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SUSITNA HYDROE'LECTRIC PROJECT
WATER QUALITY
ANNUAIL REPORT'
.1980'
A'PRIL nsf
"---~ALASKA POWER AUTHORI,TY ~
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1425
.S8
A23
no.461
PREPARfO BY'PREPARED FOR:
[iii]
""'"I
ALASKA POWER AUTHOR ITY
SUSITNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
TASK 3 -HYDROLOGY
WATER QUALITY ANNUAL REPORT -1980
APRI L 1981
Prepared for :
ACRES AMERICAN INCORPORATED
1000 Liberty Bank Building
Buffalo /New York 14202
Telephone:(716)853-7525
Prepared by:.
R&M CONSULTANTS/INC.
5024 Cordova Street
Anchorage/Alaska 99503
Telephone:(907)279-0483
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ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY
SUSITNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
TASK 3 -HYDROLOGY
WATER QUALITY ANNUAL REPORT -1980
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
PREFACE
1 -INTRODUCTION
2 -SUMMARY OF 1980 WATER QUALITY PROGRAM
PAGE
ii
iii
1
1
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
Water Quality Data Collection Procedures Manual
1980 Water Quality Data Collection
Watana Continuous Water Quality Monitor
Summary of Existing Data
1
1
2
2
-
,.....
3 -RECOMMENDATIONS FOR 1981 WATER QUALITY
DATA COLLECTION
ATTACHMENT A
WATER QUALITY DATA COLLECTION,PROCEDURES
MAN UAL,JU LY 1980
- i -
2
LIST OF TABLES
Number Title
TABLE 1 Water Quality Data -Susitna River near
Cantwell
TABLE 2 Suspended Sediment Analysis-September 5,
1980.Susitna River near Cantwell
TABLE 3 Suspended Sediment Analysis -September 17,
1980.Susitna River near Cantwell
TABLE 4 Suspended Sediment Analysis -October 18,
1980.Susitna River near Cantwell
TABLE 5 Suspended Sediment Analysis -January 13,
1981.Susitna River near Cantwell
TABLE 6 Water Quality Data -Susitna River at Gold
Creek
TABLE 7 Suspended Sediment Analysis -October 16,
1980.Susitna River at Gold Creek
TABLE 8 Suspended Sediment Analysis -January 14,
1981.Susitna River at Gold Creek
TABLES 9 -12 USGS Water Quality Data Summaries
9 -Susitna River near Denali
10 -Susitna River near Cantwell
11 -Susitna River at Gold Creek
12 -Susitna River at Sunshine
-ii -
-
-
Page -
5
I!!!I!I\'
8
9
10 -
11
12 II'II'I"
15
~
16 -
17
20 -
23
26 -
,-
-
PREFACE
This final version of the original 1980 Water Quality Annual Report
is essentially unchanged.The on Iy modifications are incorporation
of two items:(1)an addendum to Section 3,which was released
with the original report as an addendum;and (2)a number of
corrected data tables,which had been modified by a memo dated
May 5,1981.
March 1982
-iii -
....
SUSITNA HYDRO~LECTRIC PROJECT
ANNUAL REPORT
WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT
1 -INTRODUCTION
This report presents a summary of work accomplished pertaining to
water quality by R&M Consultants,Inc.during the first year of
theSusitna Hydroelectric Project and recommendations for the
second year.
Work accomplished during the first year is broadly divided into:
(1)Procedures Manual,(2)Water Quality Data Collection,(3)
Literature Review.
2 -SUMMARY OF 1980 WATER QUALITY PROGRAM
2.1 -Water Quality Data Collection Procedures Manual
The water quality data collection procedures manual was completed
and submitted to Acres American,Inc.in July 1980 and is
presented in Appendix A.The only significant deviation to the
water quality monitoring program as described in the manual is
relative to organic carbon.Total organic carbon and total
inorganic carbon were not routinely analyzed.Consequently~
there are few data points for these parameters.
2.2 -1980 Water Quality Data Collection
Water quality data were collected during summer at the Vee Canyon
site four times (Table 1)and once at Gold Creek (Table 6).
Detailed suspended solids analyses were performed on two sets of
samples collected using a depth integrated sampler at the Vee
Canyon site during summer (Tables 2 and 3).Winter sampling was
conducted during October 1980 and January 1981 at both sites.
The water quality data are presented in Table 1 (Vee Canyon)and
Table 6 (Gold Creek),and the detailed suspended sediment data
are presented in Tables 4 and 5 (Vee Canyon)and Tables 7 and 8
(Gold Creek).It should be noted that suspended solids
concentrations presented In the tables of water quality data are
not comparable to the suspended solids concentrations presented in
the tables of detailed suspended sediment analyses because of
differing collection techniques.The detailed suspended sediment
analyses are representative of the entire water column since the
samples were collected using a depth integrated sampler.
s14/e - 1 -
2.3 -Watana Continuous Water Quality Monitor
A continuous water quality monitor,recording the date and time as
well as temperature,pH,oxidation reduction potential,dissolved
oxygen,conductivity,and temperature -corrected conductivity,
was established near the Watana site in October 1980.A computer
program to process the data tapes is currently under development
by the supplier of the instrument,and it will provide summaries of
the data on a daily and a monthly basis.The probe assembly is
scheduled to be removed -From the river just prior to breakup and
re-installed as soon after breakup as practicable.
2.4 -Summary of Existing Data
A review of existing water quality data resulted in a compilation of
historical U.S.Geological Survey (USGS)data from four sites on
the Susitna River.Tables 9 through 12 present the maximum,
minimum,and mean values and number of observations for
parameters measured by the USGS at the following stations:Near
Denali,Vee Canyon,Gold Creek,and Sunshine.Five Alaska
Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G)reports,published between
1974 and 1978,were reviewed for water quality data.These
reports were primarily concerned with fish distribution and
secondarily with water quality.The water quality data contained
in these reports has not been summarized because most of it deals
with sloughs and tributaries of the Susitna.
The R&M Field Data Index,first published in July,1980,and
revised in January,1981,identifies data that have been collected
by the USGS and others on the Susitna River and its tributaries.
Names of sites and periods of record are given for locations where
water quality,water temperature,and suspended sediment data are
available.Appendix C of the index highlights the ADF&G reports
prepared from 1974-1977.
3 -RECOMMENDATIONS FOR 1981 WATER QUALITY DATA
COLLECTION
The same sample locations utilized during the 1980 water quality
monitoring program will be used during 1981.Samples will be
collected at Vee Canyon and Gold Creek during the following
periods:
-
~,
-
~.
s14/e
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Spring breakup
Summer low-flow
Summer after a heavy rainstorm
Immediately prior to freeze-up
Winter Jow-flow
- 2 -
-
An objective of the 1981 program will be to sample the spring
snowmelt and summer rainstorm flood events,during the rising and
falling limbs of the hydrograph.These should produce three to
five sampling points during each event which will provide an
opportunity to determine the variance in short-term water qualIty.
