982)
Category
PhysIcal Features
Bare ground
Litter
Mean
Percent
Cover
1
99
Vegetat Ion Categor les
StandIng dead
Perennial grasses
Perennial forbs
Mosses
Lichens
Low shrubs
Ta II shrubs
Trees
Total vegetation
Vegetation bysyecies or Genus
Ca Iamagrost':·s ca "aden sis
Alnus tenulfoJi.a
AInus sl nuata
Vi"'6'iJi='"n um ed u Ie
Ep I lob i um--aii"9"Us t I fo I I um
PopUlUS b8llsamlfera
.>D.rtemlsla tllesll
Sa·;I'I,x a laxens I s
Sallx novae-angllae
Sa I Ix.sp.
steTT"ar Ia sp.
Epllobium latlfollum
Rosa acicularls
RI bas spp.
HeifYSarumsp.
Rubus arctlcus
Rubus Idaeus
Tri'eii"ta II s europaea
Ga Ilum sp.
Poa sp.
BlueJolnt
Thlnleaf alder
Sitka alder
Hlghbush cranberry
Flreweed
Balsam poplar
Wormwood
FeJtleaf willow
Ta t I bl ueberry willow
WII low
Starwort
Dwarf flreweed
PrIckly rose
Currant
Sweet-vetch
Nagoonberry
Raspberry
Arctic starflower
Bedstraw
Bluegrass
+
38
11
+
+
6
60
13
87
38
59
3
1
3
13
3
5
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
-
*Alder stands were numbers 2,19,23,and 27 shown In Figure E.3.34.
Number of 'transects samp,led was 20.
-
-
TABLEE.3.75:PERCE~T COYER IN ~MMATURE BALSAM POPLAR STANDS*ON DOWNSTREAM
fLOODPLAIN (FROM t-CKENORICK ET AL.1982)»
-
"""
Category
Physical Features
Vegetation Categories
litter
Standing dead
Perennial grasses
Perennial forbs
Mosses
Low shruhs
Ta II shrubs
Trees
Total vegetation
Mean
Percent
Cover
95
+
23
9
+
6
48
62
91
,....VegetatIon by SpecIes or Genus
Populus balsamifera
AI nus tenu I fo Ita
Alnus slnuata
~agrostTs canadensis
VI barnum adu Ie
Artemlsla tiles I I
Heradeum lanatum
Merteosla panlculata
Rosa ac leu lar Is
"'P'T"C8a:g Iaucasarrx,novae-aog Ii ae
"J5Yj='OTa secunda
Pyrola sp.
Rubus Idaeussanguisorbast I pu lata
Sa Ilum sp.
Matteuccla struttllepteris
Streptopus amplexlcaulls
Balsam poplar
Thlnleaf alder
Sitka alder
Bluejolnt
Highbush cranberry
Wormwood
Cow parsnip
Tal f bl uebell
Prickly rose
White spruce
Ta II blueberry willow
One-sided wintergreen
Wintergreen
Raspberry
Sitka burnet
Bedstraw
Ostrich fern
Cucumber-roof
62
40
8
23
3
3
1
1
:5
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
-
*Immature 'balsam poplar stands were numbers 10, 12,and 26 shown In
FIgure E.3.34.~mber of transects sampled was 18.
TABLE E.3.76:
Category
PERCENT COVER IN BIRCH-SPRl.X:E STANDS.ON DOWNSTREAM
FLOODPLAIN,SUMMER 1981 (FROM MCKENDRICKET AL.1982)
Mean
Percent
Cover
Vegetation Categories
Litter
Standing dead
Perennial grasses
Perennial forbs
Mosses
Low shrubs
Ta II shrubs
Trees
Total vegetation
Vegetation by Species or Genus
Betula papyrlfera
Plcea glauca
Alnus tenulfolla
Alnus srnuata
"VTi5iJr"num edu Ie
Ribes spp.
Rosa aclcularls
~ma9rostis canadensis
Dryopterls dllatata
Gymnocarplum sp.
Echlnopanax horrldum
Cornus canadensis
Mertensla panlculata
Rubus ldaeus
EpTTOb'lum angustlfollum
Eplloblum latlfoltum
Sa IIx novae-ang IIae
Rubus sp.
Rubus arcticus
TrlElrltalls europaea
Paper birch
White spruce
Thrnleaf alder
Sitka alder
Hlghbush cranberry
Currant
Prickly rose
BlueJolnt
Splnulose shIeld-fern
Oak-fern
Devr I 's club
Bunchberry
Tall bluebell
Raspberry
Flreweed
Dwarf flreweed
Ta II bl ueberry wi I low
Bramble
Nagoonberry
Arctic starflower
100
+
18
44
1
40
14
52
93
42
12
10
5
19
5
20
18
7
4
4
1
1
3
1
+
+
+
+
+-
*BIrch-spruce stands were numbers 4,1 I,and 29 shown In Figure E.3.34.
Number of transects sampled was 20.
-
-
TABLE E.3.77:HECTARES AND PERCENT Of TOTAL AREA COVERED BY VEGETATION
TYPES WITHIN THE HEALY TO fAIRBANKS STUDY CORRIDOR
(fROM MCKENDRICK ET AL.1982)
Vegetation Type*Hectares Acres Percent of Total Area
forest 86,830 214,557 77.9
Woodland spruce 1,812 4,477 1.6.....Open spruce 31,739 78,427 28.5
Closed spruce 1,347 3,328 1.2
Woodland deciduous 993 2,454 .9
~en deciduous 12,553 31,018 11.3-Closed deciduous 10,384 25,659 9.3
Woodland conifer-deciduous 961 2,375 0.9
Open conifer-deciduous 12,502 30,892 11.2
Closed conifer-deciduous 4,125 10,193 3.7
Open spruce/open deciduous 948 2,343 0.9 .
1"""~en spruce/wet sedge-grass/1,993 4,925 1.8
open deciduous
Open spruce/low shrub/wet 7,008 17,317 6.3
sedge-grass/open deciduous
Open spruce/low shrub 465 1,149 0.4
Tundra 4,407 10,890 3.9
Wet sedge-grass 2,268 5,604 2.0
Sedge grass 277 684 0.2
Sedge shrub 566 1,399 .5
Sedge-grass/mat and cushion 1,296 3,202 1.2
Shrubland 17,199 42,499 15.4
F""Low mixed shrub 15,405 38,066 13.8
Willow shrub 58 143 .05
Low shrUb/wet sedge-grass 1,736 4,290 1.6
Agricultural land 175 432 .2~
Disturbed 431 1,065 .4
Unvegetated 2,467 6,096 2.2
~Lakes 196 484 .2
River 2,143 5,295 1.9
Gravel 128 316 .1
Total Area 111,509 275,539 100.0
*The Tanana Flats portion of the transmission corridor is an area of
extremely complex mosaics of various vegetation types.As a result,
various complexes were recognized.
f"'"
TABLE E.3.78:HECTARES AND PERCENT OF TOTAL AREA COVERED BY VEGETATION
TYPES WITHIN THE WILLOW TO CDoK INLET STUDY CORRIDOR
(FROM MCKENDRICK ET AL.1982)
Vegetation Type Hectares Acres Percent of Total Area -
Forest 25,851 63,878 67.0
Woodl8l1llil $pruce 2,457 6,071 6.3
Open spI'tlce 3,402 8,406 8.8
Closed spruce 3,226 7,971 8.4
Open birch 16 40 .04
Closed birch 3,638 8,989 9.4
Open balsam poplar 100 247 .3
Closed balsam poplar 172 425 .5
Open conifer-deciduous 1,697 4,193 4.4
Closed conifer-deciduous 11,143 27,534 28.9
Wet sedge-grass 9,123 22,543 23.7 ,-
Shrubland 2,213 5,468 5.7
Closed tall shrub 92 227 .2
Low mixed shrub 2,121 5,240 5.5
Lakes 1,011 2,498 2.6
Disturbed 381 941 1.0
Total Area 38,579 95,328 100.0
-
-
"'"'I
-
-
1"""1
-
1"""'
TABLE E.3.79:AREAS OF DIFFERENT VEGETATION TYPES TO BE CROSSED
BY WILLOW-TO-HEALY TRANSMISSION CORRIDOR*
Proportion of
Total Area
Cover Type Hectares Acres Cleared
Moist tundra 37.5 92.8 1.5
Wet tundra 77.6 191.6 3.1
Alpine tundra 17.5 43.3 0.7
Bottomland spruce-
poplar forest 215.2 531.8 8.6
Upland spruce-
hardwood forest 1168.7 2888.0 46.7
Lowland spruce-
hardwood forest 608.1 1502.7 24.3
Shrublands 290.3 717.3 11.6
Low brush,muskeg bog 87.6 216.4 3.5---
Total:2502.6 6183.8 100.0%
*Calculated from data in Table 22 from Commonwealth Associates (1982).
The values here represent the additional clearing of the corridor to 91 m
(300 ft)from the 33 m (110 ft)given by Commonwealth Associates (1982).
TABLE E.3.80:AREAS OF EACH VEGETATION TYPE TO BE CROSSED BY
WATANA-TO-GOLD CREEK TRANSMISSION CORRIDORS,AND
PERCENT TOTAL*FOR WATANA AND GOLD CREEK WATERSHEDS
-
-
'"""
-
TABLE E.3.81:VEGETATION AND WETLAND CLASSES FOUND IN THE PROPOSED
SUSITNA IMPOUNDMENT AND BORROW AREAS
-
r
Mapping Unit
(Viereck &Dyrness 1980)
Lakes,ponds
Rivers,streams
Wet sedge-grass
Low shrub
Birch shrlb
Willow shrub
Open black spruce
Wbodland black spruce
Open white spruce
Closed white spruce
Open balsam poplar
Closed balsam poplar
FWS Wetland Class
(Cowardin et al.1979)
Lacustrine unconsolidated
bottom,aquatic bed,.
unconsolidated shore
Riverine UPper Perennial
rock bottom,unconsolidated
bottom,rocky shore,
unconsolidated shore
Palustrine or Lacustrine
emergent
Palustrine scrub-shrub
Palustrine scrub-shrub
Palustrine scrub-shrub
Palustrine forested
Palustrine forested
Palustrine forested
Palustrine forested
Palustrine forested
Palustrine forested
TASLE E.3.82:HECTARES OF DIFFERENT WETLAND TYPES·SY PROJECT COMPONENT (FROM MCKENDRICK ET AL.1982)
WATANA FACILITY
BORROW AREAS
Wetland Type
Palustrine
forested
Palustrine
scrub-shrub
Pa I ustr Ine
emergent
Lacustrl ne
emergent
Lacustr I ne
Riverine
Total
Impoundment,
Dam and Spillways
7,408
1,126
139
4
54
2,182
10,913
Camp,Village
and Airstrip
142
8
150
A
252
62
8
322
o
16
212
8
236
E
133
133
F
80
·199
279
H
345
38
383
15
15
Wetland Type
Palustrine
forested
Palustrine
shrub-scrub
Pa I ustrl ne
emergent
Lacustrl ne
emergent
Lacustr Ine
Riverine
Total
Impoundment,
Dam and Sp'Ilways .
800
43
12
1
810
1,666
DEVIL CANYON FACILITY
Camp and Village
-0-
Borrow Area K
11
29
40
*Wetland types according to Cowardln et al.(1979).
J )J J I J J I )J j J J ]1 J
~~~1I -~J --1 -1 J -~~]~l )~I 1 ~}11 J ]I .
TABL~E.3.831 HECTARES OF DIFFERENt VEGETATION TYPES TO BE IMPACTED aY THE WATANA
FACILITY COMPARED WITH TOTAL HECTARES OF THAT TYPE UPSTREAM OF
GOLD CREEK IN THE SUSITNAWATERSHED AND IN THE AREA WITHIN 16 km OF
THE SUSITNA RIVER-(MODIFIEDFROMMCKEND~ICK ET AL.1982)
11798 3.4 8.3
4297 3.1 6.8
537 3.1 4.0
3000 4.0 10.6
844 4.0 8.0
326 33.7 21.8
478 148.0**20.5
3 ***0.5
1480 6.4 15.4
833 5.2 6.3
162 0.1 0.1**
92 1.9 2.6
70 0.1 0.1**
2449 0.4 1.4
234 0.4 1.5
317 ***2.0
813 2.4 1.9
87 0.8 1.0
953 0.2 1.0
45 ***250.0**
2128 0.8 7.9
62 0.1 0.4
2019 13.7 47.7
47 0.2 0.8
16582 1.0 3.6333287180280489341770631473693
Percent of PercentlD1
Borrow Areas l Watershed 16 km*
Dam and Total For Area For
VegetatIon Type Spillways Impoundment Camp Village Airstrip A D E F H I Total That Type That Type
Forest 34****10784 181 53 180 81 451 34
Wbodland spruce-
black 8 3870 179 16 224
Woodland spruce-
wh I fe 397 71 69
Open spruce-black 2864 121 15
Open spruce-wh Ite 769 2 62 11
Open birch 1 325
Closed birch 13 460 5
Closed balsam poplar 3
Open con I fer'-
dec 1duous 5 1337 32 106
Closed conlfer-
deciduous 7 759 47 1 19
Tundra 84 70 8
Wet sedge-grass 84 8
Sedge-grass
Sedge shrub
Mat and cushion 70
Shrubfand 46 1674 63 62 17 81 224 199 38
Open ta II shrub 6 227 1
Closed tall shrub 17 287 1 12
Birch shrub 1 443 34 35 13 4 88 195
Willow shrub 66 4 17
Mixed low shrub 22 651 29 27 4 75 124 21
Herbaceous 45
Grassland
Disturbed
Un vegetated 13 2104 8 1 2
Rock 1 59 2
Snow and Ice
River 12 2007
Lake 38 8 1
Tota I
***
***
**11*
Area given is above maxImum Impoundment fl II level.
An area 16 km (10 ml)on either side of the Susltna River from Gold Creek to the mouth of the Maclaren River.
Hectares are apparently greater in the Impact areas than for the entire basin,because the basin was mapped at a much smaller
scale,and many of the stands did not appear at that scale.
Areas of thIs type were too smal I to be mapped at the scale at which the watershed was mapped.
1 hectare =2.471 acres.
TABLE E.3.84:HECTARES OF DIFFERENT VEGETATION TYPES TO BE AFFECTED BY THE DEVIL
CANYON FACILITY COMPARED WITH TOTAL HECTARES OF THAT TYPE IN THE
WATANA AND GOLD CREEK WATERSHEDS AND IN THE AREA WITHIN 16 km OF THE
SUSITNARIVER.(MODIFIED FROM THE MCKENDRICK ET AL.1982)
Percent o-f--Percent-or
Watershed 16 km*
Dam and Borrow*·***Tota I For Area For
Vegetation Type Spillways Impoundment Camp Village Area K Total That Type That Type
Forest
Woodland spruce-black
Woodland spruce-whlte
Open spruce-black
Open spruce-white
Open birch
Closed birch
Open balsam poplar
Closed balsam poplar
Open conlfer-
deciduous
Closed conlfer-
deciduous
Tundra
Wet sedge-grass
Sedge-grass
Sedge shrub
Mat and cushIon
Shrub land
Open ta II shrub
Closed ta II shrub
Birch shrub
Willow shrub
Mixed low shrub
Herbaceous
Grassland
DI sturbed
Un vegetated
Rock
Snow and Ice
River
Lake
Total
16··..
4
3
7
2
2
18
2289
133
20
300
329
57
430
6
8
279
727
11
11
70
2
1
49
14
4
826
15
810
1
3 196
36
,
36
36
39
39
39
119
11
108
18
18
11
11
148
2 499
133
20
315
329
57
433
6
8
286
912
11
11
88
2
1
67
14
4
839
15
811
13
3 437
0.7
0.3
0.3
1.3
1.3
5.9
133.7**
.**
*.*
1.2
5.7
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.3
0.0
5.6
0.1
0.2
1.8
0.2
0.2
1.1
3.2
3.8
18.6
1.4
3.0
6.9
0.0
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.0
3.1
0.1
19.2
0.2
0.7
*
**
An area 16 km (10 ml)on either side of the Susltna River from Gold Creek to the mouth of the Maclaren
River.
Hectares of closed birch are apparently greater In the Impact areas than for the entire basin.because the
bas J n was mapped at 'a much sma,11 er sca Ie.and many of the closed birch stands did not appear at that
scale.*-*Ba Isam pop Iar stands were to sma II to be mapped at the sca,\~at wh Ich the watershed was mapped.
••••1 hectare =2.471 acres.'•••••Borrow area G (not included)wll I consist of approximately 22 ha with stands of woodland and open black
spruce.closed mixed forest.and open tall shrub.
j J J I J ]I 1 I J J J J J J 1 I
TABLE E.3.85:AREAS OF EACH VEGETATION TYPE TO BE CLEARED FOR ACCESS.
AND PERCENT TOTAL*FOR WATANA AND GOLD CREEK 'WATERSHEDS
Dena II Highway Watana to Dev II Canyon
to Watana Dev II Canyon to Gold Creek
(Road)**(Road)**(Ra II road)***
Vegetation Type ha acres %ha acres %*ha acres %*
Forest 0.3 0.9 0.0 37.4 92.4 0.0 28.3 70.0 0.0
Woodland white spruce 14.1 34.8 0.0
Open white spruce 0.3 0.9 0.0 3.7 9.1 0.0
Open black spruce 1.5 3.7 0.0
Open birch 0.6 1.5 0.1
Closed birch 0.7 1.7 0.8
Closed balsam poplar 0.3 0.7 ****
Open mixed 4.2 10.4 0.0 5.7 14.1 0.0
Closed mixed 14.7 36.3 0.1 20.2 50.0 0.3
Shrubland 138.8 342.8 0.1 90.8 224.3 0.0
Closed tall 24.8 61.3 0.0
Low (bIrch)50.6 125.0 0.2 12.4 30.6 0.0
Low (wi 1.low)73.5 181.6 0.7 48.4 119.6 0.5
Low (mixed)14.7 36.3 0.0 5.2 12.8 0.0
Tundra 53.4 131.9 0.0 61.1 150.9 0.0 0.8 2.0 0.0
Wet sedge-grass 10.2 25.2 0.2 0.8 2.0 0.0
Sedge-grass 15.1 37.3 0.0 10.4 25.7 0.0
Sedge shrub 16.7 41.3 ****
Mat and cushIon 28.1 69.4 0.0 34.0 84.0 0.1
TOTAL 192.5 476.5 189.3 467.6 29.1 72.0
*Percent of total area of each vegetation type In entire Watana and Gold Creek watersheds,based
on 1:250.000-scale mapping (McKendrick et al.1982).
**Based on clearing width of 120 ft.
***Based on clearing width of 50 ft.
****Data not available for entire Watana and Gold Creek watersheds.
I""'l
TABLE E.3.86:AREAS OF DIFFERENT VEGETATION TYPES TO BE
CROSSED BY TRANSMISSION CORRIDORS*
....
Healy to Willow to Cook
Vegetation/Habitat Fairbanks Inlet Total
Type ha ha acres ha -acres acres
Forest 1150.7 2843.4 535.3 1322.9 1686.0 4166.3
Woodland spruce-black
33.3 82.2 15.5 38.2 48.8 120.4
WOodland spruce-white
Open spruce-black -514.1 1270.2 73.5 181.6 587.6 1451.8
Open spruce-white
Closed spruce 55.9 138.2 46.3 113.9 102.2 252.1
Open deciduous 112.4 277.6 112.4 277.6
Closed deciduous 55.9 141.5 55.9 141.5 -Open brich
Closed birch 86.1 212.8 86.1 212.8
WOodland conifer-
deciduous 21.6 53.4 21.6 53.4
Open conifer-deciduous 188.3 465.2 83.9 207.3 272.2 672.5
Closed conifer-
deciduous 45.2 111.6 228.9 568.3 274.1 679.9
Open spruce/open
deciduous 23.1 57.0 23.1 57.0
Open spruce/wet
sedge-grass/
open deciduous 32.2 79.6 32.2 79.6
Open spruce/low shrub/....,
wet sedge-grass/,
open deciduous 52.5 129.8 52.5 129.8
Open spruce/low shrub 14.7 36.4 14.7 36.4
Tundra 37.2 91.8 75.5 186.6 112.7 278.4
Wet sedge-grass 23.3 55.2 75.5 186.6 98.8 241.8 -,
Sedge-grass 7.5 18.4 7.5 18.4 I
Sedge shrub 7.4 18.2 7.4 18.2
Shrub land 231.7 572.4 37.7 93.2 269.4 665.6
Open tall shrub
Closed tall shrub
Birch shrub
Low mixed shrub 220.6 54S.1 37.7 93.2 258.3 638.3
Low shrub/wet
sedge-grass 11.1 27.3 11.1 27.3 ~
Disturbed 9.3 22.9 9.3 22.9
Unvegetated 13.8 34.1 0.9 2.3 14.7 36.4
Lakes 2.7 6.7 0.9 2.3 3.6 9.0
Rivers 11.1 27.3 11.1 27.3------
Totals:2875.7 7105.7 1299.0 3209.3 4174.7 10315.7
*Calculated from values in Table 53 in McKendrick et ale (1982)•Right-of-way width was adjusted to 91 m ~
(300 ft)along the entire transmission corridor.
TABLEE.3.B7:COMPARISON BETWEEN AERIAL HABITAT CLASSIFICATIONS AND
THOSE OF VIERECK AND DYRNESS (1980)USED TO CLASSIFY
OBSERVATIONS OF RADIO-COLLARED MOOSE IN THE NELCHINA
Ar-o susnm RIVER BAS INS OF SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA FROM
1977 THROUGH MID-AUGUST
(from ADF&G 1982a)
Aer la I Habitat
Classifications
Dense ta II ·spruce
(white or unknown)
Medium density,tal I
height spruce (white or
unknown)
Sparsely dense tall
spruce (wh ite or unknown)
Dense medium height spruce
(white,black or unknown)
Medium densIty,medIum
height spruce (white,
black or unknown)
Sparsely dense,medium
height spruce (white,black
or unknown)
MedIum densIty,short spruce
(black or unknown)
Sparsely dense short spruce
RIparian wIllow
Up land wIllow &brush
Aspen
RiparIan hardwood or
unIdentIfIed
Alder
Rock/Ice
'Eq;O,lvalent Classification fran
Viereck and Dyrness (1980)
Open white spruce
Open white spruce,open mixed forest,
closed mixed forest
Woodland whIte spruce,open mixed
forest,c~osed mixed forest
Open black spruce
Open black spruce,open mIxed forest,
closed mixed forest
Woodland whIte spruce,open mixed
forest,closed mIxed forest
Open bla~k spruce,open mixed forest,
closed mIxed forest
Wood land black spruce,open mIxed
forest,closed mIxed forest
WI t low shrub,wet sedge-grass tundra
Willow shrub,sedge shrub tundra,
mixed low s'hrub
Closed balsam poplar
Open bl rch forest,closed bIrch forest
Closed ta II shrub,o.pen ta II shrub,
wIllow shrub
Rock/lee
TABLE E.3.88:MONTHLY USE OF HABITAT TYPES BY RADIO-cOLLARED MOOSE OF BOTH SEXES AND ALL
AGES AS DETERMINED FROM FIXED-WING AIRCRAFT FROM OCTOBER 1976 THROUGH
MID-AUGUST 1981 IN THE MIDDLE AND UPPER SUSITNA AND NELCHINA RIVER BASINS
(from AOF8G mal}
Vegetat Ion 1 .Jan.Feb.
ClassIfication #%~
Mar..,------,~~June.,------,A ~~Oct.
~
Nov.Dec..,--,;.~
Total
r-J
Birch 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 .7 1 .3 1 .6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 .2
Unidentified
hardwood 0 0 0 0 0
0 0
0 0 0 1 .3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1•1 1 1.1 3 .2
Dense mad I um
height black
spruce 2 4.8 2 3.3 0 0 8 6.7 12 4.4 21 6.8 10 5.9 10 7.4 9 7.8 4 3.0 2 2.2 1 1.1 81 4.6
Dense med Ium
height wh Ite
spruce 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2.5 2 .7 0 0 0 0 0 0 ·1 .9 2 1.5 1 1.1 0 0 9 .5
Dense short
black spruce 2 4.8 1 1.7 1 .5 2 1.7 6 2.2 5 1.6 0 0 1 .7 5 4.3 1 .7 2 2.2 1 1.1 27 1.5
Dense ta II
black spruce 0 0 0 0 1 .5 1 .8 0 0 0 0 4 2.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1.1 7 .4
Dense ta II
white spruce 1 2.4 6 10.0 7 3.4 4 3.4 9 3.3 8 2.6 2 1.2 0 0 2 1.7 2 1.5 2 2.2 4 4.3 47 2.7
Alder 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0
0 2 1.2 2 1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 .2
Dense medium
height black i>spruce 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 .1
Medium dense
medium height
black spruce 4 9.5 17 28.3 57 27.8 38 31.9 84 31.0 59 19.1 36 21.3 23 16.9 27 23.3 18 13.3 13 14.1 17 18.3 393 22.5
Medium dense
short spruce 6 14.3 2 3.3 21 10.2 7 5.9 15 5.5 29 9.4 9 5.3 11 8.1 8 6.9 2 1.5 2 2.2 2 2.2 114 6.5
I I ~~J ~.....)1 .c..J J J .J J 1 .J .1 J
'-'1 J )1 J 1 -J ]-J 1 1 I
TABLE E.3.88 (Page 2)
Vegetation 1 Jan.Feb.
Classification #J ~
Mar.
.,----"fPLli ~June
..,..---"A ~~Oct..,.--,Nov.Dec..,---r r-l
Total
..,.--"
o
Medium dense
ta II spruce 0 0 0 0 1 .5 3 2.5 3 1 .1 2 .6 5 3.0 4 2.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1.1 19 1.1
Med Ium dense
ta II white
spruce 2 4.8 5 8.3 5 2.4 9 7.6 14 15.2 18 5.8 4 2.4 11 8.1 7 6.0 10 7.4 3 3.3 4 4.3 92 5.3
Up Iand brush
and willow 14 33.3 18 30.0 34 16.6 12 10.1 44 16.2 72 23.3 53 31.4 32 23.5 29 25.0 58 43.0 35 38.0 40 43.0 441 25.2
Sparse dense
medium spruce 8 19.0 6 10.0 58 28.3 24 20.2 56 20.7 57 18.4 21 12.4 17 12.5 14 12.1 24 17.8 19 20.7 11 11.8 315 18.0
Sparse short
spruce 2 4.8 1 1.7 13 6.3 3 2.5 14 5.2 22 7.1 17 10.1 6 4.4 9 7.8 2 1.5 7 7.6 8 8.6 104 6.0
Sparse ta II
spruce 1 2.4 0 0 1 .5 0 0 4 1.5 0 0 5 3.0 4 2.9 1 .9 0 0 2 2.2 0 0 18 1.0
Sparse ta II
white spruce 0 0 2 3.3 6 2.9 5 4.2 6 2.2 14 4.5 0 0 13 9.6 4 3.4 12 8.9 3 3.3 2 2.2 67 3.8
Co Iumn Tota I 42 2.4 60 3.4 205 11.7 119 6.8 271 15.5 309 17.7 167 9.7 136 7.8 116 6.6 135 7.7 92 5.3 93 5.3 1747 100.
1 Aerial habitat classifications and the approximate Viereck &Dyrness equivalents are given In Table E.3.87.
TABLE E.3.89:SUMMARY OF ELEVATIONAL USE BY APPROXIMATELY 2QO RADIOO<:OLLARED MOOSE (BOTH SEXES AND ALL AGE CLASSES)FROM
_'_'OCTOBER 1976 THROUGH MID-AUGUST 1981 IN THE MIDDLE AND UPPER SUSITNA AND NELCHINA RIVER
(from ADF&G 19aza)
Month Jan.Feb.March Apri I May June Ju Iy Auq.Sept.Oct.Nov.Dec.Total
Mean,
elev{ltJqn 2800 2736 2686 2577 2641 2690 2755 2790 2745 2997 2953 2955 2749
Stand{lrd
deviation 461.8 468.0 442.4 461.9 449.0 426.6 531.2 509.6 451.8 488.6 480.4 475.7
Sample
!il:ze 66 98 285 204 341 424 218 174 130 193 168 116 2417
~ange of
eleX8tiol'1S
Minimum 1800 1400 1700 1500 1400 1300 -1800 1800 1400 1450 1600
Maximvm 3900 3900 4600 4100 38QO 4400 4200 4800 4000 4200 4400 4600
_"____..______L~_________________________.._________~
J )I I J J J I J J J I )1
ce_el ee cce.,.J B 'I ,.e._,)1 ,eel e_-1 g J ee -el
J •
TABLE E.3.90:OCCURRENCE AND MEAN PERCENT OF CANOPY COVERAGE FOR SRECIES OF RIPARIAN (R)AND
NON~IPARIAN (NR)VEGETATION AND HAB I TAT TYPES OBSERVED AT RELOCATION SITES
FOR 6 MALE MOOSE CAPTURED AND RAD IO~OlLARED ALONG THE SUS ITNA RI VER SOUTH
OF TALKEETNA,ALASKA,AND MaN ITeRED DURI NG CALVI NG,SUMMER,ERE ED I NG,AND
TRANS I T IONAl PER IODS FROM MARCH 16 TO OCTOBER 15,1981
rtrom AIJF&G lCJ8261
Seasonal Period l
Vegetative Calvin~Summer Breedino All Transitions
type m 2 %%m %R %NR %R %!'R %R %
,_~_~_(t-:L=e30)(N=O)(N=38)(N=3)(N=21)(N=4)(N=58)(N=6)
Tota I %of relocat Ions 100%0%93%7%84%16%91%9%
Alder
Birch
Spruce
Cottonwood
Sedge
Grass
Sedge and/or qrass
Wi Ilow
Fern
Devil's Club
Horsetai I
Muskeg
Aspen
Wafer
10
22
24
7
5
o
7
o
2
o
o
20
52
28
40
30
37
o
26
30
T
50
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
25
29
30
2
2
4
15
2
2
18
o
2
o
o
24
45
19
31
20
23
35
35
10
21
15
3 I
3
3
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
30
37
23
T
20
10
17
12
20
3
o
o
13
o
2
o
4
o
o
34
33
21
13
32
10
20
50
2
3
2
o
o
2
o
o
o
o
o
80
23
25
T
10
50
50
15
43
53
5
2
5
6
6
o
3
3
o
21
47
35
22
50
55
55
23
10
23
47
38
3
2
5
4
o
o
o
5
o
o
o
o
o
o
31
30
16
73
15
2
Cal ving =May 14 -June 17;Summer =Ju Iy 1 to August 31;Breed I ng =September 14 -October 31;
AI I Transitions =remainder of time from April 16 to October 15,excluding calving,summer,and breeding periods.
NR =non-riparian and R =riparian,within the outmost banks of the Susitna River;
Percent =average for percents of canopy coverage at sites where present;
T =trace,less than 10 percent per observation;and
N =number of moose relocations (hiqher In every season in non-riparian vegeta~lon types).
TABLE E.3.91:OCCLRRENCE AND MEAN PERCENT OF CANC,FY COVERAGE FOR SPECIES OF RIPARIAN (R)AND
NON-RIPARIAN (t'-R)VEGETATION AND HABITAT TYPES OBSERVED AT RELOCATION SITES FOR
19 FEMALE MOOSE CAPTURED AND RADIO-COLLARED ALOIIG THE SUSITNA RIVER SOUTH
OF TALKEETNA,ALASKA,AND MONITORED DURING CALVIIIG,SUMMER,BREEDIIIG,AND
TRANSITIONAL PERIODS FROM MARCH 16 TO OCTOBER 15,1981
Hrom ADF&G1982b)
Seasonal Period 1
Vegetative Calving Summer Breeding AII Trans itlons
Type fIR %rt %NR %R %fIR %R %\IR t R J
(N 2 =78 (N=15)(N=110)(N=16)(N=68 )(N=17 )(N=153)(N=55)
Total %of relocations 63%16%82%13%80%20%73%26%
Alder 12 27 9 34 64 28 12 41 51 27 14 34 37 27 16 31
Birch 50 56 7 34 107 40 11 36 57 41 8 38 137 48 18 41
Spruce 71 31 10 9 104 20 3 7 66 24 13 15 148 33 40 28
Cottonwood 1 60 10 55 2 10 12 35 2 10 9 43 12 31 40 63
Sedge 13 33 2 15 1 30 0 -0 -0 -2 10 2 T
Grass 7 20 2 35 14 25 3 20 0 -0 -4 20 0
Sedge and/or grass 0 -0 -28 40 3 13 43 21 10 24 13 25 3 25
Willow 13 33 6 35 2 15 5 26 0 -0 -11 16 21 32
Fern 0 -0 -6 13 0 -4 15 0 -3 13 0
Devl I 's Club 1 10 0 -57 19 1 10 5 12 0 -15 21 3 13
Horsetal I 2 0 0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -2 T 0
Muskeg 14 50 0 -4 43 0 -9 52 1 50 2 45 0
Aspen 1 40 --0 -1 50 1 10 0 -8 28 0
Water 0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -1 50 0 -0
Calving =May 14 -June 17;Summer =July 1 to August 31;Breeding =September 14 -October 31;
AI I Transitions =remainder of time from April 16 to October 15,excluding calving,summer,and breeding periods.
NR =non-riparian and R =riparian,within the outmost banks of the SusItna River;
Percent =average for percents of canopy coverage at sites where'present;
T =trace,less than 10 percent per observation;and
2 N =number of moose relocations (higher in every season In non-riparian habitats).
J I J j I I ]J I J J 1 .1 .-"1
J 1 1 1 ))I 1 )J
TABLE E.3.92:WINTER CARRYING CAPACITY OF THE WATANA IMPOUNDMENT ZONE (INCLUDING ADJACENT
PROJECT FACILITIES)AND SUSITIIU\WATERSHED UPSTREAM OF OOLD CREEK FeR t«<:l05E
BASED ON THE BIOMASS OF TWIGS AVAILABLE IN WINTER (SEE TEXT AND APPENDIX EH
FOR DETAILED EXPLANATION OF METHODS USED).
)
Area (ha)
Twl q B i~mass
Winter Residents(kgxl0 )~Moose Days
Available
Vegetation Type Impoundment Browse Impoundment Impoundment Impoundment
(Level 3)Zone Basin (kg/ha)n Zone Basin Zone Basin Zone Basi n
Open coniferous
forest 3.844 96,100 29.9 240 114.9 2.873.4 22,980 574,680 127.7 3,192.7
Woodland coniferous
forest 4,834 156.513 10.0 45 48.3 1,565.1 9.660 313,020 53.7 1,739.0
Open deciduous
forest 326 968 5.5 15 1.8 5.3 360 1,060 2.0 5.9
Open mixed forest 1,480 23.125 34.0 15 50.3 786.3 10,060 157,260 55.9 873.7
Low mixed shrub land 1,853 520,250 29.8 363 55.2 15,503.5 11,040 3,100,700 61.3 17,226.1
TOTALS 678 270.5 20,733.6 54,100 4,146,720 301 23,037
-
-
-
.,
I
--1 -I 1 I 1 I ----1 -1 1
TABLE E.3.94:MINIMUM,MAXIMUM AND MEAN DISTANCE (kml TO THE SUSITNA RIVER FROM GEOMETRICAL CENTERS OF THE CALVING
RANGE,SUMMER RANGE,AND BREEDI~RANGE FOR MALE AND FEMALE MOOSE RADIO-COLLARED IN SEVERAL LOCATIONS
ALONG THE SUSITNA RIVER BETWEEN DEVIL CANYON AND THE DELTA ISLANDS,ALASKA 1980-81
(from A1Jf">9lr2bl
Ca I vI ng range Summer range-------------------Breed I ng range
Sex May 14 to June 17 July 1 to August 31 September 14 to October 31
1 2 3LocatIonNMIn Max Mean SD N MIn Max Mean SD N MIn Max Mean SD
Females
Upstream 8 0.0 5.0 2.25 2.25 8 0.7 4.3 2.60 2.24 8 1.2 4.9 3.09 1.42
Downstream
WestsIde 14 0.0 19.9 9.22 7.86 14 0 24.0 10.37 8.68 13 0 25.0 10.74 9.56
Eastside 4 2.1 4.6 5.33 2.63 7 2.2 10.1 6.67 3.54 7 32.2 16.9 8.91 6.28
Males
Upstream 2 3.0 3.4 3.2 0.28 3 1.7 3.0 2.37 0.65 3 1.6 2.0 1.8 0.2
Downstream
Wests Ide 1 30.6 30.6 --2 26.7 36.2 31.5 -.2 26.4 35.3 30.9
Eastside 5 1.5 30.9 9.80 12.06 6 3.2 29.2 10.48 9.96 6 2.0 28.8 10.28 9.49
upstream =moose radio-col lared north of Talkeetna;downstream =moose radio-col Jared south of Talkeetna;
westside =moose spending the breeding season on the west side of the Susltna RIver;and
eastsIde =moose spending the breeding season on the east side of the Susitna River.
2 N =moose seasons of data:2 moose each studied 1 season = 1 moose studied for 2 seasons and each equals N=2.
3 Min =minimum,Max =maximum and SD =standard deviation for distance values In each category.
TABLE E.3.95:PROXIMITY TO THE SUSITNA RIVER OF RELOCATIONS OF 9 MALE (M)AND 29 FEMALE (F)
MOOSE RADIO-<X>LLARED ALONG THE SUSITNA RIVER BETWEEN DEVIL CAN'rON AND THE
DELTA ISLANDS.ALASKA.1980-81
(from ADF&G 1982b)
Number Distance of Relocations from River
1 0-1.6km 1.O-4.6km 4.S-S.1km 8.1-16.1km 16.1-24.2km 24.2-32.3km :52.:5+1<m
Location Sex Individuals Re Iocat ions RI ver (0-1 ml)(I-3m!)(3-5 ml)(5-10 mi )(10-15mi)(15-20 ml)(20+ml)
Upstream 22M 74 3 36 29 6
F 10 222 21 82 90 22 6 0
Downstream
63WestsIdeM 162 13 10 55 21 43 0 19
F 15 403 101 41 67 14 87 74 19
Easts ide M 1
4 45 0 0 2 1 0 9 11 22
F 45 166 5 4 17 32 77 22 9
Upstream
Downstream
Westside
Easts i de
-moose captured north of Talkeetna.
-moose captured south of Talkeetna.
-captured moose that spent the breedlnq
-captured moose that spent the breeding
season to the west of the Susitna River.
season to the east of the Susitna River.
2 One individual studied 1-1/2 years.
3 One individual studied 1-1/2 years.
4 One individual studied for 1-1/2 years.
5 Three individuals studied for 1-1/2 years.
]j _I J ])J J J -I )])J J I
TABLE E.3.96:SUMMARY OF MOOSE SEX AND AGE COMPOSITION DATA COLLECTED ANNUALLY
IN COUNT AREA 6 IN GAME MANAGEMENT UNIT 13 OF SOUTHCENTRAL ALASKA
(modified from ADF&G 1982a)
Incidence
of Twl ns
Total Small Calves Per 100
Males Per Moose %per 100 Females Cal f %Total
~I Date 100 Females In Herd Females With Calf In Herd Sample
1955a 84.I 11.0 43.2 5.6 19.0 400
1956a 61.6 7.7 28.1 0.0 14.8 351
~1957a 43.3 3.5 38.3 10.2 21.1 256
195a<'44.9 6.4 40.2 6.9 2 1.7 957
1959 NO D A T A
1960"57.2 9.0 46.4 4.0 22.4 343
1961 70.1 12.5 48.4 16.0 22.2 424,....1962 44.2 28.3 4.6 16.4 414
1963a 35.6 6.5 46.6 7.4 25.6 798
1964a 33.3 3.1 44.4 20.0 25.0 96
196~30.4 6.3 25.8 1.5 16.5 806
IJmlI 1966a 27.7 3.2 28.0 3.5 17.9 658
1967 29.7 3.4 28.8 0.8 18.1 681
1968 29.7 ·3.2 26.3 2.4 16.9 504
1969 35.7 7.8 33.5 2.8 19.3 384
1970 26.6 6.2 14.2 6.9 10.1 308--1971 30.0 2.8 22.8 3.9 14.9 362
1972 10.1 2.9 23.1 0.0 17.3 271
1973 20.7 5.2 19.0 2.3 13.6 324
1974 16.0 5.2 34.4 9.0 22.9 328
1975 17.6 5.7 18.5 5.6 13.6 279
1976 20.6 5.8 24.3 4.6 16.8 274
1971 16.7 3.7 33.8 13.2 22.4 352
1978 24.1 6.0 28.6 11.7 18.8 368
1979 14.6 2.2 25.3 9.3 18.1 326
,ll1'l1IlIli.1980 15.1 5.2 29.7 8.1 20.5 423,
1981 26.5 9.6 38.6 5.1 23.4 530
I""~
Remarks:a Area boundary chanqe -see ADF&G (1982a).
I.....
-
TABLE E.3.97:SUMMARY OF MOOSE SEX AND AGE COMPOSITION DATA COLLECTED ANNUALLY
IN COUNT AREA 7 IN GAME MANAGEMENT UNIT 13 OF SOUTHCENTRALALASKA
(modifIed from ADF&G 1982a)
"""I.
I
-.Inc!dence
of Twl ns
Total Small Calves Per 100
Males Per Moose %per 100 Females Cal f %Total
Date 100 Fema les in Herd Females With Calf In Herd Sample
1957 N 0 D A T A
1958 NO D A T A
1959 N 0 D A T A
1960 N 0 D A T A
1961 NO D A T A
1962 N 0 D A T A
1963~47.7 3.3 38.5 0.0 20.7 121
1964 39.7 6.3 31.4 2.8 18.4 207
196~59.8 7.8 16.2 0.0 9.2 412
1966 48.3 3.8 20.1 0.0 11.9 293
1967 41.0 4.4 20.6 2.5 12.8 642
1968 N0 D A T A -1969 N 0 OAT A
1970 34.7 5.0 42.1 8.6 23.6 864
1971 26.3 5.3 33.2 7.1 20.8 624
1972 20.6 2.0 17.5 3.7 12.6 665
1973 21.9 6.0 16.3 2.9 11.8 890
1974 12.6 3.0 28.3 6.3 20.1 672
1975 10.0 3.4 15.9 4.8 12.7 695
1976 12.3 3.2 21.6 7.1 16.1 865
1977 10.8 3.0 28.7 6.0 20.6 954
1978 14.8 5.9 20.2 4.1 15.0 1030
1979 8.8 1.8 23.3 5.8 17.7 838
1980 13.3 5.6 25.1 1.1 17.9 946
1981 14.2 3.4 31.6 0.0 21.7 1284 -
Remarks:~Area boundary change -see ADF&G (1982a).
Early 1965 data used for 1964.
'"'111\
TABLE E.3.98:SUMMABY OF MOOSE Sf X AND AGE COMPOSITION DATA COLLECTED ANNUALLY
1N COUNT AREA 14 IN GAME MANAGEMENT UN IT 13 OF SOUTHCENTRAL ALASKA
(modIfied from ADF&G 1982a)
Incidence
of Twins
Total Small Cal ves Per 100
Males Per Moose %per 100 Females Calf %Total
F-Date 100 Females In Herd Fema les WIth Calf In Herd Sample
1955a 105.6 10.5 73.2 10.6 26.0 200
1956 NO D A T A
1957 72.5 5.2 50.3 4.9 22.6 381
1958a 86.8 5.0 37.0 7.4 16.6 441
1959 NO D A T A
196r;71.1 8.6 56.7 21.4 24.5 139
1961 a 62.0 12.2 55.7 7.6 25.6 555
1962 56.3 10.1 23.8 1.8 13.2 416
1963 N 0 D A T A
1964 NO D A T A
1965 28.6 7.2 21.6 0.0 14.4 278
1966a 20.0 5.9 33.5 0.0 21.8 238
1967 39.0 3.9 34.1 2.9 19.7 355
1968a 9.4 2.8 36.5 3.8 25.0 108
1969 17.5 4.0 40.1 2.0 25.4 405
1970 19.4 2.2 44.4 2.1 25.9 185
1971 27.1 5.7 20.7 5.0 14.0 300
1972 21.4 6.2 25.5 0.0 17.4 288
1973 22.0 5.1 17.3 2.0 12.4 411
1974 15.4 3.4 35.2 3.7 23.4 500
1975 9.9 3.3 21.7 1.9 16.5 333
1976 9.2 3.6 19.9 3.0 15.4 447
1977 NO D A T A
1978 20.5 6.6 18.3 2.0 13.2 379
1979 NO OAT A
1980 \3.7 7.4 16.2 3.8 12.5 447
1981 N 0 D A T A
1"'''
Remarks:a Area boundary chanqe -see AOF&G (1982a).