All field parameters will continue to be measured.Although
settleable solids have been 0.1 mill or less,another summer1s
worth of data should be collected to insure that this parameter is
determined during a variety of hydrologic events.
AU of the nitrogen and phosphate forms,chloride,color,
hardness,sulfate,TDS i TSS,and turbidity will be measured.It
is also recommended that COD values be determined because of two
high values measured during lastyear1s program.
SinceaJl four measurements of uranium were below the detection
limit,this parameter will be eliminated.Gross Alpha radioactivity
wilt also be eliminated because the values at both sample stations
were less than 15 pCi/l,the drinking water standard.
Total organic carbon and total inorganic carbon will be determined
during all sample periods because these parameters were only
measured once at each sample station last year.These parameters
were added subsequent to initiation of the water quality program
last year at the request of Acres American,Inc.
The sampting frequency for organic chemicals will be reduced for
this year1s program.During 1980,the concentrations of pesticides
were essentially at or below their respective detection limits for
the procedures used by Chemical Be Geological Laboratories of
Alaska,Inc.The detection limits for these parameters match the
drinking water standards,but are really not low enough to meet
the criteria for freshwater aquatic life.Therefore,it is
recommended that a PCB and pesticide scan be run on samples
collected at the two sites during the summer high-water and
summer low-water periods.This ,scan will quantify PCBls,
chlorinated hydrocarbons,and pHienoxy acids,the organic
chemicals of interest in the study area that appear on EPAls list of
priority pollutants.
The ICAP Scan will be continued because many of the elements
measured by this method exceed their detection limits.These
include aluminum,barium,calcium,iron,potassium,magnesium,
manganese,sodium,silicon,strontium,titanium,and tungsten.It
is also important to note that Chemical &Geological Laboratories of
Alaska,Inc.analyzes all 33 elements in the scan for $50.00,less
than the cost to analyze six of the above using different
procedures.Since the detection limits for many of the remaining
parameters are not low enough to determine thei r impact on
freshwater aquatic life,it is recommended that the following
s14/e - 3 -
parameters be analyzed at both sample stations during the summer
low-water period and during the winter low-water period using
techniques that provide appropriate detection limits:Arsenic,
boron,cadmium,chromium,copper,lead,mercury,nickel,
selenium,silver,strontium,vanadium,and zinc.Additionally,
beryllium and cyanide should be determined at the same time as
arsenic,etc.,using techniques that provide detection limits that
will enable a determination of their potential effects on freshwater
aquatic life.
The concentrations of suspended sediment during the winter were
extremely low at both sites (and have been historically,according
to USGS figures).Hence,depth~integrated sediment sampling will
be discontinued after freeze-up in 1981.However J the total
suspended solids data reported with the water quality parameters
will continue to be collected.
Il!itffi',
-
l!-~_
s14/e - 4 -
I~
susi4/e
TABLE I
WATER QUALITY DATA -SUSITNA RIVER
NEAR CANTWELL (VEE CANYON SITE)
.-DATE SAMPLED
r"""Field Parameters (1)Date Date Date
Date Date Date
6/19/80 8/8/80 9/5/80 9/17/80 10/17/80 1/13/81
.-
Dissolved Oxygen 12.4 8.7 9.7 13.8 10.7
Pe;rcent Saturation 98 82 84 104 84
pH,pH Units 7.8 7.9 7.8 7.6 7.6 7.2
Conductivity,umhos/cm @ 25°C 144 171 124 142 242
.-Temperature,°C 5.7 9.3 5.3 5.9 -0.1 0.1
Free Carbon Dioxide (2)2.0 l.7 3.6 4.5 5.5 22.0
,-Alkalinity,as CaC0 3
47 .54 81 63 88 187
Settleable Solids,mill 0.1 <0.1 <0."<0.1 ~0.1 «0.1
r-(1)(3)Laboratorv Parameters.
Ammonia Nitrogen 0.26 0.10 <0.05 0.26 <0.05
Organic.Nitrogen <0.1 0.22 0;62 0.28 0.85
Kjetdahl Nitrogen 0.26 0.32 0.62 0.54 0.85
Nitrate Nitrogen 0.19 0.15 0.15 0.09 <0.10 <0.1
r;'!:mJIII
Nitrite Nitrogen <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01.
Total Nitrogen 0.45 0.47 0.71 0.54 0.85
Ortho-Phosphate <0.01 0.03 0.05 <0.05 <0.01 <0.01
tio~
Total Phosphate 0.05 0.03 0.09 0.10 <0.01 0.07
AI kalinity 66·106
Chemical Oxygen Demand 28 12.6 124 156 6 12
Chloride 3 9 11 8 18 18
Conductivity umhos/em @ 25 DC -ISO 190 I-!+b
Color Units 40 10 45 10 10'True Color,
CaC0 3
(4)51 76 69 55 90 121
,~·~I Hardness,as
- 5 -
,.'.....
.....
laboratory Parameters (1)(3)(continued)
8/8/80 9/5/80 9/17/80 10/17/80 1/L:I/I
6/l9/80
~
Sulfate 4 9 9 7 13 16
Total Dissolved Solids 70 90 114 38 115 149
Total Suspended Solids 242 310 25 132 8.3 0.-
Turbidity,NTU 94 97 10 33 1.8 0•.:15
Uranium <0.05 <0.A15
Radioactivity,Gross Alpha,pCi/1 11.6±0.6 10.3+0 )
.Total Organic Carbon 23 _
Total Inorganic Carbon -21_-106
Organic Chemicals
~!
Endrin <0.0001 <0.\Ii
lindane <0.001 <0.00'
Methox ych lor .<0.05 <0.-'
Toxaphene <0.001 <0.(..,,2
2,4-D _"':'.,J'_<0.05 <0."'""',.I
2,4,5-TP Silvex <0.005 <O.C
ICAP Scan
~',
Ag,Silver <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.0
AI,Aluminum 1.6 <0.1 0.28 2.2 0.18 <0.05
<0.05 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
1Iiif$;
As,Arsenic <0.1 <0.1
Au,Gold <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.0:5
B,Boron <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.0.'"
Ba,Barium <0.1 0.11 <0.05 0.07 <0.05 <O.O~
Bi,Bismuth <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
Ca,Calcium 13 16 22 18 28 36
Cd,Cadmium <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Co,Cobalt <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <O.O~
Cr,Chromium <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.0:
Cu,Copper <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <o.05
Fe,Iron 2.1 4.0 0.46 2.7 0.37 <0.0:
Hg,Mercury <0.05 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
K,Potassium <1.0 2.3 2.1 5.0 <1.0 2
Mg/Magnesium 1.4 3.4 3.1 1.2 4.5 7.6
Mn,Manganese <0.05 0.10 <0.05 0.07 <0.05 <O.O!
Mo,Molybdenum <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <O.O!
susi4/e -6-
Laboratory Parameters (1)(3)(continued)
6/19/80 8/8/80 9/5/80 9/17/80 10/17/80 1/13/81
Na,Sodium 2.6 2.4 5.1 3.5 7.2 6.6
"...Ni,Nickel <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
-<0.05Pb,Lead <0.05 .<0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
Pt,Platinum <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.10 <0.05 <0.05
,~
Sb,Antimony <0.1 <0.1 <0.05 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
Se,Selenium <0.05 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1,-Si,Silicon .4.8 5.3 3.6 6.9 4.1 5.0
Sn,Tin <0.1 .<0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0,1
Sr,Strontium <0.05 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.10 0.13
Ti,Titanium 0.13 0.24 <0.05 0.17 <::0.05 <0.05
WI Tungsten <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
,<0.1 0.4
V I Vanadium <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
Zn,Zinc <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
Zr,Zirconium <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
-
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Table values are mg/l unless noted otherwise.
All values for free CO 2 determined from nomograph on p.297 of Standard
Method,14th edition.
Samples for all parameters except chemical oxygen demand,dissolved and
suspended solids,and turbidity were filtered.
Hardness calculated by R&M personnel.
-7-
susi4/e
TABLE 2
SUSPENDED SEDIMENT ANALYSIS -September 5,1980
SUSITNA RIVER NEAR CANTWELL (VEE CANYON SITE)
51 ZE t Microns
---~----------------COUNT/sq mm ~%---------------
SAMPLE 4 SAMPLE 9 SAMPLE 14
<1-5
5-10
10-20
20-50
>50
3207-99.57
7 -0.22
4 -0.12
1 -0.03
2 -0.06
2335-98.52
23-0.97
6-0.25
1-0.04
5-0.22
1779-97.21
26 -1.42
12 -0.66
7 -0.38
6 -0.33
Mi II ig rams/Liter
SAMPLE NO.DATE/TIME STATION*INT.TIME SUSPENDED SOLIDS ~
1 9-5-80 5:15 p.m.o +15 49 sec 33
2 9-5-80 5:26 p.m.a +35 42 sec 36 -,
3 9-:-5-80 5:30 p.m.o +55 42 sec 35
4 9-5-80 5:35 p.m.o +75 42 sec 54 ~
5 9-5-80 5:45 p.m.o +95 40 sec 63
6 9-5-80 5:50 p.m.1 +15 44 sec 36 .,,-
7 9-5-80 5:55 p.m.1 +35 44 sec 68
.8 9-5-80 6:00 p.m. 1 +55 44 sec 62
9 9-5-80 6:05'p.m.1 +75 52 sec 74 -
10 9-5-80 6:08 p.m.1 +95 52 sec 68
11 9-5-80 6:10 p.m.2 +15 48 sec 73 ~
12 9-5-80 6:13 p.m.2 +35 42 sec 72
13 9-5-80 6:15 p.m.2 +55 48 sec 78 ~
14 9-5-80 6:20 p.m.2 +75 48 sec 84
15 9-5-80 6:25 p.m.2 +95 50 sec 67
16 9-5-80 6:30 p.m.3 +15 48 sec 82
17 9-5-80 6:35 p.m.3 +35 51 sec 53
18 9-5-80 6:45 p.m.3 +55 80 sec 56
*Right Bank (edge of water)is at Station 0+05.
Left Bank (edge of water)is at Station 3+85.
susi4/d -8-
-
-
.-
-~
TABLE 3
SUSPENDED SEDIMENT ANALYSIS -September 17,1980
SUSITNA RIVER NEAR CANTWELL (VEE CANYON SITE)
Particle Size Distribution,Microns (%)
Sample No.SAMPLE DESCR IPTION <5 5-10 10-20 20-50 >50
3 Sta 0+70,9-17-80,5:46 p.m.98.53 0.96 0.30 0.15 0.06
8 Sta 1+70..9-17-80,6:11 p.m.98.83 0.44 0.23 0.10 0.40
13 Sta 2+QO,-9-17-80,6:19 p.m.99.19 0.30 0.10 0.07 0.34
-Milligrams/Liter
SAMPLE NO.DATE/TIME STATION*INT.TIME SUSPENDED SOLIDS
~
1 9-17-80 5:30 p.m..0 +30 30 sec 167
2 9-17-80 5:39 p.m.o +50 50 sec 170
:~3 9-17-80 5:46 p.m.o +70 55 sec 174
4 9-17-80 5:48 p.m.o +90 55 sec 185
~5 9-17-80 5:51 p.m.1 +10 55 sec 196
6 9-17-80 6:06 p.m.1 +30 36 sec 425
7 9-17-80 6:09 p.m.1 +50 36 sec 325
8 9-17-80 6:11 p.m.1 +70 30 sec 331
9 9-17-80 6:13 p.m.1 +90 30 sec 218
!Iti'lil\il 10 9-17-80 6:14 p.m.2 +10 30 201sec
11 9-17-80 6:16 p.m.2 +30 30 sec 513
,......12 9-17-80 6:18 p.m.2 +50 30 sec 169
13 9-17-80 6:19 p.m.2 +70 30 sec 436
~14 9-17-80 6:21 p.m.2 +90 35 sec 418
15 9-17-80 6:23 p.m.3 +10 35 sec 591
16 9-17-80 6:24 p.m.3 +30 35 sec 322 .
-.
17 9-17-80 6:26 p.m.3 +50 40 sec 342
18 9-17-80 6:30 p.m.3 +70 45 sec 163
~~19 9-17-80 6:35 p.m.3 +85 60 sec 300
*Right edge of water is at Station 0+00.
Left edge of water is at'Station 4+00.
susi4/d -9-
misc.6/tl
WATER QUALITY ANNUAL REPORT
TABLE 4
Suspended Sediment Analysis -October 18,1980
Susitna River Near Car:ltwell (Vee Canyon Site)
------------':"------Particle Site Distribution-%-------------------
-
S.ize Microns Sample 3 Sample 6 Sample 9
<5 77.0 82.6 79.5
5-10 12.7 8.1 15.5
10-20 5.4 4.5 3.2
20-50 4.4 4.2 1.2>50 0.5 0.6 0.6----
100.0%100.0%100.0%
~'!
Milligrams/Liter
Sample No.Date/Time Station*Int.Time Suspended Sol ids
1 10-18-80/12:30 p.m.0+07 120 sec.6.0
2 10-18-80/12:35 p.m.0+36 90 sec.6.6
3 10-18-80/12:40 p.m.0+70 75 sec.4.8
4 10-18-80/12:43 p.m.1+05 60 sec.4.2
5 10-18-80/12:49 p.m.1+38 60 sec.4.6
6.10-18-80/12:51 p.m.1+74 60 sec.6.3
7 10-18-80/12:55 p.m.2+07 72 sec.4.4
8 10-18-80/12:59 p.m.2+38 72 sec.5.0
9 10-18-80/1:02 p.m.2+73 72 sec.7.7
10 10-18-80/1:06 p.m.3+08 80 sec.7.4
11 '10-18-80/1:10 p.m.3+39 80 sec.5.8
'""',
""".