,1fJIM'l
,....
!
-
(modified from ADF&~1982al
TABLE E.3.99:SU~RY OF MOOSE CENSUS DATA AND SUBSEQUENT POPULATION
ESTIMATES F<R CO~T AREAS 7 AND 14 DERIVED FROM SLRVEYS
CONDOCTED ALONG THE SUS ITNA RI VER FROM NOVEMBER 5
THROUGH NOVEMBER 8,1980
Moose Density Stratum Low Medium High
Number of samp Ie areas 11 9 6
censused
Total 26 27 18 ~number of samp Ie
areas In each stratum
2 864 920 663Areaofeachstratum(km )-Moose density per stratum 1.125 ·1.847 3.726
Population estimate per 375 656 954
stratum
Total population estimate
90%CI =1986 +371
Sightability correction
factor =1.03
·Corrected popu tat Ion
estImate =2046 +382
-
-.
.,...
TABLE E.3.100:rENSITY (MOOSE/KM OF RIVER)OF MOOSE OOSERVEDON 10 AERIAL
CENSUSES IN 4 ZONES OF RIPARIAN HABITAT ALONG THE SUSITNA
..-RIVER FROM DEVIL CANYON TO COOK INLET,ALASKA,1981-82
(adapted from ADF&G 1982b,ADF&G unpubl.data)
"""I
Aerial Census Number b
River Zonea 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
~il1 2moose/ml2 3.27 1.64 0.73 0.64 2.27 0.64 1.64 5.18 6.91 6.91
moose/km 1.26 0.63 0.28 0.25 0.88 0.25 0.63 2.00 2.67 2.67
II 2 1.78 2.11 0.56 1.89 2.78 2.00 0.44 3.11 5.11 9.56-moose/ml2
moose/km 0.69 0.81 0.21 0.73 1.07 0.17 0.17 1.20 1.97 3.69
III moose/ml~3.67 4.78 3.35 5.95 4.15 1.43 1.50 5.80 7.30 1\.50
moose/km 1.42 1.84 1.29 2.30 1.60 0.55 0.58 2.24 2.82 4.44
F"moose/ml~IV 4.92 3.84 3.68 4.28 1.64 3.56 6.36 16.48 12.48
moose/km 1.90 1.48 1.42 1.65 0.63 1.37 2.46 6.36 4.82
All 2 3.79 3.81 2.81 4.34 3.02 1.37 2.01 5.60 9.72 10.99moose/ml 2F"zones moose/km 1.46 1.47 1.08 1.68 1.17 0.53 0.78 2.16 3.75 4.24
a =Area within each census zone (land area only;water not Included)
I =Devil Canyon to Tal keetna,29 km 2 (11 m1 2 )
II =Talkeetna to Montana Creek,23 km 2 (9m1 2 )
I II =Montana Creek to Yentna River,104 km 2 (40 m1 2 )
IV =Yentna River to Cook Inlet,65 km2 (25 m1 2 )
A II Zones =220 km2 (85 m1 2 )
b 1 =December 9-10,1981
2 =December 28,1981 and January 4,1982
3 =February 2 and 6,1982
4 =March 1-2,1982
5 =March 23-24,1982
6 =Apr II 12,1982
7 =October 29 and November 6,1982
8 =November 10 and 18,1982
9 =December I,2,and 6,1982
10 =December 20-22,1982
TABLE .E.3.101:SUt+1ARY OF MOOSE SEX AND AGE COMPOSITION DATA OOTAINEO DLRING
SURVEYS OF RIPARIAN COMMUNITIES ALONG THE LOWER SUSITNA RIVER
(derIved from ADF&G 1982b and ADF&G unpubl.datal
Inci dence
Twins
Total Males Cal ves Per 100 Calf
Per 100 Per 100 Females %in Total
River Zone a Females Females With Calf Herd Sample
1981 1982 1981 1982 1981 1982 1981 1982 1981 1982
40.0 16.7 40.0 24.1 0.0 8.3 22.2 17.1 36 76
II 37.5 40.0 62.5 44.0 25.0 0.0 31.3 23.9 16 46
III 10.9 12.3 45.7 50.8 13.5 14.1 30.6 31.2 147 292
IV 33.3 18.1 53.0 25.4 12.9 9.0 28.5 17.7 123 412
TOTAL 23.1 17.1 48.4 34.5 12.5 10.8 28.9 22.8 322 826
a I =Dev i I Canyon to Tal keetna •
II =Talkeetna to Montana Creek.
III =Montana Creek to Yentna River.
IV =Yentna River to Cook Inlet.
-
'"""
-
-
P"'"
I
TABLE E.3.102:PROPORTION OF RADIO~OLLARED CARIBOU
SIGHTINGS IN EACH VEGETATION TYPE
(data from AOF&G 1982c)
"'""
-(from ADf&G 198Zc)
TABLE E.3.103:NELCHINA CARIBOU HERD POPULATION ESTIMATES
(Fal I estImates for years after 1962)
Total
Year Estimate
1955 40,000~
1962 71,000
1967 61,000c
1972 7,842
1973 7,693
1976 8,081
1977 13,936
1978 18,981
1980 18,713
1981 20,694
Female
Estimate
4,800
4,646
4,979
7,509
9,866
9,164
10,154
Male
EstImate
1,622
1,268
1,663
2,868
4,429
5,673
6,184
Carf
EstImate
1,420
1,779
1,439
3,559
4,686
3,876
4,356
-
-
-
-
-
TABLE E.3.104:REPORTED HUNTER HARVEST OF THE NELCH INA
CARIBOU HERD,1972-1981
(derived from ADF&G 19826,unpubl.data)
I of TotalFemalesIofTotalMalesIofTotal
Year Total Harvest No.<%>Females No.l%)Males Herd.
1972 555 153 (28)3%338 (72)21%7%
1973 629 203 (33)4%411 (67)32%8%
1974 1,036 343 (34 )656 (66)
1975 669 201 (31)441 (69)
1976 776 201 (26)4%560 (74)34%10%
1977 360 .77 (22)1%275 (78)10%3%
1978 539 111 (21)1%416 (79)9%3%
1979 630 90 (14)-509 (81)-
1980 621 117 (21 )1%453 (79)8%3%
1981 901 164 (18 )2%737 (82)12%4%
~
-
,..,
TABLE E.3.105:COMPILATION OF HIGHEST YEARLY COUNTS COMPLETED
IN WATANA HILLS SHEEP TREND COUNT AREA
(from ADF&G 1982d)
Legal %Leg.al %
Year Rams*Lambs Total Rams Lambs Surveyor ~
1950 0 Scott
1967 230 Nichols
1968 183 26.6 Nichols,August
1973 10 40 176 5.6 22.7 Mcilroy,August
1974 6 18 76 7.9 23.7 Harkness,April
1976 4 30 130 3.1 23.0 E r de,Auqust
1977 4 33 152 2.6 21.7 Spraker,Ju Iy 11
1978 5 34 189 2.6 18.0 Elde,July 23
1980 9 42 174 5.1 24.1 Tobey,Ju Iy 22
1981 2 43 209 >1.0 20.6 Westlund,July 28
*A legal ram Is defined as having a 3/4 curl or greater horn.
Beginning In 1979 a legal ram is defIned as having a 7/8 curl or Qreater
horn.
-
-
......
-
TABLE E.3.106:NUMBER AND AGE-SEX CLASSIFICATION OF SHEEP OOSERVED AT
JAY CREEK MINERAL LICKS FROM MAY 6 THROUGH JUNE 24,1981
(from ADF&G 1982d)
Date Time Location Sheep Ewes Yearlings Lambs Rams
5/06 West sldea 5
5/08 West side 15 2 2
5/09 a.m.West side 4
5/13 1645 West side 2
5/14 0900 West side 4
5/18 1355 West side 4 6
5/21 West side 8
5/22 1700 West side 8 1 1 6
~~5/23 1145 East side 9 2 1 6
5/24 1840 West s ide b 9 1 2 6-7
5/25 1152 East side 14 1 1 12
5/26 1808 0
5/27 2225 0-5/30 East side 5
6/02 0
6/03 1405 Upstream E.c 1 1
6/03 1408 Upstream W.9 9
P"""6/04 1926 0 0
6/05 1900 East side 9 9
6/06 2146 West side 9
6/07 2025 East sfde 9
6/08 2115 East side 10
,~..6/09 West side 7 7
6/10 0955 West side 4 2 2
6/11 West side 4 3
6/12 1939 Upstream 10
6/13 1154 East side 1 1
6/13 1154 Upstream W.7 4 3
6/14 0933 0
6/15 1509 West side 4 4
6/15 1509 Upstream 3 2
6/16 1102 Upstream W.4 3
6/17 1155 Upstream E.1 1
6/19 1000 Upstream 1 4
6/19 1000 West side 1 1
6/21 1545 West side 14
6/24 0847 West side 7 7
a Bluff on western bank of lower Jay Creek.
b Directly across Jay Creek from above site.
e Two mIles upstream from above site.
2
The proportion of slghtlngs of bears In spruce habitat that occurred In
each month (e.q.,31.2%of the bear slqhtlngs In spruce occurred In May).
For each month,the proportion of slghtlngs that were In that particular
habitat type.
-
-
-
-
TABLE E.3.108:COMPAR I SON OF REPORTED HOME RANGE SIZE S OF
BROWN/GRIZZLY BEARS IN NORTH AMERICA
(adapted from Reynolds 1980)
Mean
Sample H2""e Ran~!
Area Sex SIze km ml Source
KodIak Island,AK M 7 24 9.3 Berns et al.1977
F 23 12 4.6
Yellowstone M 6 161 62.2 CraIghead 1976
Nat lona I Park F 14 73 28.2.....
Southwestern M 5 287 110.8 Pearson 1975
Yukon F 8 86 33.2
,.-
!
Northern Yukon M 9 414 159.8 Pearson 1976
F 12 73 28.2
Western Montana M 3 513 19B.1 Rockwell et al.
F 1 104 40.2 197B
Upper Susltna and M 14 790 305.0 Th Is study (197B and
Nel chI na bas I ns F 19 316 122.0 19BO results only)
Northwestern M B 1350 521.2 Reynolds 19BO
Alaska F lB 744 132.B
""..
TABLE E.3.109:DENSITIES OF S;LECTED NORTH AMERICAN BROWN BEAR POPULATIONS
(from ADF&G 1982e)
,2 2 Location Sourcem/Bear km /Bear
0.6 1.6 Kodiak Island,AK Troyer and Hensel 1964
6.0a 15.5 Alaska Peninsula,AK Glenn,unpubl.data
8.2 21.2 Glacier National Park,Montana Martinka 1974b
11.0 28.5 Glacier National Park,Be bMundvandFlook1973
9-11 23-27 SW Yukon Territory Pearson 1975
16-24 41-52 Upper Susltna River,AK Miller and Ballard 1980
88 (16-300)c 288 (42-780)c Western Brooks Ranqe (NPR-A),AK Reynolds 1980
100 250 Eastern Brooks Range,AK Reynol ds 1976
a Data refer to a 4,552 km 2 (1,800 mi 2 )intensively studied area of the central Alaska Peninsula.
b Taken from Pearson 1975.
c Mean is for the entire National Petroleum Reserve,Alaska;the ranqe represents values for different
habitat types in this reserve.The hiqhest density occurred In an intensively studied experimental area.
J J .__J ,"_J )J J I ).1 J I )J ]J j
]1 1 1 1 1 1 -c~~]
TABLE E.3.110:AVERAGE AGE AND SEX RATIOS OF BROWN BEAR PQPOULATIONS IN THE
MIDDLE AND UPPER SUSITNA AND NELCHINA RIVER BASINS
(from ADF&G 1982e)
M a I e s Fema I es
J\Verage Average Averaqe Sex
Sprln9 Age Spring Age Both Sexes Ratio %
SUbpopulatlons (Years)(Range)n (Years)(Range)n (Years)Males
GMU 13 fall
harvests,
1970-1980 8.0 (3.5-23.5)208 7.7 (3.5-28.5)191 7.9 52
1979 Up per Sus I tna
studies (Miller &
Ballard 1980)7.4 <3.5-21.5)17 7.4 (3.5-16.5)15 7.4 53
Middle Susltna BasIn
(1980-1981 ):all
captures 7.7 <3.5-14.5)14 7.9 (3.5-13.5)15 7.8 48
Radlo-collared
bears (1980-1981)
24awlth~5 captures 6.0 (3.5-10.5)4 8.6 (3.5-13.5)13 8.0
a Because adult male bears lost their collars IlOre easily than adult females,this ratio underestimated the
percentage of males.
TABLE E.3.111:LITTER SIZES OF VARIOUS NORTH AMERICAN BROWN BEAR POPULATIONS
(from APF&G 1982e>
Source Area
Avera!l9 IItter size (no.of II tters observed)
aQe of I Ittero.5 1.5 (J.-5;.;r.5
Cralqhead et al.1976 Yellowstone NatIonal Park
Pearson 1975
MartInka 1974
ThIs Study
Reynolds 1976'
Reyno Ids 1980*
Mundy 1963
KleIn 1958
Glenn et al.1976
Glenn 1976 &updated
Hensel et al.1969
Southwestern Yukon Territory
GlacIer National Park,Montana
Nelchlna BasIn,Alaska
Eastern Brooks Ranqe,Alaska
Western Brooks Ranqe,Alaska
GlacIer NatIonal Park,B.C.
Southeastern Alaska
McNeil R'lver,Alaska
Black Lake,Alaska Peninsula
Kodiak Island,Alaska
1.7(11)
1.7(35)
2.3(Q)
1.8(13)
2.0(33)
1.9(81)
2.2(25)
2.5(41)
2.1(19)
2.2(98)
2.2(68)
1.5(11)
1.8(30)
1.6(16)
2.0(1)
1.9(21)
1.8(45)
1.9(35)
1.8(69)
2.1(51)
2.0(103)
1.6(22)
1.7(65)
1.7(10)
1.9(20)
2.0(54)
1.9(126)
2.0(60)
2.1 (110)
2.1(10)
2.1(201 )
*CalCUlatIons from data presented In Table 3 of Reynolds (1980)
I I J J I J _J J J J J ]__3 J
---J -)1 J 1 I I 1 ]
TABLE E.3.112:REPRODUCTIVE RATES OF NORTH AMERICAN BROWN BEAR POPULATIONS
(from ADF&G 1982e)
Mean Age at 1st Potential
Production to Reproduction Potential x Reproductl ve Rate
Maxi mum A9El Life to Reproduct I va Litter Product Ion (No.cubs/adu It
Area of Breeding Interval Size of Cubs female/year)
Yellowstone Park 6.3 -24.8 18.5 rars x 2.24 ::12.2 0.66
(Cralqhead et al.1976)3.0
Alaska Peninsula 6.3 -24.8 18.5 years x 2.50 ::12.3 0.66
(Glenn et al.1976)**3.77
Eastern Brooks Range 0.1 -24.8 14.7 years x 1.78 ::6.2 0.42
(Reynolds 1976)**4.24
Western Brooks Ranqe 8.4 -24.8 16.4 years x 2.03 ::8.3 0.50
(Reynolds 1980)4.03
Nelchlna Basin 5.2 -24.8 19.6 years x 2.3 ::13.7 0.70
(ThIs study)3.3
Nelchlna Basin 5.2 -14.4***~ears x 2.3 ::6.4 0.70
(ThIs study)3.3
*ThIs potential may be close to actual In Ilqhtly hunted popu lations In Yellowsmne and the Brooks Range,It
probably over estimates productivity of heavily hunted population (Alaska Peninsula).
**Reynol d 's (1980)anal ys Is of data presented by others.
**'Maxlmum aqe based on age of 30 females (~12 years)In the sport harvest 1970-1980.
-
-
-
TABLE E.3.114:NUMBER OF AERIAL BLACK BEAR OBSERVATIONS BY
MONTH IN EACH OF ~HABITAT CATEGORIES
(from ADF&G 1982e)
-Habitat May June Ju Iy August September Octo be r-A pr 1I A II Months
SPRUCE 1 82 95 54 68 44 15 358
%by Months 2 22.9 26.5 15.1 19.0 12.3 4.2 (39.4)
%by Habitat 50.3 46.3 35.8 31.8 30.8 46.9
r"'"RIPARIAN 23 33 23 18 23 1 121
%by Months 19.0 27.3 19.0 14.9 19.0 .8 (13.3)
%by Habitat 14.1 16.1 15.2 8.4 16.1 3.1
I!"""SHRUBLAND 50 70 69 119 71 9 388
%by Months 12.9 18.0 17.8 30.7 18.3 2.3 (42.7)
%by Habitat .30.7 34.1 45.7 55.6 49.7 28.1
TUNl:RA 3 3 3 6 2 0 17
%by Months 17 .6 17 .6 17.6 35.3 11 ~8 0 (1.9)
%by Habitat 1.8 1.5 2.0 2.8 1.4 0-
OTHER 5 4 2 3 3 7 24
%by Months 20.8 16.7 8.3 12.5 12.5 29.2 (2.6)
%by Habitat 3.1 2.0 1.3 1.4 2.1 21.9
TOTALS 163 205 151 214 143 32 908
(18.0) (22.6)(16.6)(23.6)(15.7)(3.5)(100.0)
The proportion of slghtlngs of bears .in spruce habitat that occurred in each mnth (eq.,22.9%
of the·bear sIght I ngs In spruce occurred J n May).
~.2 For each month,the proportion of sightings that were In that particular habitat type.
....
TABLE E.3.115:SUMMARY OF REPORTED BLACK BEAR HARVESTS FROM
ALASKA'S GAME MANAGEMENT UNIT 13,1973-1980
(f rom ADm r98~el
Total ~-_._-~-~-~Total Harvest
Sport Average Age (n)a %Males Taken In Fall
Ad Bd CdYearTakeMalesFemalesBothSpringFa"Both Males Females Both
1973 70 5.9(39)5.2(20)5.6 NA 63 63 100 100 100 49 14
1974 48 5.7(26)7.8(14)6.4 86 64 67 81 93 85 21 25
1975 67 75 75 75 67 67 67 19 36
1976 63 5.2(5)63 70 67 63 55 62 21 26 55
1977 b 58 5.1(26)4.8(12)5.0 81 64 69 66 82 71 19 26 52
1978c 70 5.4(13)80 63 68 64 81 69 20 7 64
1979 c 70 68 50 55 64 79 70 11 18 73
1980 85 77 74 75 67 71 69 24 32 67
73-80 531 5.6(121)5.9(58)5.7 74 65 68 71 79 74 23 184 63
Fallon Iy -5.5(88)5.9(49)5.6
Spring only -5.7(33)6.3(9)5.8
a Mean age given only when n >5.
b On Iy fall bears aged.-
c Only spring bears aged.
d A %of total take by non-residents.
B Number taken by hunters reporting aircraft as primary source of transportation.
C %of total where meat was salvaged for food.
J I J I .J J .c_]I J I I I J J ..!j J
...~TABLE E.3.116:COMPARISONS OF FOOD REMAINS IN WOLF SCATS COLLECT AT LEN
AND RENDEZVOUS SITES IN 1980 AND 1981 FRG1 THE EASTERN
SUS1TNA BASIN AND ADJACENT AREAS
(from ADF&G 19821)
r
~Food Items 1980 1981
727 Scats 290 Scats
No.Items %Occurrences No.Items %Occurrences
Adult moose 105 12.00 24 6.15
Calf moose 369 42.17 87 22.31
Moose.age unknown 22 2.51 21 5.38
Adu It caribou 30 3.43 31 7.95
Ca If carl bou 13 1.49 19 4.87
Car'bou.age unknown 8 0.91 5 1.28
Moose or caribou 31 3.54 9 2.31-Beaver 48 5.49 37 9.49
Muskrat 26 2.97 24 6.15
Snowshoe hare 55 6.29 21 5.38
Mlcrot I ne 40 4.57 37 9.49
Un I dent If I ad small 15 1.71 20 5.13
mammal
Bird 16 1.83 8 2.05
Fish 0.11 2 0.51
I"""
Vegetation 22 2.51 5 1.28
Wolf 4 0.46 0.26
I"'"'70 8.00 39 10.00!Unknown
Total 875 100.00 390 100.00
"'..
TABLE E.3.117:ESTIMATE OF NUMBERS OF WOLVES BY INDIVIDUAL PACK INHABITING
THE SUSITNA HYDROELECTRIC STUDY AREA IN SPRING AND FALL
1980 AND 1981
(from AOF&G 1982f)
....
....
TABLE E.3.118:NUMBER OF SAMPLE UNITS CONTAINING INDICATED LEVEL OF
BEAVER ACTIVITY DURING SUt41ER 1982 DOWNSTREAM SURVEY
(See text for explanation)
(from Gipson,unpub.data)
.....None Low Mod.High
No Sign Tracks,Darns,Dens,
Seen Cuttings Tral Is Lodges
Main channel 22
I"'"
Side channel 22 5 4 UPPER
SECTION
Slough 2 3 5 n =38
~JII,
Clearwater 2 2 3
Main channel 4
SIde channel 6 3 MIDDLE
SECTION
Slough 3 n =11
Clearwater 4
MaIn channel
Side channe I 3 9 LOWER
SECTION
Slough 3 n =8
Clearwater *
*Lower section contaIned no clearwater habitat In sample units surveyed.
TABLE E.3.119:1982 AERIAL COUNTS OF BEAVER STRUCTURES ALONG 15.2 KM (9.4 MI)
OF LOWER IEADMAN CREEK IMMED lATELY DOWNSTRE,6M FRCM DEADMAN
LAKE,AND A MARSHY SECTION OF UPPER DEADMAN CREEK FROM ITS
MOUTH AT DEADMAN LAKE 3.2 KM (2.0 MI)UPSTREAM FROM THE LAKE
(from GIpson,unpub.data)
Lodges Dams
Location Caches Active InactIve Active Inactive
Lower Deadman Creek B 9 1 5 3 4
Upper Deadman Creek 5 5 0 0 0
TOTAL 13 14 5 3 4
1Two apparently active lodges were observed wIthin 30 meters (33 yards)of
each other and only one food cache was noted between the lodges.Possibly both
of these lodges had been actIve durinq summer,but only one would remaIn active
through winter.
-
-
""""
-
-
TABLE E.3.120:RESULTS OF SURVEYS FOR MUSKRAT PUSHUPS UPSTREAM
FROM GOLD CREEK DURING SPRING 1980
{from Gipson et al.19825
Location of Lakes
Lake Elevation MSL No.Quarter
Number (m)(ft)Pushups Section Section Range Township
001 267 876 2 SW 31 lW 32N
~I SE 31 lW 32N
002 472 1549 4 SE 30 lW 32N
SW 29 lW 32N
003 526 1726 14 NE 30 lW 32N
NW 29 lW 32N
1JlI'lI!l"004 640 2100 0 NE 20 lW 32N
NW 21 lW 32N
SE 20 lW 32N
005 500 1641 26 SE 15 lW 32N
SW 14 lW 32N
SE 14 lW 32N
NW 23 lW 32N
006 495 1624 0 NW 23 lW 32N
NE 23 lW 32N.....007 480 1575 0 NW 24 lW 32N
SW 24 lW 32N
SE 23 lW 32N
NE 23 lW 32N
008 463 1519 0 SW 6 IE 31N
009 463 1519 0 SE 6 IE 31N
010 442 1450 a SW 32 IE 32N
011 472 1549 0 SE 32 IE 32N
012 419 1375 0 SE 32 IE 32N
013 542 1778 0 SW 4 IE 32N
SE 4 IE 32N
014 724 2375 0 NW 28 IE 32N
015 724 2375 0 NE 21 IE 32N
NW 22 IE 32N
SW 22 IE 32N
NW 27 IE 32N
",,~.SE 21 IE 32N
016 712 2336 0 SW 16 IE 32N
1"''"SE 16 IE 32N
SW 15 IE 32N
NW 22 IE 32N
NE 21 IE 32N.....017 754 2474 0 NE 22 IE 32N
NW 23 IE 32N
018 572 1878 0 NW 35 IE 32N
019 503 1650 0 SW 35 IE 32N
NW 2 IE 31N
,r:'lJ1lll\020 541 1775 a SE 35 IE 32N
NE 2 IE 31N
021 724 2375 a NW 36 IE 32N
022 724 2375 a NW 36 IE 32N-023 686 2250 a SW 24 IE 32N
SE 24 IE 32N
SW 19 2E 32N
NW 30 2E 32N
NE 25 IE 321'4
NW 25 IE 32N
024 724 2375 a NE 19 2E 32N
NW 20 2E 32N
025 722 2369 a NW 20 2E 32N
NE 20 2E 32N
SE 20 2E 32N
SW 20 2E 32N
r""
i
TABLE E.3.120 (Page 2)
Location of Lakes
Lake Elevation MSL No.Quarter
~Number (m)(ft)Pushups Section Section Range Township
026 709 2326 0 SW 21 2E 32N02753317490NW272E32N
NE 27 2E 32N
SE 27 2E 32N
SW 27 2E 32N02875424740NE74E31N02971623490SW84E31N -030 602 1975 0 NW 17 4E 31N03160219750NE174E31N03269322741NW55E31N
SW 5 5E 31N
033 693 2274 0 SW 5 5E 31N ~
034 716 2349 0 SW 4 5E 31N
SE 5 5E 31N03568022310SW95E31N
SE 9 5E 31N ~NE 16 5E 31N
NW 16 5E 31N
NE 17 5E 31N
NW 17 5E 31N
NE 18 5E 31N !11m!
SE 7 5E 31N
SW 8 5E 31N
SE 8 5E 31N0366782225aSW105E31N
SE 9 5E 31N
037 693 2274 0 SE 3 5E 31N
SW 3 5E 31N
SE 10 5E 31N
SW 10 5E 31N -NE 9 5E 31N
038 643 2110 0 SE 11 5E 31N
SW 11 5E 31N
NW 14 5E 31N
NE 15 5E 31N
SW 15 5E 31N
NW 15 5E 31N
SW 10 5E 31N03970923260NW35E31N -040 683 2241 0 SW 21 5E 32N
041 678 2225 1 NW 21 5E 32N04268322410NE215E32N
043 689 2261 1 NE 21 5E 32N
NW 22 5E 32N
SE 21 5E 32N
NE 21 5E 32N
044 693 2274 0 SW 15 5E 32N
NW 22 5E 32N04568322410SE165E3211
NE 21 5E 32N
046 693 2274 0 SE 15 5E 32N
SW 45 5E 32N
047 683 2241 7 NW 15 5E 32N
NE 16 5E 32N
048 739 2425 6 NW 10 5E 32N0497162341>0 NW 14 5E 32N
SW 14 5E 32N ~
050 716 2349 0 NW 14 5E 32N
051 716 2349 0 NW 14 5E 32N
TABLE E.3.120 (Page 3)
Location of lakes
LaREl E Ievat Ion,MSl No.Quarter
Number 1m)1ft)Pushups SecTion SecTion Range Township
052 716 2349 0 NW 14 5E 32N
NE 14 5E 32N
053 716 2349 0 NE 14 5E 32N
~054 716 2349 0 SE 14 5E 32N
055 716 2349 ();NE 14 5E 32N
SE 14 5E 32N
056 716 2349 0 NE 14 5E 321'1-NW 13 5E 32N
057 693 2274 0 SW 35 5E 32N
058 708 2323 0 NE 53 5E 32N
059'693 2274 32 NE 13 5E 321'1
NW 18 5E 31N
SW 18 5E 31N
SE 13 5E 31N
SW 13 5E 31N
SE 14 5E 31N
NE 14 5E 31N
NE 13 5E 31N
060 692 2270 0 SW 5 6E 31N
SE 5 6E 31N
NE 8 6E 31N
SE 7 6E 31N
SW 7 6E 31H
NE 7 6E 31N
NW 8 6E 31N
061 678'2225 3 SW 4 6E 31N
SE 5 6E 31N
062 678 2225-0 NW 2 6E 31N
063 709 2326 0 SE 19 6£32N
064 724 2375 0 NW 19 6E 32N-.NE 24 6E 32N
065 747 2451 3 SW 18 6E 32N
066 716 2349 0 NE 18 6E 32N
NW f8 6E 32N
~Ifl,067 716 2349 24 SW 7 6£32N
SE 7 6E 32N
SW 8 6E .32N
SE 8 6E 32N
NE 17 6E 32N
NW 17 6E 32N
NE 18 5E 32N
058 692 2270 15 Sf 17 6E 32N
SW 16 6E 32N
...~NW 21 6E 32N
NE 20 6E'32N
069 693 2274 14 Sf If 6E 32M
070 709 2326 8 NW 12 6E 32N
071 533 1749 5 SE 24 6£32N,..~072 503 1650 2 NW 31 7E 32N'fYn 610 2~01'(l SW 29 7E 32N
074 625 2051 2 NW 29'7£32N
HE 29 7E 32'1
~SE 29 iE 32N
07'5-62"5 2051 ,0 SE 29 7E 3'~
NE 32 7£32/11
OA6,625 2051 2'Sit 2Si 7E 32N
077 62,5 t051 0 Sf 29 7E 3~
ava',62:S 20.51;0,Sf 29':1£J~2N
079 960 3150 0 SE 2:3 7E 31N
080 a~2749-@ s,e 6'8E 3'IN
TABLE E.3.120 (Page 4)
Location of Lakes
Lake EIevat Ion MSL No.Quarter
Number (m)(ft)Pushups Section Section Range Township ""'"
081 .823 2700 0 SE 6 8E 31N
SW 5 8E 31N
082 564 1850 2 SW 8 8E 31N
083 770 2526 0 SW 33 8E 32N
NE 33 8E 321'4
084 770 2526 0 NW 3 8E 31N
085 808 2651 0 SW 2 8E 31N
SE 2 8E 31N ""'"086 808 2651 0 SE 2 8E 31N
087 808 2651 0 SE 2 8E 31N
088 741 2431 1 SE 7 9E 31N
089 866 2841 25 SE 25 lIE 30N
SW 30 11 E 3CN .,
NW 31 lIE 30N
NE 36 lIE 3CN
090 870 2854 2 SE 30 11 E 3CN
NW 31 lIE 30N ~
091 869 2851 0 NW 31 lIE 3CN
092 777 2549 I SW 5 lIE 29N
NW 8 11 E 29N
093 777 2549 0 NW 8 11 E 29N
NE 8 lIE 29N """'I
SE 8 lIE 29N
SW 8 lIE 29N
094 780 2559 0 SE 5 lIE 29N
NE 8 lIE 29N -095 777 2549 0 SW 4 lIE 29N
096 777 2549 0 NW 9 lIE 29N
097 777 2549 0 NW 9 11 E 29N
098 777 2549 0 NW 9 lIE 29N
SW 9 lIE 29N
099 777 2549 0 SE 8 lIE 29N
SW 9 liE 29N
100 853 2799 1 NE 26 10E 3()j
101 853 2799 0 NE 26 10E 30N I!MiRl'lI
NW 25 Hie:3CN
102 853 2799 0 SW 24 10E 3CN
103 853 2799 0 SW 23 3E 30N
NW 26 3E 3CN -
"""I
(from Gipson et al.982)
Transect!!Short-tailed
Number Marten Fox Weasel Mink Otter Totals
01 41 3 5 2 52
I"""02 80 0 7 6 94
03 91 9 5 3 0 108
04 198 0 20 0 3 221
05 84 0 11 0 96
06 163 0 6 0 170
07 202 23 39 0 2 266
08 86 11 0 2 5 104-09 85 11 2 0 99
10 125 20 95 2 3 245
~11 39 30 58 2 130
12 40 38 96 5 180
13 7 60 77 5 3 152
14 112 10 328 6 3 459
Totals 1353 213 746 34 30 2376
~
a See FIgure E.3.101 for transect locations.
TABLE E.3.122:TABULATION OF NOVEMBER 1980 AERIAL TRANSECT DATA,
SPECIES BY VEGETATION TYPE
(from Gipson at al.1982)
"""'II
I
TABLE E.3.123:NUfeER a=TRACKS OF OTTER AND MINK <BSERVED
AT NCRTH AND SOUTH SliES OF 37 SUS I TNA
RIVER CHECK POiNTS,NOVEMBER 10-12,1980a
(frOlll GIpson et a i.1982>
Checkpoint North South
Numbers Otters Mink Otters Mink,-01 3 0 0 0
02 0 2 0 0
03 0 0 0 0
04 0 0 3 1
~05 0 0 2 0
06 0 0 0 0
07 0 1 0 1
08 0 0 0 2
09 0 0 1 0
10 0 0 0 2
11 4 1 0 1
12 3 1 0 0
13 0 0 0 1
14 2 0 3 1
15 0 0 4 0
16 3 1 0 2
17 0 3 0 4
18 0 0 0 2.....19 0 0 1 2
20 2 0 1 0
21 1 1 0 0
22 0 0 0 0
23 2 1 0 2
24 0 0 0 0
25 0 0 0 0
26 0 0 0 0
27 0 0 4 0
28 0 0 4 0
29 0 0 0 2
30 0 0 0 0
31 0 0 0 0
r 32 0 0 0 3:n 0 2 0 3
,34 0 1 0 2
35 0 1 2 3
36 0 0 2 2
37 0 1 0 2
Total s 20 16 27 38-
a See Figure E.3.101 for locations of river check
pol nts.
,....
-
-
-
-
-
I'
TABLE £.3.126:RED FOX DEN CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
(from Gipson et al.1982)-
Importance
Ranking
2
:3
4
5
Den
Type
Primary
Secondary
PrImary
Alternative
Tertiary
Shelter
Description
Active or believed to have been actIve In 1979.
1980.or 1981.Natal den.Multiple burrow
system.Believed to have traditional use.
Large dirt mounds at burrow entrances and wear
patterns.Five or more entrances.
Not actIve In 1980 or 1981.Multiple burrow
system.Large dirt mounds at entrances.Wear
patterns but obscured to various degrees by
recent vegetative recolonization.Probably
natal den when In use.May be used as a
resting site.Five or more entrances.
Found near prImary or secondary sItes.Signs
of recent or present use.Two to five en-
trances usually.Probebly occupied and used
prImarIly by pups.First pup movements away
from natal den are usua I IY to these sItes.
Presence of digging activity.
Usua IIY two to fIve entrances.0Id food
remains and/or scats present.Probably not
used In recent years.May be used as a resting
site.
One burrow.Probably used for shetter only.
-
",.,.
-
-
"1 "'1,1 -1 1 1 ')-"•1 )J
TABLE E.3.127:LOCATION AND STATUS OF RAPTOR AND RAVEN NEST SITES IN THE MIDDLE SUSITNA BASIN,ALASKA
CorrespondIng
U of A Museum
No.(Kesse I USGS
Nesting et a I.19828 ;Statusa Talkeetna Mountains
Location B.Cooper 15ftx30ft Location Estlmated e
Species No.1982 pers.comm.)1974 b 1980c 1981 c 1982 d Quad No.Township Range Section Elevation
m (ft)
Golden eagle GE-l V,C,II -x x NC C-l nON RIlE 7 716-731
(2,350-2,400)
GE-2 0,T,gg -x x NC 0-2 nlN R9E 17 610-655
(2,000-2,150)
GE-3 E,kk,II -x x NC 0-2 nlN RaE 1 715
(2,400)f
GE-4 qq - -
0 x 0-2 nlN RaE 15,22 564
(1,650)
GE-5 F -x 0 NC 0-2 T31N RaE 9,10 549
(1,800)
GE-6 -0 - -
NC 0-2 nlN RaE 6,9 <579
<(1,900)
GE-7 R - -
x NC 0-3 nlN R7E 14 945
(3,100)f
GE-8 G -x 0 NC 0-3 T32N R6E 26 490-516
(1,600-1,700)
GE-9 ff --0 NC 0-3 T32N R6E 29 490-516
(1,600-1,700)
GE-l0 ---0 NC 0-4 n3N R'N 26 1,189
(3,900)
GE-ll dd --0 NC 0-4 T32N R4E 25 490-516
(1,600-1,700)
'GE-12 -0 --NC 0-4 BIN R3E 15,14 <5491
<(1,6001)
GE-13 Z -0 0 Ne 0-4 T31N R3E 17,16 427-442
(1,400-1,450)
TABLE E.3-127 (Page 2)
Corresponding
U of A Museum
No.(Kessel USGS
Nesting et al.1982a;Statusa Talkeetna Mountains
Location B.Cooper 15 tt x 30 ft Estlmatede
S ecles No.1982 ers.comm.)1974 b 1980 c 1981 c 1982 d Q.uad No.Townshl Section Elevation
m ft
Golden eagle GE-14 -0 --NC 0-4 T31N R3E 12 427-4571
(contd)(1,400-1,5001)
GE-15 X,Y --0 NC 0-5 T32N R2E 22,23 518-579
(1,700-1,900
GE-16 I -x x NC 0-5 T32N R2E 27 470-485
(1,540-1 ,590 )
GE-17 pp --0 NC 0-5 T31N R2E 17 610-625
(2,000-2,050)
GE-18 M --x NC 0-5 T32N RIE 32 335
(1,100)
Bald eagle BE-l -0 --NC C-l T31N R12E 28,33 686-694
(2,250-2,275)
BE-2 B -x x NC C-l T29N RIlE 9,10 663-671
(2,175-2,210)
BE-3 hh x -0 NC C-2 T3()l RIOE 16 579
(1,900)
BE-4 S x -x NC 0-2 T31N RaE 11 540-549
(1,775-1,800)
BE-5 A x x 0 NC 0-3 T31N R7E 2 497-503
(1,630-1,650)
BE-6 K -x x NC 0-3 T33N R5E 34 760
(2,500)
BE-7 N --x NC C-4 T3()l R3E 1 564-572
(1,850-1,875)
BE-8 L 0 x x NC 0-6 T31N R2W 9,10 230
(750)
I J J I J J 1 .J J -J J )
1 1 +1 )
TABLE E.3.127 (Page 3)
Corresponding
U of A Museum
No.(Kessel USGS
Nesting et al.1982a;Statusa Talkeetna Mountains
Location B.Cooper
1982d 15 ft x 30 ft Location Est Imated e
SpecIes No.1982 pers.comm.)1974 b 1980c 1981 c Quad No.Township Range Section Elevation
m (ft)
Raven R-8 -x - -
NC 0-3 T32N R7E 33 519
(1,700)
R-9 -x - -
NC 0-3 T32N R6E 25 488
(1,600)
R-l0 -x 0 -NC 0-3 T32N R6E 28 488
(1,600)
R-ll -0 --NC 0-3 T32N R5E 26,35 564
(1,850)
R-12 Q --x NC 0-3 T32N R5E 23,26 625
(2,050)
.R-13 P,ee --x NC 0-4 T32N R5E 20 549
(1,800)
R;"14 mm,nn,cc --0 NC 0-4 T31N R4E 14 549-580
(1,800-1,900)
R-15 0,aa,bb - -
x NC 0-4 T31N R4E 15 519-580
(1,700-1,900)
R-16 -0 --NC 0-4 T31N R3E 18 442
(1,450)
R-17 -0 - -
NC 0-4 T31N R3E 13 442
(1,450)
R-18 -0 --.NC 0-5 T32N R2E 36 427
(1,400)
R-19 J x x -NC 0-5 T32N R2E 27 458
(1,500)
R20 W --0 NC 0-5 T32N R2E 33 366
(1,200)
TABLE E.3.127 (Page 4)
Corresponding
U of A Museum
No.(Kessel USGS
Nesting et al.1982a;Statusa Talkeetna Mountains
Location B.Cooper 15 ft x 30 ft Location Estlmatede
SPecies No.1982 pers.comm.)1974 b 1980c 1981 c 1982d Quad No.Township Range Section Elevation
m <ft)
Raven R-8
R-9
R-l0
R~11
R-12
R-13
R-14
R~15
R-16
R-17
R-18
R-19
R20
Q
P,ee
mm,nn,cc
0,aa,bb
J
w
x
x
x
o
o
o
o
x
o
x
x
x
o
x
o
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
0-3
0-3
0-3
0-3
0~3
0-4
0-4
0-4
0-4
0-4
0-5
0-5
0-5
T32N
T32N
T32N
T32N
T32N
T32N
T31N
T31N
T31N
T31N
T32N
T32N
T32N
R7E
R6E
R6E
R5E
R5E
R5E
R4E
R4E
R3E
R3E
R2E
R2E
R2E
33
25
28
26,35
23,26
20
14.
15
18
13
36
27
33
519
(1,700)
488
(1,600)
488
(1,600)
564
(1,850)
625
(2,050)
549
(1,800)
549-560
(1,800-1,900)
519-580
(1,700-1,900)
442
(1,450)
442
(1,450)
427
(1,400)
458
(1,500)
366
(1,200)
)J 3 J J J J J J J J J
••
J
-1 J '1 -1 J 1 ~~-1 1 1 I J ]
TA8L.E E.3.127 (Page 5)
CorrespondIng
U of A Museum
No.(Kessel USGS
Nesting et al.1982a;Statusa Talkeetna Mountains
l.ocatlon 8.Cooper .15 ft x 30 ft Location Estlmatede
Seecies No.1982 pers.comm.)1974 b 1980c !g81 C 1982 d Quad No.Township Range Section Elevation..,m (f 1')
Raven
(Contd)
R-21 o NC 0-5 T32N R1E 32 427
(1,400)
astatus unknown.x =possibly active,x ..active,0 ..Inactive,-=not reported (1974)or
not located (1980 -1981)(although suitable habitat was present In most cases),NC =not
checked.
bO ata from White (1974).
COata from Kessel et al.(1982a),8.Kessel and 8.Cooper (unpubl.data>.
dOa"ta from Kessel and Cooper (unpubl.dota).
eOlfferences occur between elevetlons given here and those reported by Kessel et al.(1982).
Original estimates were obtained by attempting to locate nests as accurately as possible on
USGS 1:63,360 maps with contour Intervals of 100'(maJority)or 50'(Talkeetna Mtns ),0-1 but
It was often difficult to precisely locate nests and to locate them relatiVe to tightly
s~aced contour Intervals (Cooper 1982 pers.comm.).AI I elevations have been reviewed and
some revisions were made;hQwever,In some cases estimates given here may contain errors of
a~much as +100'.AI I elevations must be considered approximate (unless otherwise noted)
until the majority are rechecked with a precision altimeter.
fElevatlon checked with helicopter altimeter ~30-foot accuracy,20-foot Increments)on October II,1982.
GE-l
GE-2
TABLE E.3.127b:LOCATION OF RAPTOR NESTS IN
THE MIDDLE SUSITNA BASIN
2.4 km (1.5 ml)upriver from Vee Canyon and 0.5 to 0.6 km
(0.3 to 0.4 mi)up a narrow canyon on the north side of the
Susltna River.Three nests present;1980 nest 26 m (85 ft)
up a 33 m (110 ft)cl iff,100 m (330 ft)back from and 67 m
(220 ft)above unnamed creek,19B 1 nest 8 m (26 ft)up 12 m
(40 ft)cl iff 81 m (265 ft)back from and 67 m (220 ft)above
unnamed creek (Kessel et al.1982a;Kessel,unpub/.data).
4.2 km (2.6 ml)up the Susitna River from the mouth of Jay
Creek and In a canyon on the north side of the Susitna River.
Th ree nests were present;1980 nest 5 m (15 f t)up 13 m
(40 ft)cliff,10 m (35 ft)back from and 18 m (60 ft)above
unnamed creek,1981 nest 1 m (5 ft)up 5 m (15 ft),vege-
tated c I Iff,14 m (45 ft)back from and 33 m (110ft)above
unnamed creek (Kessel et al.1982a;Kessel,unpubl.data).