*Right edge of water is at Station 0+00.
Left edge of water is at.Station 3+78.
-10-
I~
misc.6/t2
WATER QUALITY ANNUAL REPORT
TABLE 5
Suspended Sediment Analysis -January 13,1981
Susitna River Near Cantwell (Vee Canyon Site)
Particle Size Distribution
Sample No.11
Size,Microns
.<10
10-20
20-50
.50-100
>100
Count/S9.mm
1600
15
5
2
o
98.7
0.9
0.3
0.1
O.
100.0%
'"""'
MUlig rams/liter
Sample No.Date/Time Station Int.Time Suspended Sol i ds
10 1-13-81/2:20 p.m.Left bank 40 sec.0.1
11 1-13-81/2:30 p.m.Center 40 sec.1.0
12 1-13-81/2:35 p.m.Right bank 54 sec.1.7
-11-
susi4/e6
TABLE 6
WATER QUALITY DATA -SUSITNA RIVER
AT GOLD CREEK
DATE SAMPLED
Field Parameters (1)Date
08/08/80
~
10/14/80
~
1/14/81-
-Dissolved Oxygen
Percent Saturation
pH,pH Units
Conductivity,umhos/cm @ 25°C
Temperature,°c
Free Carbon Dioxide (2)
Alkalinity,as CaC0 3
Settleable Solids,mill
8.6
81
7.8
169
11.7
2.1
55
<0.1
14.0
100
7.8
167
0.0
3.2
74
«0.1
13.3
101
7.1
249
0.3
23.0 """
144
«0.1 _
Laboratory Parameters (1)(3)
<0.05
0.81 -
0.81
"
..
0.18 """
<0.01
0.99 ...
<0.01·
<0.01
90
16
29
10
121
0.32
0.34
0.66
<0.10
<0.01
0.66
<:0.01
<0.01
57
8
16
165
10
74
0.18
13.8
14
45
62
<0.02
<0.02
Ammonia Nitrogen
Organic Nitrogen
Kjeldahl Nitrogen
Nitrate Nitrogen
Nitrite Nitrogen
Total Nitrogen
Ortho-Phosphate
Total Phosphate
Alkalinity,as CaC0 3
Chemical Oxygen Demand
Chloride
Conductivity I umhos/cm @ 25°C
True Color I Color Units .
Hardness,as CaC0 3
-12-
·081°8/80.fleld Parameters (1)(3)(continued)
Gold Creek (cant.)
10/14/80 1/14/81
.-
r~
:~
-
Sulfate
Total Dissolved Solids
Total Suspended So!ids
Turbidity,NTU
Uranium
Radioactivity,Gross Alpha,pCi/l
Total Organic Carbon
Total Inorganic Carbon
Organic Chemicals
Endrin
Lindane
Methoxychlor
Toxaphene
2,4-0
2,4,5-TPSilvex
.ICAP Scan
Ag,Silver
AI,Aluminum
As,Arsenic
Au,Gold
B,Boron
Ba,Barium
Bi,Bismuth
Ca,Calcium
Cd,Cadmium
Co,Cobalt
Cr,Chromium
Cu,Copper
Fe,Iron
Hg,Mercury
K,Potassium
Mg,Magnesium
Mn,Manganese
12
74
175
58
<0.05
2.6±O.4
<0.0001
<0.001
<0.05
<0.001
<0.05
<0.005
<0.05
0.7
<0.1
<0.05
<0.05
0.08
<0.05
15
<0.01
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
2.3
<0.1
1.8
2.7
0.05
-13-
10
100
7.7
0.9
<0.05
0.18
<0.1
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
23
<0.01
<0.05
<:0.OS
<0.05
0.35
<0.1
<1
3.7
<0.05
16
188
<'1
0.30
<'0.05
<0.000
<0.004
<0.1
<0.005
<0.1
<0.01
<0.05
<0.05
<0.1
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
0.07
32
<0.01
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.1
2
10
<0.05
(cont.)~
Gold Creek
Field Parameters (1)(3)(continued)08/08/80 10/14/80 1/14101
~.
Mo,Molybdenum <0.05 <0.05 <0.(
Na,Sodium 3.3 8.5 13 .,
Ni,Nickel <0.05 <:0.05 <O.(
Pb,Lead <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
Pt ,Platinum <0.05 <0.05 ."~<O.C
Sb ,Antimony <0.10 <0.1 <0.1
Se,Selenium <0.1 <0.1 <O.l""'!'
Si I Silicon 4.6 4.2 5.0
Sn,Tin <0.1 <:0.1 <0.1_
Sr,Strontium <0.05 0.11 0.1
Ti,Titanium 0.14 <0.05 <0.05-W,Tungsten <1.0 <0.1 <0.1
V,Vanadium <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
Zn,Zinc <0.05 <0.05 <0.0:""
Zr ,Zirconium <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
.....
(1 )
(2)
(3)
(4)
Table values are mg/I unless noted otherwise.
All values for free CO 2 determined from nomograph on p.297 of Standard
Method,14th edition.
Samples for all parameters except chemical oxygen demand l dissolved and
suspended solids,and turbidity were filtered.
Hardness calculated by R&M personnel.
...
..
susi4/e8 -14-
misc.6/t3
WATER QUALITY ANNUAL REPORT
TABLE 7
Suspended Sediment Analysis -October 16,1980
Susitna River at Gold Creek
-------------------Particle Size Distribution-%-------------------
5.ize Microns Sample 2 Sample 5 Sample 8
<5 77.4 78.1 74.1
5-10 13.2 11.6 13.4
10-20 5.6 7.4 6.4
20-50 3.3 2.3 .5.7
>50 0.5 0.6 0.4--
100.0%100.0%100.0%
Milligrams/liter
Sample No.Date/Time Station*Int.Time Suspended Solids
1 10-16-80/4:22 p.m.12+45 120 sec.8.4
2 10-16-80/4:28 p.m.12+76 90 sec.9.0
3 10-16-80/4:34 p.m.13+11 54 sec.9.2
4 10-16-80/4:40 p.m.13+46 40 sec.7.2
5 10-16-80/4:43 p.m.13+81 48 sec.11.0
6 10-16-80/4:48 p.m.14+16 49 sec.8.0
7 10-16-80/4:54 p.m.14+51 60 sec.7.8
8 10-16-80/5:01 p.m.14+86 68 sec.8.0
9 10-16-80/5:05 p.m.15+21 100 sec.1.2
-
*Left edge of water is at Station 12+01.
Right edge of water is at Station 15+64.
-15-
misc.6/t4
WATER QUALITY ANNUAL REPORT
TABLE 8
Suspended Sediment Analysis -January 14,1981
Susitna River at Gold Creek
Particle Size Distribution
Sample No.4
Size,Microns Count/Sq.mm %
<10 96 80.0
10-20 9 7.5
20-50 11 9.2
50-100 3 2.5
>100 1 0.8*
100.0%
...
Mill igrams/Liter
Sample No.Date/Time Station*Int.Time Suspended Solids
4 1-14-81/3:00 p.m.Left bank 55 sec.0.4
5 1-14-81/3:15 p.m.Center 70 sec.10.6
6 1-14-81/3:35 p.m.Right bank 120 sec.10.4
*There were a few specimens of fibrous material approximately
1000 microns in length.
-16-
-
WATER QUALITY DATA SUMMARY
SUSITNA RIVER
Ag~ncy:u.s.Geological Survey
Station:Nr.Denali .Elevation:2440 Ft.
1957-1978
TABLE 9
Field Parameters (1)MAXIMUM MINIMUM MEAN
NUMBER
OBSERVATIONS
i~
Dissolved Oxygen
Percent Saturation
pH,pH Units
Conductivity,umhos/cm @ 25°C.
Temperature,°C
Free Carbon Dioxide
"AI kalinity,as CaC03
Settleable Solids,mill
Laboratory Parameters (1)
Summer/Winter
7.8/7.6 7.1/7.1 7.5/7.4 15/4
205/467 121/194 157/349 18/4
10.5/-0.5/-5.5/-50/-
s.8/2's 1.5/4.5 3.2/10.8 11/4
68/161 42/57 54/116 11/4
4.8/19.0
.....
Ammonia Nitrogen
Organic Nitrogen
Kjeldahl Nitrogen
Nitrate Nitrogen
Nitrite Nitrogen
Total Nitrogen
Ortha-Phosphate
Total Phosphate
Chemical Oxygen Demand
Chloride
True Color,Platinum-Cobalt Unit
Hardness,as CaC03
susi4/i4
.09/-
11.0/30.0
87/181"
-17-
.00/-
2.0/3.8
50/84·
.05/-
64/139
15/-
11/4
11/4
Laboratory Par'ameters (1)(continued)
MAXIMUM MINIMUM MEAN
~,
NUMBER
OBSERVATIONS_
Summer!Wi nter
Sulfate
Total Dissolved Solids
Total Suspended Solids
Turbidity,NTU
Uranium
Radioactivity,Gross Alpha,pCi/1
Total Organic Carbon
Total Inorganic Carbon
',Organic Chemicals
Endrin
Lindane
Methoxychlor
Toxaphene
2,4-0
2,4,5-TP Silvex
ICAP Scan
Ag,Silver
AI,Aluminum
As,,;Arsenic
Au,Gold
B,Boron
Ba,Barium
Bi,Bismuth
Ca,Calcium
Cd,Cadmium
Co,Cobalt
Cr,Chromium
CUr Copper
susi4/i/
23/39
120/270
5690/-
29/51
-18-.
9/31
72/109
85/-
17/23
15/36
91/204
1350/-
21/40
11/4
11/4
32/-
11/4
-
-
...
...
Table values are mg/I unless noted otherwise.
Laboratory Parameters (1).
Fe,Iron
Hg,Mercury
K,Potassium
Mg,Magnesium
Mn,Manganese
MO,Molybdenum
Na,Sodium
Ni,Nickel
Pb,Lead
Pt,Platinum
Sb,Antimony
Se,Selenium
Si,Silicon
Sn,Tin
Sr,Strontium
Ti,Titanium
W,Tungsten
V i Vanadium
Zn,Zinc
Zr,Zirconium
(1 )
NUMBER
MAXIMUM MINIMUM MEAN OBSERVATIONS
Summer/Winter
4.0/.06 0/0 1.0/.03 11/4
3.0/6.6 1.:3/3.6 2.5/5.8 11/4
3.8/16 1.7/6.2 3.1/9.3 11/4
.06/.02 0/.01 .008/.01 10/3-
10/23 2.1/3.8 4.3/15 11/4
susi4/i/
-19-
-
WATER QUALITY DATA SUMMARY
SUSITNA RIVER
Agency:
Station:Vee Canyon
(Nr.Cantwell)
1962-1972
U.S.Geological Survey
Elevation:1900 Ft.
Field Parameters (1)
T1l.BLE 10
MAXIMUM MINIMUM MEAN
NUMBER
OBSERVATIONS
Summer Values Only
_--:::0.,:.•.::::,8;:::.8 ..;::0 •...;;0 '.:.:2:.:0:..-=.10.;;.....__
Dissolved Oxygen
Percent Satu ration
pH,pH Units
,Conductivity,umhos/cm @ 25°C
Temperature,°c
Free Carbon Dioxide
f'.lkalinity,as caC03
Settleable Solids,mill
Laboratory Parameters (1)
Ammonia Nitrogen
OrganiC;;",~itrogen
Kjeldaq"I".,Nitrogen
Nitrate Nitrogen
Nitri~e Nitrogen
Total,Nitrogen
Ortho-Phosphate
Total Phosphate
Chemical Oxygen Demand
Chloride
True Color,Platinum-Cobalt Unit
Hardness,as CaC03
susi4/i1
8.1
250
13.0
6.8
59
9.2
40
76
-20-
7.2
91
1.0
.7
39
2.,
5
42
7.7
150
7.7
2.6
51
5.5
14
62
10
25
38
10,
10
10
9
10
,.."..
susi4/i/-21-
Laboratory Pai-ameters (1)
Fe,Iron
Hg,Mercury
K,Potassium
Mg,Magnesium
Mn,Manganese
Mo,Molybdenum
Na,Sodium
Ni,Nickel
Pb,Lead
Pt,Platinum
Sb,Antimony
Se,Selenium
Si ,Silicon
Sn,Tin
Sr,Strontium
Ti,Titanium
W,Tcl'hgsten
V,Vanadium
Zn,Zinc
Zr,Zirconium
MAXIMUM
6.3
MINIMUM
2.1
MEAN
3.9
-
NUMBER
OBSERVATIONS
10
fIIIJf!iill:
(1 )Table values are mg/I unless noted otherwise.-
susi4/i/-22-
WATER QUALITY DATA SUMMARY
SUSITNA RIVER
Ag.ency:
Station:.Gold Creek
1949-1978
u.s.Geological Survey
Elevation:676.5 Ft.
Field Parameters (1)
TABLE 11
MAXIMUM MINIMUM MEAN
NUMBER
OBSERVATIONS
Dissolved Oxygen
Percent Saturation
pI;!,pH Units
Conductivity r umhos/cm @ 25°C
Temperature r °C
Free'Carbon Dioxide
Alkalinity,as CaC03
Settleable Solids,mill
Laboratory Parameters (1)
J 2 6/-1-
106/-/-
8.0/8.1/8.0
.227/300/121
13.5/0.5/8.0
20/16/24 \.