--
GE-3 2.4 km 11.5 mD up Jay Creek from Its conf luence with the
Susltna River.Three nests were present;1981 nest 5 m
(15 ft)up 30 m (100 ft)cliff,150 m (490 ft)from west bank
and 115 m (375 ft)above Jay Creek (Kessel et al.1982a;
Kessel,unpubl.data).
GE-4 1.6 km (1.0 ml)up Koslna Creek from Its confluence wIth the
Susitna River and on the east side of Koslna Creek.This
nest was I dent I fled as an I nact 1ve raven nest In 198'but
go rden eag I es nested there In 1982 (B.Cooper 1982 pers.
comm.).
GE-5 1.0 km (0.6 mD down the Susltna River from the mouth of
Kos I na Creek.The nest Is 32 m ('05 ft)up 38 m (125 ft)
cliff on north riverbank (Kessel et al.'982a>.
GE-7 9.6 km (6.0ml)down the Sus,ltna River from the mouth of
Koslna Creek and 7 m (25 ft)up a '2 m (40 ft)cliff on a
south-facing hillside above the south bank of the river
(Kessel et al.1982a).
GE-6
GE-8
GE-9
GE-l0
GE-ll
GE-12
2.8 km <1.7 ml)down the Sus Itna RI ver from the mouth of
Koslna Creek on the north bank of the river.White (1974)
reported a golden eagle nest at this location In 1974,but
his lOcation may correspond to GE-5 since the area he indi-
cated does not contain suitable nesting habitat.
4.0 km (2.5 ml)down the Susltna River from the mouth of
Watana Creek and 13 m (45 ft)up a 23 m (75 ft)cl Iff,40 m
(130 ft)back from and 34 m (110 ft)above the north bank of
the river.This nest was Inactive In 1981 a Ithough It did
have a fresh spruce lining (Kessel at al.1982a;Kessel,
unpub I.data).
5.4 km (3.4 ml)up the Sus Itna RI ver from the mouth of
Deadman Creek on a ell ff on the north bank of the river
(Kessel,unpubl.data).
".2 km (7.0 ml)north of the proposed Watana damslte,high
on the southeast side.of Tsusena Butte (Kessel,unpubl.
data).
1.0 km (0.6 ml)down the Susltna River from the mouth of
Tsusena Creek and 0.8 km [0.5 mil up and on the east bank of
a small unnamed drainage (Kessel,unpubl.data>.
10.0 km (6.3 ml)down the Susltna River from the mouth of Fog
Creek on the north bank of the"river.White (1974)reportedagoldeneaglenestatthislocation.In 1974,but his loca-
tion probably corresponds to GE-'3,since the area he Indi-
cated does not appear to contaIn suitable nesting habltar.
-
-
-
-
-.
-
TABLE E.3.127b (Page 2)
-
-
-
GE-13
GE-14
G€-15
GE-16
9.4 km (5.9 mi)up the Susltna River from the mouth of Devil
Creek on a c I I ff on the north bank of the river (Kesse I,
unpub I.data).
5.6 km (3.5 ml)up the Susltna River from the mouth of Devil
Creek.A golden eagle nest was reported at this location on
the west side of the river In 1974 (White 1974);but the
nearest suitable habitat appears to be 1.4 km (0.9 ml)and
2.0 km (1.3 ml)further downstream (B.Cooper 1982 pers.
comm.)and one of these locations may represent the actual
1974 location.
2.8km (I.8mi)up Devil Creek from Its confluence with the
Sus Itna Ri ver.Two nests (a Iternates)are present;one on
the c I I ffs on the west s I de of Dev II Creek and one on the
c II ffs on the north s I de of a sma II,unnamed tr I butary that
empties Into Devl'Creek (Kessel,unpubl.data).
0.6 km (0.4 ml)up Devil Creek from Its confluence with the
Sus I tna River and 30 m (100 ft)up 45 m (I 50 ft)vegetated
cliff,100m (330ft)back from and 120m (395ft)above
Devil Creek on the west bank (Kessel et al.1982a).
4.2 km (2.6 mi)up the Susltna River from the mouth of Tyone
River.White (1974)reported two closety associated nests on
the east side of the Susitna River In 1974 but they appeared
to be gone by 1980-81.
3~4 km (2.1ml)up the Oshetna River from Its confluence with
the Susltna River and 4 m (15 ft)from edge of the west bank
In a 22 m (70 ft)white spruce (Kessel et al.1982a).
6.8 km (4.3 ml)down the Susitna River from the mouth of
Dev II'Creek and 3.5 km (2.2 ml)up and on the east side of a
smal I drainage that joins the river from the south (Kessel
unpubl.data).
3.4 km (2.1 ml)up the Susitna River from the mouth of
Portage Creek ona moderate-sized cliff on the north bank
(Kessel et al.1982a).
4.0 km (2.5 mD down the Susltna River from the midpoint of
Vee Canyon on the south bank of the Susltna River,just west
of the mouth of a small unnamed tributary (White 1974;
Kesse I,un pub I.data).
8E-4 1.8 km (1.1 ml)up the Susltna River from the mouth 'of Koslna
Creek and 25m (80 ft)up a 33 m (110ft)c I I ff on the north
bank of the river (White 1974;Kessel et al.1982a).
~
GE-17
,..
GE-18
BE-l
,....
BE-2
BE-3
BE-5 8.8 km (5.5 ml)up the Susltna River from the mouth of Watana
Creek on a wooded Island In a live white spruce (White 1974,
Kessel et al.1982a).
BE-6 9.2 km (5.7 ml)up Deadman Creek from Its confluenCe with the
Susltna River on top of a 15 m (50 ft),broken-topped balsam
poplar,25 m (80 ft)from the north bank of Deadman Creek
(Kessel et al.1982a).
-I
I
I
-,
BE-7
8£-8
On the south shore of a small pond (WB105),1.2 km (0.7 mD
east of the northeast end of Stephan Lake and on top of a
13 m (45 ft).broken-topped ba I sam pop!ar (Kessel et a I.
1982a).
1.0 km (0.6 mil up the Susltna River from Its confluence with
I nd ian RI ver and on top of a 23 m (75 ft),broken-topped
poplar,4 m (15 ft)from the north riverbank (White 1974;
Kessel et ,al.1982a).
TABLE E.3.127b!Page 3)
GYR-I
GYR-2
GYR-3
At midpoint of Vee Canyon and 100 m (330 ft)up a 113 m
(370 ft)cliff on the south bank of the Susltna River (White
1974,Kessel et al.1982a).
6.8 km (4.2 mil down The Sus Itna RI ver from the mouth of
Devil Creek and 2.6 km (1.6 ml)up a gorge on Ttle south side
of the river.Nest Is 100 m (330 ft)up 105 m (345 ft)cl Iff
In the creek canyon (White 1974,Kessel et al.1982a).
1.8 km Cl.l mI)due south of the proposed Devil's Canyon dam-
sIte.An active nest was reported In 1974 and White (1974)
commented that it was "•••back fr,om high water limits about
1/2 mile••••"
-
GOS-I 0.3 km CO.2 mD west of the mouth of Koslna Creek on the
south bank of the Susltna River (B.Cooper 1982 pers.
Cotmll.).
GOS-2 1.6 km (1.0 ml)up the Sus,tna River from the mouth of Fog
Creek and on the southeast side of the river.Goshawk nests
reported at th Is locaTion Tn 1974 (Whol ta 1974).
GOS-3 2.0 km (l.3 mt)southeast of the Devll's Canyon damsite in
paper birch on steep s lope (B.Cooper 1982 pers.comm.i
Kessel 1982 pers.comm.).
-
2.4km (l.5ml)upriver from Vee Canyon and 0.6km (0.4ml)
up a narrow canyon on ttle north side of the Susltna River...A
nest was reported on the east side of the narrow canyon about
0.2 km (0.1 ml)from a sma I I stream In 1974 (Wh I te 1974).
0.6 km (0.4 ml)up the Susltna River from the midpoint of Vee
Canyon.An active nest was reported on the north side of the
Susltna Rive,on a south-facing cliff In 1974 (White 1974).
R-3 At mldpolnt of Vee Canyon an active nest was reported on the
south-facing slope of the north bank of the Susltna River In
1974 (WhIte 1974).
R-1
R-I
R-4 5.6 to 6.6 km (3.5-4.1 ml)down the Susltna River from the
midpoint ·o.t Vee Canyon on the nor"N,bank.An active nest was
reported at this general location in 1974 (White 1974).It
was probably located on one of the two small existing south-
facIng cliff areas.
R-5 1.6km (l.Oml)up Jay Creek from Its confluence with the
Sus Itna River.An act.tll'e Des t 'Was reported about O.1 km
(300 ft)east of Jay Creek up a small unnamed tributary that
joIns Jay Creek (White 1974).
-
R-6 1.4 km (0.8 ml)up Koslna Creek from Its confluence with the
SusltnaRlver.An active nest was reported l'Ibout 0.2 km
(0.1 ml)east of Koslna Creek on a northwest-facing hIli
(White 1974).
R-7 .4.6 km (2.8 mJ)down the Sus Itna River from the mouth of
Koslna ·Creek.An active nest was reported on the north bank
of the Susltna River In 1974 {White 1974).-R-8 5.0 km (3.1 mD up the Susltna River from the mouth of Watana
Creek.An active nest was reported on the north bank of the
Susltna River In 1974 (White 1974).
R-9 1,.0 kill up (0.6 mil The Susltna River from the moutt'rl of Watana
Creek.An active nest was reported on t,ne noriin,l!Ian',II\off fhe
Susltna River In 1974 (WhIte 1974).
TABLE E.3.127b (Page 4)
R-l0
R-ll
,-
R-12
,-,
R-13
-.,
R-14
R-15
R-16
4.6 km (2.8 mi)down the Susltna RIver from the mouth of
Watana Creek.An active nest was reported on the north bank
of the Susltna River in 1974 <White-1974).The nest was
Inactive In 1980 (Kessel et al.19828).
0.2 km CO.1 ml)down the Susl tna Ri vel"from the mouth of
Deadman Creek.A ,nest was reported on the soutt!bank of the
Susitna almost opposite the mouth of Deadman Creek (White
1974)•
1.4 km (0.9 mil up Deadman Creek from Its confluence with the
Susltna Ri ver and 13 m (45 ft)up a 32 m (105 ft)cliff on
t he east bank of the creek (Kessei et a1.1982a).
4.2 km (2.6 mil up Tsusena Creek from Its confluence with the
Susltna River.Two nests (alterates)were reported to be on
a cliff on the east bank of the creek.(Kessel et al.
1982a)•
3.8km (2.4 mil up FOfl Creek from its confluence with the
Susitna River.Two nests (alternates)were located on the
north s I de of the creek and another a I ternate nest was
iocated on the south side.(Kessel et al.1982a).
2.4 km (1.5 ml)up Fog Creek from Its confluence with the
Susltna River.Two nests lat'ternat,es)were located on the
north side of the creek and an active nest was located on the
south side of the creek (Kessel et al.1982a).
7.4 km (4.6 mI)up the Sus Itna River from the mouth of Dev i I
Creek.Nests were reported on the north bank of the Sus I tna
River in 1974 (White 1974).
.....
R-17
R-18
R-19
7.4 km (4.6 ml)up the Susitna River from the mouth of Devil
Creek and O.5km up a sma!I drainage that flows south Into
the Susitna River.A nest was reported at this locatIon In
1974 (White 1974).
2.4 km (1.5 mil up the Susitna River from the mouth of Devil
Creek.A nest was reported 01 the north shore of the Susitna
River In 1974 (White 1974).
1.0 km (0.6 mI)up Devil Creek from Its conf I uence with the
Susltna River and near the top of a cliff on the west bank of
the creek.An acti ve nest was reported here in 1974 (Wh I te
1974)and it was active in 1980 (Kessel et al.1982a).
R-20
I"'"
1.9 km <1.2 mil down the Susitna River from the mouth of
Devil Creek on cliffs on the northwest side of the river
(Kessel,unpubl.data).
R-21 3.6 km (2.3 ml)up the Susitna River from the lOOuth of
Portage Creek and 0.6 km <0.4 mil downstream from the pro-
posed Oevi1Ca~yon damsite on the north bank of the river.A
nest was reported at this location in 1974 (WhIte 1974).
TABLE E.3.128:BREEDING PHENOLOGIES OF EAGLES,GYRFALCON,
AND COMMON RAVEN IN INTERIOR ALASKA
(from l\esselet at.T913Za)
a Dates of Phases of Breed J n9 Cyc Ie _
Species Status Arrlval/Courtshlp Egg-Laylng Incubation NestllnQs Fledglng/Dlspersal
Go I den eag Ieb M Mar 5-Apr 30 Apr 1~ay 10 Apr 15-June 20 June I-Sept 1 Aug I -Sept 25
Bald eagle b M/R Mar 10-May 1 Mar 2~ay 10 Apr 30-June 30 May 20-Sept 15 Aug I-Sept 30
Gyrtalcon b R Mar l-Apr 10 Apr l~ay 20 Apr 5-June 25 May 15-Aug 15 July 100Sept 30
Raven c R Mar l-Apr 15 Apr l~ay 5 Apr 5~ay 25 Apr 25-June 25 May 25-Juty 15
ab M =mIgrant,R =resIdent
Data summarized from Roseneau et al.(1981)
c Based on calculations from Kessel (unpubl tshed data)and Brown (1914)
]t )J ,I •J t t ,]]J J J J )J
1 -~I I --_.~_...J 1 -)-1 J --~~-,."~-...~•I :II J
TABLE E.3.129:DATA ON BALD EAGLE NESTS ALONG THE SUSITNA RIVER,BETWEEN DEVIL CANYON AND COOK INLET.NESTS
IN 1980 WERE OBSERVED IN APRIL BY U.S.FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICES;1981 NESTS WERE LOCATED ON
26 JUNE BY TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIALISTS,INC.;THE 1982 NESTS WERE RESULTS OF
UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA M~SEUM SURVEYS.ALL 1982 NESTS WERE LOCATED IN LARGE,OLD COTTONWOOD TREES.
(from Kessel et al.1982b)
01 stance
Year and No.Nest Tree Broken Tree from
Status ChIcks Height Height Topped dead or river ElevatIon
80 81 82 1982 Loca I ity (m)(m)?a live (m)(m/ft)
N A A 1 62°47'N 149°38'W:North bank of Susltna River 1 km upstream from confluence with 23 23 Yes "ve 4 244 (800)
Indian River
N A I 0 62°40'N 149°55'W:Island in Susltna River 4 km downstream from Sherman 21 21 Yes dead 250 182 (600)
N A A 2 62°20'N 150 0 10'W:Confluence of Chulitna and Susltna rivers 25 33 No dead 200 107 (350)
A 2 62°21'N 150 0 03'W:South bank of Talkeetna River 3 km upstream from confluence 27 30 No live 3 116 (380)
with Sus itna River
A 1 62°19'N 150 0 08'W:West bank of Susltna River opposite Talkeetna 30 33 No live 10 107 (350)
N A A
>1 62°13'N 150 0 06'W:East bank of Susltna River 4.5 km upstre~m from Parks 22 33 No live 5 91 (300)
Highway Bridge
N -A -62°10'N 150 0 10'W:East bank of Susitna River 2 km downstream from Parks -- ---91 (300)
Highway Bridge
76 (250)A A -62°01'N 150 0 06'W:Island in Susltna River near Sheep Creek Slough -----
N -A -61°49'N 150 0 10'W:Island In Susltna River west of Kashwltna Lake 12 23 No live 30 30 (100)
N -A >1 61°47'N 150 0 10'W:Island In Susitna River opposite mouth of Willow Creek 23 30 No II ve 10 30 (100)
N -A -1 61°46'N 150 0 13'W:Island In Susitna River 2 km west of mouth of Willow Creek 30 34 No dead 90 24 (80)
A 2 61°45'N 150 0 15'W:Northwest corner of Delta Islands 30 30 Yes live 40 24 (80)
N A A
>1 61°43'N 150 0 19'W:West bank of Susltna River .5 km upstream from mouth of 28 28 Yes live 100 30 (100
Kroto Creek
N -I 0 61°43'N 150 0 17'W:East bank of Susitna River opposite mouth of Kroto Creek 22 30 No live 20 27 (90)
N -A >1 61°40'N 150 0 19'W:East bank of Susltna River opposite Kroto Slough 23 27 Yes live 5 30 (100)
N -I -0 61°39'N 150 0 20'W:Island In Susitna River near Kroto Slough 20 27 No live 100 24 (80)
N -I 0 61 °39 'N 150 0 21'W:Island In Susltna River near Kroto Slough 27 30 No live 5 24 (80)
A -61°37'N 150 0 23'W:Island in Susltna River 5 km upstream from Yentna River mouth 23 ~O No lIve 100 20 (60)
A -61°35'N 150 0 25'W:Island at confluence of Yentna and Susitna rivers -----17 (50)
A >1 61°28'N 150 0 30'W:East bank of Susltna River east of .Flat Horn Lake 23 27 Yes live 5 10 (30)
I -0 61°28'N 150 0 32'W:West bank of Susltna River east of Flat Horn Lake 23 25 Yes live 3 10 (30)
A -61°24'N 150 0 30'W:South end of Bel I Island -..,---7 (20)
I 0 61°22'N 150 0 36'W:Northern end of Big Island 20 34 No live I 3 (10)
I 0 61°22'N 150 0 37'W:West bank of Susitna River west of Big Island 18 23 No live 2 3 (10)
f 0 61°20'N 150 0 38'W:West side of Big Island 20 23 Yes dead 20 3 (10)
I 0 61°20'N 150 0 28'W:West side of Big Island 20 20 Yes dead 20 3 (10)
I 0 61°25'N 150 0 28'W:East bank of Susltna River near Maid Lake --Yes -.3 (10)
I 0 61 °22'N 150°31 'W:Island In the Susltna River west of Beaver Lake --Yes --3 (10)
N ---61°22'N 150°01 'W:Confluence of the Chunllna and Talkeetna rivers --- --137 (450)
N ---62°20'N 150 0 05'W:Island 1 km up to Talkeetna River ...-- - -
107 (350)
N ---62°17'N 150 0 08'W:Island In Susitna River 3 km downstream from Talkeetna -----107 (350)
N ---62°16'N 150 0 09'W:West bank of Susltna River 6 km downstream from Talkeetna -----107 (350)
A --61°59'N 150 0 07'W:Island In Susltna River near mouth of Sheep Creek -----60 (200)
N ---61°54'N 150 0 07'W:East bank of Susitna River near mouth of 196 Mi Ie Creek -----45 (150)
N ---61°46'N 150 0 13'W:North end of Delta Islands -----30 (100)
A --61°28'N 150 0 32'W:West bank of Susltna River west of Bell Island --- --7 (20)
A --61°27'N 150 0 30'W:Island in Susltna River east of Bel I Island -----7 (20)
N ---61°57'N 150 0 06'W:Island in Susltna River 1 km upstream from Caswell Creek mouth -----55 (180)
Key:N =nest,A =active nest,I =inactive next,-=no Information
TABLE E.3.130:SUMMARY OF TOTAL NUMBERS AND SPECIES COMPOSTION OF
WATERBIRDS SEEN ON LAKES SURVEYED IN SUMMER 1981
IN THE MIDDLE SUSITNA BASIN
<based on Kessal et al.1982a)-
Species
Summer 1981
Adu 1ts Broods
Common loon
Arctic loon
Red-throated loon
Red-necked grebe
Horned grebe
Trumpeter swan
Mallard
PintaIl
Green-winged teal
Northern shoveler
American wigeon
Scaup.greater and lesser
Goldeneye.common and Barrow's
01 dsquaw
White-winged seoter
Surf scoter
BI aek seoter
Scoter spp.
Red-breasted merganser
Merganser spp.
Mew gu II
Bonaparte's gul I
Arctic tern
Total birds
Total wetland area surveyed (km 2 )
Density (blrds/km 2 of wetlands)
22
2
8
7
5
16
10
7
2
7
8
70
6
47
81
33
26
6
1
1
83
5
48
461
20.5
22.5
3o
o
1
5
1
1
2
1
1
6
5
1
11o
2
11
1
1
o
7
o
o
60
20.5
-
-.
-
-'l
I
-
-
1 .]~-1 )·1 .'V
I
~11
J
''I»1 1
TABLE E.3.131:SUMMARY OF TOTAL NUMBERS AND SPECIES COMPOSITION OF
WATERBIRDS SEEN ON SURVEYED WATERBODIES DURING AERIAL
SURVEYS OF THE UPPER SUSITNA RIVER BASIN,FALL 1980
(from Kessel et al.19929)
DATE OF SURVEY
Species 7 Sept 11 Sept 16 Sept 20 Sept 26 Sept 3 Oct TOTAL
loon spp.4 1 5
Common loon 3 2 3 8
Red-oecked grebe 2 3 4 5 3 17
!-brnad grebe 1 4
,17 9 2 2 35
Swan spp.34 29 9 12 20 104
Canada goose 1 20 21
~erican Wigeon 155 325 97 88 56 721
Green-winged teal 30 83 9 1 2 125
Mallard 10 64 14 116 110 124 438
Pintail 60 60 53 21 3 4 201
Blue-winged teal 1 1
Northern shoveler 8 20 28
Ring-oecked duck 2 12 14
Scaup spp.165 347 499 370 293 180 1854
Oldsquaw 7 4 13 13 16 4 57
Black seater 8 38 25 24 10 105
Seater spp.*6 56 72 134
surf scoter 5 4 2 11
I'ttlite-winged seoter 10 1 6 1 18
Bufflehead 33 40 95 121 101 396
Glldeneye spp.15 36 68 124 95 133 471
Merganser spp.8 30 36 68 19 161
TOTAL BIRIl5 270 803 1241 953 927 731 4925
2 13.11 22.08 25.76 27.53 29.00Totalwetlandareasurveyed(km )24.25
Density (birds/km 2 of wetlands)20.6 36.4 48.2 34.6 32.0 30.1
--
*Surf or ~ite-winged seater
TABLE E.3.132:SUMMARY OF TOTAL NUMBERS AND SPECIES COMPOSITION OF
WATERBIRDS SEEN ON SURVEYED WATERBODIES DURING AERIAL
SURVEYS OF THE UPPER SUSITNA RIVER BASIN.FALL 1981
(from Kes~er at al 1982a)
DATE OF SURVEY
Species 15-16 Sept 26 Sept 26 Sept-9 Oct 12-19 Oct 20-23 Oct TOTAL
Common loon 2 3 3 1 9
Arctic loon
Red-throated loon
Loon spp.
Red-necked grebe 12 3 1 16
Horned grebe
Wh i st I ing swan -18 24 42
Trumpeter swan 6 10 14 30
Swan sPP.41 25 22 13 101
Canada goose 50 50
Ma liard 41 153 131 142 467
Pintail 32 32
Green-winged teal 13 3 16
Northern shoveler
American Wigeon 133 14 5 152
Canvasback
Redhead
Scaup.greater and lesser 479 166 51 90 786
Goldeneye.common and Barrow's 18 125 6/3 36 247
Bufflehead 17 20 29 52 118
Oldsquaw 15 31 7 1 54
White-winged scater 69 13 82
Surf scoter 29 29
Black scoter 1 6 2 1 10
Scoter.spP.69 1 92 162
Common merganser 1 2 3
Red-breasted merganser
Merganser spp.77 38 18 133
TOTAL BIRDS 915 607 436 568 13 2539
Total wetland area surveyed (km 2 )25.68 25.68 21.}1 11.57 6.62
Km 2 of 100%frozen waterbodles
surveyed*0 1.41 3.91 3.76**2.00
Density (birds/km2 of wetlands)35.6 23.6 20.5 49.1 1.96
*Other waterbodies had at least some open water
**An additional 9.22 km 2 of 100%frozen wat.erbodies were not surveyed In mld-october
because they were known to be frozen.By late October only Stephen and Murder Lakes
st II I had some open water.
J I "I )J I ~J J ..J ]J J ]I )I
-1 'I
J 'lj J 1 1 1 1 J 'B»1 1 i~
TABLE E.3.133:SUMMARY OF TOTAL NUMBERS AND SPECIES COMPOSITION OF
WATERBIRDS SEEN ON SURVEYED WATERBODIES DURING AERIAL
SURVEYS OF THE UPPER SUSITNA RIVER BASIN,SPRING 1981
ffrom Kessel et al.1982a)
DATE OF SURVEY
Species ~?May---.~10 ~~'i-=-~__26 Ma.'l TOTAL
2
11
91 18
71 70
67 47
12
5 94
1
103
51
2
2
4
1
12
Common loon
Arctic loon
Red-throated loon
Loon spp.
Red-neck~d grebe
Horned grebe
Whistling swan
Trumpeter swan
Swan sPP.
Canada goose
Mallard
Pintail
Green-winged teal
Northern shoveler
American wigeon
canvasback
Redhead
Scaup,greater and lesser
Goldeneye,common and Barrow's
Bufflehead
Oldsquaw
Whlte-wlnged scoter
Surf scoter
BI8ck scoter
Scoter,spP.
Common merganser
Red-breasted merganser
Merganser sPP.
TOTAL BIRDS
Total wetland area surveyed (km 2 )
Km 2 0 f 100%frozen wa ter bod I es
surveyed*
Density (blrds/km2 of wetlands)
242
25.68
14.31
9.4
3
492
25.68
1.97
19.2
4
5
2
4
4
1
6
10
121
116
38
28
99
28
513
38
10
84
16
35
42
74
7
2
25
1312
25.68
o
51.1
4
5
2
7
4
2
8
21
296
257
152
40
198
1
28
616
89
12
86
16
39
43
86
7
2
25
2046
*Other waterbodles had atleast some open water.
TABLE E.3.134:SEASONAL POPULATION STATISTICS FOR THE MORE IMPORTANT OF
SURVEYED WATERBODIES OF THE MIDDLE SUSITNA RIVER BASIN,
1980-81.INCLUDED ARE WATERBODIES THAT WERE AMONG THOSE HAVING
THE SIX HIGHEST IMPORTANCE VALUE RATINGS IN AT LEAST ONE SEASON
(from Kessel et ar;-T982llJ
FaTTI~O**··rall 1981**SprIng 198fft Summer 1981
Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean DensIty
Size no.densIty no.no.densIty no.no.densIty no.no.of no. no.
Water body (km 2 )bIrds (no/km 2 )specIes birds (no/km 2 )specIes bIrds 2 adults adults(no/km )species specIes broods
Murder Lake -WB107 0.15 39.0 260.0 4.3 38.0 253.3 3.0 51.3 342.2 5.0 23 153.3 5
Stephan Lake -WB106 3.55 156.0 43.9 9.5 168.5 47.5 5.0 99.7 28.1 7.3 87 24.5 9 2
(Tyone R -Oshetna R 0.90 53.5 59.4 5.0 30.5 33.9 2.5 48.3t 53.7t 3.7t 75 83.3 11 4
group -WB140)
(MacLaren R-Tyone R 1.04 212.8 204.6 6.5 123.0 118.3 5.0 54.7t 52.6t 3.7t
group -WB 131)
(Clarence Lake group-1.60 103.8 64.8 7.0 42.5 26.6 4.5 58.7 36.7 7.0 35 21.9 8 6
WB145)
(Fog Lakes group 1-1.44 72.8 50.5 6.5 55.0 38.2 3.0 21.3 14.8 4.7 54 37.5 11 5
WB059)
Watana Lake -WB148 1.25 95.8 76.6 3.8 34.5 27.6 2.0 21.3t 17.1t 3.0t 8 6.4 3 0
PIstol Lake (Lower 0.76 19.0*17.9*4.0*4.0t 5.3 1.5t 85.0 111.8 6.0 15 19.7 8 5
Deadman Creek group-
WB067)
(Fog Lakes group 11-0.07 ----- - ---8 114.3 4 6
WB032)
SwImming Bear Lake-0.57 ---11.5 20.2 0.5 4.7t 8.2t 0.7t 33 57.9 5 4
we150
1 Codes are those used by Kessel et al.(1982a)
*Combr'nes WB 064-067
**September 11,16,20 and 26,1980;September 15 and 26,1981
t 100 percent frozen on at least one survey
ttMay 3,10,and 26,1981
-Not surveyed
J .J ]I J )I J ..1 _J ).1 J J J I ))
I -,]J J 1 1 J 1 ~I ---1 -]1 J ]•
TABLE E.3.135:SUMMARY OF TOTAL NUMBERS AND SPECIES COMPOSITION OF WATERBIRDS SEEN
DURINGSPRt~G AERIAL SURVEYS OF THE LOWER SUSITNA RIVER,1981 AND 1982
(from Ke-ssel et lJr~--1982ti,~sser;-unpub.data)
Devil Canyon to
Talkeetna (14 km)
Ta I keetna to
Montana (33 km)
Montana to
Kashwltna Lake (29 km)
Kashwltna Lake to Mouth Yenta River to
mouth of Yenta River Cook Inlet (37 km)
(36 km)
Species May May May May May
7/81 10/82 21/82 28/82 7/81 10/82 21/82 28/82 7/81 10/82 21/82 28/82 7/81 10/82 21/82 28/82 7/81 10/82 21/82 28/82
Arctic loon 2
Red-throated 100h
Loon sPP.8
Red-necked grebe 1 4
Swan sPP.2 2 1 60 400 20
WhIte-fronted goose
Brant 2
Canada goose 1 4 1 21
Green-winged teal 34 5 3
Ma liard 18 8 2 1 23 12 23 2 7 I 1 2 2 3 12
Pintail 13 3 3
American wigeon 2 14 4 9 5
Canvasback 2 20
Seaup sPP.1 2 100
Scoter spp.2
G6ldeneye spp.11 2 6 2 3 10 2
Bufflehead 2 2 14
Common merganser 2 4 6 2 9 1 70 8 64 119
Merganser spP.6 4 6 61 8 102
Total no.species 11 7 9 9 14
Mean no.bIrds/survey 29 16 31 12 296
Mean no.blrds/km 0.4 0.5 1.1 0.3 8.0
TABLE E.3.136:NUMBER OF TERRITORIES OF EACH SPECIES ON EACH 10-HECTARE CENSUS PLOT,UPPER SUSITNA RIVER BASIN,ALASKA,1981
(+=SMALL PORTION OF A BREEDING TERRITORY ON CENSUS PLOT,COUNTED AS 0.1 IN DENSITY AND DIVERSITY CALCULATIONS:
V =VISITOR TO PLOT ~____
(from Kessel et al.1982a)
~~.-,----------~~-White White
Dwarf-Low MedIum Low-Medlum Ta II Spruce-Spruce-White Black
BIrch Birch Willow Alder Cotton-Paper Paper Paper White Spruce Spruce
AlpIne Shrub Shrub Shrub Shrub wood Birch Birch Birch Spruce Scattered Dwarf
~liIcles Tundra Thicket Thicket Thicket Thicket Forest Forest Forest I Forest II Forest Woodland Forest
Pintail V
Goshawk V V
Marsh hawk V
Spruce grouse V V V 1.0 1.0 V V
Ruffed grouse +
WI I low ptarmigan 0.5 V V
Rock ptarmigan 0.7
White-tal led ptarmigan +
American golden plover '"V
Greater yel lowlegs +
Common snipe V V 0.5 1.0
Baird's sandpiper 0.8 V
Long-tailed Jaeger V
Short-eared owl V V
Common f II cker V
HaIry woodpecker 1.0 1.0
Downy woodpecker 0.5
N.three-toed woodpecker V 0.3 1.0 V V
Alder flycatcher 1.0
Olive-sided flycatcher V V
Horned lark 0.3 V
.Tree swa I low V V V
Gray Jay 1.0 V 0.5 0.5 J.O +V
Black-bll led magpie V
Common raven V
Black-capped chickadee 1.8 V V V
Boreal chickadee V 1.7 1.0 V V 1.0
Brown creeper 2.0 1.0
American robIn 0.5 V V 0.5 0.5
Varied thrush 1.5 10.0 3.5 2.5 3.3 2.9 V V
Hermit thrush 2.2 V .6.1 3.8 V
Swalnson's thrush 6.9 5.5 5.4 8.0 3.0 V V
Gray-cheeked thrush 3.8 V V 3.9 2.5
Arctic warbler 4.8 3.6 2.8
)J _J J --)I J -j J J J J J ]J J _J
--1 --"1 !--,J )--'J ~J 1 -1 1 J J -J•
TABLE E.3.136 (Paqe 2)
White White
Dwarf-Low Med lum low-Med lum Tall Spruce-Spruce-White Black
Birch Birch WIllow Alder Cotton-Paper Paper Paper White Spruce Spruce
AI pine Shrub Shrub Shrub Shrub wood Birch Birch Birch Spruce Scattered Dwarf
Species Tundra Thicket Thicket Thicket Thicket Forest Forest Forest I Forest II Forest Woodland Forest
Ruby-crowned kl nQlet V V 3.3 1.0 4.2 0.8 4.0
Water pipit 0.5
Bohemian waxwing V
OranQe-crowned warb ler V
Yel low-rumped warbler +7.0 9.8 7.5 9.5 1.0 0.8 2.5
Blackpoll warbler V 4.4 3.9 1.8 0.5 2.0 1.5
Northern waterthrush 6.1 +2.5 V
WII son'swi!lrb lar 8.8 9.2 1.2 4.0 3.8 4.0 9.4
Rusty bl8ckblrd V
Comrron redpoll V V 1.5 V 2.5 2.0 2.0 3.0 V 0.5 1.0
Pine slskl'n V V
Wh Ite-w I nged crossb r II V V V V V V V
Savannah sp8rrow 1.0 5.8 3.0 12.3 V 2.5 0.8
Dark-eyad Junco 2.8 1.8 2.5 3.9 4.5 2.5 2.0 2.0
Tree sperrow 2.5 11.8 15.0 1.5 7.9 2.6
Wh Ite-crowned sparrow 0.3 4.1 3.8 +3.5 6.5 2.5
Fox sparrow V 1.6 4.6 1.0 1.9 V 3.5 2.9
Lincoln's spi!lrrow V
Lapland longspur 1.0 0.8
Snow buntl ng 0.2
TABLE E.3.137:NUMBER OF TERRITORIES OF EACH BIRD SPECIES ON EACH 10-HECTARE CENSUS PLOT.UPPER SUSITNA RIVER BASIN.ALASKA.1982
(+=SMALL PORTION OF A BREEDING TERRITORY ON CENSUS PLOT.COUNTED AS 0.1 IN DENSITY AND DIVERSITY CALCULATIONS;
V =VISITOR TO PLOT.)
(from Kessel.unpu61.tables)
White White
Dwarf-Low Medium Low-Medlum Tall Spruce- Spruce-.Whlte Black
Birch Birch Willow Alder Cotton-Paper Paper Paper White Spruce Spruce
Alpine Shrub Shrub Shrub Shrub wood Birch Birch Birch Spruce SCl!lttered Dwarf
Species Tundrl!l Thicket Thicket Thicket Thicket Forest Forest Forest I Forest II Forest Woodland Forest
Goshawk V +
Marsh hawk V
Spruce grouse +0.5 +
Willow pt~rmlgan ++
Rock ptarmigan V
American golden plover 0.5
Whlmbrel
Greater yel'owlegs +
'Common sn Ipe V V +0.5
Long-bll led dowitcher V
Baird's sandpiper 2.0
Great horned owler V
Hawk owl V
Short-eared owl V
Common fIIcker V
Hairy woodpecker 1.0
Downy woodpecker 0.5
N.three-toed woodpecker 0.5
Olive-sIded flycatcher +
Horned lark 0.6 0.3
Tree swallow V V
Vlolet~reen swallow V
Gray Jay V 0.8 1.0 0.5 V
Black~bllied magpie V
Common raven V
Black-capped chickadee 2.0
Boreal chIckadee V 1.0 2.0 V
Brown creeper +1.0
American robin +++V 0.9
VarIed thrush +0.5 3.5 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 V
HermIt thrush 1.8 4.0
Swalnson's thrush +2.5 1.0 4.1 5.0 4.0
Gray-cheeked thrush 3.0 V 1.3 2.5
Wheatear V
]~l J !J I J ]J ]J ~1 J J _J .J J I ,
]J '1 ,1 1 '.--lj,1 1 1 -]
TABLE E.3.137 (Page 2>
White White
Dwarf-Low Medium Low-Medlum Tall Spruce-Spruce-White Black
Birch Birch Willow Alder Cotton-Paper Paper Paper White Spruce Spruce
Alpine Shrub Shrub Shrub Shrub wood Birch Birch Birch Spruce Scattered Dwarf
S.e!.cl es Tundra Thicket Thicket Thicket Thicket Forest Forest Forest I Forest II Forest Woodland Forest
Arctic warbler 5.0 .3.0 2.0
Ruby-crowned kinglet 2.8 3.8 4.1 1.5 1.8
Water pipit 2.0
Orange-orowned warbler 0.8 V +V
Yel low-rumped warbler 0.8 2.0 4.0 4.3 5.8 3.0 1.8
Blackpol I warbler 2.5 3.0 0.8 V +V 0.8
Northern waterthrush 2.3 1.3 +V
Wilson's warbler 2.7 4.0 2.3 V 2.0 3.5 0.3 V 3.7
Common redpoll V V V V V V V 1.0 0.5
P j ne grosbeak V V
White-winged crossbi II V V
Savannah sparrow 1.0 8.3 3.2 6.3 1.0 +
Dark-eyed Junco 2.3 3.3 2.8 5.0 3.5 V 1.4
Tree sparrow 3.0 7.8 7.6 3.6 1.5
White-crowned sparrow +2.0 3.4 V 1.5 4.5 2.0
Golden-crowned sparrow 0.8
Fox sparrow V 3.1 4.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 3.5
Lincoln's sparrow V
Lapland longspur 1.0 0.5
Snow bunting V
TABLE E.3.138:COMPARISON OF BREEDING BIRD DENSITIES,1981 AND 1982,
MIDDLE SUSITNA RIVER IN ALASKA
(based on Kessel et al.1982a,Kessel un pub.data)
Density
No.Breeding
Dlverslty3 (HI)
(No.terrltorles/
Species 10 hal
Avian Census Plots4 1981 1982 1981 1982 1981 1982 Change2 (%)-(1)Alpine tundra 1 10 7 1.73 1.66 4.8 6.2 +23.1
(2)Dwarf-low birch shrub 1 7 6 1.29 0.91 11.9 11.6 0
(3)Medium birch shrub 5 5 1.48 1.49 32.5 20.7 -36.3 -
(4)Low-medium willow shrub 6 9 1.56 1.80 45.4 25.4 -44.1
(5)Tall alder shrub 10 9 2.05 2.02 12.5 11.8 -5.6
(6)Cottonwood forest 16 13 2.55 2.30 60.9 25.0 -58.9
(7)Paper birch forest 10 9 2.05 2.02 38.1 21.4 -43.8 -,
(8)White spruce-paper 14 11 2.47 2.26 41.8 26.4 -36.8
birch forest I
(9)White spruce-paper 13 13 2.07 2.09 34.6 26.6 -23.1 -birch forest II
(10)White spruce forest 8 13 1.83 1.84 15.7 18.1 +15.3
(11)~hlte spruce woodland 16 9 2.29 1.95 43.8 19.2 -56.2
(12)Black spruce dwarf 13 II 2.43 2.13 24.8 16.8 -32.3
forest
1 Based on 25-ha plot;other plots were 10 ha.~Overa!I number of territories on 150 ha of censused plots decreased 37.5 percent.-Shannon-Weaver diversity Index.
4 Plot numbers from Table E.3.139 given in parentheses.Names from Kessel et al.(1982a).
-
~,
-
TABLE E.3.139:HABITAT DISCRIPTIONS OF 10 HA AVIAN CENSUS PLOTS
(modified from descriptions In Kessel et al.1982a)
Kessel et al.(1982a)
Plot NamesI~
(I)
(2)
(3)
alpine tundra
dwarf-low birch
shrub thicket and
medium birch
shrub thicket
Equivalent Kessel
(1979)Av I,n
Habitats
dwarf shrub mat «0.4m),
dwarf shrub meadow and
block field
low shrub thicket
(0.4-1.lm),and medium
shrub thicket (1.2-2.4m)
Approximate
Viereck and Dyrnes,
(1980)Equivalents
mat and cushion tundra,
mesic sedge-grass tundra
low shrubland «1.5111)
and talt shrubland
(>1.5111)
Equivalent Mappable
<1:63,360 Scale)
Vegetation Type
Units (McKendrick et al.(1982»
2mat and cushion tundra,
dwarf sedge shrub meadow and
mesic sedge-grass tundra.
low birch shrub
(4)low-medium
willow shrub
thicket
(5)ta II alder
thicket
(6)cottonwood
forest
(7)paper birch
forest
(8)white spruce-
paper birch
forest [and
(9)white spruce-
paper birch
forest II
(10)whIte spruce
forest
(11>white spruce
scattered
woodland
(12)black spruce
dwarf forest
low shrub thicket
(0.4-1.lm),and medium
shrub thicket (1.2-2.4m)
tall shrub thicket
(2.5-4.9m)
deciduous forest (90$
of canopy)
deciduous forest (90$
of canopy)
coniferous forest
(10-90$of canopy)
coniferous forest
(90%of canopy)
scattered woodland
(>5111)
dwarf forest «5m,
stunted growth
0.2-20$canopy)
low shrubland (>1.5111)
and tall shrub land
(>1.5)
tal I shrubland (>1.5111)
closed deciduous forest
(75%closed canopy cover)
closed deciduous forest
(75$c losedcanopy cover)
deciduous forest
(25-75$closed canopy
closed conifer forest
(75%closed canopy cover)
conifer and deciduous
woodland (10-24$closed
canopy cover)
conifer and deciduous
woodland (10-24$closed
canopy cover)
3 10w mixed shrub
tall shrubland
closed balsam poplar
forest
closed birch forest
deciduous forest
closed conifer forest
4woodtand white spruce
4 woodland black spruce
-
lAS given by Kessel et al.(1982a).
2Kessel et al.<l982a):"The alpine tundra plot contained 3 distinct avian habitats,,all typical of
and widespread In the high country of the region:dwarf shrub meadow,dwarf shrub mat and block field
(rock scree).""The dwarf shrub meadow was dominated by Carex mlcrochaeta and contained significant
quantities of dwarf shrub (up to 50$ground over)•••"---
~essel et al.(1982a)characterized the low-medium wi I low shrub thicket plot as heterogeneous with
medIum height shrub birch and willow over 2/3 of the plot.
4whlte spruce scattered woodland and black spruce dwarf forest are assigned to woodland conifer types
rather than the woodland mixed conifer-deciduous types suggested by Kessel et al.(1982a)on the basis
of Kessel et al._'s (1982a)descriptIons of plot vegetation.In particular,no deciduous tree component
appears to have been present In either plot (see Kessel et al.1982a:39 and Table 2,page 28).
TABLE E.3.140:MA.lJR AVIAN'HABITATS (f"THE MIDDlE SUS,lTNA BASIN
AND THEIR MOST COMMON AVIAN SPECIES
(from Kessel at.a1.19BZa)
-Lacustrine Waters and Shorelines:arctic tern,mew gull,greater and lesser
scaup,common loon
-Fluviatile Waters,Shorelines and Alluvia:spotted sandpiper,'mew gull,
violet-green swallow,harlequin duck
-!.pland Cliffs and Block-fields:gray~rowned rosy finch,common redpoll,
horned lark,American golden plover,water pipit
-Dwarf Shrub Mat :watel"pipit;American golden plover,horned lark,Lapland
longspur,rock ptarmigan
-low Shrub:savannah sparrow,tree sparrow,Lapland longspur,vtlite-crowned
sparrow
-Medium Shrub:tree sparrow,\'tIite-crowned sparrow,savannah sparrow,arct ic
warbler,Wilson's warbler
-Tall Shrub:hermit thrush,Wilson's warbler,fox sparrow,whi te-crowned
sparrow,tree sparrow
-Scattered Woodland and Dwarf Forest:lIlite-cro\\Tled sparrow,I\nerican robin,
bohemian waxWing,tree sparrow,ruby-crowned kinglet
-Mixed ~ciduous-Cofliferous Forest:hermit t.hrust,dark~yed'Junco,
yellow-rumped warbler,Swainsm's thrush"varied thrush
-~ciduous Forest:yellow-rumped warbler,common red/Xlll,Swainson '~6 thrush,
blackpoll warbler
-Coniferous Forest:ruby-cro\\Tled kinglet,varied thrush,dark~yed junco,
yellow-rumped warbler,Swainson's thrush
-
-
-
-
-
--'1 "
J -]1 ]J ')1 ]])"))-]I
TABLE E.3.141:RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF BIRDS BY HABITAT AND VEGETATION SUCCESSION
STAGE,LOWER SUSITNA RIVER FLOODPLAIN,JUNE 10-21,1982.FIGURES
ARE THE NUMBER OF BIRDS RECoRDED PER 100 MINUTES IN EACH HABITAT
(from Kessel et al.1962b)
~SUccessional ~nas--MIiFSuccesslonal Stan'ds Late Successional Stands
Mixed
Paper Blrch-Mixed
Dwarf Tall Tall MIxed Tall Alder-Cotton woo d-Paper elrch-
&Low MedIum Willow Alder Tall Inmature Cottonwood White Spruce 'White Spruce
Specl es AII uv Ia Shrub Shrub Shrub Shrub Shrub Cottonwood Forest Forest Forest
Goldeneye sp.
Semlpalmated plover
Spotted sandpIper
Herring gull
ArctIc Tern
Downy woodpecker
Hairy woodpecker
N.three-toed woodpecker
Alder flycatcher
Srack-capped chickadee
Brown creeper
VarIed thrush
Gray-checked thrush
Swalnsonls thrush
American robin,
Ruby-crowned kinglet
Baham Ian waxw I ng
Orange-crowned warbler
'fellow warbler
Yellow-rumped warbler
Blaekpoll warbler
Northern waterthrush
Wilson's warbler
Common redpoll
Fox sparrow
WhIte-crowned sparrow
Dark-eyed Junco
--~----2.1--------------
------13.0--------------
*-------4.2--------------
1.5
13.3
3.3
3.3
6.7
1.5
1.5 3.3
13.8
0.9 0.6
9.1 7.0
0.4
0.9 0.6
4.6 8.2
0.4
1.4
1.9
1.8 1.9
3.2 1.3
3.2 9.5
7.3 12.0
1.9
0.9 5.7
4.1 1.9
2.3 1.3
0.6
1.4
0.5
1.0
2.9
7.3
3.9
2.4
2.9
0.5
0.3
0.3
0.6
0.6
2.0 1.7 2.1
2.5 1.7
0.3
5.4 1.7 2.1
7.1 8.3 1.7
3.7 5.0 1.4
2.8 3.3 0.6
1.7 2.4
1.1 0.3
3.5
0.3
6.2 18.3 13.3
6.5 6.7 5.3
12.5 10.0 3.3
0.8 3.3 0.3
0.6 2.1
4.3 3.3 1.5
2.5 1.7 1.2
1.7 1.7 2.1
Total no.of spe~les 4 +4 5 14 14 9 19 15 17
Total no.of speetles In stand type 8 17 22
No.minutes of censuses/habitat 121 +65 30 219 158 206 352 60 358
Total rio.minutes of
census per stand type 192 613 750
Relative abundance/hablta+19.3 +18.5 30.0 40.6 54.4 22.8 61.1 71.7 46.5
Total relative abundance .-,
per stand type 25.5 31.5 51.5
TABLE E.3.142:1980 AND
Capturesper 100 Trap Night.s (No~o-rcapt.uresJ
Number of Capt.ures Percent
Species Fall 1980 Spring 1981 Fall 1981 fall 1982 All Trapping ~eriods of Total
Sorex cinereus 9.12 (61)0.93 09)11.36 (847)0.56 (42)(1289)34.6
S.monticolus 2.42 (96)0 0.64 (48)0.03 (2)(146)3.9
~arcticus 2.98 (118)0.07 (3)2.31 (172)0.13 (10)(03)8.1
~hoyi 0.13 (5)0 0.07 (5)0 (10)0.3
Clethrionom~rut.ilus 8.41 C.B3)2.23 (93)10.95 (816)2.89 (216)(1458)39.1
Microt.us pennsylvanicus 0.33 (13)0 0.74(55)0.47 (35)(103)2.8
M.oeconomus 0.61 (24)0.05 (2)2.12 (158)0.53 (40)(224)6.0
~miurus 0 0 0.91 (68)1.07 (80)(148 )4.0
Lemmus sibiricus 0 0.02 (1)0.23 (17)0.15 (11)(29)0.8
Synaptomys borealis 0 0 .0.05 (4)0.15 (11)(15)•0.4
Total captures 24.00 (950)3.30 (138)29.38 (2.190)5.98 (447)(3725)100.0
Nunber of trap nights 3960 4176 7455 7470
J J J J -,1 I J J I J 1 .J J )J }
.....
TABLE E.3.t43:STANDARDIZED HABITAT NICHE BREADTH VALUES FOR TEN SMALL MAMMAL
SPECIES SAMPLED BY SNAP AND PITFALL TRAPPING AT 43 SITES,
MIDDLE SUSITNA RIVER BASIN,FALL t981 (Niche Breadth Measures
were Calculated Using Formula Employed by Krebs and Wingate
(1976»
(from Kessel et al.1982a)
r
Species ( d l )
Masked shrew (464.7l
Northern red-backed vole (454.8)
Dusky shrew (28.3)
ArctIc shrew (96.3)
Brown lemming (to.2)
Tundra vole (87.7)
Northern bog lemmIng (2.2l
Meadow vole (43.8)
Pygmy shrew (2.8)
Singing vole (42.7)
Standardized
Habitat Niche Breadth Valuea
0.60
0.59
0.45
0.38
0.2t
0.17
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.05
.....
aHlgh nIche breadth values IndIcate that a species habitat Included a wide
range of vegetatIon types whereas low values IndIcate that a species occurred
In few vegetation types •
.,.,.
I
TABLE E.3.144:TIME SCHEDULE OF ANTICIPATED IMPACTS TO TERRESTRIAL
VERTEBRATES RESULTING FROM SUSITNA HYDRO PROJECT
2.Habitat Alteration and Temporary Habitat Loss
-Impoundment
clearing 12,545 1989 -1992 1,942
-Temporary
village 49 1987 -1988 24
-Temporary camp 58 1985 -1994 24
-Borrow Areas
(above Impoundment
level)1,323 1987 -1991 148
- A
333
- 0
287
- E
180 dates not
- F
280 available
- H
489
- I
34
- K
148
-Contractor Work
Areas 300 1985 -1995 195
Staging Areas
-mid access road data not available
-Cantwell 61 1985 -2002
-Gold Creek 61
Accessory roads data not available 1985 -??
Temporary airstrip data not available
(adjacent to dam)???
Transmission corridor
-Watana to Devil Canyon 379.8 dates not 209 additional
-Dev II Canyon to avallale
Gold Creek 77.5
1.Permanent HabItat Loss
Watana (alone)
Time period
Area affected over which area
(ha)Increases
131 1985 -1991
14,691 1985 -1993
14,691 1991 -1993
(a II below fill level)1985 -1991
app.558 1993-?
192 1985
192 1985
Devil Canyon (additional)
~
1988 -1994
1988 .....,
1991 -1994 -
1994
~
1999 -2001 -1995 -2002
1994 -2002 -
1996 -1999
""'IJ
1996 -1999
1996 ;,.2001
1999 -2001
1996 -1999
2001 -?
Time
Period
dllte not available ~
1994 -2002 .-
1994 -2002
,.."
I
1994 -2002
?
Area
(ha)
21
3,196
3,196
(also below fill level)
?
218
189
29
9
1987 -1988
1985
27
47
Impoundment
-flooding
-spo II sites
-erosion of
shore after
filling
Permanent village
Permanent airstrip
Access corridor
(Includes borrow
sites for access)
-Denali Highway
to Watana
-Watana to
Dev II Canyon
-Rail,DC to
Gold Creek
Dam and sp II Iways
-
TABLE E.3.144 (Page 2)
Watana and Devil Canyon
Climatic induced alteration
-dOl\l1stream reach
-near impoundment
Hydrologic induced alteration
-downstream reach
Area Affected
(Total area affected cannot be determined.Exact impact mechaisms
hypothesized include:1)delayed plant phenology due to snow
drifting and decreased surnner temperature,2)increased rainfall in
summer,3)increased winds,and 4)decreased summer temperatures)
(Total area affected cannot be determined.Exact impact mechanisms
hypothesized include:1)lowering water table,2)frosting of
vegetation,3)earlier plant phenology due to higher water
temperature,and 4)altered frequency and mechanisms of creation of
early successional vegetation.
3.Barriers,Impediments or Hazards to Movement
.....
-
Watana
-Impoundment
-Pccess corr idor
-O:!nali to Watana
-Open water downstream
-Transmission corridor
Devil Canyon
-Impoundment
-Pccess corridor
-Watana to O:!V il Canyon
-Rail l DC to !hId Creek
-Open water dOl\l1stream
-Increased aufeis downstream
-Transmission corridor
Date of
initiation
of impact
1991
1985
1993
1989 -1990
1999 -2001
1991
1991 -1994
2001
2001
1991 -2001
Comments
-water and/or ice shleving may act as
barrier or hazard to some species.
-snow drifting may block or impede
movements for some species.
-may be a ph:tsical or visual barrier to
some species
-may block crossings by some species.
-"hum"may cause frequent headaches,
thereby reducing frequency of
intromission and natalit.y for some
species.
-drifting of snow has been hypothesized
by some to present a barrier to move-
ments of some species.
-as Watana above
-as Wat.ana above
-will persist.further downstream w/D.C.
-may be hazard t.o some species
-"hum"will be louder wit.h D.C.
-corridor will be wider and snow drifting
has been hypot.hesized by some to present
a barrier to movements of some species.
TABLE E.3.144 (Page 3)
4.Disturbance Associated with Construction Activities
-
-,
Watana &Devil Canyon
Containment Structures
Borrow Areas
- A
- D
- E
- F
- H
- I
- K
Impoundment clearing
Access roads
-Denali Highway to Watana
-Watana to D.C.
-rail,D.C.to Gold Creek
Temporary camp
Permanent vii lage
Temporary airstrip
Additional airplane
and helicopter disturbance
Contractor work areas
Staging areas
-mid access road
-Cantwell
-Gold Creek
TransmIssion corridor
-clearing
-maintenance
Accessory roads
5.Increased Human Access
Hypothesized Impacts of both projects
Increased hunting and poaching
Increased risk of fire
Increased mortalIty due to
collisions with vehicles
Increased recreational disturbance
Increased human/wildlife confllct~
(especially bear encounters)
Duration for Watana
1985 -1991
1985 -1991
?
?
?
?
?
?
1989 -1992
1985
1985 -1994
1987
?
1982
1985 -1995
?
1985 -2002
1989 -1990
as required
?
Date of Initiation of Impact
1982-
1982-
1982-
1982-
1982-
DuratIon for Devil Canyon
1996 -1999
1996 -1999
?
1999 -2001
1991
1991 -1994
1994 -2002
?
1982
1994 -2002
1994 -2002
1989 -1990
as required
?
~-
"'""'
-
-
""'"
TABLE E.3.145:ANTICIPATED AND HYPOTHESIZED IMPACTS TO MOOSE
(1)Permanent Habitat Loss:
-Watana
..-
I
.....
.....
....
....
--Impoundment area and
pernlanent faclltles
--access corridor
-Dev 1\Canyon
--Impoundment area and
permanent facilities
--access carr I dor
(2)Habitat AlTeration and
Temporary Habl tat Loss:
-Watana
--Impoundment clearing
--reclaimed areas
--Impoundment shore eros Ion
--transmission corridor
-~llmatlc-Induced
habitat alteratIon
•Wintering habitat loss will be severe Impact
winter carrying capacIty 266 moose.
•Spring habitat loss,especially calving habitats
In lowland riparian areas,wIll be a major
Impact.
•Sunmer and fal I habitats are mostly In upland
areas,a small number of non-mlgratory moose wll I
be displaced.
•Small area of non~rlt leal habitat loss.
o May affect location of new special-use areas
following Impoundment filling.
•WI nter I ng hab I tat loss will affect an est I mated
36 moose based on carrying capacity data.
o Spring habitat loss will be minor but may dIs-
place a small number of moose which calve In this
area.
•No significant loss of sunmer or fal I habitats •
•Small area of non~rltlcal habitat loss.
•Clearing wi I I re:luee winter capacity prior 1'0
flood I ng.
•WI nter hab Itat for 37 moose will be affected.
Revegetat Ion I s I I kel y to res iore these area s as
moose hab I tat between 2-20 years fo I I owl ng dI s-
turbance.
•WII I occur em STeep s lopes of II ttl e val ue 1'0
moose.
•Nearly all 30,000 he of the corridor Is likely 1'0
becane Winter habl tat of reasonable quality 10
moose.No existing winter habitat will be made
unusable.Corridor will be maintained In early
success Ion throughout the II fe of the proj ect.
•Drifting snow Is unlikely to be a significant
factor In the 285-foot corr Idor and w!'I not
red uce for age ava II ab III tv •
•Snow drl ftlng from the reservoir surface Is .
unlikely fu extend far Into wooded winter habi-
taTS.I}-awdown and Ice-she I v Ing wi I I catch much
windblown snow and further drifting will occur at
the edge of open habItat and wooded areas.It Is
unlikely that the value of the Fog Lakes area as
wi nter range wi I I be negatlvel y affected.
•Delayed melt-off of drifts which do occur wl\I
reiuce the availabH Ity of low shrub habitat In
sprl n9 In a narrow band on the southwest sl"ore of
the Impoundment.
TABLE E.3.145 (Page 2)
--hydrologic-Induced
habitat alteration
-Devl I Canyon
--impoundment clearing
--reclaimed areas
--Impoundment shore erosion
--transmission corridor
--clImatic alteration
--hydrotoglc-Induced alteration
•Increased summer rainfall,Increased winds and
cooler sUJllller temperatures In the basin are
unlikely to measurably reduce carrying capacity.
Available data Indicate that any such changes In
rainfall patterns will be Indetectable (R.Skog,
unpub.data from Williston Reservoir,B.C.).
•Delayed plant phenology may occur Immediately
adjacent to the reservoir due to Its cooling
effect.
•Decreased flows may lower the water table In
downstream reaches.This Is unlikely to affect
willow colonization due to the wet clImate.
•Open water may cause frosting of vegetation as
far downstream as Gold Creek.Heavy frosting may
make some browse unavailable.Lighter frosting
will Increase metabolic demand on moose which
consume large quantities of Ice.
Altered frequency and mechanism of creation of
early successional habitats wi II occur in
downstream reaches.Two factors of altered
hydrology are responsible:(1)reduced summer
flow,and (2)Increased winter flow.The
specific Impacts are:(1)reduced frequency of
bank-full floods and a decrease In all flood
stages wll I decrease creation of early
successional habitat;(2)decrease In Ice Jamming
1n spr I ng due to lower flood stage wII I decrease
creation of early successional habitat;(3)
Increased Ice scouring during winter caused by
hJgh fall flow and constant high winter flow wit I
Increase creation of early successional habitat;
and (4)Increased aufels In winter due to high
winter flows will Increase creation of early
successional habitat.No prediction of areas
scoured each year Is possible based on current
data.
•Clearing will reduce winter carrying capacity
prIor to flooding.
Borrow area K and the temporary camp and vi Itage
contain wInter browse for I moose based on
carrying capacity ~ata.Total winter browse for
340 moose will be lost If both projects are
constructed (permanent plus temporary>.
Rectalmed areas wll I Improve as winter habitat
between 2-20 years fo I tow I ng disturbance.
•WII I occur on steep slopes of little value to
moose.
•As for Watana.
•Smaller,narrower Impoundment makes detectable
changes less ~ikely than for Watana.
•Increased water temperatures and open water In
winter will occur downstream as far as Talkeetna,
otherwise Impacts as described for Watana.
-
-
-
~I
--
I'·'"
-
....
TABLE E.3.145 (Page 3)
(3)Barriers,Impediments,and
Hazards to lobvement:
-Watana
--impo undment
--access corridor
--do"'flstream
-Dev il Canyon
--impoundment
--access corridor
--downstream
(4)Disturbance Related to
Construction Activities:
--construction activities
--impoundment clearing
•~n water a-ld/or ice shelving may block access
to traditional calving and wintering areas.
lobose could be expected to estmlish new areas
and alter movement patterns,but some llIJrtality
may occur from attempt s to cross the reservoir.
Prior to filling,clearcut areas in the impound-
ment may inhibit llIJvements.
•510w dri fting has been hypothesized to impede
movements south and southwest of the reservoir
and to reduce the value of Fog Lakes as winter
range.
•May inhibit migration between summer and winter
range especially in the Watana-Butte Creek areas
and the Watana-l:eadman Creek areas.Construct ion
activities will be llIJre severe barrier than sub-
sequent traffic except during hunting seaSJn wren
moose will avoid the corridor.
•Increased llIJrtali ty due to collisions.May be
substantial during construction phase during
winter due to darkness and poor weather.Train
collisions may be substantial between Ihuston and
Tall<eetna.
•~n water may restr ict llIJvement s to isl and
calving areas for those cows which use them (as
far dO"'flstream as Gold Creek).
•Attempted crossings during winter may thermally
stress animals,may lead to IIIOrtality.
•Ice cover and au feis will increase downstream due
to increased winter flow and may result in same
llIJrtality from IIIOOse falling down (R.Modafferi
1982 pers.comm.).
Impacts as for Watana,less severe.fil major
movement corridors occur,but movements may
increase after building of Watana.Little ice-
shelving will occur due to low (1 m)drawdo"'fl.
•Rail corridor may cause substantial llIJrtality,
especially during winters with heavy snowfall
when lIIOose may become trapped in the corridor.
•As for Watana,except open water may occur as far
downstream as Talkeetna.
Winter habitats and calving areas are IIIOst sensi-
tive to disturbance.Impacts will be affected
through avoidance and consequent habitat loss •
•rtJisy and unpredictable disturbances such as
impoundment clearing are most serious and will
probmly cause avoidance of the area at any
season.
TABLE E.}.145 (Page 4)
--access road traffic
--air traffic
(5)Increased Human Pccess:
--hunting and poaching
--increased risk of fire
--vehicle collisions
-~ecreational disturbance
•Traffic and other neutral or predictable disturb-
ances can be habituated to (borrow area use,
village activities,dam construction).
Overflights can be a serious impact,especially
during calving and in winter.Repeated harass-
ment can be detrimental at all times of year.
•Habituation is possible to neutral and predict-
able disturbances as near airports if animals are
not deliberately harassed.
Increased mortality;most serious in easily
accessible areas,will also cause avoidance of
access corridor during hunting season.Can be
regUlated.
•Impossible to predict.Fires 'rOuld event.ually
improve moose habitat in decadent stands.
Natural fires are usually considered beneficial
to moose but have been suppressed in recent.
years.
•less serious after construction during operation
phase.
Impossible to quantify.May become ser ious
problem in t.ime,particularly during winter and
calving.
-
-
-
1 ~---.
J --I ~1 -~
11 -1 --I
"1 --1 1 c.
"]]
TABLE E.3.146:LOSS (F COVER TYR:S COMMONLY 15ED BY MOOSE,IN RELATION TO
THEIR AVAILABILITY.THE PRoPllnlO~TE SEASo~L l.6E IF EACH
TYPE BY RADIo-CoLLAREO MOOSE IS A~So SHOWN.
raata from~19ma-and~ridrTck et aI.1982}
WATAmf ------DEVIL CANYON
Area Affected {ha)ProlXlrtionate Area Affected (ha)Propo rtionate Proportion of Relocations
forest Cover Type Impoundment Construcbon loss Inpoundment ConstructIon Loss Spr In9 Summer:::F a11 WInter N
Woodland spruce 4267 567 0.03 153 0 0.06 0.5if 0.43 0.40 791
forests
~n spruce forests 3633 75 0.03 629 15 0.17 0.29c 0.28 0.30 504
Birch forests 785 19 0.62 487 3 d <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 7-
Mixed forests 2099 207 0.29 1506 162 0.04 d
Tall shrUb 514 37 <0.01 3 0 <0.01
Birch shrLb 443 288 0.04 49 18 <0.01
0.14e 0.2ge 0.2ge 441
Willow and mixed 717 283 <0.01 18 0 <0.01
low shrLb
Tundra 84 78 <0.01 11 0 <0.01
a ProlXlrtionate loss is expressed as the amount of the cover type lot (ha)in rei at.ion to its total coverage (ha)
in the respective watershed.(See Section 3.3 -Botanical Resources for a descript.ion of the watershed and area
estimates of the forest cover types.)
b Proportion of moose relocations in that habitat during April~ay,June-October,and Nbvember~arch,respectively.
c ADf&G (1982a)included mixed forest communities in their spruce forest classifications and t.herefore moose
use in mixed forest cover types cannot be separately estimated.
d Vegetation in areas beyond the imlXJundment and construction zones was mapped at a scale too small to adequatel y
assess t.he availability of this cover type.
e AI]:"&G (1982a)included all shrLb types in a single shrub category and therefore use in various shrLb types cannot
be separately estimated.
TABLE E.3.147:ANTICIPA ITO AND HYPOTHESIZED IMPACTS TO CARIBOU
(1)Permanent Habitat Loss:
-Watana
"'"'1
i
--impoundment area and
village and airstrip
--access corridor
-Dev il Canyon
--impoundment area and
village and airstrip
--access corridor
(2)Habitat Alteration and
Temporary Habitat Loss:
-Watana
--impoundment clearing
--reclaimed areas
--shore erosion
--transmission corridor
--climatic induced alteration
-Dev il Canyon
(3)Barriers,Impediments,and
Hazards to Movement:
-Watana
--impoundment
•Total area permanentl y lost represents 0.3%
of total range,low quality grazing habitat.
•Total area permanentl y lost an inconsequential
proportion of total range.
•Little historical use of this p:lrtion of range
has been documented.Jlo inconsequential
proportion of total range.
•N:l impact on caribou through habitat lost.
•Fbor quality range,inconsequential proportion of
range affected.
•Borrow sites A,0,and F are in areas frequented
by bulls in summer.Total area 900 ha =0.02%of
range.Total loss (including permanent)=0.3%
of range.
Will occur on steep slopes of little value to
caribou.
•Areas of low use historically,poor quality
range.N:l negative impacts.
•Snow drifting will not affect critical winter or
spring range.
•Increased summer precipitation and decreased
summer temperatures would occur main!y downwind
of reservoir and are unlikely to affect caribou
range.
•N:l impacts to caribou.
Intersects a major caribou migration route.
Effects likely:(1)altered movement IBtterns
will reduce frequency of crossing with conseqoent
decreases in use of p:lrtions of range reducing
carrying capacity;(2)isolate subherds having
separate calving grounds;(3)increase accidental
mortality associated with ice shelving,drifting
ice flows,floating debris,and extensive mud
flats.
•~ifting south and southwest of the reservoir may
block movements.
-
....,
....
-
"".
~
I.
TABLE E.3.147 (Page 2)
--access corridor
-Dev II Canyon
--all facilities
(4)Disturbance Related to
Construction Activities:
-Watana
--Impoundment
--borrow areas
--access road
--air traffic
(5)Increased Human Access:
--hunting and poaching
--vehicle collisions
--recreational disturbance
--Increased rIsk of fire
•Between the Denali Highway and the Watana damslte
traverses on historically Important area of range
currently used by a subherd of approximately 2500
animals and portions of main herd.Road Is west
of main calving area.Altered movements likely
where road berms are high.Accidental mortality
will occur.Wolves may use road to their
advantage when hunting.
•Crossings less hazardous and less frequent.No
Impacts to caribou are anticipated.
•Females and calves will avoid construction sites.
No population-level Impacts.
•Areas A,D,and F most likely to disturb bul I
caribou In summer.Inconsequential loss of
summer habitat.
•Between Denali Highway and Watana considerable
disturbance Is likely from construction traffic.
Cows In late pregnancy and cows with newborn
calves most sensitive.Altered movements likely
where traffic levels are high.High disturbance
Jevels may Increase energy and demands.
•Intentional harassment could lead to direct
mortality,especially for young animals.
•Regular overflights may adversely Impact caribou
through Increased energy costs.Very high levels
of aircraft disturbance may affect productivity.
Groups with females and calves most sensitive.
•Current permit system controls numbers taken.
Increased access will Impact the distribution of
hunter take more than actual size of harvest.
Should distribute take over larger set of sub-
herds than current take.
•Traffic volume will be less In postconstructlon
period,but recreational use traffic will
continue.
•Could become a major factor.Particularly
sensitive periods Include wInter and calving.At
worst a change In range use,disruption of
mIgration,and abandonment of traditional calvIng
areas.
•Impossible to Quantify.Caribou are less likely
than moose to benefit from occurrence of fire.
Range value would decrease for a prolonged period
following fire.
TABLE E.3.148:ANTICIPATED AND HYPOTHESIZED IMPACTS TO DALL SHEEP
(1)Permanent Habitat Loss:
-Watana
-
--impoundment
--a::cess corr idor
-09vil Canyon
--impoundment and a::cess
(2 )Habi tat Alt er ation and
Temporary I-8bitat loss:
-Watana
--impoundment
--climatic alteration
-Il:lv il Canyon
(3)Barriers,Impediments,and
Hazards to Movement:
-Watana
--air tr affic
--other construction activities
--air traffic
•Partial inundation of l:I.y Creek mineral lick.
Inundation will occur over 22%of the lick
surface area during months of maximum use.At
maximum impoundment level in Obtober,42%of lick
surface will be-floo~.
•fob critical or regularly used habitats affected.
•N>critical or regularl y used hlt>itats affected.
•l:I.y Creek mineral lick may have ice shelves in
lower sections in early spring.Areas of lick
below maximum fill level may suffer SOme lea::hing
making them less desirable when they are
available.
•Probably limited to impoundment area.
U,detectab Ie.
•N>other critical or regularly used habitats
affected.
•N>critical or regularly used habitats affected.
•Serious impacts to all 1:811 sheep in the middle
basin may occur if low-fl ying aircraft are
uncontrolled.The l:I.y Creek mineral lick is a
particularly sensitive area.Frequently
disturbed sheep may suffer increased metabolic
energy requirements and may abandon areas where
severe disturbances occur.Deliberate harassment
(including "sight-seeing")constitutes a severe
disturbance at the l:I.y Creek mineral lick.
Lambing areas and winter habitats also sensitive
to disturbance.
•Most will occur some distance from cdt ical and
regUlarly used range and can be habituated to in
the absence of deliberate harassment.Spring
habitats at low elevations and winter concentra-
tions on south slopes may be sensitive to
disturbance from reservoir clearing operations.
Additional impacts as described for Watana.
-
-
....,
,
-
-
""".,
....~:
.....
......
-
TABlE E.3.148 (Page 2)
-Dev il Canyon
--construction activities
(5)Increased Human Access:
--hunting and poaching
-~ecreational disturbance
•N:I other disturbance impacts anticipated.
•Size of legal harvest not expected tn increase as
most or all legal rans in area are alrea:ly
harvested each year.
•Air traffic can severely affect use of the Jay
Creek mineral site as described t..rIder
"di st urbance"liD ove •
•Boats on the Watana reservoir are also likely to
affect.use of the Jay Creek mineral lick.
TABLE E.3.149:ANTICIPATED AND HYPOTHESIZED IMPACTS TO BROWN BEARS
(1)Permanent Habitat Loss:
-Watana
-
--Impoundment
--access corridor and
vii lage and airstrIp
-DevIl Canyon
--Impoundment
--access corridor
(2)Habitat Alteration and
Temporary Habitat Loss:
-Watana
--Impoundment clearIng
--reclaimed areas
--Impoundment shore erosion
--transmission corrIdor
--clImatic-Induced alteration
--hydrologic-Induced alteration
Den habltat--no dens known below Impoundment
level,0%of dennlng habitat lost.
•Spring feeding areas (lower elevation spruce
habitats)flooded.Three of 12 radIo-collared
bears without cubs moved to areas to be Impounded
by the Watana reservoir In spring 1980 (25%).
Seven of 13 (54%>In 1981.
•Effects on prey populations may Impact brown
bears,but the Importance of ungulate prey Is
unknown.
•InsIgnificant habitat loss..
•May affect dennlng locations.Number of dens
affected not determinable from current maps of
den and access road locations.
•No Impact on dennlng habitat.
•Spring feedIng areas.Three of 12 radio-collared
bears without cubs (75%)moved to areas to be
Impounded by the Devil Canyon Impoundment In
sprIng 1980.One of 13 (8%>In 1981.Total for
both Impoundments was 6 of 12 (50%)In 1980 and
8 of 13 (61%)In 1981.
•Prey population reduction may affect brown bears.
Importance of ungulate prey Is unknown.
•InsignifIcant habitat loss (see also disturbance
section of table>.
•No dennlng habitat lost (see also dIsturbance
sectIon of table>.
•SprIng feeding areas In lower elevation spruce
habItats used by 25%of radio-collared bears
wIthout cubs In 1980 and 54%In 1981.
•DeleterIous effects on prey populations may
benefit brown bears temporarIly.
•Not a sIgnificant amount of habitat loss.
Revegetation with grasses and forbs wi II
temporarily Improve the value of these areas for
spring and early summer habItats (see also
disturbance section of this table).
•PossIble (unpredictable)Impact on potentIal
dennlng areas.
•Both positIve and negative Impacts,but net
Impact Is mInor.
•Any changes which may occur are likely to be
Indetectable and minor (R.Skog,unpub.data on
WIllIston Reservoir B.C.>.
•Reduction In prey populations (ungUlate and
salmon)If they occur may Impact brown bears In
downstream reaches.
-
-
-
1"'''
!
-
TABLE E.3.149 (Page 2)
-Dev II Canyon
--Impoundment clearing
--reclaimed areas
--other areas
(3)Barriers,Impediments,and
Hazards to Movement:
-Watana
--Impoundment
--access corridor
-Dev I I Canyon
--Impoundment
--access corridor
(4)Disturbance Related to
ConstructIon ActivIties:
--general
--Impoundment clearing
•Spring feeding ar~as In lower elevation spruce
habitats used by 25%of radio-collared bears
without cubs In 1980 and 8%In 1981.Total for
both I mpoundm~nts 50%of rad I o-co I lared bears
without cubs In 1980 and 61%In 1981.
•Not significant amount of habitat loss.Revege-
tation with grasses and forbs will temporarily
Improve the value of these areas as spring and
early summer habitats.
•As treated above.
•Broken Ice and/or Ice-shelvIng may block or
hinder access to ha b J tua Ily used areas for some
Individuals In early spri'rtg.Crossing of the
reservoir In other seasons Is not anticipated to
be a major prob I em for bears.
•(Disturbance treated lA'next section of table.)
•Mortalities from,coll;fslons unlIkely.
•Altered movements between seasonal use areas
possible.Not a sl'gnlflcanf impact on producti-
vity o~habitat use.
•<OJ sturbance treated In next section of table.)
•No Impacf'on lllOvamElnts anticipated.
•Some bears wI I I avo Id areas of Intense human
activities,others will habituate and some
habItuated bears will be attracted to such areas.
•Feed I ng of bears by emp loyees or non-proJ;ect
personnel will endanger the bears andal I humans
In the vicInity.Maullngs and destruction of the
"offending bear"wi I I eventually occur.
•Human/bear conflIcts have a great potential to
cause signifIcant loss of work time for
contractors,Injuries to employees,and property
damage.
•Cubs wi II habituate re!!ld,i Iy to human presence and
subsequent Iy become probl em anima 1'5 as they grow
up.
•Habituated bears also become more susceptible to
hunting.
•Mortalities due to human/bear conflicts.Concen-
trations In Impoundment areas In spring.
TABLE E.3.149 (Page 3)
--Impoundment facilitIes,
staging areas,borrow sites
--air traffic
--access road
--transmIssIon corrIdor
(5)Increased Human Access:
--hunting and poaching
--human/bear conflIcts
--collisIons with vehicles
--recreatIonal dIsturbances
•Altered movements due to avoidance or
attractIon.
•Mortalities due to human/bear conflicts.
•Altered movements due to avoidance or attractIon.
Bears wIll be attracted to garbage dumps and to
Improperly dIsposed or Inadequately Incinerated
garbage.
•IndivIdual bears whose home ranges overlap these
sites will be dIsplaced.
•Bears are likely to be attracted to revegetated
areas.This will Increase their contact with
humans and cause problems with habItuated bears.
•Extremely sensItive to harassment.Also sensi-
tive to frequent dIsturbance In concentration
areas.May dIsrupt normal feeding,resting,and
dennlng activities.
•Altered movements durIng periods of high traffic
levels are possible due to avoidance.Habituated
bears may become attracted to the roads as a food
source If fed.
•Road construction activities may cause
abandonment of some dens durIng winter,resultIng
In mortality of those bears.
•Use of adjacent forage habitat may be disrupted
or eliminated.
•HabItuated bears are more susceptible to hunting
and trapping.
•Some dennlng habitat may be made unacceptable by
the presence of the road.(Three known den sItes
may become unsuitable.)However,there Is no
evidence to Indicate that den sItes are limiting
and no population-level effects are antIcipated.
•ClearIng In wInter may cause abandonment of some
dens wIth ,direct mortality of those animals
affected.
•Possibly a serious Impact,depending on manage-
ment strategIes and priorities.Brown bear may
be sacrIficed to the benefit of more desIrable
ungulate species by future management guidelInes.
ThIs Is obviously beyond the control of the
Alaska Power Authority.
•Will result In destruction of offendIng bears.
Outside of construction activitIes (treated
above)these InteractIons are Inevitable and
dIffIcult to control.
•Attraction to revegetated areas near vIllages
wIll result In Increased encounters of bears and
humans.
•UnlIkely to be of any significance.
•PossIble effect on bears In dens and In
concentration areas,particularly salmon runs on
Prairie Creek.Recreational development of thIs
area Is likely to greatly Increase the occurrence
of bear-human encounters wIth negative effects on
both.
~i
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
TABLE E.3.150:ANTICIPATED AND HYPOTHESIZED IMPACTS TO BLACK BEAR
(1 )Permanent Habitat Loss:
-Watana
,....
p ..
;
--
--impoundment area and village
and airstrip
--access corridor
-Devil Canyon
--impoundment area
--access corridor
(2)Habitat Alteration and
Temporary.t-ebitat Loss:
-Watana
--impoundment clearing
--reclaimed areas
--impouncknent sl-ore erosion
--transmission corridor
-~limatic-indueed alteration
--hydrologic-induced alteration
•Black bear are highly dependent on spruce forest
habitats.10,016 ha/346,637 =3%of coni fer
habitat in Devil Canyon and Watana Basin total
will be lost.A vimle population is unlikely to
remain ltlove Watana Creek after filling.lhe
narrow band of spruce forests remaining will
leave resident bears susceptible to interactions
with brown bears and necessitate altered movement
patterns.
•09n habitats -69%of known black bear dens are
in impoUndment area (9/13 den sites).
•Black bears do not norntally OCCLT near the
corridor north of 09adman lake.
•Loss of spr uce forest habitats.1,801/346,637 =
0.5%of coni fer habitat in Dev il Canyon and
Watana Basins total will be lost.li ttl e spruce
habitat occurs in impoundment areas.
09n habitats -6%of known black bear dens are in
impoundment area (1/16 den sites).
•Most of Watana-Devil Canyon segment is at
elevations above acceptmle black bear habitat.
•10,016 ha of spruce forest habitat for black
bears will be eliminated.
•975 ha of spruce forest habitat in the borrow
sites for Watana (10,991 total impoundment and
borrow areas).Borrow Areas D and F in areas
used for berries in late summer.Revegetation
likely to improve availltlility of early spring
forage temporarily.
Possible impact to some den habitats.
•likely to improve hltlitat for black bear.
•Indetectable.
•Snow drifts in a small area S and SW of
impoundment may slightly reduce availability of
•low shrub habitat in spring.
•Reduction in prey populations (if they occur)
would negatively impact black bears (salmon).
•Alteration of phenology of vegetation may cause
greater availability of early spring forage in
downstream areas.
•Alteration of frequency of mechanism of creation
of early successional habitats may alter availa-
bility of riparian spring forage.
TABLE E.3.150 (Page 2)
-Dev II Canyon
--impoundment clearing
--reclaimed areas
--other areas
(3)Barriers,Impediments,and
Hazards to Movement:
-Watana
--Impoundment
--operating facIlities
--access corrIdor
-Dev II Canyon
--impoundment and facilities
--access corridor
(4)Disturbance Related to
Construction ActIvities:
--Impoundment clearIng
--lmpoundmentfacl'ltles,staging
areas,and ,..borrow s 17es
•1,801 ha of spruce forest habitat.
•194 ha of spruce forest hab I tat (1,995 ha tota I
Devil Canyon;12,986 total Watana and Devil
Canyon =3.75%of total In Watana and Devl I
Canyon Basins).Revegetation likely to Improve
availabilIty of early sprIng forage temporarily.
•As described above.
•Broken Ice floes and/or Ice shelving may block
or hinder access to habitually used areas for
some IndivIduals In early spring.CrossIngs are
not anticipated to present any problem for bears
at other seasons.
•Animals displaced during fll ling wi II be suscep-
tible to mortalIty from brown bears they may en-
counter on dispersal.Cubs wI II be particularly
vulnerable to brown bear predatIon.Displacement
wIll also Increase Intra-specifIc competitIon
causIng decreased productivity.·
•May block access or alter movements of downstream
animals to late summer foraging areas upstream of
Tsusena Creek (see disturbance sectlon).
•Black bears do not normally occur near the cor-
ridor north of Deadman Creek.
•No Impediment or hazard to movements antici-
pated.
Most of corrIdor at elevations above acceptable
black bear habItat (see disturbance section).
•Habituation problems treated for brown bear
(Table E.3.149)will also occur with black bears.
Location of facilities may cause even greater
problems with black bears.
•Will displace black bears from forested areas.
Result in Increased human/bear interactIons,pre-
dation by brown bears.
•WInter clearIng wll I cause dennlng bears to leave
theIr dens,resuli"lng In mortality.
•Mortalities due to human/bear conflicts.
•Altered movements due to avoidance or attraction.
Bears will be attracted to garbage dumps and to
Improperly disposed or Inadequately Incinerated
garbage.
•Individual bears whose home ranges overlap these
sItes wi II be displaced.
•Bears wI II avoid dennlng near areas wlthfre-
quent disturbances.
-
-
"''"
.....
-
TABLE E.3.15O (Page 3)
--air traffic
--access road
--transmission corr idor
(5)Increased Human Pccess
--hunting and poaching
--human-bear conflicts
--collisions with vehicles
--recreational disturbance
•Bears are likely to be attracted to revegetated
areas.This will increase their contact with
humans and cause problems with hmituated bears •
May disrupt.normal feedirg,restirg and dennirg
activities.
•Reduce use of adjacent tableland habitats used by
bears foraging for berries in late summer.
•Habituated bears mJre susceptible to huntirg and
poaching.
•Clearirg in winter in forested habitats may cause
abandonment of some dens with direct mortality of
most animals effected.
•Intensity of impact dependent on management
strategies of ADr&G.Potential for serious im-
pact if bears receive low management priorities.
•Inevitable result of increased human use.
•Attraction to revegetated and improperly dis-
posed garbage will increase frequency of en-
counters between bears and humans.
•Ikllikely to be significant.
•Impacts greatest in denning and concentration
areas,particularly salmn runs.
TABLE E.3.151:ANTICIPATED AND HYPOTHESIZED IMPACTS TO WOLVES
(1)Permanent Habitat Loss:
-Watana
(2)Habitat Alteration and Temporary Habitat Loss:
--Impoundment and permanent
facilities
--access corridor
-DevIl Canyon
--Impoundment and permanent
facilities
--access corridor
-Watana
--Impoundment clearing
--other areas
-Dev II Canyon
--all areas
•No known den or rendezvous sites wi II be
Inundated.
•Watana pack members may be affected as 1/3 of all
radio-locations for pack members were In the
Impoundment zone.
•Secondary effects of the elimination of the
Watana pack's range will be upheaval of the
historical distribution of packs and associated
social strife.
•Reductions In moose carryIng capacity will reduce
wolf carrying capacity,though wolves have not
obtained carrying capacity In the basin for
several decades due to wolf control measures,
hunting and trapping.In the absence of specific
measures by ADF&G to protect wolves,they wi II
never reach carrying capacity,and prey
avallabl tlty will have no limIting effect.
•Minor component of habitat loss.
•No known den or rendezvous sites will be
Inundated.
•Small reduction In moose carrying capacity.
•Minor component of total habitat loss.
•Displacement of resident and migratory moose from
the Impoundment area during clearing may Increase
wolf densities In the adjacent areas
temporar II y.
•Reduct Ion In carry Ing capac Ity of prey will
reduce capacity for wolves.
•As descrIbed above.
-
-I
(3)BarrIers,Impediments,and Hazards to Movement:
-Watana
--Impoundment and facilities
--access corridor
--downstream reaches
-Devil Canyon
--a II areas
•May reduce access to caribou and moose calving
areas for some packs.
•Wolves may use the road to their benefit when
hunting ungulate prey.
•Open water In winter may be a hazard to wolves
attempting to cross,bUT few wolves occur In
downstream reaches.
•As described above.
....,
TABLE E.J.151 (Page 2)
(4)Disturbance Related to Construction Activities:
,.....
--
-
-
-const.ruction activities
-air t.raffic
-l:Ccess road traffic
(5)Increased Human Access:
-hunting end Plaching
-increased human/weI f conflicts
-increased recreat ional
dist.urbance
•Wolves are likely t.o respond similarly to all
const.ruct.ion l:Ctivit.ies.Avoidance will occur
initially,but habit.uat.ion to predict.eble
disturbances is likely.
Den sites are most.sensit.ive and wolves will
abandon dens ~ich are disturbed frequently.
Pup IIDrt.ality may result if dens are abarmned
during the first.week of life.
•Habituated wolves have the pot.ential t.o become
nuisance animals,increasing t.he likelihood of
dest.ruction and exposure of workers and t.heir
pets t.o rebies.
Den sites are sensit.ive and will be abandoned if
frequent.air traffic occurs at low alt.it.udes near
dens.Pup IIDrt.alit.y will result.if dens are
abandoned in t.he fi rst.week 0 f Ii fe •
•Wolves will habituat.to moderate levels of
t.raffic.Wolves will probabl y avoid the corridor
during periods of high t.raffic levels.
•MJch of t.he current.harvest.is illegal and t.he
illegal harvest will increase in t.he absence of
beUer cont.rol.Current.legal harvest.i s also
high (ba;l limit.=7 wolves)and will increase.
The current annual t.ake is 40-4~of t.he
populat ion.
•Habit.uat.ed animals will become pest.s increasing
t.he likelihood of t.heir dest.ruction and t.he
possibilit.y of exposure of humans to rebies.
•Particularly susceptible at den sites.
TABLE E.3.152:ANTICIPATED AND HYPOTHESIZED IMPACTS TO WOLVERINE
(1)Permanent Habitat Loss:
-Watana
--Impoundment area and
--access corr ldor
-Dev II Canyon
--Impoundment and permanent
facilIties
--access corrIdor
•Wintering foraging habitat will be lost with a
substant i aI decrease In ava flab i II ty of sma I I
mammel and grouse.Increase 1n ava II ab III ty of
carr Ier 1n winter ha bltat,due to nore rap Id
turnover In the noose population -the result of
development caused sources of Increased
accidentalnortality and predation,will occur.
Changes In prey density will affect movements,
densities and productivity.
•Smal I area of abundant summer range.
•Minor loss of winter foraging habitat.
•As above for Watana
-
(2)Temporary Habitat Loss and Habitat Alteration
-Watana
(3)Barriers,Impediments,and Hazards to Movement:
-Impoundment clearing
-reclamlned areas
-transmission corridor
-climatic-Induced alteration
-hydrologic-Induced alteration
-Dev II Canyon
-all areas
-Watana
-Impoundment
-access corridor
-Dev II Canyon
-Impoundment
-access corridor
•In winter wll I displace wolverine from
Impoundment area.