87/88/80
Summer/Winter/Break-up
11.1/-/- 12.0/-/-
96/-/-102/-/-
6.6/7.0/6.5 7.4/7.4/7.1
90/164/82 162/248/65
1.0/0.0/1.0 8.6/0.5/3.4
1.1/1.2/5.6 5.6/6.3/8.0
30/49/29 52/70/48
'3/-/":
3/-/-'
31/20/8
60/25/7
22/5/7
60/22/5
64/23/3
Ammonia Nitrogen
Organic Nitrogen
Kjeldahi Nitrogen
Nitrate Nitrogen ....:.~3~6~/....=..32...../'-.o.:l.2....9'-_~.i)~2:::../:...,;.:...l0~5~/....:.~0~5_.....:.".1:!:..:3':!.1./~.:..:!1:..:;4!L/....:.-=lo!.7_....;5::!.l8 =.t.!~2::.:!2:L/-=:3~_
Nitrite Nitrogen
Total Nitrogen
Ortho-Phosphate
Total Phosphate
Chemical Oxygen Demand
C h tori de ..;;;1=5....!.;;:.3=5/'-4.::.;.'-'5"---1~.4""/....:9./..:;:1:.;:..-=8__...;5;;.;.'-'4.1..;;2;.;:2"-/..:;;,3.;;;.•.;;;;,2_.......;6;.;;0;.<./..:;;,2..:;;,5.....1..;;4_
True Color r Platinum -Coba It Un it _2_°,;../_5=-/5_0 0_1_°..,;.1_1_0 8...;,1_3_._5,.;.1_2_8 5_2..;./_2_0_1_6_
Hardness,as CaC03 ...:;1;.;;O..;.7.:../.;.;.1::..14,;;.:/....;1;;..1.;.;3 35...:./_6~0::..:./....;3_2 6....;1~/....;9_7..;.1....;6_0 5_8..;.1_2_4..;..1_3_
susi4/i7 -23-
Laboratory Parameters (1)(continued)
MAXIMUM MINIMUM MEAN
-
"""'
NUMBER
OBSERVATIONS
Summer/Winter/B reak-up -
28/38/27 4/13/5.5 17/21/'6 63/22/2
,"""
134/167(70 51/102/48 93(149/55 59/26/4
2630/76/1330 23/1/120 832/18/652 59/8/11
~
pCi/1 50/-/-2.7/-/~20/-/-3/-/-
Sulfate
Total Dissolved Solids
Total Suspended Solids
Turbidity,NTU
Uranium
Radioactivity,Gross Alpha,
Total Organic Carbon•
Total Inorganic Carbon
>--,',-,"-;
Organic Chemicals
Endrin
Lindane
Methoxychlor
Toxaphene
2,4-0
2,4,5-TP Silvex
ICAP Scan
Ag,Silver
AI,Aluminum
As,Arsenic
Au,Gold
B,Boron
Ba,Barium
Bi,Bismuth
Ca,Calcium
Cd,Cadmium
Co,Cobalt
Cr,Chromium
Cu,Copper
susi4/i/
37/11(-
-24-
37/24/-19/30(-
-
58/26/-
...
r
Laboratory Parameters (1)
MAXIMUM MINIMUM MEAN
NUMBER
OBSERVATIONS
,....,
--
Fe,Iron
Hg,Mercury
K,Potassium
Mg,Magnesium
Mn,Manganese
Mo I Molybdenum
Na,Sodium
Ni,Nickel
Pb,Lead
Pt,Platinum
Sb,Antimony
Se,Selenium
Si,Silicon
Sn,Tin
Sr,Strontium
Ti,Titanium
W,Tungsten
V,Vanadium
Zn,Zinc
Zr,Zirconium
Summer!Winter/Break-up
.46/.03 0/0/-.16/.01 27/21/0
4.4/5.0/1.7 1.0/1.2/1.3 2.4/2.3/1.6 49/18/3
6.3/8.3/7.4 1.4/3.6/.3 3.3/5.7/2.5 55/27/4
.18/.0 0/0/-.010/0/-23/2/0
6.5/17.0/2.9 2.4/5.2/2.8 4.1/11.0/2.9 48/19/2
(1 )Table values are mg/I unless noted otherwise.
susi4/i9
-25-
--------~.------
WATER QUALITY DATA SUMMARY
SUSITNA RIVER
1iJ!II!Illil'-
Agency:
Station:Sunshine
1971-1977
u.S.Geological Survey
Elevation:270 ft.
""",
Field Parameters (1)
Dissolved Oxygen
Percent Saturation
pH,pH Units.
Conductivity,umhoslcm @ 25°C
Temperature,°C
Free Carbon Dioxide
Alkalinity,as CaC03
Settleable Solids,mill
....laboratory Parameters (1)
Ammonia Nitrogen
Organic Ni;tro.gen
Kjeldahl Nitr:o,gen
Nitrate Nitrogen
Nitrite Nitrogen
Total Nitrogen
Ortho-Phosphate
Total Phosphate
Chemical Oxygen Demand
Chloride
True Color,Platinum-Cobalt Unit
Hardness,as CaC0 3
susi4/i4
TABLE 12
MAXIMUM
12.8
102
7.6
170
12.0
3.9
43
.12
7.3
72
-26-
.00
2.7
37
-/.05
-/.18
-/.42
.07
5.3/21
54/91
~
4
~
3/1 ...
3/1
~
Laboratory Pal"ameters (1)(continued)
NUMBER
MAXIMUM MINIMUM MEAN OBSERVATIONS
Summer/Winter
.-
Sulfate 12 5.7 9.6/17 3/1
e-Total Dissolved Solids 51 102 77/137 3/1
-r:otal Suspended Solids 3510 288 1419 6
Turbidity,NTU
Uranium
Radioactivity I Gross Alpha,pCi/l
Total Organic Carbon
Total Inorganic Carbon
<?rganic Chemicals
Endrin
Lindane
Methoxychlor
~
Toxaphene
2,4-D
2,4,5-TP Silvex
ICAP Scan
Ag,Silver
.~AI,Aluminum
As,Arsenic
Au,Gold
B,Boron
Ba,Barium
"""Bi,Bismuth
Ca,Calcium 23 12 17/29 3/1
,.-Cd,Cadmium
Co,Cobalt
""Q Cr,Chromium
Cll,Copper
-
susi4/i5 -27-
Laboratory Parameters (1)
MAXIMUM MINIMUM MEAN
NUMBER
~
OBSERVATIONS
Fe,Iron .18
'-':1'Hg,Mercury
K,Potassium 2.8
Mg,Magnesium 3.5
Mn,Manganese .02
Mo,Molybdenum
Na,Sodium 4.4
Ni,Nickel
Pb,Lead
Pt,Platinum
Sb,Antimony
Se,Selenium
Si,Silicon
Sn,Tin
Sr,Strontium
Ti,Titanium
WI Tungsten
VI Vanadium
Zn,Zinc
Zr,Zirconium
Summer/Wi nter
.06
1.1
1.6
o
1.9
~i
.-
(1)Table values are mg/I unless noted otherwise.
susi4/i6
-28-
-
.~
-
s14/e
ATTACHMENT A
r
--
,
~}
SUSITNA HYDROELECTRIC
PROJECT
PROCEDURES MANUAL
WATER QUALITY DATA COLLECTION
JULY,1980
By
R&M Consultants,Inc.