•May Increase availability of prey In adjacent
areas as other species are also displaced.
•Small area relative to wolverine ranges.Likely
to Increase availabilIty of small mammal prey
after revegetation.
•Increased carryIng capacity for noose and
ptarmigan may benefit wolverIne.Likely a smail
Impact.
•No Impact.
•No Impact.
•Very sma II Impact averal'.
•May form home range boundarIes for animals In
basin.Altered movements and use patterns for
Individuals currently residing In basin are
expected.
•Mortality from vehicle collisions unlikely source
of morta Iity.
•Imped I ment or hazard to novements not
anticipated.Small size of reservoir make
altered use pattens and movements less
Important.
•Mortality due to collIsions with vehicles
un II ket y.
~,
-
"""'\
,....
-
-
TABLE E.3.152 (Page 2)
(4)Disturbance Associated with
Construction Activities
-all construction areas
and impoundment clearing
(5)Increased Hunan Access
-hunting a1d poaching
-vehicle collisions
-recreational disturbance
•Wolverine are likel y to avoid all areas of active
disturbance.S/nrt term impact for most areas,
without IXlpulation level effects.Wolverine may
avoid the lOCcess corridor durirg periods of heavy
use for the duraton of construction.Impoundment
clearirg will cause dispersal frCIII area.May
utilize road kills as a food source -but only
durirg periods of low traffic.
Could become a serious impact if WOlverine are
not specifically protected by ADF&G management.
Trapping is already the major oource of
IOOrtalit y.
lhlikel y to become a major source of mortal ity.
•May become a serious impact.Wolverine are
wide-rang ing enough that they are likel y to be
able to avoid low level recreational disturbance.
High levels of motorized vehicle noise and
traffic would exclude wolverines from an area.
TABLE E.3.153:~T1CIPATED AND HYPOTHESIZED IMPACTS TO
AQUATIC FURBEARERS (beaver and muskrat)
(1)Permanent Habitat Loss:
-Watana
"""'I
~,
(2)HabItat Alteration and Temporary HabItat Loss
--Impoundment
--access corridor
-Dev I I canyon
--I mpoundment
--access corrIdor
-Watana
--access corr I dor
--borrow areas
--hyrolog Ie-Induced alteration
•No act I ve beaver lodQes were found 1n the
Impoundment area.
•About 5-10 muskrats occur In the Impoundment and
borrow areas D and E.
•Upper Deadman Creek provides habitat for 65
beaver.Reduction In number of beaver Is
anticipated due to road.Additional negative
Impacts are anticipated to result from adjacent
naterl al sites.
•Muskrat likely occur In conjunction with beaver
In upper Deadman Creek.
•No beaver are known to occu py the reservo I r area.
lbwever,beaver may colonIze thIs reach between
completIon of Watana and completion of Devil
Canyon dams.These animals will be dIsplaced.
•Beaver may successfully colonize thIs Impoundment
due to smal I annual drawdown,particularly during
wet years.In other years,drawdown wIll occur
at a critical period when food caches are being
nade and It Is unlIkely that they wIll be able to
overwInter.
•No muskrat habitat occurs In Impoundment area.
•Muskrat are known to overwinter In several lakes
along the corrIdor between Wafana and DevIl
Canyon.
•Borrow sItes for the access corrl dar wIll remove
habitat for approximately 40 of 65 beaver along
Deadman Creek.
• 5 of 17 lakes surveyed In areas D and E and the
Impoundment zone supported overwl ntarlng
muskrats.
•Increased winter flows are likely to benefIt
beaver al lowing overwIntering In more sItes than
are currently available.
•Stabilized flows will allow beaver greater
securIty In anchoring food caches.
•Lack of Ice cover will allow colonizatIon of much
shal lower reaches.
•Muskrat will likely benefit from Increased number
of beaver ponds downstream.
-
-.
-
"...,
-
-
-
""..
TABLE E.3.153 (Page 2)
-Devil Canyon
--borrow areas and campsite
--hydrologic-induced alteration
•Area K and the campsite support approximately 10
beaver.
•~en water as far dOl'Wlstream as Tal keetna will
allow colonization of waters currently too
shallow.
•Clher impacts as described for Watana.
(3)Barriers,Imp~diments,or Hazards to Movement:
-access corridors •May be insignificant murce of mortality due to
vehicle collisions.
(4)Disturbance Related to Construction Activities:
•Beaver End muskrat are not likely to be
significanUy affected by disturbance alone.
Animals will be displaced as habitats are
destroyed by development.
(5)Increased Hunan Access
-hunting and IXIsching •likel y to effect a much larger area than any of
the other development impacts.Prime habitat
occurs in a::ljacent undisturbed areas ltlich will
remain relatively inaccessible.Impacts will
depend on fur value fluctuations.
TABLE E.3.154:NUMBER OF Lo'KES WITH MUSKRAT PUSHUPS IN SPRI toG 1980
OCCURR t NG WITH IN BORROW AREAS AND IMPOUNDMENTS
(data from Gipson et al.1982)
-
fI Lakes Total I of
With Pushups Pushups
Watana
Borrow Areas D &E
Impoundment
DevIl Canyon
Borrow Areas
Impoundment
La kes Samp led
8
9
5o
o
5
oo
o
13
oo
-
-
-
-
-
(1)
TABLE E.3.155:NIITICIPATED AND HYPOTHESIZED IMPAGrS TO
SEMI-AQUATIC FURBEARERS (MINK AND OTTER)
Permanent Habitat Loss:
-Watana
"".
(2)
--impoundment area and
permanent faCilt Ies
-Dev 11 Canyon
--Impoundment
Habitat Alteration and Temporary
Habitat Loss:
-Watana
--Impoundment clearing
--reclaimed areas
•Eliminates a substantIal portion of good quality
habitat for both species.65 km of malnstem plus
15.6 km of stream habitat.
•Reduce prey avallabi Iity for both species.
•Less severe than Watana.but similar.
•Likely to eliminate mink and otter from the Im-
poundment area.Decrease cover and prey availa-
bility.
•Will Increase small mammal prey availability for
ml nk.
-
-
-
--hydrologic-induced alteration
(3)Barriers.ImpedIments.and
Hazards to Movement:
(4)Disturbace Related to
Construction Activities:
-Impoundment clearing
-construction sites
(5)Increased Human Access:
-Increased hunting and poaching
-recreational disturbance
•Downstream flow stabilization and open water
will benefit otter and mink.Increased number of
beaver wilt benefit both.
•None.
•likely to eliminate mink and otter trom affect~
areas.
•May disturb dally activities and force
abandonment of aquatic habitats where they occur
near construct Ion zones.
•May become serious Impact.Few animals are
currently taken from the area.
•Both species are somewhat sensitive to
disturbance and may suffer significantly from
Increased presence of fishermen and recreational
river users In remaining river habitat.
TABLE E.3.156:ANTICIPATED AND HYPOTHESIZED IMPACTS ON FOX
(1)Permanent Habitat Loss:
-Watana
-
-
-
--Impoundment and other facilities
-Dev II Canyon
--Impoundment and other facilities
(2)Habitat Alteration and Temporary
Habitat Loss:
-Watana
--Impoundment clearing
~-reclalmed areas
-Dev II Canyon
--all areas
(3)Barriers,ImpedIments,or
Ha zards to Movement:
-Watana
--Impoundment
--downstream
-Dev II Canyon
--all areas
(4)Disturbance Related to
Construction Activities:
--Impoundment clearing
--other sites
--access road traffic
•No known den sites lost.
•Higher elevation areas are more heavily used.
•Loss of some summer prey,probably not limiting.
•As above for Watana.
•Habitat destruction may Increase availability of
some prey.
•WI II enhance avaIlability of small mammal prey.
•As above for Watana.
•WI II serve as home range boundary for resIdent
anImals,but will not prohibit movements across
Impoundment.
•Open water In winter may make crossings hazardous
or Infrequent.
•As above for Watana.
•WI II temporarily displace foxes.
•Habituation wi II occur to most disturbances.
•Den sites are sensitive to disturbance,parti-
cularly durIng early dennlng and early post-
partum.
•Habituated foxes can become pests,leading to
Increased probability of exposure to rabies.
•Habituation will occur readily In the absence of
hunting.
""'"'
-
""""
-
-
[~
TABLE E.3.156 (Page 2)
(5)Increased HlRIIan Pccess:
--hunting and poaching
-~ecreational disturbance
Pbssible serious impact dependent on market
pr ice of fur •
•~ns are particularly sensitive.
•I-8bituated foxes can becane pests.
TABLE E.3.157:ANTICIPATED AND HYPOTHESIZED IMPACTS TO MARTEN,WEASEL,AND LYNX
(1)Permanent Habitat Loss:
-Watana
-.
--Impoundment and permanent
facliitl es
--access corridor
-Dev i I Canyon
--impoundment and permanent
facIlitIes
--access corridor
(2)Habitat Alteration and
Temporary Habitat Loss:
-Watana
--fmpoundment clearIng
--reclafmed areas
--transmission corridor
-Devil Can'{on
--dmpoundment clearing
--rec lafmed areas
•loss of forest habitat will result in consider-
able decrease in carrying capacity for all
specl es.
•loss of low elevation habitat near tributary
mouths will eliminate lynx.
•100 marten (3.5 to 7.5%of basin POP.)wi II be
lost.766 ha of closed conifer-deciduous
forest,5%of total in Gold Creek and Watana
watersheds.
•Minor habitat loss wil I result In redistribution
of home ranges of those marten and weasel
resident in adjacent forest areas.Little
forest habitat occurs In Denal i Highway to Watana
section.
•Approximately 14 marten wil I be lost to D.C.
impoundment.729 ha of closed conifer-deciduous
forest,5%of total,9%of total in Gold Creek
and Watana watersheds with both Watana and Devil
Canyon Impoundments.11.5%of Watana and Gold
Creek watersheds marten popu lat Ion lost wi th both
projects.
•Minor habitat loss,as with Watana with result in
redistribution of home ranges of marten and
weasel res I dent in adjacent forest.
Wil I el iminate forest habitat for al I species.
Most will abandon area.
•67 ha of closed conifer-deciduous,908 of spruce
forests.Revegetation is unl ikely to restore
conifer forests in the license period.Total
<:Iosed con i fer-dec Iduous for Watana is
833/15,986 ha =5.2%.Total spruce forest for
Watana Is 10,924/346,637 =3.1%.
•No population level impacts anticipated due to
habitat alteration.
•Will et imlnate forest habitat for all species.
•l83 ha of closed conifer-decIduous,194 of spruce
forests total.Revegetation unlikely to restore
conifer forests in license period.Total closed
conifer-deciduous for both projects Is
1016/15,986 ha =6.4%.Total spruce forest for
both proJ ects 1s 11,118/346,637 =3.2%.
~I
""'"i
-
....
-
"'"'"
TABLE Eo 3.157 (Page 2)
--transmission corridor
(3)Barriers,Impediments ard
Hazards to Movement:
-Watana
--imJXI undment
--access corridor
--0 pen water
-ll:lvil Canyon
•As described ebove for Watana.
•Will be a barrier to dispersal for marten.Will
impede dispersal of 1 ynx and weasel.f'bt a maj:Jr
impact.Animals in impoundment area will re-
distribute home ranges along impoundment areas.
•Increased mortality from road kills.Nlt a popu-
lation level impact.
A barrier to crossing for marten.
-
--impoundment
--access corridor
--open wat.er
(4)Disturbance Relat.ed t.o
Donstruct.ion Act.ivit.ies:
•Barrier to marten
lynx ard weasel.
will redistribute
sture.
•As for Watana.
•As fa r Wat.ana
dispersal,perhaps al so for
Animals in impoundment area
rome ranges along imJXIundment
I-
-
--const.ruct.ion sit.es
--access road traffic
(5)Increased Human Access:
--hunting and trapping
--vehicle collisions
--recreat.ional disturbance
•Mart.en habituat.e readily t.o disturbance.Effects
on weasel probebl y minimal.lynx may be more
susceptible but are uncommon and will be able to
avoid areas wit rout.population level impacts.
•Impacts as for other construction activities.
Probebly minimal.Most of access road traver9:!s
higher elevation hebitats.
•Will become most significant mortality factor for
marten.
Weasel are rarely sought by trappers in the
area.
•Unlikely to be population level impact.
•lhlikel y to affect marten or weasel.lynx are
uncommon and will be able to avoid impacted
areas.
TABLE E.3.158:GENERAL TYPES OF IMPACTS TO RAPTORS
(from Roseneau et al.1981)
01 sturbance
Construction and Operation ActivIties
-sudden loud noises (e.g.,blastIng,gas venting,etc.)can lead to
pan Ic f lights and damage to nest contents
-noise,human presence,etc.,can lead to dIsruption of dally actIvitIes
Aircraft Passage
-sudden appearance and noIse can lead to panic flights and damage to nest
contents
Human Presence Near Nests
-Inadvertent -chance occurrence of people (and dogs)near nests;people
may be unaware of nest,raptors,or raptor alarm behavIor
-del lberate -curious passersby,naturalists,photographers,researchers
can have Impacts if safeguards are not taken
01 rect Impacts
Intentionally Oestructlve Acts (a$a result of Increased public access)
-shoot I ng
-legal or II legal removal of eggs,young,or adults
-roiling of rocks off cliff tops
-cuttl ng of nest trees
Man-Made Structures and ObstructIons
-rap tors may be struck on roads where they may perch or feed
-may strike wires,fences,etc.
-may be el ectrocuted on power po Ies
-raptors sometimes attack aIrcraft,or may accidentally strike aircraft
Environmental Contaminants
-deliberate application and accidental release of Insecticides,
herbicides,petrochemicals,and toxic Industrial materials can affect
raptors and prey by affecting hormones,enzymes,shel I thickness,bird
behavior,egg fertility and viability,and survival rates of nestlings,
f Iedg II ngs,Immatures and ad u Its
Changes In Prey Ava IIab I 11 ty
-decrease in prey abundance or loss of nearby hunting areas may affect
terrItory size,efficiency of huntIng,nest occupancy,nesting
success,condition of adults and young
-changes may result from aIrcraft overflights,construction and
maintenance activities,public access,etc.
Habitat Loss
Abandonment of area due to destruction of nest,perch or Important hunting
habitat
-
.....
-
-,
I
-
~,
-
TABLE E.3.159:ANTICIPATED AND HYPOTHESIZED IMPACTS TO RAPTORS AND RAVENS
(1)Permanent Habitat Loss:
-Watana
.....
--Impoundment
--access corridor
-Dev I'Canyon
--Impoundment
--access road
(2)Habitat AlteratIon and
Temporary HabItat Loss:
-Watana
--Impoundment clearIng
--borrow sItes and reclaimed areas
• 5 of 16 (31%>golden eagle nesting locations will
be lost.Cliff nesting habitat wi II become
extremely Ilml-ted.
• 4 of 8 (50%>bald eagle nesting locations wi II be
lost.
No known gyrfalcon nesting locations wi II be lost
although al I cliff nests of other raptors can be
considered potential gyrfalcon nests.
• 1 of 3 (33%>known goshawk nesting locatIons wi II
be lost.Nesting habitat Is very scarce upstream
of this nest.
•ConsIderable number of raven nesting locations
and potential clff habitat wi II be lost.How-
ever,no major Impact to ravens.
•Perching habitat on cliffs and large trees wll'
be lost.Some hunting habItat wi II also be lost,
although this Is not expected to be a sIgnificant
Impact on any of the raptor species.
•Tree nesting habitat for smaller raptors will be
I·ost.
•One bald eagle nestIng location In Deadman Creek
wll I be destroyed.Stand containing nest Is best
(possIbly the only>bald eagle nesting habitat In
Deadman Creek.
•MInor amount of ground nesting habitat lost.
•No clIff nesting habitat affected.
• 2 of 16 {12%>golden eagle nestIng locations.
CumulatIve loss to both projects 44-50%of known
nest locations In basin.
•No bald eagle nesting locations.
•No gyrfalcon nestIng locations.
• I of 3 known goshawk nestIng locatIons.However,
nestIng habItat Is mInImal In both Impoundments.
• 4 of 21 (19%>prevIously used raven nestIng
locations.A fifth nest wIll be only a few
meters above Impoundment level.
•Some ground nesting habitat lost.No cliff
nestIng habItat affected.
• 3 of the 4 bald eagle nests to be lost are tree
nests In the Impoundment.
•Tree nestIng locatIons for smaller raptors and
owls wI II be lost.
•ClearIng may make some small ~mma'prey more
available.
• 1 goshawk nesting locatIon.
• A golden eagle nesting locatIon wi II be destroyed
by Borrow Area E.
•RevegetatIon wi II Increase aval labl I Ity of sma11
mammal prey.
TABLE E.3.159 (Page Z)
--transmission corridor
-Dev il Canyon
--impoundment clearing
--borrow sites and reclaimed areas
--transmission corridor
(3)Barriers,Impediments,and
Hazards to Movement:
--flone
(4)Disturbance Related to
COnstruction Activities:
-Watana
--impoundment clearing
--borrow sites
--access road
--air traffic
--transmission corridor
-Dev il Canyon
--impoundment clearing
--dam construction
Historically used peregrine falcon nest between
!-ealy and Fairbanks.Problbly will not be
destroyed or made lIlusable.
• Z gyrfalcon nests within 0.6 km of line.
•Electrocution of large raptors largest impact.
•Tree nesting locations for small raptors and
owls will be lost.
• 1 goshawk nesting location lost.
• 1 gyrfalcon nest may be located in Borrow
Site K.
•Revegetation will increase availability of small
mammal prey.
•As for Wat ana.
• 7 golden eagle nests susceptible to disturbance
during clearing.
• 4 bald eagle nests susceptible.
• 1 gyrfalcon nest suscept ible.
• 1 kno'l«1 goshaWk nest susceptible.
•12 raven nests susceptible.
•Iblden eagle nest susceptible at furrow Site E.
May be destroyed.
• 1 goshawk nest susceptible at Borrow Site I.
• Z raven nests susceptible at Borrow Site H.
• 1 bald eag Ie nest susceptib Ie if it remains
followirlJ construct ion of road in ~adman Creek.
Iblden eagles particularly susceptible during
nestling period.!l.her raptors susceptible but
someWhat less sensitive.
•Peregrine falcon nest susceptible if active
during construction.
• Z gyrfalcon nests suscept ible.
• 5 golden eagle nests susceptible to disturbance.
• 1 gyrfalcon nest susceptible.
• 6 raven nests susceptible.
• 1 golden eagle nest.susceptible.
• 1 raven nest susceptible.
......
-
-
lIfIJi!lIIl
"""I
-
""'"I
-
,tIifiI!iIl'j
-
TABLE E.3.159 (Page 3)
--borrow sites
--a::cess road
(5)Increased Human,Access:
.--hunting and jXlaching
-..,recreational dist urbance
• 1 gyrfalcon nest susceptible in Borrow Site 1<.
• 1 golden eajle nest in Watana-Devil Canyon
section.
• 1 bald eagle nest in Gold Creek-Devil Canyon
section.
Poaching trIlikel y to be major impact.
•May become significant impact,particularly to
nests along impoundment shores.
TABLE E.3.160:NUMBER OF KNOWN RAPTOR OR RAVEN NEST SITES IN THE MIDDl
AND DEVIL CANYON RESERVOIRS,OR THAT MAY BE AFFECTED BY
Cliff-Nestinq Locations
Species
1----+-1---I----Ir
Golden eagle Bald eagle Gyrfalcon Common
Total known nesting locations
Total recently active nestinq
locations
Total inactive nestinq
locations
Recently active nests to be
destroyed by impoundment,
borrow·areas or camp sites
Inactive nests to be destroyed
by impoundment,borrow areas
or camp sites
Total active +inactive
Percent of tot a I to be
destroyed by impoundment
borrow areas or camp sites
Recently active nests
possibly affected by access
and transmission routes
Inactive nests possibly
affected by access and
transmission routes
Watana
Dev i I Canyon
Both
Watana
Devi I Canyon
Both
Watana
Dev i I Canyon
Both
Watana
Devi I Canyon
Both
Watana
Devil Canyon
Both
16
9
7-8
38%
6-12%
44-50%
o
1
1
o
o
o
o
1
o
1
o
o
o
loot
~
100%
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
le
0%
33%
33~
o
o
o
o
o
o
21
7
14
5
o
5
6
4
10
15
52'
19~
71,
o
1
o
I(
1(
Total active +inactive both projects
a Does not include two nestina locations reported by Wf'lite (1974),but not relocated in 1980-
White's original map,and may represent two of the total seven confirmed inactive qolden eaq!
blncludes one nesting location (GE-8)that will be inundated and which is also approximately 1
clncludes oile nestinq location (GE::''9)that will be inundated and that is also approximately l(
within Borrow Acaa E (see Table E.3.161).
dlncludes one nesting location (GYR-2)occupied bv qyrfalcons in 1974 (White 1974)and by an I
e GYR -3 (recently inactive)may be within Borrow Area K (see Table E.3.161).
flncludes six confirmed active and six unconfirmed active raven nesting locations reported in
qThis nesting location <R-21l may be affected by the presence of the access road,transmissior
-hlncludes one bald eagle nesting location (BE-2)very near maximum operatinq level of 666 m (:
-
Percent of total to be
affected by access and
transmiss ion routes
Total nests affected
Total proporton of nests
affected
Watana 0%
Dev i I Canyon 6%
Both 6%
Watana 6
Devil Can von 2-3
Both 8-9
Watana 38%
Devi I Canyon 12-18%
Both 50-56%
o
0%
ot
0%
1
o
1
100%
0%
100%
o
0%
0%
0%
0%
33%
33~
2
5l
51
1O~
12
5
17
571
24j
81j
i ThiS nesting
jThis nest lng
kThis nest i ng
location (BE-6)may be affected by the access corridor in Deadman Creek.
location (BE-8)may be affected by the construction of the rai I road between Dev
location is onl y 0.2 km (0.1 mi)from Borrow Area I to be affected by Watana,bl
~SUSITNA RIVER BASIN,ALASKA,THAT WOULD BE INUNDATED BY THE WATANA
DEVELOPMENT OF ASSOCIATED ACCESS ROUTES AND TRANSMISSION ROUTES
Tree NestiT Locations
Total cl i tt I I Total tree Total bald
raven nestinq locations Bald eaqle Goshawk nestinq locations eaql e
41 7 3 10 8
20 5 2 6
21 2 3 2
10 3h 1 4 4
0 °h 0 0 0
10 3 1 4 4
8 0 Ok 0 0
6-7 0 1k 1 0
13-15 0 1 1 0
23-25 3 2 5 4
'f,44'1 43't 33%40%50%
'f,15-171,CJ!,33'{,lQ'f,0%
%56-61%43't 66%50'1:500t
1 1~0 1 1
1 1J 0 1 1
2 2 0 2 2
0 0 0 0 0
q 1 0 0 0 0a10000
3 2 0 2 2
'f,21 14%0%10%121
'f,5'f,14'1:Q'f,1m:12%
'f,7%29%0%20'f,25%
19 4.1 5 5
7-9 l J 1 2 1
26-28 5 2 7 6
'f,46';(57%33%5m:62%
%17-22'{,14't 33j(20\<12%
%63-68%71%661 70%75'{.
"--..-.
1981.These two locations (GE-6 and GE-12)may have been mislocated on
Ie nestinq locations.
100 m (330 ttl north ot Borrow Area J.
DO m B'30tf)north ot Borrow Area J,and one I ocat ion <GE-lll
unknown species (probably qyrfalcon)in 1980.
1974 (White 1974).
n corridor,and construction ot the dam (see Table E.3.161l.
2185 ttl.Assurred lost due to stiorel ine eros ion.
il Canyon and Gold Creek (see Table E.3.161).
ut wi II be inundated at a later date It Devil Canyon development occurs.
1 --1 ·-····1 ~·~""1 -1 !)J I )-]..---1 .~
TABLE E.3.161:RAPTOR AND RAVEN NESTING LOCATIONS IN THE MIDDLE SUSITNA BASIN,ALASKA,
THAT MAY BE AFFECTED BY THE SUSITNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
Nesting Estimated a
location Elevation
Number m (ft)
GE-2 610 -655
(2,000 -2,150)
GE-4 564 (1,B50)
GE-5 549 (1,BOO)
[GE -6][<579 «1,900)]
Project Action Potential Effects
GE-B
GE-9
490 -51B
(1,600 -1,700)
490 -51B
(1,600 -1,700)
Filling Watana Reservoir
Filling Watana Reservoir
Filling Watana Reservoir
[filling Watana Reservoir]
Watana Borrow Site J
Filling Watana Reservoir
Watana Borrow Site J
Filling Watana Reservoir
Inundation
Inundation
Inundation
[Inundation;however,GE-6 may
correspond to nearby GE-5.The
elevation of this nesting
location is unclear.White
(1974)marked this nesting
location at a pla:::e where
suitable nesting hmitat does
not appear to occur.]
Watana Borrow Site J is located
within 0.2 km (0.1 mi)of GE-B
and conaidermle disturbance may
occur during material excavation
and construction of the dam.
Inundat inn
WatanaBorrow Site J is located
less than O.2 km (0.1 mi)of
lL -9 and considerable distur-
bance may result from material
excavation.
Inundation
TABLE E.3.161 (Page 2)
Nesting
lacation
Number
1l:-10
l.l:-11
[l.l:-12]
l.l:-13
Est.imated a
Elevation
m (ft)
1,189 (3,900)
490 -518
(1,600 -1,700)
[<549?
«1,8001)]
427 -442
(1,400 -1,450)
Project Action
Watana Borrow Site f
r:enali-Watana Access Road
Watana Borrow Site E
[filling ~vil Canyon
Reservoir]
filling Devil Canyon
Reservoir
Potential Effects
Minimal disturbance is
anticipated although GE-10 lies
mout 1.1 -1.3 km (0.7-0.8 mi)
from Watana Borrow Site f.The
elevation and location of the
nest on the opposite side of
Tsusena Butte from the borrow
site will probably minimize any
direct inflLSnce that excavation
and/or transport of materials
may have.
Minimal disturbance is antici-
pated since the road lies about.
2.7-2.9 km (1.7 -1.8 mi)to the
sout.heast.
Nesting locat ion will be
physically destroyed as it lies
within Watana Borrow Site E.
[Inundation;hJwever,1I-12 may
correspond to nearby l.l:-13.
White (1974)marked this nesting
location at a place W1ere suit-
able nesting habitat does not
appear to occur.]
Inundation
J I J J J I J 1 1 J )I I I 1 I
1
TABLE E.3.161 (Page 3)
]1 -]J
Nesting
4Jcation
Number
lL-14
lL-18
Estimated a
Elevation
m (ft)
427 -4517
(1,400 -1,500'n
335 (1,100)
Project Action
filling Devil Canyon
Reservoir
Watana-Devil Canyon
Access In ad and Br idge
Dev il Canyon Dam
Construction
Devil Canyon Dam
Substation and
Transmission Corridor
Potential Effects
Possible inundat ion.The
elevation of this nest site is
unclear.White (1974)marked
this nesting location at a place
where suitlt>le nesting habitat
does not appear to occur.II:-14
may have been located on one of
two small cliff areas 1.4-2.1 km
(0.9-1.3 mi)further downstream.
The access road rout.e is 0.2 km
(0.1 mi)from and near the top
of the cliff on l'ltlich 11:-18 is
located and the ~cess road
br idge crosses the river 0.8 km
(0.5 mi)dOl'nstream from the
nest location.Considerable
disturbance may occur during
construct ion.
The Devil Canyon dansite is
1.0 km (0.6 mi)upstream from
11:-18 and considerlt>le distur-
bance may occur during
construct ion.
The Dev il Canyon Substat ion and
transmission corridor is 0.8 km
(0.5mi)north of 1I-18,and
some disturbance may occur
during construction.
TABLE E.3.161 (Page 4)
Nesting
Location
Number
BE-2
Estimated a
Elevation
m (ft)
663 -671
(2,175 -2,200)
Project Action
filling Watana Reservoir
Potential Effects
Poss ible inundat ion.BE -2 lies
near the limit of the impound-
ment flooding and the estimated
elevation span of this nesting
location extends slightly move
and below the 666 m (2,185-ft)
maximum operatin;)level of the
Watana.reservoir.
BE-3 579 (1,900)filling Watana Reservoir
BE-4 540 -549 filling Watana Reservoir
(1,775 -1,800)
BE-5 497 -503 Filling Watana Reservoir
(1,630 -1,650)
BE-6 760 (2,500)Denali-Watana Access Abad
Inundation
Inundation
Inundation
This nesting location lies
0.8 km (0.5 mi)east of t.he
access road and considermle
disturbance is anticipated.
BE-8 230 (750)Devil Canyon Railroad Devil Canyon railroad is 0.5 km
(0.3 mi)from t.his nesting
locat.ion and construct ion
activities may result in
considerable dist.urbance.
J J I 1 J I J I J J J 1 I J I J
J J '1•·1 ,.)1 .]1 J )1
TABLE E.J.161 (Page 5)
Nesting
location
Number
GYR-J
GOS-1
GOS-2
Estimated a
Elevation
m (ft)
579 -6107
(1,900 -2,000?)
518 (1,700)
442 (1,450)
Project Action
Devil Canyon Quarry
Site K
Filling Watana Reservoir
Watana Borrow Site 1
Filling Devil Canyon
Reservoir
Potential Effects
GYR-J iIlay lie within this quarry
site and material excavation
could result in t.he dest.ruct ion
of t.his nesting location.
(Presence or absence of t.his
nesting location needs t.o be
rechecked.
Inundat.io n
This material sit.e is 0.2 km
(0.1 mi)t.o the west.of GOS-2
and considerable dist.urbances
may result.from excavation and
t.ransport.of materials from
t.his site.
InuneJat.io n (see pot.enti a1 effect.
of Wat.ana Borrow Sit.e I)
TABLE E.3.161 (Page 6)
Nesting
Location
Number
Estimateda
Elevation
m (ft)Project Action Potential Effects
R-3
R-4
641 (2,100)
610 -778
(2,000 -2,550)
Filling Watana Reservoir
Filling Watana Reservoir
Inundation
Possible inundation.The eleva-
tion of R-4 is unclear.'fttlite
(1974)marked the general loca-
tion of R-4 in the vicinity of
two small cliff areas on the
north bank of the Susi tna River.
The nest WBs not found in 1980
or 1981 but is thought to be
within the indicated elevations
and potentially flooded by the
666 m (2185 ft)maximum opera-
ting level of the Watana
resevoir.
R-5 641 (2,100)Filling Watena Reservoir
R-6 610 (2,000)Filling Watana Reservoir
R-7 534 -549 Filling Watana Reservoir
(1,750 -1,800)
R-8 519 (1,700)Filling Watana Reservoir
R-9 488 (1,600)Watana Borrow Site J
Filling Watana Reservoir
Inundation
Inundation
Inundat ion
Inundation
Material excavation from Watana
Borrow Site J for dam construc-
tion will occur within the river
basin as close as 0.2 km
(0.1 mi)to R-9.Consider !'DIe
dist.urbance may result from
these activities prior to the
filling of the reservoir and
eventual flooding of this
nesting location.
Inundat io n (see potenti al ef feet
of Watana Borrow Site J)
J J _~J I J I J I )J J _l J )J J J
]"-1 }11 "]-1 ~._....]j J ]J 1 J 1 1 ----]-1J•
TABLE E.3.161 (Page 7)
Nesting
Location
Number
R-10
R-11
R-12
Estimatad a
Elevation
m (ft)
488 (1,600)
564 (1,850)
625 (2,050)
Project Action
Watana Borrow Si te J
Filling Watana Reservoir
Watana Borrow Site J
Filling Watana Reservoir
Wet ana Camp
tenali-Watana kcess
Road
Filling Watana Reservoir
Potential Effects
Watana Borrow Site J is 0.1 km
(330 ft.)from R-10 and
considerable disturbance may
result from excavation m
transj:Qrt of materials fran this
material site prior to the
filling of the reservoir and
eventual flooding of this
nesting locat ion.
Inundation (see potential effect
of Watana Borrow Site J)
Watana Borrow Site J is 0.1km
(330 ft.)from R..11 and con-
siderable disturbance may result
from excavation and t.ransport of
materiels fran this material
site prior to the filling of
Watana reservoir and eventual
flooding of this nesting
location.
Inundation (see potential effect
of Watana Borrow Site J)
The camp is 1.4km (O.6mi)west
of R-12.Minimal disturbance is
anticipated as a result of con-
struction or use of the camp.
The access ro8::1 is 1.9 km
(1.1 mi)west of R-12.little
or no disturbance is anticipated
as a result of the proximity of
the access road.
Inundation
TABLE E.J.161 (Page 8)
Nesting
location
Number
R-1J
R-14
R-15
Est imated a
Elevation
m (ft)
549 (1,800)
549 -580
(1 ,800 -1,900)
519 -580
(1,700 -1,900)
Project Action
Watana Camp )
)
~nali-Watana ~cess )
Road )
)
Watana Damsi te )
Transmission Corr idor
Watana Borrow Site H
Watana Borrow Sit.e H
Potential Effects
R-13 lies 2.4 km (1.5 mi)west
of the recess rOM and 1 mi
northwest of the Watana damsite;
and as a result,little distur-
bance is anticipated.
The t.ransmission line is
O.3-0.6 km (0.2-0.4 mi)from
R-13 and some disturbance
may occur.
This borrow site is 0.8 km
(0.5 mi)from R-14 and minimal
disturbance is antici~ted.
This borrow sHe is 0.2 km
(0.1 mi)from R-15 and consid-
erable disturbance may occur
durirg excavation and transpor-
tation of materials fran this
site.
R-16 442 (1,450)Filling Devil Canyon
Reservoir
R-17 442 (1,450)Filling Devil Canyon
Reservoir
R-18 427 (1,400)Filling Dev il Canyon
Reservoir
R-20 366 (1,200)Filling Devil Canyon
Reservoir
Inundation
Inundation
Inundation
Inundation
)J ~J J J J .J I ••J J J t ))t ..1 J
1 1 -1 -"i ---]1 -1 ·---1 )J 1 -)1 JJl
TABLE E.J.161 (Page 9)
Nesting
location
Number
R-21
Estimated a
Elevation
m (ft)
427 (1,400)
Project Action
.Dev il Canyon Dam
Construction
Watana-Devil Canyon
Access Road
Potential Effects
The demsite is 0.7km (0.4mi)
upstream from R-21 and consid-
erable disturbance may result
from construction-related
activities associated With the
dam.
This roa:!is 0.4 km (0.25 mi)
from R-21 and lies near ttl:!top
of the next cliff.Considenble
disturbance may result from the
construction and/or use of this
road.
aDifferences occur between elevations given here and those report.ad by Kessel et al (1982a).
Original estimates were obtained by attemptirg to locate nests as ~curately as possible on
lEGS 1:63 360 maps with contour intervals of 100 ft (majority)or 50 ft (Talkeetna t-buntains
C-1),but it was often difficult to precisely locate nests and to locate them relative to
tightly-spaced contour intervals (Cooper 1982 pers.comm.).All elevations have been reviewed
am some revisions were made;however,in some cases,estimates given here may contain errors
of as mll:h as 30.5 m (100 ft).All elevations must be considered approximate (unless otherwise
noted)until the majority are rechecked with a precision altimeter.
WATANA
TABLE E3.162:NEST NUMBERS AND STATUS (i =inactive,
74a =active in 74 and considered inac
BE AFFECTED BY THE SUSITNA HYDRO PROJE
DEVIL CANYON
Destroyed by Inundation
or Borrow Extraction
Disturbed by Access or
Transmission Corridor
Destroyed by Inundation
or Borrow Extraction
Disturbed by Access or
Transmission Corridor
Distu
Borrow
Prior b
GE
BE
GYR
GOS
2a , 4
a 5a ,8a 13 i ?18 a B:,,14 ?
i Hi9 ,
2a
?374 ,4a ,5a 6a 8a.,
3a
?
la,2i 2i
3a a 574a , 7
74a ,13a 1 74a 17 74a ,21 74a
9
74a,4 ?,6 ,
8 74a,9 74a ,lOa 18 74a 2d-,,
11 74a,12a 15a,
*R-12 and R-13 are also sUbject to disturbance from Watana Camp.
-
-
a =act.ive,74 =inact.ive in 74 /I:unknown more recent.!y,
bve rmre recently)IF RAPTffi t£STING LOCAflONS WHICH WIll
CT AND THE SOURCE OF IMPACTS
WATANA DEVIL CANYON
•
rbed During
r Extr act ion
o Inundatio n
Disturbed During
Borrow Ext.raction
Not.to be Inundat.ed
Dist.urbed During
Clearing
Disturbed Dur ing
Borrow Ext.ract.ion
Not.to be Inundated
Dist.urbed Dur ing
Borrow Extract.ion
Pr ior to Inundat ion
Di sturbed Dur ing
Clearing
a 9 i 18 a 1~2~3~18 a 11 ~i ?,13 ,14 ;
4a r},9i 15\16a,
2a 3 74 4a ,5a,,
1a 3a 2a
2i 1a 2i 2i 3a,
lOa,11 74a i 15a 2 74a,3a ,4a 5 74a ,21 74a 16 74a ,17 74a ,18 74a,14 ,,
74a 774a 8 74a 19a ,20i ,21 '4a6 ,, ,
9 74a ,1 Oa,11 74a ,12a
.....
-
....
r
TABLE E.3.163:FACTORS THAT AffECT THE SENSITIVITY OF RAP TORS TO DISTURBANCES
(from ROseneau et al ••19m)
Characteristics of the Disturbance
-type of disturbance
-severity (speed,loudness,suddennesst persistence,etc.)
-frequency of occurrence
Characteristics of the Bird
-the tndividual (individual differences in response)
-sex
-age
-'Irood'(a factor of recent activities,weather)
-territorial status (breeder,territorialnon-breeder,or non-territorial
floater)
-stage of annual life cycle (winter,migration,courtship,egg-laying,
rearing youngt etc.)
-occurrence of other disturbances or natural stresses at the same time
-previous experience with this type of disturbance (habituation may occur)
Topography
-nearness of disturbance to raptor 01."nest
-relative elevations (is nest or raptor above or below the disturbance?
by What distance?)
-presence of screening features (trees,intervening hill)
-direction f'acedbynest relative toSlrl,wind,disturbance
-type of nest-(exposed ledge,overhung ledget cave)
-distance of nest above font of cliff'and below lip -of cliff (i .e.,
'secur ity'of nest)
Time of Day
Weather at Time'of Oisturbance
Potential Predators Nearb~
Type of Prey Utilized by the Bird (speCies,locationt mundance)
Timing
TABLE E.3.164:IWLLEM::E (T TIMING (T DISTURBANCE ON THE
POSSIBLE EFFECTS ON RAPTORS
(fr om ROseneau et a1.1981)
Possible Effects of Disturbance
-
-
-
Winter
Arrival and
courtship
Egg-laying
Incubation
Nestling phase
Fledgling phase
Night
Gmeral
Raptor may abandon nest,roosting cliff,or hunting
area (e.g.,gyrfalcon)
Migrant raptor may be forced to use alternative nest
site (if available),may remain but fail to breed
or may abandon nest si te
Partial clut.ch may be mandoned and remainder (or
full clutch)laid at alternative nest;breeding
effort may cease or site may be mandoned
Eggs may be chilled,overhBated,or preyed upon if
parents are kept off nest too long;sudden flushing
from nest may destroy eggs;male may cease incubating;
clutch or site may be abandoned
Chilling,overheating,or predation of young may occur
if adults are kept off nest;sudden flushing of parent
may injure or kill nestlings;malnutrition and death
may result from missed feedings;premature flying of
nestlings from nest may cause injury or death;adults
may abandon nest or site
Missed feedings may result in malnutrition or death;
fledglings may become lost if disturbed in high windS;
increased chance of injury due to extra moving mout;
parents may abandon brood or site
Panic flight may occur and birds may become lost or
suffer injury or death
Undue expense of energy;increased risk of injury to
alarmed or defending birds;missed hunting opportunities
~
I
-
-
-
-
TABLE E.3.165:APPROXIMATE LOSSES
SUSITNA BASIN AS A
Avian Habitats Watana
(p lot numbers from Approximate Total ha in Watana Borrow and
Table E.3.139 in Vegetation Type GC and Watana Permanent Construction Total
parenthesis)Equivalents Watersheds Faci I ities Sites Watana
alpine tundra mat and cushion 249,359 0 70 70
(1)tundra,dwarf sedge
shrub meadow and
mesic sedge-grass
tundra
dwarf-low birch low birch shrub 33,549 492 321 813
(2,3)
low-medium shrub low mixed shrub 471,461 704 249 953
(4)
ta II alder thicket tall shrubland 124,035 537 14 551
(5)
cottonwood forest closed balsam poplar ***1 3 0 3
(6)forest
paper bi rch forest closed birch forest 323 473 5 478
(7)
white spruce-paper open mixed conifer-23,387 1342 138 1480
birch forest decIduous forest
(8,9)
white spruce forest closed conifer forest
(10)
white spruce woodland white spruce
scattered woodland
-.(11)
black spruce dwarf woodland black spruce
dwarf forest
(12)
323
17,322
138,612
o
397
3878
o
140
419
o
537
4297
~'"p<
**_lClosed balsam poplar forest stands were too sma I I to be measured at the scale of the Gold Creek
watershed maps.Most~ands are in river bottomlands and wil I be inundated.Numerous sma I ler star
wi II not be affected."'-
***2Hectares affected are apparently greater than the total in the basin because of differences in l
between basin and impoundment area maps.Many sma I I closed birch stands wi II not be affected.
***3Data averaged-when type represents more than one of Kessel et al.'s (1982a)census plots,see T,
)F AVIAN HABITATS STUDIED IN THE MIDDLE
~ESULT OF THE SUSITNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
D.C.Avian Density Number of
Watana D.C.Borrow and D.C.%Total %(Number of Breed ing
,of Total Permanent Construction Total of Total Other Terrltoriesl Species
latershed Faci I ities Sites D.C.Watershed Projects 10 ha)1981 (1981 )
0%0 0 0 0%0%4.8 10
2%49 18 67 <1%2%22.2 8
<1%4 0 4 0.0';<1%45.4 6
<1%3 0 3 0.0%<1%12.5 10
***1 8 0 8 ***100%60.9 16
***2 433 0 433 ***2 90-100%38.1 10
6%286 0 286 1%7%38.2 17
3%
3%
...,r-..c
md Watana
Is
:ale
o
20
133
--
o
o
o
o
20
133
0%
<1%
<1%
0%
3%43.8
24.8
8
16
13
J -1 ]C~-l J I I I -]J )J 1
TABLE E.3.166:ESTIMATED NUMBER OF SMALL-AND MEDIUM-SIZED BIRDS THAT WOULD BE
ELIMINATED THROUGH HABITAT DESTRUCTION AS A RESULT OF THE SUSITNA
HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT (NUMBERS WERE DERIVED FROM THE DENSITIES
OF SPECIES TERRITORIES ON THE RESPECTIVE BIRD CENSUS PLOTS IN
1981,MULTIPLIED BY THE AREA OF CORRESPONDING VEGETATIVE TYPES
TO BE ALTERED OR DESTROYED BY THE PROJECT AND PERCENT OF ESTIMATED
TOTAL NUMBER OF BREEDING BIRDS WITHIN 16 KM (10 MI.)OF THE
SUSITNA RIVER BETWEEN THE N:LAREN RIVER AND GOLD CREEK)
(from kessel un pub.tables)
Acce-SSROad ~----Transmission
(Dev II Canyon LIne (Between
Dev II Canyon to Dena II Watana and
Watana Facl Ilty Facl Ilty HIghway)Gold Creek)Total
No.BIrds %No.Birds %No.BIrds No.Birds No.Birds %
Spruce grouse 464 9.9 242 5.2 4 26 736 15.7
WIllow ptarmIgan 40 1.8 4 0.2 18 62 2.9
Am.golden plover 12 12 0.2
Greater yellowlegs 10 3.8 10 3.8
Common sn I pe 1,550 3.9 496 1.2 6 2,052 5.1
Least sandpIper 8 8 0.4
BaIrd's sandpiper 8 8 0.1
HaIry woodpecker 232 9.9 122 5.2 2 12 368 15.7
N.3-toed woodpecker 238 8.5 102 3.6 2 4 346 12.4
Gray Jay 522 4.8 188 1.7 8 14 732 6.7
Boreal chickadee 2,084 8.5 416 1.7 6 36 2,542 10.3
Brown creeper 232 9.9 122 5.2 2 12 368 15.7
American robin 838 6.2 48 0.4 14 900 6.6
Varied thrush 2,560 8.1 1,238 3.9 10 80 3,888 12.3
HermIt thrush 2,104 7.7 1,060 3.9 18 58 3,240 11.9
Swalnson's thrush 4,494 10.7 2,360 5.6 28 180 7,062 16.9
Gray-cheeked thrush 4,068 7.3 240 0.4 12 24 4,344 7.8
Arctic warbler 1,440 1.4 56 0.1 140 1,636 1.6
Ruby-crowned kinglet 7,628 8.1 1,160 1.2 14 64 8,866 9.4
Water pIpit 12 12 0.1
Ye I low-rumped warb Ier 9,428 9.6 3,314 3.4 38 240 12,020 13.3
Blackpoll warbler 3,564 8.7 804 1.9 10 48 4,426 10.8
Northern waterthrush 596 10.0 312 5.3 4 32 944 15.9
Wilson's warbler 5,308 2.0 988 0.4 356 108 6,760 2.5
Common redpo II 3,304 5.2 900 1.4 54 70 4,328 6.8
Savannah sparrow 5,550 1.7 184 0.1 416 6,150 1.9
Dark-eyed Junco 6,212 7.2 1,616 1.8 38 124 7,990 9.3
Tree sparrow 9,142 2.0 420 0.1 550 10,112 2.2
WhIte-crowned sparrow 5,540 3.4 296 0.2 156 5,992 3.7
Fox sparrow 5,386 7.0 604 0.8 22 48 6,060 7.8
Lapland longspur 20 20 0.1
-
Total Number Breeding
17,300 1,200 103,000BIrds(rounded off)82,500
TABLE E.3.167~TOTAL AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC ON ACCESS ROAD AND nENALI
HIGHWAY DURING PEAK CONSTRUCTION YEAR ANOSEASON
-~
-.