For
Acres American,Incorporated
,-
.....
,....
.-
PROCEDURES FOR WATER QUALITY
DATA COLLECTION
1)PURPOSE
The aim of the data collection program is to provide basic water quality
information for fisheries studies,reservoi r studies and for the
establishment of baseline parameters on the Susitna River.From the
data,regional and local variations in water quality wilt be defined,as
well as seasonal variations as they relate to streamflow and climate.
This information can then be used to determine the effects that dam
construction,impoundment and regulated flow might have on water
quality upstream and downstream of the proposed damsites.
2)SAMPLING:LOCATIONS AND FREQUENCY
Tables 1 and 2 outline the proposed water quality data collection pro-
gram.The first table shows locations of data collection sites,para-
meters to be measured,frequency of observation and agencies collecting
the data.Table 2 lists field and laboratory·parameters to be collected
by R&M ar:d the U.S.Geological Survey.
A summary of additional comments on the data collection program follows
Table 2.
-1-
Table 1:PROPOSED WATER QUALITY DATA COLLECTION PROGRAM
STATION/LOCATION PARAMETER TIME-BETWEEN TO BE COLLECTED BY
OBSERVATIONS R&M USGS
Susitna River Water Quality Summer:J month X
Near Cantwell Winter:2-3 months
Water Temperature Continuous X
Susitna River at Water Quality Continuous Monitor X
Watana Damsite-
Susitna River at Water Quality Summer:1 month X X
Gold Creek Winter:2-3 months
I Chulitna River Water Temperature Continuous Monitor XN
I Near Talkeetna
Tal keetna River Water Quality Summer:1 month X
Near Talkeetna Winter:2-3 months
Susitna River Water Quality.Summer:1 month X
Near Sunshine Winter:2-3 months
Yentna River Water Temperature Continuous Monitor X
Near the mouth
Susitna River Water 'Quality Summer:1 month X
Near Susitna Winter:2-3 months
COMMENTS
See Table 2 for list of parameters
To begin Fall,1980
R&M to conduct event-oriented
sampling.
Data collection delayed until 1981
To begin late summer 1980
J I ...~I I J I J J ;j J )..~,I J
Table 2:
WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS TO BE MEASURED
-
PARAMETER
FIELD:
Dissolved Oxygen
pH ')
Specific Conductance
Temperature
Carbon Dioxide
Alkalinity
Settleable Solids
LABORATORY:
Turbidity
Total'Dissolved Solids
Total Suspended Solids
Total Phosphorous
Ortha-Phosphate
Kjeldahl Nitrogen
Total Nitrogen
Nitrate Nitrogen
Ammonia Nitrogen
Chemical Oxygen Demand
Hardness
Chloride
Color
Sulfate
ICAP Scan
Uranium
Radioactivity,Gross Alpha
Organic Chemicals
Total Organic Carbon
Total I norganic Carbon
Trace Metals
R&M
X
X
X-
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
-3-
USGS
x
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
o
o
o
o
o
Summary:Additional Comments to Tables 1 and 2.
R&M will collect all the data at two locations along the Susitna River
at least five times during the first year.The five times will include:
a)Spring Breakup
b)Summer (maximum effect of the glaciers)
c)Immediately after a heavy rainstorm (as close to hydrograph
peak as possible)
d)Just prior to freeze-up
e)Winter low flow (under ice cover)
Both R&M and the USGS will be coHecting data at the Gold Creek
station so there should be a very good record at this site.This will
allow more accurate extrapolation of data collected at other sites.R&M
will conduct event-oriented sampling at Gold Creek.The site will be
occupied during flood events and water quality sampled three to five
times through the hydrograph.
R&M will install a continuous water quality recorder for key parameters
at the proposed Watana damsite.These parameters will include:
a)pH
b)Dissolved Oxygen
c)Temperature
d)Specific Conductance
Laboratory testing for uranium,organic chemicals and radioactivity,
gross alpha will be done three times at two sites on the Susitna River
during the 1980 season.
As pal4 t of the National ~tream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAII.J)
The U.S.G.S.is conducting an expanded data collection program at
Sustina Station.A more detailed description of the program can be
found in Geological Survey Circular 823-A.
-4-
-~
-
-
~,
....
--
--
"""
3)FI ELD PROCEDUR ES
This section describes sample collection and handling,procedures for
measuring field parameters (dissolved oxygen,pH,temperature,carbon
dioxide,conductivity,al kalinity,and settleable solids),analytical
methods,detection limits,and procedures for preservation and shipment
of sample?for laboratory analyses.
A.Sample Collection and Handling.
Three grab samples are.collected at each water quality station -
one at the left over-bank,one at the right over-bank,and the
third at mid·-channel.Grab samples are collected with a 2.2-liter
Van'Dorn sampler at least one foot below the surface.Dissolved
oxy~en,.settleable solids and temperature are determined on each
grab sample and the values averaged to provide one "compositell
value.Conductivity,pH and alkalinity,are determined on a
composite sample made from equal parts of each grab sample.
Samples for laboratory analyses are collected from the composite
sample (see below for preservation and shipment).
B.Field Parameter Procedures
Standardize YSI Model 51 B Dissolved Oxygen Meter as follows:
1.Shake SOO-ml bottle containing about 300ml distilled water to
saturate the water with oxygen,wait 1S minutes to allow
.,
oxygen bubbles to rise to the surface and disappear I
2.measure temperature of water and record,
3.record barometric pressure,
4.select standard dissolved oxygen value from chart of oxygen
saturation versus temperature and barometric pressure to
calibrate meter,
5.set uzeroll and IIfull scale ll using appropriate knobs,and
6.calibrate meter to value dertermined in step 4.
Temoerature and dissolved oxygen are determined on each grab
sample.Immediately after securing each grab sample,attach
5
tubing to Van Darn sampler and fill 300-mt beaker from the
bottom,allowing at least three times the volume of the beaker to
overflow into a 3-liter container.Insert oxygen probe into 300-ml
beaker and determine dissolved oxygen in mg/l.Samples should
be stirred continuously by raising and lowering the probe at a
rate of about one foot per second during measurement.While one
field.team member measures dissolved oxygen,the.other empties..
the remaining sample from the Van Darn sampler into the 3-liter
container and measures temperature.
Settleable solids is determined by filling an Imhoff cone to the
1000-ml level with each grab sample.Allow to remain undisturbed
for 45 minutes,then run a rod around the inside of the cone
(once),and wait 15 minutes.Read the settleable solids from the
,.
graduations on each Imhoff cone and report in mill.These values
can be averaged to provide one lIcompositeli value.
Conductivity,pH and alkalinity,are determined on a composite
sample.
Conductivity (or specific conductance)is measured using a YSI
Model 33 S-C-T meter.The probe is placed in the sample to be
tested,the instrument IIred lined",and ~the conductivity read off
the appropriate scale.Make temperature correction and report.
results in urnhos/cm at 25°C.
2.!i is determined with a VWR Scientific Model 55 pH meter.The
meter is calibrated by placing the probe in 7.00 pH buffer,ad-
justing the temperature knob to the temperature of the buffer,and
adjusting the pH to 7.00 with the calibrate knob.The probe is
rinsed with distilled water and placed in pH 4~00:-buffer.Adjust
the meter to 4.00 by using the span control (temperature)knob.
pH of the sample can be measured after rinsing the probe with
distilled water.
6
-,j
i
....,
-
-
"...
Alkalinity is measured using a potentiometric titration to an end
point pH determined by the al kalinity concentration as follows:
~AI kalinity,mg/I 1st End Point (C)2nd End Point (D)
30 5.1 4.8
I~150 4.8 4.5
-500 4.5 4.2
~,
A =(2C -D)X 0.020 X 50,000
100
where,C ::ml titrant to 1st end point,
o =ml titrant to 2nd end point.
Report alkalinity in mg/I as CaC03 .
Calibrate the pH meter.Measure 100-ml sample and pour into
beaker.Titrate with 0.020 normal sulfurit acid to appropriate end
points.Calculate alkalinity as follows:
ALKALINITY RELATIONSHIPS *TAB LE 403:I.
Note:If initial pH exceeds 8.3,record the ml titrant used to
reduce the ph to 8.3 and proceed as above.The table below is
taken from page 281 of Standard Methods,14th edition,and shows
alkalinity relationships for determining the concentrations of bicar-
bonate,carbonate,and hydroxide al kalinity.
Result of Hydroxide Carbonate Bicarbonate
Titration Alkalinity Alkalinity Alkalinity
as CaC03 as CaC03 as CaC03
p=o °°:::r
,P<~T °2P T-2P
P=!zT °2P 0
P>~T 2P-T 2(T-P)0
P=T T °°
-
*Key:P -phenolphthalein al kalinity;T -total al kalinity
I .....
7
The following table presents the methods and detection limits of
the field parameters:
Parameter
Dissolved Oxygen
Temperature
Con<;iuctivity
pH
Alkalinity
Carbon Dioxide (b)
Settleable Solids
Method(a)
SM 422F
SM 212
EPA 275
EPA 239
EPA 3
SM 407A
EPA 273
Detection Limit
0.1 mg/l
0.1 °C
I umhos/cm
±O:01
2 mg/l
±1 9:- 0
0.1 mill
-
(a)SM -Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater,14th edition
EPA -Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes,
1974,page number appears after EPA
(b)Free carbon dioxide will be determined by R&M personnel with
the nomograph on page 297 of Standard Methods I 14th
edition.
8
C.Preservation -and Shipment
Samples for laboratory analysis are collected from the composite
sample,and placed in separate containers as follows:
\
I.').
.j
Container
Plastic,no preservative
Plastic,no preservative,
filtered on site
Plastic,sulfuric acid,
filtered on site
Plastic,sulfuric acid
Plastic,nitric acid,
fi Ite red on site
Glass,organic solvent rinsed,
filtered on site
Glass or plastic,nitric acid,
filtered on site
Glass or plastic,nitric acid,
filtered on site
Parameters
Turbidity
Total Dissolved Solids
Total Suspended Solids
Total Phoshorus
Ortho-phosphate
Chloride
Color
Sulfate
Hardness
Kjeldahl Nitrogen
Total Nitrogen
Nitrate Nitrogen
Ammonia Nitrogen
Chemical Oxygen Demand
Metals (ICAP Scan)
Organic Chemicals
Uranium
Radioactivity,Gross Alpha
Filtering will be done on site using O.45-um membrane filter.
Sample bottles with appropriate preservatives are provided for
each sampling trip by Chemical &Geological Laborator'ies of Alaska,
Inc.All laboratory samples are placed in insulated sample boxes
~vith ice to keep the samples cool during shipment to the
laboratory.
1
9
4)LABORATORY PROCEDURES
Chemical &Geological Laboratories of Alaska,Inc.,has been contracted
to provide laboratory analyses.They are one of two private labora-
tories in Alaska certified by the Alaska Department of Environmental
Conservation to provide water quality analyses.The parameters,
methods,.and detection limits follow:
-i
-,
~I
-
-
Parameter 'Method(a)Detection limite b)
Turbidity
Total Dissolved Solids
Total Suspended Solids
Total Phosphorus·
Ortho-phosphate
Kjeldahl Nitrogen
Total Nitrogen
Nitrate Nitrogen
Ammonia Nitrogen
Chemical Oxygen Demand
Hardness
Chloride
Sulfate
ICAP Scan
Uranium
Radioactivity I Gross Alpha
Organic Chemical s
EPA295
EPA266
EPA268
EPA249
EPA249
EPA175
EPA175
EPA197
EPA159
~PA20
EPA 68
EPA 29
EPA277
Proposed (c)
Fluorescence (d)
EPA 264 (ASTM 31)
Proposed (0
0.05 NTU
1
1
0.01
0.01
0.1
0.1
0.1
O~05
1
1
0.2
1
0.075
3pCi/l(e)
-
-
(a)EPA -Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes,1974,
page number appears after EPA
ASTM 31 -American Society for Testing Materials,1975,Annual
Book of ASTM Standards,Part 31,Water
(b)mg/I unless noted otherwise
10
c)Recommended method outlined in the Federal Register,Vol.44,
No.233,pt.III,Appendix IV
d)Following accepted-!Jlethod out[in~d by G.K.Turner Associates,
e)Reported as picocurie/liter
--f)Recommended method outlined in the Federal Register,Vol 38,
No.75,Pt.II,Appendix A.
-
-
5)REPORTI NG
Data will be compiled to provide.a range and mean for each parameter
during each of three seasons.The seasons and their respective
definitions are:breakup -from the time ice begins to break up until
recession of spring runoff,summer -from the end of breakup until the
water temperature drops to essentially OOC in the fall,and winter -
from the end of summ,er until breakup begins.
The format for data collected will consist of an alphabetical listing of
field parameters followed by an alphabetical listing of laboratory para-
meters.There will be one page per sample site and the heading will
have the site,date,sample time,personnel doing the sampling,and
other relevant observations.
11