(data from Frank Orth &Associates,Inc.1982)
Denali Highway1
Cantwell to Fish Creek:
DOT non-project rel ated traffic projections
Project related passenger vehicles
Project support materials vehicles
Project heavy trucks
Total
Fish Creek to McClaren River:
DOT non-project related traffic projections
Project rel ated passenger vehi cl es .
Project support materials vehicles
Project heavy trucks
Total
Access Road
Project related passenger vehicles
Project support materials vehicles
Project heavy trucks
Total
Case A*
320
384
20
70
794
130
384
20
70
604
674
20
70
508
Case B**
320
240
20
70
650
130
240
20
70
460
484
20
70
426
-
-
*Assumes each commuting wo~ker uses a private vehicle -one vehicle per
worker.
**Assumes the application of a 1.72 commuter worker to private vehicle ratio.
This ratio represents selected resUlts of a study that examined wo'rkerl
vehicle ratios in major eastern U.S.power plants under construction in 1978
and 1979 (Metz,W.C.1981.Worker/Vehicle Ratios at Major Eastern Power
Plant Construction Sites:A Time of Change.Traffic Quarterly 35 (3):
433-443.July 1981.
1 Denal i Hi ghway est imates ioncl ude Al aska Dept.of Transportation projected
1990 Average Daily Traffic independent of the Susitna project.
.....
.,
I
-
,~
TABLE E.3.168:STATE OF ALASKA TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL PROTECTION CRITERIA FOR NESTING RAPToRSl
Species
Sensitive 2
Time Period
Aerial 3
.Activity
Minor
Ground
Activity
Major
Ground
Activity
Facility
Siting
Habitat
Disturbance
Peregrine
falcon
Gyrfalcon
4G:Jlden eagle
4Baldeagle
April 15-1 mi h mi 2 mi 2 mi
August 31 or 1500 ft v
February 15-1/4 mi h 1/4 mi 1/4 mi 1/2 mi
August 15 or 1000 ft v
March 15-1/2 mi h 1/4 mi 1/2 mi 1/2 mi
August 31 or 1000 ft v
March 15-1/4 mi h 1/B mi 1/4 mi 1/2 mi
August 31 or moo ft
2 mi
1/8 mi
,...
r
Explanatory Notes
Raptor nest sites are assumed occupied lrltil J.rne 1 each year.After that date,protection
measures for a specific nest site can be withdrawn for the remainder of the year if the nest is
documented to be non-active.
It should be noted that any activity,disturbance,or habitat alteration that may affect historic
or currently active peregrine falcon nest sites must be reviewed by the U.S.Fish and Wildlife
Service,Office of Endangered Species,to evaluate the potential for detrimental impacts to the
weI fare of this endangered species.
Restrictions-The restriction columns prov ide temporal and spatial protection measures necessary
to m1n1m12e disturbance to sensitive wildlffe areas from aerial activity,minor ground activity,
major ground activity,and the siting and operation of facilities.
Aerial activities include the potential disturbance effects from both fixed-wing aircraft and
helicopters.The disturbance and "startling"impacts of low-level aircraft activity are of
particular concern during raptor nesting.
Minor ground activity is characterized by limited,short-term,reconnaissance and exploration-type
programs that do not involve signi fieant amoLnts of per9Jnnel,equipment,surface disturbance,or
noise.Examples of minor ground activity include foot reconnaissance,field inventories,
topographic surveys,resistivity surveys,and some borehole/test pit exploration activities.
Major ground activity is characterized by extensive construction-related disturbance involving
significant amounts of personnel,equipment,surface disturbance,noise,or vehicular activity.
The duratio.n of this disturbance may be either short-term or long-term,but the magnitude of
overall activity is such that sensitive wildlife areas could be adversely affected.Typical major
ground activities include clearing,pad construction,blasting,ditching,pipe laying,materials
site dey el opment,and f ac i litY co nst ruct ion.
Facility SitIng -The concerns of facility siting in proximity to sensitive wildlife areas include
the long:{erm1l11pacts of facility operation during duration of the project and the effects of
habitat alteration on the integrity of wildlife use areas.Co ntinuousl y occupied or operating
facilities maygenera'te noise or activity disturbance that could preclude Wildlife occupation of a
sensitive use area for the duration of the project.Alteration of adjacent habitats beyond the
boundary of a defined wildlife use area may also disCourage or preclude continued use of a
sensitive area by wildlife.
TABLE E.3.168 (Page 2)
2
3
4
DerIved from "Sensitive WIldlife Areas of the Northwest Alaskan Gas Pipeline Corridor,"
C.E.Behlke,State Pipeline Coordinator,letter to E.A.Kuhn,NWA,July 15,1980 (see
footnote 4 be low)•Protect Ion cr I ter Ia are accepted gu I de IInes fo I lowed by the AIaska Dept.
of Fish and Game and the U.S.Fish and WIldlife service.
Sensitive time perIods fisted here differ somewhat from broader phenological perIods lIsted
in Table E.3.129,but are specIfically desIgned to encompass the great majority of nestIng
pairs durIng what are-considered to be the most critical portions of the breeding season.
h =horizontal;v =vertical.
Sensitive time period dates were modIfied to reflect earlier nesting by some golden eagles
that may winter In the Alaska Range In the milder years (Roseneau,unpubl.data)to allow for
later fledging of some bald eagle nestlings (see Table E.3.129).
-
-
-
-
-
,
r
I
i
....
TABLE E.3.169:ESTIMATED MITIGATION COSTS FOR COMPENSATION FOR
MOOSE,BROWN BEAR AND BLACK BEAR FORAGING HABITAT LOSS
Program Estimated Cost
f""'"A.Controlled Burning (Compensation for moose and bears)
1.ObJective:
To Increase browse and berry production on 6400 acres·of
forested land
Location:
Vicinity of Watana Creek
3.Cost Elements -Construction Period:
~Total Average Annual Operation Costs
i 82,OOO/yr.
I
1""'"
I
I
I
-,
a.Labor for professional planning and fire control,
1987-1993
b.Equipment and logistics
c.Land lease -1600 acres··
$80,000
--'---X 8 yearsyr
Total Construction Period Costs
Cost Elements -Operation Period (average annual costs):
a.Repeat burn,2002-2008 (or as required)
b.Land lease -1600 acres·.
$80,000
$20,000
$640,000
$
$740,000
$2,000
$80,000
$
B.Clearing (compensation for moose)
1.Object Ive:
,...,.To Increase browse production on 16,000···of forested
land
2.Location:....
Either side of the Susltna River floodplain downstream
from Devil Canyon
1"'"
......
TABLE E.3.169 (page 2)
Program
3.Cost elements -Construction period:
a.Labor and equipment
16,000 acres 8 $600/acre
Total Construction Period Costs
4.Costs elements -Operation Period (average annual costs):
a.Two repeat clearings during license perIod
Total Average Annual Operation Costs
Est Imated Cost
$9,600,000
$9,600,000
$384,000
$384,000
-
_.
..,
-
*EstimatIon of areas requIred presented In Section 4.4.2(b)-Mitigation Plan 6.
**It Is arbitrari Iy assumed for this analysis that 4800 acres of federal or state land are
obtained through Interagency agreement,and that 1600 acres of prIvately owned land are
leased.It Is further assumed that the land Is leased at 5%purchase value per year,that
purchase value Is $1000/acre,and that 8 years of lease payments are durIng the construction
phase and 50 years In the operation phase.
***It Is arbitrarIly assumed for this analysis that 16.000 acres of state or federal land are
obtaIned through Interagency agreement.
.....
-.
~,
-
-
-
-.
-
-
1""'"
TABLE E.3.170:ESTIMATED MITIGATION COSTS FOR AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY
OF VEGETATION IN THE DOWNSTREAM FLOODPLAIN
Program
A.Aerial Photography
I.Object i ve:
To monitor changes In downstream browse availability for moose In
In order to al low complete mitigation.
2.Location:
The river floodplain between Devil Canyon and Cook Inlet
3.Cost Elements -Construction Period
a.Photography flights.printing.vegetation mapping and
analysis,1988 or 1989
Total Project Construction Costs
4.Cost Elements -Operation Period (average annual cost)
a.Photography flights.printing.vegetation mapping and
analysis.at 10 year Intervals.
$10.000 X 5 $1.000
Estimated Cost
<1982 dollars)
$10.000
$10.000
$I.OOO/year
1"""
-
,....
I
i
,....
50 year
Total Project Average Annual Operation Costs $I,OOO/year
TABLE E.'.171:ESTIMATED MITIGATION COSTS FOR BALD EAGLE
HABITAT MODIFICATION*
Program Element
1.Program Design
2.Const.ruction
a.Materials
b.Labor**
,.Placement***
a.Labor
b.Transportation
(Helicopter)
$500/site x 10 =
$250/site x 10 =
$1100/site x 10 =
Subtotal
70/lnur x 80 =
400/hour x 30 =
Subtot.al
Project Construction Costs:TOTAL
Estimated Cost
(1982 dollars)
$5,000
2,500
11,000
$1',500
5,600
12,000
$17,600
$'6.100
*Construction '8nd placement of artificial nests in trees modified for this
purpose,and modification of other trees to allow eagles to build 0""
nests (10 artificial nests'assumed).
**Includes artificial nest fabrication.
***Includes time spent locatirg trees suitliDle for modification.Assumes 1
to ,tree modifications and 1 to 2 nest placements at each site.
,
IJ!I!I1
i
TABLE E.3.172:ESTIMATED MITIGATION COSTS FOR II:SI~,CONSTRlI:TION,AND
.PLACEMENT IT 10 r£ST PLATFORMS WITH ARTIFICIAL r£STS FOR
GOLDEN EAGLES (on transmissiop towers)
Program Element
1.Program ~sign
Z.Construction
a.Materials
-Platforms
-Arti fici al Nests
b.Labor
-Platforms
-Artificial Nests
3.Pla::ement*
$150x10=
50 x 10 =
Z5/hour x 60 =
Z5/hour x 60 =
Subtotal
Estimated Cost
(1982 dpllars)
$5,000
1,500
500
1,500
1,500
$5,000
.....
a.Labor
b..Transportation
(Helicopter)
70/hour x BO =
400/hour x 8 =
Subtotal
Proj~ct Construction Costs:TOTAL
5,600
3,ZOO
$B,800
$18.800
*Placement includes supervision by raptor biologist of installation,and
assumes use of contr actor crew labor dur ing erecton of to \Jers.Cost per
site would increase if fewer sites \Jere chosen,because of fixed logistic
requirements.
TABLE E.3.B173:ESTIMATED MITIGATION COSTS fOR CESI~,CONSTROCTION,AND
PLACEMENT Of 10 NEST BOXES fOR CAVITY-NESTING RAPTORS
Program Element
1.Program Design
2.ConstrlX:tion
a.Materials
b.Equipment
c.Labor
3.PI acement*
a.Labor
b.Transportation
(Helicopter)
$30/box x 20 =
25/rour x 20 =
70/tour x 40 =
400/hour x 12 =
Subtotal
Subtotal
TOTAL
Estimated Cost
(1982 dollars)
$1,000
300
1,000
500
$1,800
2,800
4,800
$7,600
,$,9,400
-
-
-
*Placement includes locating appropriate habitat and sites within that
habitat,plus physical installation,including any final IlDdifications to
create natural settings.-
-I
-
TABLE E.3.174:ESTIMATED ~ITIGATION COSTS fOR MODIfICATION OF CLIff
LOCATIONS TO PROVIDE GOLDEN EAGLE NESTING HABITAT*
Project Construction Costs:TOTAL
....'
Program £lement
1.Program Design**
2.Qmstructi{)n
a.Materials***
b.Lltlor****
c.Transportation*****
(Helicopter)
$1,OOO/site x 10 =
$1,000/site x 10 =
70 hour x 280 =
400/hour x 50 =
Subtotal
Estimated Cost
(1982 dollars)
$10,000
10,000
19,600
20,000
$49,600
$59.600
r *AssUl1les 10 cliff locations and 2 to 3 cliff modificat ions per locat ion.
**Requires prior completion of aerial surveys to establish candidate
locations.
***Includes explosives,rock drills,cement,hand tools,climbing gear,
etc.
1"'"
****Costs heavily dependent on site conditions actually encountered.
*****Separate trips required to transport explosives.
TABLE E.3.175:ESTIMATED MITIGATION COSTS fOR CREATING NEW NESTING
CLIffS fOR GoLDENEAGLES*
-
ProjeetConstruet ion Costs:TOTAL
Program Element
1.Program Design*
2.UJnstruction
a.Materials**
b•Lltlor***
c.Transportation****
(Hel icopter )
$3,ooo/site x 4 =
$4,ooO/site x 4 =
70 hour x 600 =
400/tnur x 32 =
Subtotal
Estimated Cost
(1982 dollars)
$12,000
16,000
42,600
12,800
$70,800
$82.800
-
-
-
-
*Involves removal of overburden to expose bedrock cliffs;'a maximum of four
locations is assumed.
**Costs will vary with equipment and explosives requirements.
***Costs will vary with professional drilling and blasting requirements.
****Separate trips required to transport explosives.
-
~l
TABLE E.3.176:THE SUCCESS OF ARTIfICIAL NESTING STRUCTURES
INSTALLED ON POWER POLES AND TRANSMISSION TOWERS
(excerpted·from OlendorfF et a1.1981)
Location
Illinois
East Germany
Colorado
Idaho
Idaho
Oregon
~rth Dakota
Orel}':ln,
Washington,
Montana
Type and Itl.
of Structures
1 wooden nestbox
30 iron plat forms·
on poles
12 \t«)oden plat foms
1975 25 nestboxes
1976 25 nestboxes
1977 25 nestboxes
6 wooden plat forms
(2 to 4 years each)
40 steel plat forms
on towers
20 \t«)oden or wire
mesh plat (orms
1977 4 \t«)oden!
fiberglass plat forms
1978 5 wooden!
fiberglass plat forms
1979 5 wooden!
fiberglass plat forms
*NO.[l::cUpled
(and species)
1 (kestrel)
Almost all used
each year
(ospreys)
"bne
12 (kestrel)
19 (kestrel)
24 (kestrel)
4 (golden eaJle)
1 (red-tailed
hawk)
1 (osprey)
**1 .(bald eagle)
too early for
results
too early for
results
1 (red-tailed
hawk)
1 (osprey)
1 (osprey)
1 (osprey)
*Minimum number of times used in time periods specified.
**A pair occupied a platform early one season,but did not nest successfully.
TABLE E.3.177:BOTANICAL RESOURCES
MITIGATION STUDIES
"""
-,
PROGRAM SCHEDULE ESTIMATED COST
(I)Transmission corridor -surveys for candidate
threatened or endangered
plants:Section 3.2.1 1983 $100,000*
(2)Mapping of wetland,~
browse,and general
vegetation types:
Section 3.2.1 1983 $350,000*
(3)Moose browse characterizatIon
study:Section 3.4.2 1983 or 1984 $100,000*
(4)Alphabet Hills burn study:1984 and future $75,000*
Section 3.4.2 1984 and future (first year only)"""
(5)Downstream floodplain 1988 and IO-year $10,000**
photography:Section 3.4.2 Intervals (flight and analysis)
"""
*Included In project capital cost for construction.
**Expenditure beyond project capital cost.
"""
""'"
TABLE E.3.178:WILDLIFE MITIGATION SUMMARY
"""
Mitigation Plans
Monitoring Study I
(frequency and location of
access road and railroad
mortality)
Monitoring Study 2
(downstream aerial
photography to monitor
vegetation changes)
Monitoring Study 3
(car I bou movements)
Monitoring Study 4
(records of Impoundment
crossing and related
mortality
Monitoring Study 5
(seasonal use and distri-
bution of use of Jay Creek
minerai lick)
MonItoring Study 6
(den Iocat Ion s)
Monitoring Study 7
(woy population data)
Monitoring Study 8
(beaver numbers and
dIstr I but Ion)
Monitoring Study 9
(raptor nest sites)
Monitoring Study 10
(swan nest sites)
Monitoring Study 11
(browse productln)
Target Species
moose,caribou
moose
carl bou
moose,caribou,brown
bear,black bear
dal I sheep,moose
brown bear,black
bear,woy and fox
woy (ungulates)
beaver
golden eagle,bald
eagle,gep fatcan,
peregrine falcon,
goshawk (and other
raptors)
trumpeter swan
moose
Schedule
Throughout construction
and operation
1988 and 10-year
Intervals thereafter
Throughout construction
and operation
Throughout Operation
1983 and3 years after
filing
Throughout construction
Throughout construction
an d 3 y~ars Into
operation
Throughout construction
and operation
Throughout construction
and Into operation as
Indicated In Mitigation
Plan 20
Construction phase
Throughout construction
(beginning In 1983 In
AI phabet HIlls)and
operation
Estimated Expenditure
Beyond Project
Cap I ta I Cost
None
S10,000 per flight
and analysis
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Mitigation Plan 1
(Impoundment clearing)
aII spec res (I n
particular moose,
black ber,furbearers,
raptors,waterbirds
and sma I I birds and
mamma I s)
2-3 years prior to None
f tI lng,with mod If I ca-
tions to avoid sensitive
areas
TABLE E.3.178 (page 2)
Mitigation Plans
Mitigation Plan 2
(minimize habitat loss)-
Mitigation Plan 3
(revegat Ion)
Mitigation Plan 4
(transmission corridor
design)
Mitigation Plan 5
(maintain river temperature
as close to normal as
possible
Mitigation Plan 6
(enhancement on replace-
ment lands)
Mitigation Plan 7
(moose model and related
studies)
Mitigation Plan 8
(controlled moose hunt)
Mitigation Plan 9
(Impoundment debris
monitoring and removal)
Mitigation Plan 10
(protect sensitive areas
from disturbance)
Mitigation Plan 11
(design changes to access
road to avoid caribou
calving area)
Mitigation Plan 12
(central vehicle traffic)
Mitigation Plan 13
(exposure of new sol I at
Jay Creek minerai lick)
Target Species
a II spec Ies (I n
particular forest
dwelling species,
also aquatic and
semi-aquatic
furbearers
moose,brown bear,
black bear,
acclplters,small
mammals
enhancement for moose
and bird and mammal
Inhabitants of early
sera I communities;
will reduce or mini-
mize Impacts to
forest species
moose (other species
will also benefit from
reduction In winter
open water barrier>
moose;brown and
black bears will also
benefit from burning
program
moose
moose
moose,caribou,
brown and balck bear
dar sheep,caribou,
wolf,fox,golden
eagle,bald eagle,
gyrfalcon,trumpeter
swan,brown and black
bear,moose
caribou
carl bou
da II sheep
Schedule
Throughout construction
After abandonment of
temporary sites,
Immediately following
road construction on
shoulder
Construction and
periodic clearing as
needed during operation
Operation
Construction and
periodic enhancement
as needed throughout
operation
Throughout construction
and operation
Prior to filing
Throughout filing and
operation
Throughout construction
Throughout Construction
As needed (see monltor-
I ng study 5>
Estimated Expenditure
Beyond Project
Capital Cost
None
None
None
None
$10,340,000 In
construction phase
and $82,000 per year
In operation phase
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
-
,-
""..
TABLE E.3.178 (page 3)
MitIgation Plans
Mitigation Plan 14
(avoid overharvest)
Target Species
all game species
Schedule
Throughout construction
and operation
Estimated Expenditure
Beyond Project
Capital Cost
None
Mitigation Plan 19
(slaugh enhancement)
""'"Mitigation Plan 20
(avoid destruction of
raptor nesting locations)
beaver.muskrat.mink Road construction None
and otter
beaver Throughout construction None
and operation
beaver,muskrat.mink Throughout operation None
and otter
raptors Construction None
'''''''
....
Mitigation Plan 15
(avoid creation of
Mitigation Plan 16
(minimize or compensate
for reduction in food
availability for bears)
Mitigation Plan 17
(mInimize habitat loss for
aquatic furbearers)
Mitigation Plan 18
(beaver mode I)
Mitigation Plan 21
(compensation for un-
avoidable loss of raptor
nesting Locations)
Mitigation Pian 22
(avoid electrocution of
raptors)
Mitigation Plan 23
(minimize loss of forest
habitat)
brown bear.black
bear.fox,wolf
brown bear and black
bear
raptors
eagles
black bear,marten,
sma II birds.sma 1/
mammals.red fox
Throughout construction
and operation
Throughout construction
and operation
During construction
and Into operation as
required for 100%
compensation
Construction
Construction
None
None
$206.700
None
None
-
",,".
:
PARTIAL AVOIDANCE .....l------IIIIIIJIII~~i1~~f:'!,:llllr------J.~.TOTAL AVOIDANCE
I
NO AVOIDANCE
•....
L..------------'lMIII!II~~~ll~!~~II"II:I-------.
I
NO MINIMIZATION
SOME MINIMIZATION
PARTIAL RECTIFICATION
TOTAL RECTIFICATION
.-
-
-
-
L..------------'l~I!I!\lll,!~I~I~il;I~~lli'lli!/---....,....----.
NO RELcTION
OPTION ANALYSIS
SOME REDUCTION
TOTAL COMPENSATION
FIGURE E.3.1
--1 --»])--1 1 j 1 )-1-1 J 1
DESIGN AND PERMIT
CONSTRUCTION APPLICATION .CONSTRUCTION
PLANNING AND REVIEW
FIELD IMPACT
STUDIES QUANTIFICATION MONITORING
MITIGATION LONG TERM
STRATEGIES MITIGATION
MITIGATION
PLANNING
RELATIONSHIP OF FIELD STUDIES AND MONITORING
TO IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION PLANNING
FIGURE E.3.2
COOK INLET
\
BASIN
->
(
....
./
/
/
/
/
/
/
J
/
/
./
./
./
./
./
SUSITNA RIVER ./
DRAINAGE BASIN~'/....
./....-
.....................-
....../
.................................-......
....-LOWER DRAINAGE....
./
./
./
./
J
/
I
I
I
I
I
/
/
/
J
/
/
I
/
/
I
/
/
/
I
I
I
\-\\LOWER DRAINAGE BASIN
\......--,
\'/""/""./-"'J./",./,,-_......,
"""\
\
\
\
SUSITNA R
l
\
\
\
\
<:::7\
\
\
\
):>\
o \
\
\
{
I
/
UPPER DRAINAGE
BASIN
o
.-----
",.,--..................
/'......._---...
/--.
/-/-.
/,
/,
\
\
I
I
I
I
I
I <:::?I
I
/
/
MIDDLE
"..-
o 10 20 MILES
SCALE ~i~~~5;;;iiiiiiiiii_iiiii
VER DRAINAGE BASIN
FIGURE E 3.3
r
"'"
.....
r
""'"i
-
o 5 10 Miles~
o 5 10 15 Kilometers
COOK INLET
,~-"ANCHORAGE
~
SUSITNA RIVER AND MAJOR TRIBUTARIES
FROM MOUTH TO LITTLE WILLOW CREEK
FIGURE E.3.4
-
-
-
.....
-
.....
o 5 10 Miles
~o 5 10 15 Kilometers
SUSITNA RIVER AND MAJOR TRIBUTARIES FROM
MONTANA CREEK TO DEVIL CANYON FIGURE E.3.5
I 1 ---1 )]J 1 1 J ]J CJ 1 )
o 5 10 Miles
~J
o 5 10 15 Kilometers
Devil Creek
Rive,..
Rive,.-
o
~
/
SUSITNA RIVER AND MAJOR TRIBUTARIES
FROM DEVIL CANYON TO DENALI HIGHWAY FIGURE E.3.6
)J 1 ]J J »1 -I 1 "J 1 -1
KENAI R.
KASILOF R.
J(
CRESCENT R ')
TUXEDNI '....J'"
BAY--'"''\J'''
-"'\..~
)
BEWGA R SUSITNA R.LITTLE FISH CREE~••,.........·MATA,..,SKA "
""
.(::/SUSITNA R.~'KNIK ••'-....:..'ARM ~.--.y'.,......;.;-..'J .'.'
CH"TNA R.;.•••-:>-..../\....J'..._//.-.
CHAKACHATNA 'y'r?r:;,'R..NORTHERN V '.ANCHORAGE
llcARTHUR R :.,......'~~""V"'-"DISTRICT .........'\TU_,N "',
KUSTATAN R./"'-ARM "'-.\:./'"'.
818 R.\\/..........\...•••"I\".•"
DRIFT R.'.A \~.._.i ............\
\c ...~••,'.,.-J \
'.r ,"EAST ....
•)/CENTRAL •FORELAND
DISTRICT ~.
('!
:f-.....,<'.
j \.
.:\~.
./
./I CENTRAL DISTRICT .:
CHINITNA ...-'"_/....J
lAy,....I~)!
:(ANCHOR PT.
UPPER COOK INLET COMMERCIAL SALMON MANAGEMENT AREA
FIGURE E.3.7
--1 »~.~.'J 1 ]--1 cl 1 1 1 1 ]
e::t 0 •••
1981 1982 ~1981 1982
CHINOOK ---10,900 DEVIL CANYON CHINOOK ---11,300
SOCKEYE 4,800 3 100 e,'..SOCKEYE 2,800 ',300
COHO 3,300 5;I 00 ~,'0 c'COHO 1,100 2,400
CHUM 20,800 49,100 0 0 "1.1,>,<CHUM 13,100 29,400
PINK 2,300 73,000 "n~~""PINK 1,000 59,000
1981 1982
1981 1982 r~(r ~a,nWitnQ~lCHINOOK ---49,600
SOCKEYE 133,000 151,000
CHINOOK ------COHO 19,800 45,700
SOCKEYE 139,000 114,000 CHUM 263,000 430,000
COHO 17,000 34,100 PINK 49,500 443,000
CHUM 19,800 27,800
PINK 36,100 447,000 ,
YENTNA
SOURCE:ADF 8 G 19810.j98h
POPULATION ESTIMATES OF ADULT SALMON IN SUSITNA RIVER FIGURE E.3.8
I -1 1 J )J J }~l 1 J 1 1 1 J
1981 1982
(%PAST SUNSHINE)
1981 1982
(%PAST SUNSHINE)
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
22.8
2.1 0.9
5.6 5.3
5.0 6.8
2.0 13.3
CHINOOK
SOCKEYE
'COHO
CHUM
PINK
CHINOOK
SOCKEYE
COHO
CHUM
PINK
'V
DEVil CANYON
oQoo··-
CREEK
~
CURRY STATION
22.0
3.6 2.0
16.7 II.I
7.9 11.4
4.6 16.5
1981 1982
(%PAST SUNSHINE)
CHINOOK
SOCKEYE
COHO
CHUM
PINK
PERCENTAGE OF SALMON MIGRATING PAST SUNSHINE FIGURE E.3.9
-1 )I J J )J 1 )1 ---1 i -1 1
ACTIVITY MONTH
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JUl AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
CHINOOK
ADULT PASSAGE ........
SPAWNING
INCUBATION/EMERGENCE ............~....
REARING
SMOlTING 1111 ...
PINK
ADULT PASSAGE ...._..
SPAWNING .........
INCUBATION /EMERGENCE ...............
OUTMIGRATION ..~.....
CHUM
ADULT PASSAGE .......
SPAWNING ....
INCUBATION /EMERGENCE ...............
REARING ...........
OUTMIGRATION ........
lEGEND:
INTENSE ACTIVITY
.........MODERATE ACTIVITY
TI MING OF LIFE STAGES OF SALMON IN THE SUSITNA RIVER
FROM TALKEETNA TO DEVIL CANYON
SHEET I OF 2
(SOURCE'ADF a G 1981a,1981 b,1981e ,1981 d,1981',1981 f,1982 a I
1982',19821;AND MORROW 1980_)FIGURE E .3.10
Cl 1 CI I I I .J ]1 -1 I 1 ·1
ACTIVITY MONTH
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
i
COHO
ADULT PASSAGE .......
SPAWNING ....
INCUBATION/EMERGENCE .......................
REAI:tING
SMOLTING ..........
SOCKEYE
ADULT PASSAGE .......
SPAWNING .........
INCUBATION/EMERGENCE ...........11 ......
REARING ............
OUTMIGRATION it ...........
*JUVENILE SOCKEYE APPEAR TO BE ABSENT FROM THIS REACH
LEGEND:
INTENSE ACTIVITY
.........MODERATE ACTIVITY
TIMING OF LIFE STAGES OF SALMON IN THE SUSITNA RIVER
FROM TALKEETNA TO DEVIL CANYON
SHEET 20F 2
FIGURE E.3.IO
11)-]]I 1 J 1 )J 1 )1
15,000 I-
12,000 I-
~z
5 9000 I-(,)
~
~6000 I-
3000 I-
SUSITNA STATION
)
~
,-'"J I ~I~I I
YENTNA STATION
22,500 I-
18,000 I-
(/)
I-
Z
5(,)13,500 I-
a:octz
g 9000 I-
'!IOO I-r ~
I I~I I+-',",ol-~I
6/20 6130 7/10 7/20 7/30 8/10 8/20 8/30 9/10
DATE
6/20 6/30 7/10 7/00 7/30 8/10 &'20 8/30 9/10
DATE
6/20 6/30 7/10 7/20 7/30 8/10 8/20 8/30 9/10
DATE
4500 I-
7500 I-
~6000 I-
Z
8
!
3000 I-
1500 I-
SUNSHINE STATION
"
".J
I ,~I 1;..I I I
TALKEETNA STATION
300
(/)240I-z
~
0
(,)
a::180
~
(/)
120
60
6/20 6/30 7/10 7/20 7/30 8/10 8/20 8/30 9/10
DATE
DAILY SONAR COUNTS OF SOCKEYE SALMON AT SUSITNA,YENTNA,SUNSHINE AND TALKEETNA STATIONS,
ADULT ANADROMOUS INVESTIGATIONS,SU HYDRO STUDIES,1982.
FIGURE E.3.11
Whiskers Creek
Sockeye 1 0
81 82
Slough 1
Chum 6 0
81 82
27 0
81 82
Slough 3A
Slough 2
Sockeye 7 0
Pink 1 0
TALKEETNA STATION
A MATCHLINE
~o
81 82
81 82
1 0
1 138
70 176
Slough 38
o River Mile
Whiskers Creek
Chum
Pink
Coho
~!
~,
'-'
SLOUGH AND TRI BUTARY INDEX AREA
PEAK SPAWNING COUNTS
SOURCE:AOF a G 1981 a,1982.
FIGURE E.3.12
-
Chum 0 2
81 82
15
o
108
36
81 82
81 82
79
38
80
Gash Creek
Chase Creek
Chinook
Chum
Pink
Coho
-----Chase Creek
Chinook 40 47
____--'Chum 76 11
Pink 291 640
Coho 3 5
Lane Creek
81 82
Slough 8
81 82
"""'-------I Coho 141 74
Chum 302 0
Pink 25 0
Gash Creek
A MATCHLINE_--L--'-_
Oxbow 1
Slough 5
82
2
o
35
35
Slough 6A ---
81
11
1
o
o
Slough 5
Slough 6A
Chum
Sockeye
Pink
Coho
o River MOe
o
_.
i"""!
i""'"
l
SOURCE:ADF&G 1981a ,1982.
SLOUGH AND TRIBUTARY INDEX AREA
PEAK SPAWNING COUNTS FIGURE E.3.13
Lower McKenzie Creek
81 82
o 31
o 140o8
81 82
McKenzie Creek
81 82
Little Portage Creek
Chum
Pink
Coho
Pink 0 17
Slough 8B
81 82
Chum 1 80
Sockeye 0 5
Slough 88
Slough 8C
Slough 80 Slough 8C
81 82
Chum 0 48
Sockeye 0 2
-Little Portage Creek
--Me Kenzie Creek
~~-Lower Me Kenzie Creek
Oxbow2~~
81 82
RM 115 (RKm 1_85"';')-=-0->-"--_
Slough 80
Chum 0 23
o River Mile
o
SLOUGH AND TRIBUTARY INDEX AREA
PEAK SPAWNING COUNTS
SOURCE:ADF 8 G 19810.1982.
Chum
Pink
Coho
14 0
1 23
56 133
FIGURE E.3.1~
5th of July Creek
4th of July Creek
81 82
82
82
336
68
28
4
300
5
12
o 3
9 0
6 24
81 82
81 82
81 82
81 82
o 1
167 23
o 8
o 8
81
81
140 0
260
10
o
620
177o
o
Slough 8A
Slough 98
Moose Slough
Slough A'
Slough 9
81 82
34 0
2 0
Siollgh A
Chinook
Chum
Sockeye
Pink
Sherman Creek
Chum
Sockeye
Pink
Coho
Chum
Sockeye
Pink
Chinook
Chum
Pink
Chum 90 5
Sockeye 81 1
I Chum
o MATCHLINE
--Sherman Creek
~--Slough A
-Skull Creek
::-.--~Slough A'
1
12
8281
10
8
Fourth of July Creek ~-,
Fifth of July Creek /
56
191
702
4
o 3o1
2 113
81 82
Skull Creek
90
29
1
o RiuerMile
o
Chum
Pink
Chinook
Chum
Pink
Chinook
Chum
Pink
Coho
r-
1
"""I
1"""
"""I1
SOURCE:ADF a G /9111 a,1982.
SLOUGH AND TRIBUTARY INDEX AREA
PEAK SPAWNING COUNTS fiGURE E.3.15
Slough 20
81 82
Slough 19Chum
Sockeye
Pink
14
2
o
30
o
64
E MATCHLINE
Chum
Sockeye
Pink
81
3
23
o
82
o
o
1
81 82
Slough 9A
Chum 182 118
Sockeye 2 1
81 82
Slough 10
Chum 0 2
SOURCE:ADF 8 G 19810,1982.
Indian River Slough 17
81 82 81 82
Chinook 422 1053 Chum 38 21
Chum 40 1346 Sockeye 6 0
Pink 2 738
Coho 85 101
r-
I
i Slough 16
Q 81 82
3 0
Gold Creek
l"""o River Mile 81 82
Chinook 142
Pink 0 11
Slough 15 Coho 0 1
81 82 -Gold Creek
Chum 1 1
Pink 1 132
Coho 0 14 GOLD CREEK STATION
-Slough 11 Slough 11
F'81 82I
12
Slough 13 Chum 411 459
81 82 Sockeye 893 456
r Chum 4 0 Pink 0 131
1"""
I
-I
!
SLOUGH AN 0 TRI BUTARY INDEX AREA
PEAK SPAWNING COUNTS FIGURE E.3.16
Portage Creek
81 82
2
3
21
1
o
1
o
659 1253
o 153
o 4
o 169
22 88
81 82
Jack Long Creek
Chinook
Chum
Sockeye
Pink
Coho
Chinook
Chum
Pink
Coho
Portage Creek-
......,...-Slough 21A
--Jack long Creek
81 82
Slough 21A
E MATCHLINE
Chum 8 0
o River Mile
o
-,
i
Slough 21
81 82
Chum 274 736
)PIlI .Sockeye 38 53
Pink 0 64
-
.....
-
!"""
I
SLOUGH AND TRIBUTARY INDEX AREA
PEAK SPAWNING COUNTS
FIGURE E.3./7.
SOURCE:ADF a G 1981a.1982.
]1 ]J ]1 J-~-l ~1 J )J
SUSITNA STATION YENTNA STATION
37ro 4000 I-
6/20 6/30 7/10 7/20 7/30 8/10 8/20 8/30 9/10
DATE
2400 I-
~~lJ ~,I I J I I
CI)3200 ~
~
800 I-
a::
<C
g /600 I-
3000
~~6/20 6/30 7/10 7/20 7/30 8/10 8/20 8/30 9/10
DATE
7!K)
...z
§22~0
a::
<Cz
~I~OO
12~0
CI)
~10000
§
~7~OOzo
CI)
SUNSHINE STAT10N TALKEETNA STATION
2500
CI)...~2000
(,J
~1!i00zo
CI)
~OOO 1000
2~OO
6/20 6/30 7/10 7/20 7/30 8/10 8/20 8/:50 9/10
DATE
!i00
6/20 EV30 7/10 7/20 7/30 8/10 8/20 8/30 9/10
DATE
DAI LY SONAR COUNTS OF CHUM SALMON AT SUSITNA,YENTNA,SUNSHINE AND TALKEETNA STATIONS,
ADULT ANADROMOUS INVESTIGATIONS,SU HYDRO STUDIES,1982.
FIGURE E.3.18
1 ]·----1 J -1 ---1 1 )----l 1 ---1 --1
SUSITNA STATION YENTNA STATION
rooo r-6250
4000 r-
U)
~z
§3000 I-
~g 2000 I-
5000
~
:::l8 3750
~z~2500
1000 I-
I
6/206/30
V
I /1 1~_1
7/10 7/20 7/30 8/10 8/20
DATE
I I
a/3O 9/10
1250
6/20 6/30 7/10 7/20 7/30 a/lo 8/20 8/30 8/10
DATE
1300 150
375
300
75
~
§225
a::«
§
SUNSHINE STATION
2600
650
32~0
~z
§19~0
I
6/20 6/30 7/10 7/20 7/30 8/10 8/20 8/30 9/10
DATE
6/20 6/30 7/10 7/20 7/30 a/lo 8/20 8/30 9/10
DATE
DAILY SONAR COUNTS OF COHO SALMON AT SUSITNA,YENTNA,SUNSHINE AND TALKEETNA STATIONS.,
ADULT ANADROMOUS INVESTIGATIONS,SU HYDRO STUDIES,1982.
FIGURE E.3.19
]1 1 1 ~~-I )I --]r·--I '---1 1 J .J
SUSITNA STATION
6~,Ooo I-
eI)~2,OOO I--
i
§
39,000 I-
~
~26,000 I-
13,000 I--
I I ~I~I I I
6/20 6/30 7/10 7/20 7/30 8/10 8/20 8/30 9/10
DATE
SUNSHINE STATION
50,000
eI)t-40,000
z
::;)
8
a:::30,000
C(
~
eI)
20,000
10,000
6/20 6/30 7/10 7/20 7/30 8/10 8/20 8/30 9/10
DATE
YENTNA STATION
~o,ooo
~40,000
z
§
a:::30,000
C(
~20,000
10,000
6/20 6/30 7/10 7/20 7/30 a/lo 8/20 8/30 9/10
DATE
TALKEETNA STATION
12,000 r V
~10,000z~
(.)
a:::7500 I--
~
5000 r
2500 I-
6/20 6/30 7/10 7/20 7/30 8/10 8/20 8/30 9/10
DATE
DAILY SONAR COUNTS OF PINK SALMON AT SUSITNA,YENTNA.SUNSHINE AND TALKEETNA STATIONS.
ADULT ANADROMOUS INVESTIGATIONS,SU HYDRO STUDIES.1982.
FIGURE E.3.20
LEGEND--.--,..••_---__.MAXIMUM
OPER.\TINGLEVEL
EL.2111S ,
~2300-~~O':~:~~~
WATE R BODIES TO BE I NUr
NA RESERVOIRNDATEDBYWATA
..f
2 MILESOJ"'~iiiiiiiiiii""!SCALE ,-
FIGURE E.3.21
....,
!"'"2190
2180
2170
2160
"""I
2150
r
I-2140IJJ
IJJ
~.I.L
Z
0 2130!i
""">
IJJI...J
I IJJ 2120
2110
r
2100
r"'''2090
2080
WATER SURFACE ELEVATION LEVEL
-------------------------
111111:121_;_=_;_;_;_;=~_;_=~~~;I==~~:E~~l~~I~
---::-::-::-::-=-::-::-::--:WHITEFISH ::::-=-::-::-::-=-::---------------------------------------------------
::-=BURBOT::-::-::-
-
MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR
"'"'
I I SPAWNING
r::==E::=::=::=::~INCUBATION
FISH SPAWNING TIMES VS.WATANA
WATER SURFACE ELEVATION LEVEL
FIGURE E.3.22.
Portage Creek)
7
j
,---:------NORMAL MAX_
0PE1IlmNG LEVEL
EL I4!ill
-2000~CONT~IN FEET
A8O¥E IISL
-
WATER BODIES TO BE I NUNDA,
reek
o~
WatanaDam
o 2 MILES
~A~i I
,~
.TED BY DEVIL CANYON RESERVOIR
FIGURE E,3,23
PERPENDICULAR
TO STREAM _______
~~
I
~_._-
./~
NATURAL
STREAM I <:::~..........BOTTOMLESS ARCH
BED ~--~TYPE CULVERT
//-:.~------------~~~-------~---
------------------~~----:::::::------.--====--
""'"'r
-
,...
"""r
DIAGRAM OF FISH STREAM CROSSING
-,
FIGURE E.3.24
..,..
REHABILITATED TSUSENA CREEK
BORROW SITE
-
......
)
-~~
~
~",,~
c;-
~
-/
-
-
"'"",
FIGURE E.3 .25
-
-
-
------~---------
..--SUS/TNA RIVER MA/NSTEM ~L ----+l
PLAN VIEW
L=LENGTH OF BERM
IMPERMEABLE CORE
y
D
ORIGINAL BERM ____
GRAVEL FILL
ROCK
r
CROSS-SECTIONAL VIEW
D =DEPTH OF EXCAVATION FOR IMPERMEABLE CORE
y=INCREASED HEIGHT ABOVE ORIGINAL BERM
BERM DESIGN TO PREVENT
OVERTOPPING OF SLOUGHS
FIGURE E .3.26
r-
I
r
-
MAXIMUM DEPTH
EXCAVATION ~I FT.--J
SECTION A-A
LEGEND
---BANK LINE
..-....-...-SUSITNA MAINSTEM WATER LINE
AT MINIMUM STAGE
__NATURAL SLOUGH WATER LINE
-----RESTRUCTURED SLOUGH MOUTH
WATER LINE
MAXIMUM DEPTH PRIOR
TO EXCAVATION
SLOUGH MOUTH RESTRUCTURED PLAN
FIGURE E .3.27
9+8+002+00r+oo0+00
---WATER LEVEL BEFORE EXCAVATION
------WA"rER LEVEL AFTER EXCAVATION
SAND
GRAVEL a COBBLE
BOULDER a COBBLE
EXCAVATED MATERIAL
o
-2+00 -1+00
~
LLI
LLI
IL.
LLlZ>-
!:iZ 20
-10
LLI~a::~
LLI 10-I
LLI
THALWEG STATION IN FEET
PROFILE
BANK
EDGE OF W~
REGULATED
EDGE OF W.
EXCAVATrON
EDGE OF wt
EXCAVATION
THALWEG L
".----......
PLAN VIEW
.--
/-
/~---
.-.
-2+00/:-=----_-"p+OO
:-_------------
DESIGN DRAWING OF LOWERED J
~oo IOtOO·11+00 12+00
...JI'H'......ta.••••A A ..._...,·""""'.....,~..v 41
.....;;,...
rATER -SUSITNA RIVER
)FLOW
~TER-SLOUGH BEFORE
I
~TER-SLOUGH AFTER
I
.INE AND STATIONING
AND RESTRUCTURED SLOUGH
r SLOUGH WATER LEVEL
BEFORE EXCAVATION
~------~
.......-",............../...../------------------y...........,-./t 1.5 ft.",'"
L~~;_;~E_;~~L
AFTER EXCAVATION
SECTION A-A
\
SLOUGH WATER LEVEL
BEFORE EXCAVATION
~-------~~:.::::.::=:::::.:===-"---:;",,,-...,.,,~,~...
\...
\------"-----{
\.;IfY-SLOUGH WATER LEVEL
--AFTER EXCAVATION
SECTION B-B
----SLOUGH CROSS SECTION
BEFORE EXCAVATION
-----SLOUGH CROSS SECTION.
AFTER EXCAVATION
TYPICAL CROSS SECTIONS
FIGURE E.3.28
..]J J 1 ]1 --~·'--1 '-·'·1 -·'1 )--]I J .J
SIDE SLOPE
STABILIZATION •
WATER
SUPPLY
LINE
CLEAN OUT
\oc ,.-,-..__f .'_,.~.4""PERF PI PE
~4'O.C.
UNPER BED J COARSE
(3 PLUS)GRAVEL
SECTION A-A
RIVER
Ai
I/fOIlI "'/UIt,l\'I
A.J
SUSITNA RIVER FISHERY MITIGATION
INDUCED UPWELLING USING
TRIBUTARY WATER SUPPLY
WATER
SUPPLY
LINE
o 0 0
o 0 0
4'O.C.
o 0 0 0
o 0 0
PERF.PIPE
FLOW CONTROL
WATER SUPPLY
LINE
FIGURE E.3.29
1 1-,)]"'1 J -l--~J --~-1 I -~-]J
BARRIER
RIP RAP
60'
BARRIER ROCK
I'6"WATER DEPTH
l'OF5"GRAVEL.
~~I
/~.I\-e:~\1l:::::"11'E\";:;1I1 ~III -::::,"~lfI:::--
SECTION A-A
NO SCALE
oco
A
SLOUGH~~
4lIII RIVER
SUSITNA RIVER FISHERY MITIGATION
MAIN STREAM SPAWNING BED
FIGURE·E.3.30
I""'"
I
r
j
f"""
-
-
....
1-011...1----------52'-----------.,-.-..11
INCUBATION TROUGHS
0 I I
DLABORATORYIIaFEEDINGHATCHING
FOOD PROCESSING TANKS I I BASKETS
0 DII
INCOOATION ROOM
WATER SUPPLY ~
80'
A REARING PONDS A10'x 50'x 2'
.4 ~.4 ~
-L--
¢::YATER DRAIN
-L..--
PLAN
REARING/ADULT
SECTION A-A
SCHEMATIC GRAYLING HATCHERY
FIGURE E.3.31
FROM McKENDRICK at 01.19B2
TRANSMISSION
CORRIDORS
FAIRBANKS
o 15 30 MILES
SCALE~
A L A ~
STUDY AREA
RESOURCE~
SKA
\FOR BOTANICAL
S AND WILDLIFE
FIGURE E.3.32
-
LEGEND:
MAPPED
AT
SCALE
1:24,000
/:63,360
1:250,000
--
KEY FIGURES
k:::::::I?Jt4 E.353 -E373
1111111111 E.3.39-E.3.41
I--d E.3.38
I
TALKEETNA
DEVIL CANYON
DAMSITE
WATANA-
DAM SITE ,
FROM McKENDRICK st 01.1982
VEGETATION
THE SUSITI
TO CANTWE
MAPPING AREAS OF
~A RIVER BASIN
o 16 32 MILES
SCALE ~i~~~~iiiiilliliiiiiiilliliiiiiiillilii~!
FIGURE E.3 33
FROM McKENDRICK sl 01.1982
DIRECTION OF
FLOW
LOCATIONS OF
DOWNSTREAM
SUSITN
rNA
(
LASKA RAILROAD
*STANDS SAMPLED ON
FLOODPLAIN OF THE
A RIVER t 1981
o 6 12 MILESSCALE~i~~~~~~~!
*STANDS ARE DESCRIBED IN TABLES
E 3.73 THROUGH E 3.76
FIGURE E 3.34
r
-.
TRANSMISSION LIN,
CORRIDORS
FROM McKENDRICK st al./982
VEGETATION MAPPING AREj
'ILLOW
~PALMER
VALDEZ
NCHORAGE
o 62 124 MILES
SCALE ~i~~~~~~IIiiiiiiii 1Iiiil
~S FOR TRANSMISSION CORRIDORS
*I NTERTIE CORRIDOR CONNECTS WILLOW AND
HEALY THROUGH GOLD CREEK SWITCHING
STATION (SEE FIGURE E.3.37 AND COMMON-
WEALTH AS'SOCIATES 1982)
FIGURE E.3.35
I J 1 ....,J -1•1 -'~'~"~
D
-~-J C--]J 1 J 1 -I
®
"-''\.--,.
/"'--.J'-""\...t-'\('i
('..
.\~--~~?l
~)."'..
,~.\~""~r I WEST ~
"'"o~•'--..............;...\\..
......~I
f\......--.V'"\
(\-1..........·\....../'\../""\~
...--.V·...\\-'--WATANA (W!~WATERSHED (v'
.r I \--_..~e~,/'"-=-.....
...-'G~"8Uff ".'-/.--_-.~F"'po~f~G~~.!)c;Jf5,~'l"AN l.~0 ....."........_----.....\.
Jf'GOLD ..----------...e-REEK~/I G~."fJ81G \
Q'f •G~/~f~.'LAKE
/'~/..,IV ~.Q~
j'..,.'WA'tRSHED ..~~~~~../.~~)
C·RiVE~DEVIL ..~~~..--.......co~:""'·,~CANYON ~.~/J ,--•~~LLY
.'>t'F()GL~..-..;CJLAKE .r--..)--...r·...,.,
GOLD ~\~~~fJ~"..."..."V......,J
,CREEK ~.q,F01f eli.'\'\.co....J
.~./'l .'.-----..---."ArANA ~•.-/
\...-.-""/".• J .~}LA..-"...~._.......l-,./......,~.\)..,
.S~N/~~'~.\
LAKE Y . /~....----...~~.\.~..c;J /.)~W l./~···~o~{q,I;;;~'.."'",.~~..Y.i C\..(fN~...".....",..f~~""'........~.:/,;.~.~L
\.l.\~"o~:~~~'''1
,,,.,••',m"\\//1 /\~~~~_~_)~\.Iv1R I ",.?LAKE(~.........~R '-.....\~"'ISE.~~I or I 't'V~'\\.~.)~~~\(~_._._._._.
.~'1 (/7./*SEE SECTION 3.1\.L,.-"--'--'...---./FOR DEFINITION\....--'.--'.....
*THE WATANA AND GOLD CREEK WATERSHEDS WITH MAJOR WATER BODIES
G~///
FIGURE E.3.36
III
T:?
t
IN
r 211
""
T 1
~\.
\~~
I
//:'
J
I
1r
l
i "l L
I
r
I r ~
).1J)I
.J
JJ
4\11
.,)
,nil<
'',-
.2W
\
iii Ret
LOCATION OF
i
£
T 5
T IIi
llJIII
11,(
r I N
T.T!I
-I
LEGEND:
___+t+t+t-RAILROAD EXTENSION
____PROPOSED ACCESS
TltI~ROAD
---PROPOSED TRANSMISSIOO
LINE
---INTERTIE
I:::::=:':!IMPOUNDMENT AREA
QUARRY SITE:K,L
BORROW SITE:D,E,G,I
&.DAMSITE
•ACCESS ROAD
BORROW SITES
.~
r..
o
....'
....
r"""
FIGURE E,3.38
Inserted in pocket inside back cover
..,
..
".
..,.
i ~~
-~.-....,......_~_.......c.-/_"___
.'.-
.":_ I ••'....~~......:I ~'.
....f -([~l·l ..~\.
1-""\"
.,"
,/
. I "....,
·tt..-.-
'.-
;~./
17
.p-/..?~~~~~¥'~.~!
~;":
:,.11 '_~.\.»:/-
.~_I -,0 r "
.'.'/.,I.,.<:;
...~/..-~.,r-.-",
MAPPED AT SCALE:I:63,360
-
ROCK
SNOW AND ICE
WILLOW SHRUB
MAT AND CUSHION
TUNDRA
SEDGE GRASS
TUNDRA
SEDGE SHRUB
TUNDRA
WET SEDGE
GRASS
OPEN BLACK
SPRUCE
WOODLAND
BLACK SPRUCE
OPEN WHITE
SPRUCE
WOODLAND
WHITE SPRUCE
CLOSED BIRCH
FOREST
OPEN BIRCH
FOREST
CLOSED BALSAM
POPLAR
OPEN BALSAM
POPLAR
CLOSED MIXED
FOREST
OPEN MIXED
FOREST
CLOSED TALL
SHRUB
OPEN TALL
SHRUB
GRASSLAND
LOW SHRUB
BIRCH SHRUB
DISTURBED
LAKES
~
~
~
~
~
I WSW I
L~
LEGEND:
o
~
G
B
I CTS I
o
[~
G
~
GJ
1 D I
PROPOSED---TRANSMISSION LINE
PROPOSED ACCESS
R·OAD
VEGETATION MAP OF Sl
FROM McKENDRICK 0101.1982
o 2 4 MILES
SC A LE i~~~~iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii.
JSITNA PROJECT IMPACT AREAS
FIGURE E.3.39
VEGETATION MAP OF SU:
MAPPED AT SCALE:I:63,360
I '.."
...:\."
\\.
"...
,J ,"I ".\,to
"'!
LEGEND:
I
R
I
ROCK
~SNOW AND ICE
I MCT I
MAT AND CUSHION
TUNDRA
I SGT I SEDGE GRASS
TUNDRA
~SEDGE SHRUB
TUNDRA
I WSG I
WET SEDGE
GRASS
~OPEN BLACK
SPRUCE
I WSB I
WOODLAND
BLACK SPRUCE
I OSW,I
OPEN WHITE
SPRUCE
I WSW I WOODLAND
WHITE SPRUCE
~CLOSED BIRCH r-w
FOREST w
I
(f)
~OPEN BIRCH w
FOREST z
-.J
~CLOSED BALSAM
I
POPLAR ur-
[~OPEN BALSAM «
~
POPLAR
~CLOSED MIXED
FOREST
B OPEN MIXED
FOREST
I CTS I
CLOSED TALL
SHRUB
EJ OPEN TALL
SHRUB-
B I BIRCH SHRUB
W I WI LLOW SHRUB
r0-E LOW SHRUB
~GRASSLAND
I L I LAKES
-I D I DISTURBED
0 HERBACEOUS
---PROPOSED
TRANSMISSION LINE
PROPOSED ACCESS
FROM McKENDRICK at al.1982 ROAD
/'oJ
~.{
,/,//-,~
f .;/'
.)(
),
J,
//
·/
....:'
.j
".....
I"J''-'
(\..•j :...
.::iiI
I-w
W
Ien
"wZ
-.J
I
U
l-
e::[
~
SITNA PROJECT IMPACT AREAS
o 2 4 MILES
SC ALE ~i~~~~~•
FIGURE E.3 AO
....
".--.-"..
C\J
f-
~l:J:
(J)
Wz
::J
GRASSLAND
WILLOW SHRUB
Law SHRUB
LAKES
BIRCH SHRUB
DISTURBED
MAT AND CUSHION
TUNDRA
SEDGE GRASS
TUNDRA
SEDGE SHRUB
TUNDRA
WET SEDGE
GRASS
OPEN BLACK
SPRUCE
WOODLAND
BLACK SPRUCE
OPEN WHITE
SPRUCE
WOODLAND
WHITE SPRUCE
CLOSED BIRCH
FOREST
OPEN BIRCH
FOREST
CLOSED BALSAM
POPLAR
OPEN BALSAM
POPLAR
CLOSED MIXED
FOREST
OPEN MIXED
FOREST
CLOSED TALL
SHRUB
OPEN TALL
SHRUB
LEGEND:~
~ROCK
o SNOW AND ICE
I SGT I
~
~
~
~
~
I WSW I
~
G
~
~
I CTS I
I B
I W I
G
~
Q
o
-
MAPPED AT SCALE:I:63,360
VEGETATION MAP OF SU
FROM McKENDRICK 81 QI.1982
~\,-
'!'
f'
i
\
,,
\(
,"
..""l.....
"'"I.'-
.,~
',C
FIGURE
_._'.
\
I-~I',
"'<4•
,.....v
"
o
SCALE ~i~~~~2~iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiliiiii~4 MILES
i-.....
&-~IiI
.).;,
i
\
I'
\"
"
'",..
"
"J "
;:':.
..\
.....
PROJECT
\~I:·
IMPACT AREAS
1---
FIGURES E.3.42 THROUGH E.3.47
Inserted in pocket inside back cover
LEGEND:
~CLOSED SPRUCE
0 OPEN SPRUCE
0 WOODLAND
SPRUCE
1 CD I
CLOSED
DECIDUOUS
I I
OPEN
00 DECIDUOUS
I CM I
CLOSED
MIXED
~OPEN
MIXED
~WOODLAND
MIXED
I LS I LOW SHRUB
I WSG I
WET SEDGE
GRASS
~SEDGE GRASS
TUNDRA
MCT I
MAT AN 0 CUSHION
TUNDRA
I C I CROP
0 LAKE
0 I-w
ROCK w
:I:
(/)
~DEVELOPED wz
:i
---PROPOSED :I:TRANSMISSION LINE u
I-
et
~-
FROM McKENDRICK ot 01.1982
MAPPED AT SCALE:I:63,360
VEGETATION MAP OF F
TRANSMI~
°ROPOSED HEALY-FAIRBANKS
SSION CORRIDOR
o 2 4 MI LES
SCALE i~~~~~iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiil
FIGURE E.3.48
...
j
~2".
• :··-1
",
,
1'",./
\I
'--;ll
../
/
"'
r.
,
".,·1
"·1
~I
I
"I
c l
~~~~:;;r-~:.-L.----.--.----:r-,-,-,----:-::--::-(----'-r~I-_'t__:,.T
r
/
LOW SHRUB
CLOSED SPRUCE
OPEN SPRUCE
WOODLAND
SPRUCE
CLOSED
DECIDUOUS
OPEN
DECIDUOUS
CLOSED
MIXED
OPEN
MIXED
WOODLAND
MIXED
WET SEDGE
GRASS
SEDGE GRASS
TUNDRA
MAT AN D CUSHION
TUNDRA
CROP
LAKE
PROPOSED
TRANSMISSION LINE
ROCK
DEVELOPED
LEGEND:
o
~
~
I CD I
I OD I
I CM I
I OM I
~
I LS I
I WSG I
MCT I
I C I
Q
2
~
-
MAPPED AT SCALE:I:63.360
VEGETATION MAP OF PI
TRANSMIS
FROM McKENORICK .,01.1982
'"
OPOSED HEALY-FAIRBANKS
SION CORRIDOR
o 2 4 MILES
SCALE ~i~~~~~~!
"{
I ••.•
.!
r'.•"2-.".''"'1
1'",,"
,)
FIGURE E .3.49
LEGEND:
o
G
I ws I
1 CD I
I 00 I
I CM I
~
~
I LS I
I WSG I
MCT I
I C I
GJ
~
~
-
CLOSED SPRUCE
OPEN SPRUCE
WOODLAND
SPRUCE
CLOSED
DECIDUOUS
OPEN
DECIDUOUS
CLOSED
MIXED
OPEN
MIXED
WOODLAND
MIXED
LOW SHRUB
WET SEDGE
GRASS
SEDGE GRASS
TUNDRA
MAT AND CUSHION
TUNDRA
CROP
LAKE
ROCK
DEVELOPED
PROPOSED
TRANSMISSION LINE
-::'.-,•-'---r-'::~r--....-_.._
'.
MAPPED AT SCALE:1:63,360
VEGETATION MAP 0 F P
TRANSMI~
FROM McKENDRICK .t 01.1962
MATCH LINE SHEET 2
ROPOSED HEALY-FAIRBANKS
~SION CORRIDOR
o 2 4 MILES
SC ALE ~i~~~~~~~
FIGURE E.3.50
LEGEND:
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
I L I
CLOSED SPRUCE
WET SEDGE
GRASS
OPEN SPRUCE
WOODLAND
SPRUCE
CLOSED BIRCH
FOREST
OPEN BIRCH
FOREST
CLOSED BALSAM
POPLAR
OPEN BALSAM
POPLAR
CLOSED MIXED
FOREST
OPEN MIXED
FOREST
CLOSED TALL
SHRUB
LOW SHRUB
DISTURBED
LAKES
PROPOSED
TRANSMISSION LINE
.'r I,..,.
I,
~~
'.
\Ii
FROM McKENDRICK .,01.1982
MAPPED AT SCALE:I:63,360
VEGETATION MAP OF PROF
TRANSMISSI
,
~:\',-
\",,'(~),I,
t)",',
f",~I ."I 'I
I',-;t'i
,~."I '
,~.k,",
I'\\.,
~~.
/"
:1 h -:'1 "."
I , (~"
,'.'~'
~,
.','I
.','I I'
':'~II ,,'"
'I •4 I '1":'!."I,I I::
~,•l'I
"\-1;,,1)
~.
I
'>..-
I'.I
!
,.
.,
I '
,'~
I'-,-
(\J
i \I-
W
W
I
(j)
Wz
:J
I
UI-
<!
::E
'j
OSED WILLOW -COOK
ON CORRIDOR
INLET
O~IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII~2 iili MILES
SCALE ,=I
FIGURE E,3.51
LEGEND:
"
--.'~
.,
"-,\
.r.~
..,
'>-".Ii..
t 'k._,.~.';.....
~~f ~'"ff')l,:t'
.i
,,.
I.j
n'
....··i
". ,t,'
,
.)
"
,,",
.~.,
•~,I.
"..,/~
'..---.~.-_..~~.._..','f
®z~~
~l
.'..,)'.:(...
\.
"
......
.)•'r
,,
I,
"£"'-.,
.,
.'".
f
"4"
I ..
...
LAKES
PROPOSED
TRANSMISSION LINE
OPEN SPRUCE
DISTURBED
WET SEDGE
GRASS
CLOSED SPRUCE
LOW SHRUB
WOODLAND
SPRUCE
CLOSED BIRCH
FOREST
OPEN BIRCH
FOREST
CLOSED BALSAM
POPLAR
OPEN BALSAM
POPLAR
CLOSED MIXED
FOREST
OPEN MIXED
FOREST
CLOSED TALL
SHRUB
~
~
~
EJ
o
E
~
~
@]
~
I L I
MAPPED AT SCALE:I:63,360
VEGETATION MAP OF p~
TRANSMI~
FROM McKENDRICK of 01.1982
;.....·f
.~......
...a';"'·.
o 2 4 MILES
SCALE ~i~~~~~~~!
INLET
\.r
'.1";~..r:.
~..~<~_.:-l·'..~
·3.i J
'j3"__".J-,','
.,l.Ji.:,....
,"
..'
..~
., .
.....,'•.1 1 1.:.••'
",.
OPOSED WILLOW -COOK
SION CORRIDOR
FIGURE E.3.52
-
FROM Me KENDRICK at a I.1982
•u.
"
,j
_'L~.:"·'::·~1 _
_.~1 !'
':.L_-,--~~:::"""",:::!",
VEGETATION MAP OF SLJ
o 12 24 MILES
SCALE i~~~~~~~~~;;;;;;;;;;;;~!
JSITNA PROJECT IMPACT AREAS
FIGURE E.353
LEGEND:
R
~
~
~
I OBF I
~
~
~
I OM I
~
~
~
~
~
Q
2
ROCK
MAT AND CUSHION
TUNDRA
SEDGE GRASS
TUNDRA
WET SEDGE
GRASS
OPEN BLACK
SPRUCE
WOODLAND
BLACK SPRUCE
OPEN WHITE
SPRUCE
WOODLAND
WHITE SPRUCE
CLOSED BIRCH
FOREST
OPEN BIRCH
FOREST
CLOSED BALSAM
POPLAR
OPEN BALSAM
POPLAR
CLOSED MIXED
FOREST
OPEN MIXED
FOREST
CLOSED TALL
SHRUB
OPEN TALL
SHRUB
BIRCH SHRUB
Wl-LLOW SHRUB
LOW SHRUB
GRASSLAND
LAKES
MAPPED AT SCALE:I:24,000
VEGETATION MAP OF SU
FROM McKENDRICK .101.1982
o 2 MILES
SCALE ~i~~~~~~!IiI !
SITNA PROJECT IMPACT AREAS
FIGURE E.3.54
LEGEND:
R ROCK
~~..-]'c;=/~o . -/...
~..-Jl!-;;.I-\,,)....,
..._c:::::l"'6 -.\
,.J,..=---u ...'~~~~-".--'
~;1lr-('\
':J
..
LAKES
BiRCH SHRUB
GRASSLAND
LOW SHRUB
MAT AND CUSHION
TUNDRA
SEDGE GRASS
TUNDRA
WET SEDGE
GRASS
OPEN BLACK
SPRUCE
WOODLAND
BLACK SPRUCE
OPEN WHITE
SPRUCE
WOODLAND
WHITE SPRUCE
CLOSED BIRCH
FOREST
OPEN BIRCH
FOREST
CLOSED BALSAM
POPLAR
OPEN BALSAM
POPLAR
CLOSED MIXED
FOREST
OPEN MIXED
FOREST
CLOSED TALL
SHRUB
OPEN TALL
SHRUB
-WILLOW SHRUB
I OBF I
~
~
~
I OM I
~
~
~
[!]
~
2
2
I WSB I
~
~
~
MAPPED AT SCALE:1:24,000
VEGETATION MAP OF SU:
FROM McKENDRICK e'al.1982
o 2 MILES
SCALE ~i~~~~~~;;;;;;;;;;iiil!
SITNA PROJECT IMPACT AREAS
FIGURE E .3.55
LEGEND:
R ROCK
~MAT AND CUSHION
TUNDRA
~SEDGE GRASS
TUNDRA
~WET SEDGE
GRASS
~OPEN BLACK
SPRUCE
~WOODLAND ~
BLACK SPRUCE
~OPEN WHITE
SPRUCE
~WOODLAND 1<P
WHITE SPRUCE
~CLOSED BIRCH
FOREST
I OBF I
OPEN BIRCH
FOREST
~CLOSED BALSAM
POPLAR ~....
~OPEN BALSAM
POPLAR ~........
~CLOSED MIXED ...-
FOREST
OM I
OPEN MIXED
FOREST
~CLOSED TALL
SHRUB
~OPEN TALL
SHRUB
~BIRCH SHRUB
~"W1LLOW SHRUB
I LS I LOW SHRUB
27 '.
Q GRASSLAND
8 LAKES
:970
34
MAPPED AT SCALE:I:24,000
FROM McKENDRICK.,01.1982
VEGETATION MAP OF SU
SITNA PROJECT IMPACT AREAS
o 2 MILES
SCALE ~i~~~~~~1IIIIil
FIGURE E.3.56
LEGEND:
R ROCK 27
~MAT AND CUSHION
TUNDRA
E SEDGE GRASS
TUNDRA
EJ WET SEDGE
GRASS
~OPEN BLACK
SPRUCE
I WSB I WOODLAND
BLACK SPRUCE
~OPEN WHITE
SPRUCE
~WOODLAND
WHITE SPRUCE
~CLOSED BIRCH
FOREST
I OBF I OPEN BIRCH
FOREST
~CLOSED BALSAM
POPLAR
~OPEN BALSAM
POPLAR
~CLOSED MIXED
FOREST
I
OM
I
OPEN MIXED
FOREST
~CLOSED TALL
SHRUB
~OPEN TALL
SHRUB
0 BIRCH SHRUB
~-WILLOW SHRUB
I LS I LOW SHRUB
8 GRASSLAND
2 LAKES
MAPPED AT SCALE:I:24,000
FROM McKENDRICK et 01.1982
o·
VEGETATION MAP OF SL
SITNA PROJECT IMPACT AREAS
o 2 MILES
SCALE i~~~~~~~!
FIGURE E .3.57
LEGEND:
R
I WSG I
~
I WSB I
~
~
E
I OBF I
~
~
~
I OM I
E
~
~
L!J
I LS I
2
~
ROCK
MAT AND CUSHION
TUNDRA
SEDGE GRASS
TUNDRA
WET SEDGE
GRASS
OPEN BLACK
SPRUCE
WOODLAND
BLACK SPRUCE
OPEN WHITE
SPRUCE
WOODLAND
WHITE SPRUCE
CLOSED BIRCH
FOREST
OPEN BIRCH
FOREST
CLOSED BALSAM
POPLAR
OPEN BALSAM
POPLAR
CLOSED MIXED
FOREST
OPEN MIXED
FOREST
CLOSED TALL
SHRUB
OPEN TALL
SHRUB
BIRCH SHRUB
'WILLOW SHRUB
LOW SHRUB
GRASSLAND
LAKES
I 28 /
MAPPED AT SCALE:I:24,000
,'-
25
VEGETATION MAP OF SL
FROM Me KENDRICK I'al.1982
o 2 MILES
SCALE ~i~~~~~~!
~SITNA PROJECT IMPACT AREAS
FIGURE E.3.58
L!J ~ILLOW SHRUB
~LOW SHRUB
~GRASSLAND
~LAKES
LEGEND:
R
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
I OM I
ROCK
MAT AND CUSHION
TUNDRA
SEDGE GRASS
TUNDRA
WET SEDGE
GRASS
OPEN BLACK
SPRUCE
WOODLAND
BLACK SPRUCE
OPEN WHITE
SPRUCE
WOODLAND
WHITE SPRUCE
CLOSED BIRCH
FOREST
OPEN BIRCH
FOREST
CLOSED BALSAM
POPLAR
OPEN BALSAM
POPLAR
CLOSED MIXED
FOREST
OPEN MIXED
FOREST
CLOSED TALL
SHRUB
OPEN TALL
SHRUB
BIRCH SHRUB
MAPPED AT SCALE:1:24,000
VEGETATION MAP OF 51
FROM Me KENDRICK el 01.1982
PROJECT IMPACT AREAS
,<
o 2 MILES
SCALE ~I~~~~~~.!
FIGURE E.3.59
LEGEND:
R
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~o
~
~
~
~
~
~
[!]
~
o
o
ROCK
MAT AND CUSHION
TUNDRA
SEDGE GRASS
TUNDRA
WET SEDGE
GRASS
OPEN BLACK
SPRUCE
WOODLAND
BLACK SPRUCE
OPEN WHITE
SPRUCE
WOODLAND
WHITE SPRUCE
CLOSED BIRCH
FOREST
OPEN BIRCH
FOREST
CLOSED BALSAM
POPLAR
OPEN BALSAM
POPLAR
CLOSED MIXED
FOREST
OPEN MIXED
FOREST
CLOSED TALL
SHRUB
OPEN TALL
SHRUB
BIRCH SHRUB
WILLOW SHRUB-
LDW SHRUB
GRASSLAND
LAKES
MAPPED AT SCALE:I:24,000
VEGETATION MAP OF SU
FROM McKENDRICK .1 01.1982
'\?5'
30 29
,
28
35(X)
<'
\
o 2 MILES
seA LE ~i~~~~~~.iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii.!
SITNA PROJECT IMPACT AREAS
FIGURE E.3.60
LEGEND:
R
MCT
OSB
WSB
~
[WSW I
~
I OBF I
~
~
~
I OM I
~
~
~
'[!]
I LS I
I G I
~
ROCK
MAT AND CUSHION
TUNDRA
SEDGE GRASS
TUNDRA
WET SEDGE
GRASS
OPEN BLACK
SPRUCE
WOODLAND
BLACK SPRUCE
OPEN WHITE
SPRUCE
WOODLAND
WHITE SPRUCE
CLOSED BIRCH
FOREST
OPEN BIRCH
FOREST
CLOSED BALSAM
POPLAR
OPEN BALSAM
POPLAR
CLOSED MIXED
FOREST
OPEN MIXED
FOREST
CLOSED TALL
SHRUB
OPEN TALL
SHRUB
BIRCH SHRUB
WILLOW SHRUB-
LOW SHRUB
GRASSLAND
LAKES
MAPPED AT SCALE:I:24,000
15
. I ,
\\~
14 13
\
25
FROM McKENDRICK el 01.1962
VEGETATION MAP OF SU
\/';6~t 17"
""50
/'
_.r--
/0 ..,,,<>
~.'.
\.../'"
f "
i '..:JOOJ
2(\(-J;:28 27
SITNA PROJECT IMPACT AREAS
o 2 MILES
SCALE ~i~~~~~~~~!
FIGURE E.3.61
R ROCK
LEGEND:
~
~
~
~
I WSB I
~
I WSW I
~
li~
EJ
o
~
I OM I
E
~
~
[!]
~
~
2
MAT AND CUSHION
TUNDRA
SEDGE GRASS
TUNDRA
WET SEDGE
GRASS
OPEN BLACK
SPRUCE
WOODLAND
BLACK SPRUCE
OPEN WHITE
SPRUCE
WOODLAND
WHITE SPRUCE
CLOSED BIRCH
FOREST
OPEN BIRCH
FOREST
CLOSED BALSAM
POPLAR
OPEN BALSAM
POPLAR
CLOSED MIXED
FOREST
OPEN MIXED
FOREST
CLOSED TALL
SHRUB
OPEN TALL
SHRUB
BIRCH SHRUB
WILLOW SHRUB
~-....
LOW SHRUB
GRASSLAND
LAKES
MAPPED AT SCALE:I:24,000
VEGETATION MAP OF SU:
FR OM Me KENOR ICK .1 a I.19112
ITNA PROJECT IMPACT AREAS
o 2 MILES
SCALE ~i~~~~~~~I
FIGURE E.3.62
LEGEND:
R
~
~
~
~
I WSB I
~
~
~
~
~
o
~
I OM I
EJ
~o
o
~
~
~
ROCK
MAT AND CUSHION
TUNDRA
SEDGE GRASS
TUNDRA
WET SEDGE
GRASS
OPEN BLACK
SPRUCE
WOODLAND
BLACK SPRUCE
OPEN WHITE
SPRUCE
WOODLAND
WHITE SPRUCE
CLOSED BIRCH
FOREST
OPEN BIRCH
FOREST
CLOSED BALSAM
POPLAR
OPEN BALSAM
POPLAR
CLOSED MIXED
FOREST
OPEN MIXED
FOREST
CLOSED TALL
SHRUB
OPEN TALL
SHRUB
BIRCH SHRUB
WILLOW SHRUB-
LOW SHRUB
GRASSLAND
LAKES
MAPPED AT SCALE:I:24,000
VEGETATION MAP OF SU
FROM McKENDRICK 0101.1982
2
~o
{12
SITNA PROJECT IMPACT AREAS
o 2 MILES
SCALE ~i~~~~~!
FIGURE E .3.63
LEGEND:
R ROCK
~MAT AND CUSHION
TUNDRA
B SEDGE GRASS
TUNDRA
EJ WET SEDGE
GRASS
I~OPEN BLACK
SPRUCE
I WSB I WOODLAND
BLACK SPRUCE
~OPEN WHITE
SPRUCE
I WSW I WOODLAND
WHITE SPRUCE
~CLOSED BIRCH
FOREST
~OPEN BIRCH
FOREST
~CLOSED BALSAM
POPLAR
~OPEN BALSAM
POPLAR
~CLOSED MIXED
FOREST
I OM I
OPEN MIXED
FOREST
~CLOSED TALL
SHRUB
~OPEN TALL
SHRUB
0 BIRCH SHRUB
C!J WLLLOW SHRUB
I LS I LOW SHRUB
~GRASSLAND
2 LAKES
FROM McKENDRICK 8101.1982
MAPPED AT SCALE'I:24,000
VEGETATION MAP OF SU
SITNA PROJECT 1M PACT AREAS
O~~~~~~2 MILES
SCALE i=!
FIGURE E.3.64
ROCKR
LEGEND:
~MAT AND CUSHION
TUNDRA
------.
~SEDGE GRASS
0
'~
TUNDRA
~o
.ll:il:v ,~
~WET SEDGE
GRASS
~OPEN BLACK
SPRUCE
I WSB I WOODLAND
BLACK SPRUCE
~OPEN WHITE
SPRUCE
I WSW I WOODLAND
WHITE SPRUCE
~CLOSED BIRCH
FOREST
~OPEN BIRCH
FOREST
~CLOSED BALSAM
POPLAR
~OPEN BALSAM
POPLAR
~CLOSED MIXED
FOREST
I OM I OPEN MIXED
FOREST
~CLOSED TALL
SHRUB
~OPEN TALL
SHRUB
L!J BIRCH SHRUB
0 WILLOW SHRUB-
@]LOW SHRUB
2 GRASSLAND
~LAKES
MAPPED AT SCALE:I:24,000
VEGETATION MAP OF SU
FROM McKENDRICK et 01.1982
ISITNA PROJECT IMPACT AREAS
O~~~~~~~~2 MILESSCALE1:!
FIGURE E.3 .65
-
,J
,c\
?__-:~~~-";.;..'~,
"'/
FROM McKENDRICK .t 01.1982
WETLAND
PROJECT
MAP OF
IMPOUNDME
1':1 .;•.,.....
...":,
,~i
',<.
.....
:'~}-~:;
~/
"..\
',.:"
"
.;',1
>'•
'.~
SUSITNA
NT AND
HYDROELECTR IC
BORROW SITES
o 12 24 MILES
SCALE ~i~~~~~~~~~~!
FIGURE E 3.66
LEGEND:
E PALUSTRINE
SCRUB -SHRUB
PE
I
PALUSTRINE
EMERGENT
PF I
PALUSTRINE
FORESTED
LACUSTRINE
I LE
I EMERGENT
S LAKE
-
FROM McKENDRICK .t 01.1982
MAPPED AT SCALE I:24,000
CLASSIFICATION:COWARDIN el 01 1979
WETLAND MAP OF SUSll
IMPOUNDMENT I
o 2 MILES
SCALE ~i~~~~~iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiil!
rNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
I ND BORROW SITES
FIG URE E.3.6 7
WETLAND MAP OF
PROJECT IMPOUNDN
u.,\\\"1\1111 \ I
MAPPED AT SCALE I:24,000
CLASSIFICATION:COWARDIN el 01 1979
-
""LEGEND:
E PALUSTRINE
SCRUB -SHRUB
PE I
PALUSTRINE
EMERGENT
PF
I
PALUSTRINE
FORESTED
~LACUSTRINE
EMERGENT
0 LAKE
FROM McKENDRICK of 01.1982
.SUSITNA HYDROELECTRIC
ENT AND BORROW SITES
O~~~~~~iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiil2MILESSCALEl=
FIGURE E.3.68
N ~
290
LEGEND:
",50 I~PALUSTRINE
SCRUB -SHRUB /~13.---
PE I
PALUSTRINE
EMERGENT 3000
"'""'"I I
PALUSTRINE 7
PF ,
FORESTED
EJ LACUSTRINE '\j
EMERGENT )-Y 22
=LAKE
-
FROM McKENDRICK at al.1982
MAPPED AT SCALE 1:24,000
CLASSIFICATION :COWARDIN et 01.1979
WETLAND MAP OF SUSI
IMPOUNDMENT
\/,)-;lt17.,
c_')
~350
O~13 C)
....JV )
,/.
~
'\I'uool
\I ,2~f-""28
ITNA
AND
HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
BORROW SITES
o 2 MILES
SCALE ~i~~~~~!'iII iiiiiiiiil!
FIGURE E.3 69
~
LEGEND:
8 PALUSTRINE
SCRUB -SHRUB
PE PALUSTRINE 0
EMERGENT
PF PALUSTRINE
FORESTED
~LACUSTRINE
EMERGENT
C LAKE
-
MAPPED AT SCALE 1:24,000
CLASSIFICATION:COWARDIN et 01.1979
FROM McKENDRICK.t a I.1982
WETLAND MAP OF SUSI
IMPOUNDMENT J
TNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
ND BORROW SITES
o 2 MILES
SCALE ~i~~~~~iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii.!
FIGURE E.3.70
-
LEGENO:
E
~
I PF I
~
2
PALUSTRINE
SCRUB -SHRUB
PALUSTRINE
EMERGENT
PALUSTRINE
FORESTEO
LACUSTRINE
EMERGENT
LAKE
MAPPED AT SCALE I:24,000
CLASSIFICATIOO:COWARDIN et 01.1979
WETLAND MAP OF SUS
IMPOUNDMENT
FROM McKENDRICK 0'01.1982
~
'.,\....~
'~~Lo,
ITNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
AND BORROW SITES
o 2 MILES
SCALE ~i~~~~~.!
FIGURE E.3.71
LEGEND:
E PALUSTRINE
SCRUB -SHRUB
PE I
PALUSTRINE
EMERGENT
I PF I
PALUSTRINE
FORESTED
0 LACUSTRINE
EMERGENT
~LAKE
-
FROM McKENDRICK.'01.1982
MAPPED AT SCALE 1;24)000
CLASSIFICATION;COWARDIN et 01.1979
WETLAND MAP OF SUSI
IMPOUNDMENT j
:D
ITNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
AND BORROW SITES
o 2 MILES
SCALE ~j~~~liIiiiiiiiIiIliIiiiiiiiIiIiiIIiIiIiiiil!
FIGURE E.3.72
-
LEGEND:
B
PE I
I PF I
o
~
PALUSTRINE
SCRUB -SHRUB
PALUSTRINE
EMERGENT
PALUSTRINE
FORESTED
LACUSTRINE
EMERGENT
LAKE
MAPPED AT SCALE I:24,000
CLASSIFICATIOO:COWARDIN et al.1979
WETLAND MAP OF SUS,
IMPOUNDMENT
FROM McKENDRICK et al 1982
TNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
~ND BORROW SITES
FIGURE E.3.73
TO
FROM McKENDRICK et al.1982
VEGETATION S~
IN SUSITNA RIV
r CANTWELL
I MPLE LOCATIONS
ER BASIN t 1980
o 16SCALE~i~~~~~~~~2 MILES
FIGURE E .3.74
FROM Me KENDRICK et a I.1982
~
SUSITNA BASIN
BOUNDARY
LOCATIONS OF LAKES
FOR VASCULAR AQUATIC
~
[14@
AND PONDS SURVEYED
PLANTS IN AUGUST 1980
O~~~3~iiiiiiiiiii.6MILESSCALEi=!
FIGURE E.3.75
J 1 1 J J
OPEN WATER ZONE
-USUALLY GREATER THAN 2.1 m IN DEPTH
-LITTLE TO NO AQUATIC VEGETATION
SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION
DEEP WATER ZONE
-WATER FROM 0.6 T02.lm IN DEPTH
-USUALLY DOMINATED BY YELLOW POND LI LY
-SIZf;VARIABLE DEPENDING ON BOTTOM MORPHOLOGY
SHALLOW WATER ZONE
-WATER 0.15 TOO.6m IN DEPTH
-USUALLY DOMINATED BY BUR REED,HORSETAIL,
MARE'S TAIL,AND BLADDERWORT
-SIZE VARIABLE DEPENDING ON BOTTOM MORPHOLOGY
-SPECIES COMPOSITION INFLUENCED BY SUBSTRATE
EMERGENT WETLAND PERIPHERY
-WATER FROM GROUND SURFACE TO 0.3 m IN DEPTH
-MAY CONTAIN A FLOATING MAT OF VEGETATION
-DOMINANTS INCLUDE SEDGE,COTTON GRASS,REED BENT GRASS,
MARSH FIVEFINGER,BUCKBEAN,AND SPHAGNUM MOSS
-SIZE INFLUENCED BY BOTTOM MORPHOLOGY AND
SURROUMDING TOPOGRAPHY
,FROM McKENDR leI<et a I.1982 ~
A SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF THE DOMINAN<T VEGETATION
ASSOCIATED WITH MANY OF THE LAKES AND PONDS
OF THE SUSITNA BASIN
FIGURE E.3.76
~!
1 1 -I I
1
~~
DRY-WARM WET-COLD
PATTERNS OF FOREST SUCCESSION
FOLLOWING FIRE IN ALASKA
FROM VIERECK a SCHANDELMEIER 1980 FIGU RE E.3.77
1 1 I 1 ---~---~)I )
(J)
0c::u
0
IT!..
~C SUSITNA RIVERz
0r
IT!."<0
I
BARE SURFACEIT!::;0 I H
J>-INITIAL STAGEz~0
<»
IT!::;0 T LBARE SURFACE
::0 -<l:lIT!N SALT CRUST0
lit
CD en
ell C W HORSE TAIL-0 N OPEN SHRUB BALSAM POPLARI S0<J1 WILLOW
IT1 ALDER
enen <J1 WILLOW AND/OR
~I SHRUB ALDER PLUS ~» -
Ci)0 BALSAM POPLARITI
~0 OJ
"T)
"T'J 5NC
CJ)0 :::tJ YOUNG BALSAM POPLAR 0
-t C I m ~0
:::tJ ~0 AND /OR ALDER "'0
~~0
r
IT1 "T'J »
(")0 ZITI:::tJ
en ITI
-(CJ)
C ~00 -i
~
J '\[.MATURE BALSAM POPLARen0"T)-I 5 ~YOUNG WHITE SPRUCE ~-t 0
Z 0 ~j -ALDER
»
"'TI N5<J1 II t -tr11'ili ~OLD BALSAM POPLAR ~I
0 :::;j A'u 'U~~;~YOUNG WHITE SPRUCE
0 <J1
."r N d»0 ~III ~~~~~~~~~:WHITE ~-0
..."Z I
C5 0.1
0C0::0
ITI
rn
Oa
~
CD
ADJUSTMENTS TO ROAC
INDE)
/RAILROAD ALIGNMENTS
X MAP
R.3 E.R.4 E.
R.IOW.
o 4 8 MILES
SCALE ~i~~~iiiiiiiiiiiiiii;il
LEGEND:
__FINALIZED ROAD
ALIGNMENT
++-t-I-FI NALIZED RAILROAD
ALIGNMENT
___EARLIER ROAD/RAIL-
ROAD ALIGNMENTS
T.205.TRANSMISSION LINE
- --CORRIDOR
T.13N.
T.12N.
T.IIN.
T.lON.
T.9N.
T.aN.
T.7N.
FIGURE E.3.79
-
FIGURE £.3.80
~~~.'ij
hLEGEND:L'
I:=..=:]SUITABLE BORROW MATERIAL ~e BORROW PIT
_ _EARll ER ROAD ALIGNMENT
--FINALIZED ROAD ALIGNMENT
MP 32 ROAD MILEPOST
~ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREA
o
t-oJ;.A!!ft 0~~~~~iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii_iiiii2 MILESuv~SCALE.=!
ADJUSTMENTS TO ROAD AL~NMENT
RED FOX
DEN COMPLEX
5000
~...j®
(
~"'1
'"
,....
I
00
t<O
f'lilJ/l
'""-....
;Je!)~...
00
fJO
~...~.
~
~...(:.
~
4 000
Joo ~
o
J-,.t:::::.:..:.:.
...~
o
BALD EAGLE NEST
[.
o 2 MILES
SCALE ~i~~~~~iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii~!
"-4 0 OOr-----S
~I
ADJUSTMENTS TO ROAD AUGNMENT
FIGURE E.3.8 I
-1 1
"-..
d
tf!Z'
~ooo
/
~ooo\
o
.~
A ~:~:~~.-
<:>
E>
--)
')
LEGEND:
~SUITABLE BORROW MATERIALeBORROWPIT
_ _EARLIER ROAD /RAILROAD ALIGNMENT
-FINALIZED ROAD ALIGNMENT
........FINALIZED RAILROAD ALIGNMENT
MP 32 ROAD MILEPOST
M-I 12 RAILROAD MILEPOST
~
ENVI RONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREA
ADJUSTMENTS TO ROAD
AND RAILROAD ALIGNMENTS
oSCALEi I 2 MILES!
FJGURE E.3.82
SIDE BORROW TRENCHES WILL BE BACKFILLED
WITH PREVIOUSLY EXCAVATED OVERBURDEN
AND REVEGETATED.
17'
TYPICAL IS
441
-
FILL SLOPE VARIABLE DEPENDING
ON HEIGHT OF FILL".
17'
TYPICAL I H
COMPARISON OF ROAD
12'RUNNING SURFACE
4'GRAVEL SURFACE 3/4"MINUS
g"BASE -21
'GRADE "A"
NFS SUB BASE THICKNESS VARIABLE
SIDE BORROW I SECTION
5'SHOULDE
12'RUNNING SURFACE
GRAV6-i...SURFACE 3/4"MINUS
E-2"GRADE 'A"
BASE TH ICKN ESS VARIABLE
ILLSIDE CUT'SECTION
5'SHOULDER
CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES
FIGURE E.3.83
----1 --)J 1 1
14'14'3'
22'
1.5 H:I V IN OVERBURDEN
CUT SLOPE VARIABLE
DEPENDENT ON TYPE
OF MATERIAL
19'
9'
2'SUB BALLAST
SUBGRADE
z'BALLAST
2
I I ./
1.5
I~
TYPICAL HILLSIDE CUT OF RAILROAD CROSS SECTION
FIGURE E.3.84
i
95'
~oa:::
u..o
w
8w
55'
t I
105'
I
j'
'95'
1
NOTE:
TOWER SPACING CENTERLINE TO CENTERLINE DISTANCE 105:
TOWER SPACING CENTERLINE TO EDGE OF RIGHT-OF-WAY 95:
NUMBER TOWERS
I
2
3
4
RIGHT-OF-WAY WIDTH
190 FEET
300 FEET
400 FEET
510 FEET
TYPICAL TRANSMISSION RIGHT -OF-WAY CROSS SECTION
FIGURE E.3.85
J J
SCALE v \0 20 MILES
6.
FIGURE E.3.86
6.6.
NOTE:SYMBOLS REPRESENT
LOCATION BY YEAR.SUFFICIENT
INFORMATION WAS NOT PROVIDED
BY ADF a G TO MATCH SPECIFIC
SYMBOLS WITH SPECIFIC YEARS.
x
x
o
+
o
000
6 6
8
X o
o
LOCATIONS OF RADIO-COLLAREDCOW MOOSE
DURING PARTURITION (MAY 15-JUNE 15)FROM
1977 THROUGH 1981
:')
/'''.~~,'.,,~""'.'i.';0\
"\~.}X
\.'.'~"'~'(~
"~
'~'-......
,.~,
@
SOURCE:AD,.a G lil2 a
11
oX
'~"''''''-~
.,.~~
"..~
...~
®
~'I-/
17
/_./
['
l::J.("'.
'_"'/---~o~>A',j,~l::J.)~
'\.~);.~
x 'S-........'''''''/
\........L·
X /"--'",__'-./v "'\~~,~'/\'--'-'i
.-'''''/\"''-...-'./"'~'l:-I
./PORf,AG.E.7 .~:/
}..~.--r-~-I ~'I:-.:.
..,-/./-_/o~~~..p··HI,_,,~"'~V 0 /..0 //
/I ":J-(A ~~~W'~.
C'I II -/'(:6 ~---.~0 'NOTE:SYMBOLS REPRESENT
•~~X /LOCATION BY YEAR.SUFFICIENT
X INFORMATION WAS NOT PROVIDED
.~X V ,--..F~)«BY ADF BG 10 MATCH SPECIFIC\.,.--"'·_·/·'-............·v·XX~X X X SYMBOLS WITH SPECIFIC YEARS.y.X ~I\X
.:";'J.I ,_..c:J XX~1 ~:X
.;;ll\,~ll .""\.."i:~~""",",/7-:X /:;
\ 1 \""~:
-r....A ,
,,-")("~Y)
\
~
Q)SCALE v 10 20 MILES
SOURCE:ADF a G 1982 Q
LOCATIONS OF RADIO -'COLLARED MOOSE DURING
THE RUT (SEPTEMBER 20-0CTOBER 20)FROM
1977 THROUGH FALL 1980 &FIGURE E.3.87
-----1 J 1 1
SCALE
®
...~
'~"''''''-~
...~.~
10 20 MILES
--........o~'"--'"~
GENERAL MOVEMENT AND MIGRATION PATTERNS
OF RADIO -COLLARED MOOSE FROM OCTOBER 1976
THROUGH MID AUGUST 1981
FIGURE E.3.SS'
C-~J 1 1 "OJ )
NOTES:
I.RELATIVE DENSITIES OF MOOSE
AS DETERMINED fROM
STRATIFICATION AND CENSUS
FLIGHTS MADE DURING
NOVEMBER 1980.
~
y
./
'~.
.~~
"'~"'~?>~
SCALE 0 10 20 MILES
~
--.........D,,'"'-.-r "'~
\.~~
.........-.......
;--."\...-/"''-..r"'.
J'-'\.LEGEND:
('/<[=:=J 0 DENSITY
/"",,"'~,,,-,IiiLOW DENSITY
i ~"q,.+COUNT JJ .··4 "~MEDIUM DENSITY..1 ,.__. _(i.,,~
l._.__HIGH DENSITY
c:::-~
(·v·
•••••••COUNT AREA BOUNDARY
~....
\.
\
.--.J
J'...r'
.J'
.,/"
~
~\
.~~~~")
:~"'~~l,"~L,~TY~OE':'-1.\
"LAKE («~~;(\SUSITN:-.)
I 't",...\\<<'
t~'"\
LAKE LOUISE ...~).",.------_._._"
FROM ADF a G 1982a
BOUNDARIES OF ESTABLISHED MOOSE COUNT AREAS
FIGURE E.3.89
o 10 20 MILES
SCALE ~I~~~~liiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii_
ZONES EMPLOYED TO ESTIMATE MOOSE
DENSITIES WITHIN RIPARIAN COMMUNITIES ALONG THE SUSITNA RIVER
FIGURE E.3.90
')J --1
CALF OF COLLARED COW -1980
RADIO -COLLARED CALF -1977 -78
CALF OF RADI0-COLLARED'·COW-1977-78••
0-_J:)-_..JJ-_..0-~-
",.'"/X---X/,
LEGEND
X--X
20 I I I I I 0----0
80 I I ,-I /~~..I I I I
100 'I I )(IX A I A i ~•
>-I-
::J
~a:::o::E 60 I I~,.',
....
Z
W
U I~I~I
~40 Ii::I •~~y l
...J
~I
~
:::>
u I
I I I
26-30 31-4
MAY
5-9 10-14 15-19 20-2425-29 30-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-2425-2930-3
JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT
DATES OF MORTALITIES OF COLLARED AND UNCOLLARED MOOSE CALVES
DURING 1977,1978,AND 1980 IN THE NELCHINA AND MIDDLE SUSITNA BASIN,ALASKA
SOURCE:ADF a e i982 a FIGURE E.3.91
1 )1 --1 1 -1 J -1
L ...~
..~
)
'--------...:\
~~~~A~
~"~
~
~~~l ~
~
"'~/1'-•.--__,
I
I'-1
,-DENALI~
\
\~II \p.f1f.~••./)O I y~~~-/...."'~'f>-,'/-s.t!?/TNA .......~J
0\.-:'.."..•/';-~•••R/VCR -',
(,i/'\•~LA.-:\/x..;,-"-'"\WArANA ~"'V I
(
'I t\",\~"-~~
:f:f:IN~/-"~"-\~'-)~>-~-<~L.t<••-.~I \J \~:I '.\......\\\
:I:'")~J
(/).TALKE~ENA~'......-.-~~\..~\~/
a.~\,,__,.------'~\-
:SUSITNA 1
WATERSHED BOUNDARY
?/'1"/"~
Gj
l
~;/®~)...i
~('~\:~.
.I)
)
HISTORICAL RANGE OF THE NELCHINA CARIBOU HERD
SOU"CE:HEMMING 1971 FIGURE E.3.92
-1 -1 J 1 1 j
LEGEND:
•FEMALES
*MALES
*
'~u;,._
~
...~.,.~
«".,.
..~
...~.
@
r-''--..........J'-""'../..\
/-i
['..,
('l.
;""\--~~).~~~~\
"\.('WEST "6",,".~.'.:~..........;r'--.....\
\/'~i~-~"".~.!"-'V '-\('~
;/I _-...,.·--'~'I /'\•.,_~...._(\......'_.~" */ \.'.l eN \~•.-'-"/\.~....:..-~-.......""",,-'----,/"I ..0..•G'f'"':J
•"""-•-'"RrIlG~.:~,")
./~...~$~,,~,-J
,.'G~;/~(~~~../~"70A'....../"/",,,...•.j!<"....J.--",.)'-.~.
/./:_/(~*",..~<.-I(~.,--~\..~..')
\.,.../\._....r.\......~.,j-"'1..__/.'\,~~-=...~O'~<t"t'*
"~,'\
.:1 A'....."L..
".• • •'."*'-1'"...\~.,~,J'.{/,'~E..\',...~"~.~.~,y ,~"\."l:.,"•A (.:..~.J-O-1<.(~'SU~~~~.).,.,v-1"'r--'". \ •••...•'.~.~..(I
t:\.--------1'~.•!JJ .....*.)t(I ...,.f "----....~-...\
\<--•,('1#.,.<''tI)J,,,,~.........(*"K£U>N~"./'.('•H-.,_,_,_,_.r I ....-~•f(':/.••t:'./')ia r-._...r-\'.,-/.--.....\..~.SCALE 0 10 20 MILES
SOURCE:ADF a G 1112 c .
DISTRIBUTION OF NELCHINA RADIO-COLLARED CARIBOU
DURING THE CALVING PERIOD MAY 15 THROUGH JUNE 10 ,1980 AND 1981 FIGURE E.3.93
]J 1 J J
LEGEND:
*UPPER TALKEETNA RIVER SUBHERD
•CHUNILNA HILLS SUBHERD
c UPPER SUSITNA-NENANA SUBHERD
.~.
'~"'''''-~
...~~
""'_..~
~
./.r-.....................r."'\
/-i
("(o )(".~.,,)--~~4<~)'-.../",~,.
"WeST -<'\.~/%y...·(~'1'-~~~7 \
c ~-.......;:-...................~-~~\.../---7d
C rP ~C t:l .'............'""V'
0
0 000'ciV \\"
o ~o:/__.C C__.~...-'l....dHJ '.C"C C /_~....._o (i C '--C ''-V-'t1.tI C C "/\
\C \~
...\0 '--...\·-I-./"C .........r ".'/).-""£";\'0;•.....--."".'".,.r-
--~."'J-'....
J."'~,.,,~g I'y 'k/--,~..-/"
/,,\?,II(',<,'.,, /.J,-/'','•'-..-".J
."'.".>-""
/
/,,'.~'---,.C.,I-'F~,~\')
•.>"\,/.
•.:'--J."'~o+,
\....·~_·...r·\-............·v./''\/;'-='\\I~-...",.-"~.~-J '1 ~j ",'''''~L.''1•...~""\.;;!r ....,'.''".~'",(;"~'.\-~"""...''\'1 /'\"'~t1 (·~:>o ""(~'su~~i )
",,~'\../t...~_~_.(
-r.'J~\~.,~.-..\..----r'
i
:\'?>
/I ••,'j I '",",--,,..'"\
"."~~.\~.,r<"""~j
.#'---('..._.-
*t.(.(I /--
**)(/r--._....r-'*~\.~.-.....:-:-*:*.:'.~.* * *LSCALEv1020MILES
*
SOURCE:ADf'SG 1982c
LOCATION OF RADIO-COLLARED CARIBOU IN SUBHERDS,
MAY 9,1980 THROUGH SEPTEMBER 22,1981 FIGURE E.3.94
-1 1 -1
7000
6000
5000
4000-t-
LL
Z
0
j::::3000
~
LLI
-.J
LLI
2000
1000
o
--
---E B-•..
t t
::-t tI--~~-t::::--:.:rM ..
i B--t :t -~~:~t tt .'-"""
--.-
I-
--
WINTER SPRING CALVING SUMMER AUTUMN RUT
LEGEND:
r-I SEASONAL ELEVATION USE
L.-..J BY FEMALE CARIBOU
;*-~~~:SEASONAL ELEVATION USE
BY MALE CARIBOU
HORIZONTAL LINE:MEAN
BOX =95 %CONFIDENCE INTERVAL
VERTICAL LINE =RANGE
SOURCE:ADF&G 1982c
SEASONAL ELEVATION USE BY
CARIBOU FROM NELCHINA HERD
FIGURE E .3.95
70 p~/0
60
0/0/0/0/0 o\TM.CARIBOU50
~
0m 40 0/a:::,
c(
,,
0 ,
30 ,
..J ,
~~~~~'o~0r-20
,0
10 00-------
0
49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77
YEARS
400
/°"'0/"en
1LI \
.,
~300 WOLF TRENDS
0
~
..J 200~-0/00O-r-/100
0
49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77
YEARS
HARD WINTERS
+!+30 +~?~
en 0 .-.i,·1LI .~0~~,/• 0 '10®~1 0_~/20 /.•0·'t.~c("t .(J
o 0 'G)~"":::e 10 0/0 <:>
0 0"
X--0
0
49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77
COHORTS
LEGEND:
•AUTUMNoMARCH
X BASED ON MANDIBLESoWINTERSTARVATION
NOTE:FOR THE NELCHINA HERD IN ALASKA,WINTER STARVATION IS LISTED FOR
THOSE YEARS IN WHICH THE PERCENTAGE OF CALVES IN THE SPRING WAS
LOW AND THE PRIOR WINTER WAS SEVERE.HOWEVER,THE LOW CALF PERCENTAGES
MA.Y BE DUE TO OTHER MORTALITY FACTORS OR TO SAMPLE ERROR.
CALF SURVIVAL COMPARED WITH WOLF NUMBERS AND
TOTAL CARIBOU
SOURCE:BERGERUD 1980 FIGURE E.3.96
]]]J
~
~,
'~"'~-~
...~~"'..~
StALl 0 /0 20 MILES
LEGEND:
C DALL SHEEP STUDY AREA
\
~'-.c:::-~
(..···v·
~......_--
\.
\
.J
".-
....",...
.f_/
-/~
~\..')
/?-)-,.....\.A.~+<"(
.."'~~L ..Il~,,~\~LAO:f(~• •
i.,.o )il\~:i':,)(\~\,I\~(
I "--t,~~\
LAKE LOUISE",•:.;.",....---._._.-
SOURCe::ADF •G "12ft
LOCATION OF DALL SHEEP STUDY
AND AERIAL SURVEY AREAS FIGURE E.3.97
J J -J 1 1
"----
"'--..-/
KNOWN WOLF PACK
FISH LAKE
PORTAGE CREEK
5USITNA -SINONA
SUSITNA
TOLSONA
TYONE CREEK
TYON E -MAC LAREN
WATANA
PORTAGE CREEK
L".~
~~1~A
~\
~
>-
<-1:%"~ss .~
0::::-l.."'i ~~~,>'>~
!¥
s .~,:{2.
rl..~Dc,o«
FL
JC
S5
S
T
TC
~T:
)PC
(")~\~~(J~f ~.
\~)
)
;3"/~~...~.,W IIJCIDEVILCANYON\).-I'\~./sus/rNA0'.\W/C'......~..~"{~79c~/\".La .....
(
o"\..........-..........._..."'-\,WATANA
"
!fflNA /"...,-:s.?-L.'\>-lr AL-t<...,~I~:IT ...\"...:r:'")~•TALKEETNA \~
0::~\"'\
Ii ~",.-_--__~.\-
:UPPER SUSITNA J
WATERSHED BOUNDARY
~/··11\./.>:.J"3
Cj
).
SUSPECTED LOCATIONS AND TERRITORIAL BOUNDARIES OF WOLF PACKS
INHABITING THE SUSITNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT AREA DURING 1980 AND 1981
FIGURE E .3.98
SOURCE:ADF a G 1982 f
J 1 1
FIGURE E.3.99
.~~
,,~
...~.",,",--<"~
"~
...~.
~
yI
'-'''--"",....·-......f·-"'\.,.
,1'-''\.LEGEND:
(I I.SUSPECTED STEPHAN LAKE DEN -1976
(".(2.BRUSHKANA DEN -1975
'),3.DEADMAN DEN -1975.'-.........--'-~1<!l 4.WATANA RENDEZVOUS SITE -1980~)."-..5.WATANA DEN -1980
\./fIG·\6.JAY CREEK DEN-1978.~~I wEST "6~....•7.CLEARWATER DEN -1976
.........--".\//\8.KEGCREEKDEN-1975 t I976 t '977
\ ..9.SUSITNA RENDEZVOUS SITE -1980(\.......<~10.SUSITNA RENDEZVOUS SITE -1980.__'--'.*'2 ,)-'V '-\'-:--.II.SUSITNA DEN-1979,1980
(\\......A .c:::-~12.TOLSONA DEN-1980,1981
'v"".'-'-I (''''v'MENDELTNA RENDEZVOUS SITE-1977/'-1 \ \/--.........13.TOLSONA RENDEZVOUS SITE -1980. ..--'.(,~.l ~.::£',-_/"-7-_14.MENDELTNA RENDEZVOUS SITE-1976
./Rrp.Gr:.~:)"."'.........._----\15.MENDELTNA RENDEZVOUS SITE-1977J...~'...,,/,i1 (,~.;.*3 0 '\16.TYONE CREEK DEN-1979
/
.,...,'./o~~~..p MI ~~(l~4**,5~/.<,_/ ( )or .t'''..'~7'~__)(~~~....../
•,...J'.....~"J-.f
.1*""'"'---"~.f6 ~..-/·--'*8"~/"'. .......-.
V""._.........L ..............v --',:~./.~~...~\.~.:~j....~·..~o+~)
~~~.~j ...C\\(
rliP..~\""."-./:"'~J.-"'~"-',,~'\'1 /~\(~r,~9*'"L ..I1,
\\A /\~\
.'.1 ----.--1:;*(~10*.*1 \~:"':::.~)
\.........",,,I ."-.....~(
I or.13 12 ~~,,\\(f /1 :::/::-.~.~~~.~/
.-.J-.-......r--._...--.J
..v ~~~IOiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii~20 MILES L.--,·SCALE c:
GENERAL LOCATION AND YEAR OF USE OF OBSERVED WOLF DEN AND
RENDEZVOUS SITES DISCOVERED IN THE SUSITNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT AREA
FROM 1975 THROUGH 1981SOURCE:ADF a G 1882f
LEGEND:
If[f[ffffl MALE HOME RANGES~
Y\"
~".
I
.~.
'~"'""S<.
~
•••~?>"...~
SCALE "10 20 MILES!
--'-D<1'1-
-'"'~
'-\:':Jtll<4Y.........
)
~.'\.-",..""'-...r.-.....\
I
(
'l.""'-.~FEMALE HOME RANGES
'\
\
~'-.
OBSERVED HOME RANGES OF WOLVERINES IN THE MIDDLE SUSITNA
SOURCE:ADF8a 19820,UNPUBl.DATA BASIN BASED ON LOCATION OF RADIO-COLLARED ANIMALS FIGURE E.3.IOO
@
"j"
<t
....
I
<t
~~~t
~..~
I
~'q"
N
I
~o
I
148°00'W
Q
I
<t
-1 -J
SOURCE::GIPSON .t 01.1982
AERIAL TRANSECTS FOR FUR BEARERS (A)AND
CHECKPOINTS FOR OTTER AND MINK SIGN (OM)
SCALE ?5 \0 MILES!
FIGURE E.3.IOI
LEGEND:
Ci>PRIMARY SITE
•SECONDARY SITE
o PRIMARY ALTERNATE SITE
•TERTIARY SITE
o SHELTER SITE
.~~
~
•••~'1>'4.
""'..,
...~
...~.
.'--''"-',-,....-""'\./'.J.\f'-'..I(.~.,
,-..r~-,-"e?·l....."~l '"\
\..~/GIiIJ-('weST -<'•
....~o~~\,--..''''/.
\'L't
f\..'\'_..·-V .......c-~('--'-"'\-.A./\,('v'
\'-'--'-.".\--..'-d'''''''/\..------t'//-"'=-:-......_--....,.....,.r c,~'l.~.~I '--"''-~''''\/--.E to·.0 \."-pollfA..-_--...J>'~"J ~,c,;•..,"'-'<i •• 'r:,'(.'•!<i ~~
I Ci>~~:~-tI\>
.'"'.f'''---(_<t'I ",J"o-"..'J'.~~.For;CR.•........,--I '-...--.,.---..r-""""".~·/'O·_·/·,-./·v·.~__" '~\
. /\.1 l~f-..~UI ...~o+'),.I I i;j:'L1 '.<!"{~.T~~.~,--,~
'(..'.~.'(.\~t ".....•;.:.~""l-,,~'\")~'\(~.~~'.11.
\Ii.TrONE:\
\
,-/1..,LAKE (.--.,'l ~...'.("~~"ir\SU~::,)i .~~?(,(,.,,,I ~"---,,,~".'\
"~\>"'t"'vI~~,"K£b;~)~(I "....-._._._._.
.."ft:(.\..L.-Y·---....·r-·~·~j
~
SCALE 0 10 20 MILES
NOTE:SEE TABLE E.3.89 FOR RED FOX DEN CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM.
LOCATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF FOX DENS
SOURCE:GIPSON .t al.1982 .FIGURE E.3.IO.2
..",.
"/
""""""/
/
I
~/q.O /
~v /
q.;/
/
I
I
/
/
I
/
.J.../
~"'l"/
ri'/~"I
I
I
"/I .~.
•HURRICANE /'.
.~("
I
I
r
LOW-MEDIUM
~.W···.!···'<&'.~.::~.!~;::':::.~::.:.UB.,r:~~
OLD CREEK PAPER BIRCH :.:-::..~~~.-
;\FOREST'WHITE SPRUCE-PAPER .....
/ 'BIRCH FORESiy
/,---.~./,.''---
,//'-._,,---.'--"J~'""\
,~,,/'\
:-ri~"'""":j'"-.~NIl/eNI~I --='"~
.\'"~f~&N.t:/"'~
I )'-..".
~;I \
LOCATIONS OF I:
IN THE MIDDLE
(
I
I
SOURCE:KESSEL .t 01.19820
LEGEND:
1IIIIIHlI RAILROAD EXTENSION
___PROPOSED ACCESS
ROAD
- --PROPOSED TRANSMISSION
- -- -INTERTIE
k:~Y/j~/~lIMPOUNDMENT AREA
o 4 8 MILES
SCALE ~i~~iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiil!
iIi /,ld)=·~,·~./
if.~)'''-.-;;v'.p
/
.~'
,JB/GLAKE£?D.~<vv;.9~(I".~"y
,~~O WHITE SPRUCE,/'
SCATTERED ;t ..'TALL ALDER SHRUB THICKET~G ~~~~g~;~~'.:;;~~~:\..;~;.~;;;~.
"'A..f\~:WHITE SP'R'UC'~\\:"'"(~0 \)ti FOREST ,:
ALPINE TUNDRA &·.w,···::..
)-DW~·RF-LOW BIRCH
,:SHRUB THICKET
./
/
2 BIRD CENSUS PLOTS
SUSITNA RIVER BASIN
FIGURE E.3.I03
1 1 1 J 1 J
'~"'_5__
~o"~"'"~
'"
,..---------
,\,
~
.r-',--,,--.r'-"\./'"
._'\LEGEND:
,f "~AREAS WHERE TWO TO
(.~EIGHT LAKES WERE SURVEYED',r".'l(.'--'"~-'-~~)""\
'~('~~'\'-=~0"",+
........-........'''''''/.~.~.~I',~,V ",-c-~
'-./'\I"v'(i --\..,/'\.~.~.I ,
\.,---....''v''\MAN ,/'\.:-..........._-,-UPPER DEAD C.9,/•
.r'~,I CREEK};,l~-'-~"'''''''~~\'"""'-...-'9'c,'"GROUP 0 \
./'pO/lf"G.f...~/'v~:-LOWER DEADMAN
....------,.,..".-~~.CREEK GROU.~WERPORTAGE".;v C g //r'c./,h )
,...,CREEK GROUP O~·'EEK/:'('./~<!o~,~,.----......cop.~.,,,--.RUIGE CR .,<.,,'
/./~~VILCREEK •~~~~~~=1AU~~7 MACLARENRIVERI(~~II .....r----..v~.."....TYONE RIVER~.I J[~
•<=-,;;;,/~.-'~.~~~
../l.FOG LAKES ,.\\""~,-,"""""'",--,,,,,,,,,,v --j",GROUPS I AND:D:U ~~o.o~.)
STEPHAN LAKE (•"=.../'~>
roo'"i{0 \..---<.04'<",•
.: 1 ~..,'~{~,J ...YON~.'"\.'..".
II ':RIVER/~NP.~I'J~",'.~.,:(/J ~SHETNA o~L.'1TP.~'~")'\'"j:RIVER '\-,.~-,
\\---""·(\"~(0~~;;;~)
"t1,'~it1 I ""...'.)i~"'"\
"<!o~.'t"'vI~r;w,'_~)~(I /_._._._'-
l.((--...r-_.~jL...--'.-YSCALE01020MILES
SOURCE:KESSEL .t a I,1982 a
LOCATIONS OF IMPORTANT LAKES AND LAKE GROUPS SURVEYED
FOR WATERFOWL IN THE MIDDLE SUSITNA BASIN FIGURE E.3.I04
I
75
-SCOTTlE -D~SPER
CREEK NO S 15,I6J
17,1/3 OF 20
70 -
-----\r-------------\r------
-----_...1\-_____--r---___...A.______
MOON LAKE AREA -
30 -I-MIDWAY LAKE
WB 131en
UJ 25 r-
25
0
tDa::
UJ
~~
u
Lr 20 ~C3 ~WB 107 MURDERUJLAKEa..we 106 STEPHAN LAKEen
u..
0
en
UJ
:::J
...J 15 r-I-WB)45 CLARENCE~/LAKE
UJuz we 059 FOG LAKES~a::I-we 148 WATANA LAKE
0a..
~10 WBI05~
WB 130 DEADMAN LAKE WB069
we 135 WB064-067
PISTOL LAKE GROUP
5 r-WB 121-128 WBI34
DELUSION 'CREEK WBI04
GROUP WBI03
WB 129 BIG LAKE WBOiwe835 FOG LAKESwe38
0
WB037
IMPORTANCE VALUES OF WATER BODIES FOR MIGRANT WATERFOWL
IN THE MIDDLE SUSITNA BASIN.UPPER TANANA RIVER VALLEY.
AND SCOTTIE CREEK AREA -FALL 1980
SOURCE:KESSEL etal.19820 FIGURE E.3 .105
35
30 CATHEDRAL BLUFF LAKES
QUARTZ LAKE
SHAW CREEK FLATS MOON LAKE AND VICINITY
25
WB 067-PISTOL LAKE
BEAR CHIEF CREEK
en
LLJoo
a:J
ffi WB 107-MURDER LAKES
~
~20
u
u:::
U
LLJa..en
~DOT LAKE -SAM CREEK ARE
en
LLJ
:3 15
~
LLJ
U
Z
~a::oa..
~10
ROBERTSON RIVER
JOHNSON SLOUGH
WB 106-STEPHAN LAKE
WB 145-CLARENCE LAKE
WB 131 WB 140
5
d
DEADMAN LAKE WB 130 WB 133
WB 059 WB 135 WB 103 WB 065
WB 105---~~':-::-=~'WB060
WB064 WB 132 WB 148-WATANA
WB 134 WB 104 WB 038 LAKE
WB036 WB 115 '-..I-........'T'T'T"-WB 139
WB023 .:::---::....-m*"*~WB037W,~B~I~50~:::::3~~~WB025 HIGH ·LAKEWBOl5-WBOI6 B'138
IMPORTANCE VALUES OF WATER BODIES FOR MIGRANT WATERFOWL
IN THE MIDDLE SUSITNA·BASIN,UPPER TANANA RIVER VALLEY-
SPRING 1980
SOURCE:KESSEL .t1l1.1982a FIGURE E.3.106.
---I 'J 1
HERBACEOUS-DWARF AND LOW SHRUB CONIFEROUS FOREST
I I iII)I I I
I I I I I
.SEDGE-GRASS/I SEDGE-GRASS/LOW I ~OPEN WOODLAND 'SIRCH-COTTO~TALL TALL I
~HRUB TUNDRA":WILLOW SHRUB ~~SPRUC~SPRUCE -+-BOG:SPRUC~WOOD~LDEFtGRASS:
I I tt~1 I I
287221621112211514443222244493343334443311
40958103267445676798789 3409651231232
TRAPLINE
SITE NO.
100
~~
>-t:I-
0:::
c{
....J
i 50 J-en
LLJ>I-~
Lrl
D::
0
.....
.......
-.-
ioooIpoo
..
.......
....
~
I
~
u
....
........
r..-.,-
L.JLJU
~
-.-
~~y ~
......
....
J
SOURCE:KESSEL .t al.1882 a
CLUSTERING OF 42 SMALL MAMMAL TRAPLINE SITES INTO SIMILAR
VEGETATIVE GROUPINGS,BASED ON AN ANALYSIS OF FREQUENCY
COUNTS OF 81 PLANT TAXA IN THE GROUND COVER
FIGURE E .3.107
~l -1 1 l ""1
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MEADOW VOLE
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li:~40
~20oz0
MASKED SHREW
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....-•,.•••••••••
•
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••
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UJ
~60....~40
(.)
~20
dz 0
C/)
~60::J
~40
(.)
~20
dz 0
ARCTIC SHREW
I II>-I I -IIII>-I I -
I I
•I I •l-I I••'..f·.••••••••••I ••••••••••
en
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~60....~40
(.)
~20
oz 0
TUNDRA VOLE
I I
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l-I I -•,.I
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••I I•••••••• I ••........••
SINGING VOLE
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~60....
~40
(.)
~20
dz 0
DUSKY SHREW ,I
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dz 0
NORTHERN RED-BACKED VOLE BROWN LEMMING
C/)
UJ
a::60::J....
~40
(.)
~20
dz 0
I I
-I •I -
I •I
I •I ••-I •••I ••I r-.••I ••l-•I ..I ••t••••-~•.,
•..•I ••••
I I MIXED.HERBACEOUS-I CONIFEROUS :IECIDUOUS l'ORESTl:lIlMRF a LOW SHRUB I FOREST
I I -1l'LL SHNJ8
.I I"I ISEDGE_ss ..DGE ....S/lOW i §I """.""........WOODl.••~IOGI81OCH~.............,.T...l~.ll.......ruN'"W'llOW ....us ~;:s"""",""""c.ISMlC.""'-".lD..-
C/)
UJ
~60
....
~40u
~20
dz 0
:I
I-I I -
I ~.
I-I I -,I
I-I I _
I I.......~...~
HERBACEOUS-:CONIFEROUS :MIXED a
DWARF1a LOW SHRUB
1
,,:FOREST !1E:1~:sr
s....OMS.S,,,,...../lOW I ~I """.""........WOODl••~...1.'OCH~""""_T"'l....TAll
SHftU8 TUNDR'A WIUCNi SHRUB !~I SIIM.ICE:,..MlCE -'ISIIM.ICE P'OfIt..Aft -ALDER -.wASS
~'"I I
SOURCE:KESSEL .t 01./9120
ABUNDANCE PATTERNS OF EIGHT SMALL MAMMAL SPECIES
RELATIVE TO VEGETATION TYPES AT 42 SITES IN THE
SUSITNA RIVER BASIN.ALASKA JULY 29-AUGUST 30,1981 FIGURE E.3.108
-~-C-l J
MOOSE
POPULATION
REGULATING
FACTORS
AVAILABILITY OF FOOD MOOSE PREDATION BY
OTH ER PREDATORS
MOOSE HARVEST BY MAN
ALTERATIONS OF ACCESS
DENSITY OF COMPETITORS
(INCLUDING OTHER MOOSE)
ALT ERATI ONS 0 F HAB ITAT
(I.E.INUNDATION VIA IMPOUNDMENT)
ACTIONS
CONCEIVABLY
AFFECTING
POPULATION
FACTORS
DETERMINANT
PROBABLE FACTORS REGULATING MOOSE POPULATIONS IN THE
SUSITNA BASIN AND ACTIONS THAT MIGHT AFFECT THESE POPULATIONS
FIGURE E .3.109
1 1 'J '}1 ]
BROWN BEAR
POPULATION
REGULATING
FACTORS
AVAILABILITY OF FOOD
(VEGETATION AND MEAT)BROWN BEAR HARVEST BY MAN
ACCESS AND HUNTER
EFFORT
ALTERATIONS 0 F ACCESSALTERATIONSINMOOSEABUNDANCE
ALTERATIONS OF AVAILABLE VEGETATION
(I.E.INUNDATION VI A 1M POUNDMENT}
DENSITY OF BERRIES AND
OTH ER EDIBL E PLANTS
ACTIONS
CONCEIVABLY
AFFECTING
POPULATION
FACTORS
DETERMINANT
PROBABLE FACTORS REGULATING BROWN BEAR POPULATIONS IN THE
SUSfTNA BASIN AND ACTIONS THAT MIGHT AFFECT THESE POPULATIONS
FIGURE E.3.1I0
--1 'J 1 1
BLACK BEAR
POPU LATION
REGULATING
FACTORS
AVAILABILITY OF FOOD
(VEGETATION AN D MEAT)
AVAILABILITY OF FOREST
AND DEN SITES BLACK BEAR HARVEST BY MAN
ALTERATIONS 0 F ACCESS
DENSITY OF BEA RS AND AMOUNT
OF AVAILABLE FOREST
ALTERATIONS 0 F HABITAT
(I.E.INUNDATION VIA IMPOUNDMENT)
DENSITY OF BERRIES AND
OTHER EDIBLE PLANTS
ACTION S
CO NCEIVABLY
AFFECTING
POPULATION
FACTORS
DETERM INANT
PROBABLE FACTORS REGULATING BLACK BEAR POPULATIONS IN THE
SUSITNA BASIN AND ACTIONS THAT MIGHT AFFECT THESE POPULATIONS
FIG URE E.3 .III
~-l J -1 J 1 J 1
WOLF
POPULATION
REGULATING
FACTORS
AVAILABILITY OF FOOD WOLF HARVEST BY MAN
ACCESS AND FUR PRICEDENSITYOFCARIBOUDENSITYOFMOOSEFACTORS
DETERMINANT
ACTIONS
CONCEIVABLY
AFFECTING
POPULATION
ALTERATIONS OF HABITAT
(I.E.INUNDATION V IA 1M POUNDMENT)LOCATION OF W INTER HERDS A LTE RATIONS OF ACCESS
PROBABLE FACTORS REGULATING WOLF POPULATIONS IN THE
SUSITNA BASIN AND ACTIONS THAT MIGHT AFFECT THESE POPULATIONS
FIGURE E.3 .112
)J 1 1 ]
BEAVER
POPULATION
REGULATING
FACTORS
AVAILABILITY OF FOOD AVAILABILITY OF
SUITABLE HABITAT BEAVER HARVEST BY MAN
ACCESS AND FUR PRICE
ALTERATIONS OF ACCESS
PRESENCE OF OPEN WATER
UNDER ICE COlER
DENSITY OF COM PETITORS
(INCLUDING OTHER BEAVERS)
ALTERATIONS OF VELOCITY AND
VOLUME OF WATER
ACTIONS
CONCEIVABLY
AFFECTING
POPU LATIONS
FACTOR
DETERMINANT
PROBABLE FACTORS REGULATING BEAVER POPULATIONS IN THE
SUSITNA BASIN AND ACTIONS THAT MIGHT AFFECT THESE POPULATIONS
FIGURE E.3.113
J
MARTEN
1
POPULATION
REGULATING
FACTORS
AVAILABILITY OF
UNDERGOUND BURROWS AVAILABILI TY OF FOOD MARTEN HARVEST BY MAN
FACTORS
DETERMINANT
ACTIONS
CONCEIVABLY
AFFECTING
POPULATION
ALTERATIONS OF HABITAT
(I.E.CHANGE IN SUCCESSIONAL STAGE
OR IN UNDATION VI A IMPOUNDMENT)
ACCESS AND FUR VALUE
A LTE RATIONS OF ACCESS
PROBABLE ~TORS REGULATING MARTEN POPULATIONS IN THE
SUSITNA BASIN AND ACTIONS THAT MIGHT AFFECT THESE POPULATIONS
FIGURE E.3.114
-~l ~l 1 ')],..···1 ~-.~
GOLDEN BALD GYR-G05-
EAGLE EAGLE FALCON HAWK RAVEN
3900t I-GE-IO"-I 1190
1 ~GE-7"*I I I I
19 46
25001:I I-BE-6 I I I ~763
R-I
~I;."'&,, •
2300 NORMAL MAXIMUM OPERATING 702
~VEL:I:~___;1_BE-I GYR-I ~....
!!:.-R-2BE-2 --z~0
j:;t=:R-3)641 ~~2100 -----7----R-5 L&J~NORMAL MINIMUM R-12 ...J
L&J tRAWDOWN LEVEL-R"'4*IJJ
2095 FT R-6
1900 l BE-3 i 580
GE-4 R-II
GE-5 ·BE-4 ~ItR-7GE-6
1700 t-I h GE-8)~S I-R-8 -I 519
GE-9 BE-5.-R-g)
R-IO
1500 L I PRESENT WIITER LEVEL lIT DAM SITE I I I I I -t 458
I 1 I I I I I I I I
APR OCT APR OCT APR OCT
JAN JUN JAN JUN JAN JUN *CORRECT ELEVATION FOR R-4 UNCLEAR
1987 1991 1992 1993 **NESTING LOCATION NOT WITHIN WATANA
WATER LEVEL DURING FILLING IMPOUNDMENT
ELEVATIONS OF RAPTOR AND RAVEN NESTS IN THE VICINITY OF THE WATANA
IMPOUNDMENT AREA IN RELATION TO FILLING AND OPERATION WATER LEVELS
FIGURE E.3.115
~)-1 1
2000
ISOO
1600
'j::
I.L-z 1400
0
~
~
W
...J 1200w
1000
800
600
GOLDEN BALD GYRFALCON GOSHAWK RAVENEAGLEEAGLE
-}GE -17 ~GYR-31t -
GYR-2
]GE-15
}BE-7*'~-14
--GOS-"3 -13 -
R-15
)GE-II
MAXIMUM FLOOD LEVEL
1465 FT~~-}GE-16 NORMAL MAXIMUM
J~E·':14':":·....................................:-.R-:I~.........~~~~~:I.N.G.•~~~~~:-.'~~.~i:........_.-------_._-=005='"2--R-16 R-17 •~--------GE-13 '*--GE=i2)-------~--~-------R-IS,R-21 N;';~;NI~;---7-
DRAWDOWN LEVEL 1405 FT
--R-20 -
-GE-IS*
-PRESENT WATER LEVE L -_.-..._._.-._._.-._._.-_._.._._._.-~~T~~~~E::::-:--:.....•_._
--
-BE-S*'
--
-
610
549
488
:E-
427 z
0
~>W
..Jw
366
305
244
IS3
*NESTING LOCATION NOT WITHIN DEVIL CANYON IMPOUNDMENT
CHANGES IN ELEVATION OF THE DEVIL CANYON RESERVOIR DURING
OPERATION AND ELEVATIONS OF RAPTOR AND RAVEN NESTS IN THE
PROXIMITY OF THE IMPOUNDMENT ZONE
FIGURE E.3.116
18o
LEGEND:
4 8 12
,
",,,
\
,\,
14
YEARS
22 26 30
ASPEN,VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
BIRCH,VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
BIRCH,SEED REPRODUCTION
WILLOW,SEED REPRODUCTION
WILLOW.VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
RELATIVE AMOUNTS OF MOOSE BROWSE AVAILABLE
COMPARED WITH THE TIME SINCE FiRE OR
OTHER DISTURBANCE IN INTERIOR ALASKA
SOURCE:WOLFF AND ZASADA 1979 FIGURE E.3.117
NESTING PLATFORM
l PERSPECTIVE)
LOCATION OF NEST
DEPENDENT ON SUN
ANGLE.
FRONT VIEW
t-a"r10000~
0 0 0 0 o 7"r-~=0 6 0 0 0 tl3~·"
0 0 0 o ~-1
~
°0 0 Do 00
....a"
~
14"=1
_____~Ul _
/
/
/
/
SIDE /~Ay/
v/
/
//SIDE
/
/
/
/
BASE
)4 ~.,
(BASIC DIMENSIONS)
It "3/2 =0.09m =08.89 em
7"=0.18m =17 .78cm
e"=O.20m=20.32 em
12"=0.30m=30.48 em
14 11 =0.36m=35.56em
4'=1.22m
e'=2.44m
-.
ADAPTED FROM NELSON a NELSON 1977.
CUTTING PATTERN
EAGLE NESTING PLATFORMS
TO BE PROVIDED ON TRANSMISSION TOWERS
EXCERPTED FROM OL.£NDORFF at al.1981 FIGURE E.3 .118
~PHASE CONDUCTOR
~411GAP
1....":11----GROUND WIRE ABOVE FIRST GAP
NOT EFFECTIVE EXCEPT FOR
LIGHTNING SPARk OVER
4"GAP ---t-...~.~
NEUTRAL J
CONDUCTOR
GROUND WIRE GAPPING
DESIGNED TO PROTECT RAPTORS FROM ELECTROCUTION
EXCERPTED FROM OLENDORFF et 01.1981 FIGURE E.3.119
\
55"MlN.
ALTERNATE
NEUTRAL
POSITION --IL--II~ftI7::l
PREFERRED
NEUTRAL
POSITION
ARMLESS CONFIGURATIONS
DESIGNED TO PROTECT RAPTORS FROM ELECTROCUTION
EXCERPTED FROM~OLENDORFF et 01.1981 FIGURE E.3.120
INSULATED OR
COVERED JUMPERS
THREE-PHASE
TRANSFORMER BANK ---~
....-L1GHTNING ARRESTER
~FUSED CUTOUT
201 -0"
MIN.TO GROUND
r
I,
INSTALLATION OF TRANSFORMER EQUIPMENT
TO PROVIDE FOR RAPTOR PERCHING
EXCERPTED FROM OLEN DORFF et 01.1981 FIGURE E.3.121
WOODEN OR FIBERGLASS
CROSSARM BRACES
T
4011
__L
ONE OR TWO AS REQUIRED
BY CONDUCTOR SPACING
NEUTRAL POSITION ---............1
RAPTOR PROTECTOR
SEE DETAIL II All
FRAYED GUY WIRE
PERCHING GUARD
DETAIL II A II
PERCH GUARDS
DESIGNED TO PROTECT RAPTORS FROM ELECTROCUTION
EXCERPTED FROM OLENDORFF et 01.1981 FIGURE E.3.122
r"'1
I
r
r
i
I
-----16"MAXIMUM TO PREVENT
PERCHING..IF GREATER THAN 16 1
:
U.SE SOME BARRIER TO
PREVENT PERCHING ON CROSSARM,
AS SHOWN BELOW.
ELEVATED PERCH CONSTRUCTION
DESIGNED TO PROTECT RAPTORS FROM ELECTROCUTION
EXCERPTED FROM OLENDORFF et 01.1981 FIGURE E.3.123